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Šmíd V, Dvořák K, Stehnová K, Strnad H, Rubert J, Stříteský J, Staňková B, Stránská M, Hajšlová J, Brůha R, Vítek L. The Ameliorating Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat Methionine Choline-Deficient Diet in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17226. [PMID: 38139055 PMCID: PMC10743075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with abnormalities of liver lipid metabolism. On the contrary, a diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) has been reported to ameliorate the progression of NAFLD. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of dietary n-3-PUFA enrichment on the development of NAFLD and liver lipidome. Mice were fed for 6 weeks either a high-fat methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) or standard chow with or without n-3-PUFAs. Liver histology, serum biochemistry, detailed plasma and liver lipidomic analyses, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis were performed. Mice fed an MCD developed histopathological changes characteristic of NAFLD, and these changes were ameliorated with n-3-PUFAs. Simultaneously, n-3-PUFAs decreased serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations as well as ALT and AST activities. N-3-PUFAs decreased serum concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated free fatty acids (FAs), while increasing serum concentrations of long-chain PUFAs. Furthermore, in the liver, the MCD significantly increased the hepatic triacylglycerol content, while the administration of n-3-PUFAs eliminated this effect. Administration of n-3-PUFAs led to significant beneficial differences in gene expression within biosynthetic pathways of cholesterol, FAs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α). To conclude, n-3-PUFA supplementation appears to represent a promising nutraceutical approach for the restoration of abnormalities in liver lipid metabolism and the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šmíd
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Karel Dvořák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Kamila Stehnová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Stříteský
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stránská
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Radan Brůha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Saadh MJ, Pal RS, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Orosco Gavilán JC, JC D, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Bahrami A, Kadham MJ, Amin AH, Georgia H. A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Investigates Causal Associations between Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Variable Risk Factors. Nutrients 2023; 15:1202. [PMID: 36904201 PMCID: PMC10005338 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of whether variable risk factors and various nutrients are causally related to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) has remained unanswered so far. Thus, this study investigated whether genetically predicted risk factors and nutrients play a function in the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC), non-infective colitis (NIC), and Crohn's disease (CD), using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Utilizing the data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with 37 exposure factors, we ran Mendelian randomization analyses based on up to 458,109 participants. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to determine causal risk factors for IBD diseases. Genetic predisposition to smoking and appendectomy as well as vegetable and fruit intake, breastfeeding, n-3 PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, vitamin D, total cholesterol, whole-body fat mass, and physical activity were related to the risk of UC (p < 0.05). The effect of lifestyle behaviors on UC was attenuated after correcting for appendectomy. Genetically driven smoking, alcohol consumption, appendectomy, tonsillectomy, blood calcium, tea intake, autoimmune diseases, type 2 diabetes, cesarean delivery, vitamin D deficiency, and antibiotic exposure increased the risk of CD (p < 0.05), while vegetable and fruit intake, breastfeeding, physical activity, blood zinc, and n-3 PUFAs decreased the risk of CD (p < 0.05). Appendectomy, antibiotics, physical activity, blood zinc, n-3 PUFAs, and vegetable fruit intake remained significant predictors in multivariable MR (p < 0.05). Besides smoking, breastfeeding, alcoholic drinks, vegetable and fruit intake, vitamin D, appendectomy, and n-3 PUFAs were associated with NIC (p < 0.05). Smoking, alcoholic drinks, vegetable and fruit intake, vitamin D, appendectomy, and n-3 PUFAs remained significant predictors in multivariable MR (p < 0.05). Our results provide new and comprehensive evidence demonstrating that there are approving causal effects of various risk factors on IBDs. These findings also supply some suggestions for the treatment and prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J. Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan;
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11152, Jordan
| | - Rashmi Saxena Pal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, Pontifical University of Peru, San Miguel 15088, Peru;
| | | | - Darshan JC
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to Be University, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (S.S.A.-R.)
| | - Salim S. Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh 1145, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.); (S.S.A.-R.)
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ali H. Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hrosti Georgia
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Wei YF, Sun ML, Wen ZY, Liu FH, Liu YS, Yan S, Qin X, Gao S, Li XQ, Zhao YH, Gong TT, Wu QJ. Pre-diagnosis meat intake and cooking method and ovarian cancer survival: results from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study (OOPS). Food Funct 2022; 13:4653-4663. [PMID: 35373791 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03825g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The relationships between pre-diagnosis meat intake and ovarian cancer (OC) survival were limited and controversial. To date, no study has taken account of cooking methods. Thus, we aimed to firstly clarify these associations based on the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study. Methods: This prospective cohort study, including 853 OC patients between 2015 and 2020, was conducted to examine the aforementioned associations. All women completed a food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were ascertained up to March 31, 2021 via medical records and active follow-up. We used the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During the median follow-up of 37.17 months, 130 women died. Pre-diagnosis fish and seafood intake was associated with better survival (HRT3 vs. T1 = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.26-0.82, p trend <0.05), whereas processed red meat (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.04-2.26) and a high frequency of fried fish intake (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03-2.16) were associated with worse survival than consuming none. After considering the interaction of cooking methods, we found that compared with the lowest tertile of fish and seafood intake and almost no fried fish cooking, women with the highest tertile of intake and almost no fried fish cooking had better survival (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13-0.92). Additionally, compared with the lowest tertile of fish and seafood intake and almost no baked fish cooking, women with the lowest tertile of intake and consuming baked fish had worse survival (HR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.53-9.15). Conclusions: Pre-diagnosis fish and seafood intake was associated with better OC survival, whereas processed red meat intake was associated with worse survival. Cooking methods, especially for fried or baked fish, may play interaction effects with fish intake on OC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Wei
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zhao-Yan Wen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ya-Shu Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xiu-Qin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Impact of fish consumption on all-cause mortality in older people with and without dementia: a community-based cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3785-3794. [PMID: 35748921 PMCID: PMC9464135 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased fish consumption reduces the risk of dementia. However, it is unknown whether fish consumption reduced all-cause mortality in people with dementia. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association of fish consumption with all-cause mortality in older people with dementia versus those without dementia. METHODS Using a standard method of the Geriatric Mental State, we interviewed 4165 participants aged ≥ 60 years who were randomly recruited from five provinces in China during 2007-2009 to collect the baseline data of socio-demography, disease risk factors, histories of disease, and details of dietary intakes, and diagnosed dementia (n = 406). They were followed up for vital status until 2012. RESULTS The cohort follow-up documented 329 deaths; 61 were in participants with dementia (55.3 per 1000 person-years) and 224 were those without dementia (22.3). In all participants, the risk of all-cause mortality was reduced with fish intake at " ≥ twice a week" (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio 0.58, 95% CI 0.34-0.96) and at "once a week or less" (0.79, 0.53-1.18) compared to "never eat" over the past two years. In participants without baseline dementia, the corresponding HRs for all-cause mortality were 0.57 (0.33-0.98) and 0.85 (0.55-1.31), while in participants with dementia were 1.36 (0.28-6.60) and 1.05 (0.30-3.66), respectively. CONCLUSION This study reveals that consumption of fish in older age reduced all-cause mortality in older people without dementia, but not in people with dementia. Fish intake should be increased in older people in general, prior to the development of dementia in the hope of preventing dementia and prolonging life.
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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Tang H, Rising HH, Majji M, Brown RD. Long-Term Space Nutrition: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010194. [PMID: 35011072 PMCID: PMC8747021 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to identify current evidence and gaps in the field of long-term space nutrition. Specifically, the review targeted critical nutritional needs during long-term manned missions in outer space in addition to the essential components of a sustainable space nutrition system for meeting these needs. The search phrase "space food and the survival of astronauts in long-term missions" was used to collect the initial 5432 articles from seven Chinese and seven English databases. From these articles, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify 218 articles for full-text reviews based on three themes and 18 keyword combinations as eligibility criteria. The results suggest that it is possible to address short-term adverse environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies by adopting effective dietary measures, selecting the right types of foods and supplements, and engaging in specific sustainable food production and eating practices. However, to support self-sufficiency during long-term space exploration, the most optimal and sustainable space nutrition systems are likely to be supported primarily by fresh food production, natural unprocessed foods as diets, nutrient recycling of food scraps and cultivation systems, and the establishment of closed-loop biospheres or landscape-based space habitats as long-term life support systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Hope Hui Rising
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Manoranjan Majji
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Robert D. Brown
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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Cavalli J, Freitas MA, Gonçalves ECD, Fadanni GP, Santos AA, Raposo NRB, Dutra RC. Chia oil prevents chemical and immune-mediated inflammatory responses in mice: Evidence for the underlying mechanisms. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110703. [PMID: 34600695 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an herbaceous plant used as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) source that presents a range of beneficial effects on human health. Herein, it was used a chia oil containing over than 62% of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a compound widely related to anti-inflammatory actions. Chia oil effect was tested using paw edema and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, and ear edema induced by croton oil, histamine, and capsaicin. Croton oil was used in both preventive and therapeutic treatment schedules of chia oil while histamine and capsaicin were used only in preventive treatment schedule. Chia oil mechanism of action was investigated using nociception and paw edema response induced by intraplantar injection of acidified saline (ASIC activator), PGE2 (prostaglandin pathway), cinnamaldehyde (TRPA1 activator), bradykinin (BK pathway), menthol (TRPM8 activator), and capsaicin (TRPV1 activator). Further, RT-PCR for inflammatory mediators (TRPA1, NF-κB, PPAR-γ, COX-2, IL-6, TNF, FPR2, FAAH, MAGL, and IL-12A) induced by carrageenan, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the cell viability were then accessed. Later, chia oil actions were evaluated in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis (MS) model. Chia oil showed anti-edematogenic and anti-hyperalgesic effects when administered 1 h before pro-inflammatory stimulus - particularly carrageenan and croton oil. Moreover, chia oil upregulated the mRNA levels of COX-2 and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) while reduced IL-6 expression in the spinal cord of mice submitted to i.pl. injection of carrageenan. Interestingly, chia oil mediates antinociceptive effects in mice decreasing the nociceptive response induced by acidified saline, PGE2, and cinnamaldehyde, but not by bradykinin, menthol, and capsaicin. On the EAE model, chia oil preventively administered attenuated EAE-induced motor deficits and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice, suggesting a valuable effect of chia oil supplementation in regulating inflammatory responses and some immune functions during immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMID). Nonetheless, additional reports will need to assess the effect of chia oil in well-controlled clinical trials performed in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Freitas
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Elaine C D Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Fadanni
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, 88056-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adara A Santos
- Center of Innovation and Preclinical Research, 88056-000 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nádia R B Raposo
- Center for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (NUPICS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, SC, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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Usuda H, Okamoto T, Wada K. Leaky Gut: Effect of Dietary Fiber and Fats on Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147613. [PMID: 34299233 PMCID: PMC8305009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into the mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. Intestinal permeability is an index for intestinal barrier integrity. Intestinal permeability has been shown to increase in various diseases-not only intestinal inflammatory diseases, but also systemic diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney dysfunction, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic increase of intestinal permeability is termed 'leaky gut' which is observed in the patients and animal models of these diseases. This state often correlates with the disease state. In addition, recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota affects intestinal and systemic heath conditions via their metabolite, especially short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, which can trigger leaky gut. The etiology of leaky gut is still unknown; however, recent studies have uncovered exogenous factors that can modulate intestinal permeability. Nutrients are closely related to intestinal health and permeability that are actively investigated as a hot topic of scientific research. Here, we will review the effect of nutrients on intestinal permeability and microbiome for a better understanding of leaky gut and a possible mechanism of increase in intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Usuda
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (T.O.); Tel.: +81-853-20-3067 (H.U.)
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He S, Cai T, Yuan J, Zheng X, Yang W. Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:149-167. [PMID: 33740249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells recognize "foreign" antigens and induce durable humoral and cellular immune responses, which are indispensable for defending pathogens, as well as maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissues and organs. T cells are the major immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment which play a critical role in the antitumor immune response and cancer immune surveillance. Defective immune response of tumor-infiltrating T cells is the main cause of cancer immune evasion. The antitumor response of T cells is affected by multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment, including immunosuppressive cells, immune inhibitory cytokines, tumor-derived suppressive signals like PD-L1, immnuogenicity of tumor cells, as well as metabolic factors like hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Abundant studies in past decades have proved the metabolic regulations of the immune response of T cells and the tumor-infiltrating T cells. In this chapter, we will discuss the regulations of the antitumor response of tumor-infiltrating T cells by lipid metabolism, which is one of the main components of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wark G, Samocha-Bonet D, Ghaly S, Danta M. The Role of Diet in the Pathogenesis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010135. [PMID: 33396537 PMCID: PMC7823614 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are increasing in prevalence and incidence globally. They are associated with significant morbidity, reduced quality of life to individual sufferers and are an increasing burden on society through direct and indirect costs. Current treatment strategies rely on immunosuppression, which, while effective, is associated with adverse events. Epidemiological evidence suggests that diet impacts the risk of developing IBD and modulates disease activity. Using diet as a therapeutic option is attractive to patients and clinicians alike due to its availability, low cost and few side effects. Diet may influence IBD risk and disease behaviour through several mechanisms. Firstly, some components of the diet influence microbiota structure and function with downstream effects on immune activity. Secondly, dietary components act to alter the structure and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and lastly dietary elements may have direct interactions with components of the immune response. This review will summarise the mechanisms of diet–microbial–immune system interaction, outline key studies examining associations between diet and IBD and evidence demonstrating the impact of diet on disease control. Finally, this review will outline current prescribed dietary therapies for active CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wark
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
| | - Dorit Samocha-Bonet
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Simon Ghaly
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
| | - Mark Danta
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (G.W.); (D.S.-B.); (S.G.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, SW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Loke YL, Chew MT, Ngeow YF, Lim WWD, Peh SC. Colon Carcinogenesis: The Interplay Between Diet and Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:603086. [PMID: 33364203 PMCID: PMC7753026 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.603086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared to developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed to low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive consumption of red processed meats, alcohol, and low dietary fiber content. There is growing evidence of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota in CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears to be a direct causal role for gut microbes in the development of CRC in some animal models, the link between diet, gut microbes, and colonic carcinogenesis has been established largely as an association rather than as a cause-and-effect relationship. This is especially true for human studies. As essential dietary factors influence CRC risk, the role of proteins, carbohydrates, fat, and their end products are considered as part of the interplay between diet and gut microbiota. The underlying molecular mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis mediated by gut microbiota are also discussed. Human biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all influence dysbiosis and consequently CRC carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis could add to CRC risk by shifting the effect of dietary components toward promoting a colonic neoplasm together with interacting with gut microbiota. It follows that dietary intervention and gut microbiota modulation may play a vital role in reducing CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Leng Loke
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ming Tsuey Chew
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fong Ngeow
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia.,Centre for Research on Communicable Diseases, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Wendy Wan Dee Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sunway Medical Centre, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Peh
- Ageing Health and Well-Being Research Centre, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
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12
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Zamani SA, McClain KM, Graubard BI, Liao LM, Abnet CC, Cook MB, Petrick JL. Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Intake in Relation to Head and Neck, Esophageal, and Gastric Cancer Incidence in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:1096-1113. [PMID: 32141493 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiologic studies have examined the association of fish consumption with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk, but the associations with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) subtypes remain unclear. Using the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (United States, 1995-2011), we prospectively investigated the associations of PUFA subtypes, ratios, and fish with the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC; n = 2,453), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA; n = 855), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 267), and gastric cancer (cardia: n = 603; noncardia: n = 631) among 468,952 participants (median follow-up, 15.5 years). A food frequency questionnaire assessed diet. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. A Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure was used for false-discovery control. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs were associated with a 20% decreased HNC and EA risk (for HNC, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.92, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.001; and for EA, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.98, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.1). Similar associations were observed for nonfried fish but only for high intake. Further, the ratio of long-chain n-3:n-6 was associated with a decreased HNC and EA risk. No consistent associations were observed for gastric cancer. Our results indicate that dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA and nonfried fish intake are associated with lower HNC and EA risk.
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13
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Wang L, Hang D, He X, Lo CH, Wu K, Chan AT, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Song M. A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal serrated polyps and conventional adenomas. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:57-66. [PMID: 32638350 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on risk of colorectal cancer precursors remains largely unknown. We examined the associations of erythrocyte PUFAs, including n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, with risk of colorectal conventional adenomas and serrated polyps in 4517 participants from three US prospective cohorts who had provided a blood sample and undergone at least one endoscopic examination. We calculated the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) per 1 SD increment in individual PUFAs and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs. We considered P < .005 statistically significant to account for multiple testing. During a median of 20 years of follow-up, we documented 493 conventional adenomas and 316 serrated polyps. After adjusting for various CRC risk factors, no associations for PUFAs achieved the stringent statistical significance for either conventional adenomas or serrated polyps (ORs per 1 SD ranged from 0.90 to 1.14). Some associations achieved nominal significance (P < .05), including the association of dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3, n-6) with lower risk of conventional adenomas (OR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83-1.00), total n-6 PUFAs with higher risk of proximal serrated polyps (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01-1.74) and eicosadienoic acid (20:2, n-6) and DGLA with lower risk of advanced adenomas (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.71-0.97 and OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72-0.98, respectively). Our findings indicate that erythrocyte PUFAs in a typical American diet are unlikely to have a substantial influence on risk of colorectal cancer precursors. The subgroup associations require further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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An Overview of Lipid Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4020249. [PMID: 32733940 PMCID: PMC7383338 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with major abnormalities of hepatic lipid metabolism. We propose that lipid abnormalities directly or indirectly contribute to NAFLD, especially fatty acid accumulation, arachidonic acid metabolic disturbance, and ceramide overload. The effects of lipid intake and accumulation on NAFLD and NAFLD treatment are explained with theoretical and experimental details. Overall, these findings provide further understanding of lipid metabolism in NAFLD and may lead to novel therapies.
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15
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Walnut Oil Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation and Restores Intestinal Barrier Function in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051302. [PMID: 32370215 PMCID: PMC7284466 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis belongs to inflammatory bowel diseases, which is a group of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a debilitating condition with a wide range of symptoms including rectal bleeding, diarrhea, and visceral pain. Current dietary habits often lead to imbalance in n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in favor of n-6 PUFA. Recent data showed the potential anti-inflammatory advantage of n-3 PUFA. Walnut oil (WO) is rich in those fatty acids and mainly consists of linoleic and linolenic acids that may act via free fatty acids receptors (FFARs). We assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of WO in the mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Moreover, we examined changes in the expression of tight junction proteins (TJ), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and FFAR proteins in the inflamed mouse colon. WO improves the damage score in inflamed tissue, significantly restoring ion transport and colonic wall permeability. Inflammation caused changes in TJ, FFAR, and pro-inflammatory gene proteins expression, which WO was able to partially reverse. WO has anti-inflammatory properties; however, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This stems from the pleiotropic effects of n-3 PUFA ligands associated with receptor distribution and targeted signaling pathways.
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16
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Leystra AA, Clapper ML. Gut Microbiota Influences Experimental Outcomes in Mouse Models of Colorectal Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110900. [PMID: 31703321 PMCID: PMC6895921 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Mouse models are a valuable resource for use throughout the development and testing of new therapeutic strategies for CRC. Tumorigenesis and response to therapy in humans and mouse models alike are influenced by the microbial communities that colonize the gut. Differences in the composition of the gut microbiota can confound experimental findings and reduce the replicability and translatability of the resulting data. Despite this, the contribution of resident microbiota to preclinical tumor models is often underappreciated. This review does the following: (1) summarizes evidence that the gut microbiota influence CRC disease phenotypes; (2) outlines factors that can influence the composition of the gut microbiota; and (3) provides strategies that can be incorporated into the experimental design, to account for the influence of the microbiota on intestinal phenotypes in mouse models of CRC. Through careful experimental design and documentation, mouse models can continue to rapidly advance efforts to prevent and treat colon cancer.
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17
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Kelleher M, Singh R, O'Driscoll CM, Melgar S. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEACAM) family members and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:21-31. [PMID: 31133507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic intestinal inflammatory condition with increasing incidence worldwide and whose pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The collected evidence indicates that genetic, environmental and microbial factors and a dysregulated immune response are responsible for the disease. IBD has an early onset and long term sufferers present a higher risk of developing colitis associated cancer (CAC). The carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecules (CEACAM) are a subgroup of the CEA family, found in a range of different cell types and organs including epithelial cells in the intestine. They can act as intercellular adhesions molecules for e.g. bacteria and soluble antigens. CEACAMs are involved in a number of different processes including cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and tumour suppression. Some CEACAMs such as CEACAM1, CEACAM5 and CEACAM6 are highly associated with cancer and are even recognised as valid clinical markers for certain cancer forms. However, their role in IBD pathogenesis is less understood. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of published literature on CEACAMs and intestinal inflammation (IBD). The interactions between CEACAMs and bacteria adhesion in relation to IBD pathophysiology will be addressed and potential new therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities will be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maebh Kelleher
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland; Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
| | - Raminder Singh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
| | - Caitriona M O'Driscoll
- Pharmacodelivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12YT20, Ireland.
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18
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Lv Z, Xing K, Li G, Liu D, Guo Y. Dietary Genistein Alleviates Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Inflammatory Response in Laying Hens With Fatty Liver Syndrome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1493. [PMID: 30405443 PMCID: PMC6207982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of dietary genistein (GEN) on fatty liver syndrome (FLS) in laying hens. Hens in the control group (CG) were fed a high-energy and low-choline (HELC) diet to establish the FLS model. The livers of the FLS hens were friable and swollen from hemorrhage. Hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were present around the liver blood vessels. Hens in the low-genistein (LGE) and high-genistein (he) groups were fed GEN at 40 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively, as supplements to the HELC diet. GEN at 40 mg/kg significantly increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, the serum estrogen (E2) level, and the laying rate, whereas 400 mg/kg of GEN decreased GnRH expression and the laying rate without significantly affecting E2, suggesting that high-dose GEN adversely affected the reproductive performance. Either high- or low-dose GEN treatment could alleviate metabolic disorders and inflammatory responses in FLS hens. GEN significantly decreased the serum ALT, creatinine, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Accordingly, the TG and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) levels, including long-chain saturated fatty acids (LSFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in the liver were reduced after the GEN treatments, whereas the levels of C22:0, n-3 family fatty acids, C20:3n6, and C20:4n6 were increased. These results indicated that dietary GEN downregulated the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis [sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1c), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACC)] and the fatty acid transporter (FAT). Furthermore, GEN treatments upregulated the transcription of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARδ, ACOT8, ACAD8, and ACADs] in the liver and reduced PPARγ and AFABP expression in abdominal fat. Dietary GEN alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the livers of FLS hens and downregulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression. Moreover, GEN treatment increased SOD activity and decreased malondialdehyde activity in the liver. In conclusion, GEN supplementation in the feed inhibited fatty acid synthesis and enhanced β-oxidation in the liver through the PPAR-ACAD/ACOT and PPAR-LXRα-SREBP1c-ACC/FAS/FAT pathways. Dietary GEN alleviated metabolic disorder and inflammation in the FLS hens by improving the antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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19
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How to Succeed in Marketing Marine Natural Products for Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Markets. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Ananthakrishnan AN, Bernstein CN, Iliopoulos D, Macpherson A, Neurath MF, Ali RAR, Vavricka SR, Fiocchi C. Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:39-49. [PMID: 29018271 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A number of environmental factors have been associated with the development of IBD. Alteration of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, is closely linked to initiation or progression of IBD, but whether dysbiosis is a primary or secondary event is unclear. Nevertheless, early-life events such as birth, breastfeeding and exposure to antibiotics, as well as later childhood events, are considered potential risk factors for IBD. Air pollution, a consequence of the progressive contamination of the environment by countless compounds, is another factor associated with IBD, as particulate matter or other components can alter the host's mucosal defences and trigger immune responses. Hypoxia associated with high altitude is also a factor under investigation as a potential new trigger of IBD flares. A key issue is how to translate environmental factors into mechanisms of IBD, and systems biology is increasingly recognized as a strategic tool to unravel the molecular alterations leading to IBD. Environmental factors add a substantial level of complexity to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis but also promote the fundamental notion that complex diseases such as IBD require complex therapies that go well beyond the current single-agent treatment approach. This Review describes the current conceptualization, evidence, progress and direction surrounding the association of environmental factors with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin N Ananthakrishnan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, 804-F-175 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg Manitoba R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Dimitrios Iliopoulos
- Center for Systems Biomedicine, Vatche & Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South CHS 44-133, Los Angeles, California 90095-7278, USA
| | - Andrew Macpherson
- Gastroenterology/UVCM, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse 8, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus F Neurath
- I. Department of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja A Raja Ali
- The National University of Malaysia, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Triemli Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Birmensdorferstrasse 497, 8063 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, and Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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21
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Jolanta B, Joanna B, Diana HZ, Krystyna S. Composition and Concentration of Serum Fatty Acids of Phospholipids Depend on Tumour Location and Disease Progression in Colorectal Patients. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:39-45. [PMID: 30581340 PMCID: PMC6294105 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in the development/progression of colon cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between serum phospholipids PUFAs, colorectal tumour localization and disease progression. METHODS A total of 67 patients (18 with proximal colon, 17 with distal colon and 32 with rectal tumour localization) as well as 16 controls were studied. One year after surgery, 33 patients had disease progression. Serum levels of C16:1(n-7), C18:1(n-9), C18:3(n-3), C20:5(n-3), C22:6(n- 3), C18:2(n-6), C20:2(n-6), C20:4(n-6) fatty acids of se - rum phospholipids were quantitatively measured before surgery by gas-chromatography. RESULTS Significantly higher mean value of C18:2, as compared to control, has been noted only for patients with proximal (p<0.05) and distal tumour (p<0.03) localization. The lower mean level of C20:5 and unsaturation index (UI) were observed in colorectal cancer patients regardless the tumour localization, but the statistical difference was noted only for patients with proximal tumours (p<0.05, p<0.03). In patients with proximal tumours, significantly lower mean level of C20:4 and UI were noted in patients with disease progression, as compared to patients with proximal tumours without disease progression (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The evaluation of PUFAs as a risk/prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients should take into account tumour localization as a dependent variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugajska Jolanta
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, IP, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | - Berska Joanna
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, IP, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Sztefko Krystyna
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, IP, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
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22
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Li Z, Guan M, Lin Y, Cui X, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Zhu J. Aberrant Lipid Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Revealed by Liver Lipidomics. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122550. [PMID: 29182572 PMCID: PMC5751153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to characterize the disorder of lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is a worldwide disease. The research into the disorder of lipid metabolism in HCC is very limited. Study of lipid metabolism in liver cancer tissue may have the potential to provide new insight into HCC mechanisms. METHODS A lipidomics study of HCC based on Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electronic spray ionization-QTOF mass spectrometer (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS) and Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (MALDI-FTICR MS) was performed. RESULTS Triacylglycerols (TAGs) with the number of double bond (DB) > 2 (except 56:5 and 56:4 TAG) were significantly down-regulated; conversely, others (except 52:2 TAG) were greatly up-regulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, the more serious the disease was, the higher the saturated TAG concentration and the lower the polyunsaturated TAG concentration were in HCC tissues. The phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were altered in a certain way. Sphingomyelin (SM) was up-regulated and ceramide (Cer) were down-regulated in HCC tissues. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first such report showing a unique trend of TAG, PC, PE and PI. The use of polyunsaturated fatty acids, like eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid, as supplementation, proposed for the treatment of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), may also be effective for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Ming Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yu Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing 100190, China.
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
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23
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Butler LM, Yuan JM, Huang JY, Su J, Wang R, Koh WP, Ong CN. Plasma fatty acids and risk of colon and rectal cancers in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:38. [PMID: 29872717 PMCID: PMC5871823 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition in plasma captures both dietary intake and endogenous synthesis. Prospective analyses of plasma fatty acid composition are needed to establish the role of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on risk of developing colorectal cancer. To evaluate associations between plasma fatty acid composition and colon or rectal cancer risk separately, a nested case-control study of 350 colorectal (211 colon and 139 rectal) cancer cases and an equal number of individually matched control subjects was conducted within the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a cohort of 63,257 men and women recruited between 1993 and 1998. Fatty acids in pre-diagnostic plasma were quantified using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing highest to lowest quartiles are presented. For colon cancer, inverse associations were reported with higher essential PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.73; Ptrend = 0.005) and linoleic acid (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.82; Ptrend = 0.008). Higher desaturase activity in the n-6 PUFA synthesis pathway estimated by the arachidonic:linoleic acid ratio was associated with increased colon cancer risk (OR = 3.53; 95% CI: 1.82, 6.85; Ptrend = 0.006), whereas higher desaturase activity in the MUFA synthesis pathway estimated by the oleic:stearic acid ratio was associated with decreased colon cancer risk (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.92; Ptrend = 0.024). There was no significant association between the essential fatty acids or the desaturase indices and rectal cancer risk. Endogenous synthesis of arachidonic and oleic acids has an impact on colon cancer development. Higher consumption of “good fats,” or their natural creation by the body, may help protect people from colon cancer. Jian-Min Yuan from the University of Pittsburgh, USA, and colleagues used samples from the Singapore Chinese Health Study to examine fatty acids contained in blood plasma from 350 people who later developed colorectal cancer and an equal number of matched control individuals. They found that higher blood levels—which reflect dietary intake—of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid were associated with a lower risk of colon cancer. So was oleic acid, a monounsaturated fat created by the body, whereas conversion of linolenic acid to another fatty acid called arachidonic acid boosted colon cancer risk. No effect was seen on rectal cancer risk. Diets rich in linolenic acid may help prevent colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley M Butler
- 1Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.,2Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- 1Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.,2Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joyce Yongxu Huang
- 1Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA.,2Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jin Su
- 3NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- 1Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- 4Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,5Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon-Nam Ong
- 3NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Bechthold A, Boeing H, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Knüppel S, Iqbal K, De Henauw S, Michels N, Devleesschauwer B, Schlesinger S, Schwingshackl L. Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:1071-1090. [PMID: 29039970 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1392288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing evidence for food-based dietary patterns' potential to reduce cardiovascular disease risk, knowledge about the amounts of food associated with the greatest change in risk of specific cardiovascular outcomes and about the quality of meta-evidence is limited. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the knowledge about the relation between intake of 12 major food groups (whole grains, refined grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages [SSB]) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and heart failure (HF). METHODS We conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase up to March 2017 for prospective studies. Summary risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random effects model for highest versus lowest intake categories, as well as for linear and non-linear relationships. RESULTS Overall, 123 reports were included in the meta-analyses. An inverse association was present for whole grains (RRCHD: 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98), RRHF: 0.96 (0.95-0.97)), vegetables and fruits (RRCHD: 0.97 (0.96-0.99), and 0.94 (0.90-0.97); RRstroke: 0.92 (0.86-0.98), and 0.90 (0.84-0.97)), nuts (RRCHD: 0.67 (0.43-1.05)), and fish consumption (RRCHD: 0.88 (0.79-0.99), RRstroke: 0.86 (0.75-0.99), and RRHF: 0.80 (0.67-0.95)), while a positive association was present for egg (RRHF: 1.16 (1.03-1.31)), red meat (RRCHD: 1.15 (1.08-1.23), RRstroke: 1.12 (1.06-1.17), RRHF: 1.08 (1.02-1.14)), processed meat (RRCHD: 1.27 (1.09-1.49), RRstroke: 1.17 (1.02-1.34), RRHF: 1.12 (1.05-1.19)), and SSB consumption (RRCHD: 1.17 (1.11-1.23), RRstroke: 1.07 (1.02-1.12), RRHF: 1.08 (1.05-1.12)) in the linear dose-response meta-analysis. There were clear indications for non-linear dose-response relationships between whole grains, fruits, nuts, dairy, and red meat and CHD. CONCLUSION An optimal intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, dairy, fish, red and processed meat, eggs and SSB showed an important lower risk of CHD, stroke, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiner Boeing
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- c Department of Nutritional Sciences , University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Sven Knüppel
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Michels
- d Department of Public Health , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- e Department of Public Health and Surveillance , Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- f Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ) at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- b Department of Epidemiology , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE) , Nuthetal , Germany
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25
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Sagawa N, Olson NC, Ahuja V, Vishnu A, Doyle MF, Psaty BM, Jenny NS, Siscovick DS, Lemaitre RN, Steffen LM, Tsai MY, Sekikawa A. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are not associated with circulating T-helper type 1 cells: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 125:37-42. [PMID: 28987720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T-helper type 1 (Th1) cells are pro-inflammatory and provide signals to immune cells. Animal models and in vitro human cell culture experiments have indicated that long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs) reduce Th1 cell levels; however, the association is unknown in healthy humans. We hypothesized that circulating levels and dietary intake of LCn3PUFAs have an inverse association with circulating levels of Th1 cells and studied 895 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (age 61 ± 10 years at exam 1, 52% women, 44% white, 21% African-American, 24% Hispanic-American, 11% Chinese-American). Phospholipid LCn3PUFAs (% of total fatty acids), measured by gas chromatography, and intake of LCn3PUFAs, evaluated by food frequency questionnaire, were evaluated at exam 1 (2000-02) and defined as the sum of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Th1 cells were measured by flow cytometry at exam 4 (2005-07), expressed as a percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes that were interferon-γ+ (%Th1: CD4+IFN-γ+). Median (interquartile range) plasma LCn3PUFA, dietary LCn3PUFA, and %Th1 levels were 4.31% (3.40-5.82%), 0.09 (0.05-0.16) g/day, and 14.4% (9.8-20.0%), respectively. When the association of LCn3PUFA-quartiles with %Th1 was analyzed using general linear models, neither plasma nor dietary LCn3PUFAs were significantly associated with %Th1 (P-trend = 0.58 and 0.80, respectively), which remained even after adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, lipids, season, and cytomegalovirus titers. In this multi-ethnic U.S. population, circulating levels and dietary intake of LCn3PUFAs were not significantly associated with Th1 cell levels. Further research is needed to assess potential benefits of supplementation and much higher dietary consumption of LCn3PUFAs on Th1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sagawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nels C Olson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vasudha Ahuja
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Abhishek Vishnu
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Margaret F Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nancy Swords Jenny
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | | | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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26
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Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Galbete C, Hoffmann G. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1063. [PMID: 28954418 PMCID: PMC5691680 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to gain further insight into the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet (MedD) on risk of overall cancer mortality, risk of different types of cancer, and cancer mortality and recurrence risk in cancer survivors. Literature search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, and Scopus until 25 August 2017. We included randomized trials (RCTs), cohort (for specific tumors only incidence cases were used) studies, and case-control studies. Study-specific risk ratios, hazard ratios, and odds ratios (RR/HR/OR) were pooled using a random effects model. Observational studies (cohort and case-control studies), and intervention trials were meta-analyzed separately. The updated review process showed 27 studies that were not included in the previous meta-analysis (total number of studies evaluated: 83 studies). An overall population of 2,130,753 subjects was included in the present update. The highest adherence score to a MedD was inversely associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality (RRcohort: 0.86, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.91, I² = 82%; n = 14 studies), colorectal cancer (RRobservational: 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.88, I² = 73%; n = 11 studies), breast cancer (RRRCT: 0.43, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.88, n = 1 study) (RRobservational: 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96, I² = 22%, n = 16 studies), gastric cancer (RRobservational: 0.72, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.86, I² = 55%; n = 4 studies), liver cancer (RRobservational: 0.58, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73, I² = 0%; n = 2 studies), head and neck cancer (RRobservational: 0.49, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.66, I² = 87%; n = 7 studies), and prostate cancer (RRobservational: 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.00, I² = 0%; n = 6 studies). Among cancer survivors, the association between the adherence to the highest MedD category and risk of cancer mortality, and cancer recurrence was not statistically significant. Pooled analyses of individual components of the MedD revealed that the protective effects appear to be most attributable to fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The updated meta-analysis confirms an important inverse association between adherence to a MedD and cancer mortality and risk of several cancer types, especially colorectal cancer. These observed beneficial effects are mainly driven by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Moreover, we were able to report for the first time a small decrease in breast cancer risk (6%) by pooling seven cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Carolina Schwedhelm
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Cecilia Galbete
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Georg Hoffmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Seidel DV, Azcárate-Peril MA, Chapkin RS, Turner ND. Shaping functional gut microbiota using dietary bioactives to reduce colon cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:191-204. [PMID: 28676459 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with a variety of lifestyle factors. Alterations in the gut microbiota and the intestinal metabolome are noted during colon carcinogenesis, implicating them as critical contributors or results of the disease process. Diet is a known determinant of health, and as a modifier of the gut microbiota and its metabolism, a critical element in maintenance of intestinal health. This review summarizes recent evidence demonstrating the role and responses of the intestinal microbiota during colon tumorigenesis and the ability of dietary bioactive compounds and probiotics to impact colon health from the intestinal lumen to the epithelium and systemically. We first describe changes to the intestinal microbiome, metabolome, and epithelium associated with colon carcinogenesis. This is followed by a discussion of recent evidence indicating how specific classes of dietary bioactives, prebiotics, or probiotics affect colon carcinogenesis. Lastly, we briefly address the prospects of using multiple 'omics' techniques to integrate the effects of diet, host, and microbiota on colon tumorigenesis with the goal of more fully appreciating the interconnectedness of these systems and thus, how these approaches can be used to advance personalized nutrition strategies and nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek V Seidel
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
| | - M Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- Department of Medicine GI Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA.
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
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28
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Matos J, Cardoso C, Bandarra NM, Afonso C. Microalgae as healthy ingredients for functional food: a review. Food Funct 2017; 8:2672-2685. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00409e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are very interesting and valuable natural sources of highly valuable bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals, carotenoids, enzymes and fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matos
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - C. Cardoso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - N. M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - C. Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading
- Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere
- IPMA
- 1449-006 Lisboa
- Portugal
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29
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Cehreli R, Akpinar H, Artmann AT, Sagol O. Effects of Glutamine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Erythrocyte Deformability and Oxidative Damage in Rat Model of Enterocolitis. Gastroenterology Res 2016; 8:265-273. [PMID: 27785307 PMCID: PMC5051045 DOI: 10.14740/gr683w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to investigate preventive effects of glutamine (Gln), omega-3 fatty acids (FA) on erythrocyte deformability (EDEF) in rat model of indomethacin-induced enterocolitis. Methods Nineteen Wistar albino male rats were divided into three groups: control group, colitis induced by indomethacin and were fed with a standard laboratory diet (group 1), and colitis induced by indomethacin and were also fed with Gln, omega-3 FA (group 2). An investigation was performed in a rat model of experimental colitis induced by subcutaneous injections of 2 mL intdomethacine solution applied at 24 and 48 hours intervals to male Wistar rats for 14 days. Gln and omega-3 FA were added to the daily standard diets of the animals during 14 days of injections. During the study, changes in body weight were evaluated. The intestines were examined, and colitis was macroscopic and histologically scored. The circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukine-1β (IL-1β), erythrocyte transit time (ETT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were determined in addition to calculation of EDEF indices in all groups. Results No significant differences in body weight changes could be determined between the standard diet and special diet groups at the end of the experiment. After macroscopic and microscopic scoring, in all of the groups that colitis was found induced, the lowest microscopic score was observed in the group 2. But Gln and omega-3 FA supplemented diet did not change the mean macroscopic and histological scores in all rats. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels were significantly higher in group 1 and group 2 compared to the control group. Effects of the diet on circulating TNF-α and IL-1β levels were found correlated with inflammation but statistically significant differences were not found in the group 1 and group 2 (P < 0.05). The ETT and TBARS levels in standard and special diet groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, EDEF indices which are an important parameter of the study were decreased in indomethacin-induced enterocolitis groups that fed with standard and special diet. Conclusions Increases in ETT and TBARS levels did not return to normal by addition of Gln and omega-3 FA to diet. Our results suggest that determination of effective optimal doses and route of administration for these nutrients may play an important role in reducing EDEF and microvascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksan Cehreli
- Department of Prevantive Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Dokuz Eylul University Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Hale Akpinar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Temiz Artmann
- Department of Cell Biophysics and Cellular Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Germany
| | - Ozgul Sagol
- Department of Pathology, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Inciralti, Izmir 35340, Turkey
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30
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Baroudi O, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Involvement of genetic factors and lifestyle on the occurrence of colorectal and gastric cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 107:72-81. [PMID: 27823653 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are diseases due to genetic and environmental factors. In this present work we are interested in the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers in Tunisian population. We found that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with colorectal cancer (P<0.04) but not with gastric cancer. In addition, we have shown that alcohol is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, but the consumption of cheese is protective. Furthermore, we studied tymidylate synthase gene involved in folate metabolism. Indeed, we observed that the 5'UTR repeat polymorphism, is associated with risk of colorectal cancer, and the LL genotype (3R/3R) was significantly frequent in patients with colorectal cancer compared to controls (p=0.002; OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.4-5.2). While we found that SL genotype (2R/3R) was associated with risk of gastric cancer (p=0.015; OR=4.46, 95% CI=1.08-19-64). This polymorphism was also shown to be a predictor of response to chemotherapy based 5'-fluorouracil. However, we are interested in studying the GPX -1 gene involved in phase I metabolism of xenobiotics. We therefore evaluated the risk of TT genotype in GPX-1 C599T polymorphism with the onset of gastric cancer (P=0.0001; OR=5.41, 95% CI 1.98 to 15.58) and colorectal cancer (P=0.00008; OR=4.40, 95% CI 1.93 to 10.27). To clarify the possible relationship between environmental factors and the occurrence of the disease, we studied the additive effect of risk genotype and behavior in order to highlight the interaction of gene-environment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Baroudi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Immunologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis EL MANAR, Tunisia.
| | - Amel Benammar-Elgaaied
- Laboratoire de Génétique Immunologie et Pathologie Humaine, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis EL MANAR, Tunisia
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31
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Basson A, Trotter A, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F. Mucosal Interactions between Genetics, Diet, and Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:290. [PMID: 27531998 PMCID: PMC4970383 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reviews have discussed gut microbiota composition changes during inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), particularly Crohn’s disease (CD). However, most studies address the observed effects by focusing on studying the univariate connection between disease and dietary-induced alterations to gut microbiota composition. The possibility that these effects may reflect a number of other interconnected (i.e., pantropic) mechanisms, activated in parallel, particularly concerning various bacterial metabolites, is in the process of being elucidated. Progress seems, however, hampered by various difficult-to-study factors interacting at the mucosal level. Here, we highlight some of such factors that merit consideration, namely: (1) the contribution of host genetics and diet in altering gut microbiome, and in turn, the crosstalk among secondary metabolic pathways; (2) the interdependence between the amount of dietary fat, the fatty acid composition, the effects of timing and route of administration on gut microbiota community, and the impact of microbiota-derived fatty acids; (3) the effect of diet on bile acid composition, and the modulator role of bile acids on the gut microbiota; (4) the impact of endogenous and exogenous intestinal micronutrients and metabolites; and (5) the need to consider food associated toxins and chemicals, which can introduce confounding immune modulating elements (e.g., antioxidant and phytochemicals in oils and proteins). These concepts, which are not mutually exclusive, are herein illustrated paying special emphasis on physiologically inter-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Basson
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Ashley Trotter
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Fabio Cominelli
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Morin C, Blier PU, Fortin S. MAG-EPA reduces severity of DSS-induced colitis in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G808-21. [PMID: 27012773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00136.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the large bowel. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplementation has been associated with a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines involved in UC pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the preventive and therapeutic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in an in vivo rats model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DSS rats were untreated or treated per os with MAG-EPA. Morphological, histological, and biochemical analyses were performed following MAG-EPA administrations. Morphological and histological analyses revealed that MAG-EPA pretreatment (12 days pre-DSS) and treatment (6 days post-DSS) exhibited strong activity in reducing severity of disease in DSS rats. Following MAG-EPA administrations, tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were markedly lower compared with rats treated only with DSS. MAG-EPA per os administration decrease neutrophil infiltration in colon tissues, as depicted by myelohyperoxidase activity. Results also revealed a reduced activation of NF-κB pathways correlated with a decreased expression of COX-2 in colon homogenates derived from MAG-EPA-pretreated and treated rats. Tension measurements performed on colon tissues revealed that contractile responses to methacholine and relaxing effect induced by sodium nitroprusside were largely increased following MAG-EPA treatment. The combined treatment of MAG-EPA and vitamin E displayed an antagonistic effect on anti-inflammatory properties of MAG-EPA in DSS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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Wei H, Zhou Y, Jiang S, Huang F, Peng J, Jiang S. Transcriptional response of porcine skeletal muscle to feeding a linseed-enriched diet to growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2016; 7:6. [PMID: 26862397 PMCID: PMC4746901 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-016-0064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of feeding a linseed-enriched diet to growing-finishing pigs on gene expression in skeletal muscle, pigs were fed with a linseed-enriched diet for 0, 30, 60 and 90 d. Transcriptional profiles of longissimus dorsi muscle were measured using Affymetrix Genechip. RESULTS Results showed that 264 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The strongest transcriptional response was clearly observed at 30 d. DEGs were assigned to several main functional terms, including transcription, apoptosis, intracellular receptor-mediated signaling, muscle organ development, fatty acid metabolic process, cell motion, regulation of glucose metabolic process, spermatogenesis and regulation of myeloid cell differentiation. We also found that transcriptional changs of several transcription cofactors might contribute to n-3 PUFAs regulated gene expression. In addition, the increased expression of IGF-1, insulin signaling pathway and the metabolism of amino acids might involve in the muscle growth induced by feeding a linseed-enriched diet. The results also provide the new evidence that the expression changes of PTPN1, HK2 and PGC-1α might contribute to the regulation of insulin sensitivity by n-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our finding provided correlative evidence that feeding the linseed enriched diet affact expression of genes involved in insulin signaling pathway and the metabolism of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkui Wei
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Shuzhong Jiang
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Feiruo Huang
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Jian Peng
- />Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- />Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 P. R. China
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Triantafyllidis I, Poutahidis T, Taitzoglou I, Kesisoglou I, Lazaridis C, Botsios D. Treatment with Mesna and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorates experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:433-43. [PMID: 26852691 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage is a central feature of ulcerative colitis. Here, we tested whether the antioxidant Mesna, when administered alone or in combination with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), affects the outcome of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. After the induction of colitis, DSS-treated rats were further treated orally (p.o), intraperitoneally (i.p) or intrarectally (i.r) for either 7 or 14 days with Mesna, n-3 PUFAs or both. Rats were euthanized at the end of each treatment period. Clinical disease activity index was recorded throughout the experiment. At necropsy colorectal gross lesions were scored. Colitis was scored histologically, and the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κΒ) in colonic tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Mesna alone was sufficient to significantly reduce colorectal tissue damage when administered orally or intraperitoneally. Orally coadministered n-3 PUFAs enhanced this effect, resulting in the significant suppression of DSS colitis after 7 days, and a remarkable recovery of colorectal mucosa was evident after 14 days of treatment. The amelioration of colon pathology co-existed with a significant decrease in MPO expression, overexpression of iNOS and reduction of nuclear NF-κB p65 in inflammatory cells, and the suppression of apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells. The simultaneous administration of Mesna and n-3 PUFAs is particularly effective in ameliorating DSS colitis in rats, by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, probably through a mechanism that involves the inhibition of NF-κB and overexpression of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theofilos Poutahidis
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Taitzoglou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isaak Kesisoglou
- 3rd Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Lazaridis
- 4th Department of Surgery, Papanikolaou University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Botsios
- 4th Department of Surgery, Papanikolaou University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Shah MS, Kim E, Davidson LA, Knight JM, Zoh RS, Goldsby JS, Callaway ES, Zhou B, Ivanov I, Chapkin RS. Comparative effects of diet and carcinogen on microRNA expression in the stem cell niche of the mouse colonic crypt. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:121-34. [PMID: 26493444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that noncoding microRNAs (miRNA) are modulated by select chemoprotective dietary agents. For example, recently we demonstrated that the unique combination of dietary fish oil (containing n-3 fatty acids) plus pectin (fermented to butyrate in the colon) (FPA) up-regulates a subset of putative tumor suppressor miRNAs in intestinal mucosa, and down-regulates their predicted target genes following carcinogen exposure as compared to control (corn oil plus cellulose (CCA)) diet. To further elucidate the biological effects of diet and carcinogen modulated miR's in the colon, we verified that miR-26b and miR-203 directly target PDE4B and TCF4, respectively. Since perturbations in adult stem cell dynamics are generally believed to represent an early step in colon tumorigenesis and to better understand how the colonic stem cell population responds to environmental factors such as diet and carcinogen, we additionally determined the effects of the chemoprotective FPA diet on miRNAs and mRNAs in colonic stem cells obtained from Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-creER(T2) knock-in mice. Following global miRNA profiling, 26 miRNAs (P<0.05) were differentially expressed in Lgr5(high) stem cells as compared to Lgr5(negative) differentiated cells. FPA treatment up-regulated miR-19b, miR-26b and miR-203 expression as compared to CCA specifically in Lgr5(high) cells. In contrast, in Lgr5(negative) cells, only miR-19b and its indirect target PTK2B were modulated by the FPA diet. These data indicate for the first time that select dietary cues can impact stem cell regulatory networks, in part, by modulating the steady-state levels of miRNAs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize Lgr5(+) reporter mice to determine the impact of diet and carcinogen on miRNA expression in colonic stem cells and their progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasvi S Shah
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Intercollegiate Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Divison of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Departments of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Laurie A Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jason M Knight
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Roger S Zoh
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer S Goldsby
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Evelyn S Callaway
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Beyian Zhou
- Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Intercollegiate Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
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36
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Way Forward in Times of Mixed Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:143109. [PMID: 26301240 PMCID: PMC4537707 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost forty years ago, it was first hypothesized that an increased dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish fat could exert protective effects against several pathologies. Decades of intense preclinical investigation have supported this hypothesis in a variety of model systems. Several clinical cardiovascular studies demonstrated the beneficial health effects of omega-3 PUFA, leading medical institutions worldwide to publish recommendations for their increased intake. However, particularly in recent years, contradictory results have been obtained in human studies focusing on cardiovascular disease and the clinical evidence in other diseases, particularly chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, was never established to a degree that led to clear approval of treatment with omega-3 PUFA. Recent data not in line with the previous findings have sparked a debate on the health efficacy of omega-3 PUFA and the usefulness of increasing their intake for the prevention of a number of pathologies. In this review, we aim to examine the controversies on the possible use of these fatty acids as preventive/curative tools against the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, as well as several kinds of cancer.
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37
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Fish consumption and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:155-61. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Gibson DL, Gill SK, Brown K, Tasnim N, Ghosh S, Innis S, Jacobson K. Maternal exposure to fish oil primes offspring to harbor intestinal pathobionts associated with altered immune cell balance. Gut Microbes 2015; 6:24-32. [PMID: 25559197 PMCID: PMC4615215 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2014.997610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that offspring from rat dams fed fish oil (at 8% and 18% energy), developed impaired intestinal barriers sensitizing the colon to exacerbated injury later in life. To discern the mechanism, we hypothesized that in utero exposure to fish oil, rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), caused abnormal intestinal reparative responses to mucosal injury through differences in intestinal microbiota and the presence of naïve immune cells. To identify such mechanisms, gut microbes and naïve immune cells were compared between rat pups born to dams fed either n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA or breeder chow. Maternal exposure to either of the PUFA rich diets altered the development of the intestinal microbiota with an overall reduction in microbial density. Using qPCR, we found that each type of PUFA differentially altered the major gut phyla; fish oil increased Bacteroidetes and safflower oil increased Firmicutes. Both PUFA diets reduced microbes known to dominate the infant gut like Enterobacteriaceae and Bifidobacteria spp. when compared to the chow group. Uniquely, maternal fish oil diets resulted in offspring showing blooms of opportunistic pathogens like Bilophila wadsworthia, Enterococcus faecium and Bacteroides fragilis in their gut microbiota. As well, fish oil groups showed a reduction in colonic CD8+ T cells, CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells and arginase+ M2 macrophages. In conclusion, fish oil supplementation in pharmacological excess, at 18% by energy as shown in this study, provides an example where excess dosing in utero can prime offspring to harbor intestinal pathobionts and alter immune cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DL Gibson
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada,Correspondence to: DL Gibson;
| | - SK Gill
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - K Brown
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - N Tasnim
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia Okanagan; Kelowna, BC Canada
| | - S Innis
- Department of Pediatrics; Division Gastroenterology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - K Jacobson
- Department of Pediatrics; Division Gastroenterology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
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40
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Zhang H, Hu CAA, Kovacs-Nolan J, Mine Y. Bioactive dietary peptides and amino acids in inflammatory bowel disease. Amino Acids 2014; 47:2127-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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41
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Shah A, Chen D, Boda AR, Foster LJ, Davis MJ, Hill MM. RaftProt: mammalian lipid raft proteome database. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 43:D335-8. [PMID: 25392410 PMCID: PMC4383944 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RaftProt (http://lipid-raft-database.di.uq.edu.au/) is a database of mammalian lipid raft-associated proteins as reported in high-throughput mass spectrometry studies. Lipid rafts are specialized membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids thought to act as dynamic signalling and sorting platforms. Given their fundamental roles in cellular regulation, there is a plethora of information on the size, composition and regulation of these membrane microdomains, including a large number of proteomics studies. To facilitate the mining and analysis of published lipid raft proteomics studies, we have developed a searchable database RaftProt. In addition to browsing the studies, performing basic queries by protein and gene names, searching experiments by cell, tissue and organisms; we have implemented several advanced features to facilitate data mining. To address the issue of potential bias due to biochemical preparation procedures used, we have captured the lipid raft preparation methods and implemented advanced search option for methodology and sample treatment conditions, such as cholesterol depletion. Furthermore, we have identified a list of high confidence proteins, and enabled searching only from this list of likely bona fide lipid raft proteins. Given the apparent biological importance of lipid raft and their associated proteins, this database would constitute a key resource for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Shah
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Chen
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Akash R Boda
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Gurzell EA, Wiesinger JA, Morkam C, Hemmrich S, Harris WS, Fenton JI. Is the omega-3 index a valid marker of intestinal membrane phospholipid EPA+DHA content? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:87-96. [PMID: 24913088 PMCID: PMC4127132 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies investigating n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), the extent to which dietary n-3 LCPUFAs incorporate in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues and correlate with red blood cell (RBC) n-3 LCPUFA content is unknown. In this study, mice were fed three diets with increasing percent of energy (%en) derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Dietary levels reflected recommended intakes of fish/fish oil by the American Heart Association. We analyzed the FA composition of phospholipids extracted from RBCs, plasma, and GI tissues. We observed that the 0.1%en EPA+DHA diet was sufficient to significantly increase the omega-3 index (RBC EPA+DHA) after 5 week feeding. The baseline EPA levels were 0.2-0.6% across all tissues increasing to 1.6-4.3% in the highest EPA+DHA diet; these changes resulted in absolute increases of 1.4-3.9% EPA across tissues. The baseline DHA levels were 2.2-5.9% across all tissues increasing to 5.8-10.5% in the highest EPA+DHA diet; these changes resulted in absolute increases of 3.2-5.7% DHA across tissues. These increases in EPA and DHA across all tissues resulted in strong (r>0.91) and significant (P<0.001) linear correlations between the omega-3 index and plasma/GI tissue EPA+DHA content, suggesting that the omega-3 index reflects the relative amounts of EPA+DHA in GI tissues. These data demonstrate that the GI tissues are highly responsive to dietary LCPUFA supplementation and that the omega-3 index can serve as a valid biomarker for assessing dietary EPA+DHA incorporation into GI tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Gurzell
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, MI, United States
| | - Jason A Wiesinger
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, MI, United States
| | - Christina Morkam
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, MI, United States
| | - Sophia Hemmrich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, MI, United States
| | - William S Harris
- Sanford School of Medicine, The University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD (WSH), United States
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, MI, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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Calder PC. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:469-84. [PMID: 25149823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 927] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a condition which contributes to a range of human diseases. It involves a multitude of cell types, chemical mediators, and interactions. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids found in oily fish and fish oil supplements. These fatty acids are able to partly inhibit a number of aspects of inflammation including leukocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte-endothelial adhesive interactions, production of eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes from the n-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid, production of inflammatory cytokines, and T-helper 1 lymphocyte reactivity. In addition, EPA gives rise to eicosanoids that often have lower biological potency than those produced from arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory actions of marine n-3 fatty acids include altered cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, disruption of lipid rafts, inhibition of activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B so reducing expression of inflammatory genes, activation of the anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ and binding to the G protein coupled receptor GPR120. These mechanisms are interlinked, although the full extent of this is not yet elucidated. Animal experiments demonstrate benefit from marine n-3 fatty acids in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Clinical trials of fish oil in RA demonstrate benefit, but clinical trials of fish oil in IBD and asthma are inconsistent with no overall clear evidence of efficacy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Calder
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Antagonizing arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids reduces inflammatory Th17 and Th1 cell-mediated inflammation and colitis severity. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:917149. [PMID: 25136149 PMCID: PMC4127240 DOI: 10.1155/2014/917149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During colitis, activation of two inflammatory T cell subsets, Th17 and Th1 cells, promotes ongoing intestinal inflammatory responses. n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid- (PUFA-) derived eicosanoids, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), promote Th17 cell-mediated inflammation, while n-3 PUFA antagonize both Th17 and Th1 cells and suppress PGE2 levels. We utilized two genetic mouse models, which differentially antagonize PGE2 levels, to examine the effect on Th17 cells and disease outcomes in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced colitis. Fat-1 mice contain the ω3 desaturase gene from C. elegans and synthesize n-3 PUFA de novo, thereby reducing the biosynthesis of n-6 PUFA-derived eicosanoids. In contrast, Fads1 Null mice contain a disrupted Δ5 desaturase gene and produce lower levels of n-6 PUFA-derived eicosanoids. Compared to Wt littermates, Fat-1 and Fads1 Null mice exhibited a similar colitic phenotype characterized by reduced colonic mucosal inflammatory eicosanoid levels and mRNA expression of Th17 cell markers (IL-17A, RORγτ, and IL-23), decreased percentages of Th17 cells and, improved colon injury scores (P ≤ 0.05). Thus, during colitis, similar outcomes were obtained in two genetically distinct models, both of which antagonize PGE2 levels via different mechanisms. Our data highlight the critical impact of n-6 PUFA-derived eicosanoids in the promotion of Th17 cell-mediated colonic inflammation.
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Penedo LA, Nunes JC, Gama MAS, Leite PEC, Quirico-Santos TF, Torres AG. Intake of butter naturally enriched with cis9,trans11 conjugated linoleic acid reduces systemic inflammatory mediators in healthy young adults. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 24:2144-51. [PMID: 24231103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) depletion-repletion study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary c9,t11 CLA on C-reactive protein, transcription factor NFκB, metalloproteinases 2 and 9, inflammatory mediators (adiponectin, TNFα, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10), body composition, and erythrocyte membrane composition in healthy normal-weight human adults. CLA depletion was achieved through an 8-week period of restricted dairy fat intake (depletion phase; CLA intake was 5.2±5.8 mg/day), followed by an 8-week period in which individuals consumed 20 g/day of butter naturally enriched with c9,t11 CLA (repletion phase; CLA intake of 1020±167 mg/day). The participants were 29 healthy adult volunteers (19 women and 10 men, aged 22 to 36 years), with body mass index between 18.0 and 29.9 kg m(-2). Blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of both depletion and repletion phases. The content of CLA in erythrocytes decreased during CLA-depletion and increased during CLA-repletion. Intake of CLA-enriched butter increased the serum levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 but reduced transcription factor NFκB in blood and serum levels of TNFα, IL-2, IL-8 and inactive metalloproteinase-9. Moreover, reduced activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in serum was observed during the CLA-repletion period. In contrast, intake of CLA-enriched butter had no effects on body composition (DXA analysis) as well as on serum levels of adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and IL-4. Taken together, our results indicate that the intake of a c9,t11 CLA-enriched butter by normal-weight subjects induces beneficial changes in immune modulators associated with sub-clinical inflammation in overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia A Penedo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional e de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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Nutrition in pelvic radiation disease and inflammatory bowel disease: similarities and differences. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:716579. [PMID: 24982906 PMCID: PMC4058479 DOI: 10.1155/2014/716579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the intestinal inflammation, tissue damage, and painful abdominal symptoms restricting dietary intake associated with both diseases, patients with intestinal pelvic radiation disease (PRD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk to develop protein calorie malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. In the current paper, we review the nutritional management of both diseases, listing the similar approaches of nutritional management and the nutritional implications of intestinal dysfunction of both diseases. Malnutrition is prevalent in patients with either disease and nutritional risk screening and assessment of nutritional status are required for designing the proper nutritional intervention plan. This plan may include dietary management, oral nutritional supplementation, and enteral and/or parenteral nutrition. In addition to managing malnutrition, nutrients exert immune modulating effects during periods of intestinal inflammation and can play a role in mitigating the risks associated with the disease activity. Consistently, exclusive enteral feeding is recommended for inducing remission in pediatric patients with active Crohn's disease, with less clear guidelines on use in patients with ulcerative colitis. The field of immune modulating nutrition is an evolving science that takes into consideration the specific mechanism of action of nutrients, nutrient-nutrient interaction, and preexisting nutritional status of the patients.
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Hofmanová J, Straková N, Vaculová AH, Tylichová Z, Šafaříková B, Skender B, Kozubík A. Interaction of dietary fatty acids with tumour necrosis factor family cytokines during colon inflammation and cancer. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:848632. [PMID: 24876678 PMCID: PMC4021685 DOI: 10.1155/2014/848632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is precisely regulated by a number of endogenous regulatory molecules but significantly influenced by dietary compounds. Malfunction of this system may result in chronic inflammation and cancer. Dietary essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and short-chain fatty acid butyrate produced from fibre display anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Both compounds were shown to modulate the production and activities of TNF family cytokines. Cytokines from the TNF family (TNF- α, TRAIL, and FasL) have potent inflammatory activities and can also regulate apoptosis, which plays an important role in cancer development. The results of our own research showed enhancement of apoptosis in colon cancer cells by a combination of either docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or butyrate with TNF family cytokines, especially by promotion of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and modulation of NF κ B activity. This review is focused mainly on the interaction of dietary PUFAs and butyrate with these cytokines during colon inflammation and cancer development. We summarised recent knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in such effects and outcomes for intestinal cell behaviour and pathologies. Finally, the possible application for the prevention and therapy of colon inflammation and cancer is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Straková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tylichová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Šafaříková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Belma Skender
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Fish intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 15 case-control and cohort studies. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94601. [PMID: 24732053 PMCID: PMC3986104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous epidemiological studies have shown that fish consumption may modify the risk of ovarian cancer. However, these studies yielded controversial results. The present meta-analysis was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between fish intake and ovarian cancer risk. Methods A literature search was carried out using Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database for all relevant studies up to August 2013. We pooled the relative risks (RR) from individual studies using fixed-effect or random-effect model, and carried out heterogeneity and publication bias analyses. Results A total of 15 (ten case–control, and five cohort) studies were included in the present meta-analysis, representing data for 889,033 female subjects and 6,087 ovarian cancer cases. We found that total fish intake was not significantly associated with the risk of ovarian cancer among cohort studies (RR = 1.04 95% CI [0.89, 1.22]) as well as case–control studies (RR = 0.90, 95% CI [0.73,1.12]). There was no evidence of publication bias as suggested by Begg's test (P = 0.55) and Egger's test(P = 0.29). Conclusions The present meta-analysis showed that total fish consumption was not significantly associated with the risk of ovarian cancer. Further analysis on different fish species and food preparation methods should be conducted in future studies.
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Baroudi O, Chaaben AB, Mezlini A, Moussa A, Omrane I, Jilson I, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Chabchoub S. Impact of lifestyle factors and nutrients intake on occurrence of gastrointestinal cancer in Tunisian population. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5815-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1771-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Bai HW, Qian YY, Shi BY, Li G, Fan Y, Wang Z, Yuan M, Liu LP. The association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81939. [PMID: 24312383 PMCID: PMC3842978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several case-control studies and cohort studies have investigated the association between fish intake and renal cancer risk, however, they yielded conflicting results. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer has not been reported. Hence, we conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis to quantify the association between fish consumption and renal cancer. Methods A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database for case-control and cohort studies that assessed fish intake and risk of renal cancer. Two authors independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were also performed. Results A total of 12 case-control studies and three cohort studies published between 1990 and 2011 were included in the meta-analysis, involving 9,324 renal cancer cases and 608,753 participants. Meta-analysis showed that fish consumption did not significantly affect the risk of renal cancer (RR=0.99, 95% CI [0.92,1.07]). In our subgroup analyses, the results were not substantially affected by study design, region, gender, and confounder adjustments. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of results. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggested that there was no significant association between fish consumption and risk of renal cancer. More in-depth studies are warranted to report more detailed results, including stratified results by fish type, preparation method, and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Bai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-yong Qian
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-yi Shi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-peng Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Organ Transplantation of PLA, 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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