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Kang JH, Dong Z, Shin SH. Benefits of Soybean in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Review of Clinical Evidence. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1552-1562. [PMID: 37674385 PMCID: PMC10774093 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important ingredient of cuisines worldwide. While there is a wealth of evidence that soybean could be a good source of macronutrients and phytochemicals with health-promoting effects, concerns regarding adverse effects have been raised. In this work, we reviewed the current clinical evidence focusing on the benefits and risks of soybean ingredients. In breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer, epidemiological studies showed an inverse association between soybean food intake and cancer risks. Soybean intake was inversely correlated with risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and soy isoflavones ameliorated osteoporosis and hot flashes. Notably, soybean was one of the dietary protein sources that may reduce the risk of breast cancer and T2DM. However, soybean had adverse effects on certain types of drug treatment and caused allergies. In sum, this work provides useful considerations for planning clinical soybean research and selecting dietary protein sources for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P.R. China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio & Medical Bigdata (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yang S, Zeng Q, Huang X, Liang Z, Hu H. Effect of Isoflavones on Blood Lipid Alterations in Postmenopausal Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1633-1643. [PMID: 37758058 PMCID: PMC10721517 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of isoflavones on postmenopausal female's blood lipid profile have yielded conflicting results in previous studies. Further investigation is necessary to determine the potential benefits of isoflavone therapy in managing cardiovascular health in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of isoflavones on blood lipid concentrations in postmenopausal females. A comprehensive search was conducted in major databases for randomized controlled trials published between 2000 and 2023. Eighteen studies were included in the analysis, which examined the impact of isoflavone intake on blood lipids in postmenopausal females. Isoflavone consumption resulted in a significant reduction in triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations (-12.50 mg/dL; 95% CI: -23.09, -1.91) and a modest increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) concentrations (1.83 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.03, 3.64). Subgroup analysis showed that isoflavones significantly decreased TG (-15.79 mg/dL; 95% CI: -28.36, -3.22) and increased HDL cholesterol (2.49 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.80, 3.19) in postmenopausal females under 65 y old. No significant effects were observed in females over 65 y old. Both low (≤80 mg/d) and high (>80 mg/d) doses of isoflavones exhibited TG-lowering effects, whereas only the high dose increased HDL cholesterol. Longer treatment duration (≥24 wk) was associated with a significant reduction in TG, whereas HDL cholesterol improvement occurred during the early period (<24 wk) of supplementation. The consumption of isoflavones resulted in a significant reduction in TG concentrations and an increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations among postmenopausal females under 65 y of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingjia Zeng
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongpu Hu
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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3
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Abdelghani E, Fathi MA, Li Z, Dai P, Li Y, Li C. In ovo injection of soy isoflavones on hatching performance and intestinal development of newly hatched chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1381-1391. [PMID: 37391896 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of soy isoflavones (ISF) on hatchability, body weight, antioxidant status and intestinal development of newly hatched broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty fertile eggs were divided as follows: the control group, 3 mg/egg ISF (low dose) and 6 mg/egg ISF (high dose) on the 18th day of incubation. The results demonstrated that in ovo inclusion of 6 mg of ISF significantly increased hatchability and hatch weight. Both doses of ISF inclusion elevated the serum glutathione peroxidase and slightly decreased malondialdehyde compared to the control group. The high dose of ISF brings higher villus height and a higher villus/crypt ratio in chicks. Moreover, the mRNA levels of tumour necrosis factor- α and interferon-gamma in the spleen were significantly decreased. The ISF treatments showed an improvement in intestinal enzyme expression levels of sucrose isomaltase and mucin 2 as well as tight junction protein (TJ) mRNA expression of claudin-1 at high doses of ISF (p < 0.05) when compared with the other groups. Furthermore, the mRNA level of IGF-1 was increased in the high doses of ISF compared to the control. Overall, these findings indicate that in ovo administration of ISF on the 18th day of incubation enhances hatchability, antioxidant status and intestinal morphometrics in hatched chicks and modulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TJs and insulin-like growth factor. In addition, the sustainability of antioxidants and other positive effects of ISF may increase chick viability and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezaldeen Abdelghani
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed A Fathi
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Poultry Breeding Department, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zhaojian Li
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyuan Dai
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansen Li
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Nosworthy MG, Medina G, Lu ZH, House JD. Plant Proteins: Methods of Quality Assessment and the Human Health Benefits of Pulses. Foods 2023; 12:2816. [PMID: 37569085 PMCID: PMC10417564 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As countries increase their standard of living and individual income levels rise, there is a concomitant increase in the demand for animal-based protein. However, there are alternative sources. One of the alternatives available is that of increased direct human consumption of plant proteins. The quality of a dietary protein is an important consideration when discussing the merits of one protein source over another. The three most commonly used methods to express protein quality are the protein efficiency ratio (PER), a weight gain measurement; protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS); and the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS). The possibility that alterations in the quality and quantity of protein in the diet could generate specific health outcomes is one being actively researched. Plant-based proteins may have additional beneficial properties for human health when compared to animal protein sources, including reductions in risk factors for cardiovascular disease and contributions to increased satiety. In this paper, the methods for the determination of protein quality and the potential beneficial qualities of plant proteins to human health will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Nosworthy
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Gerardo Medina
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada;
| | - Zhan-Hui Lu
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada;
| | - James D. House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, 196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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5
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Agbaka Johnpaul I, Hong K, Gao H, Song Y, Lv C, Ma C. Protein Z-based promising carriers for enhancing solubility and bioaccessibility of Xanthohumol. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Langa S, Landete JM. Strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive phytoestrogens in plasma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2203-2215. [PMID: 34470513 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits to health attributed to the intake of phytoestrogens (PEs) have been demonstrated in previous studies with significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs, such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and urolithins in plasma. However, the achievement of high bioactive PE levels in plasma is restricted to a select population group, mainly due to the low intake of plant PEs and/or the absence, or inhibition, of the microbiota capable of producing these bioactive forms. In this study, the intake of plant PEs, the concentration of bioactive PEs in plasma, the ability of the intestinal microbiota to produce bioactive PEs, as well as the different mechanisms used by GRAS bacteria to increase the level of bioactive PEs were evaluated concluding that the use of GRAS bacteria bioactive PE producers and the development of fermented foods enriched in bioactive PEs in addition to a high intake of plant PEs and taking care of the intestinal microbiota, are some of the different strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs in the intestine and, subsequently, in plasma and targets organs which are essential to improve menopausal symptoms or reduce the risk of some pathologies such as breast and colon cancer, or cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Gholami A, Mollanoroozy E, Reza Baradaran H, Hariri M. The efficacy of soy isoflavones combined with soy protein on serum concentration of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α among post-menopausal women? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:10-24. [PMID: 34455600 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The post-menopausal stage in women's life is associated with the enhancement of inflammation that may be reduced using soy isoflavones or soy protein. The present study aimed to summarize the effect of soy isoflavones plus soy protein on circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in post-menopausal women. The English-language articles were identified from the databases such as Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus until December 2020. The mean change from baseline and its standard deviation (SD) for intervention and comparison groups were used to calculate the effect size. The statistical heterogeneity of the intervention effects was computing by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Nine and seven studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. The results of our meta-analysis indicated a non-significant effect on the serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 0.07 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.03, 0.17 pg/mL; P = 0.190; WMD =0.05 pg/mL; 95% CI = -0.01, 0.12 pg/mL; P = 0.092; respectively). In subgroup analysis, soy isoflavones plus soy protein could increase the serum concentration of IL-6 in studies with soy isoflavones dose ≤87 mg/days, cross-over design, weak quality, and studies on participants who had health risk factors or diseases. The serum concentration of TNF-α increased in studies with cross-over design, intervention duration ≤56 days, and body mass index (BMI) >27, and in studies that were conducted on at-risk or sick participants. In conclusion, our meta-analysis did not confirm any significant effect on serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α among post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Mollanoroozy
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Abstract
Legumes are an essential food source worldwide. Their high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and relatively low-fat content make these an important functional food. Known to possess a multitude of health benefits, legume consumption is associated with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Legume crude protein isolates and purified peptides possess many cardiopreventive properties. Here, we review selected economically valued legumes, their taxonomy and distribution, biochemical composition, and their protein components and the mechanism(s) of action associated with cardiovascular health. Most of the legume protein studies had shown upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor leading to increased binding and uptake, in effect significantly reducing total lipid levels in the blood serum and liver. This is followed by decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. To understand the relationship of identified genes from legume studies, we performed gene network analysis, pathway, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Results showed that the genes were functionally interrelated while enrichment and pathway analysis revealed involvement in lipid transport, fatty acid and triglyceride metabolic processes, and regulatory processes. This review is the first attempt to collate all known mechanisms of action of legume proteins associated with cardiovascular health. This also provides a snapshot of possible targets leading to systems-level approaches to further investigate the cardiometabolic potentials of legumes.
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Ge G, Guo W, Zheng J, Zhao M, Sun W. Effect of interaction between tea polyphenols with soymilk protein on inactivation of soybean trypsin inhibitor. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Platelet Responses in Cardiovascular Disease: Sex-Related Differences in Nutritional and Pharmacological Interventions. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:2342837. [PMID: 32547635 PMCID: PMC7273457 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent one of the biggest causes of death globally, and their prevalence, aetiology, and outcome are related to genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors, among which sex- and age-dependent differences may play a key role. Among CVD risk factors, platelet hyperactivity deserves particular mention, as it is involved in the pathophysiology of main cardiovascular events (including stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular injury) and is closely related to sex/age differences. Several determinants (e.g., hormonal status and traditional cardiovascular risk factors), together with platelet-related factors (e.g., plasma membrane composition, receptor signaling, and platelet-derived microparticles) can elucidate sex-related disparity in platelet functionality and CVD onset and outcome, especially in relation to efficacy of current primary and secondary interventional strategies. Here, we examined the state of the art concerning sex differences in platelet biology and their relationship with specific cardiovascular events and responses to common antiplatelet therapies. Moreover, as healthy nutrition is widely recognized to play a key role in CVD, we also focused our attention on specific dietary components (especially polyunsaturated fatty acids and flavonoids) and patterns (such as Mediterranean diet), which also emerged to impact platelet functions in a sex-dependent manner. These results highlight that full understanding of gender-related differences will be useful for designing personalized strategies, in order to prevent and/or treat platelet-mediated vascular damage.
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Romano D, Maffioli P. Response to an oral fat load and effects on lipid profile, glycemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after soybean extract consumption. Arch Med Sci 2018; 14:760-765. [PMID: 30002692 PMCID: PMC6040112 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.70993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the response in terms of lipid profile, glycemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein after an oral fat load (OFL) with a non-dairy cheese cream containing fermented soybean extract soy, compared to a dairy cheese. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty-four healthy subjects underwent an OFL performed using a mixture containing non-dairy cheese cream, containing 75% fermented soybean extract (Valsoia Lo spalmabile), or a dairy cheese cream. RESULTS During the OFL, total cholesterol and triglycerides at 6 h were lower with non-dairy cheese cream containing fermented soybean compared to dairy cheese cream. The value of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol recorded at 6 h with the active treatment was lower than the one recorded at the same time with the dairy cheese cream. A decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was recorded with the dairy cheese cream, but not with the active treatment; moreover, the HDL-C value recorded with the active treatment was higher than the one observed with the dairy cheese cream. There was an increase of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) at 3, 6, and 9 h compared to 0 h with the dairy cheese cream, but not with the active treatment. The hs-CRP value observed with the active treatment was lower than the one observed with the dairy cheese cream. CONCLUSIONS A non-dairy cheese cream, containing 75% fermented soybean extract, caused a minor increase of lipid profile and of hs-CRP during OFL compared to a dairy cheese cream in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Okuda N, Itai K, Okayama A. Usefulness of a Short Dietary Propensity Questionnaire in Japan. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:430-438. [PMID: 29142179 PMCID: PMC5945556 DOI: 10.5551/jat.42226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: There is a growing need for nutritional education for prevention and non-pharmacological treatment of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We compared the results of a short dietary propensity questionnaire (SDPQ) with those from the food frequency and quantity survey (FF Quantity), which had been previously quantitatively assessed by comparison with the 24-hr dietary recall (24hr-DR), to examine the usefulness of the SDPQ. The SDPQ was designed to assess dietary propensities of 12 food/nutrients relevant to CVD risk factors. Methods: We conducted a dietary survey using the SDPQ on Japanese men and women. After 2–3 weeks, we conducted the FF Quantity survey with the same participants. For each of the 12 food/nutrient categories, the relationships between quintiles of results from the SDPQ and FF Quantity were examined. Results from 79 participants who completed both surveys were used. Results: Spearman's correlation coefficients (r) were significant for all food/nutrient categories. Good correlations were found with alcohol (r = 0.792), starchy foods (r = 0.566), and milk and dairy products (r = 0.687), for which good correlations between the FF Quantity and 24hr-DR had been observed previously. Moderate correlations were found for vegetables (r = 0.386) and high-salt foods (r = 0.505), although the FF Quantity survey poorly correlated with the 24hr-DR. Conclusion: The SDPQ may be useful for assessment of dietary propensities for alcohol, starchy foods, and milk and dairy products in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences
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Put "gender glasses" on the effects of phenolic compounds on cardiovascular function and diseases. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:2677-2691. [PMID: 29696400 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of sex and gender is particularly relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as in several aspects of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Anatomical and physiological differences between the sexes may influence the activity of many drugs, including the possibility of their interaction with other drugs, bioactive compounds, foods and beverages. Phenolic compounds could interact with our organism at organ, cellular, and molecular levels triggering a preventive action against chronic diseases, including CVD. RESULTS This article will review the role of sex on the activity of these bioactive molecules, considering the existence of sex differences in oxidative stress. It describes the pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds, their effects on vessels, on cardiovascular system, and during development, including the role of nuclear receptors and microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a large gap between the knowledge of the sex differences in the phenolic compounds' activity and safety, and the urgent need for more research, available data underlie the possibility that plant-derived phenolic compounds could differently influence the health of male and female subjects.
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Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
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15
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Abstract
This review summarizes the 2016 NAMS/Pfizer-Wulf H. Utian Endowed Lecture that focused on the history and basic science of soy isoflavones. Described is a personal perspective of the background and history that led to the current interest in soy and isoflavones with a specific focus on the role that soy isoflavones play in the health of postmenopausal women. This overview covers the metabolism and physiological behavior of isoflavones, their biological properties that are of potential relevance to aging, issues related to the safety of soy isoflavones, and the role of the important intestinally derived metabolite S-(-)equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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16
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Messina M, Rogero MM, Fisberg M, Waitzberg D. Health impact of childhood and adolescent soy consumption. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:500-515. [PMID: 28838083 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have been intensely researched, primarily because they provide such abundant amounts of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both plant estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Evidence suggests that these soybean constituents are protective against a number of chronic diseases, but they are not without controversy. In fact, because soyfoods contain such large amounts of isoflavones, concerns have arisen that these foods may cause untoward effects in some individuals. There is particular interest in understanding the effects of isoflavones in young people. Relatively few studies involving children have been conducted, and many of those that have are small in size. While the data are limited, evidence suggests that soy does not exert adverse hormonal effects in children or affect pubertal development. On the other hand, there is intriguing evidence indicating that when soy is consumed during childhood and/or adolescence, risk of developing breast cancer is markedly reduced. Relatively few children are allergic to soy protein, and most of those who initially are outgrow their soy allergy by 10 years of age. The totality of the available evidence indicates that soyfoods can be healthful additions to the diets of children, but more research is required to allow definitive conclusions to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Pittsfield, Massachusets, United States
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Nutrition and Feeding Difficulty Center, Pensi Institute, José Luiz Setubal Foundation, Sabará Children's Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dan Waitzberg
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School and Ganep Humana Nutrition, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu ZM, Ho S, Hao YT, Chen YM, Woo J, Wong SYS, He Q, Xie YJ, Tse LA, Chen B, Su XF, Lao XQ, Wong C, Chan R, Ling WH. Randomised controlled trial of effect of whole soy replacement diet on features of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012741. [PMID: 27678545 PMCID: PMC5051416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a public health problem in postmenopausal women. Whole soy foods are rich in unsaturated fats, high quality plant protein and various bioactive phytochemicals that may have a beneficial role in the management of MetS. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of whole soy replacement diet on the features of MetS among postmenopausal women. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This will be a 12-month, randomised, single-blind, parallel controlled trial among 208 postmenopausal women at risk of MetS or with early MetS. After 4 weeks' run-in, subjects will be randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups, whole soy replacement group or control group, each for 12 months. Subjects in the whole soy group will be required to include four servings of whole soy foods (containing 25 g soy protein) into their daily diet iso-calorically, replacing red or processed meat and high fat dairy products. Subjects in the control group will remain on a usual diet. The outcome measures will include metabolic parameters as well as a 10-year risk for ischaemic cardiovascular disease. We hypothesise that the whole soy substitution diet will notably improve features of MetS in postmenopausal women at risk of MetS or with early MetS. The study will have both theoretical and practical significance. If proven effective, the application of the whole soy replacement diet model will be a safe, practical and economical strategy for MetS prevention and treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The results will be disseminated via conference presentations and papers in academic peer reviewed journals. Data files will be deposited in an accessible repository. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02610322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-min Liu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suzanne Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan-tao Hao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Yeung-shan Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Qiqiang He
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Jie Xie
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-fen Su
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiang-qian Lao
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Carmen Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruth Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Lim D, Shaw IC. Is there a link between dietary phytoestrogens and reproductive health in men? A meta-analysis of data from the USA and China. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lim
- Human Toxicology Research Group; Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Ian C. Shaw
- Human Toxicology Research Group; Department of Chemistry; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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Anand SS, Hawkes C, de Souza RJ, Mente A, Dehghan M, Nugent R, Zulyniak MA, Weis T, Bernstein AM, Krauss RM, Kromhout D, Jenkins DJA, Malik V, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Mozaffarian D, Yusuf S, Willett WC, Popkin BM. Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System: A Report From the Workshop Convened by the World Heart Federation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:1590-1614. [PMID: 26429085 PMCID: PMC4597475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major scholars in the field, on the basis of a 3-day consensus, created an in-depth review of current knowledge on the role of diet in cardiovascular disease (CVD), the changing global food system and global dietary patterns, and potential policy solutions. Evidence from different countries and age/race/ethnicity/socioeconomic groups suggesting the health effects studies of foods, macronutrients, and dietary patterns on CVD appear to be far more consistent though regional knowledge gaps is highlighted. Large gaps in knowledge about the association of macronutrients to CVD in low- and middle-income countries particularly linked with dietary patterns are reviewed. Our understanding of foods and macronutrients in relationship to CVD is broadly clear; however, major gaps exist both in dietary pattern research and ways to change diets and food systems. On the basis of the current evidence, the traditional Mediterranean-type diet, including plant foods and emphasis on plant protein sources provides a well-tested healthy dietary pattern to reduce CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corinna Hawkes
- Centre for Food Policy, City University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahshid Dehghan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Nugent
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Tony Weis
- Department of Geography, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam M Bernstein
- Center for Lifestyle Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Publica, Universidad de Navarra-CIBEROBN, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Abstract
Soya proteins and isoflavones have been reported to exert beneficial effects on the serum lipid profile. More recently, this claim is being challenged. The objective of this study was to comprehensively examine the effects of soya consumption on the lipid profile using published trials. A detailed literature search was conducted via MEDLINE (from 2004 through February 2014), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register) and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of soya on the lipid profile. The primary effect measure was the difference in means of the final measurements between the intervention and control groups. In all, thirty-five studies (fifty comparisons) were included in our analyses. Treatment duration ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year. Intake of soya products resulted in a significant reduction in serum LDL-cholesterol concentration, -4.83 (95% CI -7.34, -2.31) mg/dl, TAG, -4.92 (95% CI -7.79, -2.04) mg/dl, and total cholesterol (TC) concentrations, -5.33 (95% CI -8.35, -2.30) mg/dl. There was also a significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol concentration, 1.40 (95% CI 0.58, 2.23) mg/dl. The I² statistic ranged from 92 to 99%, indicating significant heterogeneity. LDL reductions were more marked in hypercholesterolaemic patients, -7.47 (95% CI -11.79, -3.16) mg/dl, than in healthy subjects, -2.96 (95% CI -5.28, -0.65) mg/dl. LDL reduction was stronger when whole soya products (soya milk, soyabeans and nuts) were used as the test regimen, -11.06 (95% CI -15.74, -6.37) mg/dl, as opposed to when 'processed' soya extracts, -3.17 (95% CI -5.75, -0.58) mg/dl, were used. These data are consistent with the beneficial effects of soya proteins on serum LDL, HDL, TAG and TC concentrations. The effect was stronger in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Whole soya foods appeared to be more beneficial than soya supplementation, whereas isoflavone supplementation had no effects on the lipid profile.
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Acharjee S, Zhou JR, Elajami TK, Welty FK. Effect of soy nuts and equol status on blood pressure, lipids and inflammation in postmenopausal women stratified by metabolic syndrome status. Metabolism 2015; 64:236-43. [PMID: 25441251 PMCID: PMC6800063 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Soy has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease in Asian countries which consume daily soy. Our study examined whether production of equol, an estrogen metabolite, affected the ability of soy nuts to improve cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS/METHODS Sixty postmenopausal women participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial of a Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet alone and a TLC diet in which 0.5 cup of soy nuts (25 g of soy protein and 101 mg of aglycone isoflavones) replaced 25 g of nonsoy protein daily. Each diet was followed for 8 weeks at the end of which blood pressure (BP), lipid levels, adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were measured. RESULTS Women with MetS had significantly higher baseline body mass index (BMI), BP, triglycerides (TG), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) than women without MetS. In women with MetS on the soy diet, significant reductions in diastolic BP (7.7%; P=0.02), TG (22.9%; P=0.02), C-reactive protein (CRP) (21.4%; P=0.01) and sICAM (7.3%; P=0.03) were noted among equol producers compared to levels on the TLC diet. No significant changes were noted in equol nonproducers. Similarly, in women without MetS, only equol producers had significant reductions in diastolic BP (3.3%, P=0.02) and CRP (30%, P=0.04). In contrast to women with MetS, TG and sICAM levels were not affected in women without MetS, a finding possibly related to lower baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular risk reduction with soy nuts is not uniform and may be greater among producers of equol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subroto Acharjee
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA
| | - Jin-Rong Zhou
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA
| | - Tarec K Elajami
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA
| | - Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA.
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22
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Liu J, Sun LL, He LP, Ling WH, Liu ZM, Chen YM. Soy food consumption, cardiometabolic alterations and carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:1097-1104. [PMID: 24925121 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The associations between soy food consumption, cardiometabolic disturbances and subclinical atherosclerosis remain controversial due to limited evidence. We examined the associations of habitual soy food consumption with cardiometabolic disturbances and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). METHODS AND RESULTS We included 2939 subjects (2135 women and 804 men) aged 50-75 years in this community-based cross-sectional study. Dietary data and other covariates were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. We determined CIMT in relation to each subject's common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation, blood lipids, glucose and urine acid, blood pressure and waist circumference. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and linear regression was used to estimate the regression coefficient and 95% CIs. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that greater consumption of soy protein (6.1 vs. 0.5 g/d) was inverse associated with the presence of elevated total cholesterol (TC), dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity and hyperuricemia in women, and with abdominal obesity in men, although no significant sex-soy interactions were observed (P: 0.145-0.985). The consumption of soy protein and isoflavones was inversely associated with the number of cardiometabolic disturbances among women, but not men. There were no significant associations of soy protein and isoflavones with CIMT thickening and other cardiometabolic disturbances. CONCLUSION Greater soy consumption was associated with a lower presence of elevated TC, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and less number of cardiometabolic disturbances components in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - L P He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, People's Republic of China
| | - W H Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Z M Liu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y M Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Kuo HY, Chen SH, Yeh AI. Preparation and physicochemical properties of whole-bean soymilk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:742-9. [PMID: 24380443 DOI: 10.1021/jf404465w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole-bean soymilk has been prepared by using media-milling. Some characteristics of media-milled soymilk have been determined and compared with filtered soymilk (similar to commercial ones) and whole-bean soymilk prepared by blending. There existed particles in the nano/submicrometer scale in both media-milled and filtered soymilk. The particles in blended soymilk were greater than 1 μm. Media-milled soymilk was the most stable among three samples, even after autoclaving. Solid recovery (98.44 ± 0.16%), viscosity (160.59 ± 4.26 cps), dietary fiber (22.68 ± 0.97% on dry basis), total polyphenol recovery (95.15 ± 7.09%), and isoflavone content (4.42 ± 0.03 mg/g dry solid) of media-milled samples were greater than those of filtered ones. Aglycones, the most bioactive form of isoflavone, in autoclaved media-milled soymilk were more than 2-fold those in autoclaved filtered soymilk. With almost no okara generated, the media-milled soymilk retained fiber in soybeans which would be beneficial to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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24
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Effect of Soymilk Fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on Lipid Metabolism and Fecal Microbiota in Experimental Hyperlipidemic Rats. FOOD BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-012-9282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Liu ZM, Ho SC, Chen YM, Ho YP. The effects of isoflavones combined with soy protein on lipid profiles, C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk among postmenopausal Chinese women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 22:712-719. [PMID: 21429720 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Observational studies note that regular dietary soy protein intake (6-11 g day(-1)) has a significant association with lower blood lipids; however, these observations have not been confirmed by clinical trials. This study aimed to ascertain the effects of moderate intake of soy protein (15 g) with isoflavones or isoflavones alone on serum lipid profiles, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and uric acid) and composite cardiovascular risk in Chinese postmenopausal, prediabetic women. METHODS AND RESULTS A double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 180 postmenopausal Chinese women with prediabetes or early untreated diabetes, aged 46-70 years and, on average, 6.0 years since menopause. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three arms to receive 15-g soy protein and 100-mg isoflavone (Soy group), or 15-g milk protein and 100 mg isoflavone (Iso group) or 15-g milk protein (placebo group) on a daily basis for 6 months. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triaclyglycerol (TG), high sensitive C-reactive protein and a composite 10-year cardiovascular risk between the three groups at both 3 and 6 months. Serum uric acid marginally increased by 1.22% in the Soy group and decreased by 4.28% and 4.82% in the Iso and placebo groups at 3 months (P = 0.087), but no difference was observed at 6 months (P = 0.264). CONCLUSION Soy protein with isoflavones or isoflavones alone at the provided dosage showed no significantly beneficial effects on measured cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal Chinese women with early hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-M Liu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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26
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Cederroth CR, Zimmermann C, Nef S. Soy, phytoestrogens and their impact on reproductive health. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:192-200. [PMID: 22210487 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the potential health threats posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to the reproductive system. Soybean is the most important dietary source of isoflavones, an important class of phytoestrogen. While consumption of soy food or phytoestrogen supplements has been frequently associated with beneficial health effects, the potentially adverse effects on development, fertility, and the reproductive and endocrine systems are likely underappreciated. Here we review the available epidemiological, clinical and animal data on the effects of soy and phytoestrogens on the development and function of the male and female reproductive system, and weigh the evidence as to their detrimental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Robin Cederroth
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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27
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Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to isolated soy protein and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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28
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Huang MH, Norris J, Han W, Block T, Gold E, Crawford S, Greendale GA. Development of an updated phytoestrogen database for use with the SWAN food frequency questionnaire: intakes and food sources in a community-based, multiethnic cohort study. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:228-44. [PMID: 22211850 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.638434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, heterocyclic phenols found in plants, may benefit several health outcomes. However, epidemiologic studies of the health effects of dietary phytoestrogens have yielded mixed results, in part due to challenges inherent in estimating dietary intakes. The goal of this study was to improve the estimates of dietary phytoestrogen consumption using a modified Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), a 137-item FFQ created for the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) in 1994. To expand the database of sources from which phytonutrient intakes were computed, we conducted a comprehensive PubMed/Medline search covering January 1994 through September 2008. The expanded database included 4 isoflavones, coumestrol, and 4 lignans. The new database estimated isoflavone content of 105 food items (76.6%) vs. 14 (10.2%) in the 1994 version and computed coumestrol content of 52 food items (38.0%), compared to 1 (0.7%) in the original version. Newly added were lignans; values for 104 FFQ food items (75.9%) were calculated. In addition, we report here the phytonutrient intakes for each racial and language group in the SWAN sample and present major food sources from which the phytonutrients came. This enhanced ascertainment of phytoestrogens will permit improved studies of their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Huang
- Division of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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29
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Belski R. Fiber, protein, and lupin-enriched foods: role for improving cardiovascular health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2012; 66:147-215. [PMID: 22909980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394597-6.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death globally (World Health Organisation, 2011). Many of the risk factors for CVD are modifiable, including overweight and obesity. Numerous strategies have been proposed to fight CVD, with a special focus being placed on dietary interventions for weight management. The literature suggests that two nutrients, fiber and protein, may play significant roles in weight control and hence cardiovascular health. Increasing both protein and fiber in the diet can be difficult because popular low-carbohydrate and high-protein diets tend to have considerably low-fiber intakes (Slavin, 2005). One approach to obtain both is to develop functional foods using unique ingredients. Lupin flour is a novel food ingredient derived from the endosperm of lupin. It contains 40-45% protein, 25-30% fiber, and negligible sugar and starch (Petterson and Crosbie, 1990). Research conducted to date reveals that lupin-enriched foods, which are naturally high in protein and fiber, may have a significant effect on CVD risk factors. This review explores whether there is a role for fiber-, protein-, and lupin-enriched foods in improving cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Belski
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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30
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Marsh TG, Straub RK, Villalobos F, Hong MY. Soy protein supports cardiovascular health by downregulating hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity in rats with dextran sodium sulfate-induced mild systemic inflammation. Nutr Res 2011; 31:922-8. [PMID: 22153518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies have indicated that the presence of soy in the diet improves cardiovascular health. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about how dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced systemic inflammation impacts overall heart health and, correspondingly, how soy protein modulates risk of CVD development in DSS-induced systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that soy protein-fed rats would have a lower risk of CVD by beneficial alteration of gene expression involving lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in DSS-induced systemic inflammation. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: casein, casein + DSS, soy protein, and soy protein + DSS. After 26 days, inflammation was induced in one group from each diet by incorporating 3% DSS in drinking water for 48 hours. Soy protein-fed rats had lower final body weights (P = .010), epididymal fat weights (P = .049), total cholesterol (P < .001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < .001). In regard to gene expression, soy protein-fed rats had lower sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (P = .032) and hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (P = .028) levels and higher low-density lipoprotein receptor levels (P = .036). Antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase was higher among the soy protein groups (P = .037 and P = .002, respectively). These results suggest that soy protein positively influences cardiovascular health by regulating serum lipids through modified expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and its downstream genes (ie, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor) and by promoting the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya G Marsh
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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31
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Takahashi Y, Konishi T. Tofu (soybean curd) lowers serum lipid levels and modulates hepatic gene expression involved in lipogenesis primarily through its protein, not isoflavone, component in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8976-8984. [PMID: 21721588 DOI: 10.1021/jf201403u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although soy foods are recommended to prevent hyperlipidemia and related diseases, it is unclear how their active ingredients exert their effects. Here, the effects of tofu (soybean curd) and its putative active components, protein and isoflavone, on lipid metabolism in male rats were compared. Tofu and soy protein significantly lowered serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels compared to casein and, through microarray analyses, were found to exclusively alter transcriptomes involved in fatty acid and/or steroid synthesis in the liver, where most of the serum lipids are synthesized. In contrast, isoflavone supplementation had little effect on serum lipid levels or gene expression and exerted no synergistic effects with soy protein or tofu. The importance of the proteinaceous components was further confirmed by the lower activity of enzymes involved in lipogenesis. From these findings it was concluded that the protein, not isoflavone, fraction of soy reduces lipogenesis in liver through gene expression and that this may result in lower serum lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takahashi
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Zhou Y, Alekel DL, Dixon PM, Messina M, Reddy MB. The effect of soy food intake on mineral status in premenopausal women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20:771-80. [PMID: 21486162 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy foods have been substituted for meat in recent years because of proposed health benefits. Research indicates, however, that soy protein and phytate in soy products inhibit the absorption of divalent cations. METHODS Our study was primarily designed to determine the effect of consuming two to three servings per day of soy foods, providing ∼19 g protein and ∼36 mg isoflavones, on iron and zinc status in premenopausal women during a 10-weeks period. As secondary outcomes, we also tested the effect of soy foods on biochemical markers of bone and thyroid hormones. Nonsmoking women (18-28 years) without chronic disease, anemia, pregnancy, or irregular menstrual cycles were randomly assigned to either the soy food (SF, n=31) or animal food (AF, n=32) group. Blood and urine samples and 3-day dietary records were collected at baseline and postintervention. RESULTS At baseline, iron and zinc status, bone markers, and thyroid hormones were not different between groups. After intervention, no significant changes were observed in hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, serum iron, ferritin, or transferrin receptor (TFR) concentrations. Plasma zinc, but not serum alkaline phosphatase, significantly decreased in both groups (-0.8 μmol/L). The change in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significant between SF (1.5 U/L) and AF (-0.7 U/L) groups. No significant changes were observed in bone resorption, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or free thyroxine after soy food intake. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating ∼19 g soy protein from soy foods for 10 weeks had no significant effect on iron or zinc status, bone resorption or formation, or thyroid hormone status in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Li S, He H, Ding M, He C. The correlation of osteoporosis to clinical features: a study of 4382 female cases of a hospital cohort with musculoskeletal symptoms in southwest China. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:183. [PMID: 20712872 PMCID: PMC2929215 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND By analyzing the clinical features and risk factors in female patients with musculoskeletal symptoms of Southwest China, this report presents the initial analysis of characteristics in this region and compared with international evaluative criteria. METHODS Diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP) was made in female hospital patients age > or = 18 years admitted from January 1998 to December 2008 according to WHO definition. Case data were analyzed by symptoms, age, disease course and risk factors to reveal correlation with diagnosis of OP. Logistic regression was used to identify the risks of osteoporosis. RESULTS A total of 4382 patients were included in the analysis of the baseline characteristics, among which 1455 in the OP group and 2927 in the non-OP group. The morbidity of OP is significantly increased in females' > or = 50 years. Both groups had symptoms related to pain and numbness; no significant difference was found in reported upper and lower back pain, or leg pain between two groups (p > 0.05). Neck, shoulder and arm pain, leg and arm numbness were more common in the non-osteoporosis group (p < 0.05, OR < 1, and upper limit of 95% CI of OR < 1). Hypertension, diabetes, hyperostosis were major risk factors for the patients with OP. The most common lifestyle-related risk factors for osteoporosis were smoking, body mass index, lack of physical activity and menopause. CONCLUSIONS The present study offers the first reference data of the relationship between epidemiologic distribution of osteoporosis and associated factors in adults Chinese women. These findings provide a theoretical basis for its prevention and treatment in developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Province Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hongchen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Province Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mingfu Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Province Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- Province Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Messina M, Messina V. The role of soy in vegetarian diets. Nutrients 2010; 2:855-88. [PMID: 22254060 PMCID: PMC3257705 DOI: 10.3390/nu2080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been prized among vegetarians for both their high protein content and versatility. Soybeans differ markedly in macronutrient content from other legumes, being much higher in fat and protein, and lower in carbohydrate. In recent years however, soyfoods and specific soybean constituents, especially isoflavones, have been the subject of an impressive amount of research. Nearly 2,000 soy-related papers are published annually. This research has focused primarily on the benefits that soyfoods may provide independent of their nutrient content. There is particular interest in the role that soyfoods have in reducing risk of heart disease, osteoporosis and certain forms of cancer. However, the estrogen-like effects of isoflavones observed in animal studies have also raised concerns about potential harmful effects of soyfood consumption. This review addresses questions related to soy and chronic disease risk, provides recommendations for optimal intakes, and discusses potential contraindications. As reviewed, the evidence indicates that, with the exception of those individuals allergic to soy protein, soyfoods can play a beneficial role in the diets of vegetarians. Concerns about adverse effects are not supported by the clinical or epidemiologic literature. Based on the soy intake associated with health benefits in the epidemiologic studies and the benefits noted in clinical trials, optimal adult soy intake would appear to be between two and four servings per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA;
| | - Virginia Messina
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., Port Townsend, WA 98368, USA;
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Bolca S, Verstraete W. Microbial equol production attenuates colonic methanogenesis and sulphidogenesis in vitro. Anaerobe 2010; 16:247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Singh D, Asad M. Effect of soybean administration on the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine and omeprazole in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010; 24:351-5. [PMID: 19682087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Influence of soybean administration on the bioavailability of carbamazepine and omeprazole was studied after single dose administration of soybean (10 g/kg p.o.) or after chronic administration of soybean (50% w/w mixed with normal feed) for 15 days in rats. Carbamazepine was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg and omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Soybean decreased the bioavailability of carbamazepine after both single dose and chronic administration. It produced a significant decrease in C(max), T(max), AUC(0-t) of carbamazepine after single dose administration and increased the plasma clearance and V(d) along with decrease in C(max), T(max), AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity) after chronic administration. On the contrary, soybean administration increased the bioavailability of omeprazole by producing an increase in C(max), AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity) and a decrease in V(d) after single dose administration and a decrease in plasma clearance along with increase in C(max), AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity) after chronic administration. The half-life of omeprazole was also increased after both acute and chronic administration of soybean. It was concluded that soybean decreases the bioavailability of carbamazepine and increases the bioavailability of omeprazole after both single dose and chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmender Singh
- Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, # 5, Sarjapur Road, Koramangala, Bangalore-560034, India
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LEE YULING, YANG JOANHWA, MAU JENGLEUN. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROMMONASCUS-FERMENTED SOYBEANS. J Food Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Akdemir F, Sahin K. Genistein supplementation to the quail: Effects on egg production and egg yolk genistein, daidzein, and lipid peroxidation levels. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2125-31. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Woo Y, Fung W, Easa A, Liong M. Probiotic-fermented soyfoods: Benefits and enhanced bioactivities. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2009.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Luciano FB. The impacts of lean red meat consumption on human health: a review. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19476330902940523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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ZHANG HONGKANG, LI LITE, MITTAL G. EFFECTS OF HIGH PRESSURE PROCESSING ON SOYBEAN BETA-CONGLYCININ. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2010.00607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hsieh HM, Wu WM, Hu ML. Soy isoflavones attenuate oxidative stress and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease in C57BL/6J mice treated with D-galactose. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:625-32. [PMID: 19146912 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
d-galactose (DG)-induced aging in C57BL/6J (B6) mice (3-4 mo) was used to examine the effects of soy isoflavones (SIF). Mice were divided into six groups: corn oil control, DG treatment, DG+melatonin (1 mg/kg BW), and DG+low (0.1 mg/kg), median (0.5 mg/kg) or high (2.5 mg/kg) SIF. DG was administered (s.c., 0.3 mL of 1% solution/mouse) daily for 50 days, during which melatonin and SIF were given (p.o.) 5 d/wk. A 7th group of B6 mice (11 mo) served as natural aging (NA) control, which received neither DG nor other treatments. DG significantly increased: (1) thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum and brain; (2) protein carbonyls in liver, kidney and brain; (3) soluble extracellular receptors for advanced glycation end products in serum; (4) expression of Bax and caspase-3 proteins in splenocytes; (5) protein expression of Abeta, presenilin-1 and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 in brain. SIF significantly attenuated DG-induced changes, with high SIF completely reversing most of these changes. The DG treatment group and the NA group had similar changes in most of the parameters measured. Overall, this DG-mimetic aging study shows that SIF effectively attenuate oxidative damage and improve parameters related to aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Min Hsieh
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Katcher HI, Hill AM, Lanford JLG, Yoo JS, Kris-Etherton PM. Lifestyle approaches and dietary strategies to lower LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2009; 38:45-78. [PMID: 19217512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2008.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses specific dietary factors as well as dietary patterns that affect the major coronary heart disease (CHD) lipid risk factors (ie, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG). Based on a very large evidence base, it is clear that diet and lifestyle practices can markedly affect these major CHD lipid risk factors, and consequently decrease CHD risk substantively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather I Katcher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 119 Chandlee Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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BORODIN EA, MENSHIKOVA IG, DOROVSKIKH VA, FEOKTISTOVA NA, SHTARBERG MA, YAMAMOTO T, TAKAMATSU K, MORI H, YAMAMOTO S. Effects of Two-Month Consumption of 30 g a Day of Soy Protein Isolate or Skimmed Curd Protein on Blood Lipid Concentration in Russian Adults with Hyperlipidemia. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2009; 55:492-7. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.55.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Pan A, Franco OH, Ye J, Demark-Wahnefried W, Ye X, Yu Z, Li H, Lin X. Soy protein intake has sex-specific effects on the risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. J Nutr 2008; 138:2413-21. [PMID: 19022966 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.097519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy protein intake has been postulated to improve lipid profiles, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure. However, data linking soy protein intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited. We evaluated the association between soy protein intake and the risk of MetS and its components among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2811 Chinese men and women aged 50-70 y, who were free of diagnosed cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Dietary data, including soy protein intake, was collected using a 74-item FFQ. MetS was defined using the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans. We used multivariate logistical regression models to quantify these associations. The median level of soy protein intake was 7.82 g/d (7.64 g/d in men and 8.02 g/d in women). Overall, the association of soy protein intake and the risk of MetS differed between men and women (P for interaction = 0.008). In men, the adjusted odds ratio comparing the extreme quartiles was 1.64 (95% CI: 0.95-2.81; P-trend = 0.077), whereas for women, it was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.42-1.03; P-trend = 0.138). Soy protein intake was positively associated with hyperglycemia (P-trend = 0.005) in men, whereas it was inversely associated with elevated blood pressure (P-trend = 0.049). It was not associated with any component in women. In conclusion, habitual soy protein intake may have sex-dependent effects on risk of MetS in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Isanga J, Zhang GN. Soybean Bioactive Components and their Implications to Health—A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/87559120801926351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Isanga
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Ministry of Education , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry , Makerere University , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Guo-Nong Zhang
- a School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University, Key Laboratory of Food Science and Safety, Ministry of Education , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China
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Messina M. Investigating the Optimal Soy Protein and Isoflavone Intakes for Women: A Perspective. WOMENS HEALTH 2008; 4:337-56. [DOI: 10.2217/17455057.4.4.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional soyfoods have been consumed for centuries throughout much of East Asia and, recently, these foods have also become popular in the West. Soyfoods and specific soybean components, such as the protein and isoflavones, have attracted attention for their possible health benefits. Isoflavones are classified as phytoestrogens and have been postulated to be natural alternatives to hormone therapy for menopausal women. To provide guidance on optimal soy intake, this article evaluates Asian soy consumption and both clinical and Asian epidemiologic studies that examined the relationship between soy intake and a variety of health outcomes. On the basis of these data and the standard principles of dietary practice the author suggests that optimal soy protein and isoflavone intakes are 15–20 g/day and 50–90 mg/day, respectively. In addition, an intake of 25 g/day soy protein can be specifically used as the recommendation for cholesterol reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Loma Linda University, Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA and, President, Nutrition Matters, Inc., 439 Calhoun Street, Port Townsend, WA 9836, USA, Tel.: +1 360 379 9544; Fax: +1 360 379 9614
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Abstract
Epidemiological investigations suggest that soy consumption may be associated with a lower incidence of certain chronic diseases. Clinical studies also show that ingestion of soy proteins reduces the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This led to the approval of the food-labeling health claim for soy proteins in the prevention of coronary heart disease by the U.S. FDA in 1999. Similar health petitions for soy proteins have also been approved thereafter in the United Kingdom, Brazil, South Africa, the Philippines, Indonesia, Korea, and Malaysia. However, the purported health benefits are quite variable in different studies. The Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association has assessed 22 randomized trials conducted since 1999 and found that isolated soy protein with isoflavones (ISF) slightly decreased LDL cholesterol but had no effect on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), or blood pressure. The other effects of soy consumption were not evident. Although the contributing factors to these discrepancies are not fully understood, the source of soybeans and processing procedures of the protein or ISF are believed to be important because of their effects on the content and intactness of certain bioactive protein subunits. Some studies have documented potential safety concerns on increased consumption of soy products. Impacts of soy products on thyroid and reproductive functions as well as on certain types of carcinogenesis require further study in this context. Overall, existing data are inconsistent or inadequate in supporting most of the suggested health benefits of consuming soy protein or ISF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu Xiao
- Nutrition Research Division, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2203E Banting Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.
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Zhang B, Chen YM, Huang LL, Zhou XX, Chen CG, Ye YB, Su YX. Greater habitual soyfood consumption is associated with decreased carotid intima-media thickness and better plasma lipids in Chinese middle-aged adults. Atherosclerosis 2008; 198:403-11. [PMID: 18022626 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Many clinical studies have shown high-dose supplemental soy protein has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. We examined the association between habitual soyfood intake and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plasma lipids in a cross-sectional study including 406 (M 134, F 272) middle-aged Chinese adults (40-65 years) without confirmed relevant diseases. We found significantly dose-respondent decreases in bifurcation IMT, total and LDL cholesterol associated with increased usual soyfood intake after adjusting for potential confounders (p for trend, all p<0.05). Covariate-adjusted mean bifurcation IMT, total and LDL cholesterol decreased by 9.4%, 6.2% and 10.4% in women (p=0.020, 0.035, 0.110), 16.0%, 12.3% and 19.6% in men (p=0.036, 0.005, 0.002), and 9.9%, 9.3% and 15.4% in total men and women combined (p=0.010, <0.001, <0.001) when the mean intake of soy protein increased from 0.87 (F) or 0.64 (M) g/day (1st tertile) to 8.35 (F) or 7.48 (M) g/day (3rd tertile), respectively. Significant interaction between sex and soy consumption on bifurcation IMT was observed (p=0.008). In conclusion, higher habitual soyfood consumption is associated with decreased bifurcation IMT, plasma TC and LDL-c in middle-aged Chinese adults. The association is more apparent in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Faulty of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74# Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Chan SG, Ho SC, Kreiger N, Darlington G, Adlaf EM, So KF, Chong PYY. Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary soy isoflavone intake among midlife Chinese women in Hong Kong. J Nutr 2008; 138:567-73. [PMID: 18287368 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.3.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that soy isoflavones may protect against certain chronic diseases. This study aims to assess the reproducibility and validity of a 47-item semiquantitative soy FFQ (SFFQ) designed to measure the usual intake of soy isoflavones among 145 Chinese mid-life women in Hong Kong. Reproducibility of the SFFQ was assessed by the stability of dietary intake obtained at baseline (SFFQ0) and at 13-mo follow-up (SFFQ1). Relative validity was measured by comparing data collected from SFFQ1 with those derived from 23-d, 24-h dietary recalls (DR) collected during the same 1-y validation period. Isoflavone intake was calculated using analytical values from the Chinese University of Hong Kong Soy Isoflavone Database. A total of 3,217 DR were successfully obtained. The median (interquartile range) absolute intake estimated by the SFFQ1 was 0.91 (-2.7 to 6.8) mg aglucon equivalents/d higher than the 6.3 (3.7-10.7) mg aglucon equivalents/d measured by the DR (P < 0.0057; Wilcoxon's Signed Rank test). Bland-Altman analysis further demonstrated the presence of significant proportional bias between methods among Cantonese women with above-median intake (Spearman correlation coefficient; r = 0.44; P = 0.0005). Nonetheless, the intraclass and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively, were 0.84 and 0.72 for non-Cantonese and 0.65 and 0.50 for Cantonese, showing moderate to good levels of reproducibility and validity of the SFFQ (difference between 2 intraclass correlation coefficients, P = 0.09; difference between 2 Pearson r, P = 0.16). The unadjusted and BMI-adjusted correlations were of similar magnitude. The SFFQ is a reasonably valid instrument for assessing dietary soy isoflavone exposure in Hong Kong Chinese mid-life women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sieu G Chan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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