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Zhao XY, Wang JQ, Neely GG, Shi YC, Wang QP. Natural compounds as obesity pharmacotherapies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:797-838. [PMID: 38083970 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious global public health problem, affecting over 988 million people worldwide. Nevertheless, current pharmacotherapies have proven inadequate. Natural compounds have garnered significant attention due to their potential antiobesity effects. Over the past three decades, ca. 50 natural compounds have been evaluated for the preventive and/or therapeutic effects on obesity in animals and humans. However, variations in the antiobesity efficacies among these natural compounds have been substantial, owing to differences in experimental designs, including variations in animal models, dosages, treatment durations, and administration methods. The feasibility of employing these natural compounds as pharmacotherapies for obesity remained uncertain. In this review, we systematically summarized the antiobesity efficacy and mechanisms of action of each natural compound in animal models. This comprehensive review furnishes valuable insights for the development of antiobesity medications based on natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Medical Center for Comprehensive Weight Control, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Krøyer Rasmussen M, Thøgersen R, Horsbøl Lindholm P, Bertram HC, Pilegaard H. Hepatic PGC-1α has minor regulatory effect on the transcriptome and metabolome during high fat high fructose diet and exercise. Gene 2022; 851:147039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Rufino AT, Costa VM, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:556-585. [PMID: 33084093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting in a dramatic increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, consequently leading to massive health and socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy is gaining momentum as an adjunctive treatment. However, the available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing to either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over the years, natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated with important biological effects and health-promoting activities. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of flavonoids on obesity and their potential mechanisms of action. The literature strongly suggests that most common flavonoids demonstrate a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by their ability to lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, both in in vitro and in vivo models. The impact of flavonoids on obesity can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake and fat absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, or regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding of the known antiobesity mechanisms of flavonoids will enable their potential use to treat this medical condition. Therefore, this review focuses on the putative biological mechanisms through which flavonoids may prevent or treat obesity and highlights new perspectives on future pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Wang P, Sang S. Dietary Genistein Reduces Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Product Accumulation in Obese Mice Treated with High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7416-7424. [PMID: 32573222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has found that dietary genistein could ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and especially lower methylglyoxal (MGO) and advanced glycation end product (AGE) accumulation in healthy mice exposed to genistein and HFD. However, it is still unclear whether dietary genistein intervention has a similar beneficial effect in obese mice. In this study, the mice were induced with obesity after being fed a HFD for nine weeks before being administered with two doses of genistein, 0.1% (G 0.1) and 0.2% (G 0.2), in the HFD for additional 19 weeks. After 19 week treatment, genistein supplementation reduced body and liver weights, plasma and liver MGO levels, and kidney AGE levels in mice. Mechanistically, genistein upregulated the expressions of glyoxalase I and II and aldose reductase to detoxify MGO, and genistein and its microbial metabolites, dihydrogenistein and 6'-hydroxy-O-demethylangolensin, were able to trap endogenous MGO via formation of MGO conjugates. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the antiobesity and antiglycation roles of dietary genistein in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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6
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Zhang J, Xu X, Zhu H, Wang Y, Hou Y, Liu Y. Dietary fish oil supplementation alters liver gene expressions to protect against LPS-induced liver injury in weanling piglets. Innate Immun 2019; 25:60-72. [PMID: 30782046 PMCID: PMC6830890 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918821420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, the potential mechanisms of the protective effects of fish oil against
LPS-induced liver injury in a piglet model were investigated by using RNA
sequencing. Twenty-four piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and the
main factors included diet (5% corn oil or 5% fish oil) and immunological
challenge (LPS or saline, on d 19). All piglets were slaughtered at 4 h after
challenge, and liver samples were collected. Fish oil improved liver morphology
and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 productions after LPS challenge. RNA
sequencing analysis showed fish oil had significant effect on the expressions of
genes involved in immune response during LPS-induced inflammation. Selected gene
expression changes were validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Fish oil reduced
the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes IL1R1,
IL1RAP, CEBPB and CRP,
and increased that of anti-inflammatory genes IL-18BP,
NFKBIA, IFIT1, IFIT2 and
ATF3. Moreover, fish oil restored the expressions of some
lipid metabolism-related genes, such as ACAA1,
ACACA, ACADS and ACADM,
which were only decreased in pigs fed a corn oil diet after LPS challenge. Our
RNA sequencing reveals novel gene-nutrient interactions following fish oil
supplementation and evoked inflammation, which add to the current understanding
of the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids against liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
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Zhao Q, Sun H, Yin L, Wang L. miR‑126a‑5p‑Dbp and miR‑31a‑Crot/Mrpl4 interaction pairs crucial for the development of hypertension and stroke. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4151-4167. [PMID: 31545431 PMCID: PMC6797943 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to integrate the mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR rats) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP rats) to screen for potential therapeutic targets for hypertension and stroke. The datasets GSE41452, GSE31457, GSE41453 and GSE53363 were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The GSE53361 dataset was obtained to analyze differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). The DEGs and DEMs were identified between SHR (or SHRSP) rats and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats using the Linear Models for Microarray (limma) data method. Venn diagrams were used to show the SHR-specific, SHRSP-specific and SHR-SHRSP shared DEGs and DEMs, and these were utilized to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was used to explore the function of the genes. Subsequently, the connectivity Map (CMAP) database was searched to identify small-molecule drugs. Comparisons between the GSE41452-GSE31457-GSE41453 merged and GSE53363 datasets identified 2 SHR-specific, 8 SHRSP-specific and 15 SHR-SHRSP shared DEGs. Function enrichment analysis showed that SHRSP-specific D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor (Dbp) was associated with circadian rhythm, and SHR-SHRSP shared carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (Crot) was involved in fatty acid metabolic processes or the inflammatory response via interacting with epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2). SHR-SHRSP shared mitochondrial ribosomal protein L4 (Mrpl4) may exert roles by interacting with the threonine-tRNA ligase, TARS2. The miRNA regulatory network predicted that upregulated Dbp could be regulated by rno-miR-126a-5p, whereas downregulated Crot and Mrpl4 could be modulated by rno-miR-31a. The CMAP database predicted that small-molecule drugs, including botulin, Gly-His-Lys, and podophyllotoxin, may possess therapeutic potential. In conclusion, the present study has identified Dbp, Crot and Mrpl4 as potential targets for the treatment of hypertension and stroke. Furthermore, the expression of these genes may be reversed by the above miRNAs or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qini Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Huan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Liquan Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Neurology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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8
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Xin X, Chen C, Hu YY, Feng Q. Protective effect of genistein on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109047. [PMID: 31176163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is a vital health problem worldwide; however, no effective treatment is currently available for NAFLD. Intensive studies have indicated the efficacy of genistein (GE), a bioactive isoflavone extracted from soy, in treating NAFLD. In addition to its oestrogen-like effects, GE is known to have multiple molecular effects, for instance, lipid and glucose metabolism-promoting effects and activities against lipid peroxidation, inflammation, fibrosis, and NAFLD-related tumours. Here, this review summarizes the potential role of GE in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD and some of the currently known targets and signalling pathways of GE in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver diseases, Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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9
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens have structures that are very similar to endogen estradiol derived from plants. Phytoestrogens sources are widespread in Asian regions including in Indonesia. Its have health benefits including reproductive health, heart health, a role in weight loss, hormone-dependent tumours, bone and skin health, and the immune system. This review aimed to provide information on phytoestrogens' effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmawati Desmawati
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Delmi Sulastri
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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10
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Desmawati D, Sulastri D. Phytoestrogens and Their Health Effect. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:617-622. [PMID: 30894924 PMCID: PMC6420957 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens have structures that are very similar to endogen estradiol derived from plants. Phytoestrogens sources are widespread in Asian regions including in Indonesia. Its have health benefits including reproductive health, heart health, a role in weight loss, hormone-dependent tumours, bone and skin health, and the immune system. This review aimed to provide information on phytoestrogens' effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmawati Desmawati
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Delmi Sulastri
- Department of Nutrition, Medical Faculty, Andalas University, Padang 25163, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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Sharma G, Prossnitz ER. G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) and Sex-Specific Metabolic Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1043:427-453. [PMID: 29224106 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome display disparate prevalence and regulation between males and females. Human, as well as rodent, females with regular menstrual/estrous cycles exhibit protection from weight gain and associated chronic diseases. These beneficial effects are predominantly attributed to the female hormone estrogen, specifically 17β-estradiol (E2). E2 exerts its actions via multiple receptors, nuclear and extranuclear estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ, and the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, previously termed GPR30). The roles of GPER in metabolic homeostasis are beginning to emerge but are complex and remain unclear. The discovery of GPER-selective pharmacological agents (agonists and antagonists) and the availability of GPER knockout mice have significantly enhanced our understanding of the functions of GPER in normal physiology and disease. GPER action manifests pleiotropic effects in metabolically active tissues such as the pancreas, adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle. Cellular and animal studies have established that GPER is involved in the regulation of body weight, feeding behavior, inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid homeostasis. GPER deficiency leads to increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. In contrast, pharmacologic stimulation of GPER in vivo limits weight gain and improves metabolic output, revealing a promising novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Sharma
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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12
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Davinelli S, Corbi G, Righetti S, Sears B, Olarte HH, Grassi D, Scapagnini G. Cardioprotection by Cocoa Polyphenols and ω-3 Fatty Acids: A Disease-Prevention Perspective on Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Risk. J Med Food 2018; 21:1060-1069. [PMID: 29723102 PMCID: PMC6206547 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death today. Many of the biochemical alterations associated with the pathophysiology of CVD can be modified by adequate intakes of bioactive nutrients through a correct diet or supplementation. Recently, there has been growing public and clinical interest in cocoa polyphenols (CPs) and omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids. A plethora of nutritional intervention trials and experimental studies demonstrates that consumption of these bioactive food compounds is beneficial to promote cardiovascular health. The purpose of this review is to summarize the major cardioprotective effects of CPs and ω-3 fatty acids, providing a scientific rationale for incorporating the combination of these molecules as a nutritional intervention in the prevention of CVD. Although several studies have shown the individual cardioprotective nature of these compounds, a combination treatment with CPs and ω-3 fatty acids may be a promising approach to enhance the preventive value of these molecules and reduce cardiovascular risk factors associated with aging. Therefore, this article also reviews some of the key studies on the interaction between CPs and the metabolism of ω-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- 1 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences " V. Tiberio", University of Molise , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- 1 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences " V. Tiberio", University of Molise , Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Barry Sears
- 3 Inflammation Research Foundation , Peabody, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Davide Grassi
- 5 Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila , L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- 1 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences " V. Tiberio", University of Molise , Campobasso, Italy
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13
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Santos JDB, Mendonça AAS, Sousa RC, Silva TGS, Bigonha SM, Santos EC, Gonçalves RV, Novaes RD. Food-drug interaction: Anabolic steroids aggravate hepatic lipotoxicity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by trans fatty acids. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 116:360-368. [PMID: 29704577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remains unknown if dietary lipids and anabolic steroids (AS) can interact to modify energy metabolism, hepatic structure and function. We investigated the impact of AS on gene expression, lipid profile, redox status and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice treated with a diet rich in trans fatty acids. Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were equally randomized into six groups and treated with a standard diet (SD) or high-fat diet (HFD) alone or combined with testosterone cypionate (10 or 20 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. When combined with a HFD, AS reduced plasma HDL cholesterol levels. It also upregulated SREBP-1, PPARα, SCD-1 and ACOX1 gene expression; plasma and hepatic triglyceride levels; oxidative stress; circulating hepatic transaminase levels and NAFLD severity. Our finding indicated that the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase was attenuated by HFD, an effect whose implications for AS-induced hepatotoxicity requires further investigation. Increased lipid, protein and DNA oxidative damage as well as worsening NAFLD in response to the interaction of HFD and AS were also potentially associated with the ability of AS to amplify the activation of regulatory lipid metabolism genes that are also involved in the control of cellular redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamili D B Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa A S Mendonça
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela C Sousa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaiany G S Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Solange M Bigonha
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliziária C Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Reggiani V Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rômulo D Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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14
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Szeja W, Grynkiewicz G, Rusin A. Isoflavones, their Glycosides and Glycoconjugates. Synthesis and Biological Activity. CURR ORG CHEM 2016; 21:218-235. [PMID: 28553156 PMCID: PMC5427819 DOI: 10.2174/1385272820666160928120822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation of small biologically active molecules, either of natural or synthetic origin, has a profound impact on their solubility, stability, and bioactivity, making glycoconjugates attractive compounds as therapeutic agents or nutraceuticals. A large proportion of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, occur in plants as glycosides, which adds to the molecular diversity that is much valued in medicinal chemistry studies. The subsequent growing market demand for glycosidic natural products has fueled the development of various chemical and biotechnological methods of glycosides preparation. The review gives an extensive overview of the processes of the synthesis of isoflavones and discusses recently developed major routes towards isoflavone-sugar formation processes. Special attention is given to the derivatives of genistein, the main isoflavone recognized as a useful lead in several therapeutic categories, with particular focus on anticancer drug design. The utility of chemical glycosylations as well as glycoconjugates preparation is discussed in some theoretical as well as practical aspects. Since novel approaches to chemical glycosylations and glycoconjugations are abundant and many of them proved suitable for derivatization of polyphenols a new body of evidence has emerged, indicating that sugar moiety can play a much more significant role, when attached to a pharmacophore, then being a mere “solubilizer”. In many cases, it has been demonstrated that semisynthetic glycoconjugates are much more potent cytostatic and cytotoxic agents than reference isoflavones. Moreover, the newly designed glycosides or glycoside mimics can act through different mechanisms than the parent active molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Szeja
- Silesian Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Rusin
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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15
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Xiao RY, Hao J, Ding YH, Che YY, Zou XJ, Liang B. Transcriptome Profile Reveals that Pu-Erh Tea Represses the Expression of Vitellogenin Family to Reduce Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2016; 21:E1379. [PMID: 27763516 PMCID: PMC6274137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to misbalanced energy surplus and expenditure, obesity has become a common chronic disorder that is highly associated with many metabolic diseases. Pu-erh tea, a traditional Chinese beverage, has been believed to have numerous health benefits, such as anti-obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of its anti-obesity effect are yet to be understood. Here, we take the advantages of transcriptional profile by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to view the global gene expression of Pu-erh tea. The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans was treated with different concentrations of Pu-erh tea water extract (PTE, 0 g/mL, 0.025 g/mL, and 0.05 g/mL). Compared with the control, PTE indeed decreases lipid droplets size and fat accumulation. The high-throughput RNA-Sequence technique detected 18073 and 18105 genes expressed in 0.025 g/mL and 0.05 g/mL PTE treated groups, respectively. Interestingly, the expression of the vitellogenin family (vit-1, vit-2, vit-3, vit-4 and vit-5) was significantly decreased by PTE, which was validated by qPCR analysis. Furthermore, vit-1(ok2616), vit-3(ok2348) and vit-5(ok3239) mutants are insensitive to PTE triggered fat reduction. In conclusion, our transcriptional profile by RNA-Sequence suggests that Pu-erh tea lowers the fat accumulation primarily through repression of the expression of vit(vitellogenin) family, in addition to our previously reported (sterol regulatory element binding protein) SREBP-SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yue Xiao
- Pharmaceutical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, #24Heping Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Junjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolutionary & Functional Genomics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yi-Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Yan-Yun Che
- Pharmaceutical College, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xiao-Ju Zou
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of University in Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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Suk M, Shin Y. Effect of high-intensity exercise and high-fat diet on lipid metabolism in the liver of rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 19:289-95. [PMID: 27274461 PMCID: PMC4886838 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of high-intensity exercise (Ex) and high dietary fat intake on lipid metabolism in the liver of rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the four groups (n=10 per group) that were maintained on a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) consisting of 30% fat (w/w), with or without exercise on a treadmill at 30 m/min and 8% grade) for 4 weeks (i.e., ND, ND+Ex, HFD, and HFD+Ex groups). RESULTS Body weight (p<.001), total plasma cholesterol (TC) (p<.001), triglyceride (TG) (p<.05), and liver TG levels (p<.05) were increased in the HFD group relative to the ND groups, and serum glucose (p<.05), insulin (p<.05), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p<.01), and liver TG levels (p<.01) were also higher in the HFD group compared to the ND+Ex group. Plasma free fatty acid was elevated in the HFD+Ex group compared to the HFD group (p<.01). With the exception of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver was altered in the Ex groups compared to the control group (p<.05), with genes involved in lipolysis specifically up regulated in the HFD+Ex group compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION Vigorous exercise may increase glucose utilization and fat oxidation by activating genes in the liver that are associated with lipid metabolism compared to that in animals consuming a HFD without exercise. Therefore, high intensity exercise can be considered to counter the adverse effects of high dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinHwa Suk
- College of Sports Science, Department of exercise prescription and rehabilitation, Dankook University, Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - YunA Shin
- College of Sports Science, Department of exercise prescription and rehabilitation, Dankook University, Cheonan Republic of Korea
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17
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Rupasinghe HPV, Sekhon-Loodu S, Mantso T, Panayiotidis MI. Phytochemicals in regulating fatty acid β-oxidation: Potential underlying mechanisms and their involvement in obesity and weight loss. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:153-63. [PMID: 27288729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of fat as the result of more energy intake and less energy expenditure is known as obesity. Lipids are essential components in the human body and are vital for maintaining homeostasis and physiological as well as cellular metabolism. Fatty acid synthesis and catabolism (by fatty acid oxidation) are normal part of basic fuel metabolism in animals. Fatty acids are degraded in the mitochondria by a biochemical process called β-oxidation in which two-carbon fragments are produced in each cycle. The increase in fatty acid β-oxidation is negatively correlated with body mass index. Although healthy life style, avoiding Western diet, dieting and strenuous exercise are the commonly used methods to lose weight, they are not considered a permanent solution in addition to risk attenuation of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Pharmacotherapy offers benefits of weight loss by altering the satiety and lowering absorption of fat from the food; however, its side effects may outweigh the benefits of weight loss. Alternatively, dietary phytochemicals and natural health products offer great potential as an efficient weight loss strategy by modulating lipid metabolism and/or increasing BMR and thermogenesis. Specifically, polyphenols such as citrus flavonoids, green tea epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, capsaicin and curcumin, have been reported to increase lipolysis and induce fatty acid β-oxidation through modulation of hormone sensitive lipase, acetyl-coA carboxylase, carnitine acyl transferase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1. In this review article, we discuss selected phytochemicals in relation to their integrated functionalities and specific mechanisms for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Satvir Sekhon-Loodu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Theodora Mantso
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Heriot-Watt University, School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK
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Huang C, Pang D, Luo Q, Chen X, Gao Q, Shi L, Liu W, Zou Y, Li L, Chen Z. Soy Isoflavones Regulate Lipid Metabolism through an AKT/mTORC1 Pathway in Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) Male Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:E586. [PMID: 27153053 PMCID: PMC6273643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic tendency of obesity and its strong association with serious co-morbidities have elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Lipid homeostasis, closely involved in obesity, has been reported to be regulated by multiple pathways. mTORC1 is emerging as a critical regulator of lipid metabolism. Here, we describe that the consumption of soy isoflavones, with a structural similarity to that of estradiol, could mitigate obesity through an AKT/mTORC1 pathway. Fed with soy isoflavones, the diet-induced obesity (DIO) male rats exhibited decreased body weight, accompanied with suppressed lipogenesis and adipogenesis, as well as enhanced lipolysis and β‑oxidation. The phosphorylation of AKT and S6 were decreased after soy isoflavone treatment in vivo and in vitro, suggesting an inhibition effect of soy isoflavones on mTORC1 activity. Our study reveals a potential mechanism of soy isoflavones regulating lipid homeostasis, which will be important for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qi Gao
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Liangqin Shi
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wentao Liu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Rai S, Bhatnagar S. Hyperlipidemia, Disease Associations, and Top 10 Potential Drug Targets: A Network View. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:152-68. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Rai
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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20
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Roberts MD, Mobley CB, Toedebush RG, Heese AJ, Zhu C, Krieger AE, Cruthirds CL, Lockwood CM, Hofheins JC, Wiedmeyer CE, Leidy HJ, Booth FW, Rector RS. Western diet-induced hepatic steatosis and alterations in the liver transcriptome in adult Brown-Norway rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 26519296 PMCID: PMC4628330 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sub-chronic high fat, high sucrose diet (also termed ‘Westernized diet’ or WD) feeding on the liver transcriptome during early nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Methods Brown Norway male rats (9 months of age) were randomly assigned to receive ad libitum access to a control (CTL; 14 % kcal fat, 1.2 % sucrose by weight) diet or WD (42 % kcal from fat, 34 % sucrose by weight) for 6 weeks. Results Six weeks of WD feeding caused hepatic steatosis development as evidenced by the 2.25-fold increase in liver triacylglycerol content, but did not induce advanced liver disease (i.e., no overt inflammation or fibrosis) in adult Brown Norway rats. RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that 94 transcripts were altered in liver by WD feeding (46 up-, 48 down-regulated, FDR < 0.05). Specifically, the top differentially regulated gene network by WD feeding was ‘Lipid metabolism, small molecular biochemistry, vitamin and mineral metabolism’ (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) score 61). The top-regulated canonical signaling pathway in WD-fed rats was the ‘Superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis’ (10/29 genes regulated, p = 1.68E-17), which coincides with a tendency for serum cholesterol levels to increase in WD-fed rats (p = 0.09). Remarkably, liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Scd) mRNA expression was by far the most highly-induced transcript in WD-fed rats (approximately 30-fold, FDR = 0.01) which supports previous literature underscoring this gene as a crucial target during NAFLD development. Conclusions In summary, sub-chronic WD feeding appears to increase hepatic steatosis development over a 6-week period but only induces select inflammation-related liver transcripts, mostly acute phase response genes. These findings continue to outline the early stages of NAFLD development prior to overt liver inflammation and advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine-Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Ryan G Toedebush
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexander J Heese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Conan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Anna E Krieger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Clayton L Cruthirds
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - John C Hofheins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles E Wiedmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA. .,Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Research Service-Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
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21
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Tang C, Zhang K, Zhao Q, Zhang J. Effects of Dietary Genistein on Plasma and Liver Lipids, Hepatic Gene Expression, and Plasma Metabolic Profiles of Hamsters with Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7929-7936. [PMID: 26311091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Male hamsters were fed one of the following three diets for 6 weeks (n = 15): normal-fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD + 2 g/kg genistein; the effects of dietary genistein on hyperlipidemia were investigated using traditional and (1)H NMR metabonomic approaches. At 6 weeks, compared with the hamsters in the NFD group, those in the HFD group had higher plasma and liver lipids (P < 0.05). Hyperlipidemia was alleviated in the genistein group, with lower plasma cholesterol (9.11 ± 0.40 vs 12.4 ± 0.37 mmol/L), triglyceride (8.07 ± 1.08 vs 14.7 ± 1.18 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (2.69 ± 0.20 vs 4.48 ± 0.27 mmol/L), malondialdehyde (7.77 ± 1.64 vs 14.0 ± 1.15 μmol/L), and liver cholesterol (20.9 ± 1.01 vs 29.9 ± 2.76 μmol/g) than those in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Expression of hepatic LDL receptor and estrogen receptors α and β mRNA in the genistein group were significantly up-regulated, compared with those of the HFD group (P < 0.05). In the (1)H NMR metabonomic analysis, both the small and macromolecular plasma metabolite profiles differed among the three groups, and the metabolic profile of the genistein group was shifted toward that of the NFD group. These results extend our understanding of the beneficial effects of genistein on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Tang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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Sun L, Zhao T, Ju T, Wang X, Li X, Wang L, Zhang L, Yu G. A Combination of Intravenous Genistein Plus Mg2+ Enhances Antihypertensive Effects in SHR by Endothelial Protection and BKCa Channel Inhibition. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:1114-20. [PMID: 25714131 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of combining genistein (GST) plus magnesium (Mg) upon the development of hypertension were examined in 28 twelve-week-old male spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs). Four experimental groups were tested: SHR (0.9% NaCl and DMSO), SHR + GST (0.9% NaCl and GST 5mg/kg/day), SHR + Mg (Mg(2+) 0.75 mmol/kg/day and DMSO), and SHR + GST + Mg (Mg(2+) 0.75 mmol/kg/day and GST 5mg/kg/day). A group of normotensive genetic control, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were also included for comparison. Drugs were administrated intravenously daily for 30 days. METHODS Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate were measured by tail-cuff plethysmography every five days. Vascular tone of mesenteric arteries was examined by an isometric force transducer. Big-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa) currents were detected by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. RESULTS SBP in SHRs was significantly elevated vs. that in WKY rats. GST or Mg lowered SBP of SHRs. Their combination enhanced antihypertensive effects, as indicated by significantly lowered SBP and shorter onset times. GST or Mg individually improved endothelial dysfunction of SHRs. However, again their combination enhanced endothelial protection, nearly restoring maximal relaxation responses to those seen in WKY. BKCa currents in SHRs were increased compared with WKY rats. GST, Mg, and their combination restored BKCa currents to those of WKY rats. CONCLUSIONS The combination of GST and Mg produces antihypertensive effects and improvement of endothelial dysfunction, which are substantially greater than that when either is used individually. These results suggest a novel and feasible protocol for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and related cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ting Ju
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China;
| | - Guichun Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Prunus yedoensis Bark Extract on Adipose Tissue in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:937904. [PMID: 26413130 PMCID: PMC4568034 DOI: 10.1155/2015/937904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic, low-grade inflammatory responses occur in obese adipose tissue and play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. Macrophages exposed to high glucose upregulate the expression of SRA, a macrophage-specific scavenger receptor. The present study investigated whether Prunus yedoensis (PY) bark extract affects the inflammatory response and scavenger receptor gene expression observed in a diet-induced obesity model in vivo. Oral administration of PY extract significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels without a change in body weight in mice fed a high fat diet for 17 weeks. PY extract significantly suppressed expression of inflammatory and macrophage genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and F4/80 in epididymal adipose tissue. Among scavenger receptor genes, SRA expression was significantly reduced. The inhibitory responses of PY extract and its fractions were determined through evaluation of scavenger receptor expression in THP-1 cells. PY extract and its ethyl acetate fraction decreased the levels of SRA mRNA and phospho-ERK1/2 during monocyte differentiation. Our data indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of PY extract and its downregulation of SRA seem to account for its hypoglycemic effects.
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Hepatic genome-wide expression of lipid metabolism in diet-induced obesity rats treated with cocoa polyphenols. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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El-Kordy EA, Alshahrani AM. Effect of genistein, a natural soy isoflavone, on pancreatic β-cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 3:108-119. [PMID: 30023190 PMCID: PMC6014279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the oldest disorders that is rapidly emerging as a global health problem. Soy genistein is a legume that has numerous health benefits. This work aimed to study the effect of different doses of genistein on histological, immunohistochemical and morphometrical changes in β-cells of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to correlate these effects with plasma glucose and insulin levels. Fifty adult male rats were divided into five equal groups. Group I served as a control. Group II received genistein. Group III comprised STZ-induced diabetic rats. Group IV diabetic animals treated with low dosage genistein. Group V diabetic animals treated with high dosage genistein. Genistein was given for 4 weeks after STZ injection. Rats were sacrificed and pancreatic specimens were taken for light and electron microscopic examination. Blood samples were collected for detection of serum glucose and insulin levels. After diabetic induction, the islets appeared shrunken with cytoplasmic vacuolation of their cells and negative insulin immunoreaction. Ultrastructurally, β-cells showed darkly stained nuclei with marked loss of granules. Morphometrically, significant loss of β-cells was detected. The serum insulin level was decreased with elevation in the serum glucose. High-dose but not low-dose genistein improved the morphology of islets with increased insulin immunoreaction. Genistein also significantly decreased β-cells loss and improved glucose and insulin levels. In conclusion, genistein has a protective effect on pancreatic β-cells damage, possesses the ability to regenerate β-cells and improves serum levels of insulin and glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats in a dosage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali El-Kordy
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
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Ounnas F, Salen P, Demeilliers C, Calani L, Scazzina F, Hazane-Puch F, Laporte F, Melegari C, Del Rio D, de Lorgeril M. Wheat aleurone fractions and plasma n-3 fatty acids in rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:391-4. [PMID: 25812156 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1024206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to compare the effects of two wheat aleurone (WA) fractions on circulating n-3 fatty acids in rats. We demonstrated that only the fraction able to induce the highest urinary excretion of polyphenol metabolites (>1µmol) resulted in a significant increase in plasma level of Eicosapentanoic acid (+22%, p < 0.05). While other constituents of whole wheat can be involved in this response, our data suggest that cereals containing high levels of phenolic compounds can increase blood n-3 without affecting n-6 fatty acids. Further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis and explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayçal Ounnas
- Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Equipe PRETA, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Joseph Fourier , Grenoble I , France
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Ali F, Ismail A, Esa NM, Pei CP. Transcriptomics expression analysis to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the cocoa polyphenol treatment in diet-induced obesity rats. Genomics 2015; 105:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Lan X, Li D, Zhong B, Ren J, Wang X, Sun Q, Li Y, Liu L, Liu L, Lu S. Identification of differentially expressed genes related to metabolic syndrome induced with high-fat diet in E3 rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:235-41. [PMID: 25294893 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214554531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genes differentially expressing in aberrant organs of metabolic syndrome (MetS) facilitates the uncovering of molecular mechanisms and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the disease. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes related to MetS in livers of E3 rats with high-fat-diet-induced metabolic syndrome (HFD-MetS). E3 rats were fed with high-fat diet for 24 weeks to induce MetS. Then, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technology was used to identify the genes differentially expressed between HFD-MetS and control E3 rat livers. Twenty positive recombinant clones were chosen randomly from forward subtractive library and sent to sequence. BLAST analysis in GenBank database was used to determine the property of each cDNA fragment. In total, 11 annotated genes, 3 ESTs, and 2 novel gene fragments were identified by SSH technology. The expression of four genes (Alb, Pip4k2a, Scd1, and Tf) known to be associated with MetS and other five genes (Eif1, Rnase4, Rps12, Rup2, and Tmsb4) unknown to be relevant to MetS was significantly up-regulated in the livers of HFD-MetS E3 rats compared with control rats using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). By analyzing the correlations between the expression of these nine genes and serum concentrations of TG, Tch, HDL-C, and LDL-C, we found that there were significant positive correlations between TG and the expression of five genes (Alb, Eif1, Pip4k2a, Rps12, and Tmsb4x), Tch and three genes (Rnase4, Scd1, and Tmsb4x), and LDL-C and two genes (Rnase4 and Scd1), as well there were significant negative correlations between HDL-C and the expression of three genes (Rup2, Scd1, and Tf). This study provides important clues for unraveling the molecular mechanisms of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Dongmin Li
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Sun
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lee Liu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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Woo SL, Xu H, Li H, Zhao Y, Hu X, Zhao J, Guo X, Guo T, Botchlett R, Qi T, Pei Y, Zheng J, Xu Y, An X, Chen L, Chen L, Li Q, Xiao X, Huo Y, Wu C. Metformin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation without altering adipose phenotype in diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91111. [PMID: 24638078 PMCID: PMC3956460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance. To better understand the pathophysiology of obesity-associated NAFLD, the present study examined the involvement of liver and adipose tissues in metformin actions on reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation during obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity-associated NAFLD and treated with metformin (150 mg/kg/d) orally for the last four weeks of HFD feeding. Compared with HFD-fed control mice, metformin-treated mice showed improvement in both glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Also, metformin treatment caused a significant decrease in liver weight, but not adiposity. As indicated by histological changes, metformin treatment decreased hepatic steatosis, but not the size of adipocytes. In addition, metformin treatment caused an increase in the phosphorylation of liver AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase and decreases in the phosphorylation of liver c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and in the mRNA levels of lipogenic enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. However, metformin treatment did not significantly alter adipose tissue AMPK phosphorylation and inflammatory responses. In cultured hepatocytes, metformin treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation and decreased fat deposition and inflammatory responses. Additionally, in bone marrow-derived macrophages, metformin treatment partially blunted the effects of lipopolysaccharide on inducing the phosphorylation of JNK1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and on increasing the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that metformin protects against obesity-associated NAFLD largely through direct effects on decreasing hepatocyte fat deposition and on inhibiting inflammatory responses in both hepatocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lung Woo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America; Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel Botchlett
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ting Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei An
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Bae CR, Kwon DY, Cha YS. Anti-obesity effects of traditional and standardized meju in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 54:45-50. [PMID: 24426190 PMCID: PMC3882484 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of two types of meju in diet induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Animals were randomly divided into 4 dietary group (n = 10); normal diet, high fat diet with 30% soybean, high fat diet with 30% traditional meju, high fat diet with 30% standardized meju. After 16 weeks, after animals were sacrificed. It was observed that the high fat diet with 30% traditional meju and high fat diet with 30% standardized meju significantly reduced body weight gain, epididymal fat weight, serum triglyceride along with serum insulin and leptin levels compared to the high fat diet with 30% soybean. And also, the expression levels of hepatic lipid anabolic genes were significantly decreased in the high fat diet with 30% traditional meju and high fat diet with 30% standardized meju compared to the high fat diet with 30% soybean. In conclusion, the assessment of all the obesity markers strongly advocate the anti-obesity effect of traditional as well as standardized meju in diet induce obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Bae
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Humans Ecology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kwon
- Korea Food Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Sungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Humans Ecology, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Strakovsky RS, Lezmi S, Flaws JA, Schantz SL, Pan YX, Helferich WG. Genistein exposure during the early postnatal period favors the development of obesity in female, but not male rats. Toxicol Sci 2013; 138:161-74. [PMID: 24361872 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein (Gen), the primary isoflavone in soy, has been shown to adversely affect various endocrine-mediated endpoints in rodents and humans. Soy formula intake by human infants has been associated with early age at menarche and decreased female-typical behavior in girls. Adipose deposition and expansion are also hormonally regulated and Gen has been shown to alter these processes. However, little is known about the impact of early-life soy intake on metabolic homeostasis in adulthood. The current study examined the impact of early-life Gen exposure on adulthood body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging) and the molecular signals mediating adipose expansion. From postnatal day (PND) 1 to 22, rat pups were daily orally dosed with 50mg/kg Gen to mimic blood Gen levels in human infants fed soy formula. Female but not male Gen-exposed rats had increased fat/lean mass ratio, fat mass, adipocyte size and number, and decreased muscle fiber perimeter. PND22 Gen-exposed females, but not males, had increased expression of adipogenic factors, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (Cebpα), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (Cebpβ), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ). Furthermore, Wingless-related MMTV integration site 10b (Wnt10b), a critical regulator of adipogenic cell fate determination, was hypermethylated and had decreased expression in adipose of PND22 Gen-exposed females. These data suggest that developmental Gen exposure in rats has gender-specific effects on adiposity that closely parallel the effects of a postweaning high-fat diet and underscore the importance of considering timing of exposure and gender when establishing safety recommendations for early-life dietary Gen intake.
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Ali F, Ismail A, Kersten S. Molecular mechanisms underlying the potential antiobesity-related diseases effect of cocoa polyphenols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:33-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Selangor Malaysia
| | - Sander Kersten
- Metabolism and Genomics Group; Division of Human Nutrition; Wageningen University; Wageningen The Netherlands
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Yan L, Graef GL, Claycombe KJ, Johnson LK. Effects of voluntary running and soy supplementation on diet-induced metabolic disturbance and inflammation in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9373-9379. [PMID: 24011182 DOI: 10.1021/jf401588h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of diet (AIN93G or high-fat), physical activity (sedentary or voluntary running), and protein source (casein or soy protein isolate (SPI)) and their interactions on metabolic disturbance and inflammation in mice. After 14 weeks of feeding, the high-fat diet increased body weight gain by 34.5% (p < 0.01), whereas running reduced weight gain by 30.5% (p < 0.01) compared to their respective AIN93G and sedentary controls; SPI did not affect weight gain. The high-fat diet significantly increased plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, leptin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1); running and SPI significantly reduced these parameters compared to their respective controls. The high-fat diet significantly increased and running significantly reduced plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. A unique finding was that SPI supplementation to the high-fat diet reduced plasma insulin by 11% (p < 0.05), MCP-1 by 21% (p = 0.03), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by 50% (p = 0.05) compared to casein. As adipose tissues produce many adipocytokines, including MCP-1 and TNF-α, that contribute to a state of chronic low grade systemic inflammation and facilitate metabolic disturbance in obesity, further investigations are warranted into the roles of soy protein in reducing the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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Halder D, Das ND, Jung KH, Choi MR, Kim MS, Lee SR, Chai YG. Cyclodextrin-Clathrated Limonin Suppresses Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. J Food Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Halder
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | - Nando Dulal Das
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
| | | | | | - Young Gyu Chai
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences; Hanyang University; Ansan 426-791 Korea
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2-heptyl-formononetin increases cholesterol and induces hepatic steatosis in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:926942. [PMID: 23738334 PMCID: PMC3657407 DOI: 10.1155/2013/926942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of isoflavones may prevent adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidaemia. However, studies in the area are few and primarily with genistein. This study investigated the effects of formononetin and its synthetic analogue, 2-heptyl-formononetin (C7F), on lipid and cholesterol metabolism in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were fed a cholesterol-enriched diet for five weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia and were then fed either the cholesterol-enriched diet or the cholesterol-enriched diet-supplemented formononetin or C7F for three weeks. Body weight and composition, glucose homeostasis, and plasma lipids were compared. In another experiment, mice were fed the above diets for five weeks, and hepatic triglyceride accumulation and gene expression and histology of adipose tissue and liver were examined. Supplementation with C7F increased plasma HDL-cholesterol thereby increasing the plasma level of total cholesterol. Supplementation with formononetin did not affect plasma cholesterol but increased plasma triglycerides levels. Supplementation with formononetin and C7F induced hepatic steatosis. However, formononetin decreased markers of inflammation and liver injury. The development of hepatic steatosis was associated with deregulated expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. In conclusion, supplementation with formononetin and C7F to a cholesterol-enriched diet adversely affected lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.
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Sharma S, Sun X, Rafikov R, Kumar S, Hou Y, Oishi PE, Datar SA, Raff G, Fineman JR, Black SM. PPAR-γ regulates carnitine homeostasis and mitochondrial function in a lamb model of increased pulmonary blood flow. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41555. [PMID: 22962578 PMCID: PMC3433474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Carnitine homeostasis is disrupted in lambs with endothelial dysfunction secondary to increased pulmonary blood flow (Shunt). Our recent studies have also indicated that the disruption in carnitine homeostasis correlates with a decrease in PPAR-γ expression in Shunt lambs. Thus, this study was carried out to determine if there is a causal link between loss of PPAR-γ signaling and carnitine dysfunction, and whether the PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone preserves carnitine homeostasis in Shunt lambs. Methods and Results siRNA-mediated PPAR-γ knockdown significantly reduced carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2 (CPT1 and 2) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) protein levels. This decrease in carnitine regulatory proteins resulted in a disruption in carnitine homeostasis and induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as determined by a reduction in cellular ATP levels. In turn, the decrease in cellular ATP attenuated NO signaling through a reduction in eNOS/Hsp90 interactions and enhanced eNOS uncoupling. In vivo, rosiglitazone treatment preserved carnitine homeostasis and attenuated the development of mitochondrial dysfunction in Shunt lambs maintaining ATP levels. This in turn preserved eNOS/Hsp90 interactions and NO signaling. Conclusion Our study indicates that PPAR-γ signaling plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial function through the regulation of carnitine homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo. Further, it identifies a new mechanism by which PPAR-γ regulates NO signaling through Hsp90. Thus, PPAR-γ agonists may have therapeutic potential in preventing the endothelial dysfunction in children with increased pulmonary blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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Kamiya T, Nagamine R, Sameshima-Kamiya M, Tsubata M, Ikeguchi M, Takagaki K. The isoflavone-rich fraction of the crude extract of the Puerariae flower increases oxygen consumption and BAT UCP1 expression in high-fat diet-fed mice. Glob J Health Sci 2012; 4:147-55. [PMID: 22980388 PMCID: PMC4777006 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v4n5p147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Puerariae flower extract (PFE) is a crude extract of the Kudzu flower. Previous studies have shown that PFE supplementation exerts anti-obesity and anti-fatty liver effects in high-fat diet-fed mice. In this study, we aimed to identify the PFE components responsible for these effects and to determine their influence on energy expenditure and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Experiments were conducted on C57BL/6J male mice classified into 3 groups: (1) high-fat diet-fed (HFD), (2) high-fat diet-fed given PFE (HFD + PFE), and (3) high-fat diet-fed given the PFE isoflavone-rich fraction (HFD + ISOF). All groups were fed for 42 days. The HFD + PFE and HFD + ISOF groups showed significant resistance to increases in body weight, hepatic triglyceride level, and visceral fat compared to the HFD group. These groups also exhibited significant increases in oxygen consumption and UCP1-positive brown adipose tissue (BAT) area. Our results demonstrate that the active ingredients in PFE are present in the ISOF and that these compounds may increase energy expenditure by upregulation of BAT UCP1 expression. These findings provide valuable information regarding the anti-obesity effects of isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Kamiya
- Research and Development Division, Toyo Shinyaku Co. Ltd., Tosu-shi, Saga, Japan.
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The crude extract from puerariae flower exerts antiobesity and antifatty liver effects in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:272710. [PMID: 22685484 PMCID: PMC3368216 DOI: 10.1155/2012/272710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Kudzu, a leguminous plant, has long been used in folk medicine. In particular, its flowers are used in Japanese and Chinese folk medicine for treating hangovers. We focused on the flower of Kudzu (Puerariae thomsonii), and we previously reported the antiobesity effect of Puerariae thomsonii flower extract (PFE) in humans. In this study, we conducted an animal study to investigate the effect of PFE on visceral fat and hepatic lipid levels in mice with diet-induced obesity. In addition, we focused on gene expression profiles to investigate the antiobesity mechanism of PFE. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD supplemented with 5% PFE for 14 days. PFE supplementation significantly reduced body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. Moreover, in the histological analysis, PFE supplementation improved fatty liver. Hepatic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that PFE supplementation downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression. For adipose tissue, the expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase in WAT and uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly upregulated. These results suggest that PFE exerts antiobesity and antifatty liver effects in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through suppressing lipogenesis in the liver, stimulating lipolysis in WAT, and promoting thermogenesis in BAT.
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Puerariae flos alleviates metabolic diseases in Western diet-loaded, spontaneously obese type 2 diabetic model mice. J Nat Med 2012; 66:622-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hamden K, Keskes H, Belhaj S, Mnafgui K, Feki A, Allouche N. Inhibitory potential of omega-3 fatty and fenugreek essential oil on key enzymes of carbohydrate-digestion and hypertension in diabetes rats. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:226. [PMID: 22142357 PMCID: PMC3240899 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background diabetes is a serious health problem and a source of risk for numerous severe complications such as obesity and hypertension. Treatment of diabetes and its related diseases can be achieved by inhibiting key digestives enzymes-related to starch digestion secreted by pancreas. Methods The formulation omega-3 with fenugreek terpenenes was administrated to surviving diabetic rats. The inhibitory effects of this oil on rat pancreas α-amylase and maltase and plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were determined. Results the findings revealed that administration of formulation omega-3 with fenugreek terpenenes (Om3/terp) considerably inhibited key enzymes-related to diabetes such as α-amylase activity by 46 and 52% and maltase activity by 37 and 35% respectively in pancreas and plasma. Moreover, the findings revealed that this supplement helped protect the β-Cells of the rats from death and damage. Interestingly, the formulation Om3/terp modulated key enzyme related to hypertension such as ACE by 37% in plasma and kidney. Moreover administration of fenugreek essential oil to surviving diabetic rats improved starch and glucose oral tolerance additively. Furthermore, the Om3/terp also decreased significantly the glucose, triglyceride (TG) and total-cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) rates in the plasma and liver of diabetic rats and increased the HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-Ch) level, which helped maintain the homeostasis of blood lipid. Conclusion overall, the findings of the current study indicate that this formulation Om3/terp exhibit attractive properties and can, therefore, be considered for future application in the development of anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and hypolipidemic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hamden
- Biotechnology High School of Sfax (ISBS), University of Sfax, P.O. Box 261, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
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Genistein inhibits mitochondrial-targeted oxidative damage induced by beta-amyloid peptide 25–35 in PC12 cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:399-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Toufektsian MC, Salen P, Laporte F, Tonelli C, de Lorgeril M. Dietary flavonoids increase plasma very long-chain (n-3) fatty acids in rats. J Nutr 2011; 141:37-41. [PMID: 21068183 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.127225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids probably contribute to the health benefits associated with the consumption of fruit and vegetables. However, the mechanisms by which they exert their effects are not fully elucidated. PUFA of the (n-3) series also have health benefits. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that wine flavonoids may interact with the metabolism of (n-3) PUFA and increase their blood and cell levels. The present studies in rats were designed to assess whether flavonoids actually increase plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main very long-chain (n-3) PUFA. Rats were fed a corn-derived anthocyanin (ACN)-rich (ACN-rich) or ACN-free diet with constant intakes of plant and marine (n-3) PUFA for 8 wk (Expt. 1). Plasma fatty acids were measured by GC. The ACN-rich diet contained ~0.24 ± 0.01 mg of ACN/g pellets. There were no significant differences between groups in the main saturated, monounsaturated, and (n-6) fatty acids. In contrast, plasma EPA and DHA were greater in the ACN-rich diet group than in the ACN-free diet group (P < 0.05). We obtained similar results in 2 subsequent experiments in which rats were administered palm oil (80 μL/d) and consumed the ACN-rich or ACN-free diet (Expt. 2) or were supplemented with fish oil (60 mg/d, providing 35 mg DHA and 12 mg EPA) and consumed the ACN-rich or ACN-free diet (Expt. 3). In both experiments, plasma EPA and DHA were significantly greater in the ACN-rich diet group. These studies demonstrate that the consumption of flavonoids increases plasma very long-chain (n-3) PUFA levels. These data confirm previous clinical and epidemiological studies and provide new insights into the health benefits of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Toufektsian
- Laboratoire Cœur et Nutrition, TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Faculté de Médecine, Université Joseph Fourier, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Leclercq G, de Cremoux P, This P, Jacquot Y. Lack of sufficient information on the specificity and selectivity of commercial phytoestrogens preparations for therapeutic purposes. Maturitas 2011; 68:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kim MH, Park JS, Jung JW, Byun KW, Kang KS, Lee YS. Daidzein supplementation prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through alternation of hepatic gene expression profiles and adipocyte metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:1019-30. [PMID: 21157426 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise and isoflavones exert antisteatotic effects by the regulation of hepatic lipogenesis/insulin resistance or adiposity/a variety of adipocytokines are related to hepatic steatosis. However, there is very little information regarding the potential effects of daidzein, the secondary abundant isoflavone, on NAFLD. Here, we have assessed the hepatic global transcription profiles, adipocytokines and adiposity in mice with high fat-induced NAFLD and their alteration by daidzein supplementation. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed with normal fat (16% fat of total energy), high fat (HF; 36% fat of total energy) and HF supplemented with daidzein (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 g per kg diet) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Daidzein supplementation (≥ 0.5 g per kg diet) reduced hepatic lipid concentrations and alleviated hepatic steatosis. The hepatic microarray showed that daidzein supplementation (1 g per kg diet) downregulated carbohydrate responsive element binding protein, a determinant of de novo lipogenesis, its upstream gene liver X receptor β and its target genes encoding for lipogenic enzymes, thereby preventing hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. These results were confirmed by lower insulin and blood glucose levels as well as homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance scores. In addition, daidzein supplementation inhibited adiposity by the upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and the antiadipogeneis, and moreover augmented antisteatohepatitic leptin and adiponectin mRNA levels, whereas it reduced the mRNA or concentration of steatotic tumor necrosis factor α and ghrelin. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that daidzein might alleviate NAFLD through the direct regulation of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and insulin signaling, and the indirect control of adiposity and adipocytokines by the alteration of adipocyte metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-H Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Robertson DG, Watkins PB, Reily MD. Metabolomics in toxicology: preclinical and clinical applications. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120 Suppl 1:S146-70. [PMID: 21127352 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Robertson
- Applied and Investigative Metabolomics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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Cho KW, Kim YO, Andrade JE, Burgess JR, Kim YC. Dietary naringenin increases hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α protein expression and decreases plasma triglyceride and adiposity in rats. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:81-8. [PMID: 20567977 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin, a flavonoid present in grapefruit, has recently been shown to exert hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects, which has a particular importance for protecting against chronic diseases. However, the lipid-lowering potential of naringenin at the concentrations in the dietary range and its underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. AIM The aim of the present study was (1) to investigate the effects of dietary naringenin on plasma and hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels and on adipose deposition in rat and (2) to determine the contribution of hepatic peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) expression to fatty acid oxidation. METHODS Male Long-Evans hooded rats were fed a diet supplemented with naringenin (0.003, 0.006, and 0.012%) for 6 weeks. We analyzed plasma and hepatic lipid contents and determined the protein expression of PPARα, carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1L (CPT-1), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), all of which are critical genes for fatty acid oxidation. RESULTS Naringenin supplementation caused a significant reduction in the amount of total triglyceride and cholesterol in plasma and liver. In addition, naringenin supplementation lowered adiposity and triglyceride contents in parametrial adipose tissue. Naringenin-fed animals showed a significant increase in PPARα protein expression in the liver. Furthermore, expression of CPT-1 and UCP2, both of which are known to be regulated by PPARα, was markedly enhanced by naringenin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the activation of PPARα transcription factor and upregulation of its fatty acid oxidation target genes by dietary naringenin may contribute to the hypolipidemic and anti-adiposity effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Won Cho
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 10003, USA
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Hirota K, Morikawa K, Hanada H, Nonaka M, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi M, Nakajima R. Effect of genistein and daidzein on the proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocyte cell line. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5821-5827. [PMID: 20397699 DOI: 10.1021/jf903911e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are known to have several biological activities, including a hypolipidemic effect. However, the mechanism of the lipid lowering effect of genistein remains to be elucidated. There is conflicting evidence on the effect of genistein for the deposition of adipocyte tissues. We examined the effect of the isoflavones on the growth and differentiation of human preadipocyte cells, AML-I. Growth arrest accompanied by the appearance of characteristics of apoptosis was observed by genistein or daidzein treatment under the adipogenic stimulation. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, Bad, Akt, and p-Akt, were modulated in the genistein-treated cells by Western blot analysis. On the other hand, exposure of AML-I to the isoflavones increased accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Actually, the cytoplasmic expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma were increased in the genistein-treated cells. Glycosylated forms of the isoflavones genistein and puerarin did not have such activities. These results suggested that only aglycon forms of isoflavones induced not only apoptosis but also lipogenesis in the preadipocyte cell line AML-I. The possible mechanism of these phenomena has been discussed in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hirota
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Park JE, Cha YS. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract supplementation improves lipid and carnitine profiles in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:1099-1105. [PMID: 20393989 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a non-caloric natural-source alternative to artificially produced sugar substitutes. This study investigated the effect of stevia extract on lipid profiles in C57BL/6J mice. Forty mice were divided into four groups: N-C (normal diet and distilled water), H-C (high-fat diet and distilled water), H-SC (high fat diet and sucrose, 1 mL kg(-1) per day), and H-SV (high-fat diet and stevia extract, 1 mL kg(-1) per day). RESULTS Body weight gain was significantly higher in the H-SC group than in the H-SV group. Triglyceride concentrations in serum and liver were lower in the H-SV group than in the H-SC group. Serum total cholesterol concentrations were lower in the H-SV and H-C groups compared to the H-SC group. The concentrations of acid-insoluble acylcarnitine (AIAC) in serum were higher in the H-SV group than in the H-C and H-SC groups and the acyl/free carnitine level in liver was significantly higher in the H-SV group than in the N-C group. These results were supported by mRNA expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism (ACO, PPARalpha, ACS, CPT-I, ACC) assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the supplementation of stevia extract might have an anti-obesity effect on high-fat diet induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Kirpich IA, Gobejishvili LN, Bon Homme M, Waigel S, Cave M, Arteel G, Barve SS, McClain CJ, Deaciuc IV. Integrated hepatic transcriptome and proteome analysis of mice with high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2010; 22:38-45. [PMID: 20303728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common form of liver disease in the US and refers to a wide spectrum of liver damage, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. The goal of the present study was to achieve a more detailed understanding of the molecular changes in response to high fat-induced liver steatosis through the identification of a differentially expressed liver transcriptome and proteome. Male C57/BL6 mice fed a high-fat lard diet for 8 weeks developed visceral obesity and hepatic steatosis characterized by significantly increased liver and plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride levels and plasma alanine aminotransferase activities. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that, compared to the control diet (CD), high-fat diet changed the expression of 309 genes (132 up- and 177 down-regulated; by a twofold change and more, P<.05). Multiple genes encoding proteins involved in lipogenesis were down-regulated, whereas genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were up-regulated. Proteomic analysis revealed 12 proteins which were differentially expressed. Of these, glutathione S-transferases mu1 and pi1 and selenium-binding protein 2 were decreased at both the gene and protein levels. This is the first study to perform a parallel transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Several key pathways involving xenobiotic and lipid metabolism, the inflammatory response and cell-cycle control were identified. These pathways provide targets for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies as related to the development and prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Kirpich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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