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Badten AJ, Torres AG. Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Subunit and Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Their Potential to Elicit Cross-Protection to Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:313. [PMID: 38543947 PMCID: PMC10975474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that can cause a variety of diseases in at-risk populations. B. pseudomallei and B. mallei, the etiological agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, are the two clinically relevant members of the B. pseudomallei complex (Bpc). The development of vaccines against Bpc species has been accelerated in recent years, resulting in numerous promising subunits and glycoconjugate vaccines incorporating a variety of antigens. However, a second group of pathogenic Burkholderia species exists known as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of opportunistic bacteria which tend to affect individuals with weakened immunity or cystic fibrosis. To date, there have been few attempts to develop vaccines to Bcc species. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to provide a broad overview of the various subunit antigens that have been tested in Bpc species, their protective efficacy, study limitations, and known or suspected mechanisms of protection. Then, we assess the reviewed Bpc antigens for their amino acid sequence conservation to homologous proteins found in Bcc species. We propose that protective Bpc antigens with a high degree of Bpc-to-Bcc sequence conservation could serve as components of a pan-Burkholderia vaccine capable of protecting against both disease-causing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Badten
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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2
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Wagner GE, Stanjek TFP, Albrecht D, Lipp M, Dunachie SJ, Föderl-Höbenreich E, Riedel K, Kohler A, Steinmetz I, Kohler C. Deciphering the human antibody response against Burkholderia pseudomallei during melioidosis using a comprehensive immunoproteome approach. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294113. [PMID: 38146371 PMCID: PMC10749318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the often fatal and massively underreported infectious disease melioidosis. Antigens inducing protective immunity in experimental models have recently been identified and serodiagnostic tools have been improved. However, further elucidation of the antigenic repertoire of B. pseudomallei during human infection for diagnostic and vaccine purposes is required. The adaptation of B. pseudomallei to very different habitats is reflected by a huge genome and a selective transcriptional response to a variety of conditions. We, therefore, hypothesized that exposure of B. pseudomallei to culture conditions mimicking habitats encountered in the human host might unravel novel antigens that are recognized by melioidosis patients. Methods and results In this study, B. pseudomallei was exposed to various stress and growth conditions, including anaerobiosis, acid stress, oxidative stress, iron starvation and osmotic stress. Immunogenic proteins were identified by probing two-dimensional Western blots of B. pseudomallei intracellular and extracellular protein extracts with sera from melioidosis patients and controls and subsequent MALDI-TOF MS. Among B. pseudomallei specific immunogenic signals, 90 % (55/61) of extracellular immunogenic proteins were identified by acid, osmotic or oxidative stress. A total of 84 % (44/52) of intracellular antigens originated from the stationary growth phase, acidic, oxidative and anaerobic conditions. The majority of the extracellular and intracellular protein antigens were identified in only one of the various stress conditions. Sixty-three immunoreactive proteins and an additional 38 candidates from a literature screening were heterologously expressed and subjected to dot blot analysis using melioidosis sera and controls. Our experiments confirmed melioidosis-specific signals in 58 of our immunoproteome candidates. These include 15 antigens with average signal ratios (melioidosis:controls) greater than 10 and another 26 with average ratios greater than 5, including new promising serodiagnostic candidates with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. Conclusion Our study shows that a comprehensive B. pseudomallei immunoproteomics approach, using conditions which are likely to be encountered during infection, can identify novel antibody targets previously unrecognized in human melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Wagner
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michaela Lipp
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine (NDM) Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Esther Föderl-Höbenreich
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Chang CY. Melioidosis-Related Acute Cholangitis and Septic Arthritis. J Glob Infect Dis 2023; 15:175-176. [PMID: 38292688 PMCID: PMC10824232 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_46_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yik Chang
- Medical Department, Kapit Hospital, Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Nithichanon A, Kewcharoenwong C, Da-oh H, Surajinda S, Khongmee A, Koosakunwat S, Wren BW, Stabler RA, Brown JS, Lertmemongkolchai G. Acinetobacter nosocomialis Causes as Severe Disease as Acinetobacter baumannii in Northeast Thailand: Underestimated Role of A. nosocomialis in Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0283622. [PMID: 36227120 PMCID: PMC9769887 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02836-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections by Acinetobacter species are recognized as a serious global threat due to causing severe disease and their high levels of antibiotic resistance. Acinetobacter baumannii is the most prevalent pathogen in the genus, but infection by Acinetobacter nosocomialis has been reported widely. Diagnosis of patients with A. baumannii infection is often misdiagnosed with other Acinetobacter species, especially A. nosocomialis. This study investigated whether there were significant differences in clinical outcomes between patients infected with A. baumannii versus A. nosocomialis in Northeast Thailand, and to characterize serological responses to infection with these pathogens. The results show that A. baumannii had higher levels of multidrug resistance. Despite this, clinical outcomes for infection with A. baumannii or A. nosocomialis were similar with mortalities of 33% and 36%, respectively. Both pathogens caused community-acquired infections (A. baumannii 35% and A. nosocomialis 29% of cases). Plasma from uninfected healthy controls contained IgG antibody that recognized both organisms, and infected patients did not show a significantly enhanced antibody response from the first week versus 2 weeks later. Finally, the patterns of antigen recognition for plasma IgG were similar for patients infected with A. baumannii or A. nosocomialis infection, and distinct to the pattern for patients infected with non-Acinetobacter. In conclusion, our data revealed that infection with A. nosocomialis was associated with a similarly high level of mortality as infection with A. baumannii, the high rate of community-acquired infection and antibodies in uninfected individuals suggesting that there is significant community exposure to both pathogens. IMPORTANCE Bacterial infections by Acinetobacter species are global threats due to their severity and high levels of antibiotic resistance. A. baumannii is the most common pathogen in the genus; however, infection by A. nosocomialis has also been widely reported but is thought to be less severe. In this study, we have prospectively investigated 48 reported cases of A. baumannii infection in Northeast Thailand, and characterized the serological responses to infection. We found that 14 (29%) of these infections were actually caused by A. nosocomialis. Furthermore, the incidence of antibiotic resistance among A. nosocomialis strains, APACHE II scores, and mortality for patients infected with A. nosocomialis were much higher than published data. Both A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis had unexpectedly mortality rates of over 30%, and both pathogens caused a high rate of community-acquired infections. Importantly, background antibodies in uninfected individuals suggest significant community exposure to both pathogens in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Hudadini Da-oh
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirithorn Surajinda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Aranya Khongmee
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Brendan W. Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Stabler
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S. Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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5
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Quilici G, Berardi A, Fabris C, Ghitti M, Punta M, Gourlay LJ, Bolognesi M, Musco G. Solution Structure of the BPSL1445 Protein of Burkholderia pseudomallei Reveals the SYLF Domain Three-Dimensional Fold. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:230-239. [PMID: 34968022 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SYLF domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain with phosphatidylinositol binding ability, whose three-dimensional structure is unknown. Here, we present the solution structure and the dynamics characterization of the SYLF domain of the bacterial BPSL1445 protein. BPSL1445 is a seroreactive antigen and a diagnostic marker of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, a severe infectious disease in the tropics. The BPSL1445 SYLF domain (BPSL1445-SYLF) consists of a β-barrel core, with two flexible loops protruding out of the barrel and three helices packing on its surface. Our structure allows for a more precise definition of the boundaries of the SYLF domain compared to the previously reported one and suggests common ancestry with bacterial EipA domains. We also demonstrate by phosphatidyl-inositol phosphate arrays and nuclear magnetic resonance titrations that BPSL1445-SYLF weakly interacts with phosphoinositides, thus supporting lipid binding abilities of this domain also in prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Berardi
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chantal Fabris
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Ghitti
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Punta
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology and Center for Omics Sciences, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Louise J. Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Chewapreecha C, Pensar J, Chattagul S, Pesonen M, Sangphukieo A, Boonklang P, Potisap C, Koosakulnirand S, Feil EJ, Dunachie S, Chantratita N, Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ, Day NPJ, Parkhill J, Thomson NR, Sermswan RW, Corander J. Co-evolutionary Signals Identify Burkholderia pseudomallei Survival Strategies in a Hostile Environment. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6400259. [PMID: 34662416 PMCID: PMC8760936 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis and a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality in many tropical and subtropical countries. The species notoriously survives harsh environmental conditions but the genetic architecture for these adaptations remains unclear. Here we employed a powerful combination of genome-wide epistasis and co-selection studies (2,011 genomes), condition-wide transcriptome analyses (82 diverse conditions), and a gene knockout assay to uncover signals of "co-selection"-that is a combination of genetic markers that have been repeatedly selected together through B. pseudomallei evolution. These enabled us to identify 13,061 mutation pairs under co-selection in distinct genes and noncoding RNA. Genes under co-selection displayed marked expression correlation when B. pseudomallei was subjected to physical stress conditions, highlighting the conditions as one of the major evolutionary driving forces for this bacterium. We identified a putative adhesin (BPSL1661) as a hub of co-selection signals, experimentally confirmed a BPSL1661 role under nutrient deprivation, and explored the functional basis of co-selection gene network surrounding BPSL1661 in facilitating the bacterial survival under nutrient depletion. Our findings suggest that nutrient-limited conditions have been the common selection pressure acting on this species, and allelic variation of BPSL1661 may have promoted B. pseudomallei survival during harsh environmental conditions by facilitating bacterial adherence to different surfaces, cells, or living hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Chewapreecha
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Insitute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ;
| | - Johan Pensar
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Supaksorn Chattagul
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maiju Pesonen
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Program, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phumrapee Boonklang
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chotima Potisap
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sirikamon Koosakulnirand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward J Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nick P J Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Insitute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Rasana W Sermswan
- Melioidosis Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ;
| | - Jukka Corander
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Insitute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute of Information Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding authors: E-mails: ; ;
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7
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Mariappan V, Vellasamy KM, Barathan M, Girija ASS, Shankar EM, Vadivelu J. Hijacking of the Host's Immune Surveillance Radars by Burkholderia pseudomallei. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718719. [PMID: 34456925 PMCID: PMC8384953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease for which no licensed vaccine is available thus far. The host-pathogen interactions in B. pseudomallei infection largely remain the tip of the iceberg. The pathological manifestations are protean ranging from acute to chronic involving one or more visceral organs leading to septic shock, especially in individuals with underlying conditions similar to COVID-19. Pathogenesis is attributed to the intracellular ability of the bacterium to ‘step into’ the host cell’s cytoplasm from the endocytotic vacuole, where it appears to polymerize actin filaments to spread across cells in the closer vicinity. B. pseudomallei effectively evades the host’s surveillance armory to remain latent for prolonged duration also causing relapses despite antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, eradication of intracellular B. pseudomallei is highly dependent on robust cellular immune responses. However, it remains ambiguous why certain individuals in endemic areas experience asymptomatic seroconversion, whereas others succumb to sepsis-associated sequelae. Here, we propose key insights on how the host’s surveillance radars get commandeered by B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Mariappan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muttiah Barathan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A S Smiline Girija
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Multicomponent Gold-Linked Glycoconjugate Vaccine Elicits Antigen-Specific Humoral and Mixed T H1-T H17 Immunity, Correlated with Increased Protection against Burkholderia pseudomallei. mBio 2021; 12:e0122721. [PMID: 34182777 PMCID: PMC8263005 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01227-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a fatal disease with a high mortality rate. The intrinsic resistance to commonly used antibiotics combined with the complex bacterial life cycle has hampered the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions and vaccines. Furthermore, the need of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in protection against B. pseudomallei has complicated the development of effective vaccines. Antigen delivery vaccine platforms that promote humoral and cellular responses while maintaining a safe profile are a roadblock to developing subunit vaccines against intracellular pathogens. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used for the delivery of multicomponent antigens with the goal of inducing vaccine-mediated immunity, promoting protection against melioidosis disease. Different nanoglycoconjugates using predicted immunogenic protein candidates, Hcp1, FlgL, OpcP, OpcP1, OmpW, and hemagglutinin, were covalently coupled to AuNPs, together with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Burkholderia thailandensis, which acted as an additional antigen. Animals immunized with individually coupled (AuNP-protein-LPS) formulations containing OpcP or OpcP1, together with CpG as an adjuvant, showed a significant increase in protection, whereas a nanovaccine combination (AuNP-Combo2-LPS) showed significant and complete protection against a lethal intranasal B. pseudomallei challenge. Animals immunized with AuNP-Combo2-LPS showed robust humoral antigen-specific (IgG and IgA) responses with higher IgG2c titer, indicating a TH1-skewed response and promotion of macrophage uptake. In addition, immunization with the nanovaccine combination resulted in a mixed antigen-specific TH1-TH17 cytokine profile after immunization. This study provides the basis for an elegant and refined multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccine formulation capable of eliciting both humoral and cell-mediated responses against lethal B. pseudomallei challenge.
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Mardhiah K, Wan-Arfah N, Naing NN, Hassan MRA, Chan HK. The Cox model of predicting mortality among melioidosis patients in Northern Malaysia: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26160. [PMID: 34160382 PMCID: PMC8238369 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Melioidosis is an infectious disease that is initiated by a bacteria recognized as Burkholderia pseudomallei. Despite the high fatality rate from melioidosis, there is a minimal published study about the disease in Malaysia.This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients in northern Malaysia.All inpatient patients who were admitted to Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Kedah and Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis with culture-confirmed melioidosis during the period 2014 to 2017 were included in the study. The study retrospectively collected 510 melioidosis patients from the Melioidosis Registry. Hazard ratio (HR) used in advanced multiple Cox regression was used to obtain the final model of prognostic factors of melioidosis. The analysis was performed using STATA/SE 14.0 for Windows software.From the results, among the admitted patients, 50.1% died at the hospital. The mean age for those who died was 55 years old, and they were mostly male. The most common underlying disease was diabetes mellitus (69.8%), followed by hypertension (32.7%). The majority of cases (86.8%) were bacteremic. The final Cox model identified 5 prognostic factors of mortality among melioidosis patients. The factors were diabetes mellitus, type of melioidosis, platelet count, white blood cell count, and urea value. The results showed that bacteremic melioidosis increased the risk of dying by 3.47 (HR: 3.47, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.67-7.23, P = .001) compared to non-bacteremic melioidosis. Based on the blood investigations, the adjusted HRs from the final model showed that all 3 blood investigations were included as the prognostic factors for the disease (low platelet: HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22-2.54, P = .003; high white blood cell: HR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.06-2.11, P = .023; high urea: HR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.76-4.85, P < .001; and low level of urea: HR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.69-4.29, P < .001). By contrast, melioidosis patients with diabetic had 30.0% lower risk of dying from melioidosis compared to those with non-diabetic (HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.94, P = .016).Identifying the prognostic factors of mortality in patients with melioidosis allows a guideline of early management in these patients, which may improve patient's survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaruddin Mardhiah
- Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus
| | - Nadiah Wan-Arfah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus
| | - Nyi Nyi Naing
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
| | - Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Huan-Keat Chan
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
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10
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Chomkatekaew C, Boonklang P, Sangphukieo A, Chewapreecha C. An Evolutionary Arms Race Between Burkholderia pseudomallei and Host Immune System: What Do We Know? Front Microbiol 2021; 11:612568. [PMID: 33552023 PMCID: PMC7858667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.612568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of co-evolution between pathogens and hosts holds promise for better prevention and control strategies. This review will explore the interactions between Burkholderia pseudomallei, an environmental and opportunistic pathogen, and the human host immune system. B. pseudomallei causes "Melioidosis," a rapidly fatal tropical infectious disease predicted to affect 165,000 cases annually worldwide, of which 89,000 are fatal. Genetic heterogeneities were reported in both B. pseudomallei and human host population, some of which may, at least in part, contribute to inter-individual differences in disease susceptibility. Here, we review (i) a multi-host-pathogen characteristic of the interaction; (ii) selection pressures acting on B. pseudomallei and human genomes with the former being driven by bacterial adaptation across ranges of ecological niches while the latter are driven by human encounter of broad ranges of pathogens; (iii) the mechanisms that generate genetic diversity in bacterial and host population particularly in sequences encoding proteins functioning in host-pathogen interaction; (iv) reported genetic and structural variations of proteins or molecules observed in B. pseudomallei-human host interactions and their implications in infection outcomes. Together, these predict bacterial and host evolutionary trajectory which continues to generate genetic diversity in bacterium and operates host immune selection at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apiwat Sangphukieo
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresource and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Claire Chewapreecha
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Bangkok, Thailand
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresource and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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11
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Dyke JS, Huertas-Diaz MC, Michel F, Holladay NE, Hogan RJ, He B, Lafontaine ER. The Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal contributes to the virulence of Burkholderia mallei and provides protection against lethal aerosol challenge. Virulence 2020; 11:1024-1040. [PMID: 32799724 PMCID: PMC7567441 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1804275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI is a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes the fatal zoonosis glanders. The organism specifies multiple membrane proteins, which represent prime targets for the development of countermeasures given their location at the host-pathogen interface. We investigated one of these proteins, Pal, and discovered that it is involved in the ability of B. mallei to resist complement-mediated killing and replicate inside host cells in vitro, is expressed in vivo and induces antibodies during the course of infection, and contributes to virulence in a mouse model of aerosol infection. A mutant in the pal gene of the B. mallei wild-type strain ATCC 23344 was found to be especially attenuated, as BALB/c mice challenged with the equivalent of 5,350 LD50 completely cleared infection. Based on these findings, we tested the hypothesis that a vaccine containing the Pal protein elicits protective immunity against aerosol challenge. To achieve this, the pal gene was cloned in the vaccine vector Parainfluenza Virus 5 (PIV5) and mice immunized with the virus were infected with a lethal dose of B. mallei. These experiments revealed that a single dose of PIV5 expressing Pal provided 80% survival over a period of 40 days post-challenge. In contrast, only 10% of mice vaccinated with a PIV5 control virus construct survived infection. Taken together, our data establish that the Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein Pal is a critical virulence determinant of B. mallei and effective target for developing a glanders vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S. Dyke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Frank Michel
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nathan E. Holladay
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert J. Hogan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Biao He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Eric R. Lafontaine
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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12
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Welkos S, Blanco I, Okaro U, Chua J, DeShazer D. A DUF4148 family protein produced inside RAW264.7 cells is a critical Burkholderia pseudomallei virulence factor. Virulence 2020; 11:1041-1058. [PMID: 32835600 PMCID: PMC7549894 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1806675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei: is the etiological agent of the disease melioidosis and is a Tier 1 select agent. It survives and replicates inside phagocytic cells by escaping from the endocytic vacuole, replicating in the cytosol, spreading to other cells via actin polymerization and promoting the fusion of infected and uninfected host cells to form multinucleated giant cells. In this study, we utilized a proteomics approach to identify bacterial proteins produced inside RAW264.7 murine macrophages and host proteins produced in response to B. pseudomallei infection. Cells infected with B. pseudomallei strain K96243 were lysed and the lysate proteins digested and analyzed using nanoflow reversed-phase liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Approximately 160 bacterial proteins were identified in the infected macrophages, including BimA, TssA, TssB, Hcp1 and TssM. Several previously uncharacterized B. pseudomallei proteins were also identified, including BPSS1996 and BPSL2748. Mutations were constructed in the genes encoding these novel proteins and their relative virulence was assessed in BALB/c mice. The 50% lethal dose for the BPSS1996 mutant was approximately 55-fold higher than that of the wild type, suggesting that BPSS1996 is required for full virulence. Sera from B. pseudomallei-infected animals reacted with BPSS1996 and it was found to localize to the bacterial surface using indirect immunofluorescence. Finally, we identified 274 host proteins that were exclusively present or absent in infected RAW264.7 cells, including chemokines and cytokines involved in controlling the initial stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Welkos
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Irma Blanco
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Udoka Okaro
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Chua
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David DeShazer
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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13
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Morici L, Torres AG, Titball RW. Novel multi-component vaccine approaches for Burkholderia pseudomallei. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:178-188. [PMID: 30963550 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. Historically believed to be a relatively rare human disease in tropical countries, a recent study estimated that, worldwide, there are approximately 165 000 human melioidosis cases per year, more than half of whom die. The bacterium is inherently resistant to many antibiotics and treatment of the disease is often protracted and ineffective. There is no licensed vaccine against melioidosis, but a vaccine is predicted to be of value if used in high-risk populations. There has been progress over the last decade in the pursuit of an effective vaccine against melioidosis. Animal models of disease including mouse and non-human primates have been developed, and these models show that antibody responses play a key role in protection against melioidosis. Surprisingly, although B. pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen there is limited evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in protection. It is evident that a multi-component vaccine, incorporating one or more protective antigens, will probably be essential for protection because of the pathogen's sophisticated virulence mechanisms as well as strain heterogeneity. Multi-component vaccines in development include glycoconjugates, multivalent subunit preparations, outer membrane vesicles and other nano/microparticle platforms and live-attenuated or inactivated bacteria. A consistent finding with vaccine candidates tested in mice is the ability to induce sterilizing immunity at low challenge doses and extended time to death at higher challenge doses. Further research to identify ways of eliciting more potent immune responses might provide a path for licensing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Morici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - R W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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14
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new, and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent progress in genomics and mass spectrometry have led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel-based, array-based, mass spectrometry-based, DNA-based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of protein antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Baltat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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15
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Koosakulnirand S, Phokrai P, Jenjaroen K, Roberts RA, Utaisincharoen P, Dunachie SJ, Brett PJ, Burtnick MN, Chantratita N. Immune response to recombinant Burkholderia pseudomallei FliC. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198906. [PMID: 29902230 PMCID: PMC6002054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a flagellated Gram-negative bacterium which is the causative agent of melioidosis. The disease poses a major public health problem in tropical regions and diabetes is a major risk factor. The high mortality rate of melioidosis is associated with severe sepsis which involves the overwhelming production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Bacterial flagellar protein (flagellin) activates Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5)-mediated innate immune signaling pathways and induces adaptive immune response. However, previous studies of TLR5 signaling in melioidosis have been performed using recombinant flagellin from Salmonella Typhimurium instead of B. pseudomallei. This study aimed to investigate human innate immune response and antibody response against a recombinant B. pseudomallei flagellin (rFliC). We prepared B. pseudomallei rFliC and used it to stimulate HEK-BlueTM-hTLR5 and THP1-DualTM cells to assess TLR5 activation. Subsequently, whole blood stimulation assays with rFliC were performed ex vivo. TLR5-flagellin interactions trigger activation of transcription factor NF-κB in HEK-BlueTM-hTLR5 cells. Pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) productions from whole blood in response to rFliC differed between fourteen healthy individuals. The levels of these cytokines changed in a dose and time-dependent manner. ELISA was used to determine rFliC-specific antibodies in serum samples from different groups of melioidosis patients and healthy subjects. IgG antibody to rFliC in melioidosis patients with diabetes were higher compared with non-diabetic patients. Our results show that B. pseudomallei flagellin is a potent immune stimulator and that the immune responses to rFliC are different among individuals. This may provide valuable insights toward the potential use of rFliC in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikamon Koosakulnirand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phornpun Phokrai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kemajittra Jenjaroen
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rosemary A. Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | | | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Brett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Mary N. Burtnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States of America
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Postgenomic Approaches and Bioinformatics Tools to Advance the Development of Vaccines against Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6020034. [PMID: 29890657 PMCID: PMC6027386 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Eradication of these pathogens by antimicrobial therapy often fails, highlighting the need to develop novel strategies to eradicate infections. Vaccines are attractive since they can confer protection to particularly vulnerable patients, as is the case of cystic fibrosis patients. Several studies have identified specific virulence factors and proteins as potential subunit vaccine candidates. So far, no vaccine is available to protect from Bcc infections. In the present work, we review the most promising postgenomic approaches and selected web tools available to speed up the identification of immunogenic proteins with the potential of conferring protection against Bcc infections.
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Nithichanon A, Rinchai D, Buddhisa S, Saenmuang P, Kewcharoenwong C, Kessler B, Khaenam P, Chetchotisakd P, Maillere B, Robinson J, Reynolds CJ, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Lertmemongkolchai G. Immune Control of Burkholderia pseudomallei--Common, High-Frequency T-Cell Responses to a Broad Repertoire of Immunoprevalent Epitopes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:484. [PMID: 29616023 PMCID: PMC5869189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) is an environmental bacterial pathogen that causes potentially lethal sepsis in susceptible individuals and is considered a Category B, Tier-1 biothreat agent. As such, it is crucial to gain an improved understanding of protective immunity and potential vaccine candidates. The nature of immune correlates dictating why most exposed individuals in endemic regions undergo asymptomatic seroconversion while others succumb to life-threatening sepsis is largely uncharted. Bp seroreactive, immunogenic proteins have previously been identified by antigen microarray. We here set out to conduct an analysis of T-cell recognition of the Bp immunome using serodominant antigens represented in the original antigen microarray, examining immune correlates of disease in healthy seropositive individuals and those with acute disease or in convalescence. By screening a library of 739 overlapping peptides representing the sequences of 20 different Bp antigens, we aimed to define immune correlates of protection at the level of immunoprevalent T-cell epitopes. Responses to a large number of epitopes were common in healthy seropositive individuals: we found remarkably broad responsiveness to Bp epitopes, with 235 of 739 peptides recognized by ≥80% of all tested donors. The cumulative response to Bp epitopes in healthy, seropositive, donors from this endemic region were of the order of thousands of spot forming cells per million cells, making Bp recognition a significant component of the T-cell repertoire. Noteworthy among our findings, analysis revealed 10 highly immunoprevalent T-cell epitopes, able to induce Bp-specific IFNγ responses that were high in responding T-cell frequency within the repertoire, and also common across individuals with different human leukocyte antigen types. Acute melioidosis patients showed poor T-cell responses to the immunoprevalent epitopes, but acquired responsiveness following recovery from infection. Our findings suggest that a large repertoire of CD4 T cells, high in frequency and with broad coverage of antigens and epitopes, is important in controlling Bp infection. This offers an attractive potential strategy for subunit or epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surachat Buddhisa
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Saenmuang
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bianca Kessler
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Bernard Maillere
- Protein Engineering and Research Department, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - John Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Mekong Health Science Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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18
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Use of Reverse Vaccinology in the Design and Construction of Nanoglycoconjugate Vaccines against Burkholderia pseudomallei. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2017; 24:CVI.00206-17. [PMID: 28903988 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00206-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that causes the disease melioidosis in humans and other mammals. Respiratory infection with B. pseudomallei leads to a fulminant and often fatal disease. It has previously been shown that glycoconjugate vaccines can provide significant protection against lethal challenge; however, the limited number of known Burkholderia antigens has slowed progress toward vaccine development. The objective of this study was to identify novel antigens and evaluate their protective capacity when incorporated into a nanoglycoconjugate vaccine platform. First, an in silico approach to identify antigens with strong predicted immunogenicity was developed. Protein candidates were screened and ranked according to predicted subcellular localization, transmembrane domains, adhesive properties, and ability to interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II. From these in silico predictions, we identified seven "high priority" proteins that demonstrated seroreactivity with anti-B. pseudomallei murine sera and convalescent human melioidosis sera, providing validation of our methods. Two novel proteins, together with Hcp1, were linked to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incorporated with the surface of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP). Animals receiving AuNP glycoconjugate vaccines generated high protein- and polysaccharide-specific antibody titers. Importantly, immunized animals receiving the AuNP-FlgL-LPS alone or as a combination demonstrated up to 100% survival and reduced lung colonization following a lethal challenge with B. pseudomallei Together, this study provides a rational approach to vaccine design that can be adapted for other complex pathogens and provides a rationale for further preclinical testing of AuNP glycoconjugate in animal models of infection.
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Titball RW, Burtnick MN, Bancroft GJ, Brett P. Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei vaccines: Are we close to clinical trials? Vaccine 2017; 35:5981-5989. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gamage AM, Lee KO, Gan YH. Anti-Cancer Drug HMBA Acts as an Adjuvant during Intracellular Bacterial Infections by Inducing Type I IFN through STING. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2491-2502. [PMID: 28827286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The anti-proliferative agent hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) belongs to a class of hybrid bipolar compounds developed more than 30 y ago for their ability to induce terminal differentiation of transformed cells. Recently, HMBA has also been shown to trigger HIV transcription from latently infected cells, via a CDK9/HMBA inducible protein-1 dependent process. However, the effect of HMBA on the immune response has not been explored. We observed that pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with HMBA led to a markedly increased production of IL-12 and IFN-γ, but not of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 upon subsequent infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei and Salmonella enterica HMBA treatment was also associated with better intracellular bacterial control. HMBA significantly improved IL-12p70 production from CD14+ monocytes during infection partly via the induction of type I IFN in these cells, which primed an increased transcription of the p35 subunit of IL-12p70 during infection. HMBA also increased early type I IFN transcription in human monocytic and epithelial cell lines, but this was surprisingly independent of its previously reported effects on positive transcription elongation factor b and HMBA inducible protein-1. Instead, the effect of HMBA was downstream of a calcium influx, and required the pattern recognition receptor and adaptor STING but not cGAS. Our work therefore links the STING-IRF3 axis to enhanced IL-12 production and intracellular bacterial control in primary monocytes. This raises the possibility that HMBA or related small molecules may be explored as therapeutic adjuvants to improve disease outcomes during intracellular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshamal Mihiranga Gamage
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; and
| | - Kok-Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; and
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Gori A, Bolognesi M, Colombo G, Gourlay LJ. Structural Vaccinology for Melioidosis Vaccine Design and Immunodiagnostics. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-017-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Morris JL, Fane A, Sarovich DS, Price EP, Rush CM, Govan BL, Parker E, Mayo M, Currie BJ, Ketheesan N. Increased Neurotropic Threat from Burkholderia pseudomallei Strains with a B. mallei-like Variation in the bimA Motility Gene, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23. [PMID: 28418830 PMCID: PMC5403032 DOI: 10.3201/eid2305.151417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
These strains have heightened pathogenic potential for rapid dissemination to multiple tissues, including the central nervous system. Neurologic melioidosis is a serious, potentially fatal form of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. Recently, we reported that a subset of clinical isolates of B. pseudomallei from Australia have heightened virulence and potential for dissemination to the central nervous system. In this study, we demonstrate that this subset has a B. mallei–like sequence variation of the actin-based motility gene, bimA. Compared with B. pseudomallei isolates having typical bimA alleles, isolates that contain the B. mallei–like variation demonstrate increased persistence in phagocytic cells and increased virulence with rapid systemic dissemination and replication within multiple tissues, including the brain and spinal cord, in an experimental model. These findings highlight the implications of bimA variation on disease progression of B. pseudomallei infection and have considerable clinical and public health implications with respect to the degree of neurotropic threat posed to human health.
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Interleukin 10 inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine responses and killing of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42791. [PMID: 28216665 PMCID: PMC5316963 DOI: 10.1038/srep42791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in northeastern Thailand and Northern Australia. Severe septicemic melioidosis is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. IL-10 is an immunoregulatory cytokine, which in other infections can control the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but its role in melioidosis has not been addressed. Here, whole blood of healthy seropositive individuals (n = 75), living in N. E. Thailand was co-cultured with B. pseudomallei and production of IL-10 and IFN-γ detected and the cellular sources identified. CD3− CD14+ monocytes were the main source of IL-10. Neutralization of IL-10 increased IFN-γ, IL-6 and TNF-α production and improved bacteria killing. IFN-γ production and microbicidal activity were impaired in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In contrast, IL-10 production was unimpaired in individuals with DM, resulting in an IL-10 dominant cytokine balance. Neutralization of IL-10 restored the IFN-γ response of individuals with DM to similar levels observed in healthy individuals and improved killing of B. pseudomallei in vitro. These results demonstrate that monocyte derived IL-10 acts to inhibit potentially protective cell mediated immune responses against B. pseudomallei, but may also moderate the pathological effects of excessive cytokine production during sepsis.
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Nithichanon A, Gourlay LJ, Bancroft GJ, Ato M, Takahashi Y, Lertmemongkolchai G. Boosting of post-exposure human T-cell and B-cell recall responses in vivo by Burkholderia pseudomallei-related proteins. Immunology 2017; 151:98-109. [PMID: 28066900 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease with high incidence and mortality in South East Asia and northern Australia. To date there is no protective vaccine and antibiotic treatment is prolonged and not always effective. Most people living in endemic areas have been exposed to the bacteria and have developed some immunity, which may have helped to prevent disease. Here, we used a humanized mouse model (hu-PBL-SCID), reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seropositive donors, to illustrate the potential of three known antigens (FliC, OmpA and N-PilO2) for boosting both T-cell and B-cell immune responses. All three antigens boosted the production of specific antibodies in vivo, and increased the number of antibody and interferon-γ-secreting cells, and induced antibody affinity maturation. Moreover, antigen-specific antibodies isolated from either seropositive individuals or boosted mice, were found to enhance phagocytosis and oxidative burst activities from human polymorphonuclear cells. Our study demonstrates that FliC, OmpA and N-PilO2 can stimulate human memory T and B cells and highlight the potential of the hu-PBL-SCID system for screening and evaluation of novel protein antigens for inclusion in future vaccine trials against melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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25
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Cornillot E, Dassouli A, Pachikara N, Lawres L, Renard I, Francois C, Randazzo S, Brès V, Garg A, Brancato J, Pazzi JE, Pablo J, Hung C, Teng A, Shandling AD, Huynh VT, Krause PJ, Lepore T, Delbecq S, Hermanson G, Liang X, Williams S, Molina DM, Ben Mamoun C. A targeted immunomic approach identifies diagnostic antigens in the human pathogen Babesia microti. Transfusion 2016; 56:2085-99. [PMID: 27184823 PMCID: PMC5644385 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia microti is a protozoan parasite responsible for the majority of reported cases of human babesiosis and a major risk to the blood supply. Laboratory screening of blood donors may help prevent transfusion-transmitted babesiosis but there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved screening method yet available. Development of a sensitive, specific, and highly automated B. microti antibody assay for diagnosis of acute babesiosis and blood screening could have an important impact on decreasing the health burden of B. microti infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Herein, we take advantage of recent advances in B. microti genomic analyses, field surveys of the reservoir host, and human studies in endemic areas to apply a targeted immunomic approach to the discovery of B. microti antigens that serve as signatures of active or past babesiosis infections. Of 19 glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein candidates (BmGPI1-19) identified in the B. microti proteome, 17 were successfully expressed, printed on a microarray chip, and used to screen sera from uninfected and B. microti-infected mice and humans to determine immune responses that are associated with active and past infection. RESULTS Antibody responses to various B. microti BmGPI antigens were detected and BmGPI12 was identified as the best biomarker of infection that provided high sensitivity and specificity when used in a microarray antibody assay. CONCLUSION BmGPI12 alone or in combination with other BmGPI proteins is a promising candidate biomarker for detection of B. microti antibodies that might be useful in blood screening to prevent transfusion-transmitted babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Cornillot
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM-INSERM U1194), Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier (ICM) and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Amina Dassouli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Niseema Pachikara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Lawres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Celia Francois
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Randazzo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Brès
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aprajita Garg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Janna Brancato
- Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Chris Hung
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., Irvine, California
| | - Andy Teng
- Antigen Discovery, Inc., Irvine, California
| | | | | | - Peter J. Krause
- Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Timothy Lepore
- Division of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephane Delbecq
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM-EA4558 Vaccination Antiparasitaire), UFR Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Scott Williams
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Kohler C, Dunachie SJ, Müller E, Kohler A, Jenjaroen K, Teparrukkul P, Baier V, Ehricht R, Steinmetz I. Rapid and Sensitive Multiplex Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei-Specific Antibodies in Melioidosis Patients Based on a Protein Microarray Approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004847. [PMID: 27427979 PMCID: PMC4948818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis with a high case-fatality rate in tropical and subtropical regions. Direct pathogen detection can be difficult, and therefore an indirect serological test which might aid early diagnosis is desirable. However, current tests for antibodies against B. pseudomallei, including the reference indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), lack sensitivity, specificity and standardization. Consequently, serological tests currently do not play a role in the diagnosis of melioidosis in endemic areas. Recently, a number of promising diagnostic antigens have been identified, but a standardized, easy-to-perform clinical laboratory test for sensitive multiplex detection of antibodies against B. pseudomallei is still lacking. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we developed and validated a protein microarray which can be used in a standard 96-well format. Our array contains 20 recombinant and purified B. pseudomallei proteins, previously identified as serodiagnostic candidates in melioidosis. In total, we analyzed 196 sera and plasmas from melioidosis patients from northeast Thailand and 210 negative controls from melioidosis-endemic and non-endemic regions. Our protein array clearly discriminated between sera from melioidosis patients and controls with a specificity of 97%. Importantly, the array showed a higher sensitivity than did the IHA in melioidosis patients upon admission (cut-off IHA titer ≥1:160: IHA 57.3%, protein array: 86.7%; p = 0.0001). Testing of sera from single patients at 0, 12 and 52 weeks post-admission revealed that protein antigens induce either a short- or long-term antibody response. CONCLUSIONS Our protein array provides a standardized, rapid, easy-to-perform test for the detection of B. pseudomallei-specific antibody patterns. Thus, this system has the potential to improve the serodiagnosis of melioidosis in clinical settings. Moreover, our high-throughput assay might be useful for the detection of anti-B. pseudomallei antibodies in epidemiological studies. Further studies are needed to elucidate the clinical and diagnostic significance of the different antibody kinetics observed during melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut for Medical Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elke Müller
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Kohler
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut for Medical Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kemajittra Jenjaroen
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Ralf Ehricht
- Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Friedrich Loeffler Institut for Medical Microbiology, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Muruato LA, Torres AG. Melioidosis: where do we stand in the development of an effective vaccine? Future Microbiol 2016; 11:477-80. [PMID: 27081770 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2015-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Muruato
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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28
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Swetha RG, Sandhya M, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A. Identification of CD4+ T-cell epitope and investigation of HLA distribution for the immunogenic proteins of Burkholderia pseudomallei using in silico approaches - A key vaccine development strategy for melioidosis. J Theor Biol 2016; 400:11-8. [PMID: 27086038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis is a serious infectious diseases affecting multi-organ system in humans with high mortality rate. The disease is caused by the bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei and it is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need for protective vaccine against B. pseudomallei; which may reduce morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. The identification of peptides that bind to major histocompatibility complex II class helps in understanding the nature of immune response and identifying T-cell epitopes for the design of new vaccines. Previous studies indicate that, ompA, bipB, fliC and groEL proteins of B. pseudomallei stimulate CD4+ T-cell immune response and act as protective immunogens. However, the data for CD4+ T-cell epitopes of these immunogenic proteins are very limited. Hence, in this present study we attempted to identify CD4+ T-cell epitopes in B. pseudomallei immunogenic proteins using in silico approaches. We did population coverage analysis for these identified epitopic core sequences to identify individuals in endemic areas expected to respond to a given set of these epitopes on the basis of HLA genotype frequencies. We observed that eight epitopic core sequences, two from each immunogenic protein, were associated with the maximum number of HLA-DR binding alleles. These eight peptides are found to be immunogenic in more than 90% of population in endemic areas considered. Thus, these eight peptides containing epitopic core sequences may act as probable vaccine candidates and they may be considered for the development of epitope-based vaccines for melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayapadi G Swetha
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Madangopal Sandhya
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Sudha Ramaiah
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anand Anbarasu
- Medical & Biological Computing Laboratory, School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
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29
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Champion OL, Gourlay LJ, Scott AE, Lassaux P, Conejero L, Perletti L, Hemsley C, Prior J, Bancroft G, Bolognesi M, Titball RW. Immunisation with proteins expressed during chronic murine melioidosis provides enhanced protection against disease. Vaccine 2016; 34:1665-71. [PMID: 26917010 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for an effective vaccine against human disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, and although a wide range of candidates have been tested in mice none provide high level protection. We considered this might reflect the inability of these vaccine candidates to protect against chronic disease. Using Q-RT PCR we have identified 6 genes which are expressed in bacteria colonising spleens and lungs of chronically infected mice. Three of the genes (BPSL1897, BPSL3369 and BPSL2287) have been expressed in Escherichia coli and the encoded proteins purified. We have also included BPSL2765, a protein known to induce immune responses associated with a reduced incidence of chronic/recurrent disease in humans. Immunisation of mice with a combination of these antigens resulted in the induction of antibody responses against all of the proteins. Compared with mice immunised with capsular polysaccharide or LolC protein, mice immunised with the combination of chronic stage antigens showed enhanced protection against experimental disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Champion
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrew E Scott
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Patricia Lassaux
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Laura Conejero
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppler Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Lucia Perletti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Claudia Hemsley
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joann Prior
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Gregory Bancroft
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppler Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Richard W Titball
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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30
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Chiang CY, Ulrich RL, Ulrich MP, Eaton B, Ojeda JF, Lane DJ, Kota KP, Kenny TA, Ladner JT, Dickson SP, Kuehl K, Raychaudhuri R, Sun M, Bavari S, Wolcott MJ, Covell D, Panchal RG. Characterization of the murine macrophage response to infection with virulent and avirulent Burkholderia species. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:259. [PMID: 26545875 PMCID: PMC4636792 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) and Burkholderia mallei (Bm) are Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogens, which are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Depending on the route of exposure, aerosol or transcutaneous, infection by Bp or Bm can result in an extensive range of disease - from acute to chronic, relapsing illness to fatal septicemia. Both diseases are associated with difficult diagnosis and high fatality rates. About ninety five percent of patients succumb to untreated septicemic infections and the fatality rate is 50 % even when standard antibiotic treatments are administered. RESULTS The goal of this study is to profile murine macrophage-mediated phenotypic and molecular responses that are characteristic to a collection of Bp, Bm, Burkholderia thailandensis (Bt) and Burkholderia oklahomensis (Bo) strains obtained from humans, animals, environment and geographically diverse locations. Burkholderia spp. (N = 21) were able to invade and replicate in macrophages, albeit to varying degrees. All Bp (N = 9) and four Bm strains were able to induce actin polymerization on the bacterial surface following infection. Several Bp and Bm strains showed reduced ability to induce multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation, while Bo and Bp 776 were unable to induce this phenotype. Measurement of host cytokine responses revealed a statistically significant Bm mediated IL-6 and IL-10 production compared to Bp strains. Hierarchical clustering of transcriptional data from 84 mouse cytokines, chemokines and their corresponding receptors identified 29 host genes as indicators of differential responses between the Burkholderia spp. Further validation confirmed Bm mediated Il-1b, Il-10, Tnfrsf1b and Il-36a mRNA expressions were significantly higher when compared to Bp and Bt. CONCLUSIONS These results characterize the phenotypic and immunological differences in the host innate response to pathogenic and avirulent Burkholderia strains and provide insight into the phenotypic alterations and molecular targets underlying host-Burkholderia interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Chiang
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Ricky L Ulrich
- Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Brett Eaton
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Jenifer F Ojeda
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Douglas J Lane
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | | | - Tara A Kenny
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Jason T Ladner
- Center for Genome Sciences, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Mei Sun
- Pathology Division, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Mark J Wolcott
- Diagnostic Systems Division, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - David Covell
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
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31
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Gourlay LJ, Peano C, Deantonio C, Perletti L, Pietrelli A, Villa R, Matterazzo E, Lassaux P, Santoro C, Puccio S, Sblattero D, Bolognesi M. Selecting soluble/foldable protein domains through single-gene or genomic ORF filtering: structure of the head domain of Burkholderia pseudomallei antigen BPSL2063. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:2227-35. [PMID: 26527140 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715015680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of a conserved domain of the potential Burkholderia pseudomallei antigen and trimeric autotransporter BPSL2063 is presented as a structural vaccinology target for melioidosis vaccine development. Since BPSL2063 (1090 amino acids) hosts only one conserved domain, and the expression/purification of the full-length protein proved to be problematic, a domain-filtering library was generated using β-lactamase as a reporter gene to select further BPSL2063 domains. As a result, two domains (D1 and D2) were identified and produced in soluble form in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, as a general tool, a genomic open reading frame-filtering library from the B. pseudomallei genome was also constructed to facilitate the selection of domain boundaries from the entire ORFeome. Such an approach allowed the selection of three potential protein antigens that were also produced in soluble form. The results imply the further development of ORF-filtering methods as a tool in protein-based research to improve the selection and production of soluble proteins or domains for downstream applications such as X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Cecilia Deantonio
- Department of Health Sciences and IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lucia Perletti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pietrelli
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Matterazzo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Lassaux
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Sciences and IRCAD, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Puccio
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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32
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Furman D, Davis MM. New approaches to understanding the immune response to vaccination and infection. Vaccine 2015; 33:5271-81. [PMID: 26232539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a network of specialized cell types and tissues that communicates via cytokines and direct contact, to orchestrate specific types of defensive responses. Until recently, we could only study immune responses in a piecemeal, highly focused fashion, on major components like antibodies to the pathogen. But recent advances in technology and in our understanding of the many components of the system, innate and adaptive, have made possible a broader approach, where both the multiple responding cells and cytokines in the blood are measured. This systems immunology approach to a vaccine response or an infection gives us a more holistic picture of the different parts of the immune system that are mobilized and should allow us a much better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms of such responses, as well as to predict vaccine efficacy in different populations well in advance of efficacy studies. Here we summarize the different technologies and methods and discuss how they can inform us about the differences between diseases and vaccines, and how they can greatly accelerate vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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33
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Nithichanon A, Rinchai D, Gori A, Lassaux P, Peri C, Conchillio-Solé O, Ferrer-Navarro M, Gourlay LJ, Nardini M, Vila J, Daura X, Colombo G, Bolognesi M, Lertmemonkolchai G. Sequence- and Structure-Based Immunoreactive Epitope Discovery for Burkholderia pseudomallei Flagellin. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015. [PMID: 26222657 PMCID: PMC4519301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for melioidosis, a serious and often fatal infectious disease that is poorly controlled by existing treatments. Due to its inherent resistance to the major antibiotic classes and its facultative intracellular pathogenicity, an effective vaccine would be extremely desirable, along with appropriate prevention and therapeutic management. One of the main subunit vaccine candidates is flagellin of Burkholderia pseudomallei (FliCBp). Here, we present the high resolution crystal structure of FliCBp and report the synthesis and characterization of three peptides predicted to be both B and T cell FliCBp epitopes, by both structure-based in silico methods, and sequence-based epitope prediction tools. All three epitopes were shown to be immunoreactive against human IgG antibodies and to elicit cytokine production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, two of the peptides (F51-69 and F270-288) were found to be dominant immunoreactive epitopes, and their antibodies enhanced the bactericidal activities of purified human neutrophils. The epitopes derived from this study may represent potential melioidosis vaccine components. Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkolderia pseudomallei that poses a major public health problem in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium is difficult to treat due to its intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, poor diagnosis, and the lack of a licensed vaccine. Vaccine safety is a prime concern, therefore recombinant protein subunit and/or peptide vaccine components, may represent safer alternatives. In this context, we targeted one of the main subunit vaccine candidates tested to date, flagellin from B. pseudomallei (FliCBp) that comprises the flagellar filament that mediates bacterial motility. Based on the knowledge that activation of both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses must be addressed in a melioidosis vaccine, we identified B and T cell immunoreactive peptides from FliCBp, using both sequence-based and structure-based computational prediction programs, for further in vitro immunological testing. Our data confirm the accuracy of sequence-based epitope prediction tools, and two structure-based methods applied to the FliCBp crystal structure (here-described), in predicting both T- and B-cell epitopes. Moreover, we identified two epitope peptides with significant joint T-cell and B-cell activities for further development as melioidosis vaccine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnone Nithichanon
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Patricia Lassaux
- Department of Biosciences, CIMAINA and CNR Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Peri
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Oscar Conchillio-Solé
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mario Ferrer-Navarro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Louise J. Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, CIMAINA and CNR Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Nardini
- Department of Biosciences, CIMAINA and CNR Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jordi Vila
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, CIMAINA and CNR Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ganjana Lertmemonkolchai
- The Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Olaya-Abril A, Jiménez-Munguía I, Gómez-Gascón L, Obando I, Rodríguez-Ortega MJ. A Pneumococcal Protein Array as a Platform to Discover Serodiagnostic Antigens Against Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2591-608. [PMID: 26183717 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is one of the most common and severe diseases associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in children and adults. Etiological diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in children is generally challenging because of limitations of diagnostic tests and interference with nasopharyngeal colonizing strains. Serological assays have recently gained interest to overcome some problems found with current diagnostic tests in pediatric pneumococcal pneumonia. To provide insight into this field, we have developed a protein array to screen the antibody response to many antigens simultaneously. Proteins were selected by experimental identification from a collection of 24 highly prevalent pediatric clinical isolates in Spain, using a proteomics approach consisting of "shaving" the cell surface with proteases and further LC/MS/MS analysis. Ninety-five proteins were recombinantly produced and printed on an array. We probed it with a collection of sera from children with pneumococcal pneumonia. From the set of the most seroprevalent antigens, we obtained a clear discriminant response for a group of three proteins (PblB, PulA, and PrtA) in children under 4 years old. We validated the results by ELISA and an immunostrip assay showed the translation to easy-to-use, affordable tests. Thus, the protein array here developed presents a tool for broad use in serodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Munguía
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- §Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Obando
- ¶Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas Pediátricas e Inmunopatología, Hospital Universitario Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez-Ortega
- From the ‡Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba; Campus de Excelencia Internacional CeiA3; and Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
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Moustafa DA, Scarff JM, Garcia PP, Cassidy SKB, DiGiandomenico A, Waag DM, Inzana TJ, Goldberg JB. Recombinant Salmonella Expressing Burkholderia mallei LPS O Antigen Provides Protection in a Murine Model of Melioidosis and Glanders. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132032. [PMID: 26148026 PMCID: PMC4492786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. These bacteria are highly infectious via the respiratory route and can cause severe and often fatal diseases in humans and animals. Both species are considered potential agents of biological warfare; they are classified as category B priority pathogens. Currently there are no human or veterinary vaccines available against these pathogens. Consequently efforts are directed towards the development of an efficacious and safe vaccine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an immunodominant antigen and potent stimulator of host immune responses. B. mallei express LPS that is structurally similar to that expressed by B. pseudomallei, suggesting the possibility of constructing a single protective vaccine against melioidosis and glanders. Previous studies of others have shown that antibodies against B. mallei or B. pseudomallei LPS partially protect mice against subsequent lethal virulent Burkholderia challenge. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of recombinant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL3261 expressing B. mallei O antigen against lethal intranasal infection with Burkholderia thailandensis, a surrogate for biothreat Burkholderia spp. in a murine model that mimics melioidosis and glanders. All vaccine-immunized mice developed a specific antibody response to B. mallei and B. pseudomallei O antigen and to B. thailandensis and were significantly protected against challenge with a lethal dose of B. thailandensis. These results suggest that live-attenuated SL3261 expressing B. mallei O antigen is a promising platform for developing a safe and effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A. Moustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Scarff
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Preston P. Garcia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sara K. B. Cassidy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Antonio DiGiandomenico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David M. Waag
- Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Inzana
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine and Virginia Tech-Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joanna B. Goldberg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Atlanta, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Saengmuang P, Kewcharoenwong C, Tippayawat P, Nithichanon A, Buddhisa S, Lertmemongkolchai G. Effect of host factors on neutrophil functions in response to Burkholderia pseudomallei in healthy Thai subjects. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 67:436-40. [PMID: 25410558 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogenic bacterium that causes melioidosis in humans. On infection, neutrophils eliminate the majority of intracellular B. pseudomallei. Previous reports on the risk factors for melioidosis have shown that host factors, particularly age and diabetes mellitus, increase susceptibility to B. pseudomallei; however, whether these factors influence neutrophil functions in response to infection remains unknown. In this study, whole blood samples were collected from healthy Thai blood donors and co-cultured with B. pseudomallei, and phagocytic and respiratory burst functions of neutrophils were then measured by flow cytometry. The results show reduced neutrophil functions in older donors or those with poor glycemic control. Furthermore, the levels of antibody against B. pseudomallei showed a positive correlation with neutrophil functions. This study therefore indicated the importance of age, glycemic control, and antibody levels in the activity of neutrophils in melioidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpun Saengmuang
- The Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University
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37
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Vander Broek CW, Chalmers KJ, Stevens MP, Stevens JM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Bsa type III secretion system effectors using hypersecreting mutants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:905-16. [PMID: 25635268 PMCID: PMC4390269 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.044875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease of humans and animals. One of the virulence factors critical for early stages of infection is the Burkholderia secretion apparatus (Bsa) Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS), a molecular syringe that injects bacterial proteins, called effectors, into eukaryotic cells where they subvert cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. Although the Bsa T3SS itself is known to be important for invasion, intracellular replication, and virulence, only a few genuine effector proteins have been identified and the complete repertoire of proteins secreted by the system has not yet been fully characterized. We constructed a mutant lacking bsaP, a homolog of the T3SS "gatekeeper" family of proteins that exert control over the timing and magnitude of effector protein secretion. Mutants lacking BsaP, or the T3SS translocon protein BipD, were observed to hypersecrete the known Bsa effector protein BopE, providing evidence of their role in post-translational control of the Bsa T3SS and representing key reagents for the identification of its secreted substrates. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ), a gel-free quantitative proteomics technique, was used to compare the secreted protein profiles of the Bsa T3SS hypersecreting mutants of B. pseudomallei with the isogenic parent strain and a bsaZ mutant incapable of effector protein secretion. Our study provides one of the most comprehensive core secretomes of B. pseudomallei described to date and identified 26 putative Bsa-dependent secreted proteins that may be considered candidate effectors. Two of these proteins, BprD and BapA, were validated as novel effector proteins secreted by the Bsa T3SS of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Vander Broek
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin J Chalmers
- §Dundee Cell Products, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne M Stevens
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.;
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38
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Gourlay LJ, Thomas RJ, Peri C, Conchillo-Solé O, Ferrer-Navarro M, Nithichanon A, Vila J, Daura X, Lertmemongkolchai G, Titball R, Colombo G, Bolognesi M. From crystal structure to in silico epitope discovery in the Burkholderia pseudomallei flagellar hook-associated protein FlgK. FEBS J 2015; 282:1319-33. [PMID: 25645451 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a potentially fatal infection that is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia that is poorly controlled by antibiotics. Research efforts to identify antigenic components for a melioidosis vaccine have led to the identification of several proteins, including subunits forming the flagella that mediate bacterial motility, host colonization, and virulence. This study focuses on the B. pseudomallei flagellar hook-associated protein (FlgK(Bp)), and provides the first insights into the 3D structure of FlgK proteins as targets for structure-based antigen engineering. The FlgK(Bp) crystal structure (presented here at 1.8-Å resolution) reveals a multidomain fold, comprising two small β-domains protruding from a large elongated α-helical bundle core. The evident structural similarity to flagellin, the flagellar filament subunit protein, suggests that, depending on the bacterial species, flagellar hook-associated proteins are likely to show a conserved, elongated α-helical bundle scaffold coupled to a variable number of smaller domains. Furthermore, we present immune serum recognition data confirming, in agreement with previous findings, that recovered melioidosis patients produce elevated levels of antibodies against FlgK(Bp), in comparison with seronegative and seropositive healthy subjects. Moreover, we show that FlgK(Bp) has cytotoxic effects on cultured murine macrophages, suggesting an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. Finally, computational epitope prediction methods applied to the FlgK(Bp) crystal structure, coupled with in vitro mapping, allowed us to predict three antigenic regions that locate to discrete protein domains. Taken together, our results point to FlgK(Bp) as a candidate for the design and production of epitope-containing subunits/domains as potential vaccine components.
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39
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Musson JA, Reynolds CJ, Rinchai D, Nithichanon A, Khaenam P, Favry E, Spink N, Chu KKY, De Soyza A, Bancroft GJ, Lertmemongkolchai G, Maillere B, Boyton RJ, Altmann DM, Robinson JH. CD4+ T cell epitopes of FliC conserved between strains of Burkholderia: implications for vaccines against melioidosis and cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:6041-9. [PMID: 25392525 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis characterized by pneumonia and fatal septicemia and prevalent in Southeast Asia. Related Burkholderia species are strong risk factors of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). The B. pseudomallei flagellar protein FliC is strongly seroreactive and vaccination protects challenged mice. We assessed B. pseudomallei FliC peptide binding affinity to multiple HLA class II alleles and then assessed CD4 T cell immunity in HLA class II transgenic mice and in seropositive individuals in Thailand. T cell hybridomas were generated to investigate cross-reactivity between B. pseudomallei and the related Burkholderia species associated with Cepacia Complex CF. B. pseudomallei FliC contained several peptide sequences with ability to bind multiple HLA class II alleles. Several peptides were shown to encompass strong CD4 T cell epitopes in B. pseudomallei-exposed individuals and in HLA transgenic mice. In particular, the p38 epitope is robustly recognized by CD4 T cells of seropositive donors across diverse HLA haplotypes. T cell hybridomas against an immunogenic B. pseudomallei FliC epitope also cross-reacted with orthologous FliC sequences from Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia, important pathogens in CF. Epitopes within FliC were accessible for processing and presentation from live or heat-killed bacteria, demonstrating that flagellin enters the HLA class II Ag presentation pathway during infection of macrophages with B. cenocepacia. Collectively, the data support the possibility of incorporating FliC T cell epitopes into vaccination programs targeting both at-risk individuals in B. pseudomallei endemic regions as well as CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Musson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J Reynolds
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Arnone Nithichanon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Emmanuel Favry
- Commiseriat à l'Energie Atomique, Insititut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France; and
| | - Natasha Spink
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Karen K Y Chu
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony De Soyza
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J Bancroft
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Bernard Maillere
- Commiseriat à l'Energie Atomique, Insititut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France; and
| | - Rosemary J Boyton
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M Altmann
- Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - John H Robinson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, United Kingdom;
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40
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The impact of "omic" and imaging technologies on assessing the host immune response to biodefence agents. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:237043. [PMID: 25333059 PMCID: PMC4182007 DOI: 10.1155/2014/237043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between host and pathogen is important for the development and assessment of medical countermeasures to infectious agents, including potential biodefence pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis, Ebola virus, and Francisella tularensis. This review focuses on technological advances which allow this interaction to be studied in much greater detail. Namely, the use of “omic” technologies (next generation sequencing, DNA, and protein microarrays) for dissecting the underlying host response to infection at the molecular level; optical imaging techniques (flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy) for assessing cellular responses to infection; and biophotonic imaging for visualising the infectious disease process. All of these technologies hold great promise for important breakthroughs in the rational development of vaccines and therapeutics for biodefence agents.
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Memišević V, Zavaljevski N, Pieper R, Rajagopala SV, Kwon K, Townsend K, Yu C, Yu X, DeShazer D, Reifman J, Wallqvist A. Novel Burkholderia mallei virulence factors linked to specific host-pathogen protein interactions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3036-51. [PMID: 23800426 PMCID: PMC3820922 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is an infectious intracellular pathogen whose virulence and resistance to antibiotics makes it a potential bioterrorism agent. Given its genetic origin as a commensal soil organism, it is equipped with an extensive and varied set of adapted mechanisms to cope with and modulate host-cell environments. One essential virulence mechanism constitutes the specialized secretion systems that are designed to penetrate host-cell membranes and insert pathogen proteins directly into the host cell's cytosol. However, the secretion systems' proteins and, in particular, their host targets are largely uncharacterized. Here, we used a combined in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approach to identify B. mallei proteins required for pathogenicity. We used bioinformatics tools, including orthology detection and ab initio predictions of secretion system proteins, as well as published experimental Burkholderia data to initially select a small number of proteins as putative virulence factors. We then used yeast two-hybrid assays against normalized whole human and whole murine proteome libraries to detect and identify interactions among each of these bacterial proteins and host proteins. Analysis of such interactions provided both verification of known virulence factors and identification of three new putative virulence proteins. We successfully created insertion mutants for each of these three proteins using the virulent B. mallei ATCC 23344 strain. We exposed BALB/c mice to mutant strains and the wild-type strain in an aerosol challenge model using lethal B. mallei doses. In each set of experiments, mice exposed to mutant strains survived for the 21-day duration of the experiment, whereas mice exposed to the wild-type strain rapidly died. Given their in vivo role in pathogenicity, and based on the yeast two-hybrid interaction data, these results point to the importance of these pathogen proteins in modulating host ubiquitination pathways, phagosomal escape, and actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Memišević
- From the ‡Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Nela Zavaljevski
- From the ‡Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | | | | | - Keehwan Kwon
- §J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | | | - Chenggang Yu
- From the ‡Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Xueping Yu
- From the ‡Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - David DeShazer
- ¶Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Jaques Reifman
- From the ‡Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- From the ‡Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702
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Dennehy R, McClean S. Immunoproteomics: the key to discovery of new vaccine antigens against bacterial respiratory infections. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2013; 13:807-15. [PMID: 23305366 PMCID: PMC3594738 DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance and the shortage of new antimicrobials to prevent difficult bacterial infections underlines the importance of prophylactic therapies to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. Vaccination has reduced the incidence of many serious diseases, including respiratory bacterial infections. However, there are many pathogens for which no vaccine is available and some vaccines are not effective among all age groups or among immunocompromised individuals. Immunoproteomics is a powerful technique which has been used to identify potential vaccine candidates to protect against pathogenic bacteria. The combination of proteomics with the detection of immunoreactive antigens using serum highlights immunogenic proteins that are expressed during infection. This is particularly useful when patient serum is used as the antigens that promote a humoral response during human infection are identified. This review outlines examples of vaccine candidates that have been identified using immunoproteomics and have successfully protected animals against challenge when tested in immunisation studies. Many immunoreactive proteins are common to several unrelated pathogens, however some of these are not always protective in animal immunisation and challenge studies. Furthermore, examples of well-established immunogens, including Bordetella pertussis antigen FHA were not detected in immunoproteomics studies, indicating that this technology may underrepresent the immunoreactive proteins in a pathogen. Although only one step in the pathway towards an efficacious approved vaccine, immunoproteomics is an important technology in the identification of novel vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dennehy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Old Blessington Road, Dublin 24, Ireland
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43
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Exploiting the Burkholderia pseudomallei acute phase antigen BPSL2765 for structure-based epitope discovery/design in structural vaccinology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:1147-56. [PMID: 23993463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We solved the crystal structure of Burkholderia pseudomallei acute phase antigen BPSL2765 in the context of a structural vaccinology study, in the area of melioidosis vaccine development. Based on the structure, we applied a recently developed method for epitope design that combines computational epitope predictions with in vitro mapping experiments and successfully identified a consensus sequence within the antigen that, when engineered as a synthetic peptide, was selectively immunorecognized to the same extent as the recombinant protein in sera from melioidosis-affected subjects. Antibodies raised against the consensus peptide were successfully tested in opsonization bacterial killing experiments and antibody-dependent agglutination tests of B. pseudomallei. Our strategy represents a step in the development of immunodiagnostics, in the production of specific antibodies and in the optimization of antigens for vaccine development, starting from structural and physicochemical principles.
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44
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Functional characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei trimeric autotransporters. Infect Immun 2013; 81:2788-99. [PMID: 23716608 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00526-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a tier 1 select agent and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe and often fatal disease with symptoms ranging from acute pneumonia and septic shock to a chronic infection characterized by abscess formation in the lungs, liver, and spleen. Autotransporters (ATs) are exoproteins belonging to the type V secretion system family, with many playing roles in pathogenesis. The genome of B. pseudomallei strain 1026b encodes nine putative trimeric AT proteins, of which only four have been described. Using a bioinformatic approach, we annotated putative domains within each trimeric AT protein, excluding the well-studied BimA protein, and found short repeated sequences unique to Burkholderia species, as well as an unexpectedly large proportion of ATs with extended signal peptide regions (ESPRs). To characterize the role of trimeric ATs in pathogenesis, we constructed disruption or deletion mutations in each of eight AT-encoding genes and evaluated the resulting strains for adherence to, invasion of, and plaque formation in A549 cells. The majority of the ATs (and/or the proteins encoded downstream) contributed to adherence to and efficient invasion of A549 cells. Using a BALB/c mouse model of infection, we determined the contributions of each AT to bacterial burdens in the lungs, liver, and spleen. At 48 h postinoculation, only one strain, Bp340::pDbpaC, demonstrated a defect in dissemination and/or survival in the liver, indicating that BpaC is required for wild-type virulence in this model.
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics, has led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel based, array based, mass spectrometry, DNA based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Lassaux P, Peri C, Ferrer-Navarro M, Gourlay LJ, Gori A, Conchillo-Solé O, Rinchai D, Lertmemongkolchai G, Longhi R, Daura X, Colombo G, Bolognesi M. A structure-based strategy for epitope discovery in Burkholderia pseudomallei OppA antigen. Structure 2012; 21:167-175. [PMID: 23159127 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We present an approach integrating structural and computational biology with immunological tests to identify epitopes in the OppA antigen from the Gram-negative pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis. The crystal structure of OppA(Bp), reported here at 2.1 Å resolution, was the basis for a computational analysis that identified three potential epitopes. In parallel, antigen proteolysis and immunocapturing allowed us to identify three additional peptides. All six potential epitopes were synthesized as free peptides and tested for their immunoreactivity against sera from healthy seronegative, healthy seropositive, and recovered melioidosis patients. Three synthetic peptides allowed the different patient groups to be distinguished, underlining the potential of this approach. Extension of the computational analysis, including energy-based decomposition methods, allowed rationalizing results of the predictive analyses and the immunocapture epitope mapping. Our results illustrate a structure-based epitope discovery process, whose application may expand our perspectives in the diagnostic and vaccine design fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lassaux
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Claudio Peri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Department of Computational Biology, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Mario Ferrer-Navarro
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Louise J Gourlay
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Department of Computational Biology, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Oscar Conchillo-Solé
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Renato Longhi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Department of Computational Biology, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Xavier Daura
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Department of Computational Biology, Milan 20131, Italy.
| | - Martino Bolognesi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Biophysics, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy.
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Varga JJ, Vigil A, DeShazer D, Waag DM, Felgner P, Goldberg JB. Distinct human antibody response to the biological warfare agent Burkholderia mallei. Virulence 2012; 3:510-4. [PMID: 23076276 DOI: 10.4161/viru.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic similarity between Burkholderia mallei (glanders) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) had led to the general assumption that pathogenesis of each bacterium would be similar. In 2000, the first human case of glanders in North America since 1945 was reported in a microbiology laboratory worker. Leveraging the availability of pre-exposure sera for this individual and employing the same well-characterized protein array platform that has been previously used to study a large cohort of melioidosis patients in southeast Asia, we describe the antibody response in a human with glanders. Analysis of 156 peptides present on the array revealed antibodies against 17 peptides with a > 2-fold increase in this infection. Unexpectedly, when the glanders data were compared with a previous data set from B. pseudomallei infections, there were only two highly increased antibodies shared between these two infections. These findings have implications in the diagnosis and treatment of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Varga
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Leptospiral outer membrane protein microarray, a novel approach to identification of host ligand-binding proteins. J Bacteriol 2012; 194:6074-87. [PMID: 22961849 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01119-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by pathogenic spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira. The leptospiral life cycle involves transmission via freshwater and colonization of the renal tubules of their reservoir hosts. Infection requires adherence to cell surfaces and extracellular matrix components of host tissues. These host-pathogen interactions involve outer membrane proteins (OMPs) expressed on the bacterial surface. In this study, we developed an Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 OMP microarray containing all predicted lipoproteins and transmembrane OMPs. A total of 401 leptospiral genes or their fragments were transcribed and translated in vitro and printed on nitrocellulose-coated glass slides. We investigated the potential of this protein microarray to screen for interactions between leptospiral OMPs and fibronectin (Fn). This approach resulted in the identification of the recently described fibronectin-binding protein, LIC10258 (MFn8, Lsa66), and 14 novel Fn-binding proteins, denoted Microarray Fn-binding proteins (MFns). We confirmed Fn binding of purified recombinant LIC11612 (MFn1), LIC10714 (MFn2), LIC11051 (MFn6), LIC11436 (MFn7), LIC10258 (MFn8, Lsa66), and LIC10537 (MFn9) by far-Western blot assays. Moreover, we obtained specific antibodies to MFn1, MFn7, MFn8 (Lsa66), and MFn9 and demonstrated that MFn1, MFn7, and MFn9 are expressed and surface exposed under in vitro growth conditions. Further, we demonstrated that MFn1, MFn4 (LIC12631, Sph2), and MFn7 enable leptospires to bind fibronectin when expressed in the saprophyte, Leptospira biflexa. Protein microarrays are valuable tools for high-throughput identification of novel host ligand-binding proteins that have the potential to play key roles in the virulence mechanisms of pathogens.
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Lazar Adler NR, Stevens JM, Stevens MP, Galyov EE. Autotransporters and Their Role in the Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:151. [PMID: 21811486 PMCID: PMC3139927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are closely related Gram-negative bacteria responsible for the infectious diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. Autotransporters (ATs) comprise a large and diverse family of secreted and outer membrane proteins that includes virulence-associated invasins, adhesins, proteases, and actin-nucleating factors. The B. pseudomallei K96243 genome contains 11 predicted ATs, eight of which share homologs in the B. mallei ATCC 23344 genome. This review distils key findings from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies on the ATs of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei. To date, the best characterized of the predicted ATs of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei is BimA, a predicted trimeric AT mediating actin-based motility which varies in sequence and mode of action between Burkholderia species. Of the remaining eight predicted B. pseudomallei trimeric autotransporters, five of which are also present in B. mallei, two (BoaA and BoaB), have been implicated in bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. Several predicted Burkholderia ATs are recognized by human humoral and cell-mediated immunity, indicating that they are expressed during infection and may be useful for diagnosis and vaccine-mediated protection. Further studies on the mode of secretion and functions of Burkholderia ATs will facilitate the rational design of control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Lazar Adler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester Leicester, UK
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