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Thieleking R, Schneidewind L, Kanyamibwa A, Hartmann H, Horstmann A, Witte AV, Medawar E. Nutrient scoring for the DEGS1-FFQ - from food intake to nutrient intake. BMC Nutr 2023; 9:12. [PMID: 36639712 PMCID: PMC9837986 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While necessary for studying dietary decision-making or public health, estimates of nutrient supply based on self-reported food intake are barely accessible or fully lacking and remain a challenge in human research. In particular, detailed information on dietary fiber is limited. In this study we introduce an automated openly available approach to assess self-reported nutrient intake for research purposes for a popular, validated German food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). METHODS To this end, we i) developed and shared a code for assessing nutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein, sugar, fiber, etc.) for 53 items of the quantitative, validated German DEGS1-FFQ questionnaire implementing expert-guided nutritional values of diverse sources with several raters. In a sample of individuals (nGUT-BRAIN = 61 (21 female) overweight, omnivorous), we ii) cross-validated nutrient intake of the last 7 days and the last 24 h and iii) computed test-retest reliability across two timepoints. Further, iv) we reported newly computed nutrient intake for two independent cross-sectional cohorts with continuous weight status and different dietary habits (nMensa = 134 (79 female, 1 diverse), nGREADT = 76 male). Exploratively, we v) correlated computed, energy-adjusted nutrient intake with anthropometric markers and HbA1c and vi) used linear mixed models to analyse the predictability of BMI and WHR by nutrient intake. RESULTS In overweight adults (n = 61 (21 female), mean age 28.2 ± 6.5 years, BMI 27.4 ± 1.6 kg/m2) nutrient intakes were mostly within recommended reference nutrient ranges for both last 7 days and last 24 h. Recommended fiber intake was not reached and sugar intake was surpassed. Calculated energy intake was significantly higher from last 24 h than from last 7 days but energy-adjusted nutrient intakes did not differ between those timeframes. Reliability of nutrient values between last 7 days and 24 h per visit was moderate (Pearson's rhoall ≥ 0.33, rhomax = 0.62) and absolute agreement across two timepoints was low to high for 7 days (Pearson's rhomin = 0.12, rhomax = 0.64,) and low to moderate for 24 h (Pearson's rhomin = 0.11, rhomax = 0.45). Associations of dietary components to anthropometric markers showed distinct sex differences, with overall higher intake by males compared to females and only females presenting a negative association of BMI with fiber intake. Lastly, in the overweight sample (but not when extending the analysis to a wider BMI range of 18.6-36.4 kg/m2), we could confirm that higher BMI was predicted by lower energy-adjusted fiber intake and higher energy-adjusted fat intake (when adjusting for age, sex and physical activity) while higher WHR was predicted by higher energy intake. CONCLUSION We provide an openly available tool to systematically assess nutrient intake, including fiber, based on self-report by a common German FFQ. The computed nutrient scores resembled overall plausible and reliable measures of nutrient intake given the known limitations of FFQs regarding over- or underreporting and suggest valid comparability when adjusting for energy intake. Our open code nutrient scoring can help to examine dietary intake in experimental studies, including dietary fiber, and can be readily adapted to other FFQs. Further validation of computed nutrients with biomarkers and nutrient-specific metabolites in serum, urine or feces will help to interpret self-reported dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Thieleking
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lennard Schneidewind
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arsene Kanyamibwa
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hendrik Hartmann
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annette Horstmann
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.411339.d0000 0000 8517 9062Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- grid.419524.f0000 0001 0041 5028Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Shah YA, Saeed F, Afzaal M, Ahmad A, Hussain M, Ateeq H, Khan MH. Biochemical & nutritional properties of wheat bulgur: a review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Hassan Khan
- Department of Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
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Waddell IS, Orfila C. Dietary fiber in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases: From epidemiological evidence to potential molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8752-8767. [PMID: 35471164 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a mostly preventable diet-related disease and currently a major challenge for human populations worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor for diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and certain cancers. Dietary fiber is a complex mixture of non-digestible molecules, mostly polysaccharides. Multiple epidemiological studies have demonstrated statistically significant reductions in risks of obesity, T2DM, CVD, colorectal cancer, and pre-menopausal breast cancer with higher dietary fiber intakes. Various direct and indirect mechanisms have been proposed including altered digestion and absorption, stimulation of gut hormones including glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), reduced appetite, and altered metabolism of bile and cholesterol. These may act via pathways involving G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and aromatase enzymes. Ultimately, fiber intake contributes to improving glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, lowering risk of T2DM, CVD and certain cancers. Therefore, diets rich in dietary fiber should be encouraged to prevent obesity and associated chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Skye Waddell
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Li N, Guo X, Sun C, Lowe S, Su W, Song Q, Wang H, Liang Q, Liang M, Ding X, Qu G, Ma S, Liu H, Sun Y. Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with a lower risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutr Res 2022; 100:70-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ramadoss DP, Sivalingam N. Vanillin extracted from proso and barnyard millets induces cell cycle inhibition and apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cell line. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1425-1433. [PMID: 34916373 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1128_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Context Consuming whole grain food has been motivated due to numerous health benefits arising from their bioactive components. Aims This study aims to study whether the active compound extracted from Proso and Barnyard millets inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cell line. Materials and Methods Cell proliferative effect was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using MCF-7 cell line. Cytotoxicity was determined by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme from cells. Apoptotic morphological changes in MCF-7 cells were observe under fluorescence microscope using double staining of Hoeschst 33342/propidium iodide (PI). Induction of apoptosis was analyzed using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/PI through flow cytometry. Results In this study, cell proliferative effect of the bioactive compounds from proso millet (Compound 1) and barnyard millet (Compound 2) was evaluated using MCF-7 cell line. Both the compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells after treated with 250 μg/ml and 1000 μg/ml concentration for 48 h. Cytotoxic activity of compounds was assessed by the release of LDH showed that these extracted compounds were not toxic to the cells. Apoptosis was confirmed by Hoechst 33,342/PI dual-staining, Annexin V-FTIC/PI staining, and flow cytometry results of cell cycle analysis shows that there was a significant cell arrest in the G0/G1 phase and increased the apoptotic cells in sub-G0 phase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions This study suggests that the extracted vanillin compound from these millets have effectively induced apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Priya Ramadoss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nageswaran Sivalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hosseini F, Shab-Bidar S, Ghanbari M, Majdi M, Sheikhhossein F, Imani H. Food Quality Score and Risk of Breast Cancer among Iranian Women: Findings from a Case Control Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1660-1669. [PMID: 34323136 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1957136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The quality of foods we consume may be an important risk factor for breast cancer (BrCa); however, relations between quality of food metrics and BrCa risk have not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food quality score (FQS) by assessing the intake of healthy and unhealthy food and the odds of (BrCa) among Iranian women. This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 150 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past three months and 150 healthy controls that were age-match from the Cancer Research Center, Imam Khomeini hospital, Iran. Participants were interviewed to obtain data relating to diet (using a 147-item validated FFQ) and BrCa risk factors. We found a significant association between adherence to the FQS and odds of breast cancer in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.58; P = 0.04) and in premenopausal women in the fully adjusted model (OR: 0.45; P = 0.02); however, we did not observe any association between postmenopausal women in the adjusted model (OR: 0.76; P = 0.5). We also failed to observe any association between healthy (p = 0.3) and unhealthy subgroups (p = 0.3) of FQS. Our findings suggest that adherence to FQS may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in crude and adjusted models in overall and premenopausal women. However, we did not see any association between FQS and BrCa risk in postmenopausal women. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1957136 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Ghanbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Majdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Aivaliotis G, Palczewski J, Atkinson R, Cade JE, Morris MA. A comparison of time to event analysis methods, using weight status and breast cancer as a case study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14058. [PMID: 34234154 PMCID: PMC8263588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival analysis with cohort study data has been traditionally performed using Cox proportional hazards models. Random survival forests (RSFs), a machine learning method, now present an alternative method. Using the UK Women's Cohort Study (n = 34,493) we evaluate two methods: a Cox model and an RSF, to investigate the association between Body Mass Index and time to breast cancer incidence. Robustness of the models were assessed by cross validation and bootstraping. Histograms of bootstrap coefficients are reported. C-Indices and Integrated Brier Scores are reported for all models. In post-menopausal women, the Cox model Hazard Ratios (HR) for Overweight (OW) and Obese (O) were 1.25 (1.04, 1.51) and 1.28 (0.98, 1.68) respectively and the RSF Odds Ratios (OR) with partial dependence on menopause for OW and O were 1.34 (1.31, 1.70) and 1.45 (1.42, 1.48). HR are non-significant results. Only the RSF appears confident about the effect of weight status on time to event. Bootstrapping demonstrated Cox model coefficients can vary significantly, weakening interpretation potential. An RSF was used to produce partial dependence plots (PDPs) showing OW and O weight status increase the probability of breast cancer incidence in post-menopausal women. All models have relatively low C-Index and high Integrated Brier Score. The RSF overfits the data. In our study, RSF can identify complex non-proportional hazard type patterns in the data, and allow more complicated relationships to be investigated using PDPs, but it overfits limiting extrapolation of results to new instances. Moreover, it is less easily interpreted than Cox models. The value of survival analysis remains paramount and therefore machine learning techniques like RSF should be considered as another method for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Aivaliotis
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, NW1 2DB, UK
| | - Jan Palczewski
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rebecca Atkinson
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michelle A Morris
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
- Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, NW1 2DB, UK.
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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8
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Donin AS, Nightingale CM, Perkin MR, Ussher M, Jebb SA, Landberg R, Welsh P, Sattar N, Adab P, Owen CG, Rudnicka AR, Cook DG, Whincup PH. Evaluating an Intervention to Increase Cereal Fiber Intake in Children: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. J Nutr 2020; 151:379-386. [PMID: 33296467 PMCID: PMC7849987 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that higher cereal fiber intake is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk. However, it remains uncertain whether this association is causal. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the feasibility of an intervention to increase cereal fiber intake in children using breakfast cereals. METHODS The study was a 2-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial in 9-10-y-old children, who received free supplies of high-fiber breakfast cereals (>3.5 g/portion) or low-fiber breakfast cereals (<1.0 g/portion) to eat daily for 1 mo with behavioral support to promote adherence. Children provided baseline and 1-mo fasting blood samples, physical measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls. The primary outcome was the group difference in change in plasma total alkylresorcinol (AR) concentration; secondary outcomes were group differences in nutrient intakes and adiposity indices. Analyses (complete case and multiple imputation) were conducted by regressing the final AR concentration on baseline AR in models adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, and school (random effect). RESULTS Two-hundred seventy-two children were randomly assigned (137 receiving a low-fiber and 135 a high-fiber diet) and 193 (71%) provided fasting blood samples at baseline and follow-up. Among randomized participants, median (IQR) of baseline AR was 43.1 (24.6-85.5) nmol/L and of cereal fiber intake was 4.5 (2.7-6.4) g; 87% of participants reported consuming the cereal on most or all days. Compared with changes in the low-fiber group, the high-fiber group had greater increases in AR (40.7 nmol/L; 95% CI: 21.7, 59.8 nmol/L, P < 0.0001) and in reported cereal fiber intake (2.9g/d; 95% CI: 2.0, 3.7 g; P < 0.0001). There were no appreciable differences in other secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a simple and acceptable nutritional intervention that increases markers of daily cereal fiber intake in children. This intervention could be used to test whether increases in cereal fiber intake in children might reduce insulin resistance. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN33260236.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Perkin
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ussher
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom,Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Welsh
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peymane Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek G Cook
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Farvid MS, Spence ND, Holmes MD, Barnett JB. Fiber consumption and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Cancer 2020; 126:3061-3075. [PMID: 32249416 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between fiber intake and breast cancer risk have been evaluated in prospective studies, but overall, the evidence is inconsistent. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies to investigate the relation between intake of total and types of fiber with breast cancer incidence. METHODS The MEDLINE and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases were searched through July 2019 for prospective studies that reported on the association between fiber consumption and incident breast cancer. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated comparing the highest versus the lowest category of total and types of fiber consumption, using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS The authors identified 17 cohort studies, 2 nested case-control studies, and 1 clinical trial study. Total fiber consumption was associated with an 8% lower risk of breast cancer (comparing the highest versus the lowest category, pooled RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.88-0.95 [I2 = 12.6%]). Soluble fiber was found to be significantly inversely associated with risk of breast cancer (pooled RR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.84-0.96; I2 = 12.6%]) and insoluble fiber was found to be suggestively inversely associated with risk of breast cancer (pooled RR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.86-1.00; I2 = 33.4%]). Higher total fiber intake was associated with a lower risk of both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers (pooled RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.67-0.99; I2 = 35.2%] and pooled RR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.88-0.95; I2 = 0.0%], respectively). Furthermore, the authors observed a nonsignificant inverse association between intake of total fiber and risk of both estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative breast cancers. CONCLUSIONS A random-effects meta-analysis of prospective observational studies demonstrated that high total fiber consumption was associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. This finding was consistent for soluble fiber as well as for women with premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Farvid
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicholas D Spence
- Department of Sociology and Interdisciplinary Center for Health and Society, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle D Holmes
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Junaidah B Barnett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Eslami-S Z, Majidzadeh-A K, Halvaei S, Babapirali F, Esmaeili R. Microbiome and Breast Cancer: New Role for an Ancient Population. Front Oncol 2020; 10:120. [PMID: 32117767 PMCID: PMC7028701 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many risk factors associated with breast cancer (BC) such as the familial history of BC, using hormone replacement therapy, obesity, personal habits, and other clinical factors; however, not all BC cases are attributed to these risk factors. Recent researches show a correlation between patient microbiome and BC suggested as a new risk factor. The present review article aimed at evaluating the role of the microbiome as a risk factor in the occurrence of BC, investigating the proposed mechanisms of interaction between the microbiome and human genes involved in BC, and assessing the impact of the altered composition of breast, gut, and milk microbiome in the physiological status of normal breast as well as cancerous or non-cancerous breast lesions. The study also evaluated the growing evidence that these altered populations may hinder chemotherapeutic treatment. The role of microbiome in the development and maintenance of inflammation, estrogen metabolism, and epigenetic alterations was properly investigated. Finally, clinical and therapeutic applications of the microbiome- e.g., probiotics, microbiome genome modulation, and engineered microbiome enzymes in the management of BC were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslami-S
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Halvaei
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babapirali
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,University of Science and Culture, Basic Science and Advanced Technologies in Biology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Esmaeili
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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LOVEGROVE A, KOSIK O, BANDONILL E, ABILGOS-RAMOS R, ROMERO M, SREENIVASULU N, SHEWRY P. Improving Rice Dietary Fibre Content and Composition for Human Health. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:S48-S50. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.s48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ondrej KOSIK
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research
| | | | | | | | - Nese SREENIVASULU
- Strategic Innovation Platform, Grain Quality and Nutrition Centre, IRRI
| | - Peter SHEWRY
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research
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12
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Breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women: role of the Mediterranean diet and its components. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:19-32. [PMID: 31571551 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a growing public health concern in most developed and developing countries. Since an increasing number of patients with BC are diagnosed before the menopause and premenopausal women show a more aggressive phenotype, there is consistent interest in promoting prevention strategies in order to reduce the incidence of BC in the premenopause. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been reported to have beneficial effect in terms of cancer prevention. This healthy dietary pattern consists primarily of foods having important antioxidant properties along with a favourable fatty acid profile, all associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Due to the large variability in study subject characteristics, the protective role of the MD on BC still remains controversial and studies that have investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC in premenopausal women are fewer than those in postmenopausal women. In addition, the possibility that the beneficial effects of the MD are due to a single component or might more probably derive from the synergic effects of all components of the MD remains a scantly explored field. Considering the increased risk of recurrence and mortality rate of BC in premenopausal women as compared with postmenopausal women, the aim of the present report is to provide a general overview of the current evidence on the relationship between BC and the MD specifically in premenopausal women, and to emphasise the potential role of the MD as an effective measure to reduce the risk of developing BC in premenopausal women.
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Long-Term Whole Grain Wheat and Rye Intake Reflected by Adipose Tissue Alkylresorcinols and Breast Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020465. [PMID: 30813337 PMCID: PMC6412439 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grain rye (WGR) and whole grain wheat (WGW) have been suggested to protect against the development of breast cancer. In this study, we estimated long-term intake of WGR and WGW, using both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and alkylresorcinol concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies, in relation to the risk of developing invasive breast cancer in a case-cohort study (n = 414 in the case group, n = 933 in the subcohort group) on the Danish “Diet, Cancer and Health” cohort. The median follow-up time of the subcohort was 5.3 years. Total WGR and WGW intake estimated with FFQ or reflected by total alkylresorcinol concentration in adipose tissue was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer. However, after adjustment for total WGR and WGW intake, women in the highest quartile of relative WGR intake, reflected by the alkylresorcinol C17:0/C21:0 ratio, had a higher risk of overall breast cancer and estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer than women in the lowest quartile of relative WGR intake, while the risk of estrogen-receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer incidence was unaffected. Similar results were obtained with the FFQ data. Based on these data, further investigation of the role of specific grain types in reducing or increasing breast cancer risk, and their overall impact on health, is warranted.
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Noorwali E, Hardie L, Cade J. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Their Polyphenol Content Are Inversely Associated with Sleep Duration: Prospective Associations from the UK Women's Cohort Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1803. [PMID: 30463296 PMCID: PMC6266198 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prospective associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes and their polyphenol content with subsequent sleep duration in UK women. In this study, 13,958 women with ~4 years of follow-up in the UK Women's Cohort Study were included in the analyses. FV intakes were assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and average hours of sleep per day were self-reported in follow-up. Polyphenol intake was calculated by matching FV items from the FFQ with the Phenol-Explorer database. Linear regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used for the analyses. Consuming an additional portion of apples, kiwi, oranges, pineapple, and 100% pure juice were associated with shorter sleep. Similarly, an additional portion of cabbage, celery, aubergine, olives, and peppers were inversely associated with sleep duration. An additional gram of total polyphenols was associated with shorter sleep by 18 min (99% CI -31 to -4, p < 0.001). FV consumption and total polyphenol content were inversely associated with sleep duration; however, effect sizes were small, and polyphenol classes from FV intakes were not associated with sleep duration. Future intervention studies considering the time of FV consumption in relation to sleep are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essra Noorwali
- Nutrition Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Laura Hardie
- Division of Clinical and Population Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Janet Cade
- Nutrition Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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15
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Dunneram Y, Greenwood DC, Burley VJ, Cade JE. Dietary intake and age at natural menopause: results from the UK Women's Cohort Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:733-740. [PMID: 29712719 PMCID: PMC6204950 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age at natural menopause is a matter of concern for women of reproductive age as both an early or late menopause may have implications for health outcomes. METHODS Study participants were women aged 40-65 years who had experienced a natural menopause from the UK Women's Cohort Study between baseline and first follow-up. Natural menopause was defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods for at least 12 consecutive months. A food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate diet at baseline. Reproductive history of participants was also recorded. Regression modelling, adjusting for confounders, was used to assess associations between diet and age at natural menopause. RESULTS During the 4-year follow-up period, 914 women experienced a natural menopause. A high intake of oily fish and fresh legumes were associated with delayed onset of natural menopause by 3.3 years per portion/day (99% CI 0.8 to 5.8) and 0.9 years per portion/day (99% CI 0.0 to 1.8), respectively. Refined pasta and rice was associated with earlier menopause (per portion/day: -1.5 years, 99% CI -2.8 to -0.2). A higher intake of vitamin B6 (per mg/day: 0.6 years, 99% CI 0.1 to 1.2) and zinc (per mg/day: 0.3 years, 99% CI -0.0 to 0.6) was also associated with later age at menopause. Stratification by age at baseline led to attenuated results. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that some food groups (oily fish, fresh legumes, refined pasta and rice) and specific nutrients are individually predictive of age at natural menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashvee Dunneram
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Victoria J Burley
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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16
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McRae MP. The Benefits of Dietary Fiber Intake on Reducing the Risk of Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses. J Chiropr Med 2018; 17:90-96. [PMID: 30166965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcm.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to review previously published meta-analyses on the effectiveness of dietary fiber on reducing the incidence of cancer. Methods An umbrella review of all published meta-analyses was performed. A PubMed search from January 1, 1980 to June 30, 2017 was conducted using the following search strategy: (fiber OR fibre) AND (meta-analysis OR systematic review) AND (cancer OR carcinoma). Only English-language publications that provided quantitative statistical analysis on cancer were retrieved. Results Nineteen meta-analyses comparing highest vs lowest dietary fiber intake were retrieved for inclusion in this umbrella review. There was a statistically significant reduction in the relative risk (RR) of colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer (RR = 0.52-0.88); however, statistically significant heterogeneity was observed in the meta-analyses on esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer. There was a statistically significant reduction in the RR of breast cancer (RR = 0.85-0.93). Conclusion This review suggests that those consuming the highest amounts of dietary fiber may benefit from a reduction in the incidence of developing colorectal cancer, and there also appears to be a small reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P McRae
- Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois
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17
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Sangaramoorthy M, Koo J, John EM. Intake of bean fiber, beans, and grains and reduced risk of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2131-2144. [PMID: 29573201 PMCID: PMC5943543 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High dietary fiber intake has been associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but few studies considered tumor subtypes defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status or included racial/ethnic minority populations who vary in their fiber intake. We analyzed food frequency data from a population-based case-control study, including 2135 breast cancer cases (1070 Hispanics, 493 African Americans, and 572 non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs)) and 2571 controls (1391 Hispanics, 557 African Americans, and 623 NHWs). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for breast cancer associated with fiber intake were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Breast cancer risk associated with high intake (high vs. low quartile) of bean fiber (p-trend = 0.01), total beans (p-trend = 0.03), or total grains (p-trend = 0.05) was reduced by 20%. Inverse associations were strongest for ER-PR- breast cancer, with risk reductions associated with high intake ranging from 28 to 36%. For bean fiber, risk was reduced among foreign-born Hispanics only, who had the highest fiber intake, whereas for grain intake, inverse associations were found among NHWs only. There was no evidence of association with fiber intake from vegetables and fruits or total intake of vegetables and fruits. A high dietary intake of bean fiber and fiber-rich foods such as beans and grains may lower the risk of ER-PR- breast cancer, an aggressive breast cancer subtype for which few risk factors have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocelyn Koo
- Cancer Prevention Institute of CaliforniaFremontCalifornia94538
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of CaliforniaFremontCalifornia94538
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) and Stanford Cancer InstituteStanford University School of Medicine StanfordStanfordCalifornia94305
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18
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Chen S, Chen Y, Ma S, Zheng R, Zhao P, Zhang L, Liu Y, Yu Q, Deng Q, Zhang K. Dietary fibre intake and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80980-80989. [PMID: 27829237 PMCID: PMC5348370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence from randomised controlled trials on the effects of dietary fibre intake on breast cancer risk is inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of dietary fibre intake in reducing breast cancer risk. We searched for prospective and case-control studies on dietary fibre intake and breast cancer risk in the English language through March 2016. Twenty-four epidemiologic studies obtained through the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically reviewed. A random-effects model was used to compute the pooled risk estimates by extracting the risk estimate of the highest and lowest reported categories of intake from each study. The meta-analyses showed a 12% decrease in breast cancer risk with dietary fibre intake. The association between dietary fibre intake and breast cancer risk was significant when stratified according to Jadad scores, study types, and menopause status. Dose-response analysis showed that every 10 g/d increment in dietary fibre intake was associated with a 4% reduction in breast cancer risk, and little evidence of publication bias was found. Thus, dietary fibre consumption is significantly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.,Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Ruzhen Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Qinghua Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China.,Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
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Oberguggenberger A, Meraner V, Sztankay M, Hilbert A, Hubalek M, Holzner B, Gamper E, Kemmler G, Baumgartner T, Lackinger I, Sperner-Unterweger B, Mangweth-Matzek B. Health Behavior and Quality of Life Outcome in Breast Cancer Survivors: Prevalence Rates and Predictors. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 18:38-44. [PMID: 29017754 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Health behavior (HB) has been identified as contributing to breast cancer (BC) disease outcome. The present study was subjected to gain more in-depth insight into breast cancer survivors' (BCS) HB and its associations with patient quality of life (QOL) outcome. We investigated HB focusing on eating disturbances comparing the latter with a reference population sample (PS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The research cohort included 303 BCS completing a comprehensive patient-reported-outcome assessment on HB (eating disturbances, exercise, substance use) and QOL. Data from an age- and education-matched reference PS (n = 303) on eating disturbances were included. RESULTS Overall, 30% of BCS were overweight; 11.7% of BCS (2-11 years after diagnosis, mean = 5.2 years) reported eating disturbances compared with 5% of PS (P < .05). Approximately three-fourths of BCS indicated they exercise regularly, one-fourth smoke regularly, and 30% consume alcohol. Lower consumption of analgesics and tranquilizers, higher frequency of exercise, lower eating concern (EDE-Q), younger age, and lower body mass index were significant predictors for better physical QOL. Lower eating and shape concern were next to age-identified predictive for better psychological QOL. DISCUSSION Obesity and eating disturbances are a considerable HB problem in women with a history of BC. Considering that HB is predictive for long-term QOL in BCS, routine counseling on HB should be integrated into survivorship care to increase patient education and contribute to behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Oberguggenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Verena Meraner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Sztankay
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Hubalek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Gamper
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kemmler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Teresa Baumgartner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabelle Lackinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, CL-Service, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Mangweth-Matzek
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Hörnell A, Berg C, Forsum E, Larsson C, Sonestedt E, Åkesson A, Lachat C, Hawwash D, Kolsteren P, Byrnes G, De Keyzer W, Van Camp J, Cade JE, Greenwood DC, Slimani N, Cevallos M, Egger M, Huybrechts I, Wirfält E. Perspective: An Extension of the STROBE Statement for Observational Studies in Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE-nut): Explanation and Elaboration. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:652-678. [PMID: 28916567 PMCID: PMC5593101 DOI: 10.3945/an.117.015941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional epidemiology is an inherently complex and multifaceted research area. Dietary intake is a complex exposure and is challenging to describe and assess, and links between diet, health, and disease are difficult to ascertain. Consequently, adequate reporting is necessary to facilitate comprehension, interpretation, and generalizability of results and conclusions. The STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement is an international and collaborative initiative aiming to enhance the quality of reporting of observational studies. We previously presented a checklist of 24 reporting recommendations for the field of nutritional epidemiology, called "the STROBE-nut." The STROBE-nut is an extension of the general STROBE statement, intended to complement the STROBE recommendations to improve and standardize the reporting in nutritional epidemiology. The aim of the present article is to explain the rationale for, and elaborate on, the STROBE-nut recommendations to enhance the clarity and to facilitate the understanding of the guidelines. Examples from the published literature are used as illustrations, and references are provided for further reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Hörnell
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Berg
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Forsum
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dana Hawwash
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Kolsteren
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Graham Byrnes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Willem De Keyzer
- Department of Biosciences and Food Sciences, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janet E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, and
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Slimani
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Myriam Cevallos
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Egger
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabet Wirfält
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Cade JE, Burley VJ, Alwan NA, Hutchinson J, Hancock N, Morris MA, Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC. Cohort Profile: The UK Women's Cohort Study (UKWCS). Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:e11. [PMID: 26430789 PMCID: PMC5837471 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nisreen A Alwan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK and
| | - Jayne Hutchinson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Michelle A Morris
- School of Food Science and Nutrition
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Diane E Threapleton
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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22
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Kumar A, Metwal M, Kaur S, Gupta AK, Puranik S, Singh S, Singh M, Gupta S, Babu BK, Sood S, Yadav R. Nutraceutical Value of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], and Their Improvement Using Omics Approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:934. [PMID: 27446162 PMCID: PMC4925701 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The science of nutritional biology has progressed extensively over the last decade to develop food-based nutraceuticals as a form of highly personalized medicine or therapeutic agent. Finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] is a crop with potentially tremendous but under-explored source of nutraceutical properties as compared to other regularly consumed cereals. In the era of growing divide and drawback of nutritional security, these characteristics must be harnessed to develop finger millet as a novel functional food. In addition, introgression of these traits into other staple crops can improve the well-being of the general population on a global scale. The objective of this review is to emphasize the importance of biofortification of finger millet in context of universal health and nutritional crisis. We have specifically highlighted the role that recent biotechnological advancements have to offer for enrichment of its nutritional value and how these developments can commission to the field of nutritional biology by opening new avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Mamta Metwal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Sanveen Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Atul K. Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Swati Puranik
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Sadhna Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Manoj Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagar, India
| | - B. K. Babu
- ICAR–Vivekananda Institute of Hill AgricultureAlmora, India
| | - Salej Sood
- ICAR–Vivekananda Institute of Hill AgricultureAlmora, India
| | - Rattan Yadav
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
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23
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Makarem N, Nicholson JM, Bandera EV, McKeown NM, Parekh N. Consumption of whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:353-73. [PMID: 27257283 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence from previous reviews is supportive of the hypothesis that whole grains may protect against various cancers. However, the reviews did not report risk estimates for both whole grains and cereal fiber and only case-control studies were evaluated. It is unclear whether longitudinal studies support this conclusion. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between whole grains and cereal fiber in relation to risk of lifestyle-related cancers data from longitudinal studies was evaluated. DATA SOURCES The following 3 databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL. STUDY SELECTION A total of 43 longitudinal studies conducted in Europe and North America that reported multivariable-adjusted risk estimates for whole grains (n = 14), cereal fiber (n = 23), or both (n = 6) in relation to lifestyle-related cancers were included. DATA EXTRACTION Information on study location, cohort name, follow-up duration, sample characteristics, dietary assessment method, risk estimates, and confounders was extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 20 studies examining whole grains and cancer, 6 studies reported a statistically significant 6%-47% reduction in risk, but 14 studies showed no association. Of 29 studies examining cereal fiber intake in relation to cancer, 8 showed a statistically significant 6%-49% reduction in risk, whereas 21 studies reported no association. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concludes that most studies were suggestive of a null association. Whole grains and cereal fiber may protect against gastrointestinal cancers, but these findings require confirmation in additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Makarem
- N. Makarem is with the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA. J.M. Nicholson is with the Department of Medical Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. E.V. Bandera is with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. N.M. McKeown is with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. N. Parekh is with the College of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, and Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph M Nicholson
- N. Makarem is with the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA. J.M. Nicholson is with the Department of Medical Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. E.V. Bandera is with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. N.M. McKeown is with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. N. Parekh is with the College of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, and Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- N. Makarem is with the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA. J.M. Nicholson is with the Department of Medical Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. E.V. Bandera is with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. N.M. McKeown is with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. N. Parekh is with the College of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, and Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicola M McKeown
- N. Makarem is with the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA. J.M. Nicholson is with the Department of Medical Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. E.V. Bandera is with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. N.M. McKeown is with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. N. Parekh is with the College of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, and Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- N. Makarem is with the Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA. J.M. Nicholson is with the Department of Medical Library, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. E.V. Bandera is with the Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, and the Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. N.M. McKeown is with the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. N. Parekh is with the College of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health, and Department of Population Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Diet may play a role in both promoting and inhibiting human breast cancer development. In this review, nutritional risk factors such as consumption of dietary fat, meat, fiber, and alcohol, and intake of phytoestrogen, vitamin D, iron, and folate associated with breast cancer are reviewed. These nutritional factors have a variety of associations with breast cancer risk. Type of fat consumed has different effects on risk of breast cancer: consumption of meat is associated with heterocyclic amine (HCA) exposure; different types of plant fiber have various effects on breast cancer risk; alcohol consumption may increase the risk of breast cancer by producing acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS); intake of phytoestrogen may reduce risk of breast cancer through genomic and non-genomic action; vitamin D can reduce the risk of breast cancer by inhibiting the process of cancer invasion and metastasis; intake of dietary iron may lead to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation; and lower intake of folate may be linked to a higher risk of breast cancer.
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Farvid MS, Eliassen AH, Cho E, Liao X, Chen WY, Willett WC. Dietary Fiber Intake in Young Adults and Breast Cancer Risk. Pediatrics 2016; 137:e20151226. [PMID: 26908709 PMCID: PMC4771124 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated fiber intake during adolescence and early adulthood in relation to breast cancer (BC) risk in the Nurses' Health Study II. METHODS Among 90,534 premenopausal women who completed a dietary questionnaire in 1991, we documented 2833 invasive BC cases during 20 years of follow-up. In 1998, 44,263 of these women also completed a questionnaire about their diet during high school; among these women, we documented 1118 cases of BC by end of follow-up. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC across categories of dietary fiber. RESULTS Among all women, early adulthood total dietary fiber intake was associated with significantly lower BC risk (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.81; 95% CI 0.72-0.91; Ptrend = .002). Higher intakes of soluble fiber (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.97; Ptrend = .02) and insoluble fiber (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.90; Ptrend < .001) were each associated with lower BC risk. Total dietary fiber intake in adolescence was also associated with lower BC risk (RR for highest versus lowest quintile 0.84; 95% CI 0.70-1.01; Ptrend = .04). For the average of fiber intake during adolescence and early adult life, the RR comparing highest with lowest quintiles was 0.75 (95% CI 0.62-0.91, Ptrend = .004). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that higher fiber intakes reduce BC risk and suggest that intake during adolescence and early adulthood may be particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Heather Eliassen
- Epidemiology, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Xiaomei Liao
- Epidemiology, and,Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts;,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wendy Y. Chen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Departments of Nutrition,,Epidemiology, and,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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26
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Yang J, Wang P, Wu W, Zhao Y, Idehen E, Sang S. Steroidal Saponins in Oat Bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1549-1556. [PMID: 26852819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b06071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are one type of widespread defense compound in the plant kingdom and have been exploited for the production of lead compounds with diverse pharmacological properties in drug discovery. Oats contain two unique steroidal saponins, avenacoside A, 1, and avenacoside B, 2. However, the chemical composition, the levels of these saponins in commercial oat products, and their health effects are still largely unknown. In this study, we directly purified 5 steroidal saponins (1-5) from a methanol extract of oat bran, characterized their structures by analyzing their MS and NMR spectra, and also tentatively identified 11 steroidal saponins (6-16) on the basis of their tandem mass spectra (MS(n), n = 2-3). Among the five purified saponins, 5 is a new compound and 4 is purified from oats for the first time. Using HPLC-MS techniques, a complete profile of oat steroidal saponins was determined, and the contents of the two primary steroidal saponins, 1 and 2, were quantitated in 15 different commercial oat products. The total levels of these two saponins vary from 49.6 to 443.0 mg/kg, and oat bran or oatmeal has higher levels of these two saponins than cold oat cereal. Furthermore, our results on the inhibitory effects of 1 and 2 against the growth of human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT-29 showed that both had weak activity, with 2 being more active than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Yang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Emmanuel Idehen
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Borisenkov MF, Karmanov AP, Kocheva LS, Markov PA, Istomina EI, Bakutova LA, Litvinets SG, Martinson EA, Durnev EA, Vityazev FV, Popov SV. Adsorption ofβ-glucuronidase and estrogens on pectin/lignin hydrogel particles. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1129955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Shewry PR, Hey SJ. The contribution of wheat to human diet and health. Food Energy Secur 2015; 4:178-202. [PMID: 27610232 PMCID: PMC4998136 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is the most important staple crop in temperate zones and is in increasing demand in countries undergoing urbanization and industrialization. In addition to being a major source of starch and energy, wheat also provides substantial amounts of a number of components which are essential or beneficial for health, notably protein, vitamins (notably B vitamins), dietary fiber, and phytochemicals. Of these, wheat is a particularly important source of dietary fiber, with bread alone providing 20% of the daily intake in the UK, and well-established relationships between the consumption of cereal dietary fiber and reduced risk of cardio-vascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and forms of cancer (notably colo-rectal cancer). Wheat shows high variability in the contents and compositions of beneficial components, with some (including dietary fiber) showing high heritability. Hence, plant breeders should be able to select for enhanced health benefits in addition to increased crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Shewry
- Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK; University of Reading Whiteknights Reading Berkshire RG6 6AH UK
| | - Sandra J Hey
- Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK
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Sulaiman S, Shahril MR, Wafa SW, Shaharudin SH, Hussin SNAS. Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar and risk of breast cancer according to menopausal status in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5959-64. [PMID: 25081729 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake has been shown to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer, but the findings have been inconsistent and limited to developed countries with higher cancer incidence. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer risk with dietary carbohydrate, fiber and sugar intake. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population based case-control study was conducted in Malaysia with 382 breast cancer patients and 382 controls. Food intake pattern was assessed via an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and a broad range of potential confounders were included in analysis. RESULTS A significant two fold increased risk of breast cancer among premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.93, 95%CI: 1.53-2.61, p-trend=0.001) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=1.87, 95%CI: 1.03-2.61, p-trend=0.045) women was observed in the highest quartile of sugar. A higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with a significantly lower breast cancer risk among both premenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=0.31, 95%CI: 0.12-0.79, p-trend=0.009) and postmenopausal (OR Q4 to Q1=0.23, 95%CI: 0.07-0.76, p-trend=0.031) women. CONCLUSIONS Sugar and dietary fiber intake were independently related to pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. However, no association was observed for dietary carbohydrate intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaina Sulaiman
- Dietetics Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail : ,
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Palmer R, Cornuault V, Marcus SE, Knox JP, Shewry PR, Tosi P. Comparative in situ analyses of cell wall matrix polysaccharide dynamics in developing rice and wheat grain. PLANTA 2015; 241:669-85. [PMID: 25416597 PMCID: PMC4328131 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall polysaccharides of wheat and rice endosperm are an important source of dietary fibre. Monoclonal antibodies specific to cell wall polysaccharides were used to determine polysaccharide dynamics during the development of both wheat and rice grain. Wheat and rice grain present near synchronous developmental processes and significantly different endosperm cell wall compositions, allowing the localisation of these polysaccharides to be related to developmental changes. Arabinoxylan (AX) and mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) have analogous cellular locations in both species, with deposition of AX and MLG coinciding with the start of grain filling. A glucuronoxylan (GUX) epitope was detected in rice, but not wheat endosperm cell walls. Callose has been reported to be associated with the formation of cell wall outgrowths during endosperm cellularisation and xyloglucan is here shown to be a component of these anticlinal extensions, occurring transiently in both species. Pectic homogalacturonan (HG) was abundant in cell walls of maternal tissues of wheat and rice grain, but only detected in endosperm cell walls of rice in an unesterified HG form. A rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) backbone epitope was observed to be temporally regulated in both species, detected in endosperm cell walls from 12 DAA in rice and 20 DAA in wheat grain. Detection of the LM5 galactan epitope showed a clear distinction between wheat and rice, being detected at the earliest stages of development in rice endosperm cell walls, but not detected in wheat endosperm cell walls, only in maternal tissues. In contrast, the LM6 arabinan epitope was detected in both species around 8 DAA and was transient in wheat grain, but persisted in rice until maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Palmer
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ UK
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Valérie Cornuault
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Susan E. Marcus
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - J. Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Paola Tosi
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ UK
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH UK
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31
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Aqueous extracts of hulled barley containing coumaric acid and ferulic acid inhibit adipogenesis in vitro and obesity in vivo. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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32
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Spatial variations in dietary fibre intake among women in England from the UK Women's Cohort Study. Proc Nutr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115001548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the latest mounting evidence reporting associations between the important role of whole grains and fibre in lowering the risk of chronic diseases and health.
Design/methodology/approach
– A general systematic review was conducted to locate and summarise up-to-date published studies within the field. A Medline search identified human-controlled trials and observational studies published in the past five years.
Findings
– A total of 49 studies were identified. In observational studies, higher intakes of whole grain and dietary fibre were associated with a significantly lower risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, abdominal adiposity and certain cancers. This was further supported by human intervention trials, which reported benefits for appetite control, blood lipid levels, glycaemic control, digestive health and secondary cancer prevention. Mechanisms may relate to the micronutrients and phytonutrients present in high fibre foods.
Practical implications
– Practical advice is needed to help people identify foods rich in whole grains, e.g. breakfast cereals. UK fibre recommendations should be aligned with European guidelines and food labelling regulations, and a whole grain dietary recommendation, e.g. similar to the US guideline of three portions a day, could be introduced. Government and industry should play a role in communicating dietary fibre guidelines and the health benefits associated with whole grain and fibre, particularly insoluble fibre.
Originality/value
– This paper develops knowledge about whole grains, health and the importance of establishing whole-grain dietary recommendations.
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Mourouti N, Kontogianni MD, Papavagelis C, Panagiotakos DB. Diet and breast cancer: a systematic review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 66:1-42. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.950207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Shewry P, Lovegrove A. Exploiting natural variation to improve the content and composition of dietary fibre in wheat grain: A review. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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36
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Hutchinson J, Burley VJ, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. General supplement use, subsequent use and cancer risk in the UK Women's Cohort Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1095-100. [PMID: 24801368 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To determine whether general dietary supplement use is associated with cancer risk in UK women and to estimate risks related to use at one and two recording points. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cox's proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate cancer risks for 32 665 middle-aged women in the UK Women's Cohort Study relating to any current supplement use recorded in a baseline questionnaire. During a median follow-up of 15 years, there were 3936 registered cancer incidences, including 1344 breast, 429 smoking-related and 362 colorectal cancers. Cancer risks for 12 948 of these women, who also completed questionnaires on average 4.4 years later, were estimated in relation to any supplement use at both time points (1527 cancers, including 561 breast, 131 smoking-related and 141 colorectal cancers). Adjustments were made for baseline confounders. RESULTS Total smoking-related cancers were associated with baseline supplement use (hazard ratio (HR)=1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 1.81) compared with non-use, but not associated with use at both recording points (HR=1.29; 95% CI: 0.78, 2.13) compared with use at neither. There was no evidence of the associations between total, colorectal or breast cancers and baseline supplement use, or use at both recording points. In sub-analyses, no significant associations with breast cancer were found for premenopausal or postmenopausal baseline users, or similarly for use at both points (HR=1.35, 95% CI: 0.91, 2.01; and HR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.26, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence that general supplement use was associated with increased smoking-related cancer risk, but there was no evidence of associations with total, colorectal and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hutchinson
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Willow Terrace Road, Leeds, UK
| | - V J Burley
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Willow Terrace Road, Leeds, UK
| | - D C Greenwood
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J E Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Willow Terrace Road, Leeds, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a wellness program delivered by WellSteps, LLC, aimed at improving employee health behaviors in small companies that lack the resources to independently develop and manage a wellness program. METHODS Analyses are based on 618 employees from five diverse companies that completed an initial personal health assessment. RESULTS Exercise and dietary behaviors significantly improved across the five companies. Significant improvements in health perception and life satisfaction also resulted and were associated with improvements in health behaviors. Three of the five companies, each with fewer than 50 employees, were most effective in influencing positive health behaviors, health perceptions, and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The worksite wellness program effectively improved health behaviors, health perceptions, and life satisfaction.
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Shapira I, Sultan K, Lee A, Taioli E. Evolving concepts: how diet and the intestinal microbiome act as modulators of breast malignancy. ISRN ONCOLOGY 2013; 2013:693920. [PMID: 24187630 PMCID: PMC3800670 DOI: 10.1155/2013/693920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiome plays an important role in human physiology. Next-generation sequencing technologies, knockout and gnotobiotic mouse models, fecal transplant data and epidemiologic studies have accelerated our understanding of microbiome abnormalities seen in immune diseases and malignancies. Dysbiosis is the disturbed microbiome ecology secondary to external pressures such as host diseases, medications, diet and genetic conditions often leading to abnormalities of the host immune system. Specifically dysbiosis has been shown to lower circulating lymphocytes, and increase neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, a finding which has been associated with a decreased survival in women with breast cancers. Dysbiosis also plays a role in the recycling of estrogens via the entero-hepatic circulation, increasing estrogenic potency in the host, which is another leading cause of breast malignancy. Non-modifiable factors such as age and genetic mutations disrupt the microbiome, but modifiable factors such as diet may also lead to profound disruptions as well. A better understanding of dietary factors and how they disrupt the microbiome may lead to beneficial nutritional interventions for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Shapira
- Monter Cancer Center, Don Monti Division of Oncology and Division of Hematology, Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, 450 Lakeville Road, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA
| | - Keith Sultan
- Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, North Shore University Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Annette Lee
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics and Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Population Health-Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine and North Shore/LIJ Health System, 175 Community Drive, Room 203, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA
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Short term (14 days) consumption of insoluble wheat bran fibre-containing breakfast cereals improves subjective digestive feelings, general wellbeing and bowel function in a dose dependent manner. Nutrients 2013; 5:1436-55. [PMID: 23609776 PMCID: PMC3705356 DOI: 10.3390/nu5041436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether increasing insoluble (predominantly wheat bran) fibre over 14 days improves subjective digestive feelings, general wellbeing and bowel function. A single centre, multi-site, open, within subjects design with a 14 day non-intervention (baseline) monitoring period followed by a 14 day fibre consumption (intervention) period was performed. 153 low fibre consumers (<15 g/day AOAC 985.29) completed a daily symptom diary for 14 days after which they consumed one bowl of ready-to-eat breakfast cereal containing at least 5.4 g fibre (3.5 g from wheat bran) for 14 days and completed a daily symptom diary. Significant improvements were demonstrated in subjective perception of bowel function (e.g., ease of defecation) and digestive feelings (bloating, constipation, feeling sluggish and digestive discomfort). Significant improvements were also found in subjective perception of general wellbeing (feeling less fat, more mentally alert, slim, happy and energetic whilst experiencing less stress, mental and physical tiredness, difficulty concentrating and fewer headaches). In general, improvements in study outcomes increased with increasing cereal/fibre consumption. However, consuming an additional minimum 5.4 g of fibre (3.5 g wheat bran) per day was shown to deliver measurable and significant benefits for digestive health, comfort and wellbeing. Encouraging consumption of relatively small amounts of wheat bran could also provide an effective method of increasing overall fibre consumption.
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40
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Singh R, De S, Belkheir A. Avena sativa (Oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:126-44. [PMID: 23072529 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.526725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review article is to summarize the available information related to the availability, production, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and traditional uses of Avena sativa to highlight its potential to contribute to human health. Oats are now cultivated worldwide and form an important dietary staple for the people in number of countries. Several varieties of oats are available. It is a rich source of protein, contains a number of important minerals, lipids, β-glucan, a mixed-linkage polysaccharide, which forms an important part of oat dietary fiber, and also contains various other phytoconstituents like avenanthramides, an indole alkaloid-gramine, flavonoids, flavonolignans, triterpenoid saponins, sterols, and tocols. Traditionally oats have been in use since long and are considered as stimulant, antispasmodic, antitumor, diuretic, and neurotonic. Oat possesses different pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anticholesterolaemic, etc. A wide spectrum of biological activities indicates that oat is a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya.
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Li Q, Holford TR, Zhang Y, Boyle P, Mayne ST, Dai M, Zheng T. Dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer by menopausal and estrogen receptor status. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:217-23. [PMID: 22350922 PMCID: PMC3709253 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the hypothesis that relation of breast cancer associated with dietary fiber intakes varies by type of fiber, menopausal, and the tumor's hormone receptor status. METHODS A case-control study of female breast cancer was conducted in Connecticut. A total of 557 incident breast cancer cases and 536 age frequency-matched controls were included in the analysis. Information on dietary intakes was collected through in-person interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and was converted into nutrient intakes. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS Among pre-menopausal women, higher intake of soluble fiber (highest versus lowest quartile of intake) was associated with a significantly reduced risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.15-0.97, P (trend) = 0.08). When further restricted to pre-menopausal women with ER(-) tumors, the adjusted OR for the highest quartile of intake was 0.15 (95% CI, 0.03-0.69, P (trend) = 0.02) for soluble fiber intake. Among post-menopausal women, no reduced risk of breast cancer was observed for either soluble or insoluble fiber intakes or among ER(+) or ER(-) tumor groups. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study show that dietary soluble fiber intake is associated with a significantly reduced risk of ER(-) breast cancer among pre-menopausal women. Additional studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- National Office of Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | | | - Yawei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter Boyle
- International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Lyon, France
| | - Susan T. Mayne
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Min Dai
- National Office of Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Ferrari P, Rinaldi S, Jenab M, Lukanova A, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Touillaud M, Kaaks R, von Rüsten A, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Benetou V, Grioni S, Panico S, Masala G, Tumino R, Polidoro S, Bakker MF, van Gils CH, Ros MM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Krum-Hansen S, Engeset D, Skeie G, Pilar A, Sánchez MJ, Buckland G, Ardanaz E, Chirlaque D, Rodriguez L, Travis R, Key T, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Sund M, Lenner P, Slimani N, Norat T, Aune D, Riboli E, Romieu I. Dietary fiber intake and risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:344-53. [PMID: 23269820 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited scientific evidence has characterized the association between dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer (BC) by menopausal status and hormone receptor expression in tumors. OBJECTIVE We investigated the relation between total dietary fiber and its main food sources (vegetables, fruit, cereals, and legumes) and BC risk by using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). DESIGN A total of 11,576 invasive BC cases in 334,849 EPIC women mostly aged 35-70 y at baseline were identified over a median follow-up of 11.5 y. Dietary fiber was estimated from country-specific dietary questionnaires. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to quantify the association between dietary variables and BC risk with energy adjustment by using the residual method. Subgroup analyses were performed by menopausal status and estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in tumors. RESULTS BC risk was inversely associated with intakes of total dietary fiber [hazard ratio comparing fifth quintile to first quintile (HR(Q5-Q1)): 0.95; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.01; P-trend = 0.03] and fiber from vegetables (0.90; 0.84, 0.96; P-trend < 0.01) but not with fiber from fruit, cereals, or legumes. Overall, associations were homogeneous by menopausal status and ER and PR expression in tumors. For vegetable fiber, stronger associations were observed for estrogen receptor-negative and progesterone receptor-negative (HR(Q5-Q1):0.74; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.93; P-trend = 0.01) than for estrogen receptor-positive and progesterone receptor-positive tumors (0.92: 0.81, 1.03; P-trend = 0.05), with P-heterogeneity = 0.09. CONCLUSION Diets rich in dietary fiber and, particularly, fiber from vegetables may be associated with a small reduction in risk of BC, independently of menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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Böhn L, Störsrud S, Simrén M. Nutrient intake in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared with the general population. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 25:23-30.e1. [PMID: 22937900 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food and diet are central issues that concern patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Few studies have thoroughly analyzed dietary intake in IBS. Our aims were to determine the nutrient intake in IBS patients in comparison to the general population, assess nutritional differences between IBS subgroups based on the predominant bowel habit or symptom severity, as well as to evaluate if their nutrient intake meet nutrition recommendations. METHODS We included 187 IBS patients (mean 40.2 years; 139 women). They completed a 4-days food registration record, which was compared with an age-, and gender-matched control group (n = 374; 278 women) from a nation-wide dietary survey and with Nordic Nutrient Recommendations. KEY RESULTS Daily nutrient intake in IBS patients was similar to the general population and met national nutrients recommendations. Irritable bowel syndrome patients had similar energy distribution from macronutrients compared to the control group, but the protein percentage tended to be higher. Irritable bowel syndrome patients also had significantly higher daily intake of vitamin E, folate, iron, vitamin C, and dietary fibers, as well as lower intake of vitamin A, riboflavin, calcium, and potassium. There was no association between nutrient intake and IBS subtypes or symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Although many IBS patients state that they avoid food items, this does not seem to influence their intake of nutrients to any large extent. The observed minor differences in nutrient intake indicate a tendency toward higher intake of fruit and vegetables and a lower intake of meat and dairy products in IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Böhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Williams EA, Welfare M, Spiers A, Hill MH, Bal W, Gibney ER, Duckworth Y, Powers HJ, Mathers JC. Systemic folate status, rectal mucosal folate concentration and dietary intake in patients at differential risk of bowel cancer (The FAB2 Study). Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1801-10. [PMID: 23271614 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Folate has been strongly implicated in the aetiology of colorectal cancer. However, the relationship between dietary folate intake, rectal mucosal folate status and colorectal cancer risk is uncertain. The study aimed to estimate nutrient intakes and measure systemic folate status and rectal mucosal folate concentration in people at differential risk of developing colorectal cancer. METHODS Two hundred and twenty-eight individuals were recruited from gastroenterology clinics and subdivided into three patient groups: untreated colorectal cancer (n = 43), adenomatous polyps (n = 90) or normal bowel (n = 95). Biopsies from macroscopically normal rectal mucosa and blood were collected and used for the measurement of rectal mucosal 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MeTHF) and systemic markers of folate status, respectively. Nutrient intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS Dietary intake variables, plasma 5-MeTHF and red cell folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations were similar in all three subject groups and 95% CI fell within normal range for each variable. Rectal mucosal 5-MeTHF concentration was higher in the normal mucosa of adenomatous polyp patients than in normal subjects (P = 0.055). Rectal mucosal 5-MeTHF was associated significantly with plasma folate (P < 0.001, r = 0.294), red cell folate (P = 0.014, r = 0.305), plasma homocysteine (P = 0.017, r = -0.163) and dietary folate intake (P = 0.036, r = 0.152). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates adequate folate status of patients attending gastroenterology clinics for the investigation of bowel symptoms, with no significant difference in dietary intakes or systemic folate status indices according to diagnosis. Rectal mucosal 5-MeTHF concentrations were elevated in adenomatous polyp patients, but failed to reach significance. Further studies are required to determine the biological significance of this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Williams
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK,
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Kumar V, Sinha AK, Makkar HPS, de Boeck G, Becker K. Dietary roles of non-starch polysaccharides in human nutrition: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:899-935. [PMID: 22747080 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.512671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) occur naturally in many foods. The physiochemical and biological properties of these compounds correspond to dietary fiber. Nonstarch polysaccharides show various physiological effects in the small and large intestine and therefore have important health implications for humans. The remarkable properties of dietary NSPs are water dispersibility, viscosity effect, bulk, and fermentibility into short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These features may lead to diminished risk of serious diet related diseases which are major problems in Western countries and are emerging in developing countries with greater affluence. These conditions include coronary heart disease, colo-rectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, breast cancer, tumor formation, mineral related abnormalities, and disordered laxation. Insoluble NSPs (cellulose and hemicellulose) are effective laxatives whereas soluble NSPs (especially mixed-link β-glucans) lower plasma cholesterol levels and help to normalize blood glucose and insulin levels, making these kinds of polysaccharides a part of dietary plans to treat cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes. Moreover, a major proportion of dietary NSPs escapes the small intestine nearly intact, and is fermented into SCFAs by commensal microflora present in the colon and cecum and promotes normal laxation. Short chain fatty acids have a number of health promoting effects and are particularly effective in promoting large bowel function. Certain NSPs through their fermented products may promote the growth of specific beneficial colonic bacteria which offer a prebiotic effect. Various modes of action of NSPs as therapeutic agent have been proposed in the present review. In addition, NSPs based films and coatings for packaging and wrapping are of commercial interest because they are compatible with several types of food products. However, much of the physiological and nutritional impact of NSPs and the mechanism involved is not fully understood and even the recommendation on the dose of different dietary NSPs intake among different age groups needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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McLeish L, Reis MM, Stewart C, Goudie DR, Berg JN, Harvie M, Hanning KA, Vysny H, Steel CM. Lifestyle Changes in Women at Genetic Risk of Breast Cancer: an Observational Study. Int J Behav Med 2012; 20:514-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-012-9263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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47
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Stevenson L, Phillips F, O'Sullivan K, Walton J. Wheat bran: its composition and benefits to health, a European perspective. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:1001-13. [PMID: 22716911 PMCID: PMC3507301 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.687366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wheat bran is a concentrated source of insoluble fibre. Fibre intakes are generally lower than recommendations. This paper reviews the physiological effects of wheat bran and the health benefits it may provide in terms of the prevention of diseases such as colon and breast cancers, cardiovascular disease, obesity and gastrointestinal diseases. In recognition of the weight of evidence, the European Food Safety Authority has recently approved two health claims for wheat bran and gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Stevenson
- Food & Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Education, Community & Leisure, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Shewry PR, Ward JL. Exploiting genetic variation to improve wheat composition for the prevention of chronic diseases. Food Energy Secur 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Shewry
- Department of Plant Science; Rothamsted Research; Harpenden; Hertfordshire; AL5 2JQ; UK
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Department of Plant Science; Rothamsted Research; Harpenden; Hertfordshire; AL5 2JQ; UK
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Dietary Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1459-66. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Hauner H, Bechthold A, Boeing H, Brönstrup A, Buyken A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Linseisen J, Schulze M, Strohm D, Wolfram G. Evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society: carbohydrate intake and prevention of nutrition-related diseases. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012; 60 Suppl 1:1-58. [PMID: 22286913 DOI: 10.1159/000335326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of nutrition-related chronic diseases to the total disease burden of the society and the health care costs has risen continuously over the last decades. Thus, there is an urgent necessity to better exploit the potential of dietary prevention of diseases. Carbohydrates play a major role in human nutrition - next to fat, carbohydrates are the second biggest group of energy-yielding nutrients. Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipoproteinaemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, coronary heart disease and cancer are wide-spread diseases, in which carbohydrates could have a pathophysiologic relevance. Correspondingly, modification of carbohydrate intake could have a preventive potential. In the present evidence-based guideline of the German Nutrition Society, the potential role of carbohydrates in the primary prevention of the named diseases was judged systematically. The major findings were: a high carbohydrate intake at the expense of total fat and saturated fatty acids reduces the concentrations of total, LDL and HDL cholesterol. A high carbohydrate consumption at the expense of polyunsaturated fatty acids increases total and LDL cholesterol, but reduces HDL cholesterol. Regardless of the type of fat being replaced, a high carbohydrate intake promotes an increase in the triglyceride concentration. Furthermore, a high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas a high dietary fibre intake, mainly from whole-grain products, reduces the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipoproteinaemia, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer at varying evidence levels. The practical consequences for current dietary recommendations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hauner
- Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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