1
|
Flavonoids' Dual Benefits in Gastrointestinal Cancer and Diabetes: A Potential Treatment on the Horizon? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246073. [PMID: 36551558 PMCID: PMC9776408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and gastrointestinal cancers (GI) are global health conditions with a massive burden on patients' lives worldwide. The development of both conditions is influenced by several factors, such as diet, genetics, environment, and infection, which shows a potential link between them. Flavonoids are naturally occurring phenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables. Once ingested, unabsorbed flavonoids reaching the colon undergo enzymatic modification by the gut microbiome to facilitate absorption and produce ring fission products. The metabolized flavonoids exert antidiabetic and anti-GI cancer properties, targeting major impaired pathways such as apoptosis and cellular proliferation in both conditions, suggesting the potentially dual effects of flavonoids on diabetes and GI cancers. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the impact of flavonoids on diabetes and GI cancers in four significant pathways. It also addresses the synergistic effects of selected flavonoids on both conditions. While this is an intriguing approach, more studies are required to better understand the mechanism of how flavonoids can influence the same impaired pathways with different outcomes depending on the disease.
Collapse
|
2
|
Duan Y, Qi Q, Liu Z, Zhang M, Liu H. Soy consumption and serum uric acid levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:975718. [PMID: 36118757 PMCID: PMC9479323 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.975718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soy consumption has health benefits, but the relationship between soy and uric acid remains uncertain. This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the effects of soy intake on plasma uric acid. Methods PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies evaluating the effects of soy, soy products, soy protein, and soy isoflavones on uric acid levels. The primary outcome was serum or plasma uric acid concentration. Study quality was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration and SYRCLE risk-of-bias tools. Results A total of 17 studies were included. Qualitative analysis of three human clinical studies of acute effects revealed that soy consumption increased serum uric acid concentration; however, soy-derived products, including tofu, bean curd cake, and dried bean curd sticks, had no significant effect on serum uric acid. A meta-analysis of five long-term human studies (10 data sets) revealed that soy protein and soy isoflavones had no significant effects on uric acid levels [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.78, 4.55; p = 0.53]. However, most epidemiological data revealed that soy intake is inversely associated with uric acid levels. Meta-analysis of nine animal trials (29 data sets) revealed that soy protein and soy isoflavones significantly reduced serum uric acid concentrations (vs. controls; MD = -38.02; 95% CI: -50.60, -25.44; p < 0.001). Conclusion Soy and its products have different effects on serum uric acid. Soy products like tofu, bean curd cake, and dried bean curd sticks could be high-quality protein sources for individuals with hyperuricemia or gout. It can be beneficial to nutritionists and healthcare decision-makers reconsider their conceptions about the relationship between soy and uric acid levels according to the latest and further scientific study results. Systematic review registration [www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42022331855].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Duan
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Health Management, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heredia D, Green I, Klaasen J, Rahiman F. Importance and Relevance of Phytochemicals Present in Galenia africana. SCIENTIFICA 2022; 2022:5793436. [PMID: 35186343 PMCID: PMC8850083 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5793436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many people in developing countries rely primarily on medicinal plants as their main source of healthcare, particularly for the treatment of skin infections. Despite the widespread use of medicinal plants, there is a lack of literature describing the relevance and risks of exposure of the phytochemicals present. Galenia africana has been used traditionally in the form of pastes, decoctions, and lotions to treat wounds and other skin-related ailments. This is a report on the phytochemical composition of G. africana and a review on the pharmacological importance and relevance of these phytochemicals. The major groups of phytochemicals identified in G. africana extracts were aliphatics, aliphatic triterpenoids, fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic and tocopherol compounds. These have been found to exhibit medicinal properties, thus highlighting the need to assess the safety of G. africana for topical application. The information related to the safety of the various compounds could indicate the potential risks related to accidental intake of the extract upon topical product applications. This report concludes that the quantities of the phytochemicals present in G. africana should not cause undue risk to human health, which provides comfort to pursue future work on using and developing G. africana as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Heredia
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Ivan Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Klaasen
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Farzana Rahiman
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
- Skin Research Lab, Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rizzolo-Brime L, Caro-Garcia EM, Alegre-Miranda CA, Felez-Nobrega M, Zamora-Ros R. Lignan exposure: a worldwide perspective. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1143-1165. [PMID: 34799775 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary lignans are phytoestrogens that are mostly found in plant-based foods, especially whole grains, seeds, nuts, legumes and vegetables. An accurate assessment of lignan exposure is crucial to evaluate their potential health benefits and to establish future recommendations and dietary guidelines. This narrative review aimed to (i) summarize the pros and the cons of the current main assessment methods for lignan exposure─i.e., dietary questionnaires, food composition tables and biomarkers, (ii) describe the individual lignans more consumed from a worldwide perspective, as well as their main food sources, (iii) determine the lignans concentrations in both urine and blood, and explore their heterogeneity among countries, and finally (iv) discuss the main determinants of lignan exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rizzolo-Brime
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elida M Caro-Garcia
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia A Alegre-Miranda
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av Gran Via 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genistein Regulates Lipid Metabolism via Estrogen Receptor β and Its Downstream Signal Akt/mTOR in HepG2 Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114015. [PMID: 34836271 PMCID: PMC8622023 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) has been shown to significantly inhibit hepatic triglyceride accretion triggered by estrogen deficiency. The main purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism induced by GEN. Different doses of GEN or GEN with an ERβ antagonist were treated with HepG2 cells. Results showed that 25 μM GEN significantly diminished triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, GEN downregulated the levels of genes and proteins involved in lipogenesis, such as sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), and upregulated the gene and protein levels of the regulation factors responsible for fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Furthermore, 25 μM GEN reduced the levels of phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Moreover, most of these effects from GEN were reverted by pretreatment with the antagonist of ERβ. In conclusion, GEN improved hepatic lipid metabolism by activating ERβ and further modulation of Akt/mTOR signals. The results provide novel aspects of the regulatory mechanism of ERβ on hepatic lipid metabolism and might help to profoundly understand the functions of food-derived phytoestrogens in preventing and treating hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
|
6
|
Langa S, Landete JM. Strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive phytoestrogens in plasma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2203-2215. [PMID: 34470513 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The benefits to health attributed to the intake of phytoestrogens (PEs) have been demonstrated in previous studies with significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs, such as genistein, equol, enterolignans and urolithins in plasma. However, the achievement of high bioactive PE levels in plasma is restricted to a select population group, mainly due to the low intake of plant PEs and/or the absence, or inhibition, of the microbiota capable of producing these bioactive forms. In this study, the intake of plant PEs, the concentration of bioactive PEs in plasma, the ability of the intestinal microbiota to produce bioactive PEs, as well as the different mechanisms used by GRAS bacteria to increase the level of bioactive PEs were evaluated concluding that the use of GRAS bacteria bioactive PE producers and the development of fermented foods enriched in bioactive PEs in addition to a high intake of plant PEs and taking care of the intestinal microbiota, are some of the different strategies to achieve significant physiological concentrations of bioactive PEs in the intestine and, subsequently, in plasma and targets organs which are essential to improve menopausal symptoms or reduce the risk of some pathologies such as breast and colon cancer, or cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McCann SE, Hullar MA, Tritchler DL, Cortes-Gomez E, Yao S, Davis W, O’Connor T, Erwin D, Thompson LU, Yan L, Lampe JW. Enterolignan Production in a Flaxseed Intervention Study in Postmenopausal US Women of African Ancestry and European Ancestry. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030919. [PMID: 33809130 PMCID: PMC8001909 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignans are phytochemicals studied extensively as dietary factors in chronic disease etiology. Our goal was to examine associations between the gut microbiota and lignan metabolism and whether these associations differ by ethnicity. We conducted a flaxseed (FS) dietary intervention in 252 healthy, postmenopausal women of African ancestry (AA) and European ancestry (EA). Participants consumed ~10 g/d ground flaxseed for 6 weeks and provided overnight urine collections and fecal samples before and after intervention. The gut microbiota was characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in microbial community composition compared by ethnicity and intervention status. We observed a significant difference in the composition of the microbiota measured as beta diversity (p < 0.05) between AA and EA at baseline that was attenuated with FS consumption. Genera that were significantly associated with ENL production (e.g., Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Slackia, Senegalimassilia) were unique to each group. Bacteria (e.g., Fusobacteria, Pyramidobacter and Odoribacter) previously associated with colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease, both diet-related chronic diseases, were unique to either AA or EA and were significantly reduced in the FS intervention. This study suggests that ethnic variation in ENL metabolism may be linked to gut microbiota composition, and its impact on disease risk deserves future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. McCann
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (S.Y.); (W.D.); (D.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-845-8842
| | - Meredith A.J. Hullar
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.J.H.); (J.W.L.)
| | - David L. Tritchler
- Department of Biostatistics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Eduardo Cortes-Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.C.-G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Song Yao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (S.Y.); (W.D.); (D.E.)
| | - Warren Davis
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (S.Y.); (W.D.); (D.E.)
| | - Tracey O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Deborah Erwin
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (S.Y.); (W.D.); (D.E.)
| | - Lilian U. Thompson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.C.-G.); (L.Y.)
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (M.A.J.H.); (J.W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cady N, Peterson SR, Freedman SN, Mangalam AK. Beyond Metabolism: The Complex Interplay Between Dietary Phytoestrogens, Gut Bacteria, and Cells of Nervous and Immune Systems. Front Neurol 2020; 11:150. [PMID: 32231636 PMCID: PMC7083015 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has a large, diverse community of microorganisms which not only coexist with us, but also perform many important physiological functions, including metabolism of dietary compounds that we are unable to process ourselves. Furthermore, these bacterial derived/induced metabolites have the potential to interact and influence not only the local gut environment, but the periphery via interaction with and modulation of cells of the immune and nervous system. This relationship is being further appreciated every day as the gut microbiome is researched as a potential target for immunomodulation. A common feature among inflammatory diseases including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is the presence of gut microbiota dysbiosis when compared to healthy controls. However, the specifics of these microbiota-neuro-immune system interactions remain unclear. Among all factors, diet has emerged as a strongest factor regulating structure and function of gut microbial community. Phytoestrogens are one class of dietary compounds emerging as potentially being of interest in this interaction as numerous studies have identified depletion of phytoestrogen-metabolizing bacteria such as Adlercreutzia, Parabacteroides and Prevotella in RRMS patients. Additionally, phytoestrogens or their metabolites have been reported to show protective effects when compounds are administered in the animal model of MS, Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this review, we will illustrate the link between MS and phytoestrogen metabolizing bacteria, characterize the importance of gut bacteria and their mechanisms of action in the production of phytoestrogen metabolites, and discuss what is known about the interactions of specific compounds with cells immune and nervous system. A better understanding of gut bacteria-mediated phytoestrogen metabolism and mechanisms through which these metabolites facilitate their biological actions will help in development of novel therapeutic options for MS as well as other inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cady
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | - Ashutosh K. Mangalam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Molecular Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heras-González L, Latorre J, Martinez-Bebia M, Espino D, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. The relationship of obesity with lifestyle and dietary exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 136:110983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
11
|
Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E430. [PMID: 31480505 PMCID: PMC6769509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevailing global health metabolic disorder, with an alarming incidence rate and a huge burden on health care providers. DM is characterized by the elevation of blood glucose due either to a defect in insulin synthesis, secretion, binding to receptor, or an increase of insulin resistance. The internal and external factors such as obesity, urbanizations, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of developing DM. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds existing as secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables as well as fungi. Their structure consists of 15 carbon skeletons and two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by three carbon chains. Flavonoids are furtherly classified into 6 subclasses: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Naturally occurring flavonoids possess anti-diabetic effects. As in vitro and animal model's studies demonstrate, they have the ability to prevent diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge addressing the antidiabetic effects of dietary flavonoids and their underlying molecular mechanisms on selected pathways: Glucose transporter, hepatic enzymes, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AMPK, PPAR, and NF-κB. Flavonoids improve the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through the regulation of glucose metabolism, hepatic enzymes activities, and a lipid profile. Most studies illustrate a positive role of specific dietary flavonoids on diabetes, but the mechanisms of action and the side effects need more clarification. Overall, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes treatment using flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O'Keefe SJD. Plant-based foods and the microbiome in the preservation of health and prevention of disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:265-266. [PMID: 31268135 PMCID: PMC6669048 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J D O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,African Microbiome Institute, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa,Address correspondence to SJDO (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hålldin E, Eriksen AK, Brunius C, da Silva AB, Bronze M, Hanhineva K, Aura AM, Landberg R. Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801159. [PMID: 30817848 PMCID: PMC7317467 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are diphenolic plant compounds with potential health modulating properties that are absorbed to the circulation and metabolized to the enterolignans enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL) by gut microbiota. Epidemiological studies have inconsistently shown that a high lignan intake and circulating ENL are associated with reduced risk of breast‐, prostate‐, and colorectal cancer as well as cardiovascular disease and total and cause‐specific mortality. Inconsistencies can be due to interpersonal variation of ENL formation or responses. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate the impact of factors influencing variability in plasma concentrations of the main enterolignan, ENL. The main determinants of plasma ENL concentrations are intake of lignan and lignan‐rich foods, composition and activity of intestinal microflora, antimicrobial use, nutrient intake, BMI, smoking, sex, and age. Composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota appear to be the most critical factor governing interpersonal variability in plasma ENL concentration followed by the use of antibiotics. Future studies with combined data from gut microbiota and metabolomics with food intake and life style data can be used to estimate the relative contribution of the different factors to ENL concentration in quantitative terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hålldin
- Department of Molecular Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Kirstine Eriksen
- Department of Molecular Science, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.,Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Carl Brunius
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreia Bento da Silva
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Bronze
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Murphy KJ, Walker KM, Dyer KA, Bryan J. Estimation of daily intake of flavonoids and major food sources in middle-aged Australian men and women. Nutr Res 2018; 61:64-81. [PMID: 30683440 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid consumption has reported health benefits such as reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors, improving endothelial function, and delaying age-related cognitive decline. However, there are little dietary intake data for Australians, which limit our ability to make dietary recommendations to increase intakes to a level where health benefits are seen. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the intake of flavonoids, flavonoid classes, and flavonoid subclasses of 1183 Australians aged 39 to 65 years using a validated 215-item food frequency questionnaire. Based on limited global flavonoid intake data, flavanols are the major dietary flavonoid and are found predominantly in tea and cocoa. As Australians are large tea drinkers, we anticipated that flavanols would be the major flavonoid in the Australian diet. The flavonoid content of foods was determined using a combination of the United States Department of Agriculture Databases and the Phenol-Explorer Database. One-way analysis of variance was undertaken to examine differences between flavonoid intake between men and women. Total flavonoid intake was 626 ± 579 mg/d. Men and women consumed 566 ± 559 mg and 660 ± 588 mg of total flavonoids per day, respectively. Thearubigin accounted for 58% of the flavonoid intake. Women consumed more total flavonoids, thearubigins (both P < .01), anthocyanidins (P < .0001), flavan-3-ols, flavones, and flavonols (all P < .05) than men, whereas men consumed more flavanones than women (P = .01). There was no difference between sexes for the consumption of isoflavones. The data indicated that flavan-3-ols, predominantly thearubigin from tea, were the main flavonoid consumed by Australians. This information contributes to population flavonoid intakes, which should be considered when exploring flavonoid and health relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Katie M Walker
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australian, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Dyer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Janet Bryan
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australian, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rizzo G, Baroni L. Soy, Soy Foods and Their Role in Vegetarian Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E43. [PMID: 29304010 PMCID: PMC5793271 DOI: 10.3390/nu10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soy is a basic food ingredient of traditional Asian cuisine used for thousands of years. In Western countries, soybeans have been introduced about a hundred years ago and recently they are mainly used for surrogate foods production. Soy and soy foods are common nutritional solutions for vegetarians, due to their high protein content and versatility in the production of meat analogues and milk substitutes. However, there are some doubts about the potential effects on health, such as the effectiveness on cardiovascular risk reduction or, conversely, on the possible disruption of thyroid function and sexual hormones. The soy components that have stimulated the most research interest are isoflavones, which are polyphenols with estrogenic properties highly contained in soybeans. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of soy and soy foods, focusing on their nutrient content, including phytoestrogens and other bioactive substances that are noteworthy for vegetarians, the largest soy consumers in the Western countries. The safety of use will also be discussed, given the growing trend in adoption of vegetarian styles and the new soy-based foods availability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Primary Care Unit, Northern District, Local Health Unit 2, 31100 Treviso, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
This review summarizes the 2016 NAMS/Pfizer-Wulf H. Utian Endowed Lecture that focused on the history and basic science of soy isoflavones. Described is a personal perspective of the background and history that led to the current interest in soy and isoflavones with a specific focus on the role that soy isoflavones play in the health of postmenopausal women. This overview covers the metabolism and physiological behavior of isoflavones, their biological properties that are of potential relevance to aging, issues related to the safety of soy isoflavones, and the role of the important intestinally derived metabolite S-(-)equol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Simintiras CA, Sturmey RG. Genistein crosses the bioartificial oviduct and alters secretion composition. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
18
|
Messina M. Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature. Nutrients 2016; 8:E754. [PMID: 27886135 PMCID: PMC5188409 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Nutrition Matters, Inc., 26 Spadina Parkway, Pittsfield, MA 01201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frankenfeld CL. Cardiometabolic risk and gut microbial phytoestrogen metabolite phenotypes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Frankenfeld
- Department of Global and Community Health; George Mason University; Fairfax VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roles of Dietary Phytoestrogens on the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diverse Cancer Metastasis. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060162. [PMID: 27231938 PMCID: PMC4926129 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in tumor progression. The cells undergoing EMT upregulate the expression of cell motility-related proteins and show enhanced migration and invasion. The hallmarks of EMT in cancer cells include changed cell morphology and increased metastatic capabilities in cell migration and invasion. Therefore, prevention of EMT is an important tool for the inhibition of tumor metastasis. A novel preventive therapy is needed, such as treatment of natural dietary substances that are nontoxic to normal human cells, but effective in inhibiting cancer cells. Phytoestrogens, such as genistein, resveratrol, kaempferol and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), can be raised as possible candidates. They are plant-derived dietary estrogens, which are found in tea, vegetables and fruits, and are known to have various biological efficacies, including chemopreventive activity against cancers. Specifically, these phytoestrogens may induce not only anti-proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, but also anti-metastasis by inhibiting the EMT process in various cancer cells. There have been several signaling pathways found to be associated with the induction of the EMT process in cancer cells. Phytoestrogens were demonstrated to have chemopreventive effects on cancer metastasis by inhibiting EMT-associated pathways, such as Notch-1 and TGF-beta signaling. As a result, phytoestrogens can inhibit or reverse the EMT process by upregulating the expression of epithelial phenotypes, including E-cadherin, and downregulating the expression of mesenchymal phenotypes, including N-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and vimentin. In this review, we focused on the important roles of phytoestrogens in inhibiting EMT in many types of cancer and suggested phytoestrogens as prominent alternative compounds to chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
21
|
Luo D, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Yang L, Liu Y, Xu Q, Xu H, Kuang H, Huang Q, He M, Peng W. Association between dietary phytoestrogen intake and bone mineral density varied with estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms in southern Chinese postmenopausal women. Food Funct 2016; 6:1977-83. [PMID: 26001094 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION several studies have investigated the relationship between the estrogen receptor (ER) gene polymorphisms and the efficacy of estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the association of ER polymorphisms with the effects of dietary phytoestrogens on bone metabolism has not yet been reported. This study explores the possibility that ER alpha subtype (ERα) gene polymorphisms are involved in the effects of dietary phytoestrogens on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS a total of 301 postmenopausal southern Chinese women were enrolled. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. ERα polymorphisms were examined with restriction fragment length polymorphism at the polymorphic PvuII and XbaI sites within intron 1. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were performed to determine the BMD of the lumbar spine and hip. RESULTS the positive association of the lumbar spine BMD with dietary phytoestrogen intake was maintained only in groups with pp or xx genotypes (p < 0.05) and disappeared in groups with other genotypes. A positive association of the hip BMD with dietary phytoestrogen intake was observed only in the xx genotype group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS the association of the dietary phytoestrogen intake and BMD in southern Chinese postmenopausal women varied with ERα gene polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Medical School, Nanchang University, Bayi Road 461, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Uusitalo L, Salmenhaara M, Isoniemi M, Garcia-Alvarez A, Serra-Majem L, Ribas-Barba L, Finglas P, Plumb J, Tuominen P, Savela K. Intake of selected bioactive compounds from plant food supplements containing fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) among Finnish consumers. Food Chem 2016; 194:619-25. [PMID: 26471600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the intake of selected bioactive compounds from fennel-containing plant food supplements (PFS) among Finnish consumers. The estimated average intake of estragole was 0.20mg/d, of trans-anethole 1.15mg/d, of rosmarinic acid 0.09mg/d, of p-coumaric acid 0.0068mg/d, of kaempferol 0.0034mg/d, of luteolin 0.0525μg/d, of quercetin 0.0246mg/d, of matairesinol 0.0066μg/d and of lignans 0.0412μg/d. The intakes of kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, matairesinol and lignans from PFS were low in comparison with their dietary supply. The intake of estragole was usually moderate, but a heavy consumption of PFS may lead to a high intake of estragole. The intake of trans-anethole did not exceed the acceptable daily intake, but PFS should be taken into account when assessing the total exposure. To our knowledge, this study provided the first intake estimates of trans-anethole, p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Uusitalo
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maija Salmenhaara
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Isoniemi
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alicia Garcia-Alvarez
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Obn of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ribas-Barba
- Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Obn of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Finglas
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Plumb
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Pirkko Tuominen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsti Savela
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Risk Assessment Research Unit, Mustialankatu 3, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
24
|
Palma-Duran SA, Caire-Juvera G, Robles-Burgeño MDR, Ortega-Vélez MI, Gutiérrez-Coronado MDL, Bermúdez Almada MDC, Chávez-Suárez K, Campa-Siqueiros M, Grajeda-Cota P, Saucedo-Tamayo MDS, Valenzuela-Quintanar AI. Serum levels of phytoestrogens as biomarkers of intake in Mexican women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:819-25. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1092019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
25
|
Vin K, Papadopoulos A, Cubadda F, Aureli F, Oktay Basegmez HI, D'Amato M, De Coster S, D'Evoli L, López Esteban MT, Jurkovic M, Lucarini M, Ozer H, Fernández San Juan PM, Sioen I, Sokolic D, Turrini A, Sirot V. TDS exposure project: relevance of the total diet study approach for different groups of substances. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 73:21-34. [PMID: 25106751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A method to validate the relevance of the Total Diet Study (TDS) approach for different types of substances is described. As a first step, a list of >2800 chemicals classified into eight main groups of relevance for food safety (natural components, environmental contaminants, substances intentionally added to foods, residues, naturally occurring contaminants, process contaminants, contaminants from packaging and food contact materials, other substances) has been established. The appropriateness of the TDS approach for the different substance groups has then been considered with regard to the three essential principles of a TDS: representativeness of the whole diet, pooling of foods and food analyzed as consumed. Four criteria were considered for that purpose (i) the substance has to be present in a significant part of the diet or predominantly present in specific food groups, (ii) a robust analytical method has to be available to determine it in potential contributors to the dietary exposure of the population, and (iii) the dilution impact of pooling and (iv) the impact of everyday food preparation methods on the concentration of the substance are assessed. For most of the substances the TDS approach appeared to be relevant and any precautions to be taken are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vin
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulos
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Aureli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marilena D'Amato
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Health Institute, Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sam De Coster
- Universiteit Gent - Ghent University, Department of Public Health, UZ 2 Block A, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Martina Jurkovic
- Hrvatska agencija za hranu - Croatian Food Agency, Ivana Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Hayrettin Ozer
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, P.O. Box 21, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | | | - Isabelle Sioen
- Universiteit Gent - Ghent University, Department of Public Health, UZ 2 Block A, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Darja Sokolic
- Hrvatska agencija za hranu - Croatian Food Agency, Ivana Gundulića 36b, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | | | - Véronique Sirot
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, ANSES (Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail), 27 avenue du Général Leclerc, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu XJ, Song WR, Gao LY, Nie SP, Eisenbrand G, Xie MY. Assessment of dietary phytoestrogen intake via plant-derived foods in China. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1325-35. [PMID: 24950423 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.930562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The potential influence of dietary phytoestrogen exposure on human health during different life phases including early childhood is a matter of scientific debate. In order to improve the risk-benefit assessment of exposure to dietary phytoestrogen, reliable and age-stratified exposure data are desirable. For contributing to the database on phytoestrogen exposure, in the present study plant-derived foods from the Chinese market were analysed by LC-MS/MS for their contents of phytoestrogens, including daidzein, genistein, secoisolariciresinol, glycitein and coumestrol. The analytical data showed the presence of phytoestrogens in a concentration range of less than 0.1 to about 50 μg g(-1). Dietary intake was assessed on the basis of average food intake data obtained from interviewing 1000 randomly selected people with the help of food frequency questionnaires. Based on the overall population sampled, the average total phytoestrogen intake was estimated at 232 μg kg(-1) day(-1). Genistein contributed to about 66%, secoisolariciresinol and glycitein to about 10% each, and daidzein to about 7% of the overall intake. Coumestrol was present only in trace amounts. Age-related exposure assessment indicated that pre-pubertal children (aged 0-14 years) were exposed at the highest level with an average total phytoestrogen intake of 621 μg kg(-1) day(-1). The substantially higher average exposure of children as compared with adults should trigger further research into the potential health effects of early life exposure to phytoestrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Juan Hu
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology , Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giusti MM, Polit MF, Ayvaz H, Tay D, Manrique I. Characterization and quantitation of anthocyanins and other phenolics in native Andean potatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4408-4416. [PMID: 24745827 DOI: 10.1021/jf500655n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Andean potatoes are gaining popularity not only for their appealing colors and culinary uses but also for their potential higher content of polyphenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to identify potato varieties with increased phenolic content. This was achieved through characterization and quantitation of the phenolic composition in 20 varieties of native Andean potatoes from 4 different Solanum species with different colors. Major quantitative and qualitative differences among evaluated samples were more dependent on the coloration of the extracted sample rather than on the species. The most predominant anthocyanidins were petunidin-3-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside in purple and red potato extracts, respectively, while chlorogenic acid and its isomers were the main phenolic compund (43% of the total phenolic content). Our study suggested that the appropriate selection of native potatoes could provide new sources of polyphenolics with health promoting properties and natural pigments with increased stability for food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Monica Giusti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University , 110 Parker Food Science and Technology Building, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoon K, Kwack SJ, Kim HS, Lee BM. Estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals: molecular mechanisms of actions on putative human diseases. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2014; 17:127-74. [PMID: 24749480 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2014.882194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), including phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are associated with a variety of adverse health effects in organisms or progeny by altering the endocrine system. Environmental estrogens, including BPA, phthalates, and phytoestrogens, are the most extensively studied and are considered to mimic the actions of endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2). Diverse modes of action of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) have been described, but the mode of action of estrogenic EDC is postulated to be more complex and needs to be more clearly elucidated. This review examines the adverse effects of estrogenic EDC on male or female reproductive systems and molecular mechanisms underlying EDC effects that modulate ER-mediated signaling. Mechanisms of action for estrogenic EDC may involve both ER-dependent and ER-independent pathways. Recent findings from systems toxicology of examining estrogenic EDC are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsil Yoon
- a Lung Cancer Branch , Research Institute, National Cancer Center , Goyang , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Parry B. Nutrition and Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118788707.ch17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Knowing the dietary flavonoid intake of individuals and populations is the first step to clearly understand their health effects. Dietary flavonoid intake studies have been hampered by the lack of flavonoid food composition data. The objectives of this study were to estimate intakes of individual, classes and total flavonoids in the US adults; to evaluate the effects of socio-demographic factors on the flavonoid consumption patterns; and to establish major dietary sources of flavonoids. We calculated flavonoid intakes using the most updated USDA flavonoid and isoflavone databases, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III 24-h dietary recall (DR). Estimated mean total flavonoid intake by US adults was 344.83 ± 9.13 mg/day. The flavan-3-ols (191.99 ± 6.84 mg/day) were the most abundant flavonoid class. The three most dominant individual flavonoids were catechin, epicatechin and polymers. Tea, wine, beer, citrus fruits and apples were the most important sources of total flavonoid intakes in the US adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Education and Human Sciences, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD , USA and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tetens I, Turrini A, Tapanainen H, Christensen T, Lampe JW, Fagt S, Håkansson N, Lundquist A, Hallund J, Valsta LM. Dietary intake and main sources of plant lignans in five European countries. Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:19805. [PMID: 23766759 PMCID: PMC3681209 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.19805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intakes of plant lignans have been hypothesized to be inversely associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and cancer. Earlier studies were based on a Finnish lignan database (Fineli®) with two lignan precursors, secoisolariciresinol (SECO) and matairesinol (MAT). More recently, a Dutch database, including SECO and MAT and the newly recognized lignan precursors lariciresinol (LARI) and pinoresinol (PINO), was compiled. The objective was to re-estimate and re-evaluate plant lignan intakes and to identify the main sources of plant lignans in five European countries using the Finnish and Dutch lignan databases, respectively. Methods Forty-two food groups known to contribute to the total lignan intake were selected and attributed a value for SECO and MAT from the Finnish lignan database (Fineli®) or for SECO, MAT, LARI, and PINO from the Dutch database. Total intake of lignans was estimated from food consumption data for adult men and women (19–79 years) from Denmark, Finland, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the contribution of aggregated food groups calculated using the Dutch lignin database. Results Mean dietary lignan intakes estimated using the Dutch database ranged from 1 to 2 mg/day, which was approximately four-fold higher than the intakes estimated from the Fineli® database. When LARI and PINO were included in the estimation of the total lignan intakes, cereals, grain products, vegetables, fruit and berries were the most important dietary sources of lignans. Conclusion Total lignin intake was approximately four-fold higher in the Dutch lignin database, which includes the lignin precursors LARI and PINO, compared to estimates based on the Finnish database based only on SECO and MAT. The main sources of lignans according to the Dutch database in the five countries studied were cereals and grain products, vegetables, fruit, berries, and beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Tetens
- Division of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, DK, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fernandez AR, Omar SZ, Husain R. Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate the intake of genistein in Malaysia. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:794-800. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.798269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
33
|
González S, Fernández M, Cuervo A, Lasheras C. Dietary intake of polyphenols and major food sources in an institutionalised elderly population. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:176-83. [PMID: 23521491 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols are bioactive compounds widely found in fruit, vegetables and beverages of plant origin. Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between polyphenol intake and health; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and other bioactivities may contribute to these beneficially protective effects. To date, most epidemiological studies describing polyphenol intake have been limited by the information available in nutrient databases. The present study aimed to determine the total and individual polyphenol intake among institutionalised elderly people living in Asturias (North of Spain) and to identify the major dietary sources of polyphenol classes and subclasses. METHODS The study sample comprised 304 subjects with a mean age of 73.2 years for men and 76.8 years for women. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a food frequency questionnaire. Phenol content was estimated from the Phenol-Explorer database, as developed at the French National Institute for Agricultural Research. The contribution of each food to the total and subgroup intake of polyphenols was calculated as a percentage. RESULTS Except for flavonones, total polyphenol intake, groups and subgroups, was higher in men than women. The main polyphenol groups contributing to total polyphenol intake were flavonoids (62%) and phenolic acids (35.5%). We identified red wine, coffee, apples, oranges and green beans as the major food sources providing total polyphenol intake. Flavonoid and lignan intake was lower for those aged >80 years. Smoking habit, red wine consumption, physical activity and a Mediterranean diet score were associated with a greater polyphenol intake. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides information on polyphenol intake in an elderly Mediterranean population with a level of detail that has not been achieved previously. The identification of age and lifestyle factors associated with the intake of polyphenols may be useful in future studies regarding polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S González
- Departamento de Biologia Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hernandez-Elizondo J, Monteagudo C, Murcia MA, Olea N, Olea-Serrano F, Mariscal-Arcas M. Assessment of the estrogenicity of the diet of a healthy female Spanish population based on its isoflavone content. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:627-33. [PMID: 23506255 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.775604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are natural components of plants consumed by humans. The hormonal activity of these substances has long been known. Various in vitro tests have demonstrated the agonistic or antagonistic estrogenic activity of some phytoestrogens. The objective of this study was to estimate the supply of isoflavones in the diet of a healthy adult female population and to assess its estrogenic effect. The diet was assessed by questionnaire and the estrogenicity of the estimated isoflavone content was tested by E-screen, finding a mean total estrogenic capacity of 0.129 × 10⁻¹⁰ eq.E₂ (12.9 pmol day⁻¹), corresponding to a daily isoflavone intake of 265.8 μg day⁻¹. This study offers a preliminary insight into the phytoestrogen content of the diet of a healthy active population of Spanish women. The effects of this additional hormonal burden are highly controversial, and this approach to estimating dietary phytoestrogen intake of specific populations may help to elucidate its implications for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Hernandez-Elizondo
- Research Group on Nutrition, Diet and Risk Assessment-AGR255, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meija L, Söderholm P, Samaletdin A, Ignace G, Siksna I, Joffe R, Lejnieks A, Lietuvietis V, Krams I, Adlercreutz H. Dietary intake and major sources of plant lignans in Latvian men and women. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:535-43. [PMID: 23373826 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.765835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Higher intake of lignans, diphenolic plant compounds, may reduce the risk of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. We assessed the dietary intake of four lignans: matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, lariciresinol and pinoresinol. Furthermore, for the breads we supplemented the data with two more lignans: syringaresinol and medioresinol. Study subjects were 172 men and 97 women aged 40-75 years, residing in Riga, the capital of Latvia, all living at home, eating habitual food. Median total lignan intake was 2259 (range 1169-5759) μg/day. Secoisolariciresinol contributed 58% and syringaresinol 22% of lignan intake. Bread was the major food source of lignans in men (86%), whereas in women it was bread (57%) and flaxseed (35%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Meija
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Riga Stradins University and Department of Food and Nutrition, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Development of a food compositional database for the estimation of dietary intake of phyto-oestrogens in a group of postmenopausal women previously treated for breast cancer and validation with urinary excretion. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:2261-8. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature contains evidence suggesting that women who have been treated for breast cancer may, as a result of their diagnosis, increase their phyto-oestrogen (PE) intake. In the present paper, we describe the creation of a dietary analysis database (based on Dietplan6) for the determination of dietary intakes of specific PE (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A, coumestrol, matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol), in a group of women previously diagnosed and treated for postmenopausal breast cancer. The design of the database, data evaluation criteria, literature data entry for 551 foods and primary analysis by LC–MS/MS of an additional thirty-four foods for which there were no published data are described. The dietary intake of 316 women previously treated for postmenopausal breast cancer informed the identification of potential food and beverage sources of PE and the bespoke dietary analysis database was created to, ultimately, quantify their PE intake. In order that PE exposure could be comprehensively described, fifty-four of the 316 subjects completed a 24 h urine collection, and their urinary excretion results allowed for the description of exposure to include those identified as ‘equol producers’.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ishizaka Y, Yamakado M, Toda A, Tani M, Ishizaka N. Relationship between coffee consumption, oxidant status, and antioxidant potential in the Japanese general population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:1951-9. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
38
|
Chun OK, Lee SG, Wang Y, Vance T, Song WO. Estimated flavonoid intake of the elderly in the United States and around the world. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 31:190-205. [PMID: 22888838 DOI: 10.1080/21551197.2012.702530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aging population has been growing fast in the United States and worldwide. The morbidity of age-related chronic degenerative diseases has also been increasing in parallel. Numerous studies have reported that consumption of flavonoid-rich fruits and vegetables is inversely associated with such chronic diseases as Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. In establishing flavonoids as one of the contributors to the protective effects, the very first step is to estimate flavonoid intake from various dietary sources. Estimation of flavonoid intake from dietary sources has been feasible since 2003 when the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) released the database for the flavonoid content of selected foods. Since then, several articles have been published in which flavonoid intake in various subpopulation groups was estimated from relatively large, current databases of flavonoid concentration data. However, information is still limited on the intake by seniors in the United States and worldwide. This review summarizes the most current estimates of flavonoid intake by seniors in the United States and elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Estimated intake of dietary phyto-oestrogens in Australian women and evaluation of correlates of phyto-oestrogen intake. J Nutr Sci 2012; 1:e11. [PMID: 25191540 PMCID: PMC4153304 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary phyto-oestrogens in health has been of continued interest and debate,
but data available on the distribution of intake in the Australian diet are scarce.
Therefore, we aimed to estimate phyto-oestrogen consumption in Australian women, describe
the pattern of intake and identify correlates of high phyto-oestrogen intake. Study
participants were 2078 control women (18–79 years) from two population-based case–control
studies on gynaecological cancers (2002–2007). Dietary information was obtained using a
135-item FFQ, and the intakes of isoflavones, lignans, enterolignans and coumestans,
including their individual components, were estimated using a database of phyto-oestrogen
content in food developed in the UK. Median total intake (energy-adjusted) of
phyto-oestrogens was 1·29 mg/d, including 611 µg/d isoflavones, 639 µg/d lignans, 21 µg/d
enterolignans and 8 µg/d coumestrol. Both isoflavone and lignan intakes were strongly
skewed towards higher values and positively correlated with age. Women consumed on average
two servings of soyabean foods/week. Compared to lower phyto-oestrogen consumers
(≤1·29 mg/d, median split), higher phyto-oestrogen consumers (>1·29 mg/d) were
slightly older, less likely to be smokers, had a higher educational and physical activity
level, lower BMI, lower intake of dietary fat, and higher intake of fibre, selected
micronutrients and soyabean foods (all P < 0·03). The daily intake
of phyto-oestrogens in Australian women with predominantly Caucasian ethnicity is
approximately 1 mg; this is similar to other Western populations, but considerably lower
than that among Asian women. However, those with a relatively high phyto-oestrogen diet
seem to have a healthier lifestyle and a more favourable dietary profile compared to
others.
Collapse
|
40
|
Peterson JJ, Dwyer JT, Jacques PF, McCullough ML. Associations between flavonoids and cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality in European and US populations. Nutr Rev 2012; 70:491-508. [PMID: 22946850 PMCID: PMC4130174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty publications from twelve prospective cohorts have evaluated associations between flavonoid intakes and incidence or mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults in Europe and the United States. The most common outcome was coronary heart disease mortality, and four of eight cohort studies reported significant inverse associations for at least one flavonoid class (multivariate adjusted p(trend) < 0.05). Three of seven cohorts reported that greater flavonoid intake was associated with lower risk of incident stroke. Comparisons among the studies were difficult because of variability in the flavonoid classes included, demographic characteristics of the populations, outcomes assessed, and length of follow-up. The most commonly examined flavonoid classes were flavonols and flavones combined (11 studies). Only one study examined all seven flavonoid classes. The flavonol and flavone classes were most strongly associated with lower coronary heart disease mortality. Evidence for protection from other flavonoid classes and CVD outcomes was more limited. The hypothesis that flavonoid intakes are associated with lower CVD incidence and mortality requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Peterson
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zamora-Ros R, Knaze V, Luján-Barroso L, Kuhnle GGC, Mulligan AA, Touillaud M, Slimani N, Romieu I, Powell N, Tumino R, Peeters PHM, de Magistris MS, Ricceri F, Sonestedt E, Drake I, Hjartåker A, Skie G, Mouw T, Wark PA, Romaguera D, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros M, Molina E, Sieri S, Quirós JR, Huerta JM, Tjønneland A, Halkjær J, Masala G, Teucher B, Kaas R, Travis RC, Dilis V, Benetou V, Trichopoulou A, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Boeing H, Förster J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G, Perquier F, Johansson G, Johansson I, Cassidy A, Overvad K, González CA. Dietary intakes and food sources of phytoestrogens in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 24-hour dietary recall cohort. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:932-41. [PMID: 22510793 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Phytoestrogens are estradiol-like natural compounds found in plants that have been associated with protective effects against chronic diseases, including some cancers, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the dietary intake of phytoestrogens, identify their food sources and their association with lifestyle factors in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. SUBJECTS/METHODS Single 24-hour dietary recalls were collected from 36,037 individuals from 10 European countries, aged 35-74 years using a standardized computerized interview programe (EPIC-Soft). An ad hoc food composition database on phytoestrogens (isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, enterolignans and equol) was compiled using data from available databases, in order to obtain and describe phytoestrogen intakes and their food sources across 27 redefined EPIC centres. RESULTS Mean total phytoestrogen intake was the highest in the UK health-conscious group (24.9 mg/day in men and 21.1 mg/day in women) whereas lowest in Greece (1.3 mg/day) in men and Spain-Granada (1.0 mg/day) in women. Northern European countries had higher intakes than southern countries. The main phytoestrogen contributors were isoflavones in both UK centres and lignans in the other EPIC cohorts. Age, body mass index, educational level, smoking status and physical activity were related to increased intakes of lignans, enterolignans and equol, but not to total phytoestrogen, isoflavone or coumestan intakes. In the UK cohorts, the major food sources of phytoestrogens were soy products. In the other EPIC cohorts the dietary sources were more distributed, among fruits, vegetables, soy products, cereal products, non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSIONS There was a high variability in the dietary intake of total and phytoestrogen subclasses and their food sources across European regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Effects of red ginseng supplementation on menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Menopause 2012; 19:461-6. [PMID: 22027944 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182325e4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Bobe G, Murphy G, Albert PS, Sansbury LB, Lanza E, Schatzkin A, Cross AJ. Dietary lignan and proanthocyanidin consumption and colorectal adenoma recurrence in the Polyp Prevention Trial. Int J Cancer 2012; 130:1649-59. [PMID: 21618513 PMCID: PMC3235262 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and proanthocyanidins are plant polyphenols that have shown protective properties against colorectal neoplasms in some human studies. Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to prospectively evaluate the association between lignan and proanthocyanidin intake, estimated from databases linked to a food frequency questionnaire, and adenoma recurrence in 1,859 participants of the Polyp Prevention Trial. Overall, individual or total lignans or proanthocyanidins were not associated with colorectal adenoma recurrence. However, in sex-specific analyses, total lignan intake was positively associated with any adenoma recurrence in women (highest vs. lowest lignan intake quartile OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.22-3.52, p trend = 0.004) but not in men (p interaction = 0.04). To conclude, dietary lignan and proanthocyanidin consumption were not generally related to colorectal adenoma recurrence; however, high lignan intake may increase the risk of adenoma recurrence in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Bobe
- Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Frederick, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Landete J. Plant and mammalian lignans: A review of source, intake, metabolism, intestinal bacteria and health. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
45
|
Huang MH, Norris J, Han W, Block T, Gold E, Crawford S, Greendale GA. Development of an updated phytoestrogen database for use with the SWAN food frequency questionnaire: intakes and food sources in a community-based, multiethnic cohort study. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:228-44. [PMID: 22211850 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.638434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens, heterocyclic phenols found in plants, may benefit several health outcomes. However, epidemiologic studies of the health effects of dietary phytoestrogens have yielded mixed results, in part due to challenges inherent in estimating dietary intakes. The goal of this study was to improve the estimates of dietary phytoestrogen consumption using a modified Block Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), a 137-item FFQ created for the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) in 1994. To expand the database of sources from which phytonutrient intakes were computed, we conducted a comprehensive PubMed/Medline search covering January 1994 through September 2008. The expanded database included 4 isoflavones, coumestrol, and 4 lignans. The new database estimated isoflavone content of 105 food items (76.6%) vs. 14 (10.2%) in the 1994 version and computed coumestrol content of 52 food items (38.0%), compared to 1 (0.7%) in the original version. Newly added were lignans; values for 104 FFQ food items (75.9%) were calculated. In addition, we report here the phytonutrient intakes for each racial and language group in the SWAN sample and present major food sources from which the phytonutrients came. This enhanced ascertainment of phytoestrogens will permit improved studies of their health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Huang
- Division of Geriatrics, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Lee JH, Heo JM, Park YS, Park HM. Survey on the Consumption of the Phytoestrogen Isoflavone in Postmenopausal Korean Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.6118/jksm.2012.18.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Mi Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung Moo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Carmichael SL, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Ma C, Shaw GM, Cogswell ME. Estimated dietary phytoestrogen intake and major food sources among women during the year before pregnancy. Nutr J 2011; 10:105. [PMID: 21978267 PMCID: PMC3196693 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens may be associated with a variety of different health outcomes, including outcomes related to reproductive health. Recently published data on phytoestrogen content of a wide range of foods provide an opportunity to improve estimation of dietary phytoestrogen intake. METHODS Using the recently published data, we estimated intake among a representative sample of 6,584 women of reproductive age from a multi-site, population-based case-control study, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). The NBDPS uses a shortened version of the Willett food frequency questionnaire to estimate dietary intake during the year before pregnancy. We estimated intake among NBDPS control mothers. RESULTS Lignans contributed 65% of total phytoestrogen intake; isoflavones, 29%; and coumestrol, 5%. Top contributors to total phytoestrogen intake were vegetables (31%) and fruit (29%); for isoflavones, dairy (33%) and fruit (21%); for lignans, vegetables (40%) and fruit (29%); and for coumestans, fruit (55%) and dairy (18%). Hispanic women had higher phytoestrogen intake than non-Hispanic white or black women. Associations with maternal age and folic acid-containing supplements were more modest but indicated that older mothers and mothers taking supplements had higher intake. CONCLUSIONS The advantage of the approach used for the current analysis lies in its utilization of phytoestrogen values derived from a single laboratory that used state-of-the-art measurement techniques. The database we developed can be applied directly to other studies using food frequency questionnaires, especially the Willett questionnaire. The database, combined with consistent dietary intake assessment, provides an opportunity to improve our ability to understand potential associations of phytoestrogen intake with health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amparo G Gonzalez-Feliciano
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, currently with Science Applications International Corporation, Immunization Services Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary E Cogswell
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, currently with Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hartoft-Nielsen ML, Boas M, Bliddal S, Rasmussen AK, Main K, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Do Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals Influence Foetal Development during Pregnancy? J Thyroid Res 2011; 2011:342189. [PMID: 21918727 PMCID: PMC3170895 DOI: 10.4061/2011/342189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal euthyroidism during pregnancy is crucial for normal development and, in particular, neurodevelopment of the foetus. Up to 3.5 percent of pregnant women suffer from hypothyroidism. Industrial use of various chemicals—endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)—has been shown to cause almost constant exposure of humans with possible harmful influence on health and hormone regulation. EDCs may affect thyroid hormone homeostasis by different mechanisms, and though the effect of each chemical seems scarce, the added effects may cause inappropriate consequences on, for example, foetal neurodevelopment.
This paper focuses on thyroid hormone influence on foetal development in relation to the chemicals suspected of thyroid disrupting properties with possible interactions with maternal thyroid homeostasis. Knowledge of the effects is expected to impact the general debate on the use of these chemicals. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the issue, since human studies are scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Hartoft-Nielsen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology PE-2131, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Isoflavone concentration of soybean meal from various origins and transfer of isoflavones into milk of dairy cows. J Verbrauch Lebensm 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00003-011-0702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
50
|
Pérez-Jiménez J, Fezeu L, Touvier M, Arnault N, Manach C, Hercberg S, Galan P, Scalbert A. Dietary intake of 337 polyphenols in French adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:1220-8. [PMID: 21490142 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.007096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between polyphenol intake and health. These studies have been limited to ≤40 flavonoid and lignan aglycones. OBJECTIVE We estimated intakes of all known individual polyphenols in the French cohort SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) by using the recently developed database Phenol-Explorer, which contains content values for 502 polyphenols in 452 foods. DESIGN A total of 4942 men and women, who were aged 45-60 y and who had completed at least six 24-h dietary records, participated in this study. Foods documented in 24-h dietary records and the Phenol-Explorer database were matched, and intakes of all individual polyphenols were calculated. RESULTS A total of 337 polyphenols were consumed by SU.VI.MAX subjects, including 258 polyphenols consumed by at least one-half of the population and 98 polyphenols consumed in an amount >1 mg/d. Mean total polyphenol intake was estimated at 1193 ± 510 mg/d (or 820 ± 335 mg/d when expressed as aglycone equivalents), with hydroxycinnamic acid esters and proanthocyanidins being the most largely consumed polyphenols. These values may have been underestimated because of insufficient data or lack of accurate data on the content in foods for proanthocyanidins and thearubigins. Nonalcoholic beverages and fruit were the most important contributors to polyphenol intakes. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides intake data for all individual polyphenols known to be present in the diet of a cohort. This information will be essential to characterize the health effects of individual phenolic compounds that differ widely in their bioavailability and physiologic properties. The SU.VI.MAX study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|