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Xue D, Hajat A, Fohner AE. Conceptual frameworks for the integration of genetic and social epidemiology in complex diseases. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 8:100156. [PMID: 39104369 PMCID: PMC11299589 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2024.100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the root causes of complex diseases requires complex approaches, yet many studies continue to isolate the effects of genetic and social determinants of disease. Epidemiologic efforts that under-utilize genetic epidemiology methods and findings may lead to incomplete understanding of disease. Meanwhile, genetic epidemiology studies are often conducted without consideration of social and environmental context, limiting the public health impact of genomic discoveries. This divide endures despite shared goals and increases in interdisciplinary data due to a lack of shared theoretical frameworks and differing language. Here, we demonstrate that bridging epidemiological divides does not require entirely new ways of thinking. Existing social epidemiology frameworks including Ecosocial theory and Fundamental Cause Theory, can both be extended to incorporate principles from genetic epidemiology. We show that genetic epidemiology can strengthen, rather than detract from, efforts to understand the impact of social determinants of health. In addition to presenting theoretical synergies, we offer practical examples of how genetics can improve the public health impact of epidemiology studies across the field. Ultimately, we aim to provide a guiding framework for trainees and established epidemiologists to think about diseases and complex systems and foster more fruitful collaboration between genetic and traditional epidemiological disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Xue
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Room H-690, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anjum Hajat
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Hans Rosling Population Health Building, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alison E. Fohner
- Institute for Public Health Genetics, University of Washington School of Public Health, 1959 NE Pacific St, Room H-690, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Hans Rosling Population Health Building, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Zhang X, Lemon TL. Health Insurance and Self-Rated Health from Adolescence to Early Midlife in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00344-1. [PMID: 39389222 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although health insurance is a critical tool for wellbeing across the life course, few studies have explored the long-term health implications of shifts in insurance coverage. This study examined whether changes in insurance types from adolescence to early midlife were associated with early midlife self-rated health. METHODS This study used data from Wave I (1994-1995; average age 15.7 years), Wave IV (2008-2009; average age 28.7 years), and Wave V (2016-2018; average age 37.6 years) of Add Health, including 6,765 respondents from 1994-2018. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between health insurance status from adolescence to early midlife and early midlife self-rated health. The analyses were conducted from March - August 2024. RESULTS Relative to having private insurance in adolescence and early midlife, the following health insurance statuses in adolescence and early midlife were significantly associated with poorer early midlife self-rated health: public in adolescence and early midlife (AOR=3.34; 95% CI=1.89, 5.91); uninsured in adolescence to public at early midlife (AOR=3.29; 95% CI=1.85, 5.85); private in adolescence to public at early midlife (AOR=3.36; 95% CI=2.46, 4.58), and private in adolescence to uninsured at early midlife (AOR=1.68; 95% CI=1.10, 2.55). CONCLUSIONS Health insurance statuses from adolescence to early midlife, specifically having or switching into public insurance, may be associated with poorer health in early midlife among individuals who were adolescents in the early 1990s. More research is needed to explore how insurance reform such as the Children's Health Insurance Program may have mitigated this association in future cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Health Solutions, 425 N. 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, Arizona State University.
| | - Tiffany L Lemon
- College of Health Solutions, 502 E. Monroe Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, Arizona State University.
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Garcia MA, Needham BL, Goosby BJ, Hummer RA, Liu H, Umberson D. Death of a Parent, Racial Inequities, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Early to Mid-adulthood. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024:221465241273870. [PMID: 39367799 DOI: 10.1177/00221465241273870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
Black Americans experience the death of a parent much earlier in the life course than White Americans on average. However, studies have not considered whether the cardiovascular health consequences of early parental death vary by race. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we explore associations between early parental death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in early to mid-adulthood (N = 4,193). We find that the death of a parent during childhood or adolescence (ages 0-17) or the transition to adulthood (ages 18-27) is associated with increased CVD risk for Black Americans, whereas parental death following the transition to adulthood (ages 28+) undermines cardiovascular health for both Black Americans and White Americans. These findings illustrate how a stress and life course perspective can help inform strategies aimed at addressing both the unequal burden of bereavement and high cardiovascular risk faced by Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert A Hummer
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Testa A, Jackson DB, DeAngelis R, Heard-Garris N, Semenza DC, Johnson O. Historical Redlining and Contemporary Violent Victimization Over the Life Course. Am J Prev Med 2024; 67:477-484. [PMID: 38906426 PMCID: PMC11416311 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses the relationship between living in historically redlined communities and the incidence of violent victimization and examines differences in this relationship across race and ethnicity. METHODS Data are from the U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) from Waves I (1994-1995; ages 12-17), III (2001; ages 18-26), IV (2008-2009; ages 24-32), and V (2016-2018; ages 34-44). Multi-level, within-between regression models were used to assess the relationship between residence in historically redlined areas and violent victimization from adolescence to adulthood. The study includes 8,266 participants, and data analysis was conducted in 2024. RESULTS Respondents who lived in redlined areas throughout adolescence and adulthood reported a 4.8% higher average probability of violent victimization relative to those who never lived in redlined areas. Respondents who moved from a non-redlined to a redlined area across waves also reported a 2.2% higher probability of victimization, on average. Although Black and Hispanic respondents were significantly more likely than their White peers to live in a redlined area and report violent victimization at each stage of the life course, the probability of experiencing victimization while living in a redlined area was similar between racial and ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the profound and enduring consequences of New Deal-era redlining policies for present-day safety, emphasizing the urgent need to confront and rectify historical injustices to enhance contemporary safety and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reed DeAngelis
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Division of Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outreach, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel C Semenza
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey; Department of Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Odis Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kalibatseva Z, Wu IHC, Qin DB, Settles IH, Buchanan NT, Leong FTL. A longitudinal investigation of parenting, depression, and counseling use among Asian American adolescents. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39320039 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asian American adolescents are equally or more likely to experience depression but less likely to seek treatment for depression than adolescents from other racial and ethnic groups in the US. The current study examined the long-term effects of parental care, parental control, and parental closeness on depression and counseling use among Asian American adolescents. METHODS Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we conducted a cross-lagged path analysis with 270 Asian American adolescents (48.1% female; 51.9% male). The study used data from Waves I, II, and III (1994-2002) with participants' mean ages ranging from 14 to 23. RESULTS Findings indicated that the cross-sectional relationships between parenting characteristics and depression were stronger than the longitudinal relationships suggesting that parenting practices may be a stronger proximal, rather than distal, predictor of depression. Specifically, parental closeness was associated with less depression in early and mid-adolescence (age 12-18), but the relationship changed direction in young adulthood (age 18-26). Additionally, a significant interaction suggested that parental care was related to fewer depressive symptoms for those who reported high, compared to low, parental control in mid-adolescence (age 14-18). Furthermore, high parental care was associated with more counseling use at high levels of control. However, high parental care was associated with less counseling use at low levels of parental control in early adolescence. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of understanding parenting characteristics using longitudinal designs when examining the development of depression and help-seeking behaviors among Asian American adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan H C Wu
- School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Desiree B Qin
- Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Isis H Settles
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - NiCole T Buchanan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Walker D, Knight D, Reysen R, Norris K. Pregnancy loss and suicidal behavior: Investigating the mediating role of depressive mood. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:605-611. [PMID: 38925303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy loss is arguably a traumatic and stressful life event that potentially impacts the emotional and behavioral health of those who experience it, especially adolescents. Research assessing this relationship has primarily focused on adult women populations. METHODS Using data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a cross-sectional research design was employed to investigate whether pregnancy loss outcomes are associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior (i.e., suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt) among adolescent girls (N = 6, 913). We also investigated the mediating effect of depressive mood. Initially, an all-encompassing pregnancy loss variable was used, which included abortions and miscarriages. Acknowledging the differences between these pregnancy loss outcomes, we created separate measures for each. RESULTS Using the all-encompassing pregnancy loss variable, findings from logistic regression analyses showed that pregnancy loss is positively and significantly associated with depressive mood and suicidal behaviors. Depressive mood mediated the relationship between pregnancy loss and suicidal behaviors. Miscarriage was positively and significantly associated with suicidal thoughts as well as attempting suicide. Depressive mood mediated the relationship between miscarriage and suicidal thoughts, while only partially mediating the relationship between miscarriage and suicide attempt. No significant effects were observed for abortion on outcomes of interest. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional analyses were performed limiting our ability to make casual inferences. CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy loss is associated with depressive mood and suicidal behavior, especially among adolescent girls who experience a miscarriage. Adolescent pregnancy and pregnancy loss should remain a focus of scholars and health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Andre Walker
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, United States of America.
| | - Deja Knight
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Reysen
- Counselor Education Department, Sacred Heart University, United States of America
| | - Katherine Norris
- Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies, University of Mississippi, United States of America
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Li WD, Zhang X, Yu K, Zhu Y, Du N, Song Z, Fan Q. A genome-wide association study of occupational creativity and its relations with well-being and career success. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1092. [PMID: 39237691 PMCID: PMC11377709 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Creativity is one defining characteristic of human species. There have been mixed findings on how creativity relates to well-being, and little is known about its relationship with career success. We conduct a large-scale genome-wide association study to examine the genetic architecture of occupational creativity, and its genetic correlations with well-being and career success. The SNP-h2 estimates range from 0.08 (for managerial creativity) to 0.22 (for artistic creativity). We record positive genetic correlations between occupational creativity with autism, and positive traits and well-being variables (e.g., physical height, and low levels of neuroticism, BMI, and non-cancer illness). While creativity share positive genetic overlaps with indicators of high career success (i.e., income, occupational status, and job satisfaction), it also has a positive genetic correlation with age at first birth and a negative genetic correlation with number of children, indicating creativity-related genes may reduce reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Management, CUHK Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Business, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaili Yu
- Department of Management, CUHK Business School, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimo Zhu
- Department of Management and Organization, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nianyao Du
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoli Song
- Department of Management and Organization, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qiao Fan
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Coppola EC, MacDermid Wadsworth S, Taylor ZE, Schwab-Reese L, Christ SL. Military service and sociodemographic determinants of depressive symptom trajectories. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2024; 123:103062. [PMID: 39256029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about preservice depressive symptoms, their linkages to subsequent depressive symptoms, and the role of sociodemographic factors in shaping depressive symptoms of those who serve in the military. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 18,910), we modeled depressive symptom trajectories from baseline (Mage = 15.67) through midlife and compared differences in depressive symptoms between participants who did and did not enter military service. Those who served in the military went on to develop lower levels of depressive symptoms than civilians during their prime military service years, even after accounting for sociodemographic factors that shape pathways into military service. Differences in depressive symptoms by military affiliation were no longer significant by their mid-30s. Results provided a more complete account of depressive symptom patterns associated with military service by including data on individuals before and during military service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Coppola
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, USA; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
| | | | - Zoe E Taylor
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, USA
| | | | - Sharon L Christ
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, USA
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Potente C, Bodelet J, Himeri H, Cole S, Harris K, Shanahan M. Socioeconomic status across the early life course predicts gene expression signatures of disease and senescence. J Epidemiol Community Health 2024:jech-2023-221812. [PMID: 39209539 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2023-221812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with many chronic diseases, indicators of senescence and mortality. However, the changing salience of SES in the prediction of adult health is not well understood. Using mRNA-seq abundance data from wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examine the extent to which SES across the early life course is related to gene expression-based signatures for chronic diseases, senescence and inflammation in the late 30s. METHODS We use Bayesian methods to identify the most likely model of life course epidemiology (critical, sensitive and accumulation models) that characterises the changing importance of parental SES and SES during young (ages 27-30) and mid-adulthood (ages 36-39) in the prediction of the signatures. RESULTS For most signatures, SES is an important predictor in all periods, although parental SES or SES during young adulthood are often the most predictive. For three signatures (components of diabetes, inflammation and ageing), critical period models involving the exclusive salience of SES in young adulthood (for diabetes) or parental SES (for inflammation and ageing) are most probable. The observed associations are likely mediated by body mass index. CONCLUSION Models of life course patterns of SES may inform efforts to identify age-specific mechanisms by which SES is associated with health at different points in life and they also suggest an enhanced approach to prediction models that recognise the changing salience of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Potente
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Bodelet
- Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Steve Cole
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathleen Harris
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bridger Staatz C, Gutin I, Tilstra A, Gimeno L, Moltrecht B, Moreno-Agostino D, Moulton V, Narayanan MK, Dowd JB, Gaydosh L, Ploubidis GB. Midlife health in Britain and the United States: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae127. [PMID: 39357882 PMCID: PMC11446604 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults in the USA have worse health and wider socioeconomic inequalities in health compared with those in Britain. Less is known about how health in the two countries compares in mid-life, a time of emerging health decline, including inequalities in health. METHODS We compare measures of current regular smoking status, obesity, self-rated health, cholesterol, blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin using population-weighted modified Poisson regression in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) in Britain (N = 9665) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the USA (N = 12 300), when cohort members were aged 34-46 and 33-43, respectively. We test whether associations vary by early- and mid-life socioeconomic position. RESULTS US adults had higher levels of obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Prevalence of poor self-rated health and current regular smoking was worse in Britain. We found smaller socioeconomic inequalities in mid-life health in Britain compared with the USA. For some outcomes (e.g. smoking), the most socioeconomically advantaged group in the USA was healthier than the equivalent group in Britain. For other outcomes (hypertension and cholesterol), the most advantaged US group fared equal to or worse than the most disadvantaged groups in Britain. CONCLUSIONS US adults have worse cardiometabolic health than British counterparts, even in early mid-life. The smaller socioeconomic inequalities and better overall health in Britain may reflect differences in access to health care, welfare systems or other environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iliya Gutin
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- The Maxwell School for Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Tilstra
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield College, and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Gimeno
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bettina Moltrecht
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dario Moreno-Agostino
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Moulton
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer B Dowd
- Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield College, and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lauren Gaydosh
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Sociology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Lawrence EM, Trani EA, Anthony KM, Hummer RA, Jensen T, Tuder S, Loehr LR, Harris KM, Whitsel EA. Data Resource Profile: Add Health Mortality Outcomes Surveillance. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyae121. [PMID: 39270741 PMCID: PMC11398900 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyssa A Trani
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kurtis M Anthony
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert A Hummer
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Tiffany Jensen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sylvie Tuder
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Laura R Loehr
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Rogers BJ, Alphonso SR, Neally SJ, Deng Y, Moniruzzaman M, Tamura K. The Role of the Perceived Neighborhood Social Environment on Adolescent Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity: Findings from Add Health. J Community Health 2024; 49:635-643. [PMID: 38374312 PMCID: PMC11407792 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the role of perceived neighborhood characteristics such as neighborhood safety, social cohesion, and contentedness on sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) among adolescents. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how these associations are moderated by gender and race. This study aimed to examine the associations of the perceived neighborhood social environment with (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Data from 6504 adolescents (aged 15.4 ± 0.03 years) who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was used. SB and PA were considered continuously and dichotomously. PNSE variables include safety, social cohesion, and contentedness, where higher values of PNSE indicate a more favorable neighborhood perception. Weighted linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the association of PNSE with continuous total SB (hours/week) and MVPA (bouts/week), and binary excessive SB (14 h/week) and meeting MVPA guidelines (≥ 5 bouts/week), respectively. Associations were stratified by gender and race to test moderation effects. Models were adjusted for demographic, health, parental, and neighborhood covariates. This study found that neighborhood safety and contentedness were negatively associated with SB, whereas neighborhood social cohesion and contentedness were positively associated with PA. Gender-specific and race-specific results remained somewhat consistent with overall findings; however, neighborhood safety was not associated with SB among female and non-White adolescents, respectively. Similarly, neighborhood safety and contentedness were not associated with MVPA for non-White adolescents. Findings suggest that an adolescent's neighborhood environment, gender, and race should be considered when implementing strategies to reduce SB and increase PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna J Rogers
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sophie R Alphonso
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sam J Neally
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yangyang Deng
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Socio-Spatial Determinants of Health (SSDH) Laboratory, Population and Community Health Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Building 3 Rm 5W21, 3 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Liu L, Wang W. Suicide attempts of friends and family during adolescence and long-term suicidal ideation and attempts: Findings from the 25-year Add Health study. J Affect Disord 2024; 358:377-382. [PMID: 38735584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a significant global public health concern. However, previous studies have predominantly focused on individual-level risk factors. Against this backdrop, microsystem suicide propinquity, which encompasses suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) within families and peer groups, is significant in elucidating the development and perpetuation of STB in adolescents. METHODS This study utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health, 1994-2018). Adolescents who reported instances of suicide attempts among their friends and family members during Wave 1 were selected (N = 4826). Generalized estimation equations (GEE) and structural equation models (SEM) were employed. RESULTS GEE analyses indicated that individuals with friends who had attempted suicide exhibited higher risks for suicidal ideation (OR [95 % CI] = 2.57 [2.13, 3.11]) and suicide attempts (OR [95 % CI] = 2.47 [1.78, 3.42]). Also, individuals with family members who had attempted suicide exhibited higher risks for suicidal ideation (OR [95 % CI] = 2.37 [1.62, 3.46]) and attempts (OR [95 % CI] = 2.27 [1.17, 4.41]). However, friends' and family members' suicide attempts failed to show significant interactive effect. Besides, SEM analyses indicated that friends' and family members' suicide attempts were associated with one's long-term suicidal ideation and attempts via depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Suicide attempts of friends and family during adolescence were long-term risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts from adolescence to young adulthood. Moreover, depressive symptoms served as long-term mechanisms in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
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Morcel J, Béghin L, Michels N, De Ruyter T, Drumez E, Cailliau E, Polito A, Le Donne C, Barnaba L, Azzini E, De Henauw S, Miguel Berges ML, Cacau LT, Moreno LA, Gottrand F. Nutritional and physical fitness parameters in adolescence impact cardiovascular health in adulthood. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1857-1864. [PMID: 38959665 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, originating in the first decades of life. A better understanding of their early determinants would allow for better prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutritional and activity-related characteristics during adolescence on young adult cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study included adolescents (aged 12.5-17.5 years) in 10 European centres. Four centres designed a nested cohort including 236 participants who were reassessed as young adults (21-32 years). Food consumption was evaluated by dietary recalls, physical activity by accelerometers, physical fitness using physical tests and nutritional knowledge by questionnaires. Cardiovascular health was assessed by Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Study risk scores and its components. Factors associated with cardiovascular risk were identified using a multivariable regression model. RESULTS Higher Diet Quality Index (DQI, P = 0.012) and nutritional knowledge (P = 0.015) were significantly associated with lower modified PDAY risk scores. Ultra-processed foods were associated with a lower non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.003), whereas DQI (P = 0.014) and Planetary Health Diet Index (P = 0.016) were associated with a higher HDL cholesterol. Higher DQI was also related to a lower body mass index (BMI, P = 0.006). In addition, cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a lower BMI (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Nutritional knowledge, diet quality and adherence to a sustainable diet in adolescence decrease cardiovascular risk in adulthood, whereas ultra-processed food consumption increases risk. These factors appear as targeted prevention tools for promoting a healthier adolescent lifestyle to decrease long-term cardiovascular risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02899416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules Morcel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Center, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Laurent Béghin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Center, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thaïs De Ruyter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elodie Drumez
- CHU Lille, Département de Biostatistiques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeline Cailliau
- CHU Lille, Département de Biostatistiques, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Angela Polito
- Agricultural Research Council - Research Center on Food and Nutrition - (formerly INRAN), Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Agricultural Research Council - Research Center on Food and Nutrition - (formerly INRAN), Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Barnaba
- Agricultural Research Council - Research Center on Food and Nutrition - (formerly INRAN), Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Azzini
- Agricultural Research Council - Research Center on Food and Nutrition - (formerly INRAN), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Luisa Miguel Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencas de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Teixeira Cacau
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencas de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, and CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Center, F-59000 Lille, France
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15
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Hsu J, Mernitz S. The role of romantic relationships for sexual minority young adults' depressive symptoms: Does relationship type matter? SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2024; 122:103049. [PMID: 39216913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sexual minority young adults consistently report higher rates of depression than heterosexual young adults. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study examines if types of romantic relationships provide mental health benefits for lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Further, analyses distinguish between same- and different-sex unions to help determine which relationship types offer the most mental health benefits. The results show that marriage is linked to fewer depressive symptoms for gay and lesbian young adults, compared to being unpartnered or in a dating relationship. Further, same-sex unions are associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but not different-sex unions. Yet, bisexual respondents' depressive symptoms are not associated with romantic relationships, regardless of relationship type. The results suggest that it is important to address the stigma surrounding sexual minority status and same-sex relationships to improve the burden of depressive symptoms on sexual minority young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Hsu
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
| | - Sara Mernitz
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, USA
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LeMasters K, D'Alessio AS, Touma F, Andrabi N, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Gutierrez C. The physiological toll of arrests: An examination of arrest history on midlife allostatic load. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 96:1-12. [PMID: 38796042 PMCID: PMC11283360 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand how allostatic load - cumulative physiologic burden of stress - varies by amount and timing of arrests stratified by race/ethnicity and by sex. METHODS Using The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we calculated descriptive statistics and mean differences in bio-marker measured allostatic load by arrest history stratified by race/ethnicity and sex. RESULTS One-third of participants experienced at least one arrest, and most experienced arrests only as adults. Allostatic load scores were higher for those that had ever experienced an arrest compared to never (mean difference: 0.58 (0.33, 0.84)). Similar results held for men and women and across race/ethnicity, but Black non-Hispanic individuals had higher allostatic load at all levels compared to other individuals. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing both any arrest and multiple arrests were associated with higher allostatic load. The stress of arrests may contribute to physiological maladaptations and poor health. The public health and law enforcement fields must recognize the detrimental consequences of arrests on physiological stress and search for non-carceral solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Alena Sorensen D'Alessio
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fatima Touma
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nafeesa Andrabi
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Carmen Gutierrez
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Dokshina D, Roque SK, Berry S, Heard-Garris N, Malone AM, Bauer KW, Needham BL. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Emotional Reactions to the Flint Water Crisis among Michigan Women in Communities Outside of Flint. Ethn Dis 2024; 34:129-136. [PMID: 39211819 PMCID: PMC11354825 DOI: 10.18865/ethndis-2023-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether Black women in Michigan communities outside of Flint were more likely than women in other racial and ethnic groups to report negative emotional reactions to the Flint Water Crisis, an ongoing public health disaster that has been widely attributed to anti-Black structural racism. Methods Data were from a 2020 survey of Michigan women aged 18-45 in communities outside of Flint (N=888). We used logistic regression models to examine racial and ethnic differences in the odds of negative emotional reactions to the Flint Water Crisis. Results Compared with Black women, White women had lower odds of feeling scared (odds ratio [OR]=0.58; 95% CI, 0.40-0.84), hopeless (OR=0.53; 95% CI, 0.38-0.74), tired (OR=0.45; 95% CI, 0.32-0.64), and numb (OR=0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.75) when thinking about the water crisis. There were no differences between Black and Hispanic women, whereas women of other races or ethnicities had lower odds than Black women of feeling numb (OR=0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.72). Conclusions The Flint Water Crisis was a racialized stressor, with potential implications for mental health inequities among Michigan women who were not directly affected by the crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Dokshina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sidonie K. Roque
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sydney Berry
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Division of Advanced General Pediatrics and Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, and Mary Ann & J. Milburn Smith Child Health Outreach, Research, and Evaluation Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anita M. Malone
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katherine W. Bauer
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Belinda L. Needham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI
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DeAngelis RT. Racial Capitalism and Black-White Health Inequities in the United States: The Case of the 2008 Financial Crisis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024:221465241260103. [PMID: 39077803 DOI: 10.1177/00221465241260103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Scholars cite racist political-economic systems as drivers of health inequities in the United States (i.e., racial capitalism). But how does racial capitalism generate health inequities? I address this open question within the historical context of predatory lending during the 2008 financial crisis. Relevant hypotheses are tested with multiple waves of data from Black and White participants of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 8,877). Across socioeconomic strata, I find that Black participants report higher rates of foreclosure, eviction, repossession, delinquent bills, lost income, and new debts in the wake of the financial crisis. Using structural equation and quasi-experimental models, I then show that Black participants also self-report rapid health declines and increases in prescription drug abuse throughout this period, much of which is explained by chronic financial stress. I conclude that racial capitalism can generate health inequities by ensnaring Black Americans in a toxic web of financial exploitation and stress proliferation.
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Bone JK, Fancourt D, Sonke JK, Bu F. The Changing Relationship Between Hobby Engagement and Substance Use in Young People: Latent Growth Modelling of the Add Health Cohort. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02047-x. [PMID: 39014156 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Cross-sectional and some longitudinal evidence suggests doing hobbies can reduce substance use, but findings have been inconsistent, and whether associations differ across adolescence remains unclear. This study included 7454 Add Health participants (50% female, 77% White, age mean=14.95 and SD = 1.56). Participants were split into three groups, according to whether they were early (aged 11-14 at baseline), mid (aged 15-16), or late (aged 17-20) adolescents at baseline. The trajectories of binge drinking, marijuana, and tobacco use were analysed in latent growth models across Waves 1-5 (1994-2018). Concurrent associations between substance use and hobby engagement were tested at Waves 1-3 separately in the three age groups. Doing hobbies more frequently was associated with lower odds of binge drinking and marijuana and tobacco use in early adolescence. Although there was initially a similar protective association in mid and late adolescence, this had reversed by Wave 3 for binge drinking and marijuana use, when participants were young adults. This change in the association could be a result of differing social contexts, changes in peer influence, or an indication that creative hobbies are particularly beneficial. It could explain previous inconsistent findings and demonstrates the importance of considering developmental differences when investigating engagement in hobbies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Bone
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill K Sonke
- Center for Arts in Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Feifei Bu
- Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Aiello AE, Mishra AA, Martin CL, Levitt B, Gaydosh L, Belsky DW, Hummer RA, Umberson DJ, Harris KM. Familial Loss of a Loved One and Biological Aging: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2421869. [PMID: 39073817 PMCID: PMC11287397 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The link between familial loss of a loved one and long-term health decline is complex and not fully understood. Objective To test associations of losing a parent, sibling, child, or partner or spouse with accelerated biological aging. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a US population-based longitudinal cohort study, were analyzed. Participants were enrolled from 1994 to 1995 for wave 1, while in grades 7 to 12, and followed up through wave 5 in 2018. The study analyzed participant reports of loss collected at each wave from 1 to 5 over 24 years and used a banked wave 5 blood sample for subsequent DNA methylation testing and epigenetic clock calculation from 2018 to 2024. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to July 2024. Exposure Loss of biological parents or parental figures, partners or spouses, siblings, or children at waves 1 to 3 or during childhood, adolescence (aged <18 years), or adulthood at wave 4 to wave 5 (aged 18-43 years). Main Outcomes and Measures Biological aging assessed from blood DNA methylation using the Horvath, PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks at wave 5. Results Data from 3963 participants were analyzed, with a weighted mean (range) age of 38.36 (36.78-39.78) years at wave 5; 2370 (50.3%) were male, 720 (15.97%) were Black, 400 (8.18%) were Hispanic, and 2642 (72.53%) were White. Nearly 40% of participants experienced loss by wave 5 when they were aged 33 to 43 years, and participants who were Black (379 participants [56.67%]), Hispanic (152 participants [41.38%]), and American Indian (18 participants [56.08%]) experienced a greater proportion of losses compared with White participants (884 participants [34.09%]). Those who experienced 2 or more losses tended to have older biological ages for several of the clocks (PhenoAge β = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.28; GrimAge β = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.45; DunedinPACE β = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.34) compared with those with no losses. In contrast, there were no associations with 2 or more losses for the Horvath clock (β = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.23 to 0.06). Conclusions and Relevance This study reveals associations between various measures of loss experienced from childhood to adulthood and biological aging in a diverse sample of the US population. These findings underscore the potentially enduring impact of loss on biological aging even before middle age and may contribute to understanding racial and ethnic disparities in health and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aura Ankita Mishra
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
| | - Chantel L. Martin
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brandt Levitt
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Robert A. Hummer
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Qureshi F, Guimond AJ, Delaney S, Boehm JK, Kubzansky LD. Who Benefits and How: Five Dimensions of Adolescent Psychological Well-Being and Their Relative Impact on Cardiometabolic Health in Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2024; 75:85-93. [PMID: 38493401 PMCID: PMC11180584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positive dimensions of psychological well-being in adolescence may help youth preserve cardiometabolic health (CMH) as they age, but little is known about which aspects of well-being matter most and for whom. This study examines the differential impact of five dimensions of adolescent psychological well-being on CMH maintenance in adulthood and considers social patterning in both their distribution and respective health benefits. METHODS Data were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 3,464), five dimensions of psychological well-being were identified at baseline (1994-1995; mean age = 15 years): happiness, optimism, self-esteem, belonging, and feeling loved. CMH was measured using seven biomarkers related to chronic disease risk in 2008 (mean age = 28 years) and 2016-2018 (mean age = 38 years): high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, C-reactive protein, and body mass index. CMH maintenance in adulthood was characterized as having healthy levels of ≥6 biomarkers at each follow-up. RESULTS Youth who reported higher levels of belonging in the teen years were more likely to maintain CMH across young adulthood than those who reported lower levels, regardless of one's social standing (ORper 1-standard deviation = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03-1.46). Associations with other dimensions of well-being were heterogeneous by sex and race and ethnicity, while differences by socioeconomic factors were less apparent. DISCUSSION Fostering belonging through supportive social environments may help set youth on positive health trajectories and prevent chronic disease across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Qureshi
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Anne-Josee Guimond
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Lee Kum Sheung Center for Health and Happiness, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott Delaney
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia K Boehm
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, California
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Harris KM, Levitt B, Gaydosh L, Martin C, Meyer JM, Mishra AA, Kelly AL, Aiello AE. Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors and Epigenetic Aging in US Young Adults: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2427889. [PMID: 39073811 PMCID: PMC11287395 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Epigenetic clocks represent molecular evidence of disease risk and aging processes and have been used to identify how social and lifestyle characteristics are associated with accelerated biological aging. However, most research is based on samples of older adults who already have measurable chronic disease. Objective To investigate whether and how sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics are associated with biological aging in a younger adult sample across a wide array of epigenetic clock measures. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a US representative cohort of adolescents in grades 7 to 12 in 1994 followed up for 25 years to 2018 over 5 interview waves. Participants who provided blood samples at wave V (2016-2018) were analyzed, with samples tested for DNA methylation (DNAm) in 2021 to 2024. Data were analyzed from February 2023 to May 2024. Exposure Sociodemographic (sex, race and ethnicity, immigrant status, socioeconomic status, and geographic location) and lifestyle (obesity status by body mass index [BMI] in categories of reference range or underweight [<25], overweight [25 to <30], obesity [30 to <40], and severe obesity [≥40]; exercise level; tobacco use; and alcohol use) characteristics were assessed. Main Outcome and Measure Biological aging assessed from banked blood DNAm using 16 epigenetic clocks. Results Data were analyzed from 4237 participants (mean [SD] age, 38.4 [2.0] years; percentage [SE], 51.3% [0.01] female and 48.7% [0.01] male; percentage [SE], 2.7% [<0.01] Asian or Pacific Islander, 16.7% [0.02] Black, 8.7% [0.01] Hispanic, and 71.0% [0.03] White). Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were more often associated with biological aging in clocks trained to estimate morbidity and mortality (eg, PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE) than clocks trained to estimate chronological age (eg, Horvath). For example, the β for an annual income less than $25 000 vs $100 000 or more was 1.99 years (95% CI, 0.45 to 3.52 years) for PhenoAgeAA, 1.70 years (95% CI, 0.68 to 2.72 years) for GrimAgeAA, 0.33 SD (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.48 SD) for DunedinPACE, and -0.17 years (95% CI, -1.08 to 0.74 years) for Horvath1AA. Lower education, lower income, higher obesity levels, no exercise, and tobacco use were associated with faster biological aging across several clocks; associations with GrimAge were particularly robust (no college vs college or higher: β = 2.63 years; 95% CI, 1.67-3.58 years; lower vs higher annual income: <$25 000 vs ≥$100 000: β = 1.70 years; 95% CI, 0.68-2.72 years; severe obesity vs no obesity: β = 1.57 years; 95% CI, 0.51-2.63 years; no weekly exercise vs ≥5 bouts/week: β = 1.33 years; 95% CI, 0.67-1.99 years; current vs no smoking: β = 7.16 years; 95% CI, 6.25-8.07 years). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that important social and lifestyle factors were associated with biological aging in a nationally representative cohort of younger adults. These findings suggest that molecular processes underlying disease risk may be identified in adults entering midlife before disease is manifest and inform interventions aimed at reducing social inequalities in heathy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brandt Levitt
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Lauren Gaydosh
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Chantel Martin
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jess M Meyer
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | | | - Audrey L Kelly
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Miller MK, Goggin K, Stancil SL, Miller E, Ketterer T, Staggs V, McNeill-Johnson AD, Adams A, Mollen CJ. Feasibility of adolescent contraceptive care in the pediatric emergency department: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Acad Emerg Med 2024. [PMID: 38881403 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed feasibility constructs of adolescent contraceptive care in the pediatric emergency department (PED), including contraception initiation. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial in two PEDs with pregnancy-capable adolescents aged 15-18 years who were assigned to enhanced usual care (usual) or same-day initiation (same day). All received counseling and clinic referral, but same-day participants could also receive contraception in the PED. We trained PED clinicians in counseling and prescribing. Adolescents and clinicians rated feasibility using five Likert-type items (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) after the session. We assessed PED medication initiation and appropriateness via medical record review and contraception use and side effects at 30 days via adolescent survey. To further explore feasibility, we conducted clinician interviews at study completion; these were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. We hypothesized contraceptive care would be feasible (defined as average score ≥ 4 across five survey items). RESULTS We enrolled 37 adolescents (12 in usual and 25 in same-day), mean age was 16.6 years, 73% were Black, and 19% were Hispanic. We trained 27 clinicians. Average feasibility scores were 4.6 ± 0.4 (adolescents) and 4.1 ± 0.8 (clinicians). Eleven (44%) same-day participants initiated contraception in the PED. One adolescent with migraines initially received estrogen-containing pills; this was corrected after discharge. At 30 days, same-day participants were more likely to report contraception use (78% vs. 13%; p = 0.007). One adolescent reported bloating as a side effect. Clinicians enjoyed delivering contraceptive care, found study resource materials useful, and identified staffing shortages as a barrier to care delivery. CONCLUSIONS We are among the first to report on PED-based adolescent contraception initiation to prevent unintended pregnancy. Adolescents and clinicians reported that contraceptive care was feasible. Initiation was common and medications were largely appropriate and tolerated. Future efforts should explore integrating contraceptive care into routine PED care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Services of Outcomes Research Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephani L Stancil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Public Health and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tara Ketterer
- Policy Lab, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research-Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vince Staggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Services of Outcomes Research Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- IDDI Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - April D McNeill-Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Amber Adams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Vibrant Health, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Cynthia J Mollen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine-University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Demedis J, Bingen K, Cherven B, Frederick NN, Freyer DR, Levine J, Bhutada JS, Quinn GP, Bober SL, DuVall AS. Development of a Patient-Reported Sexual Health Outcomes Battery for Use in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Clinical Trials. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:369-373. [PMID: 38569163 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Demedis
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristin Bingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brooke Cherven
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Natasha N Frederick
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David R Freyer
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Levine
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Section of Oncology, Childrens National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jessica Sheth Bhutada
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gwendolyn P Quinn
- Department of OB-GYN, Perlmutter Cancer Center, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L Bober
- Department of Psychooncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam S DuVall
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Thompson MP, Hudson-Flege M, Hancock K. Long-term Impacts of Civic Engagement during Emerging Adulthood: A Nationally-representative Study. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:641-647. [PMID: 38233344 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241227298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined if civic engagement during emerging adulthood positively impacted a broad array of outcomes in middle adulthood, and if associations varied based on race, gender, age, and urban-rural status. DESIGN Prospective design used to determine if civic engagement during emerging adulthood (M age = 21.81) predicted outcomes 15 years later. SETTING Restricted data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. SUBJECTS Wave 1 participants who completed surveys 7 years (77% follow-up rate), 14 years (80% follow-up rate), and 22 years later (follow-up rate 72%) and who had valid sampling weight to ensure national representativeness (n = 9349). MEASURES Predictor - civic engagement; Outcomes-mental health, substance use, criminal behaviors, and healthy behavior. ANALYSIS Linear regression using MPLUS 7.2. RESULTS Civic engagement predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms (b = -1.05, SE = .28), criminal behaviors (b = -.47, SE = .12), and substance use (b = -.66, SE = .13), and higher levels of healthy behaviors (b = 1.26, SE = .19), after controlling for demographics, family, peer, neighborhood, and school-related background variables. Moderation analyses revealed that civic engagement benefited females and white participants more. CONCLUSION Civic engagement during emerging adulthood has a positive impact on a broad array of outcomes in middle adulthood. Implications and future research recommendations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martie P Thompson
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Hudson-Flege
- Institute for Health and Human Services, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
| | - Kayla Hancock
- Department of Public Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA
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26
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Reynolds A, Greenfield EA, Nepomnyaschy L. Disparate benefits of higher childhood socioeconomic status on cognition in young adulthood by intersectional social positions. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2024; 60:100608. [PMID: 38552532 PMCID: PMC11129928 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging evidence supports the protective effects of higher childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) on cognition over the life course. However, less understood is if higher cSES confers benefits equally across intersecting social positions. Guided by a situational intersectionality perspective and the theory of Minority Diminished Returns (MDR), this study examined the extent to which associations between cSES and cognition in young adulthood are jointly moderated by racialized identity and region of childhood residence. METHODS Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we used multilevel modeling to test associations between cSES and delayed recall and working memory 14 years later when participants were ages 25-34. Further, we examined the influence of racialized identity and region of childhood residence on these associations. RESULTS Higher cSES was associated with higher delayed recall and working memory scores across social positions. However, the strength of the association between higher cSES and working memory differed across racialized subgroups and region of childhood residence. We found a statistically significant three-way interaction between cSES, race and region of childhood residence. Of particular important, a small yet statistically robust association was found in all groups, but was especially strong among White Southerners and especially weak among Black participants from the South. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to a growing body of research indicating that the protective effects of higher cSES on cognition are not universal across subgroups of intersecting social positions, consistent with the theory of MDR. These findings provide evidence for the importance of considering the role of systemic racism across geographic contexts as part of initiatives to promote equity in life course cognitive aging and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addam Reynolds
- Andrus Gerontology Center, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Emily A Greenfield
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lenna Nepomnyaschy
- School of Social Work, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Gaydosh L, Harris KM. Institutional Context Shapes the Physical Health of College Graduates Differently for U.S. White, Black, and Hispanic Adults. Demography 2024; 61:933-966. [PMID: 38809598 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-11380743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Greater educational attainment is generally associated with healthier and longer lives. However, important heterogeneity in who benefits from educational attainment, how much, and why remains underexplored. In particular, in the United States, the physical health returns to educational attainment are not as large for minoritized racial and ethnic groups compared with individuals racialized as White. Yet, our current understanding of ethnoracial differences in educational health disparities is limited by an almost exclusive focus on the quantity of education attained without sufficient attention to heterogeneity within educational attainment categories, such as different institution types among college graduates. Using biomarker data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we test whether the physical health of college graduates in early adulthood (aged 24-32) varies by institution type and for White, Black, and Hispanic adults. In considering the role of the college context, we conceptualize postsecondary institutions as horizontally stratified and racialized institutional spaces with different implications for the health of their graduates. Finally, we quantify the role of differential attendance at and returns to postsecondary institution type in shaping ethnoracialized health disparities among college graduates in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Gaydosh
- Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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28
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Hargrove TW. Mental Health across the Early Life Course at the Intersection of Race, Skin Tone, and School Racial Context. SOCIAL FORCES; A SCIENTIFIC MEDIUM OF SOCIAL STUDY AND INTERPRETATION 2024; 102:1398-1423. [PMID: 38774030 PMCID: PMC11104712 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Prior research documents higher levels of depressive symptoms among Black Americans relative to Whites. Yet, we know less about the role of other dimensions of stratification (e.g., skin tone) in shaping mental health inequality between Black and White adults, and whether mental health trajectories by race and skin tone among Black adults are contingent upon social contexts in childhood and adolescence. To address these gaps, this study asks: 1) to what extent do self-identified race and interviewer-rated skin tone among Black respondents shape inequalities in depressive symptoms between Black and White Americans across ages 12-42? 2) Are trajectories of depressive symptoms by race and skin tone among Black respondents contingent on school racial contexts (e.g., school racial composition)? Using five waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and growth curve models, results suggest trajectories of depressive symptoms across ages 12-42 vary by race, school racial context, and skin tone among Black respondents. Specifically, Black students rated as having very dark, dark, and medium brown skin who attended high proportion Black schools in adolescence experienced lower levels of depressive symptoms than their White and light-skinned Black counterparts, particularly across the teen years and early 20s. Conversely, attending higher proportion White schools led to increases in depressive symptoms across earlier ages for Black students, particularly those who fell within the middle of the skin color continuum. Findings highlight competing advantages and disadvantages of navigating racialized spaces in childhood/adolescence for Black Americans of different skin tones.
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Venechuk G. Peeking under the Hood of Job Stress: How Men and Women's Stress Levels Vary by Typologies of Job Quality and Family Composition. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 65:200-220. [PMID: 37830411 PMCID: PMC11229939 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231195661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes to work and family norms and polices over the last several decades have reshaped both the job quality and the nature of job and family formation in the United States. Neoliberal policies have generated a slew of flexible but precarious working conditions; labor force participation is now the modal path for all genders regardless of parental or marital status. Leveraging data on 3,419 working men and women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, I use granular measures of job quality to identify distinct job quality-family typologies among both men and women in early adulthood to midadulthood to examine differential implications for psychological and physiological stress. I find four types among men and three among women. Family formation and job prestige appear to differentiate stressful from nonstressful jobs for men; stress outcomes for women are more complex, with job characteristics such as flexibility playing a greater role.
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Parker M, Self‐Brown SR, Rahimi A, Fang X. Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Hypertension in Early Middle Adulthood. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030403. [PMID: 38619293 PMCID: PMC11179928 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies have used cross-sectional or limited follow-up data to evaluate the relationship between social isolation (SI) and hypertension in older populations. The objective of this analysis was to examine the relationship between longitudinal SI and hypertension in a younger population. METHODS AND RESULTS The present analysis used data from waves I to V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2018) and logistic regression models to describe the association of timing, duration, and transitional patterns of SI with hypertension in early middle adulthood. Models were adjusted for demographic variables and adolescent socioeconomic and health-related confounders. SI was higher across life stages among individuals with hypertension (adolescence: 38% versus 35%, young adulthood: 52% versus 44%, and early middle adulthood: 61% versus 52%). Individuals who were socially isolated in young adulthood or early middle adulthood had greater odds of hypertension in early middle adulthood than those who were not (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.07-1.56]; OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.15-1.76], respectively). Early middle adulthood hypertension was significantly associated with persistent SI across all life stages and for those who moved into persistent SI after adolescence (OR, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.02-1.93]; OR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.18-2.19], respectively). CONCLUSIONS SI in young or early middle adulthood significantly increased the odds of hypertension, as did moving into SI and the accumulation of SI across life stages. Our analysis provides insights regarding timing for effective interventions to reduce hypertension earlier in the life course, which may prevent future adverse cardiovascular-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Parker
- School of Public HealthGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
| | | | | | - Xiangming Fang
- School of Public HealthGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
- College of Economics and ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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31
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Lebenbaum M, de Oliveira C, Gagnon F, Laporte A. Child health and its effect on adult social capital accumulation. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2024; 33:844-869. [PMID: 38236659 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated important effects of poor health in childhood on stocks of human and health capital, little research has tested economic theories to investigate the effect of child health on social capital in adulthood. Studies on the influence of child health on adult social capital are mixed and have not used sibling fixed effects models to account for unmeasured family and genetic characteristics, that are likely to be important. Using the Add-Health sample, health in childhood was assessed as self-rated health, the occurrence of a physical health condition or mental health condition, while social capital in adulthood was measured as volunteering, religious service attendance, team sports participation, number of friends, social isolation, and social support. We used sibling fixed effects models, which attenuated several associations to non-significance. In sibling fixed effects models there was significant positive effects of greater self-rated health on participation in team sports and social support, and negative effect of mental health in childhood on social isolation in adulthood. These results suggest that children with poor health require additional supports to build and maintain their stock of social capital and highlight further potential benefits to efforts that address poor child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lebenbaum
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health Economics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claire de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health Economics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Health Economics and the Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - France Gagnon
- The Dalla Lana School of Public Health (DLSPH), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Laporte
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Health Economics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Silva T. Self-Rated Masculinity and Femininity and Reported Number of Lifetime Sexual Partners Among Cisgender Heterosexual and LGBQ Men and Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:1633-1644. [PMID: 38097871 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02756-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Prior research has quantitatively examined why heterosexual men and women report different numbers of lifetime different-sex sexual partners, whereas qualitative work has analyzed how men's masculinity-and to a lesser extent, women's femininity-is tied to gender norms about sexual activity. Less research, however, has quantitatively examined the associations between self-rated masculinity and femininity and reported number of lifetime sexual partners. This brief report uses a large sample of Canadians (n = 2117) to examine how self-rated masculinity and femininity relate to reported numbers of sexual partners among four groups of cisgender people: (1) heterosexual men (n = 972), (2) heterosexual women (n = 979), (3) gay and bisexual/pansexual men (n = 99), and (4) lesbian and bisexual/pansexual women (n = 67). Results demonstrate that self-rated femininity was negatively, and masculinity positively, associated with reported numbers of lifetime different-sex sexual partners among heterosexual women. No significant associations emerged for other groups. The lack of significant associations among heterosexual men may be attributable to the fact that most rated themselves as very masculine and not very feminine, whereas there was more variation among heterosexual women. In contrast, the non-significance among LGBQ women and men could reflect that subcultural norms and practices more strongly shape the number of sexual partners individuals report having in these communities. These results demonstrate that it would be beneficial for researchers to measure self-rated masculinity and femininity in future studies about sexual partnering practices, especially among heterosexual cisgender women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Silva
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, 6303 NW Marine Drive, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Doan TT, Hutton DW, Wright DR, Prosser LA. Estimating Transition Probabilities for Modeling Major Depression in Adolescents by Sex and Race or Ethnicity Combinations in the USA. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2024; 22:375-390. [PMID: 38253972 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-024-00872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE About one-fifth of US adolescents experienced major depressive symptoms, but few studies have examined longitudinal trends of adolescents developing depression or recovering by demographic factors. We estimated new transition probability inputs, and then used them in a simulation model to project the epidemiologic burden and trajectory of depression of diverse adolescents by sex and race or ethnicity combinations. METHODS Transition probabilities were first derived using parametric survival analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health and then calibrated to cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We developed a cohort state-transition model to simulate age-specific depression outcomes of US adolescents. A hypothetical adolescent cohort was modeled from 12-22 years with annual transitions. Model outcomes included proportions of youth experiencing depression, recovery, or depression-free cases and were reported for a US adolescent population by sex, race or ethnicity, and sex and race or ethnicity combinations. RESULTS At 22 years of age, approximately 16% of adolescents had depression, 12% were in recovery, and 72% had never developed depression. Depression prevalence peaked around 16-17 years-old. Adolescents of multiracial or other race or ethnicity, White, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish descent were more likely to experience depression than other racial or ethnic groups. Depression trajectories generated by the model matched well with historical observational studies by sex and race or ethnicity, except for individuals from American Indian or Alaska Native and multiracial or other race or ethnicity backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS This study validated new transition probabilities for future use in decision models evaluating adolescent depression policies or interventions. Different sets of transition parameters by demographic factors (sex and race or ethnicity combinations) were generated to support future health equity research, including distributional cost-effectiveness analysis. Further data disaggregated with respect to race, ethnicity, religion, income, geography, gender identity, sexual orientation, and disability would be helpful to project accurate estimates for historically minoritized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran T Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3414 Fifth Avenue, 1st Floor, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-3205, USA.
| | - David W Hutton
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Davene R Wright
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A Prosser
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Benner AD, Chen S, Fernandez CC, Hayward MD. The Potential for Using a Shortened Version of the Everyday Discrimination Scale in Population Research with Young Adults: A Construct Validation Investigation. SOCIOLOGICAL METHODS & RESEARCH 2024; 53:804-838. [PMID: 38813255 PMCID: PMC11136476 DOI: 10.1177/00491241211067512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Discrimination is associated with numerous psychological health outcomes over the life course. The nine-item Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS) is one of the most widely used measures of discrimination; however, this nine-item measure may not be feasible in large-scale population health surveys where a shortened discrimination measure would be advantageous. The current study examined the construct validity of a combined two-item discrimination measure adapted from the EDS by Add Health (N = 14,839) as compared to the full nine-item EDS and a two-item EDS scale (parallel to the adapted combined measure) used in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL; N = 1,111) and National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) studies (N = 1,055). Results identified convergence among the EDS scales, with high item-total correlations, convergent validity, and criterion validity for psychological outcomes, thus providing evidence for the construct validity of the two-item combined scale. Taken together, the findings provide support for using this reduced scale in studies where the full EDS scale is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprile D. Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shanting Chen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Celeste C. Fernandez
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark D. Hayward
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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35
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Dent KR, Brennan GM, Khalifeh L, Richmond-Rakerd LS. Midlife diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk: testing shared origins in adolescent psychopathology. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38618989 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising midlife mortality in the United States is largely attributable to 'deaths of despair' (deaths from suicide, drug poisonings, and alcohol-related diseases) and deaths from cardiometabolic conditions. Although despair- and cardiometabolic-related mortality are increasing concurrently, it is unclear whether they share common developmental origins. We tested adolescent psychopathology as a potential common origin of midlife diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS Participants (N = 4578) were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative cohort followed from adolescence to early midlife. Adolescent psychopathology included depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, conduct disorder, and ADHD at ages 11-18. Diseases of despair (suicidality, substance misuse, pain, and sleep problems) and cardiometabolic risk (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, high-risk waist circumference, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions) were multi-modally measured at ages 33-43. RESULTS At midlife, adolescents who experienced psychopathology exhibited more indicators of despair-related diseases and cardiometabolic risk (IRRs = 1.67 [1.46-1.87] and 1.13 [1.04-1.21], respectively), even after accounting for demographics, adolescent SES, and adolescent cognitive ability. Associations were evident for internalizing and externalizing conditions, and in a dose-response fashion. In mediation analyses, low education explained little of these associations, but early-adult substance use explained 21.5% of psychopathology's association with despair-related diseases. Midlife despair-related diseases and cardiometabolic risk co-occurred within individuals (IRR = 1.12 [1.08-1.16]). Adolescent psychopathology accounted for 8.3% of this co-occurrence, and 16.7% together with adolescent SES and cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent psychopathology precedes both diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk. Prevention and treatment of psychopathology may mitigate multiple causes of poor midlife health, reducing premature mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallisse R Dent
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Grace M Brennan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Aging Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lara Khalifeh
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Córdoba-Grueso WS, Galaviz KI, Parker MA. Aerobic exercise during adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A cohort study using Add Health. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301253. [PMID: 38603706 PMCID: PMC11008857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of anxiety disorders, and mental chronic diseases, has increased over the last decade among adolescents. Since aerobic exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases and stress symptoms, we aimed to examine the association between aerobic exercise in adolescence and anxiety disorders in adulthood. METHODS Self-reported, publicly available data from 5,114 adolescents who participated in Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was analyzed from 1994-2009. We included US-based individuals aged 16 years on average and observed them for 15 years. Weighted Poisson regression models estimated the association between aerobic exercise in Wave I (1994, baseline) and anxiety disorders in Wave IV (2009, adulthood), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and substance use at baseline. RESULTS Overall, 639/5,114 (weighted 12.96%) individuals experienced anxiety disorders at baseline. Age and sex differed significantly across all exercise groups (p's<0.001). Aerobic exercise did not significantly protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood: compared to adolescents who did not exercise at all, those who exercised 1-2 times/week had 0.85 times the prevalence of anxiety disorders during adulthood (95% CI = 0.65, 1.12; p = 0.25). Those who exercised 3-4 times/week had 0.81 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.61, 1.08, p = 0.15) and those who exercised 5+ times/week had 0.84 times the prevalence (95% CI = 0.63, 1.13, p = 0.25) than those who did not exercise at all. CONCLUSION Aerobic Exercise in adolescence did not protect against anxiety disorders in adulthood. More evidence is needed on this association, including using homogeneous measures of exercise and repeated measures methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S. Córdoba-Grueso
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Karla I. Galaviz
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Parker
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States of America
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Parsons S, McCormick EM. Limitations of two time point data for understanding individual differences in longitudinal modeling - What can difference reveal about change? Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101353. [PMID: 38335910 PMCID: PMC10864828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging neuroimaging studies investigating changes in the brain aim to collect sufficient data points to examine trajectories of change across key developmental periods. Yet, current studies are often constrained by the number of time points available now. We demonstrate that these constraints should be taken seriously and that studies with two time points should focus on particular questions (e.g., group-level or intervention effects), while complex questions of individual differences and investigations into causes and consequences of those differences should be deferred until additional time points can be incorporated into models of change. We generated underlying longitudinal data and fit models with 2, 3, 4, and 5 time points across 1000 samples. While fixed effects could be recovered on average even with few time points, recovery of individual differences was particularly poor for the two time point model, correlating at r = 0.41 with the true individual parameters - meaning these scores share only 16.8% of variance As expected, models with more time points recovered the growth parameter more accurately; yet parameter recovery for the three time point model was still low, correlating around r = 0.57. We argue that preliminary analyses on early subsets of time points in longitudinal analyses should focus on these average or group-level effects and that individual difference questions should be addressed in samples that maximize the number of time points available. We conclude with recommendations for researchers using early time point models, including ideas for preregistration, careful interpretation of 2 time point results, and treating longitudinal analyses as dynamic, where early findings are updated as additional information becomes available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Parsons
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ethan M McCormick
- Cognitive Neuroscience Department, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Methodology & Statistics Department, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Boardman JD, Harris KM, Finch BK. Pathways between a polygenic index for education and years of completed schooling: the presentation of self and assessment of others. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2024; 69:102-109. [PMID: 38828740 PMCID: PMC11208116 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2024.2355891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polygenic scores (PGS) are broadly misconstrued as reflecting direct causal genetic effects on their respective phenotypes. While this assumption might be accurate for some anthropometric traits like height, more complex traits such as educational attainment show very large indirect effects that stem from many sources. One unexplored source of confounding is the possibility of evocative gene-environment correlation (rGE). Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine the relationship between interviewer assessments of respondent appearance as a function of education PGS. We show a bivariate association between educational PGS and 1) perceived grooming, 2) physical attractiveness, and 3) personality. We then regress years of education on the educational PGS and show that very little of the association (~1-2%) is mediated by attractiveness or personality but 7.5% of the baseline association is confounded with how others may perceive grooming. These results highlight the importance of social-behavioral mechanisms that may link specific genotypes to successful transitions through high school and college and continue to bridge research from the social and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian Karl Finch
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Sociology & Spatial Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Zamani-Hank Y, Brincks A, Talge NM, Slaughter-Acey J, Margerison C. The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Preterm Delivery: A Latent Class Approach. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:522-531. [PMID: 38457646 PMCID: PMC11250838 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Racial and socioeconomic status (SES) disparities in preterm delivery (PTD) have existed in the United States for decades. Disproportionate maternal exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may increase the risk for adverse birth outcomes. Moreover, racial and SES disparities exist in the prevalence of ACEs, underscoring the need for research that examines whether ACEs contribute to racial and SES disparities in PTD. Methods: We examined the relationship between ACEs and PTD in a longitudinal sample of N = 3,884 women from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1994-2018). We applied latent class analysis to (1) identify subgroups of women characterized by patterns of ACE occurrence; (2) estimate the association between latent class membership (LCM) and PTD, and (3) examine whether race and SES influence LCM or the association between LCM and PTD. Results: Two latent classes were identified, with women in the high ACEs class characterized by a higher probability of emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and foster care placement compared with the low ACEs class, but neither class was associated with PTD. Race and SES did not predict LCM. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that ACEs may not impact PTD risk in previously hypothesized ways. Future research should assess the impact of ACEs on the probability of having live birth pregnancies as well as the role of potential protective factors in mitigating the impact of ACEs on PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamean Zamani-Hank
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ahnalee Brincks
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole M. Talge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jaime Slaughter-Acey
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire Margerison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Orak U, Soileau C, Harter J, Dobson C, Huey Dye M. Juvenile Violent Victimization and Adult Criminal Outcomes: The Role of Military Service as a Turning Point in Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:1830-1852. [PMID: 37970803 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231211923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has consistently shown that juvenile violent victimization is associated with an increased risk of future criminal involvement, a phenomenon commonly known as victim-offender overlap. Despite a growing interest in the factors underlying this overlap, potential roles of major life transitions and turning points that may interrupt and reshape the nature of this developmental association have garnered less academic attention. Analyzing nationally representative data from waves I, IV, and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health; n = 10,205), this study investigates the association between juvenile violent victimization and adult criminal outcomes (i.e., violent offending, non-violent offending, arrest, and incarceration) and whether this association is moderated by military service with and without combat experience in young adulthood. Employing a series of logistic regression analyses and adjusting for a host of covariates, measures of selection, and criminogenic traits, we found that juvenile violent victimization was significantly associated with greater odds of violent offending, arrest, and incarceration in adulthood. Among individuals with violent victimization histories, military service with no combat experience was associated with a 16% decrease in the odds of incarceration in adulthood. Combat experience, however, was associated with over seven times greater odds of violent offending in adulthood for these individuals. These findings have important implications for theory, research, and practice, and highlight the relevance of life transitions and turning points in general, and military service in particular, in mitigating or perpetuating the criminogenic impacts of violent victimization in the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Orak
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Christine Soileau
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Jessica Harter
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Claire Dobson
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
| | - Meredith Huey Dye
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA
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Momkus J, Aiello AE, Stebbins R, Zhang Y, Harris KM. Sociodemographic patterns in biomarkers of aging in the Add Health cohort. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2024; 69:57-74. [PMID: 38551453 PMCID: PMC11209792 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2024.2334687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers in population health research serve as indicators of incremental physiological deterioration and contribute to our understanding of mechanisms through which social disparities in health unfold over time. Yet, few population-based studies incorporate biomarkers of aging in early midlife, when disease risks may emerge and progress across the life course. We describe the distributions of several biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration and their variation by sociodemographic characteristics using blood samples collected during Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ages 33-44 years). Higher mean levels of inflammatory and neurodegenerative biomarkers were associated with greater socioeconomic disadvantage. For example, the neurodegenerative markers, Neurofilament Light Chain and total Tau proteins were higher among lower income groups, though the relationship was not statistically significant. Similarly, proinflammatory marker Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) levels were higher among those with lower education. Significant differences in the mean levels of other proinflammatory markers were observed by race/ethnicity, sex, census region, BMI, and smoking status. These descriptive findings indicate that disparities in biomarkers associated with aging are already evident among young adults in their 30s and attention should focus on age-related disease risk earlier in the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Momkus
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Rebecca Stebbins
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York City, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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Harris KM, Levitt B, Gaydosh L, Martin C, Meyer JM, Mishra AA, Kelly AL, Aiello AE. The Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Correlates of Epigenetic Aging in a Nationally Representative U.S. Study of Younger Adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.585983. [PMID: 38585956 PMCID: PMC10996523 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.585983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Importance Epigenetic clocks represent molecular evidence of disease risk and aging processes and have been used to identify how social and lifestyle characteristics are associated with accelerated biological aging. However, most of this research is based on older adult samples who already have measurable chronic disease. Objective To investigate whether and how sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics are related to biological aging in a younger adult sample across a wide array of epigenetic clock measures. Design Nationally representative prospective cohort study. Setting United States (U.S.). Participants Data come from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a national cohort of adolescents in grades 7-12 in U.S. in 1994 followed for 25 years over five interview waves. Our analytic sample includes participants followed-up through Wave V in 2016-18 who provided blood samples for DNA methylation (DNAm) testing (n=4237) at Wave V. Exposure Sociodemographic (sex, race/ethnicity, immigrant status, socioeconomic status, geographic location) and lifestyle (obesity status, exercise, tobacco, and alcohol use) characteristics. Main Outcome Biological aging assessed from blood DNAm using 16 epigenetic clocks when the cohort was aged 33-44 in Wave V. Results While there is considerable variation in the mean and distribution of epigenetic clock estimates and in the correlations among the clocks, we found sociodemographic and lifestyle factors are more often associated with biological aging in clocks trained to predict current or dynamic phenotypes (e.g., PhenoAge, GrimAge and DunedinPACE) as opposed to clocks trained to predict chronological age alone (e.g., Horvath). Consistent and strong associations of faster biological aging were found for those with lower levels of education and income, and those with severe obesity, no weekly exercise, and tobacco use. Conclusions and Relevance Our study found important social and lifestyle factors associated with biological aging in a nationally representative cohort of younger-aged adults. These findings indicate that molecular processes underlying disease risk can be identified in adults entering midlife before disease is manifest and represent useful targets for interventions to reduce social inequalities in heathy aging and longevity. Key Points Question: Are epigenetic clocks, measures of biological aging developed mainly on older-adult samples, meaningful for younger adults and associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in expected patterns found in prior aging research?Findings: Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were associated with biological aging in clocks trained to predict morbidity and mortality showing accelerated aging among those with lower levels of education and income, and those with severe obesity, no weekly exercise, and tobacco use.Meaning: Age-related molecular processes can be identified in younger-aged adults before disease manifests and represent potential interventions to reduce social inequalities in heathy aging and longevity.
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Stephenson M, Barr P, Thomas N, Cooke M, Latvala A, Rose RJ, Kaprio J, Dick D, Salvatore JE. Patterns and predictors of alcohol misuse trajectories from adolescence through early midlife. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38465371 PMCID: PMC11387953 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We took a multilevel developmental contextual approach and characterized trajectories of alcohol misuse from adolescence through early midlife, examined genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in those trajectories, and identified adolescent and young adult factors associated with change in alcohol misuse. Data were from two longitudinal population-based studies. FinnTwin16 is a study of Finnish twins assessed at 16, 17, 18, 25, and 35 years (N = 5659; 52% female; 32% monozygotic). The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) is a study of adolescents from the United States, who were assessed at five time points from 1994 to 2018 (N = 18026; 50% female; 64% White, 21% Black, 4% Native American, 7% Asian, 9% Other race/ethnicity). Alcohol misuse was measured as frequency of intoxication in FinnTwin16 and frequency of binge drinking in Add Health. In both samples, trajectories of alcohol misuse were best described by a quadratic growth curve: Alcohol misuse increased across adolescence, peaked in young adulthood, and declined into early midlife. Individual differences in these trajectories were primarily explained by environmental factors. Several adolescent and young adult correlates were related to the course of alcohol misuse, including other substance use, physical and mental health, and parenthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Stephenson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Megan Cooke
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Antti Latvala
- Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Jeune SC, Graziano P, Campa A, Coccia CC. Interoception and self-regulation of eating behaviors and weight status in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38442359 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2319200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between interoception, self-regulation, eating behaviors, and weight status among college students. PARTICIPANTS 229 female undergraduates, predominantly classified as Juniors (51.1%) and identified as Hispanic/Latinx (75%) with a mean age of 23.4 (SD = 6.3), were examined. METHODS Cross-sectional data using baseline measures from a larger, longitudinal study, were examined. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling were conducted to test hypotheses. RESULTS Interoception was directly associated to self-regulation. Interoception and self-regulation were inversely associated with non-purposeful eating. Non-purposeful eating was directly associated with weight status. CONCLUSION This study provided empirical evidence on the associations between interoception, self-regulation, eating behaviors, and weight status. Our results support the need for programs that target college students' cognitive skills to reduce unhealthy eating behaviors and optimize weight status. Future interventions are needed to enhance interoception and self-regulation skills so that college students can be more purposeful in their eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanté C Jeune
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Paulo Graziano
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adriana Campa
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine C Coccia
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Ding W, Xu Y, Kondracki AJ, Sun Y. Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:315-329.e31. [PMID: 37820985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated female reproductive events represent the early onset of reproductive events involving puberty, menarche, pregnancy loss, first sexual intercourse, first birth, parity, and menopause. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood adversity and accelerated female reproductive events. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched from September 22, 2022 to September 23, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in human populations were included if they reported the time of reproductive events for female individuals with experience of childhood adversity and were published in English. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened studies, obtained data, and assessed study quality, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Dichotomous outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated using random-effects models. Moderation analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 21 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies were identified. Overall, female individuals with childhood adversity were nearly 2 times more likely to report accelerated reproductive events than those with no adversity exposure (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.76; I2=99.6%; P<.001). Moderation analysis indicated that effect sizes for the types of childhood adversity ranged from an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.09) for low socioeconomic status to 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.99) for dysfunctional family dynamics. Among the 7 groups based on different reproductive events, including early onset of puberty, early menarche, early sexual initiation, teenage childbirth, preterm birth, pregnancy loss, and early menopause, early sexual initiation had a nonsignificant correlation with childhood adversity (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-8.30; I2=99.9%; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity (I2>75%) between estimates was observed for over half of the outcomes. Age, study type, and method of data collection could explain 35.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION The literature tentatively corroborates that female individuals who reported adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience accelerated reproductive events. This association is especially strong for exposure to abuse and dysfunctional family dynamics. However, the heterogeneity among studies was high, requiring caution in interpreting the findings and highlighting the need for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that influence accelerated female reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anthony J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Reynolds A, Greenfield EA, Williams-Butler A. Early life adversity, race, and childhood socioeconomic status: intersecting drivers of later life cognition. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:511-519. [PMID: 37572032 PMCID: PMC10859546 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2242296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on associations between early life adversity (ELA) and later life cognition has yielded mixed results and generally have not considered how broader societal systems of stratification potentially influence associations. The current study addresses this gap by exploring if racialized identity and childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) moderate associations between ELA exposure and later life cognition. METHODS Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (Waves 2010-2018), we used growth curve modeling to examine if the confluence of ELA, cSES, and racialized identity is associated with cognition. RESULTS Among White participants, greater exposure to ELA was associated with poorer baseline cognitive functioning, and higher cSES buffered against this association. Among Black participants, exposure to ELA was not associated with baseline cognitive functioning, regardless of cSES. We did not find evidence of any associations between main predictors nor their interactions with change in cognition over time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that associations between ELA and later life cognition is contingent upon multiple social positions in the United States. These findings support the importance of integrating insights on intersecting social positions within life-course-oriented efforts to reduce racialized cognitive disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addam Reynolds
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Yang YC, Walsh CE, Shartle K, Stebbins RC, Aiello AE, Belsky DW, Harris KM, Chanti-Ketterl M, Plassman BL. An Early and Unequal Decline: Life Course Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in the United States. J Aging Health 2024; 36:230-245. [PMID: 37335551 PMCID: PMC10728348 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231184593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Cognitive aging is a lifelong process with implications for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. This study aims to fill major gaps in research on the natural history of and social disparities in aging-related cognitive decline over the life span. Methods: We conducted integrative data analysis of four large U.S. population-based longitudinal studies of individuals aged 12 to 105 followed over two decades and modeled age trajectories of cognitive function in multiple domains. Results: We found evidence for the onset of cognitive decline in the 4th decade of life, varying gender differences with age, and persistent disadvantage among non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and those without college education. We further found improvement in cognitive function across 20th century birth cohorts but widening social inequalities in more recent cohorts. Discussion: These findings advance an understanding of early life origins of dementia risk and invite future research on strategies for promoting cognitive health for all Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang C. Yang
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine E. Walsh
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlin Shartle
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Stebbins
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic, & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marianne Chanti-Ketterl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brenda L. Plassman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Smith J, Wolfinger NH. Re-Examining the Link Between Premarital Sex and Divorce. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2024; 45:674-696. [PMID: 38571758 PMCID: PMC10989935 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x231155673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Premarital sex predicts divorce, but we do not know why. Scholars have attributed the relationship to factors such as differences in beliefs and values, but these explanations have not been tested. It is further unclear how this relationship changes by number of sexual partners, or differs by gender. We re-examine this relationship with event history models using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Models include measures of adolescent beliefs and values, religious background, and personal characteristics, as well as approximate number of premarital sexual partners in young adulthood. We find the relationship between premarital sex and divorce is highly significant and robust even when accounting for early-life factors. Compared to people with no premarital partners other than eventual spouses, those with nine or more partners exhibit the highest divorce risk, followed by those with one to eight partners. There is no evidence of gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Smith
- Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Ezzatvar Y, López-Gil JF, Izquierdo M, García-Hermoso A. Maintaining an active lifestyle from adolescence to adulthood might alleviate the adverse association of preterm birth with cardiometabolic health. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102966. [PMID: 38422778 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to determine whether physical activity attenuates preterm birth's adverse effects on adult cardiometabolic health. METHODS This retrospective study utilized data from the Add Health Study, a prospective cohort conducted in the United States. During Wave V (mean age: 37 years; 60.7% women; mean body mass index: 29 kg/m2; mean waist circumference: 95 cm), we evaluated cardiometabolic risk factors and preterm birth status (i.e., born <37 weeks). Self-reported physical activity data was collected through questionnaires during Waves I (ages 12-19) and Wave V. An "active lifestyle" was defined by adherence to recommendations during both waves, spanning from adolescence to adulthood. RESULTS The sample, comprising 3320 individuals, with 9.5% being preterm, included 7.6% who remained physically active throughout both adolescence and adulthood. Preterm-born individuals who were inactive had higher rates of obesity (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.84), abdominal obesity (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.11-1.92), hyperlipidemia (IRR 3.50, 95% CI 1.94-4.29), type 2 diabetes (IRR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.12-5.01), and metabolic syndrome (IRR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.17-5.80) compared to active term-born individuals. Maintaining an active lifestyle appeared to decrease the risk of obesity and hyperlipidemia in adults born preterm (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS While preterm birth is associated with an elevated risk of adult cardiometabolic risk, maintaining an active lifestyle appeared to slightly mitigate the risk of obesity and hyperlipidemia in adults born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Ezzatvar
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Bodelet J, Potente C, Blanc G, Chumbley J, Imeri H, Hofer S, Harris KM, Muniz-Terrera G, Shanahan M. A Bayesian functional approach to test models of life course epidemiology over continuous time. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad190. [PMID: 38205821 PMCID: PMC10859158 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life course epidemiology examines associations between repeated measures of risk and health outcomes across different phases of life. Empirical research, however, is often based on discrete-time models that assume that sporadic measurement occasions fully capture underlying long-term continuous processes of risk. METHODS We propose (i) the functional relevant life course model (fRLM), which treats repeated, discrete measures of risk as unobserved continuous processes, and (ii) a testing procedure to assign probabilities that the data correspond to conceptual models of life course epidemiology (critical period, sensitive period and accumulation models). The performance of the fRLM is evaluated with simulations, and the approach is illustrated with empirical applications relating body mass index (BMI) to mRNA-seq signatures of chronic kidney disease, inflammation and breast cancer. RESULTS Simulations reveal that fRLM identifies the correct life course model with three to five repeated assessments of risk and 400 subjects. The empirical examples reveal that chronic kidney disease reflects a critical period process and inflammation and breast cancer likely reflect sensitive period mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The proposed fRLM treats repeated measures of risk as continuous processes and, under realistic data scenarios, the method provides accurate probabilities that the data correspond to commonly studied models of life course epidemiology. fRLM is implemented with publicly-available software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bodelet
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Potente
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Blanc
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Justin Chumbley
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biostatistics and Research Decision Sciences, MSD, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hira Imeri
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Scott Hofer
- Institute On Aging & Lifelong Health, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Michael Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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