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Coleman DJ, Keane P, Chin PS, Ames L, Kellaway S, Blair H, Khan N, Griffin J, Holmes E, Maytum A, Potluri S, Strate L, Koscielniak K, Raghavan M, Bushweller J, Heidenreich O, Rabbitts T, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. Pharmacological inhibition of RAS overcomes FLT3 inhibitor resistance in FLT3-ITD+ AML through AP-1 and RUNX1. iScience 2024; 27:109576. [PMID: 38638836 PMCID: PMC11024925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
AML is characterized by mutations in genes associated with growth regulation such as internal tandem duplications (ITD) in the receptor kinase FLT3. Inhibitors targeting FLT3 (FLT3i) are being used to treat patients with FLT3-ITD+ but most relapse and become resistant. To elucidate the resistance mechanism, we compared the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of leukemic cells from patients before and after relapse, which revealed that the GRNs of drug-responsive patients were altered by rewiring their AP-1-RUNX1 axis. Moreover, FLT3i induces the upregulation of signaling genes, and we show that multiple cytokines, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), can overcome FLT3 inhibition and send cells back into cycle. FLT3i leads to loss of AP-1 and RUNX1 chromatin binding, which is counteracted by IL-3. However, cytokine-mediated drug resistance can be overcome by a pan-RAS inhibitor. We show that cytokines instruct AML growth via the transcriptional regulators AP-1 and RUNX1 and that pan-RAS drugs bypass this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J.L. Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Keane
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paulynn S. Chin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luke Ames
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie Kellaway
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Blair
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Naeem Khan
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Griffin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holmes
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Maytum
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lara Strate
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kinga Koscielniak
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manoj Raghavan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Bushweller
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Princess Máxima Centrum of Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Terry Rabbitts
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter N. Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pham D, Silberger DJ, Nguyen KN, Gao M, Weaver CT, Hatton RD. Batf stabilizes Th17 cell development via impaired Stat5 recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 complexes. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109803. [PMID: 36917143 PMCID: PMC10106990 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the activator protein-1 (AP-1) factor Batf is required for Th17 cell development, its mechanisms of action to underpin the Th17 program are incompletely understood. Here, we find that Batf ensures Th17 cell identity in part by restricting alternative gene programs through its actions to restrain IL-2 expression and IL-2-induced Stat5 activation. This, in turn, limits Stat5-dependent recruitment of Ets1-Runx1 factors to Th1- and Treg-cell-specific gene loci. Thus, in addition to pioneering regulatory elements in Th17-specific loci, Batf acts indirectly to inhibit the assembly of a Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 complex that enhances the transcription of Th1- and Treg-cell-specific genes. These findings unveil an important role for Stat5-Ets1-Runx1 interactions in transcriptional networks that define alternate T cell fates and indicate that Batf plays an indispensable role in both inducing and maintaining the Th17 program through its actions to regulate the competing actions of Stat5-assembled enhanceosomes that promote Th1- and Treg-cell developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Pham
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Daniel J Silberger
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Kim N Nguyen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Min Gao
- Informatics InstituteUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Casey T Weaver
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Robin D Hatton
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
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3
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Contribution of the STAT Family of Transcription Factors to the Expression of the Serotonin 2B (HTR2B) Receptor in Human Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031564. [PMID: 35163491 PMCID: PMC8836204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) remains the most common intraocular malignancy among diseases affecting the adult eye. The primary tumor disseminates to the liver in half of patients and leads to a 6 to 12-month survival rate, making UM a particularly aggressive type of cancer. Genomic analyses have led to the development of gene-expression profiles that can efficiently predict metastatic progression. Among these genes, that encoding the serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) represents the most discriminant from this molecular signature, its aberrant expression being the hallmark of UM metastatic progression. Recent evidence suggests that expression of HTR2B might be regulated through the Janus kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) intracellular signalization pathway. However, little is actually known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the abnormally elevated expression of the HTR2B gene in metastatic UM and whether activated STAT proteins participates to this mechanism. In this study, we determined the pattern of STAT family members expressed in both primary tumors and UM cell-lines, and evaluated their contribution to HTR2B gene expression. Examination of the HTR2B promoter sequence revealed the presence of a STAT putative target site (5′-TTC (N)3 GAA3′) located 280 bp upstream of the mRNA start site that is completely identical to the high affinity binding site recognized by these TFs. Gene profiling on microarrays provided evidence that metastatic UM cell lines with high levels of HTR2B also express high levels of STAT proteins whereas low levels of these TFs are observed in non-metastatic UM cells with low levels of HTR2B, suggesting that STAT proteins contribute to HTR2B gene expression in UM cells. All UM cell lines tested were found to express their own pattern of STAT proteins in Western blot analyses. Furthermore, T142 and T143 UM cells responded to interleukins IL-4 and IL-6 by increasing the phosphorylation status of STAT1. Most of all, expression of HTR2B also considerably increased in response to both IL-4 and IL-6 therefore providing evidence that HTR2B gene expression is modulated by STAT proteins in UM cells. The binding of STAT proteins to the −280 HTR2B/STAT site was also demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analyses and site-directed mutation of that STAT site also abolished both IL-4 and IL-6 responsiveness in in vitro transfection analyses. The results of this study therefore demonstrate that members from the STAT family of TFs positively contribute to the expression of HTR2B in uveal melanoma.
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Douchi D, Yamamura A, Matsuo J, Lee JW, Nuttonmanit N, Melissa Lim YH, Suda K, Shimura M, Chen S, Pang S, Kohu K, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kaneda A, Yoshida H, Taniuchi I, Osato M, Yang H, Unno M, Bok-Yan So J, Yeoh KG, Huey Chuang LS, Bae SC, Ito Y. A Point Mutation R122C in RUNX3 Promotes the Expansion of Isthmus Stem Cells and Inhibits Their Differentiation in the Stomach. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1317-1345. [PMID: 35074568 PMCID: PMC8933847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS RUNX transcription factors play pivotal roles in embryonic development and neoplasia. We previously identified the single missense mutation R122C in RUNX3 from human gastric cancer. However, how RUNX3R122C mutation disrupts stem cell homeostasis and promotes gastric carcinogenesis remained unclear. METHODS To understand the oncogenic nature of this mutation in vivo, we generated the RUNX3R122C knock-in mice. Stomach tissues were harvested, followed by histologic and immunofluorescence staining, organoid culture, flow cytometry to isolate gastric corpus isthmus and nonisthmus epithelial cells, and RNA extraction for transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS The corpus tissue of RUNX3R122C/R122C homozygous mice showed a precancerous phenotype such as spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia. We observed mucous neck cell hyperplasia; massive reduction of pit, parietal, and chief cell populations; as well as a dramatic increase in the number of rapidly proliferating isthmus stem/progenitor cells in the corpus of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice. Transcriptomic analyses of the isolated epithelial cells showed that the cell-cycle-related MYC target gene signature was enriched in the corpus epithelial cells of RUNX3R122C/R122C mice compared with the wild-type corpus. Mechanistically, RUNX3R122C mutant protein disrupted the regulation of the restriction point where cells decide to enter either a proliferative or quiescent state, thereby driving stem cell expansion and limiting the ability of cells to terminally differentiate. CONCLUSIONS RUNX3R122C missense mutation is associated with the continuous cycling of isthmus stem/progenitor cells, maturation arrest, and development of a precancerous state. This work highlights the importance of RUNX3 in the prevention of metaplasia and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Douchi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yamamura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung-Won Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Napat Nuttonmanit
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Hui Melissa Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuto Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shimura
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sabirah Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - ShuChin Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kazuyoshi Kohu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- YCI Laboratory for Immunological Transcriptomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motomi Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jimmy Bok-Yan So
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute for Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Korinfskaya S, Parameswaran S, Weirauch MT, Barski A. Runx Transcription Factors in T Cells-What Is Beyond Thymic Development? Front Immunol 2021; 12:701924. [PMID: 34421907 PMCID: PMC8377396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx proteins (also known as Runt-domain transcription factors) have been studied for a long time as key regulators of cellular differentiation. RUNX2 has been described as essential for osteogenesis, whereas RUNX1 and RUNX3 are known to control blood cell development during different stages of cell lineage specification. However, recent studies show evidence of complex relationships between RUNX proteins, chromatin-modifying machinery, the cytoskeleton and different transcription factors in various non-embryonic contexts, including mature T cell homeostasis, inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the diversity of Runx functions in mature T helper cells, such as production of cytokines and chemokines by different CD4 T cell populations; apoptosis; and immunologic memory acquisition. We then briefly cover recent findings about the contribution of RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3 to various immunologic diseases. Finally, we discuss areas that require further study to better understand the role that Runx proteins play in inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Korinfskaya
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Artem Barski
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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6
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Lin A, Elbezanti WO, Schirling A, Ahmed A, Van Duyne R, Cocklin S, Klase Z. Alprazolam Prompts HIV-1 Transcriptional Reactivation and Enhances CTL Response Through RUNX1 Inhibition and STAT5 Activation. Front Neurol 2021; 12:663793. [PMID: 34367046 PMCID: PMC8339301 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.663793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 pandemic is a significant challenge to the field of medicine. Despite advancements in antiretroviral (ART) development, 38 million people worldwide still live with this disease without a cure. A significant barrier to the eradication of HIV-1 lies in the persistently latent pool that establishes early in the infection. The “shock and kill” strategy relies on the discovery of a latency-reversing agent (LRA) that can robustly reactivate the latent pool and not limit immune clearance. We have found that a benzodiazepine (BDZ), that is commonly prescribed for panic and anxiety disorder, to be an ideal candidate for latency reversal. The BDZ Alprazolam functions as an inhibitor of the transcription factor RUNX1, which negatively regulates HIV-1 transcription. In addition to the displacement of RUNX1 from the HIV-1 5′LTR, Alprazolam potentiates the activation of STAT5 and its recruitment to the viral promoter. The activation of STAT5 in cytotoxic T cells may enable immune activation which is independent of the IL-2 receptor. These findings have significance for the potential use of Alprazolam in a curative strategy and to addressing the neuroinflammation associated with neuroHIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weam Othman Elbezanti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexis Schirling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,HIV-1 Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Adel Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rachel Van Duyne
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simon Cocklin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zachary Klase
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Neuroimmunology and CNS Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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7
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Hantisteanu S, Dicken Y, Negreanu V, Goldenberg D, Brenner O, Leshkowitz D, Lotem J, Levanon D, Groner Y. Runx3 prevents spontaneous colitis by directing the differentiation of anti-inflammatory mononuclear phagocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233044. [PMID: 32453801 PMCID: PMC7250423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the transcription factor Runx3 develop a multitude of immune system defects, including early onset colitis. This paper demonstrates that Runx3 is expressed in colonic mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), including resident macrophages (RM) and dendritic cell subsets (cDC2). Runx3 deletion in MNP causes early onset colitis due to their impaired maturation. Mechanistically, the resulting MNP subset imbalance leads to up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes as occurs in IL10R-deficient RM. In addition, RM and cDC2 display a marked decrease in expression of anti-inflammatory/TGF β-regulated genes and β-catenin signaling associated genes, respectively. MNP transcriptome and ChIP-seq data analysis suggest that a significant fraction of genes affected by Runx3 loss are direct Runx3 targets. Collectively, Runx3 imposes intestinal immune tolerance by regulating maturation of colonic anti-inflammatory MNP, befitting the identification of RUNX3 as a genome-wide associated risk gene for various immune-related diseases in humans, including gastrointestinal tract diseases such as Crohn’s disease and celiac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Hantisteanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Dicken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dalia Goldenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Brenner
- Veterinary Resources, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Joseph Lotem
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail:
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8
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Balogh P, Adelman ER, Pluvinage JV, Capaldo BJ, Freeman KC, Singh S, Elagib KE, Nakamura Y, Kurita R, Sashida G, Zunder ER, Li H, Gru AA, Price EA, Schrier SL, Weissman IL, Figueroa ME, Pang WW, Goldfarb AN. RUNX3 levels in human hematopoietic progenitors are regulated by aging and dictate erythroid-myeloid balance. Haematologica 2020; 105:905-913. [PMID: 31171641 PMCID: PMC7109730 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.208918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy bone marrow progenitors yield a co-ordinated balance of hematopoietic lineages. This balance shifts with aging toward enhanced granulopoiesis with diminished erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis, changes which likely contribute to the development of bone marrow disorders in the elderly. In this study, RUNX3 was identified as a hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell factor whose levels decline with aging in humans and mice. This decline is exaggerated in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from subjects diagnosed with unexplained anemia of the elderly. Hematopoietic stem cells from elderly unexplained anemia patients had diminished erythroid but unaffected granulocytic colony forming potential. Knockdown studies revealed human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to be strongly influenced by RUNX3 levels, with modest deficiencies abrogating erythroid differentiation at multiple steps while retaining capacity for granulopoiesis. Transcriptome profiling indicated control by RUNX3 of key erythroid transcription factors, including KLF1 and GATA1 These findings thus implicate RUNX3 as a participant in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell aging, and a key determinant of erythroid-myeloid lineage balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Balogh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Emmalee R Adelman
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John V Pluvinage
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katie C Freeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Kamaleldin E Elagib
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Research and Development Department, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tatsumi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis IRCMS, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eli R Zunder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stanley L Schrier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maria E Figueroa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy W Pang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Adam N Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
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9
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Benzodiazepines Drive Alteration of Chromatin at the Integrated HIV-1 LTR. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020191. [PMID: 32050449 PMCID: PMC7077212 DOI: 10.3390/v12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) lowers human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load to undetectable levels, but does not eliminate the latent reservoir. One of the factors controlling the latent reservoir is transcriptional silencing of the integrated HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). The molecular mechanisms that control HIV-1 transcription are not completely understood. We have previously shown that RUNX1, a host transcription factor, may play a role in the establishment and maintenance of HIV-1 latency. Prior work has demonstrated that inhibition of RUNX1 by the benzodiazepine (BDZ) Ro5-3335 synergizes with suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) to activate HIV-1 transcription. In this current work, we examine the effect of RUNX1 inhibition on the chromatin state of the integrated HIV-1 LTR. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we found that Ro5-3335 significantly increased the occupancy of STAT5 at the HIV-1 LTR. We also screened other BDZs for their ability to regulate HIV-1 transcription and demonstrate their ability to increase transcription and alter chromatin at the LTR without negatively affecting Tat activity. These findings shed further light on the mechanism by which RUNX proteins control HIV-1 transcription and suggest that BDZ compounds might be useful in activating HIV-1 transcription through STAT5 recruitment to the HIV-1 LTR.
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10
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STAT5 is essential for IL-7-mediated viability, growth, and proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2199-2213. [PMID: 30185437 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018021063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) constitutes an aggressive subset of ALL, the most frequent childhood malignancy. Whereas interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential for normal T-cell development, it can also accelerate T-ALL development in vivo and leukemia cell survival and proliferation by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Here, we investigated whether STAT5 could also mediate IL-7 T-ALL-promoting effects. We show that IL-7 induces STAT pathway activation in T-ALL cells and that STAT5 inactivation prevents IL-7-mediated T-ALL cell viability, growth, and proliferation. At the molecular level, STAT5 is required for IL-7-induced downregulation of p27kip1 and upregulation of the transferrin receptor, CD71. Surprisingly, STAT5 inhibition does not significantly affect IL-7-mediated Bcl-2 upregulation, suggesting that, contrary to normal T-cells, STAT5 promotes leukemia cell survival through a Bcl-2-independent mechanism. STAT5 chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing reveal a diverse IL-7-driven STAT5-dependent transcriptional program in T-ALL cells, which includes BCL6 inactivation by alternative transcription and upregulation of the oncogenic serine/threonine kinase PIM1 Pharmacological inhibition of PIM1 abrogates IL-7-mediated proliferation on T-ALL cells, indicating that strategies involving the use of PIM kinase small-molecule inhibitors may have therapeutic potential against a majority of leukemias that rely on IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) signaling. Overall, our results demonstrate that STAT5, in part by upregulating PIM1 activity, plays a major role in mediating the leukemia-promoting effects of IL-7/IL-7R.
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11
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Liu S, Xing Y, Lu W, Li S, Tian Z, Xing H, Tang K, Xu Y, Rao Q, Wang M, Wang J. RUNX1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of t(8;21) leukemia cells via KLF4-mediated transactivation of P57. Haematologica 2019; 104:1597-1607. [PMID: 30792202 PMCID: PMC6669147 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.192773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is a key transcription factor in hematopoiesis and its disruption is one of the most common aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia. RUNX1 alterations affect its DNA binding capacity and transcriptional activities, leading to the deregulation of transcriptional targets, and abnormal proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells. Identification of RUNX1 target genes and clarification of their biological functions are of great importance in the search for new therapeutic strategies for RUNX1-altered leukemia. In this study, we identified and confirmed that KLF4, a known tumor suppressor gene, as a direct target of RUNX1, was down-regulated in RUNX1-ETO leukemia. RUNX1 bound to KLF4 promoter in chromatin to activate its transcription, while the leukemogenic RUNX1-ETO fusion protein had little effect on this transactivation. KLF4 was also identified as a novel binding partner of RUNX1. RUNX1 interacted with KLF4 through Runt domain and further co-activated its target genes. However, RUNX1-ETO competed with RUNX1 to bind KLF4 through Runt and ETO domains, and abrogated transcription of KLF4. Finally, overexpression experiments indicated that RUNX1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of t(8;21) leukemia cells via KLF4-mediated upregulation of P57. These data suggest KLF4 dysregulation mediated by RUNX1-ETO enhances proliferation and retards apoptosis, and provides a potential target for therapy of t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Yanyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Wenting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Shouyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology .,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, P.R. China
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12
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Rytkönen KT, Erkenbrack EM, Poutanen M, Elo LL, Pavlicev M, Wagner GP. Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Fibroblasts is a Multiphasic Process Involving Distinct Transcriptional Programs. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:323-336. [PMID: 30309298 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118802056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Decidual stromal cells differentiate from endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESFs) under the influence of progesterone and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and are essential for implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy. They evolved in the stem lineage of placental (eutherian) mammals coincidental with the evolution of implantation. Here we use the well-established in vitro decidualization protocol to compare early (3 days) and late (8 days) gene transcription patterns in immortalized human ESF. We document extensive, dynamic changes in the early and late decidual cell transcriptomes. The data suggest the existence of an early signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway dominated state and a later nuclear factor κB (NFKB) pathway regulated state. Transcription factor expression in both phases is characterized by putative or known progesterone receptor ( PGR) target genes, suggesting that both phases are under progesterone control. Decidualization leads to proliferative quiescence, which is reversible by progesterone withdrawal after 3 days but to a lesser extent after 8 days of decidualization. In contrast, progesterone withdrawal induces cell death at comparable levels after short or long exposure to progestins and cAMP. We conclude that decidualization is characterized by a biphasic gene expression dynamic that likely corresponds to different phases in the establishment of the fetal-maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle T Rytkönen
- 1 Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA.,2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,3 Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, Finland.,4 Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eric M Erkenbrack
- 1 Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA.,2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matti Poutanen
- 3 Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- 4 Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Mihaela Pavlicev
- 5 Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Günter P Wagner
- 1 Yale Systems Biology Institute, West Haven, CT, USA.,2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,6 Department of Obstetrics, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA.,7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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13
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A STAT3-dependent transcriptional circuitry inhibits cytotoxic gene expression in T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13236-13241. [PMID: 29180433 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711160114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are preprogrammed for cytotoxic differentiation in the thymus as they acquire expression of the transcription factor Runx3. However, a subset of effector CD8+ T cells (Tc17) produce IL-17 and fail to express cytotoxic genes. Here, we show that the transcription factors directing IL-17 production, STAT3 and RORγt, inhibit cytotoxicity despite persistent Runx3 expression. Cytotoxic gene repression did not require the transcription factor Thpok, which in CD4+ T cells restrains Runx3 functions and cytotoxicity; and STAT3 restrained cytotoxic gene expression in CD8+ T cells responding to viral infection in vivo. STAT3-induced RORγt represses cytotoxic genes by inhibiting the functions but not the expression of the "cytotoxic" transcription factors T-bet and Eomesodermin. Thus, the transcriptional circuitry directing IL-17 expression inhibits cytotoxic functions. However, by allowing expression of activators of the cytotoxic program, this inhibitory mechanism contributes to the instability of IL-17-producing T cells.
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Chuang LSH, Ito K, Ito Y. Roles of RUNX in Solid Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:299-320. [PMID: 28299665 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
All RUNX genes have been implicated in the development of solid tumors, but the role each RUNX gene plays in the different tumor types is complicated by multiple interactions with major signaling pathways and tumor heterogeneity. Moreover, for a given tissue type, the specific role of each RUNX protein is distinct at different stages of differentiation. A regulatory function for RUNX in tissue stem cells points sharply to a causal effect in tumorigenesis. Understanding how RUNX dysregulation in cancer impinges on normal biological processes is important for identifying the molecular mechanisms that lead to malignancy. It will also indicate whether restoration of proper RUNX function to redirect cell fate is a feasible treatment for cancer. With the recent advances in RUNX research, it is time to revisit the many mechanisms/pathways that RUNX engage to regulate cell fate and decide whether cells proliferate, differentiate or die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Shyue Huey Chuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Kosei Ito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive #12-01, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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15
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Nanou A, Toumpeki C, Lavigne MD, Lazou V, Demmers J, Paparountas T, Thanos D, Katsantoni E. The dual role of LSD1 and HDAC3 in STAT5-dependent transcription is determined by protein interactions, binding affinities, motifs and genomic positions. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:142-154. [PMID: 27651463 PMCID: PMC5224505 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT5 interacts with other factors to control transcription, and the mechanism of regulation is of interest as constitutive active STAT5 has been reported in malignancies. Here, LSD1 and HDAC3 were identified as novel STAT5a interacting partners in pro-B cells. Characterization of STAT5a, LSD1 and HDAC3 target genes by ChIP-seq and RNA-seq revealed gene subsets regulated by independent or combined action of the factors and LSD1/HDAC3 to play dual role in their activation or repression. Genes bound by STAT5a alone or in combination with weakly associated LSD1 or HDAC3 were enriched for the canonical STAT5a GAS motif, and such binding induced activation or repression. Strong STAT5 binding was seen more frequently in intergenic regions, which might function as distal enhancer elements. Groups of genes bound weaker by STAT5a and stronger by LSD1/HDAC3 showed an absence of the GAS motif, and were differentially regulated based on their genomic binding localization and binding affinities. These genes exhibited increased binding frequency in promoters, and in conjunction with the absence of GAS sites, the data indicate a requirement for stabilization by additional factors, which might recruit LSD1/HDAC3. Our study describes an interaction network of STAT5a/LSD1/HDAC3 and a dual function of LSD1/HDAC3 on STAT5-dependent transcription, defined by protein–protein interactions, genomic binding localization/affinity and motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Nanou
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrisavgi Toumpeki
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Matthieu D Lavigne
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Lazou
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Triantafillos Paparountas
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsantoni
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou tou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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16
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Zhang K, Li N, Ainsworth RI, Wang W. Systematic identification of protein combinations mediating chromatin looping. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12249. [PMID: 27461729 PMCID: PMC4974460 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin looping plays a pivotal role in gene expression and other biological processes through bringing distal regulatory elements into spatial proximity. The formation of chromatin loops is mainly mediated by DNA-binding proteins (DBPs) that bind to the interacting sites and form complexes in three-dimensional (3D) space. Previously, identification of DBP cooperation has been limited to those binding to neighbouring regions in the proximal linear genome (1D cooperation). Here we present the first study that integrates protein ChIP-seq and Hi-C data to systematically identify both the 1D- and 3D-cooperation between DBPs. We develop a new network model that allows identification of cooperation between multiple DBPs and reveals cell-type-specific and -independent regulations. Using this framework, we retrieve many known and previously unknown 3D-cooperations between DBPs in chromosomal loops that may be a key factor in influencing the 3D organization of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
| | - Richard I. Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0359, USA
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17
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RUNX1 haploinsufficiency results in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor hypersensitivity. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e379. [PMID: 26745853 PMCID: PMC4742622 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX1/AML1 is among the most commonly mutated genes in human leukemia. Haploinsufficiency of RUNX1 causes familial platelet disorder with predisposition to myeloid malignancies (FPD/MM). However, the molecular mechanism of FPD/MM remains unknown. Here we show that murine Runx1+/− hematopoietic cells are hypersensitive to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), leading to enhanced expansion and mobilization of stem/progenitor cells and myeloid differentiation block. Upon G-CSF stimulation, Runx1+/− cells exhibited a more pronounced phosphorylation of STAT3 as compared with Runx1+/+ cells, which may be due to reduced expression of Pias3, a key negative regulator of STAT3 signaling, and reduced physical sequestration of STAT3 by RUNX1. Most importantly, blood cells from a FPD patient with RUNX1 mutation exhibited similar G-CSF hypersensitivity. Taken together, Runx1 haploinsufficiency appears to predispose FPD patients to MM by expanding the pool of stem/progenitor cells and blocking myeloid differentiation in response to G-CSF.
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18
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May M, Mosto J, Vazquez PM, Gonzalez P, Rojas P, Gass H, Lanari C, Molinolo AA. Nuclear staining of fgfr-2/stat-5 and runx-2 in mucinous breast cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 100:39-44. [PMID: 26551078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucinous carcinoma (MBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer characterized by the production of variable amounts of mucin, with a prognosis better than that of non-mucinous carcinomas (NMBC). The aim of this project was to evaluate the expression of STAT-5, RUNX-2, and FGFR-2 in a cohort of MBC and compare it with that of NMBC using standard immunohistochemistry. STAT-5 and RUNX-2 are two transcription factors with cytoplasmic and/or nuclear localization that have been related to FGFR-2, a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor that can interact with STAT-5 and with PR in the nuclei of breast cancer cells. Membranous, cytoplasmic, and nuclear staining were evaluated and expressed as the percentage of stained cells (0-100%) multiplied by the staining intensity (0-3), thus obtaining an index ranging from 0 to 300. Nuclear and/or cytoplasmic immunoreactivity of the three proteins were detected in a high number of NMBC. Nuclear FGFR-2 staining correlated with nuclear STAT-5 (p<0.05) and nuclear RUNX-2 (p<0.01) in both tumor types; however MBC had a significant higher expression of nuclear FGFR-2 (p<0.01) and RUNX-2 (p<0.05) than that of NMBC, and displayed positive immunoreactivity of the 3 proteins in 70.8% of the cases. These results suggest that these proteins may have a role in the progression of the mucinous phenotype, in which nuclear STAT-5 may inhibit RUNX-2 prometastatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María May
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Mosto
- Breast Pathology Consultant in Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pedro Gonzalez
- Magdalena V de Martinez Hospital, General Pacheco, Tigre, Argentina
| | - Paola Rojas
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Gass
- Magdalena V de Martinez Hospital, General Pacheco, Tigre, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Laboratory of Hormonal Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo A Molinolo
- Department of Pathology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, USA.
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19
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Zeng Y, Min L, Han Y, Meng L, Liu C, Xie Y, Dong B, Wang L, Jiang B, Xu H, Zhuang Q, Zhao C, Qu L, Shou C. Inhibition of STAT5a by Naa10p contributes to decreased breast cancer metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2244-53. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Dieudonne FX, Sévère N, Biosse-Duplan M, Weng JJ, Su Y, Marie PJ. Promotion of osteoblast differentiation in mesenchymal cells through Cbl-mediated control of STAT5 activity. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1340-9. [PMID: 23533197 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling the degradation of regulatory proteins in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may provide clues to promote MSC osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Ubiquitin ligase-dependent degradation of proteins is an important process governing cell fate. In this study, we investigated the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl in MSC osteoblast differentiation and identified the mechanisms involved in this effect. Using distinct shRNA targeting c-Cbl, we showed that c-Cbl silencing promotes osteoblast differentiation in murine and human MSC, as demonstrated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity, expression of phenotypic osteoblast marker genes (RUNX2, ALP, type 1 collagen), and matrix mineralization in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses showed that c-Cbl interacts with the transcription factor STAT5, and that STAT5 forms a complex with RUNX2, a master transcription factor controlling osteoblastogenesis. Silencing c-Cbl decreased c-Cbl-mediated STAT5 ubiquitination, increased STAT5 protein level and phosphorylation, and enhanced STAT5 and RUNX2 transcriptional activity. The expression of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a target gene of STAT5, was increased by c-Cbl silencing in MSC and in bone marrow stromal cells isolated from c-Cbl deficient mice, suggesting that IGF-1 contributes to osteoblast differentiation induced by c-Cbl silencing in MSC. Consistent with these findings, pharmacological inhibition of STAT5 activity, or neutralization of IGF-1 activity, abrogated the positive effect of c-Cbl knockdown on MSC osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, the data provide a novel functional mechanism by which the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl regulates the osteoblastic differentiation program in mesenchymal cells by controlling Cbl-mediated STAT5 degradation and activity.
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21
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Weng JJ, Su Y. Nuclear matrix-targeting of the osteogenic factor Runx2 is essential for its recognition and activation of the alkaline phosphatase gene. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:2839-52. [PMID: 23287548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A good understanding of the mechanism of gene regulation that is involved in bone mineralization is critical for the design of anabolic treatments for bone deficiency diseases. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expressed by osteoblasts plays an important role in promoting bone mineralization by hydrolyzing pyrophosphate. However, the mechanism by which the expression of ALP is regulated during osteoblast differentiation has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Chromatin immunoprecipitation. EMSA and mutagenesis were used to identify the Runx2 binding sites on ALP gene and to analyze the role of nuclear matrix-localization of Runx2 on the recognition and activation of ALP gene. RESULTS Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we determined that both ectopic and endogenous Runx2 bound to ALP intron 1 in a region containing a cluster of five putative core-sites. The third one (11C3) among those fives was bound most strongly in vitro by Runx2 and acted as a Runx2-dependent transcriptional enhancer. Furthermore, a Runx2 mutant lacking the nuclear matrix-targeting sequence (Runx2deltaNMTS) bound to the ALP gene less efficiently than the wild-type protein and a Runx2 mutant that is deficient in its ability to bind to DNA (Runx2K120A) accumulated largely in the nuclear matrix. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear matrix-localization of Runx2 influences its ALP gene recognition. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results showed for the first time that ALP is a direct target gene of Runx2 and illustrated that the recognition/binding and activation of the ALP by this transcription factor are dependent on its nuclear matrix-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jie Weng
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, ROC.
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22
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Kelly KJ, Liu Y, Zhang J, Goswami C, Lin H, Dominguez JH. Comprehensive genomic profiling in diabetic nephropathy reveals the predominance of proinflammatory pathways. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:710-9. [PMID: 23757392 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN), currently available therapies have not prevented the epidemic of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). The morbidity of CKD, and the inexorable increase in the prevalence of end-stage renal disease, demands more effective approaches to prevent and treat progressive CKD. We undertook next-generation sequencing in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy to study in depth the pathogenic alterations involved in DN with progressive CKD. We employed the obese, diabetic ZS rat, a model that develops diabetic nephropathy, characterized by progressive CKD, inflammation, and fibrosis, the hallmarks of human disease. We then used RNA-seq to examine the combined effects of renal cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells acting as a pathophysiological unit. The comprehensive systems biology analysis of progressive CKD revealed multiple interactions of altered genes that were integrated into morbid networks. These pathological gene assemblies lead to renal inflammation and promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in progressive CKD. Moreover, in what is clearly a major therapeutic challenge, multiple and redundant pathways were found to be linked to renal fibrosis, a major cause of kidney loss. We conclude that systems biology applied to progressive CKD in DN can be used to develop novel therapeutic strategies directed to restore critical anomalies in affected gene networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Kelly
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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23
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Kang K, Robinson GW, Hennighausen L. Comprehensive meta-analysis of Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) genomic binding patterns discerns cell-specific cis-regulatory modules. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:4. [PMID: 23324445 PMCID: PMC3564941 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine-activated transcription factors from the STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) family control common and context-specific genetic programs. It is not clear to what extent cell-specific features determine the binding capacity of seven STAT members and to what degree they share genetic targets. Molecular insight into the biology of STATs was gained from a meta-analysis of 29 available ChIP-seq data sets covering genome-wide occupancy of STATs 1, 3, 4, 5A, 5B and 6 in several cell types. RESULTS We determined that the genomic binding capacity of STATs is primarily defined by the cell type and to a lesser extent by individual family members. For example, the overlap of shared binding sites between STATs 3 and 5 in T cells is greater than that between STAT5 in T cells and non-T cells. Even for the top 1,000 highly enriched STAT binding sites, ~15% of STAT5 binding sites in mouse female liver are shared by other STATs in different cell types while in T cells ~90% of STAT5 binding sites are co-occupied by STAT3, STAT4 and STAT6. In addition, we identified 116 cis-regulatory modules (CRM), which are recognized by all STAT members across cell types defining a common JAK-STAT signature. Lastly, in liver STAT5 binding significantly coincides with binding of the cell-specific transcription factors HNF4A, FOXA1 and FOXA2 and is associated with cell-type specific gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genomic binding of STATs is primarily determined by the cell type and further specificity is achieved in part by juxtaposed binding of cell-specific transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunsoo Kang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0822, USA
| | - Gertraud W Robinson
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0822, USA
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0822, USA
- National Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-714, Republic of Korea
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24
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Chuang LSH, Ito K, Ito Y. RUNX family: Regulation and diversification of roles through interacting proteins. Int J Cancer 2012. [PMID: 23180629 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) belong to an ancient family of metazoan genes involved in developmental processes. Through multiple protein-interacting partners, RUNX proteins have been implicated in diverse signaling pathways and cellular processes. The frequent inactivation of RUNX genes in cancer indicates crucial roles for RUNX in tumor suppression. This review discusses the abilities of RUNX proteins, in particular RUNX3, to integrate oncogenic signals or environmental cues and to initiate appropriate tumor suppressive responses.
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25
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Katsantoni E. Protein Complexes and Target Genes Identification by in Vivo Biotinylation: The STAT5 ParadigmA Presentation from the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) New Inroads to Child Health (NICHe) Conference on Stress Response and Child Health in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 18 to 20 May 2012. Sci Signal 2012; 5:pt13. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Katsantoni
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Kramer J, Granier CJ, Davis S, Piso K, Hand J, Rabson AB, Sabaawy HE. PDCD2 controls hematopoietic stem cell differentiation during development. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:58-72. [PMID: 22800338 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 2 (Pdcd2) is a highly conserved protein of undefined function, and is widely expressed in embryonic and adult tissues. The observations that knockout of Pdcd2 in the mouse is embryonic lethal at preimplantation stages, and that in Drosophila, Zfrp8, the ortholog of Pdcd2, is required for normal lymph gland development suggest that Pdcd2 is important for regulating hematopoietic development. Through genetic and functional studies, we investigated pdcd2 function during the zebrafish ontogeny. Knockdown of pdcd2 expression in zebrafish embryos resulted in defects in embryonic hematopoietic development. Loss of pdcd2 function caused increased expression of progenitor markers, and accumulation of erythroid progenitors during primitive hematopoiesis. Additionally, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) failed to appear in the aorta-gonad mesonephros, and were not able to terminally differentiate or reconstitute hematopoiesis. Pdcd2 effects on HSC emergence were cell autonomous and P53-independent, and loss of pdcd2 function was associated with mitotic defects and apoptosis. Restoration of runx1 function(s) and modulation of apoptosis through the inhibition of Jak/Stat signaling rescued the hematopoietic and erythroid defects resulting from pdcd2 knockdown. Our studies suggest that pdcd2 plays a critical role in regulating the transcriptional hierarchy controlling hematopoietic lineage determination. Furthermore, the effects of pdcd2 in regulating mitotic cell death may contribute to its role(s) in directing hematopoietic differentiation during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kramer
- Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Lin FC, Liu YP, Lai CH, Shan YS, Cheng HC, Hsu PI, Lee CH, Lee YC, Wang HY, Wang CH, Cheng JQ, Hsiao M, Lu PJ. RUNX3-mediated transcriptional inhibition of Akt suppresses tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer cells. Oncogene 2012; 31:4302-16. [PMID: 22231444 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zheng J, Fang F, Zeng X, Medler TR, Fiorillo AA, Clevenger CV. Negative cross talk between NFAT1 and Stat5 signaling in breast cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:2054-64. [PMID: 21964595 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that modulate the activity of the signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (Stat5) during the progression of breast cancer remain elusive. Here, we present evidence that the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway negatively regulates the activation of Stat5, and vice versa in breast cancer. NFAT1 interacts with Stat5 in breast cancer cells, and their physical association is mediated by the DNA binding and transactivation domains of Stat5. Ectopically expressed NFAT1 is capable of inhibiting Stat5-dependent functions, including Stat5 transactivation, Stat5-mediated transcription of the downstream target gene expression, and binding of Stat5a to the Stat5 target promoter. By contrast, overexpression of a selective NFAT inhibitor VIVIT reversed NFAT1-mediated suppression of Stat5-dependent gene expression, whereas silencing of NFAT1 through RNA interference enhanced prolactin-induced, Stat5-mediated gene transcription, and breast cancer cell proliferation. A reciprocal inhibitory effect of Stat5 activity on NFAT1 signaling was also observed, implying these two signaling cascades antagonize each other in breast cancer. Importantly, analysis of a matched breast cancer progression tissue microarray revealed a negative correlation between levels of NFAT1 and Stat5 (pY694) during the progression of breast cancer. Taken together, these studies highlight a novel negative cross talk between the NFAT1- and Stat5-signaling cascades that may affect breast tumor formation, growth, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamao Zheng
- Women’s Cancer Research Program, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center & Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Tani-Ichi S, Satake M, Ikuta K. The pre-TCR signal induces transcriptional silencing of the TCRγ locus by reducing the recruitment of STAT5 and Runx to transcriptional enhancers. Int Immunol 2011; 23:553-63. [PMID: 21750145 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxr055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mouse TCRγ locus is positively regulated by the transcription factors STAT5 and Runx. While the locus undergoes frequent rearrangements in T lymphocytes, TCRγ transcription is repressed in αβ T cells. This phenomenon, known as TCRγ silencing, depends on pre-TCR-induced thymocyte proliferation. The molecular basis for TCRγ silencing, however, is largely unknown. Here, we show that pre-TCR signaling reduces transcription and histone acetylation of the TCRγ locus irrespective of V-J rearrangements. We also demonstrate that Runx is recruited to Eγ and HsA enhancer elements of the TCRγ locus, primarily at the CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative stage and that Runx binding to these elements decreases at later stages of thymocyte development. Importantly, anti-CD3 antibody treatment decreased IL-7R expression levels, STAT5 phosphorylation and recruitment of STAT5 and Runx to Eγ and HsA elements in RAG2-deficient thymocytes, suggesting that pre-TCR signaling triggers reduced binding of STAT5 and Runx to the enhancer elements. Furthermore, we observed that misexpression of STAT5 or Runx in the CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive cell line DPK induces TCRγ gene transcription. Finally, we showed that TCRγ transcription is induced in αβ T cells from Runx3 transgenic mice, suggesting that Runx3 counteracts TCRγ silencing in αβ T cells in vivo. Our results suggest that pre-TCR signaling indirectly inactivates TCRγ enhancers by reducing recruitment of STAT5 and Runx and imply that this effect is an important step for TCRγ silencing in αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizue Tani-Ichi
- Laboratory of Biological Protection, Department of Biological Responses, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Japan
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Cerliani JP, Guillardoy T, Giulianelli S, Vaque JP, Gutkind JS, Vanzulli SI, Martins R, Zeitlin E, Lamb CA, Lanari C. Interaction between FGFR-2, STAT5, and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3720-31. [PMID: 21464042 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 (FGFR-2) polymorphisms have been associated with an increase in estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer risk; however, a clear mechanistic association between FGFR-2 and steroid hormone receptors remains elusive. In previous works, we have shown a cross talk between FGF2 and progestins in mouse mammary carcinomas. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these interactions and to validate our findings in a human setting, we have used T47D human breast cancer cells and human cancer tissue samples. We showed that medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and FGF2 induced cell proliferation and activation of ERK, AKT, and STAT5 in T47D and in murine C4-HI cells. Nuclear interaction between PR, FGFR-2, and STAT5 after MPA and FGF2 treatment was also showed by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. This effect was associated with increased transcription of PRE and/or GAS reporter genes, and of PR/STAT5-regulated genes and proteins. Two antiprogestins and the FGFR inhibitor PD173074, specifically blocked the effects induced by FGF2 or MPA respectively. The presence of PR/FGFR-2/STAT5 complexes bound to the PRE probe was corroborated by using NoShift transcription and chromatin immunoprecipitation of the MYC promoter. Additionally, we showed that T47D cells stably transfected with constitutively active FGFR-2 gave rise to invasive carcinomas when transplanted into NOD/SCID mice. Nuclear colocalization between PR and FGFR-2/STAT5 was also observed in human breast cancer tissues. This study represents the first demonstration of a nuclear interaction between FGFR-2 and STAT5, as PR coactivators at the DNA progesterone responsive elements, suggesting that FGFRs are valid therapeutic targets for human breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Cerliani
- Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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He D, Chen T, Yang M, Zhu X, Wang C, Cao X, Cai Z. Small Rab GTPase Rab7b promotes megakaryocytic differentiation by enhancing IL-6 production and STAT3-GATA-1 association. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 89:137-50. [PMID: 20953574 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Induction of the differentiation of human leukemia cells is a useful strategy in treatment of human leukemia. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in leukemia cell differentiation have not been fully elucidated. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine acting on a variety of cell types, and plays important roles in hematopoiesis. GATA binding protein 1 (GATA-1) is an important transcription factor involved in either megakaryocytic or erythrocytic differentiation. Herein we report that Rab7b, a late endosome/lysosome-localized myeloid small GTPase, promotes phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced megakaryocytic differentiation by increasing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent IL-6 production and subsequently enhancing the association of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) with GATA-1. By using PMA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of leukemia cells as a model, we investigated the roles of Rab7b in megakaryocytic differentiation. We find that Rab7b can potentiate PMA-induced upregulation of megakaryocytic markers, production of IL-6, and activation of NF-κB. Inhibitor of NF-κB and neutralizing antibodies for IL-6 or the IL-6 signaling receptor gp130 can block the effects of Rab7b in megakaryocytic differentiation. In Rab7b-silenced cells, PMA-induced activation of NF-κB, IL-6 production, and megakaryocytic differentiation are impaired. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-6-induced activation of STAT3 and the subsequent association of STAT3 with GATA-1 may contribute to PMA-induced and Rab7b-mediated transcriptional upregulation of megakaryocytic differentiation markers. Therefore, our data suggest that Rab7b may play important roles in megakaryopoiesis by activating NF-κB and promoting IL-6 production. Our study also indicates that the IL-6-induced association of STAT3 with GATA-1 may regulate megakaryocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghua He
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Abstract
The Runt domain (Runx) is a 128 amino acid sequence motif that defines a metazoan family of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins, which appears to have originated in concert with the intercellular signaling systems that coordinate multicellular development in animals. In the model organisms where they have been studied (fruit fly, mouse, sea urchin, and nematode) Runx genes are essential for normal development, and in humans they are causally associated with a variety of cancers, manifesting both oncogenic and tumor suppressive attributes. During development Runx proteins support both cell proliferation and differentiation, and function in both transcriptional activation and repression. Runx function is thus context-dependent, with the context provided genetically by cis-regulatory sequence architecture and epigenetically by development. This context dependency makes it difficult to formulate reductionistic generalizations concerning Runx function in normal and carcinogenic development. However, a growing body of literature links Runx function to each of the major intercellular signaling systems in animals, suggesting that the general function of Runx transcription factors may be to potentiate and govern genomic responsiveness to developmental signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Coffman
- Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672, USA.
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