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Dolničar V, Petrovčič A, Škafar M, Laznik J, Prevodnik K, Hvalič-Touzery S. Determinants of the intention to use mHealth in the future: Evidence from an intervention study of patients with chronic diseases in Slovenia. Int J Med Inform 2024; 190:105537. [PMID: 39002206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) implementation is crucial for developing sustainable healthcare systems, but it faces the challenge of user acceptance. Extending traditional acceptance models allows for the cognitive, emotional and social aspects of engaging with mHealth to be captured, creating a more comprehensive understanding of users' intentions to use it in the future. User-centred intervention studies based on users' real experiences with mHealth are essential for accurate assessments and for improving upon studies that rely merely on anticipated mHealth use. METHODS An intervention study was conducted with 103 patients with at least one chronic condition (type 2 diabetes and/or arterial hypertension) who had used an mHealth service for three months. They were recruited through purposive sampling at a community health centre in Slovenia. Path analysis was applied to the survey data collected after a three-month testing period to validate an explanatory model with eight hypotheses. RESULTS The intensity of mHealth use affected usability, which in turn affected acceptability, the psychosocial impacts of engagement with mHealth and intention for future use. The results showed that the intensity of mHealth use did not affect mHealth acceptability. Likewise, acceptability did not affect the psychosocial impacts of engagement with mHealth or the intention for its future use. Notably, perceptions of the psychosocial impacts of mHealth had no significant effect on the intention for future use. CONCLUSION Usability and intensity of use play a central role in the post-intervention usage of mHealth, offering valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare providers involved in the delivery of mHealth-based treatment to patients with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Dolničar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Social Informatics, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Andraž Petrovčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Social Informatics, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Škafar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Social Informatics, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jerneja Laznik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Social Informatics, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Prevodnik
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Social Informatics, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Simona Hvalič-Touzery
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Centre for Social Informatics, Kardeljeva ploščad 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Kubota K, Auxier J, Aslan F, Joronen K, Pakarinen A. Gamified Interventions for Promoting the Psychosocial Well-Being of School-Aged Children: A Scoping Review. Games Health J 2024; 13:234-244. [PMID: 38757661 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gamified health interventions can offer child-centered and tailored health-promoting strategies. Evidence suggests that its various mechanics foster engagement that can be utilized to promote health and well-being and influence health behavior. At present, psychosocial challenges among school-aged children are becoming a global predicament. We conducted a scoping review to explore the range and nature of evidence on gamified interventions for promoting the psychosocial well-being of school-aged children from the general population. We followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework and extracted sources of evidence from five databases. Our review findings were summarized with basic numerical analysis and provided with narrative accounts based on a gamification taxonomy and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). We identified 12 gamified interventions and included 23 records that reported their development and evaluation. Theories on emotions, behaviors, social skills, and mental health were commonly applied frameworks. Narrative was found as the most commonly used gamification mechanic (11/12, 91.7%), followed by avatar and tasks (10/12, 83.3%), feedback system and level progression (9/12, 75%), points (7/12, 58.3%), badges (5/12, 41.7%), progress bar (4/12, 33.3%), and virtual goods, reminders, and time pressure (2/12, 16.7%). The included sources of evidence reported significant improvements in some of the measured psychosocial outcomes; however, studies on this domain for this particular target group are still considerably limited. Further research is needed to determine how the applied theories and gamification mechanics brought about the change in psychosocial outcomes, bridging the gap in current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Kubota
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jennifer Auxier
- University of Applied Sciences Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Funda Aslan
- Department of Health Sciences, Çankırı Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Katja Joronen
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Pakarinen
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Scofield D, Frisch M, Andersson M, Storgaard M, Pedersen G, Johansen IS, Katzenstein TL, Graugaard C, Omland LH, Weis N, Moseholm E. Psychosocial and sexual health among men with and without HIV who have sex with men: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Denmark. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 39022863 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The HIV/AIDS epidemic has disproportionately affected men who have sex with men (MSM) since its onset. Despite important medical advancements in treatment, the enduring effects of living with HIV continue to adversely impact the health and well-being of this population. This cross-sectional nationwide study examined psychosocial and sexual health among MSM in Denmark, comparing those living with and without HIV. METHODS Data from MSM living with HIV were collected from the SHARE study, a Danish nationwide survey that investigated psychosocial, sexual and reproductive health among people with HIV, and compared with data from MSM without HIV, retrieved from the nationally representative cohort study, Project SEXUS. Associations between HIV status and psychosocial and sexual health outcomes were examined using logistic regression models while controlling for potentially confounding variables. RESULTS Among 369 MSM with HIV and 1002 MSM without HIV, logistic regression analyses revealed that living with HIV was significantly associated with having current symptoms of anxiety and depression and greater dissatisfaction with one's body. Additionally, MSM with HIV significantly more often than MSM without HIV reported low sexual desire, sexual inactivity, a lack of sexual needs in the last year and erectile dysfunction. Having received payment for sex was more frequently reported by MSM with HIV, as was sexualised drug use, including chemsex drugs. CONCLUSION Compared with MSM without HIV, MSM with HIV in Denmark report a higher burden of mental health and sex life challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Scofield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Project SEXUS Group, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Sexology Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mikael Andersson
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Project SEXUS Group, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Storgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gitte Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Isik S Johansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Terese L Katzenstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Christian Graugaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Sexology Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars H Omland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Nina Weis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Moseholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Landmark L, Sunde HF, Fors EA, Kennair LEO, Sayadian A, Backelin C, Reme SE. Associations between pain intensity, psychosocial factors, and pain-related disability in 4285 patients with chronic pain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13477. [PMID: 38866885 PMCID: PMC11169509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain, a widespread challenge affecting daily life, is closely linked with psychological and social factors. While pain clearly influences daily function in those affected, the complete extent of its impact is not fully understood. Given the close connection between pain and psychosocial factors, a deeper exploration of these aspects is needed. In this study, we aim to examine the associations between psychosocial factors, pain intensity, and pain-related disability among patients with chronic pain. We used data on 4285 patients from the Oslo University Hospital Pain Registry, and investigated pain-related disability, pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, psychological distress, perceived injustice, insomnia, fatigue, and self-efficacy. We found significant associations between all psychosocial variables and pain-related disability, even after adjusting for demographic factors. In the multiple regression model, sleep problems and pain intensity were identified as primary contributors, alongside psychological distress, and fatigue. Combined, these factors accounted for 26.5% of the variability in pain-related disability, with insomnia and pain intensity exhibiting the strongest associations. While the direction of causation remains unclear, our findings emphasize the potential of interventions aimed at targeting psychosocial factors. Considering the strong link between psychosocial factors and pain-related disability, interventions targeting these factors-particularly insomnia-could reduce disability and enhance quality of life in those who suffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Live Landmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Hans Fredrik Sunde
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil A Fors
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Annahita Sayadian
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline Backelin
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Endresen Reme
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Chan C, Trahms C. Managing the Long-Term Effects of Psychological Abuse on (Im)migrant Domestic Workers. Cult Med Psychiatry 2024; 48:225-246. [PMID: 37715892 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-023-09836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
While researchers have highlighted the emotional distress of migrant domestic workers who experience abuse by employers, less is known about long-term effects of the psychological abuse that they experience. Drawing from a broader ethnographic study of Filipino and Indonesian migration to Chile, we analyze three Filipina domestic workers' migration narratives to examine how they narrate and manage the long-term effects of psychological abuse in the domestic workplace that they experienced more than ten years earlier. Building on insights from medical anthropology and using narrative analysis, we contribute to discussions on migrants' mental health and psychosocial wellbeing by showing how these migrants seek to make meaningful sense of their previous experiences to deal with the enduring effects. We show that they construct alternative narratives that foreground their experiences as linked to structural factors and suggest that their psychosocial wellbeing is linked to their ability to subvert or derive meaning from earlier experiences of structural violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chan
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
- School of Psychology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christine Trahms
- Society and Health Research Center, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Moya S, Coviglio A, Belloc C, Comer C, Eberhart J, Fortané N, Paul MC. A qualitative analysis of the unwritten rules influencing antibiotic prescribing practices among French poultry veterinarians. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2024; 6:dlae044. [PMID: 38486661 PMCID: PMC10939441 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is now recognized that a better understanding of prescriber behaviour is needed to improve antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Most studies conducted in the livestock sector have focused on farmers' perspectives, while the prescribing habits of veterinarians have remained overlooked. Objective Our study explored the psychosocial determinants associated with antibiotic prescribing practices in the French poultry sector by analysing the informal norms and unwritten rules that influence veterinarians' prescribing decisions. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in four French regions in February 2021. Using the biographical narrative interpretive method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 poultry veterinarians with varying professional experience. Three main themes were retained for data analysis: (i) compliance with and deviations from prescribing recommendations, (ii) the influence of fellow veterinarians on antibiotic decisions and (iii) the key role of veterinary corporate groups. Results When prescribing antibiotics, junior veterinarians were strongly influenced by senior veterinarians who acted as role models driving clinical practices. Prescribing habits were shared through peer networks in which veterinarians participated throughout their careers. Finally, veterinary corporate groups helped to shape veterinarians' prescribing habits by promoting existing guidelines and even producing in-house recommendations. Conclusions We show that, in parallel with official guidelines, prescribing habits circulate among veterinarians and are shared in professional circles. Therefore, antimicrobial stewardship interventions should focus not only on official guidelines and communication channels, but also unwritten professional rules and organizations influencing veterinarians' prescribing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Moya
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Coviglio
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Belloc
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire Agroalimentaire et de l’Alimentation (ONIRIS), Nantes, France
| | - Clementine Comer
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Dauphine (UPD)—Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Josephine Eberhart
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Dauphine (UPD)—Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Fortané
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Dauphine (UPD)—Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Mathilde C Paul
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris, France
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Ocampo JMF, Santos RAN, Sevilleja JEA, Gloria CT. The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines: A scoping review. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e27. [PMID: 38572255 PMCID: PMC10988143 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remained at elevated risk for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of persistent stressors to their health systems. Simultaneously facing high infection rates, strict containment measures and natural disasters, the Philippines provides important grounds for health research in LMICs. This review examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines. This scoping review included literature in English from 2020 to mid-2022 from PubMed, PsycInfo and SCOPUS, and used the PRISMA-ScR and PCC-question model. Two independent reviewers conducted blind article screening and data extraction using COVIDENCE software, followed by consensus building, data charting and analyses. This work identified 405 publications across PubMed (N = 56), PsycInfo (N = 106) and SCOPUS (N = 243), of which 76 articles addressed the Philippines. Article types included 54 research articles, 10 opinion pieces, 4 literature reviews, 6 letters to journals, 1 study protocol and 1 other report. These findings focused primarily on health professionals (N = 23) and educators/learners (N = 22) and reported mostly on moderate-to-severe clinical outcomes such as fear, depression, anxiety or stress. Coping behaviors, like resiliency and other ways of adapting to the pandemic, including religious, spiritual and community-oriented approaches highlighted experiences with stringent infection prevention and control measures to contain COVID-19 in the Philippines. The COVID-19 pandemic brought severe challenges to mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines. The literature focused mostly on healthcare workers and educators/learners, and moderate-to-severe mental health outcomes in these groups. There is a need to expand studies to other sociodemographic groups and communities across the Philippines. Future work stands to benefit from more in-depth qualitative, mixed methods, longitudinal and representative quantitative research in LMICs following this pandemic. Literature reviews remain important to synthesize post-pandemic experiences by providing context for future studies and health practice in the Philippines and other LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Michelle F. Ocampo
- Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raisa Alexis N. Santos
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christian T. Gloria
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Morshidi MI, Chew PKH, Suárez L. Psychosocial risk factors of youth suicide in the Western Pacific: a scoping review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:201-209. [PMID: 37414977 PMCID: PMC10838839 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Western Pacific region accounts for 25% of global suicide rates globally. In the last decade, however, there is a rising concern over the rate of youth suicides in the region. In line with the regional vision of reducing the rate of non-communicable diseases by 2025, the study contributes to the literature by utilizing a scoping review approach to identify psychosocial risk factors associated with youth suicide in the region. METHOD Publications on youth suicide in the Western Pacific region between 2010 and 2021 were reviewed. A total of 43 publications met the inclusion criteria and were read in full. RESULTS Psychosocial risk factors associated with suicide in each publication were identified and thematically classified into five themes: interpersonal factors, history of abuse, academic factors, work factors, and minority status. DISCUSSION Findings showed discrepancies in youth suicide research across member nations in the Western Pacific. Implications for regional policies on suicide prevention and future research were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lidia Suárez
- James Cook University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Hayes R, Nutland W, Rayment M, Wayal S, Apea V, Clarke A, McOwan A, Sullivan A, Desai M, Jajja A, Rice B, Horne R, McCormack S, Gafos M. "Sex without fear": exploring the psychosocial impact of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis on gay men in England. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:81. [PMID: 37964322 PMCID: PMC10648634 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) experience a high prevalence of psychosocial health problems, such as harmful substance use and depression, as well as being disproportionately affected by HIV. HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) may provide psychosocial benefits beyond its intended purpose of reducing HIV infection. We explore the psychosocial impact of oral PrEP use on gay men in England using qualitative data from the PROUD study. From February 2014 to January 2016, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 40 gay men and one trans woman. Participants were purposively recruited based on trial arm allocation, adherence, and sexual risk behaviours. By removing HIV risk from sex, PrEP improves users' wellbeing by reducing HIV-related anxiety and internalised stigma and increasing HIV prevention self-efficacy, sexual pleasure, and intimacy. In turn, these psychological changes may influence behaviour in the form of greater sexual freedom, reduced harmful drug use, and more protective sexual health behaviours. However, PrEP may create internal conflict for some gay men, due to its disruption of social norms around condom use and its perceived influence on their sexual behaviour leading to reduced condom self-efficacy. These findings provide a baseline of PrEP's psychosocial impact amongst some of the first PrEP users in England and supports calls to consider the psychosocial impact of PrEP in prescribing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Hayes
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, 58 Turner Street, London, E1 2AB, UK
| | | | - Michael Rayment
- Directorate of HIV and GU Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sonali Wayal
- Institute for Global Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanesa Apea
- Ambrose King Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Amanda Clarke
- Department of HIV, Sexual Health and Contraception, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Alan McOwan
- Directorate of HIV and GU Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ann Sullivan
- Directorate of HIV and GU Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Monica Desai
- STI & HIV Division, Blood Safety, Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Andrew Jajja
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brian Rice
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rob Horne
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sheena McCormack
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Mitzy Gafos
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Sørensen JFL, Hansen JB. Childhood social capital and drug use disorder in adulthood: A retrospective study on antecedent determinants of the type of drug use. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2023; 45:1673-1690. [PMID: 37260060 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Based on a sample of Danish adults who were enroled in treatment for drug use disorders as a prerequisite for qualifying for receiving unemployment benefits, we analyse the relationship between low social capital in childhood (LSCC) and the type of drug use in adulthood. The type of drug use is measured by distinguishing between those who were treated for using hard drugs (e.g., heroin and cocaine) and those who were treated for using soft drugs (cannabis). Extracting data from the initial treatment registration report, social capital is operationalised into seven different LSCC categories, and the total number of LSCC (the LSCC score) is recorded. Based on logistic regressions, the LSCC score shows a strong graded dose-response relationship with hard drug use. With each additional LSCC, the probability of being treated for hard drug use increases with 9%. Parental child abuse is the most important single predictor of being treated for hard drug use. Having been parentally abused as a child raises the probability by 32%. The results hold after controlling for age, initiation age, and number of years of drug use, all of which show a significant reversed U-shaped relationship with hard drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Fyhn Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Jens Baek Hansen
- Department of Sociology, Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Rodriguez FS, Grabe HJ, Frenzel S, Klinger-König J, Bülow R, Völzke H, Hoffmann W. Association Between Psychosocial Stress and Brain Aging: Results of the Population-Based Cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 36:110-117. [PMID: 37849313 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that psychosocial factors can have an impact on brain health. Yet, it is unclear whether psychosocial stress affects aging of the brain. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between psychosocial stress and brain aging. METHODS Data from the German population-based cohort Study of Health in Pomerania (N=991; age range 20-78 years) were used to calculate a total psychosocial stress score by combining subscores from five domains: stress related to the living situation, the occupational situation, the social situation, danger experiences, and emotions. Associations with brain aging, indicated by an MRI-derived score quantifying age-related brain atrophy, were estimated by using regression models adjusted for age, gender, education, diabetes, problematic alcohol consumption, smoking, and hypertension. RESULTS The relative risk ratio for advanced brain aging was 1.21 (95% CI=1.04-1.41) for stress related to emotions in fully adjusted models. The interactions between stress related to emotions and mental health symptoms were also significantly associated with advanced brain aging. The association between higher total psychosocial stress and brain aging was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that high stress related to emotions is associated with advanced brain aging. To protect brain health in older age, more research is needed to explore the role of emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca S Rodriguez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robin Bülow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock/Greifswald, Germany (Rodriguez, Grabe, Hoffmann); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (Grabe, Frenzel, Klinger-König), Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology (Bülow), and Institute for Community Medicine (Völzke, Hoffmann), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Frank J, Mustard C, Smith P, Siddiqi A, Cheng Y, Burdorf A, Rugulies R. Work as a social determinant of health in high-income countries: past, present, and future. Lancet 2023; 402:1357-1367. [PMID: 37838441 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper, the first in a three-part Series on work and health, provides a narrative review of research into work as a social determinant of health over the past 25 years, the key emerging challenges in this field, and the implications of these challenges for future research. By use of a conceptual framework for work as a social determinant of health, we identified six emerging challenges: (1) the influence of technology on the nature of work in high-income countries, culminating in the sudden shift to telework during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) the intersectionality of work with gender, sexual orientation, age, race, ethnicity, migrant status, and socioeconomic status as codeterminants of health disparities; (3) the arrival in many Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries of large migrant labour workforces, who are often subject to adverse working conditions and social exclusion; (4) the development of precarious employment as a feature of many national labour markets; (5) the phenomenon of working long and irregular hours with potential health consequences; and (6) the looming threat of climate change's effects on work. We conclude that profound changes in the nature and availability of work over the past few decades have led to widespread new psychosocial and physical exposures that are associated with adverse health outcomes and contribute to increasing disparities in health. These new exposures at work will require novel and creative methods of data collection for monitoring of their potential health impacts to protect the workforce, and for new research into better means of occupational health promotion and protection. There is also an urgent need for a better integration of occupational health within public health, medicine, the life sciences, and the social sciences, with the work environment explicitly conceptualised as a major social determinant of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Frank
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Cameron Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjumand Siddiqi
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yawen Cheng
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Silva P, Pereira H. Promoting Psychosocial Well-Being and Empowerment of Immigrant Women: A Systematic Review of Interventions. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:579. [PMID: 37504026 PMCID: PMC10376121 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review (SLR), based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, aims to present a current overview of interventions aimed at promoting the psychosocial well-being and/or empowerment (PWE) of immigrant women in order to guide future projects. Data collection was performed in the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, with studies published between 2012 and 20 March 2023 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were based on the PICO guidelines: (P) immigrant women, (I) interventions to improve PWE, (C) comparison between the initial and final phases, and (O) evaluated results for PWE. Risk of bias was assessed, and most of the studies met more than 80% of the JBI bias criteria and had moderate quality on GRADE. Thirteen studies with 585 participants were included, mostly non-randomized, non-equivalent, and with an experimental-control group design. The main components of interventions were health education/psychoeducation, counseling, cognitive restructuring, and expressive therapies. A descriptive synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data was made to evaluate the results of the interventions in PWE. In the experimental studies, results assessed improvements mainly in mood and depression levels, and stress reduction. Empowerment components were less covered. Experimental groups performed better in almost all variables in the comparison with control groups. The strongest interventions were psychoeducation and cognitive restructuring techniques. The main limitations of the studies were the lack of quality of several studies, sample size and representativeness, language, and the possibility of response bias. Even taking this into account, this article makes an original contribution by advocating for evidence-based practice and offering significant implications for health professionals, policy makers, and researchers that work with the integrative health of immigrant women. This SLR is registered in PROPESRO Registration: CRD42023399683. PS is a research fellow of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Silva
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Henrique Pereira
- Department of Psychology and Education, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Pólo IV, 6200-209 Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Santoro SL, Cabrera MJ, Co JPT, Constantine M, Haugen K, Krell K, Skotko BG, Winickoff JP, Donelan K. Health in Down syndrome: creating a conceptual model. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2023; 67:323-351. [PMID: 36650105 PMCID: PMC9992291 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) has a unique medical and psychological profile that could impact how health is defined on three dimensions: physical, social and mental well-being. METHODS In 2021, we presented our proposed conceptual model to three expert panels, four focus groups of parents of individuals with DS age 0-21 years and four focus groups of individuals with DS age 13-21 years through videoconferencing technology. Participants gave feedback and discussed the concept of health in DS. RESULTS Feedback from participants resulted in iterative refinement of our model, retaining the three dimensions of health, and modifying constructs within those dimensions. Experts and parents agreed that individuals with DS have unique health concerns that necessitate the creation and validation of a syndrome-specific health model. We present key themes that we identified and a final conceptual model of health for individuals with DS. CONCLUSION Health in DS is a multi-dimensional, multi-construct model focused on relevant constructs of causal and effect indicators. This conceptual model can be used in future research to develop a syndrome-specific measure of health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Santoro
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M J Cabrera
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J P T Co
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Constantine
- Patient-Centered Research, Evidera, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Haugen
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Krell
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B G Skotko
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J P Winickoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Donelan
- Health Policy Research Center, The Mongan Institute, Survey Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Healthcare Systems, Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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15
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Mansfield M, Thacker M, Taylor JL, Bannister K, Spahr N, Jong ST, Smith T. The association between psychosocial factors and mental health symptoms in cervical spine pain with or without radiculopathy on health outcomes: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:235. [PMID: 36978016 PMCID: PMC10045438 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain, with or without radiculopathy, can have significant negative effects on physical and mental wellbeing. Mental health symptoms are known to worsen prognosis across a range of musculoskeletal conditions. Understanding the association between mental health symptoms and health outcomes in this population has not been established. Our aim was to systematically review the association between psychosocial factors and/or mental health symptoms on health outcomes in adults with neck pain, with or without radiculopathy. METHODS A systematic review of published and unpublished literature databases was completed. Studies reporting mental health symptoms and health outcomes in adults with neck pain with or without radiculopathy were included. Due to significant clinical heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was completed. Each outcome was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included (N = 21,968 participants). Sixteen studies assessed neck pain only (N = 17,604 participants); seven studies assessed neck pain with radiculopathy (N = 4,364 participants). Depressive symptoms were associated with poorer health outcomes in people with neck pain and neck pain with radiculopathy. These findings were from seven low-quality studies, and an additional six studies reported no association. Low-quality evidence reported that distress and anxiety symptoms were associated with poorer health outcomes in people with neck pain and radiculopathy and very low-quality evidence showed this in people with neck pain only. Stress and higher job strain were negatively associated with poorer health outcomes measured by the presence of pain in two studies of very low quality. CONCLUSIONS Across a small number of highly heterogenous, low quality studies mental health symptoms are negatively associated with health outcomes in people with neck pain with radiculopathy and neck pain without radiculopathy. Clinicians should continue to utilise robust clinical reasoning when assessing the complex factors impacting a person's presentation with neck pain with or without radiculopathy. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020169497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mansfield
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Mick Thacker
- School of Physiotherapy, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joseph L Taylor
- Wolfson Centre of Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Central Modulation of Pain, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kirsty Bannister
- Wolfson Centre of Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Central Modulation of Pain, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Nicolas Spahr
- Physiotherapy Department, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - Stephanie T Jong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Toby Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Santoro SL, Cabrera M, Haugen K, Krell K, Merker VL. Indicators of health in Down syndrome: A virtual focus group study with patients and their parents. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2023; 36:354-365. [PMID: 36624557 PMCID: PMC9911361 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome has a unique medical and psychological profile. To date, few studies have asked individuals with Down syndrome about their views of health. METHODS Eight focus groups of 20 parents and 8 individuals with Down syndrome, were conducted virtually via videoconferencing to obtain participants' views of health indicators. Focus group moderators employed some modifications for individuals with Down syndrome, including simplified language and use of graphics. Transcripts were coded using a hybrid inductive/deductive framework and thematically analysed using the Framework Method. RESULTS We describe lessons learned in conducting virtual focus groups of individuals with Down syndrome and their parents. Individuals with Down syndrome could describe their views of health indicators and identified many of the same topics as their parents. Both groups discussed physical, mental, and social health components. However, people with Down syndrome gave a more restricted range of examples, but with different nuances than parents. CONCLUSION Partcipants discussed physical, social, and mental well-being components of health in Down syndrome. Interviewing individuals with Down syndrome in virtual focus groups with appropriate modifications added important self-report health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Santoro
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria Cabrera
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelsey Haugen
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kavita Krell
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa L. Merker
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Li H, Zhao J, Chen R, Liu H, Xu X, Xu J, Jiang X, Pang M, Wang J, Li S, Hou J, Kong F. The relationships of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience with depression, anxiety, and stress among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-wave longitudinal study in Shandong Province, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1078744. [PMID: 37026148 PMCID: PMC10070798 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1078744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies have shown that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to long-term health problems; therefore, more attention should be paid to the mental health of university students. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal effects of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on the mental health of Chinese college students during COVID-19. Methods We recruited 2,948 university students from five universities in Shandong Province. We used a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model to estimate the impact of preventive behaviors and psychological resilience on mental health. Results In the follow-up survey, the prevalence of anxiety (44.8% at T1 vs 41.2% at T2) and stress (23.0% at T1 vs 19.6% at T2) decreased over time, whereas the prevalence of depression (35.2% at T1 vs 36.9% at T2) increased significantly (P < 0.001). Senior students were more likely to report depression (OR = 1.710, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.815, P = 0.019), and stress (OR = 1.385, P = 0.011). Among all majors, medical students were most likely to report depression (OR = 1.373, P = 0.021), anxiety (OR = 1.310, P = 0.040), and stress (OR = 1.775, P < 0.001). Students who wore a mask outside were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.761, P = 0.027) and anxiety (OR = 0.686, P = 0.002) compared to those who did not wear masks. Students who complied with the standard hand-washing technique were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.628, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.701, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Students who maintained a distance of one meter in queues were less likely to report depression (OR = 0.668, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.634, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.638, P < 0.001). Psychological resilience was a protective factor against depression (OR = 0.973, P < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.980, P < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.976, P < 0.001). Discussion The prevalence of depression among university students increased at follow-up, while the prevalence of anxiety and stress decreased. Senior students and medical students are vulnerable groups. University students should continue to follow relevant preventive behaviors to protect their mental health. Improving psychological resilience may help maintain and promote university students' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexian Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Marxism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xixing Xu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Jiang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingli Pang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shixue Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Hou
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaxiang Hou
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Fanlei Kong
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Méndez-Rivero F, Pozo ÓJ, Julià M. Gender Differences in the Indirect Effect of Psychosocial Work Environment in the Association of Precarious Employment and Chronic Stress: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16073. [PMID: 36498147 PMCID: PMC9736292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in the association between precarious employment and chronic stress have been found but the mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been explored. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the mediating effects of psychosocial risk factors at work (i.e., demands, control, and support) and work-life conflicts in the relationship between precarious employment and chronic stress as measured through the production of steroid hormones (both adrenal and gonadal) for men and women separately. Cross-sectional data were derived from a sample of workers from Barcelona (n = 125-255 men; 130 women). A set of 23 markers were determined from hair samples to evaluate the production of both adrenal and gonadal steroids. Decomposition analyses were applied to estimate the indirect effects of psychosocial risk factors and work-life conflict using linear regression models. Gender differences in the association between precarious employment and steroids production were confirmed. Psychosocial risk factors and work-life conflicts had indirect effects only among women (βCortisol = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.04-0.32; βCortisol/Cortisone 0.19; 95% CI: 0.08-0.31; β%Cortisol 0.12; 95% CI: 0.05-0.20). Gender differences suggest that the physiological response to precarious employment could be determined by the social construction of gender identities, as well as by positions and roles in the labour market and family. Future studies should delve further into these differences to improve employment and working policies, thus mitigating gender inequalities in the labour market to prevent work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Méndez-Rivero
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar J. Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Julià
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions (GREDS-EMCONET), Department of Political and Social Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- ESIMar (Mar Nursing School), Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra-Affiliated, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- SDHEd (Social Determinants and Health Education Research Group), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Park JW, Howe CJ, Dionne LA, Scarpaci MM, Needham BL, Sims M, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR, Fava JL, Loucks EB, Eaton CB, Dulin AJ. Social support, psychosocial risks, and cardiovascular health: Using harmonized data from the Jackson Heart Study, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. SSM Popul Health 2022; 20:101284. [PMID: 36387018 PMCID: PMC9646650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Social support may have benefits on cardiovascular health (CVH). CVH is evaluated using seven important metrics (Life's Simple 7; LS7) established by the American Heart Association (e.g., smoking, diet). However, evidence from longitudinal studies is limited and inconsistent. The objective of this study is to examine the longitudinal relationship between social support and CVH, and assess whether psychosocial risks (e.g., anger and stress) modify the relationship in a racially/ethnically diverse population. Methods Participants from three harmonized cohort studies - Jackson Heart Study, Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America, and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis - were included. Repeated-measures modified Poisson regression models were used to examine the overall relationship between social support (in tertiles) and CVH (LS7 metric), and to assess for effect modification by psychosocial risk. Results Among 7724 participants, those with high (versus low) social support had an adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for ideal or intermediate (versus poor) CVH of 0.99 (0.96-1.03). For medium (versus low) social support, the aPR (95% CI) was 1.01 (0.98-1.05). There was evidence for modification by employment and anger. Those with medium (versus low) social support had an aPR (95% CI) of 1.04 (0.99-1.10) among unemployed or low anger participants. Corresponding results for employed or high anger participants were 0.99 (0.94-1.03) and 0.97 (0.91-1.03), respectively. Conclusion Overall, we observed no strong evidence for an association between social support and CVH. However, some psychosocial risks may be modifiers. Prospective studies are needed to assess the social support-CVH relationship by psychosocial risks in racially/ethnically diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Park
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Chanelle J. Howe
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura A. Dionne
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew M. Scarpaci
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph L. Fava
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Akilah J. Dulin
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Ross EE, Colbath RA, Yu J, Munabi N, Gillenwater TJ, Yenikomshian HA. Peer Support Groups: Identifying Disparities to Improve Participation. J Burn Care Res 2022; 43:1019-1023. [PMID: 35781574 PMCID: PMC9435488 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in psychosocial outcomes after burn injury exist in patients from racial or ethnic minority groups in the United States. Peer support groups can help patients with many psychosocial aspects of recovery from burns; however, access to such support among patients of racial and ethnic minority or low socioeconomic groups are unknown. The present study examined participation rates in outpatient peer support within this patient population. Patients attending outpatient clinic at an urban safety-net hospital and regional burn center with a majority minority patient population were asked about participation in burn survivor group, interest in joining a group, and given validated survey questions about managing emotions and social interactions since injury. Current or past participation in peer support was low (4.2%), and 30.3% of patients not already in support group were interested in joining. Interest in future participation in peer support was highest among Hispanic patients (37.0%) and lowest among Black patients (0%). Logistic regression models demonstrated that increased total body surface area burned, hospital length of stay, and need for surgical intervention were associated with interest in joining or having joined a peer support group. Effectiveness of management of emotions and social interactions were not associated with interest in joining peer support in the future. These findings demonstrate a considerable difference between levels of interest and participation in peer support within this population. Improving access to and education about benefits of peer support in underresourced communities may help to address the variation in psychosocial outcomes of patients across racial or ethnic minority groups recovering from burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Ross
- From the Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A Colbath
- From the Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naikhoba Munabi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Justin Gillenwater
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haig A Yenikomshian
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Törnblom M, Hansson EE. Correlation between self-efficacy, fear of movement, empowerment, enablement, and number of visits to physiotherapist among patients with musculoskeletal disorders in primary health care: a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:141. [PMID: 35794659 PMCID: PMC9258183 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal disorders are a costly burden for health care and social care services. Patients with musculoskeletal disorders are often treated by physiotherapists in primary health care. Psychosocial variables can be a significant obstacle to recovering from musculoskeletal injuries. The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of performing a prospective study investigating whether self-efficacy, fear of movement, empowerment, or enablement has any relation to the number of visits to physiotherapists among patients with a musculoskeletal disorder in primary health care. Methods Prospective study with a consecutive selection including eleven female and eight male patients age ranged between 22 and 82 years old seeking physiotherapist for the first time for a musculoskeletal disorder in primary health care. Primary outcome measures included operational and practical feasibility regarding recruitment of participants, use of questionnaires, and key variables to be collected as part of the study. Secondary outcomes included the correlation between self-efficacy (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES-S)), fear of movement (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-SV)), empowerment (Making Decisions Scale), enablement (Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI)), and the number of visits to physiotherapists. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics version 28 with analysis of correlation using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results Nineteen patients accepted to participate in the study and were included in the final analysis. Between 14 and 18 completed questionnaires were included. There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of visits to the physiotherapist and self-efficacy, rho=0.692 and p=0.006. Conclusion The results of the study showed that the design is feasible in terms of recruitment of participants and use of questionnaires. New variables to collect in a large-scale study were identified. In a large-scale study, attention needs to be focused on the improvement of the number of completed questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that the present care of patients with a low level of self-efficacy is not optimal.
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Shin J, McCarthy M, Schmidt C, Zellner J, Ellerman K, Britton M. Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout Among Occupational Therapy Practitioners in the United States. Am J Occup Ther 2022; 76:23303. [PMID: 35709003 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2022.048108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Identifying the extent and predictors of burnout among occupational therapy practitioners is important so strategies can be developed to reduce burnout and mitigate associated consequences within the profession. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and determinants of burnout reported by U.S. occupational therapy practitioners. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS Occupational therapy practitioners working in a wide range of clinical settings who spent at least 50% of their time in direct patient care and who had been employed continuously for more than 6 mo. OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The outcome of interest was burnout, which was measured using the Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Predictor variables included sociodemographic and workplace characteristics. The relationship between MBI-HSS subscale scores and predictor variables was jointly estimated using a multivariate multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS One hundred seventy-eight occupational therapy practitioners completed the survey. Higher perceived level of supervisor support, satisfaction with income, and educational attainment were associated with lower MBI-HSS subscale scores (ps = .001, .002, and .005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Burnout among occupational therapy practitioners can be conceptualized as an issue of workplace health and safety. Various stakeholder groups can consider potential systematic interventions involving measures to promote positive supervisor support in the workplace and salary negotiation skills for early-stage clinicians. Future research should explore broad interventions to reduce burnout among clinicians. What This Article Adds: We estimated the extent and predictors of burnout among U.S. occupational therapy practitioners. Future research, advocacy, and policy should address structural-level interventions to promote workplace cultures and conditions that can protect the occupational therapy workforce from burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Shin
- Julia Shin, EdD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE;
| | - Molly McCarthy
- Molly McCarthy, PhD, MPH, is Assistant Professor, Division of Occupational Therapy Education, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha;
| | - Caroline Schmidt
- Caroline Schmidt, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Aspen Academy, Savage, MN. At the time of the study, Schmidt was Graduate Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Jenna Zellner
- Jenna Zellner, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ. At the time of the study, Zellner was Graduate Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Kaitlyn Ellerman
- Kaitlyn Ellerman, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Iowa City Rehabilitation and Healthcare Center, Iowa City, IA. At the time of the study, Ellerman was Graduate Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
| | - Morgan Britton
- Morgan Britton, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, PlayAbilities, For Sensational Kids, Leawood, KS. At the time of the study, Britton was Graduate Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
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ICON 2020-International Scientific Tendinopathy Symposium Consensus: A Scoping Review of Psychological and Psychosocial Constructs and Outcome Measures Reported in Tendinopathy Clinical Trials. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022; 52:375-388. [PMID: 35647878 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2022.11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and describe the psychological and psychosocial constructs and outcome measures used in tendinopathy research. DESIGN Scoping review. LITERATURE SEARCH We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL, and APA PsychNet databases on July 10, 2021, for all published studies of tendinopathy populations measuring psychological and psychosocial factors. STUDY SELECTION Studies using a clinical diagnosis of tendinopathy or synonyms (eg, jumper's knee or subacromial impingement) with or without imaging confirmation. DATA SYNTHESIS We described the volume, nature, distribution, and characteristics of psychological and psychosocial outcomes reported in the tendinopathy field. RESULTS Twenty-nine constructs were identified, including 16 psychological and 13 psychosocial constructs. The most frequently-reported constructs were work-related outcomes (32%), quality of life (31%), depression (30%), anxiety (18%), and fear (14%). Outcome measures consisted of validated and nonvalidated questionnaires and 1-item custom questions (including demographics). The number of different outcome measures used to assess an individual construct ranged between 1 (emotional distress) and 11 (quality of life) per construct. CONCLUSION There was a large variability in constructs and outcome measures reported in tendinopathy research, which limits conclusions about the relationship between psychological and psychosocial constructs, outcome measures, and tendinopathies. Given the wide range of psychological and psychosocial constructs reported, there is an urgent need to develop a core outcome set in tendinopathy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2022;52(6):375-388. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.11005.
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Lee WY, Tan JTA, Kok JK. The Struggle to Fit in: A Qualitative Study on the Sense of Belonging and Well-being of Deaf People in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2022; 67:385-400. [PMID: 35529704 PMCID: PMC9059434 DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of belonging plays an important role in a person's well-being. It also acts as a protective factor against mental distress. Deaf people struggle to fit into the dominant hearing society due to communication barriers. The multi-languages used in Malaysian families add to this communication challenge. Communication breakdown leaves the deaf person socially excluded while a poor sense of belonging also increases their vulnerability to mental health issues. Hence, this study explored the deaf person's sense of belonging and well-being through their social experiences in Malaysia. Baumeister's need-to-belong theory served as the theoretical framework of this study. An Ethnographic approach with in-depth interviews and participant observation was used to explore the social experiences of six Chinese deaf adults, aged 20-37, residing in Ipoh. Their hearing parents were interviewed as well to obtain parents' perspective of the child's well-being in the earlier years. Participants were selected using the purposive and snowballing sampling method. Upon data saturation, thematic analysis was used to identify themes, patterns, and interpret its meanings. The main themes that emerged from the data was the "struggle to fit in", "emotional effect", and "quality social connections". Findings of this study can be used in the formation of policies and strategies to ensure that deaf individuals are not excluded from their communities. Cultivating an inclusive community and developing the deaf community offers a better sense of belonging, which would help increase well-being of deaf people. Future research may focus on deaf identity and well-being of deaf youth in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ying Lee
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Joanna Tjin Ai Tan
- Department of Language and Linguistics, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Jin Kuan Kok
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
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Li C, Lu X, Wong CL, Gao F, Chan CW. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Chinese Preventive Health Model instrument for measuring the psychosocial factors in hepatocellular carcinoma screening among patients with hepatitis B. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2022; 16:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lukan J, Bolliger L, Pauwels NS, Luštrek M, Bacquer DD, Clays E. Work environment risk factors causing day-to-day stress in occupational settings: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:240. [PMID: 35123449 PMCID: PMC8818147 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
While chronic workplace stress is known to be associated with health-related outcomes like mental and cardiovascular diseases, research about day-to-day occupational stress is limited. This systematic review includes studies assessing stress exposures as work environment risk factors and stress outcomes, measured via self-perceived questionnaires and physiological stress detection. These measures needed to be assessed repeatedly or continuously via Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) or similar methods carried out in real-world work environments, to be included in this review. The objective was to identify work environment risk factors causing day-to-day stress.
Methods
The search strategies were applied in seven databases resulting in 11833 records after deduplication, of which 41 studies were included in a qualitative synthesis. Associations were evaluated by correlational analyses.
Results
The most commonly measured work environment risk factor was work intensity, while stress was most often framed as an affective response. Measures from these two dimensions were also most frequently correlated with each other and most of their correlation coefficients were statistically significant, making work intensity a major risk factor for day-to-day workplace stress.
Conclusions
This review reveals a diversity in methodological approaches in data collection and data analysis. More studies combining self-perceived stress exposures and outcomes with physiological measures are warranted.
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Sources of Occupational Stress among Office Workers—A Focus Group Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031075. [PMID: 35162099 PMCID: PMC8834191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Workplace stress remains a major interest of occupational health research, usually based on theoretical models and quantitative large-scale studies. Office workers are especially exposed to stressors such as high workload and time pressure. The aim of this qualitative research was to follow a phenomenological approach to identify work stressors as they are perceived by office workers. Six focus groups with office workers of different occupations were conducted in Belgium and Slovenia. A total of 39 participants were included in the study. We used the RQDA software for data processing and analysis and the seven job-quality indices of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) to structure our findings. The results show that work intensity and social environment proved to be main stress categories, followed by skills and discretion, prospects, and working time quality. The physical environment and earnings were not covered in our results. We created organisational (structural/process-oriented and financial) stressors and office workers’ physical health as two additional categories since these topics did not fit into the EWCS. While our findings mainly confirm data from existing occupational stress literature and emphasise the multi-level complexity of work stress experiences, this paper suggests that there are relevant stressors experienced by office workers beyond existing quantitative frameworks.
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RIGO DCA, FERREIRA JBDS, COSTA LR, FREIRE MDCM. Religiosity is associated with caregivers’ perception of preschool children’s dental health. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e0121. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Social communication and quality of life in children using hearing aids. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 152:111000. [PMID: 34883326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compared the parent-reported structural language and social communication skills-measured with the Children's Communication Checklist-2 (CCC-2)-and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL)-measured with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)-of children who use hearing aids (HAs) and their typical-hearing (TH) peers. DESIGN The participants were 88 children (age range of 5; 6 to 13; 1 (years; months)) and their parents: 45 children with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss using HAs who had no additional disabilities and 43 children with typical hearing. The groups were matched based on chronological age, gender, nonverbal IQ, and parental education level. The parents completed questionnaires related to their children's communication skills, including subdomains structural language and social communication, and HR-QOL. RESULTS The HA group had significantly poorer overall communication skills than the TH group (r = 0.49). The children in the HA group scored significantly lower than the TH group on both structural language (r = 0.37) and social communication (r = 0.41). Half of the children in the HA group had overall communication scores that either indicated concern or required further investigation according to the instrument's manual. In terms of psychosocial functioning, which was measured as HR-QOL, the subdomain school functioning was the main driver of the difference between groups, with the HA group being at least twice as likely (OR = 2.52) as the TH group to have poor HR-QOL in the school domain. Better parent-reported social communication was associated with better parent-reported psychosocial functioning in the children using HAs-even when background variables were taken into account. CONCLUSION The results suggest that traditional assessments and interventions targeting structural aspects of language may overlook social communication difficulties in children with HAs, even those with no additional disabilities. As school functioning stood out as the most problematic domain for children with HAs, efforts to improve the well-being of these children should focus on this area.
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Comparing National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II Athletes’ Perceptions of Social Support Following Injury, Illness, and Other Identified Stressors. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Collegiate athletes have demonstrated a need for social support to help cope with their daily responsibilities. The purpose of this research was to explore National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II athletes’ perception of social support from friends, teammates, family, coaches, significant others, and athletic trainers following injury, illness, or other identified life stressors. There were 546 participants who completed a five-part survey using the University Stress Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Athletic Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a demographic section. Of the participants, 352 (64.5%) stated that they experienced moderate stress levels, and all participants indicated experiencing an identified life stressor within the last 12 months. The results indicated statistically significant differences when comparing providers of social support: females preferred the support of friends, significant others, and athletic trainers, and freshmen and sophomores perceived more social support from friends than did juniors and seniors.
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Ahrnberg H, Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Mustonen P, Fröjd S, Aktan-Collan K. Evaluating the efficacy of a school-based Finnish Gutsy Go programme in enhancing adolescents' positive mental health, experience of social inclusion, and social competence. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022; 34:53-69. [PMID: 38504653 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2277770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background: The Finnish Gutsy Go programme is a positive youth development intervention designed to enhance adolescents' psychosocial well-being by enabling eighth-grade students to develop and execute good deeds within the community.Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of the Gutsy Go programme on adolescents' positive mental health, experience of social inclusion, and social competence using a quasi-experimental study design.Methods: Data were collected with electronic questionnaires at baseline (n = 236 programme participants and n = 303 controls) and follow-up two weeks after the programme (n = 126, 54.2% programme participants and n = 103, 34.1% controls). Analyses included paired samples t-tests and mixed ANOVA analyses.Results: A statistically significant intragroup change across time was detected in the level of cooperation skills among programme participants (t(127) = -2.460, p = 0.015) but not among controls (t(102) = 1.088, p = 0.279). Statistically significant main effects were found for the intervention group on the experience of social inclusion (F(1, 1) = 9.34, p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.040), cooperation skills (F(1,1) = 5.28, p = 0.020, ηp2 = 0.020), and empathy (F(1,1) = 6.44, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.030) across time.Conclusion: The Gutsy Go programme could be beneficial in improving adolescents' experience of social inclusion, cooperation skills, and empathy. More studies are needed to address the effects of the programme more firmly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Ahrnberg
- The Finnish Medical Society, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Sari Fröjd
- Health Sciences Unit, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Tang T, Jiang J, Tang X. Psychological risk and protective factors associated with depression among older adults in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 37. [PMID: 34633701 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although geriatric depression is a public health concern in mainland China, findings about its psychological risk and protective factors have been inconsistent, and its prevention programmes have been deficient. To improve interventions for geriatric depression, we designed a study to systematically estimate the effect size of those factors. METHODS To identify psychological risk and protective factors of geriatric depression, we conducted two independent literature searches in English- and Chinese-language databases, and we used a random effects model to analyse effect sizes. RESULTS We identified 15 psychological risk and protective factors in 66 studies. The pooled effect sizes between the factors and geriatric depression ranged from 0.129 to 0.567. Self-esteem displayed a large effect size with depression (r = -0.567), whereas medium-to-large effect sizes emerged between geriatric depression and negative perceptions of age (r = 0.452), resilience (r = -0.426), rumination (r = 0.432), neuroticism (r = 0.381), extraversion (r = -0.363), self-efficacy (r = -0.357), sense of control (r = -0.343), and negative coping strategies (r = 0.315). The sample's mean age, the percentage of women sampled, and the research quality of the studies significantly moderated certain associations. LIMITATIONS Large heterogeneity, the inexplicability of causal relationships between the factors and geriatric depression, and the lack of generalisability to special groups limit our findings. CONCLUSIONS Self-esteem and perceptions of age are potential targets for improving interventions for geriatric depression in mainland China, which should continue to be developed and assessed for their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tang
- Department of Social Work, School of Ethnology and Sociology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianling Jiang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xinfeng Tang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Peter KA, Helfer T, Golz C, Halfens RJG, Hahn S. Development of an Interrelated Definition of Psychosocial Health for the Health Sciences Using Concept Analysis. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 60:19-26. [PMID: 34932421 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20211214-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The term psychosocial health encompasses a variety of definitions and references among different disciplines, and it is widely used in various settings within the health professions and health sciences; however, the term is difficult to conceptualize, which has led to its random and unspecified usage. To bring clarity to use of this term, a concept analysis was conducted. After a careful selection process, 15 articles, including those with their primary published definition, were analyzed and synthesized. The central attributes of the concept of psychosocial health were identified, and an overarching definition addressing its various aspects was proposed. The resulting definition is comprehensive and applicable to a variety of disciplines within the health professions. The definition provides a new understanding and increased clarity for this complex term. Importantly, it will also assist in promoting the psychosocial health of patients as well as health professionals. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Park JW, Dulin AJ, Needham BL, Sims M, Loucks EB, Fava JL, Dionne LA, Scarpaci MM, Eaton CB, Howe CJ. Examining Optimism, Psychosocial Risks, and Cardiovascular Health Using Life's Simple 7 Metrics in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Jackson Heart Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:788194. [PMID: 34977194 PMCID: PMC8714850 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.788194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimism has been shown to be positively associated with better cardiovascular health (CVH). However, there is a dearth of prospective studies showing the benefits of optimism on CVH, especially in the presence of adversities, i.e., psychosocial risks. This study examines the prospective relationship between optimism and CVH outcomes based on the Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics and whether multilevel psychosocial risks modify the aforementioned relationship. Methods: We examined self-reported optimism and CVH using harmonized data from two U.S. cohorts: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the relationship between optimism and CVH using LS7 among MESA participants (N = 3,520) and to examine the relationship of interest based on four biological LS7 metrics (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose) among JHS and MESA participants (N = 5,541). For all CVH outcomes, we assessed for effect measure modification by psychosocial risk. Results: Among MESA participants, the adjusted risk ratio (aRR) for ideal or intermediate CVH using LS7 comparing participants who reported high or medium optimism to those with the lowest level of optimism was 1.10 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.04-1.16] and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.99-1.11), respectively. Among MESA and JHS participants, the corresponding aRRs for having all ideal or intermediate (vs. no poor) metrics based on the four biological LS7 metrics were 1.05 (0.98-1.12) and 1.04 (0.97-1.11), respectively. The corresponding aRRs for having lower cardiovascular risk (0-1 poor metrics) based on the four biological LS7 metrics were 1.01 (0.98-1.03) and 1.01 (0.98-1.03), respectively. There was some evidence of effect modification by neighborhood deprivation for the LS7 outcome and by chronic stress for the ideal or intermediate (no poor) metrics outcome based on the four biological LS7 metrics. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that greater optimism is positively associated with better CVH based on certain LS7 outcomes among a racially/ethnically diverse study population. This relationship may be effect measure modified by specific psychosocial risks. Optimism shows further promise as a potential area for intervention on CVH. However, additional prospective and intervention studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Won Park
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Akilah J. Dulin
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Eric B. Loucks
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph L. Fava
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Laura A. Dionne
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Matthew M. Scarpaci
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles B. Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Chanelle J. Howe
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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de Castro MHM, Mendonça CR, Noll M, de Abreu Tacon FS, do Amaral WN. Psychosocial Aspects of Gestational Grief in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment: A Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413143. [PMID: 34948752 PMCID: PMC8701103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment without being able to become pregnant, and experiencing pregnancy loss after assisted reproduction, are triggering factors for prolonged grief and mourning. This review aims to investigate the psychosocial aspects of gestational grief among women who have undergone infertility treatment. We searched the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Lilacs for works published up to 5 March 2021. The outcomes analyzed were negative and positive psychosocial responses to gestational grief among women suffering from infertility and undergoing assisted human reproduction treatment. Eleven studies were included, which yielded 316 women experiencing infertility who were undergoing treatment. The most frequently reported negative psychosocial manifestations of grief response were depression (6/11, 54.5%), despair or loss of hope/guilt/anger (5/11, 45.5%), anxiety (4/11, 36.4%), frustration (3/11, 27.3%), and anguish/shock/suicidal thoughts/isolation (2/11, 18.2%). Positive psychosocial manifestations included the hope of becoming pregnant (4/6, 66.6%) and acceptance of infertility after attempting infertility treatment (2/6, 33.3%). We identified several negative and positive psychosocial responses to gestational grief in women experiencing infertility. Psychological support before, during, and after assisted human reproduction treatment is crucial for the management of psychosocial aspects that characterize the grief process of women experiencing infertility who become pregnant and who lose their pregnancy. Our results may help raise awareness of the area of grief among infertile women and promote policy development for the mental health of bereaved women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Herminia Mesquita de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (M.N.); (F.S.d.A.T.); (W.N.d.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.M.d.C.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Carolina Rodrigues Mendonça
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (M.N.); (F.S.d.A.T.); (W.N.d.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.M.d.C.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (M.N.); (F.S.d.A.T.); (W.N.d.A.)
- Campus Ceres, Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres 76300-000, Brazil
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Fernanda Sardinha de Abreu Tacon
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (M.N.); (F.S.d.A.T.); (W.N.d.A.)
| | - Waldemar Naves do Amaral
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, Brazil; (M.N.); (F.S.d.A.T.); (W.N.d.A.)
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Xu H, Stjernswärd S, Glasdam S. Psychosocial experiences of frontline nurses working in hospital-based settings during the COVID-19 pandemic - A qualitative systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2021; 3:100037. [PMID: 34308373 PMCID: PMC8285218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontline nurses have been directly exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and come in close contact with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses execute tasks related to disease control and face multiple psychosocial challenges in their frontline work, potentially affecting their mental well-being and ability to satisfyingly perform their tasks. OBJECTIVES To explore the psychosocial experiences of frontline nurses working in hospital-based settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN The qualitative systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021259111). DATA SOURCES Literature searches were performed through PubMed, CINAHL, and the WHO COVID-19 database. Inclusion criteria were: All types of nurses having direct contact with or taking care of patients; Primary, secondary, and tertiary health-care services admitting and treating COVID-19 patients; Experiences, perceptions, feelings, views in psychosocial aspects from the identified population group; Qualitative studies; Mixed methods studies; Language in English; Published date 2019-2021. Exclusion criteria were: Commentaries; Reviews; Discussion papers; Quantitative studies; Language other than English; Published in 2018 or earlier; Studies without an ethical approval and ethical statement. REVIEW METHODS The studies were screened and selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was conducted according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program qualitative study checklist. Data was extracted from included studies and a thematic synthesis was made. RESULTS A total of 28 studies were included in the review. The experiences of 1141 nurses from 12 countries were synthesised. Three themes were constructed: 'Nurses' emotional, mental and physical reactions to COVID-19', 'Internally and externally supported coping strategies', and 'A call for future help and support'. CONCLUSION Nurses working frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic have experienced psychological, social, and emotional distress in coping with work demands, social relationships, and their personal life. The results pointed to a need for increased psychological and social support for frontline nurses to cope with stress and maintain mental well-being, which may subsequently affect nursing care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxuan Xu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Stjernswärd
- Health-promoting Complex Interventions, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Margaretavägen 1 B, Lund S- 222 41, Sweden
| | - Stinne Glasdam
- Integrative Health Research, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Margaretavägen 1 B, Lund S- 222 41, Sweden
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Rugulies R, Sørensen K, Di Tecco C, Bonafede M, Rondinone BM, Ahn S, Ando E, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Cabello M, Descatha A, Dragano N, Durand-Moreau Q, Eguchi H, Gao J, Godderis L, Kim J, Li J, Madsen IEH, Pachito DV, Sembajwe G, Siegrist J, Tsuno K, Ujita Y, Wang J, Zadow A, Iavicoli S, Pega F. The effect of exposure to long working hours on depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106629. [PMID: 34144478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), supported by a large number of individual experts. Evidence from previous reviews suggests that exposure to long working hours may cause depression. In this article, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating (if feasible) the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from depression that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. OBJECTIVES We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories: 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on depression (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality). DATA SOURCES We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including the WHO International Clinical Trial Registers Platform, Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CISDOC and PsycInfo. We also searched grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference lists of previous systematic reviews; and consulted additional experts. STUDY ELIGIBILITY AND CRITERIA We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State but excluded children (aged <15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the effect of exposure to long working hours (41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35-40 h/week), on depression (prevalence, incidence and/or mortality). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. Missing data were requested from principal study authors. We combined odds ratios using random-effects meta-analysis. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias, quality of evidence and strength of evidence, using Navigation Guide and GRADE tools and approaches adapted to this project. RESULTS Twenty-two studies (all cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 109,906 participants (51,324 females) in 32 countries (as one study included multiple countries) in three WHO regions (Americas, Europe and Western Pacific). The exposure was measured using self-reports in all studies, and the outcome was assessed with a clinical diagnostic interview (four studies), interview questions about diagnosis and treatment of depression (three studies) or a validated self-administered rating scale (15 studies). The outcome was defined as incident depression in all 22 studies, with first time incident depression in 21 studies and recurrence of depression in one study. We did not identify any study on prevalence of depression or on mortality from depression. For the body of evidence for the outcome incident depression, we had serious concerns for risk of bias due to selection because of incomplete outcome data (most studies assessed depression only twice, at baseline and at a later follow-up measurement, and likely have missed cases of depression that occurred after baseline but were in remission at the time of the follow-up measurement) and due to missing information on life-time prevalence of depression before baseline measurement. Compared with working 35-40 h/week, we are uncertain about the effect on acquiring (or incidence of) depression of working 41-48 h/week (pooled odds ratio (OR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86 to 1.29, 8 studies, 49,392 participants, I2 46%, low quality of evidence); 49-54 h/week (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.21, 8 studies, 49,392 participants, I2 40%, low quality of evidence); and ≥ 55 h/week (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.24, 17 studies, 91,142 participants, I2 46%, low quality of evidence). Subgroup analyses found no evidence for statistically significant (P < 0.05) differences by WHO region, sex, age group and socioeconomic status. Sensitivity analyses found no statistically significant differences by outcome measurement (clinical diagnostic interview [gold standard] versus other measures) and risk of bias ("high"/"probably high" ratings in any domain versus "low"/"probably low" in all domains). CONCLUSIONS We judged the existing bodies of evidence from human data as "inadequate evidence for harmfulness" for all three exposure categories, 41-48, 48-54 and ≥55 h/week, for depression prevalence, incidence and mortality; the available evidence is insufficient to assess effects of the exposure. Producing estimates of the burden of depression attributable to exposure to long working appears not evidence-based at this point. Instead, studies examining the association between long working hours and risk of depression are needed that address the limitations of the current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kathrine Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Michela Bonafede
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Bruna M Rondinone
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Seoyeon Ahn
- National Pension Research Institute, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain.
| | - Alexis Descatha
- Univ Angers, CHU Angers, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-49000 Angers, France; AP-HP (Paris Hospital), Occupational Health Unit, Poincaré University Hospital, Garches, France; Inserm Versailles St-Quentin Univ - Paris Saclay Univ (UVSQ), UMS 011, UMR-S 1168, Villejuif, France.
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Quentin Durand-Moreau
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Hisashi Eguchi
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan; Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Knagawa, Japan.
| | - Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; KIR Department (Knowledge, Information & Research), IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
| | - Ida E H Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Grace Sembajwe
- Department of Occupational Medicine Epidemiology and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, New York, United States; Department of Environmental Occupational and Geospatial Sciences, CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Public Health, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, United States.
| | | | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Japan.
| | - Yuka Ujita
- Labour Administration, Labour Inspection and Occupational Safety and Health Branch, International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - JianLi Wang
- Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Amy Zadow
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Inail, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
| | - Frank Pega
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Koinig I, Diehl S. Healthy Leadership and Workplace Health Promotion as a Pre-Requisite for Organizational Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179260. [PMID: 34501849 PMCID: PMC8431400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Increasing stress levels at the workplace constitute a concerning organizational trend, challenging not only employees but also organizations alike, as it is in most instances associated with increasing workloads. In consequence, employees have started to demand that organizations begin to accept responsibility for their health and well-being. The present contribution seeks to investigate, to which extent individuals are able to deal with stress and whether their employers and respective supervisors (leaders) accept responsibility for their health, for instance, by leading by example. In addition, the existence and support generated by the organization in form of Workplace Health Promotion (WPHP) is inquired. (2) Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 40 (full and part-time) employees from two European countries were conducted. (3) Results: The study with employees from Austria and Germany (n = 40) confirmed that employees have started to recognize the potential of the workplace as an environment, where individual health can be enhanced. Yet, the results showed that only a few companies have already put some WPHP measures into practice. Likewise, the implementation of healthy leadership is rather limited to date. (4) Conclusions: At present, companies are still more likely to delegate responsibility for employee health and well-being to their staff, having not fully realized the potential of healthy leadership and organizational health promotion. There is great potential to increase WPHP measures on the employer side, through both healthy leadership and supporting WPHP measures.
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Caughey LE, Lensen S, White KM, Peate M. Disposition intentions of elective egg freezers toward their surplus frozen oocytes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1601-1619. [PMID: 34452749 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the disposition outcomes and disposition intentions of elective egg freezers (EEFs) toward their surplus frozen oocytes and the psychosocial determinants underlying these. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING Not applicable. PATIENT(S) Actual EEFs (women with oocytes in storage), potential EEFs (women investigating elective oocyte cryopreservation or about to freeze their oocytes), and women of reproductive age (women in the community aged ≥18 years). INTERVENTION(S) A systematic review was undertaken and electronically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO on the Ovid platform for conference abstracts and peer-reviewed articles, published in English after January 1, 2010. A search strategy combined synonyms for oocyte, cryopreservation, donation, disposition, elective, and attitude. Eligible studies assessed disposition outcomes (how an oocyte was disposed of) and disposition intentions (how women intend to dispose of an oocyte) and/or the psychosocial determinants underlying disposition outcomes and intentions. The Joanna Briggs Institute Prevalence Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A meta-analysis using random effects was applied to pool proportions of women with similar disposition intentions toward their oocytes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Disposition outcomes and intentions toward surplus frozen oocytes: donate to research; donate to others; discard; unsure. Psychosocial determinants (beliefs, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators) of disposition outcomes and intentions. RESULT(S) A total of 3,560 records were identified, of which 22 (17 studies) met the inclusion criteria (8 studies from Europe, 7 from North America, and 2 from Asia). No studies reported on past oocyte disposition outcomes. Seventeen studies reported on the future disposition intentions of 5,446 women. Only 2 of the 17 studies reported on the psychosocial determinants of oocyte disposition intentions. There was substantial heterogeneity in the pooled results, which was likely a result of the significant variation in methodology. Actual EEFs were included in eight studies (n = 873), of whom 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 44-63; I2, 87%) would donate surplus oocytes to research, 31% (95% CI, 23-40; I2, 72%) were unsure, 26% (95% CI, 17-38; I2, 92%) would donate to others, and 12% (95% CI, 6-21; I2, 88%) would discard their eggs. Psychosocial determinants: One study reported that 50% of these women were aware of friends and/or family having difficulty conceiving, which may have contributed to their willingness to donate to others. Potential EEFs were included in 4 studies (n = 645), of whom 38% (95% CI, 28-50; I2, 84%) would donate to research, 32% (95% CI, 17-51; I2, 91%) would donate to others, 29% (95% CI, 17-44; I2, 89%) would discard, and 7% (95% CI, 1-27; I2, 77%) were unsure. Psychosocial determinants: No studies. Women of reproductive age were included in 5 studies (n = 3,933), of whom 59% (95% CI, 48-70; I2, 97%) would donate to research and 46% (95% CI, 35-57; I2, 98%) would donate to others. "Unsure" and "discard" were not provided as response options. Psychosocial determinants: One study reported that the facilitators for donation to others included a family member or friend in need, to help others create a family, financial gain, to further science, and control or input over the selection of recipients. Barriers for donation included fear of having a biological child they do not know or who is raised by someone they know. CONCLUSION(S) No studies reported on the disposition outcomes of past EEFs. Disposition intentions varied across the three groups; however, "donating to research" was the most common disposition preference. Notably, the second disposition preference for one-third of actual EEFs was "unsure" and for one-third of potential EEFs was "donate to others." There were limited studies for actual and potential EEFs, and only two studies that explored the psychosocial determinants of oocyte disposition intentions. Additionally, these data suggest that disposition decisions change as women progress on their egg freezing journey, highlighting the importance of ongoing contact with the fertility team as intentions may change over time. More research is needed to understand the psychosocial determinants of oocyte disposition decisions so fertility clinics can provide EEFs with the support and information they need to make informed decisions about their stored eggs and reduce the level of uncertainty reported among EEFs and the potential risk of psychological distress and regret. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020202733.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Caughey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Level 7, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sarah Lensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Level 7, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Peate
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Level 7, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
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Gan DRY, Mahmood A, Routhier F, Mortenson WB. Walk/wheelability: An inclusive instrument-pair for participatory aging-friendly research and practice. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2021; 62:e39-e47. [PMID: 34164673 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent critical evaluations of age-friendly efforts have highlighted the need to prioritize the disenfranchised, including people with mobility limitations. This article examines the validity of a 13-item scale (SWAN13) to measure the "walk/wheelability" of street segments from the perspectives of people with mobility limitations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were drawn from preliminary studies of the Stakeholders' Walkability/Wheelability Audit in Neighborhoods (SWANaudit) which was conducted in two Canadian metropolitan areas. Sixty-one participants who use mobility devices (e.g., walkers, power wheelchairs) and older adults from community organizations audited 195 street segments. We factor analyzed the data from their audits. RESULTS SWAN13 has a one-factor structure. Thirteen items were retained from 85 SWANaudit items. SWAN13 encompassed both physical and social aspects of walk/wheelability. The alpha for the scale was .79. Convergent validity was found with the University of Alabama (UAB) Life-Space Assessment (rho=.22, p=.003), especially at the neighborhood level (rho=.23, p=.002). Significant correlation was also found with subjective assessments of a priori walk/wheelability domains (rho=.63, p<.001). DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Walk/wheelability affects the life space of older adults and people with mobility limitations. It is an important latent variable that should be addressed to promote well-being and social participation. SWAN13 may be used in city-wide surveys to identify neighborhoods that may require age-friendly interventions from mobility perspectives. Detailed audits and interventions may be carried out in tandem using the paired SWANaudit instrument. Walk/wheelability is an inclusive and measurable concept that accounts for the needs of people with various mobility needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Y Gan
- Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Atiya Mahmood
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Routhier
- Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Ben Mortenson
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Page AD, Elhayek N, Baylor C, Adams S, Jog M, Yorkston K. Exploring the Psychosocial Impact of Botulinum Toxin Type A Injections for Individuals With Oromandibular Dystonia: A Qualitative Study of Patients' Experiences. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:1314-1328. [PMID: 33647215 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the psychosocial impact of botulinum toxin (BoNT) injections for oromandibular dystonia (OMD) and to gain a better understanding of how participants judge the success of this treatment. Method Eight individuals with OMD and dysarthria participated in one face-to-face, semistructured interview. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative, phenomenological methods of coding, immersion, and emergence were used in the analysis of interview data. Results Two major themes and six subthemes emerged from the analysis of interview data. The first theme, Botox has changed me and my experiences, explored the participants' perspective of receiving BoNT injections and its psychosocial impact. The second theme, What communication is like for me, explored the psychosocial impact of BoNT on speech production and participation. Conclusions Our results suggest that BoNT has a variable impact on domains related to quality of life, satisfaction with treatment, speech production, and communicative participation. This study adds novel information related to the psychosocial consequences of BoNT treatment in the management of OMD and builds on a literature that studies the consequences and experiences of living with OMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson D Page
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Elhayek
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Baylor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Scott Adams
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandar Jog
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn Yorkston
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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Yeng PK, Szekeres A, Yang B, Snekkenes EA. Mapping the Psychosocialcultural Aspects of Healthcare Professionals' Information Security Practices: Systematic Mapping Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2021; 8:e17604. [PMID: 34106077 PMCID: PMC8235336 DOI: 10.2196/17604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data breaches in health care are on the rise, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach to mitigation efforts. Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework for modeling and analyzing health care professionals’ information security practices related to their individual characteristics, such as their psychological, social, and cultural traits. Methods The study area was a hospital setting under an ongoing project called the Healthcare Security Practice Analysis, Modeling, and Incentivization (HSPAMI) project. A literature review was conducted for relevant theories and information security practices. The theories and security practices were used to develop an ontology and a comprehensive framework consisting of psychological, social, cultural, and demographic variables. Results In the review, a number of psychological, social, and cultural theories were identified, including the health belief model, protection motivation theory, theory of planned behavior, and social control theory, in addition to some social demographic variables, to form a comprehensive set of health care professionals’ characteristics. Furthermore, an ontology was developed from these theories to systematically organize the concepts. The framework, called the psychosociocultural (PSC) framework, was then developed from the various combined psychological and sociocultural attributes of the ontology. The Human Aspect of Information Security Questionnaire was adopted as a comprehensive tool for gathering staff security practices as mediating variables in the framework. Conclusions Data breaches occur often in health care today. This frequency has been attributed to the lack of experience of health care professionals in information security, the lack of development of conscious care security practices, and the lack of motivation to incentivize health care professionals. The frequent data breaches in health care threaten the mutual trust between health care professionals and patients, which implicitly impacts the quality of the health care service. The modeling and analysis of health care professionals’ security practices can be conducted with the PSC framework by combining methods of statistical survey, observations, and interviews in relation to PSC variables, such as perceptions (perceived benefits, perceived threats, and perceived barriers) or psychological traits, social factors, cultural factors, and social demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper Kandabongee Yeng
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Adam Szekeres
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Bian Yang
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Einar Arthur Snekkenes
- Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
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Parent-Lamarche A, Boulet M. Workers' Stress During the First Lockdown: Consequences on Job Performance Analyzed With a Mediation Model. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:469-475. [PMID: 34048381 PMCID: PMC8168669 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sheds light on the pathways leading to an increase in workers stress levels and the resulting effects on job performance during a pandemic. METHODS Path analyses were conducted on a sample of 459 Canadian workers using MPlus software. These analyses allowed us to determine whether the association between potential stressors during lockdown and job performance was mediated by workers' stress. RESULTS The results revealed four significant indirect associations. Work-life balance dissatisfaction, gender (women), and marital tensions were indirectly associated with lower job performance because of their positive associations with stress. Teleworking was associated with higher job performance because of its negative association with stress. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that specific stressors are worth targeting with interventions to ensure job performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Parent-Lamarche
- Department of Human Resources Management, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada (Dr Parent-Lamarche); École nationale d'administration publique, 555, boul. Charest Est, Quebec, QC G1K 9E5, Canada (Dr Boulet)
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Gjestvang C, Abrahamsen F, Stensrud T, Haakstad LAH. What Makes Individuals Stick to Their Exercise Regime? A One-Year Follow-Up Study Among Novice Exercisers in a Fitness Club Setting. Front Psychol 2021; 12:638928. [PMID: 34122230 PMCID: PMC8194699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives A fitness club may be an important arena to promote regular exercise. However, authors have reported low attendance rates (10 to 37%) the first months after individuals sign up for membership. It is therefore important to understand the reasons for poor exercise adherence. In this project, we aimed to investigate different psychosocial factors that might increase the likelihood of reporting regular exercise the first year of a fitness club membership, including self-efficacy, motives, social support, life satisfaction, and customer satisfaction. Methods New members (≤4 weeks membership, n = 250) classified as novice exercisers (exercise < 60 min/week the last 6 months) from 25 multipurpose gyms were followed for 1 year. Data were collected by an electronic survey including background and health factors, self-efficacy, social support, life satisfaction, motives, customer satisfaction, and exercise attendance, and was answered at start-up and after three (n = 224), six (n = 213), and 12 (n = 187) months. It is well established in the literature that ≥2 exercise sessions/week improve physical fitness in novice exercisers (if adhered to). Hence, we divided the participants into regular exercise attendance (≥2 sessions/week) and non-regular exercise attendance (≤1 session/week, exercise dropout, or membership dropout) in the analysis. Results A mixed-effects logistic regression model revealed that the strongest predictor for reporting regular exercise attendance was higher levels of the motive “enjoyment” (OR = 1.84, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI for OR = 1.35, 2.50), followed by self-efficacy “sticking to it” (OR = 1.73, p = 0.002, 95% CI for OR = 1.22, 2.46) and social support from friends and family (OR = 1.16, p ≤ 0.001, 95% CI for OR = 1.09, 1.23). Conclusion In novice exercisers, regular exercise at three, six, and 12 months was associated with higher scores of the motive “enjoyment,” self-efficacy (“sticking to it”), and social support compared with non-regular exercise. Our results show that the majority of new fitness club members do not achieve regular exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gjestvang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Abrahamsen
- Department of Sport and Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene A H Haakstad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Caleyachetty R, Stafford M, Cooper R, Anderson EL, Howe LD, Cosco TD, Kuh D, Hardy R. Exposure to multiple childhood social risk factors and adult body mass index trajectories from ages 20 to 64 years. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:385-390. [PMID: 33462607 PMCID: PMC8599879 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While childhood social risk factors appear to be associated with adult obesity, it is unclear whether exposure to multiple childhood social risk factors is associated with accelerated weight gain during adulthood. METHODS We used the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, a British population-based birth cohort study of participants born in 1946, height and weight were measured by nurses at ages 36, 43, 53 and 60-64 and self-reported at 20 and 26 years. The 9 childhood socioeconomic risk factors and 8 binary childhood psychosocial risk factors were measured, with 13 prospectively measured at age 4 years (or at 7 or 11 years if missing) and 3 were recalled when participants were age 43. Multilevel modelling was used to examine the association between the number of childhood social risk factors and changes in body mass index (BMI) with age. RESULTS Increasing exposure to a higher number of childhood socioeconomic risk factors was associated with higher mean BMI across adulthood for both sexes and with a faster increase in BMI from 20 to 64 years, among women but not men. Associations remained after adjustment for adult social class. There was no evidence of an association between exposure to childhood psychosocial risk factors and mean BMI in either sex at any age. CONCLUSIONS Strategies for the prevention and management of weight gain across adulthood may need to tailor interventions in consideration of past exposure to multiple socioeconomic disadvantages experienced during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Caleyachetty
- Nuffield Department of Population Health (NDPH), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
- Correspondence: Rishi Caleyachetty, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1865 743660, e-mail:
| | - Mai Stafford
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
- The Health Foundation, London, UK
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura D Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Theodore D Cosco
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
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Kajeepeta S, Mauro PM, Keyes KM, El-Sayed AM, Rutherford CG, Prins SJ. Association between county jail incarceration and cause-specific county mortality in the USA, 1987-2017: a retrospective, longitudinal study. Lancet Public Health 2021; 6:e240-e248. [PMID: 33636104 PMCID: PMC8054445 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass incarceration has collateral consequences for community health, which are reflected in county-level health indicators, including county mortality rates. County jail incarceration rates are associated with all-cause mortality rates in the USA. We assessed the causes of death that drive the relationship between county-level jail incarceration and mortality. METHODS In this retrospective, longitudinal study, we assessed the association between county-level jail incarceration rates and county-level cause-specific mortality using county jail incarceration data (1987-2017) for 1094 counties in the USA obtained from the Vera Institute of Justice and cause-specific mortality data for individuals younger than 75 years in the total county population (1988-2018) obtained from the US National Vital Statistics System. We fitted quasi-Poisson models for nine common causes of death (cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, diabetes, heart disease, infectious disease, malignant neoplasm, substance use, suicide, and unintentional injury) with county fixed effects, controlling for all unmeasured stable county characteristics and measured time-varying confounders (county median age, county poverty rate, county percentage of Black residents, county crime rate, county unemployment rate, and state incarceration rate). We lagged county jail incarceration rates by 1 year to assess the short-term, by 5 years to assess the medium-term, and by 10 years to assess the long-term associations of jail incarceration with premature mortality. FINDINGS A 1 per 1000 within-county increase in jail incarceration rate was associated with a 6·5% increase in mortality from infectious diseases (risk ratio 1·065, 95% CI 1·061-1·070), a 4·9% increase in mortality from chronic lower respiratory disease (1·049, 1·045-1·052), a 2·6% increase in mortality induced from substance use (1·026, 1·020-1·032), a 2·5% increase in suicide mortality (1·025, 1·020-1·029), and smaller increases in mortality from heart disease (1·021, 1·019-1·023), unintentional injury (1·015, 1·011-1·018), malignant neoplasm (1·014, 1·013-1·016), diabetes (1·013, 1·009-1·018), and cerebrovascular disease (1·010, 1·007-1·013) after 1 year. Associations between jail incarceration and cause-specific mortality rates weakened as time lags increased, but to a greater extent for causes of death with generally shorter latency periods (infectious disease and suicide) than for those with generally longer latency periods (heart disease, malignant neoplasm, and cerebrovascular disease). INTERPRETATION Jail incarceration rates are potential drivers of many causes of death in US counties. Jail incarceration can be harmful not only to the health of individuals who are incarcerated, but also to public health more broadly. Our findings suggest important points of intervention, including disinvestment from carceral systems and investment in social and public health services, such as community-based treatment of substance-use disorders. FUNDING US National Institute on Drug Abuse (National Institutes of Health).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kajeepeta
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Pia M Mauro
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine M Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdulrahman M El-Sayed
- Department of Criminal Justice and Department of Public Health, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caroline G Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth J Prins
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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Chronic environmental contamination: A narrative review of psychosocial health consequences, risk factors, and pathways to community resilience. Soc Sci Med 2021; 276:113877. [PMID: 33812158 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A body of psychological and social scientific evidence suggests that the experience of technological disaster or long-term exposure to environmental contamination can be psychologically stressful. Addressing the psychosocial impact in communities living with chronic contamination is therefore a vital part of improving their resilience. Guided by a synthetic theoretical model of the unique psychosocial impact of chronic environmental contamination (in contrast to natural and technological disasters, and background pollution), we undertook a narrative review to assess the current research on this important social problem. Relevant qualitative peer-reviewed studies and grey literature were examined to derive a model identifying likely factors increasing risk for distress in chronic contamination experience and actions that may be taken by public health professionals and local leaders to enhance community resilience and take health-protective actions. Based on our initial theoretical model and the literature reviewed, we emphasize the importance of considering both the material and social dimensions of chronic environmental contamination experience. For instance, our review of the qualitative literature suggests that individuals who attribute material health impacts to contamination, and who have the social experience of their concerns being delegitimized by responsible institutions, are most at risk for psychological stress. Psychological stress in the context of chronic contamination is an important potential public health burden and a key area for additional research.
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Barghadouch A, Norredam M. Psychosocial Responses to Healthcare: A Study on Asylum-Seeking Families' Experiences in Denmark. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:551-555. [PMID: 33759026 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Much work has gone into unpacking the range of individual, interpersonal and structural barriers that prevent asylum-seekers from accessing healthcare. In this Brief Communication, we disentangle asylum-seeking families' psychosocial responses when accessing healthcare as crucial dimensions of the access experience. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 11 asylum-seeking families in Denmark, we present examples from three specific healthcare encounters between families and healthcare professionals in the Danish asylum system. We demonstrate how unfamiliarity with the healthcare system, interpersonal miscommunication and cultural insensitivity among professionals evoke specific emotions that undermine participants' trust in the healthcare system and affect their future motivation for healthcare seeking and ultimately also their healthcare seeking behavior. We argue for an urgent need to recognize the pivotal role of such psychosocial responses in shaping healthcare access for asylum-seeking families. Focusing on these responses is an important next step in overcoming barriers in access to healthcare, which have been described in literature for years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Barghadouch
- Department of Public Health, Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health (MESU), Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marie Norredam
- Department of Public Health, Research Centre for Migration, Ethnicity and Health (MESU), Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Egan M, Abba K, Barnes A, Collins M, McGowan V, Ponsford R, Scott C, Halliday E, Whitehead M, Popay J. Building collective control and improving health through a place-based community empowerment initiative: qualitative evidence from communities seeking agency over their built environment. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2020.1851654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Egan
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Katherine Abba
- Division of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Barnes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michelle Collins
- Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vicki McGowan
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ruth Ponsford
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Courtney Scott
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Halliday
- Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Margaret Whitehead
- Division of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennie Popay
- Department of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Sulley S, Bayssie M. Social Determinants of Health: An Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated With Inpatient Presentations in the United States. Cureus 2021; 13:e13287. [PMID: 33728220 PMCID: PMC7955789 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are socioeconomic indicators that directly or indirectly impact individual and community health outcomes. The distribution of most of these indicators within communities can be traced to public policies. These public policies often lead to diverse inequities with varying impacts on communities across the country. The inequities that arise because of specific public policies can be associated with increased risk factors and poor health outcomes among communities at high risk for these indicators. This study examined inpatient hospitalization and SDoH indicators that put individuals at risk of poor health outcomes. We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) databases 2012-2014 and 2016-2017 through the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). The NIS datasets are de-identified to ensure patients' privacy. The HCUP-NIS dataset is a well-established sizable all-payer inpatient dataset for national estimates. It includes primary, secondary inpatient diagnoses as well as demographic information. SDoH indicators were identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), versions 9 and 10 diagnosis codes. The relationship between SDoH indicators such as housing, psychosocial, healthcare access, upbringing, unemployment, social factors, gender, race, income, region, payer, age group, mortality, and severity was evaluated in a regression analysis. A total of 3,002,557 (2012-2014) and 1,254,899 (2016-2017) cases were included in this study. Mental diseases (p < 0.001) were high between 2012-2014 (OR 18.8, 95% CI 18.20-19.42) and 2016-2017 (OR 4.11, 95% CI 3.99-4.23). Native Americans had odds of presentation (p < 0.001) with SDoH indicator between 2012-2014 (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12-1.18) and 2016-2017 (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.70-1.79). The odds of presentation among long income group were high compared to other income categories (p < 0.001) between 2012-2014 (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.15-1.16) and 2016-2017 (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.28-1.32). In conclusion, disparities, severity, and mortality risk at presentation were high among minority communities, males, and low-income demographics across all regions of United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Saanie Sulley
- Health Informatics, National Healthy Start Association, Washington DC, USA
| | - Mathios Bayssie
- Emergency Medicine, Southern Tennessee Regional Health System, Nashville, USA
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