1
|
Sun P, Yue J, Lu C, Ji K, Yang R, Lu J, Song X, Hu H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Xu Y. Targeting urinary calcium oxalate crystallization with inulin-type AOFOS from Aspidopterys obcordata Hemsl. for the management of rat urolithiasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118149. [PMID: 38580188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calcium oxalate crystals play a key role in the development and recurrence of kidney stones (also known as urolithiasis); thus, inhibiting the formation of these crystals is a central focus of urolithiasis prevention and treatment. Previously, we reported the noteworthy in vitro inhibitory effects of Aspidopterys obcordata fructo oligosaccharide (AOFOS), an active polysaccharide of the traditional Dai medicine Aspidopterys obcordata Hemsl. (commonly known as Hei Gai Guan), on the growth of calcium oxalate crystals. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigated the effectiveness and mechanism of AOFOS in treating kidney stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS A kidney stones rats model was developed, followed by examining AOFOS transport dynamics and effectiveness in live rats. Additionally, a correlation between the polysaccharide and calcium oxalate crystals was studied by combining crystallization experiments with density functional theory calculations. RESULTS The results showed that the polysaccharide was transported to the urinary system. Furthermore, their accumulation was inhibited by controlling their crystallization and modulating calcium ion and oxalate properties in the urine. Consequently, this approach helped effectively prevent kidney stone formation in the rats. CONCLUSIONS The present study emphasized the role of the polysaccharide AOFOS in modulating crystal properties and controlling crystal growth, providing valuable insights into their potential therapeutic use in managing kidney stone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jiarui Yue
- Dehong Vocational College, Mangshi, 678400, Yunnan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chuanli Lu
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510316, China
| | - Kailong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Raoqiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xingzhen Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Huabin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | | | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Youkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Zhao L, Xiao X, Zhang X, He L, Zhang Q. Association of dietary carbohydrate and fiber ratio with postmenopausal bone mineral density and prevalence of osteoporosis: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297332. [PMID: 38354209 PMCID: PMC10866481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the associations of carbohydrate to dietary fiber ratio with bone mineral density (BMD) and the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. METHODS This cross-sectional study retrieved the data of 2829 postmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Weighted univariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the correlations of carbohydrate, dietary fiber, or carbohydrate to fiber ratio with osteoporosis. RESULTS Higher dietary fiber intake was correlated with decreased odds ratio of osteoporosis [odds ratio(OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93 to 0.99]. The odds ratio of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women was elevated as the increase of carbohydrate to fiber ratio (OR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.10 to 2.96). Carbohydrate to fiber ratio >17.09 was related to increased odds ratio of osteoporosis (OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.56). Compared to the carbohydrate to fiber ratio ≤11.59 group, carbohydrate to fiber ratio >17.09 was associated with decreased total femur BMD (β = -0.015, 95%CI: -0.028 to -0.001) and femur neck BMD (β = -0.020, 95%CI: -0.033 to -0.006) in postmenopausal women. The femur neck BMD in postmenopausal women was decreased with the increase of carbohydrate to fiber ratio (β = -0.015, 95%CI: -0.028 to -0.001). CONCLUSION In postmenopausal women, a high carbohydrate/fiber ratio >17.09 is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and lower hip BMD and high fiber intake is associated with less osteoporosis and higher hip BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liubiqi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangxi Guigang people’s Hospital, Guigang, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gotoh S, Kitaguchi K, Yabe T. Pectin Modulates Calcium Absorption in Polarized Caco-2 Cells via a Pathway Distinct from Vitamin D Stimulation. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2023; 70:59-66. [PMID: 38143569 PMCID: PMC10738857 DOI: 10.5458/jag.jag.jag-2022_0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin, a type of soluble fiber, promotes morphological changes in the small intestinal villi. Although its physiological significance is unknown, we hypothesized that changes in villus morphology enhance the efficiency of nutrient absorption in the small intestine and investigated the effect of pectin derived from persimmon on calcium absorption using polarized Caco-2 cells. In polarized Caco-2 cells, pectin altered the mRNA expression levels of substances involved in calcium absorption and the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration and significantly reduced calcium absorption. Although this was comparable to the results of absorption and permeability associated with the addition of active vitamin D, the simultaneous action of pectin and active vitamin D did not show any additive effects. Furthermore, as active vitamin D significantly increases the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is known to be involved in the regulation of intestinal absorption of calcium and lipids, we also investigated the effect of pectin on intestinal ALP activity. As a result, it was found that, unlike the effect of active vitamin D, pectin significantly reduced intestinal ALP activity. These results suggest that pectin stimulates polarized Caco-2 cells through a mechanism distinct from the regulation of calcium absorption by vitamin D, modulating total calcium absorption from the elongated villi through morphological changes in the small intestine by suppressing it at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Gotoh
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
- Preemptive Food Research Center (PFRC), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study
| | - Tomio Yabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
- Preemptive Food Research Center (PFRC), Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sayegh M, Ni QQ, Ranawana V, Raikos V, Hayward NJ, Hayes HE, Duncan G, Cantlay L, Farquharson F, Solvang M, Horgan GW, Louis P, Russell WR, Clegg M, Thies F, Neacsu M. Habitual consumption of high-fibre bread fortified with bean hulls increased plasma indole-3-propionic concentration and decreased putrescine and deoxycholic acid faecal concentrations in healthy volunteers. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1521-1536. [PMID: 36847278 PMCID: PMC10551484 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Only 6 to 8 % of the UK adults meet the daily recommendation for dietary fibre. Fava bean processing lead to vast amounts of high-fibre by-products such as hulls. Bean hull fortified bread was formulated to increase and diversify dietary fibre while reducing waste. This study assessed the bean hull: suitability as a source of dietary fibre; the systemic and microbial metabolism of its components and postprandial events following bean hull bread rolls. Nine healthy participants (53·9 ± 16·7 years) were recruited for a randomised controlled crossover study attending two 3 days intervention sessions, involving the consumption of two bread rolls per day (control or bean hull rolls). Blood and faecal samples were collected before and after each session and analysed for systemic and microbial metabolites of bread roll components using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC analysis. Satiety, gut hormones, glucose, insulin and gastric emptying biomarkers were also measured. Two bean hull rolls provided over 85 % of the daily recommendation for dietary fibre; but despite being a rich source of plant metabolites (P = 0·04 v. control bread), these had poor systemic bioavailability. Consumption of bean hull rolls for 3 days significantly increased plasma concentration of indole-3-propionic acid (P = 0·009) and decreased faecal concentration of putrescine (P = 0·035) and deoxycholic acid (P = 0·046). However, it had no effect on postprandial plasma gut hormones, bacterial composition and faecal short chain fatty acids amount. Therefore, bean hulls require further processing to improve their bioactives systemic availability and fibre fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Sayegh
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Qian Qian Ni
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Vassilios Raikos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Helen E. Hayes
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gary Duncan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Louise Cantlay
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Michael Solvang
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Graham W. Horgan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
- BIOSS Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Petra Louis
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Miriam Clegg
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK
| | - Frank Thies
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Madalina Neacsu
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, AberdeenAB25 2ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Puangpathanachai M, Pongsawasdi P, Pichyangkura R. Energy- and evolution-based design of inulosucrase for enhanced thermostability and inulin production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6831-6843. [PMID: 37688600 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Inulosucrase from Lactobacillus reuteri 121 (LrInu) exhibits promise in the synthesis of prebiotic inulin and fructooligosaccharides. However, for its use in industry, LrInu's thermostability is a crucial consideration. In this study, the computational program FireProt was used to predict the thermostable variants of LrInu. Using rational criteria, nine variants were selected for protein expression and characterization. The G237P variant was determined to be the greatest designed candidate due to its greatly enhanced stability and activity in comparison to the wild-type enzyme. The optimum temperature of G237P increased from 50 to 60°C, with an over 5-fold increase in the half-life. Spectroscopy studies revealed that the G237P mutation could prevent the structural change in LrInu caused by heat or urea treatment. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the enhanced thermostability of the G237P variant resulted from an increase in structural rigidity and the number of native contacts within the protein molecule. In addition, G237P variant synthesizes inulin with greater efficiency than WT. KEY POINTS: • Thermostable inulosucrase variant(s) were designed by Fireprot server. • G237P variant showed significantly improved thermostability compared to the wild type. • Inulin is synthesized more efficiently by G237P variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Y, He D, Yu B, Chen D. Effects of Different Types of Dietary Fibers on Lipid Metabolism and Bile Acids in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3266. [PMID: 37893990 PMCID: PMC10603699 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber on the serum biochemistry, bile acid profile, and gut microbiota in piglets. Twenty-four pigs (initial body weight: 10.53 ± 1.23 kg) were randomly divided into three treatments with eight replicate pens of one pig per pen for 21 d. The dietary treatments consisted of the following: (1) a fiber-free diet (NS); (2) a fiber-free diet + 3% fructooligosaccharides (SI); (3) a fiber-free diet + 3% dietary fiber mixture (fructooligosaccharides, long-chain inulin, and microcrystalline cellulose at the ratio 1:1:1; MIX). The results showed that compared with the NS group, the 3% SI diet reduced the serum total cholesterol (TC) concentration of the piglets (p < 0.05). The metabolomics results showed that the 3% SI diet increased the level of taurohyocholic acid (THCA) and α-muricholic acid, and the 3% MIX diet increased the level of THCA and cholic acid (p < 0.05). The use of 3% SI or MIX decreased the glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) level in the bile of the piglets (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis shows that the GDCA was positively related to the TC. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that UCG-002 and Holdemanella were enriched in the SI group, while Bacteroides was enriched in the MIX group. The microbial function prediction indicated that SI supplementation tended to elevate the relative abundance of gut bacteria capable of expressing bile acid-metabolizing enzymes. To sum up, the regulatory effect of dietary fiber on lipid metabolism is related to bile acids in piglets. Compared with MIX, SI is more likely to regulate bile acids through the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.H.)
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Y.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cao C, Jin X, Ding Q, Zhu J, Yang D, Fan B. The altered composition of gut microbiota and biochemical features as well as dietary patterns in a southern Chinese population with recurrent renal calcium oxalate stones. Urolithiasis 2023; 51:95. [PMID: 37458823 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-023-01467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The correlation among gut microbiota, biochemical features, and dietary patterns in recurrent stone formers has been inadequately investigated in the Chinese population. Forty-two patients with calcium oxalate stones (CaOxS group), including 34 recurrent stone formers (RS group), and 40 nonstone healthy subjects (NS group) from Changshu Hospital Affiliated with Soochow University, were prospectively recruited. Food frequency questionnaires were completed by participants, fasting vein blood was extracted, 24-h urine was collected for biochemical detection, and fecal samples were gathered for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. BMI; serum levels of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), magnesium, and creatinine; and urine levels of magnesium in stone formers were significantly different from those of controls, and RS patients showed significantly low serum phosphate and high urine phosphate levels. Celery, bamboo shoots, and pickled food were the favored foods of local stone formers. Patients with recurrent stones had altered microbiota composition, with Escherichia, Fusobacterium, and Epulopiscium being the predominant pathogenic genera. The gut microbiota in RS patients had stronger functions in fatty acid and amino acid degradation but weaker functions in their biosynthesis. The pathogenic genera were positively correlated with BMI; serum levels of TGs and creatinine; urine levels of calcium, phosphate, and uric acid (UA); and celery, bamboo shoots, and pickled food intake. The abundance of Escherichia and Fusobacterium and the levels of serum magnesium and creatinine were the most relevant factors associated with stone recurrence and could be validated as biomarkers of recurrence. Our research provides a novel prevention strategy for the recurrence of renal calcium oxalate stones in the Han Chinese population of southern China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- Department of Urology, The Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- Department of Urology, The Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Urology, The Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Fan
- Department of Urology, The Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tabashsum Z, Scriba A, Biswas D. Alternative approaches to therapeutics and subtherapeutics for sustainable poultry production. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102750. [PMID: 37207572 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population is growing rapidly and thus its demand for food is growing as well. To meet the demand of the ever-increasing number of consumers, the poultry industry and both of its main sectors-conventional and organic/cage-free farming-are expanding in parallel. Due to increasing demand of poultry products and higher mortality rate of chicks (an average 0.3% increase of mortality over last 5 yr), both conventional and organic poultry farming systems struggle with various issues; animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and antibiotic resistance of the prevailing zoonotic/enteric pathogens are common issues for conventional farming whereas slow growth rate, higher costs, inefficient land use, different diseases of the chicken, and cross-contamination with bacterial pathogens into the final products are the major issues for organic poultry farming. On top of these issues, the use of subtherapeutic antibiotics was recently banned in conventional farming systems and by definition the organic farming system cannot use the antibiotics/synthetic chemicals even for therapeutic use. In conventional farming system, use of therapeutic antibiotics may result in residuals antibiotics in the final products. As a result, sustainable alternatives are in demand to mitigate the prevailing issues for both conventional and organic farming. Potential alternatives may include bacteriophages, vaccination, probiotics, plant-derived prebiotics, and synbiotics. These alternatives have beneficial attributes and shortcomings of their use in both conventional and organic poultry production system. In this review, we'll discuss the scope of these potential alternatives as therapeutics and subtherapeutics in sustainable poultry production and ways to improve their efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zajeba Tabashsum
- Biological Sciences Program-Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Aaron Scriba
- Biological Sciences Program-Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Biological Sciences Program-Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fangueiro JF, de Carvalho NM, Antunes F, Mota IF, Pintado ME, Madureira AR, Costa PS. Lignin from sugarcane bagasse as a prebiotic additive for poultry feed. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124262. [PMID: 37003388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet is a crucial factor on health and well-being of livestock animals. Nutritional strengthening with diet formulations is essential to the livestock industry and animal perfor-mance. Searching for valuable feed additives among by-products may promote not only circular economy, but also functional diets. Lignin from sugarcane bagasse was proposed as a potential prebiotic additive for chickens and incorporated at 1 % (w/w) in commercial chicken feed, tested in two feed forms, namely, mash and pellets. Physico-chemical characterization of both feed types with and without lignin was performed. Also, the prebiotic potential for feeds with lignin was assessed by in vitro gastrointestinal model and evaluated the impact on chicken cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. As for the pellet's physical quality, there was a higher cohesion of the pellets with lignin, indicating a higher resistance to breakout and lignin decreases the tendency of the pellets for microbial contamination. Regarding the prebiotic potential, mash feed with lignin showed higher promotion of Bifidobacterium in comparison with mash feed without lignin and to pellet feed with lignin. Lignin from sugarcane bagasse has prebiotic potential as additive to chicken feed when supplemented in mash feed diets, presenting itself as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to chicken feed additives supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana F Fangueiro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nelson Mota de Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Antunes
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, Portugal
| | - Inês F Mota
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Estevez Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Santos Costa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rousta N, Aslan M, Yesilcimen Akbas M, Ozcan F, Sar T, Taherzadeh MJ. Effects of fungal based bioactive compounds on human health: Review paper. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7004-7027. [PMID: 36794421 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2178379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the first years of history, microbial fermentation products such as bread, wine, yogurt and vinegar have always been noteworthy regarding their nutritional and health effects. Similarly, mushrooms have been a valuable food product in point of both nutrition and medicine due to their rich chemical components. Alternatively, filamentous fungi, which can be easier to produce, play an active role in the synthesis of some bioactive compounds, which are also important for health, as well as being rich in protein content. Therefore, this review presents some important bioactive compounds (bioactive peptides, chitin/chitosan, β-glucan, gamma-aminobutyric acid, L-carnitine, ergosterol and fructooligosaccharides) synthesized by fungal strains and their health benefits. In addition, potential probiotic- and prebiotic fungi were researched to determine their effects on gut microbiota. The current uses of fungal based bioactive compounds for cancer treatment were also discussed. The use of fungal strains in the food industry, especially to develop innovative food production, has been seen as promising microorganisms in obtaining healthy and nutritious food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Rousta
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Melissa Aslan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Inulin, a dietary fibre found in the roots of many plants, has positive effects on health. It is particularly noteworthy due to its positive impact on calcium metabolism. Inulin has significant functions, such as improving calcium absorption through passive diffusion, bolstering calcium absorption via ion exchange and expanding the absorption surface of the colon by stimulating cell growth. In addition, inulin boosts calcium absorption by increasing calcium solubility, stimulating levels of calcium-binding protein expression and increasing useful microorganisms. It increases calbindin levels and stimulates transcellular active calcium transport. An inulin intake of least 8-10 g/day supports calcium absorption and total body bone mineral content/density in adolescents through its known mechanisms of action. It also significantly enhances calcium absorption and improves bone health in postmenopausal women and adult men. Sustained and sufficient inulin supplementation in adults has a positive effect on calcium metabolism and bone mineral density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Bakirhan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Efsun Karabudak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sanko University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller AW, Penniston KL, Fitzpatrick K, Agudelo J, Tasian G, Lange D. Mechanisms of the intestinal and urinary microbiome in kidney stone disease. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:695-707. [PMID: 36127409 PMCID: PMC11234243 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease affects ~10% of the global population and the incidence continues to rise owing to the associated global increase in the incidence of medical conditions associated with kidney stone disease including, for example, those comprising the metabolic syndrome. Considering that the intestinal microbiome has a substantial influence on host metabolism, that evidence has suggested that the intestinal microbiome might have a role in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and kidney stone disease is unsurprising. In addition, the discovery that urine is not sterile but, like other sites of the human body, harbours commensal bacterial species that collectively form a urinary microbiome, is an additional factor that might influence the induction of crystal formation and stone growth directly in the kidney. Collectively, the microbiomes of the host could influence kidney stone disease at multiple levels, including intestinal oxalate absorption and direct crystal formation in the kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Miller
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Fitzpatrick
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Agudelo
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Tasian
- Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dirk Lange
- The Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han Q, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Dietary supplementation for female infertility: Recent advances in the nutritional therapy for premature ovarian insufficiency. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001209. [PMID: 36466679 PMCID: PMC9712792 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) ranks top in the reproductive disorders that may impair multiple functioning systems, reduce the quality of life and ultimately deprive patients of their fertility among women. Symptoms can be partially alleviated by present hormone replacement therapy that cannot improve conception or decrease occurrence rates of systemic complication. Nutritional dietary supplements are attracting more and more attention because of their safety, bioavailability, and efficacy for well-being. Nutrients in the daily food are composed of carbohydrates, fat and lipoprotein, protein and polypeptide, vitamins, and vegetable or fruits containing phytoestrogens. These are functional nutrients due to the proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and mitochondria-protective potential during the course of menopause. Apart from dietary nutrients, microbe-related nutritional substances, including probiotics, prebiotics and the combination-synbiotics, display high potential as well in supporting estrous cycle, ovarian viability and modulating other vital reproductive functions. The present review will discuss dietary and microbial nutrients and their roles and applications in the living body based upon animal or human research, evaluate possible effect mechanisms from molecular, cellular and tissue levels, and provide insights into nutritional therapy for prolonging reproductive lifespan in female patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Han
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Wang S, Xu D, Peng J, Gao W, Cao Y. The Effect of Glycosylated Soy Protein Isolate on the Stability of Lutein and Their Interaction Characteristics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:887064. [PMID: 35685872 PMCID: PMC9172447 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.887064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a natural fat-soluble carotenoid with various physiological functions. However, its poor water solubility and stability restrict its application in functional foods. The present study sought to analyze the stability and interaction mechanism of the complex glycosylated soy protein isolate (SPI) prepared using SPI and inulin-type fructans and lutein. The results showed that glycosylation reduced the fluorescence intensity and surface hydrophobicity of SPI but improved the emulsification process and solubility. Fluorescence intensity and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy results showed that the fluorescence quenching of the glycosylated soybean protein isolate by lutein was static. Through thermodynamic parameter analysis, it was found that lutein and glycosylated SPI were bound spontaneously through hydrophobic interaction, and the binding stoichiometry was 1:1. The X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that lutein existed in the glycosylated soybean protein isolate in an amorphous form. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis results revealed that lutein had no effect on the secondary structure of glycosylated soy protein isolate. Meanwhile, the combination of lutein and glycosylated SPI improved the water solubility of lutein and the stability of light and heat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Shaojia Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Peng
- Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Handan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Chenguang Biotech Group Co., Ltd., Handan, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health (BTBU), School of Food and Health, Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Food Additives and Ingredients, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang N, Jin M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Shah NP, Wei H. Functional oligosaccharide fermentation in the gut: Improving intestinal health and its determinant factors-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119043. [PMID: 35287885 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Liu Z, Chen B, Li B, Wang C, Li G, Cao W, Zeng F, Chen Y. Greater Consumption of Total and Individual Lignans and Dietary Fibers Were Significantly Associated with Lowered Risk of Hip Fracture-A 1:1 Matched Case-Control Study among Chinese Elderly Men and Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051100. [PMID: 35268074 PMCID: PMC8912333 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to examine the association of dietary intake of lignans with the risk of hip fractures in Chinese older adults. This was a 1:1 age- and gender- matched case−control study. Dietary survey was conducted by face-to-face interviews using a 79-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Habitual intake of total and individual lignans (matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol) was estimated based on the available lignans databases. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of dietary total and individual lignans, lignan-rich foods (vegetables, fruits, nuts, and cereals) and dietary fibers with the risk of hip fracture. A total of 1070 pairs of hip fracture incident cases and controls were recruited. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile group showed a reduced hip fracture risk by 76.3% (0.237, 95% CI: 0.103−0.544, Ptrend < 0.001) for total lignans, and 62.5% (0.375, 95% CI: 0.194−0.724, Ptrend = 0.001) for dietary fibers. Similar findings were observed for individual lignans, the estimated enterolactone level, as well as lignans from vegetables and nuts. We concluded that greater consumption of total and individual lignans, and lignan-rich foods were significantly associated with decreased risk of hip fracture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Bone Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Baolin Li
- Guangzhou Orthopaedics Trauma Hospital, Guangzhou 510045, China;
| | - Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Guoyi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenting Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Yuming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (Z.L.); (C.W.); (G.L.); (W.C.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-87330605
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Faraj M, Napoli N. The Impact of Diet on Bone and Fracture Risk in Diabetes. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2022; 20:26-42. [PMID: 35201556 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published scientific evidence on the effects of diet on diabetes and skeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS The impact of diet on overall health has been a growing topic of interest among researchers. An inappropriate eating habit is a relatively modified risk factor for diabetes in adults. Parallel with the significant increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus worldwide, many studies have shown the benefits of lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise for people with, or at risk of developing, diabetes. In the last years, accumulating evidence suggests that diabetes is a risk factor for bone fragility. As lifestyle intervention represents an effective option for diabetes management and treatment, there is potential for an effect on bone health. Healthy lifestyle is critical to prevent bone fragility. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the impact of diet and weight loss on fracture risk in diabetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Faraj
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - N Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abd-Elmone AA, A. Koheil N, A. Kamel M, Yacout G. Potential Effects of Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin Macromolecules (PrebiotinTM) on an Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporotic Rat Model. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2022; 15:7-21. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2022.7.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
19
|
Costa GT, Vasconcelos QDJS, Aragão GF. Fructooligosaccharides on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:709-722. [PMID: 34966938 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence shows that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) can modulate inflammatory, oxidative, and immune activity in the gut, possibly leading to a systemic response, improving human health. OBJECTIVE To assess the present knowledge of the effects of FOSs on inflammation, immunomodulation, oxidative stress, and gut immune response. DATA SOURCES Studies published between December 2000 and January 2020 were systematically searched in four databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science, and Scopus. After the screening of 1316 articles, 8 human studies and 20 animal models were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted separately by 2 reviewers. For each study, the design, population, exposures, main results, and conclusion were extracted. The research questions and the risk-of-bias information were also extracted. Additionally, the risk-of-bias were analyzed to guarantee the reliability of this review. DATA ANALYSIS A qualitative analysis revealed that FOSs can increase bifidobacteria counts and short-chain fatty acids in the gut, stimulate IgA secretion in the colon, and decrease proinflammatory cytokines, thus influencing metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION Studies suggest that FOS supplementation is positively associated with an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, thus enhancing the gut immune system, which may be beneficial for the host's health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration nos 42020209865 and 42020220369.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciana T Costa
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Quezia D J S Vasconcelos
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gislei F Aragão
- G.T. Costa is with the Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Q.D.J.S. Vasconcelos and G.F. Aragão are with the Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. G.F. Aragão is with the Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu J, Xia Y, Wang G, Xiong Z, Zhang H, Lai PFH, Song X, Ai L. Anti-osteoporotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum AR237 and AR495 in ovariectomized mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
21
|
Jin ES, Kim JY, Yang JM, Kim JS, Min J, Jeon SR, Choi KH, Moon GS, Jeong JH. The Effect of Genetically Modified Lactobacillus plantarum Carrying Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Gene on an Ovariectomized Rat. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 65:204-214. [PMID: 34727681 PMCID: PMC8918239 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis result from age-related decline in the number of osteoblast progenitors in the bone marrow. Probiotics have beneficial effects on the host, when administered in appropriate amounts. This study investigated the effects of probiotics expressing specific genes, especially the effects of genetically modified bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-expressing Lactobacillus plantarum CJNU 3003 (LP) on ovariectomized rats. Methods Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (250-300 g, 12 weeks old) were divided into four groups : the sham (control), the ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis group (OVX), the OVX and LP (OVX/LP), OVX and genetically modified BMP-2-expressing LP (OVX/LP with BMP) groups. The three groups underwent bilateral OVX and two of these groups were administered two different types of LP via oral gavage daily. At 16 weeks post-OVX, blood was collected from the heart and the bilateral tibiae were extracted and were scanned by ex-vivo micro-computed tomography and stained with hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome stain for pathological assessment. The serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), rat C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), BMP-2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-ĸB ligand (RANKL) were measured. Results The 3D-micro-computed tomography images showed that the trabecular structure in the OVX/LP with BMP group was maintained compared with OVX and OVX/LP groups. No significant differences were detected in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) between control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, a tendency toward increased BMD, trabecular bone volume, Tb.Th, and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation was found in rats in the OVX/LP with BMP groups when compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups (p>0.05). The H&E and Masson's trichrome stained sections showed a thicker trabecular bone in the OVX/LP with BMP group compared with the OVX and OVX/LP groups. There was no difference in serum levels of OC, CTX and RANKL control and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p>0.05). In contrast, significant differences were found in OC and CTX-1 levels between the OVX and OVX/LP with BMP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Our results showed that the expression of genetically modified BMP-2 showed inhibition effect for bone loss in a rat model of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sun Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Mo Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Korea
| | - JoongKee Min
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Jeon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, Korea
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hughes RL, Alvarado DA, Swanson KS, Holscher HD. The Prebiotic Potential of Inulin-type Fructans: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00074-6. [PMID: 34555168 PMCID: PMC8970830 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin-type fructans (ITF), including short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), oligofructose, and inulin, are commonly used fibers that are widely regarded as prebiotic for their ability to be selectively utilized by the intestinal microbiota to confer a health benefit. However, the literature thus far lacks a thorough discussion of the evidence from human clinical trials for the prebiotic effect of ITF, including both effects on the intestinal microbiota composition as well as the intestinal and extraintestinal (e.g., glucose homeostasis, lipids, mineral absorption and bone health, appetite and satiety, inflammation and immune function, and body composition) benefits. Additionally, there is a lack of discussion regarding aspects such as the effect of ITF chain length on its intestinal and extraintestinal effects. The overall objective of this systematic review was to summarize the prebiotic potential of ITF based on the results of human clinical trials in healthy adult populations. Evidence from studies included in the current review suggest that ITF have a prebiotic effect on the intestinal microbiota, promoting the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Beneficial health effects reported following ITF intake include improved intestinal barrier function, improved laxation, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased triglycerides and an improved lipid profile, increased absorption of calcium and magnesium, and increased satiety. While there is some evidence for differing effects of ITF based on chain length, lack of direct comparisons and detailed descriptions of physicochemical properties limit the ability to draw conclusions from human clinical studies. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota mediates or modifies the effects of ITF on human health and the contribution of individual factors such as age and metabolic health to move towards personalization of prebiotic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley L Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - David A Alvarado
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA,Division of Nutrition Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Obesity as the 21st Century's major disease: The role of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
24
|
Rogaska A, Reguła J, Suliburska J, Krejpcio Z. Comparison of the In Vitro Bioavailability of Selected Minerals from Gluten-Free Breads Enriched with Grains and Synthetic Organic and Non-Organic Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072085. [PMID: 33917296 PMCID: PMC8038698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Despite the constant efforts of scientists to improve the texture, sensory properties, and nutritional value of gluten-free bread, obtaining high bioavailability of minerals is still a huge challenge. Gluten-free bakery products are characterized by a low bioavailability of minerals. The aim of this study was to design gluten-free bread with high bioavailability of minerals commonly found in deficiencies in people struggling with gluten intolerance. Material and methods: The material consisted of gluten-free breads designed to obtain the highest possible content of minerals in the bread while maintaining a good structure and taste. Results: Higher contents of all the analyzed minerals were obtained in breads with natural and synthetic additives, both in rice and buckwheat bread, compared to basic bread. There was also a higher content of the analyzed minerals in buckwheat bread in comparison to rice bread for each type of additive. Higher bioavailability of iron, copper, calcium, and magnesium was noted in rice bread, while the bioavailability of zinc was higher in buckwheat bread. Conclusion: The additives used increased the bioavailability of the analyzed minerals from the gluten-free breads. The use of various variants of flour (rice, buckwheat) influenced the bioavailability of iron, zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium. The release of minerals from gluten-free bread depends on the element and added components (seeds or synthetic additives).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rogaska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julita Reguła
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Krejpcio
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego St. 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sandroni A, House E, Howard L, DellaValle DM. Synbiotic Supplementation Improves Response to Iron Supplementation in Female Athletes during Training. J Diet Suppl 2021; 19:366-380. [PMID: 33615951 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1887423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Iron deficiency (ID) affects ∼30% of female athletes, and its consequences are highly relevant to athletic performance. Poor iron (Fe) uptake remains a major factor in the development of ID. While studies suggest that consumption of either prebiotics or probiotics may improve Fe uptake, consumption of synbiotics has not been well-studied. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the Fe status of female athletes during Fe repletion. METHODS The Fe status of 32 female athletes was screened early in the season. Twenty eligible athletes (hemoglobin:12.3 ± 0.9g/dL; serum ferritin, sFer:18.1 ± 9.2 µg/L) were randomized to receive either a daily synbiotic supplement (5 g prebiotic fiber + 8 billion colony forming units, CFU probiotic B. lactis) or placebo, along with Fe supplementation (140 mg ferrous sulfate, FeSO4/d) for 8 weeks using a double-blind design. Fe status was assessed again at mid-point and after the trial. RESULTS Nineteen athletes (n = 9 supplement, 10 placebo) completed the trial and there were no differences in compliance or GI symptoms reported between groups. After controlling for baseline Fe status, regression analyses revealed improvements in log sFer in the supplement group after both 4 and 8 weeks (p = 0.01 and p = 0.05, respectively), compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Synbiotic supplementation along with FeSO4 improved athletes' Fe status over 8 weeks. This data is essential to advancing our understanding of how dietary and supplemental Fe uptake in active women can be enhanced by synbiotic supplementation, as well as by foods containing pre- and probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sandroni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Marywood University, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Elaine House
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Marywood University, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay Howard
- Department of Athletic Training and Exercise Science, Marywood University, Scranton, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Okuyama M, Serizawa R, Tanuma M, Kikuchi A, Sadahiro J, Tagami T, Lang W, Kimura A. Molecular insight into regioselectivity of transfructosylation catalyzed by GH68 levansucrase and β-fructofuranosidase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100398. [PMID: 33571525 PMCID: PMC7961098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolase family 68 (GH68) enzymes catalyze β-fructosyltransfer from sucrose to another sucrose, the so-called transfructosylation. Although regioselectivity of transfructosylation is divergent in GH68 enzymes, there is insufficient information available on the structural factor(s) involved in the selectivity. Here, we found two GH68 enzymes, β-fructofuranosidase (FFZm) and levansucrase (LSZm), encoded tandemly in the genome of Zymomonas mobilis, displayed different selectivity: FFZm catalyzed the β-(2→1)-transfructosylation (1-TF), whereas LSZm did both of 1-TF and β-(2→6)-transfructosylation (6-TF). We identified His79FFZm and Ala343FFZm and their corresponding Asn84LSZm and Ser345LSZm respectively as the structural factors for those regioselectivities. LSZm with the respective substitution of FFZm-type His and Ala for its Asn84LSZm and Ser345LSZm (N84H/S345A-LSZm) lost 6-TF and enhanced 1-TF. Conversely, the LSZm-type replacement of His79FFZm and Ala343FFZm in FFZm (H79N/A343S-FFZm) almost lost 1-TF and acquired 6-TF. H79N/A343S-FFZm exhibited the selectivity like LSZm but did not produce the β-(2→6)-fructoside-linked levan and/or long levanooligosaccharides that LSZm did. We assumed Phe189LSZm to be a responsible residue for the elongation of levan chain in LSZm and mutated the corresponding Leu187FFZm in FFZm to Phe. An H79N/L187F/A343S-FFZm produced a higher quantity of long levanooligosaccharides than H79N/A343S-FFZm (or H79N-FFZm), although without levan formation, suggesting that LSZm has another structural factor for levan production. We also found that FFZm generated a sucrose analog, β-D-fructofuranosyl α-D-mannopyranoside, by β-fructosyltransfer to d-mannose and regarded His79FFZm and Ala343FFZm as key residues for this acceptor specificity. In summary, this study provides insight into the structural factors of regioselectivity and acceptor specificity in transfructosylation of GH68 enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ryo Serizawa
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanari Tanuma
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Kikuchi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Juri Sadahiro
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tagami
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Weeranuch Lang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fattahi Y, Heidari HR, Khosroushahi AY. Review of short-chain fatty acids effects on the immune system and cancer. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
28
|
Lactobacillus Plantarum HFY15 Helps Prevent Retinoic Acid-Induced Secondary Osteoporosis in Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2054389. [PMID: 33029161 PMCID: PMC7530507 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2054389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A rat model of secondary osteoporosis was constructed using retinoic acid as an inducer, and the genes, proteins, and bone mass of the rats were analyzed. qPCR detection of the Wnt/β-catenin and OPG/RANK/RANKL signaling pathway-related gene expression levels showed that Lactobacillus plantarum HFY15 played a positive role in regulating both pathways. HFY15 significantly increased β-catenin, Lrp5, Lrp6, Wnt10b, OPG, RANKL, and Runx2 expression and downregulated DKK1, RANK, CTSK, TRACP, and ALP expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays further confirmed the qPCR results. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that HFY15 slowed retinoic acid-induced osteoclast formation. Microcomputed tomography showed that HFY15 reduced trabecular separation and increased the percent bone volume, trabecular numbers, trabecular thickness, and bone mineral density in the rats in vivo. These findings indicate that HFY15 may help prevent retinoic acid-induced secondary osteoporosis in vivo.
Collapse
|
29
|
Porwal K, Pal S, Kulkarni C, Singh P, Sharma S, Singh P, Prajapati G, Gayen JR, Ampapathi RS, Mullick A, Chattopadhyay N. A prebiotic, short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides promotes peak bone mass and maintains bone mass in ovariectomized rats by an osteogenic mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110448. [PMID: 32776872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) showed beneficial skeletal effects but its effect on peak bone mass (PBM) and bone loss caused by estrogen (E2) deficiency has not been studied, and we set out to study these effects in rats. Short-chain (sc)-FOS had no effect on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism of ovary intact (sham) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats. scFOS did not affect serum and urinary calcium and phosphorus levels, and on calcium absorption, although an increasing trend was noted in the sham group. Sham and OVX rats given scFOS had better skeletal parameters than their respective controls. scFOS treatment resulted in a higher bone anabolic response but had no effect on the catabolic parameters. scFOS increased serum levels of a short-chain fatty acid, butyrate which is known to have osteogenic effect. Our study for the first time demonstrates that in rats scFOS at the human equivalent dose enhances PBM and protects against E2 deficiency-induced bone loss by selective enhancement of new bone formation, and implicates butyrate in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konica Porwal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Chirag Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Gurudayal Prajapati
- NMR Facility, SAIF Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ravi S Ampapathi
- NMR Facility, SAIF Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashim Mullick
- Tata Chemicals Limited-Innovation Centre, Paud Road, Mulshi, Pune, Maharashtra 412111, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bournazel M, Duclos MJ, Lecompte F, Guillou D, Peyronnet C, Quinsac A, Même N, Narcy A. Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and calcium supply on mineral and acid-base status of piglets fed a diversified diet. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e18. [PMID: 32528671 PMCID: PMC7264857 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is known to affect acid-base status and mineral metabolism, but is rarely considered in diet formulation for pigs. Yet, the use of a wide variety of local feedstuffs in Europe contributes to lowering the dEB and increasing the fibre content. Hence, mineral requirements may be modified and skeletal health affected. Therefore, the effects of a lower dEB and a higher dietary Ca level on acid-base balance and mineral status were assessed in young pigs fed a diversified diet. A total of twenty-four weaned pigs were fed a control moderate-dEB diet (C) or a diversified moderate-dEB (D), low-dEB (D-A) or low-dEB supplemented with Ca (D-CA) diet. Growth performance, venous blood gas and chemistry, urine pH, mineral balance and femur characteristics were determined. With an equivalent dEB compared with the C diet, the D diet caused an acidification of the urine and increased the excretion of P as a result of a higher dietary content of S. Low-grade metabolic acidosis occurred in piglets fed the D-A diet with changes at systemic and urine levels. A higher excretion of ammonia and P in urine was observed and some bone characteristics tended to be negatively affected. Ca supplementation partially counteracted the effects of low-grade acidosis. Urine excretion of P and ammonia was alleviated and bone characteristics improved. In conclusion, a higher Ca supply must be considered in more diversified diets to counteract the risk of evolving towards low-grade metabolic acidosis which can negatively affect bone.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADG, average daily gain
- AR, apparent retention
- ATTD, apparent total tract digestibility
- Acid−base balance
- Bone
- C, control low-fibre diet
- Calcium
- D, diet enriched in local feedstuffs with a normal dietary electrolyte balance
- D-A, diet enriched in local feedstuffs with a low dietary electrolyte balance
- D-CA, D-A diet supplemented with Ca
- DDGS, distillers' dried grains with solubles
- Dietary electrolyte balance
- FCR, feed conversion ratio
- HU, Hounsfield units
- dEB, dietary electrolyte balance
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bournazel
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380Nouzilly, France
- MiXscience, Campus du Groupe Avril, 2/4 avenue de Ker Lann, 35172Bruz, France
| | - M. J. Duclos
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380Nouzilly, France
| | - F. Lecompte
- Plateforme CIRE, Service imagerie, UMR 0085 PRC, INRA centre val de Loire, 37380Nouzilly, France
| | - D. Guillou
- MiXscience, Campus du Groupe Avril, 2/4 avenue de Ker Lann, 35172Bruz, France
| | - C. Peyronnet
- Terres Univia, 11 rue Monceau, 75008Paris, France
| | - A. Quinsac
- Terres Inovia, 11 rue Monge, Parc industriel, 33600Pessac, France
| | - N. Même
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380Nouzilly, France
| | - A. Narcy
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR BOA, 37380Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Costa G, Vasconcelos Q, Abreu G, Albuquerque A, Vilarejo J, Aragão G. Changes in nutrient absorption in children and adolescents caused by fructans, especially fructooligosaccharides and inulin. Arch Pediatr 2020; 27:166-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
32
|
Wu XZ, Wen ZG, Hua JL. Effects of dietary inclusion of Lactobacillus and inulin on growth performance, gut microbiota, nutrient utilization, and immune parameters in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4656-4663. [PMID: 31001631 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary Lactobacillus (BCRC 16092) and inulin on growth performance, intestinal microflora, mineral utilization, and tissue mineral contents were evaluated in broilers. The experiment was conducted using 1,152 one-day-old broilers randomly distributed to 9 treatments in a factorial arrangement (3 × 3) using 3 levels of inulin (0, 1, and 2%) and 3 levels of Lactobacillus addition (108, 109, and 1010 CFU/kg). Broilers (1 D of age; 8 replicates per treatments and 16 broilers per replicate) with an initial body weight of 48.36 ± 0.21g were evaluated for 42 D. A 4-D mineral digestibility trial was conducted during the final week of the experiment. The results showed that Lactobacillus supplementation can increase average daily gain and nutrient digestibility and improve feed/gain in broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, Lactobacillus and inulin supplementation increased the numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, increased serum concentration of IgG and IgA, and decreased the numbers of Escherichia coli and pH in ileum and cecum. The present study demonstrated Lactobacillus and inulin fed to broilers has a positive effect on gut microbiota, growth and nutrient utilization, immune system, and mineral metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Z Wu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| | - Z G Wen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, The Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - J L Hua
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Panpetch P, Field RA, Barclay JE, Pichyangkura R, Kuttiyawong K. Temperature-dependent inulin nanoparticles synthesized by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase and complex formation with flavonoids. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Lee T, Suh HS. Associations between Dietary Fiber Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Adult Korean Population: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:151-160. [PMID: 31555612 PMCID: PMC6746664 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The correlations between the amount of daily fiber intake and bone mineral densities (BMDs) in Korean adult population were investigated in our study. Methods Utilizing the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2011, multivariable linear regression was performed to explore the association between fiber consumption and BMD of lumbar vertebrae 1 to 4 (L1–4 total), L1, L2, L3, and L4 vertebrae, femur neck, femur total, and trochanter. All models were adjusted for age, body mass index, vitamin D level, smoking, physical activity, alcohol use, contraceptive use, hormonal replacement therapy, consumption of carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, phosphate, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C. Results In males aged between 18 and 45, fiber intake significantly increased BMDs of L1 (coefficient β=0.004, P=0.040) and L2 (β=0.004, P=0.038) while daily protein consumption significantly lowered BMDs of femur neck (β=−0.001, P=0.009), femur total (β=−0.001, P=0.008), and trochanter (β=−0.001, P=0.008). In males aged 65 and older, nutrient intake shows no significant correlations with BMDs except fat consumption was inversely associated with BMD of trochanter (β=−0.001, P=0.017). In females aged between 18 and 45, fiber intake shows no significant relationship with BMDs while daily fat consumption significantly increased BMDs of L1 (β=0.001, P=0.028), L2 (β=0.001, P=0.024), L3 (β=0.001, P=0.033), and L1–4 total (β=0.001, P=0.017). Conclusions Fiber intake was a protective factor of lumbar spine (L1 and L2) BMD in male aged between 18 and 45 but not in female participants of any age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehoon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Heuy Sun Suh
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Van Herreweghen F, De Paepe K, Roume H, Kerckhof FM, Van de Wiele T. Mucin degradation niche as a driver of microbiome composition and Akkermansia muciniphila abundance in a dynamic gut model is donor independent. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5101425. [PMID: 30239657 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, an abundant mucin degrading intestinal bacterium, has been correlated with human health in various studies. The in vitro SHIME model was used to reach a mechanistic understanding of A. muciniphila's colonization preferences and its response to environmental parameters such as colon pH and mucins. These insight can help to identify the optimal conditions for successful in vivo application. After a period of mucin deprivation, we found that mucin supplementation resulted in significantly different microbial communities, with more Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Ruminococcus. Mucin treatment accounted for 26% of the observed variation in the microbial community at OTU level (P = 0.001), whereas the donor effect was limited (8%) (P = 0.035), indicating mucins to constitute an important ecological niche shaping the microbiota composition. The effect of colonic pH had a less profound impact on the microbiome with both pH and donor origin explaining around 10% of the variability in the dataset. Yet, higher simulated colonic pH had a positive impact on Akkermansia abundance while short chain fatty acid analysis displayed a preference for propionate production with higher colonic pH. Our results show that mucins as nutritional resource are a more important modulator of the gut microbiome than colon pH as environmental factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hugo Roume
- MetaGenoPolis Unit,National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Allée de Vilvert, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zaiss MM, Jones RM, Schett G, Pacifici R. The gut-bone axis: how bacterial metabolites bridge the distance. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3018-3028. [PMID: 31305265 DOI: 10.1172/jci128521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key regulator of bone health that affects postnatal skeletal development and skeletal involution. Alterations in microbiota composition and host responses to the microbiota contribute to pathological bone loss, while changes in microbiota composition that prevent, or reverse, bone loss may be achieved by nutritional supplements with prebiotics and probiotics. One mechanism whereby microbes influence organs of the body is through the production of metabolites that diffuse from the gut into the systemic circulation. Recently, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are generated by fermentation of complex carbohydrates, have emerged as key regulatory metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. This Review will focus on the effects of SCFAs on the musculoskeletal system and discuss the mechanisms whereby SCFAs regulate bone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Metabolism, bioenergetics and thermal physiology: influences of the human intestinal microbiota. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 32:205-217. [PMID: 31258100 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms which inhabit the human gut (i.e. the intestinal microbiota) influence numerous human biochemical pathways and physiological functions. The present review focuses on two questions, 'Are intestinal microbiota effects measurable and meaningful?' and 'What research methods and variables are influenced by intestinal microbiota effects?'. These questions are considered with respect to doubly labelled water measurements of energy expenditure, heat balance calculations and models, measurements of RMR via indirect calorimetry, and diet-induced energy expenditure. Several lines of evidence suggest that the intestinal microbiota introduces measurement variability and measurement errors which have been overlooked in research studies involving nutrition, bioenergetics, physiology and temperature regulation. Therefore, we recommend that present conceptual models and research techniques be updated via future experiments, to account for the metabolic processes and regulatory influences of the intestinal microbiota.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shamasbi SG, Ghanbari-Homayi S, Mirghafourvand M. The effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hormonal and inflammatory indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:433-450. [PMID: 31256251 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is among the most prevalent endocrine disorders in women and can lead to many other disorders and chronic diseases. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome is important. Using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics supplementations to treat PCOS seems appropriate because of their useful effects and low complications. AIMS To assess the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on hormonal indices such as testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone binding globulin, Free Androgen Index (FAI), and inflammatory indices, such as high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as the primary outcomes and the hirsutism score as the secondary outcome. METHODS All published articles from the beginning until 10 November 2018 in English (Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest) and Persian (SID and Magiran) databases were searched. The effect of interventions on the outcomes was reported with a standard mean difference (SMD) and confidence interval of 95%. In case of high heterogeneity, the random effect model was used instead of the fixed effect model. The statistical heterogeneity of the included clinical trials was tested using the Chi square test and I2. RESULTS Thirteen studies with 855 participants with PCOS(438 women in the intervention group and 417 women in the control group) were included in the meta-analysis. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the SHBG (SMD: 0.56; 95% CI 0.26-0.86; P = 0.0002) and NO (SMD: 0.38; 95% CI 0.09-0.68; P = 0.01) concentration increased significantly in the probiotics and synbiotics groups compared to the placebo group. FAI (SMD: - 0.58; 95% CI - 0.95 to - 0.21; P = 0.002) and MDA (SMD: - 0.76; 95% CI - 1.46 to - 0.05; P = 0.03) concentration in the probiotics and synbiotics groups reduced significantly compared to the placebo group. The results of meta-analyses on other hormonal and inflammatory indices such as testosterone, DHEAS, GSH, hsCRP, TAC, and hirsutism score showed that there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION Using synbiotics and probiotics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome improve hormonal (FAI, SHBG) and inflammatory (NO, MDA) indices in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Gholizadeh Shamasbi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Midwifery Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51745-347, Tabriz, 513897977, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Seijo M, Bryk G, Zeni Coronel M, Bonanno M, Río ME, Pita Martín de Portela ML, Zeni SN. Effect of Adding a Galacto-Oligosaccharides/Fructo-Oligosaccharides (GOS/FOS®) Mixture to a Normal and Low Calcium Diet, on Calcium Absorption and Bone Health in Ovariectomy-Induced Osteopenic Rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:301-312. [PMID: 30390108 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with bone loss. Prebiotics increase Ca, inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and Mg absorption, improving bone health. These increases would supply an extra amount of minerals, decreasing bone resorption and possibly reversing ovariectomy-induced bone loss. The present experimental study sought to evaluate the effect of adding a prebiotic GOS/FOS® mixture to a normal or a low Ca diet on Ca, Pi, and Mg absorption, in osteopenic rats. Four groups of n = 8 rats each were OVX, and 8 rats were SHAM operated. All rats were fed a commercial diet for 45 days. They were then fed one of the following diet for 45 days: C-0.5%: SHAM fed AIN 93 M containing 0.5%Ca; O-0.5% and O-0.3%: OVX rats fed AIN 93 M, containing 0.5% or 0.3%Ca, respectively; GF-0.5% and GF-0.3%: OVX rats fed AIN 93 M, containing 0.5% or 0.3%Ca+ 2.5% GOS/FOS®, respectively. At the end of the experimental time point, Ca, P, and MgAbs% was significantly higher in GF-0.5% and GF-0.3% as compared to the remaining groups (p < 0.01). Irrespective of diet Ca content, CTX decreased whereas femur Ca and P content, tibia BV/TV and GPC.Th, lumbar spine and proximal tibia BMD, bone strength, bone stiffness, and elastic modulus increased in the GF-0.5% and GF-0.3% groups as compared to O-0.5% and O-0.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). This prebiotic mixture would be a useful tool to prevent the increase in bone loss associated with menopause and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Seijo
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Av. Córdoba 2351-8vo. Piso (1120), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Bryk
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Av. Córdoba 2351-8vo. Piso (1120), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- General and Oral Biochemistry Department, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Zeni Coronel
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Av. Córdoba 2351-8vo. Piso (1120), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Bonanno
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Av. Córdoba 2351-8vo. Piso (1120), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Esther Río
- National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Luz Pita Martín de Portela
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Noemí Zeni
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Hospital, Immunology, Genetic and Metabolism Institute (INIGEM), National Council for Scientific and Technologic Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires University (UBA), Av. Córdoba 2351-8vo. Piso (1120), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- General and Oral Biochemistry Department, School of Dentistry, Buenos Aires University (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Manoppo J, Tasiringan H, Wahani A, Umboh A, Mantik M. The role of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for the absorption of iron preparations in children with iron deficiency anemia. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2019; 62:173-178. [PMID: 31104454 PMCID: PMC6528058 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2018.07024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 plays a role in absorption of iron preparations given to children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods We performed a quasi-experimental study involving pre- and postintervention tests using a control group in North Sulawesi province, Indonesia, between July and September 2017. We conducted a single-blind controlled trial that included primary school children who were diagnosed with IDA based on reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) levels <27.8 pg/L. Results A total of 66 children were randomized into 2 groups. Thirty-four children received iron preparations with the addition of L. reuteri DSM 17938 (group 1), whereas the other 32 received iron preparations alone (group 2). The baseline Ret-He levels before intervention were similar in both groups. After 14 days of intervention, mean Ret-He level in group 1 changed from 24.43±1.64 to 28.21±1.72 pg/ L (P=0.000). Mean Ret-He level in group 2 changed from 24.31±1.42 to 27.03±2.14 pg/L (P=0.000). Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in Ret-He levels in both groups; Ret-He levels were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Children with IDA receiving iron preparations with L. reuteri DSM 17938 for 14 days show higher Ret-He levels than those receiving iron preparations alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Manoppo
- Division of Gastroentero-hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Hilda Tasiringan
- Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Audrey Wahani
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/ Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Adrian Umboh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Max Mantik
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Sam Ratulangi University/Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado, Manado, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fu X, Liu Z, Zhu C, Mou H, Kong Q. Nondigestible carbohydrates, butyrate, and butyrate-producing bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:S130-S152. [PMID: 30580556 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1542587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are fermentation substrates in the colon after escaping digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Among NDCs, resistant starch is not hydrolyzed by pancreatic amylases but can be degraded by enzymes produced by large intestinal bacteria, including clostridia, bacteroides, and bifidobacteria. Nonstarch polysaccharides, such as pectin, guar gum, alginate, arabinoxylan, and inulin fructans, and nondigestible oligosaccharides and their derivatives, can also be fermented by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine. Butyrate is one of the most important metabolites produced through gastrointestinal microbial fermentation and functions as a major energy source for colonocytes by directly affecting the growth and differentiation of colonocytes. Moreover, butyrate has various physiological effects, including enhancement of intestinal barrier function and mucosal immunity. In this review, several representative NDCs are introduced, and their chemical components, structures, and physiological functions, including promotion of the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and enhancement of butyrate production, are discussed. We also describe the strategies for achieving directional accumulation of colonic butyrate based on endogenous generation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Fu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Zhemin Liu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Changliang Zhu
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Haijin Mou
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| | - Qing Kong
- a College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Codină GG, Dabija A, Stroe SG, Ropciuc S. Optimization of iron–oligofructose formulation on wheat flour dough rheological properties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Dabija
- Faculty of Food Engineering Stefan cel Mare University Suceava Romania
| | | | - Sorina Ropciuc
- Faculty of Food Engineering Stefan cel Mare University Suceava Romania
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
de Lima Correia Silva M, da Graça Leite Speridião P, Oyama LM, de Morais MB. Effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation in soya beverage on the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron in newly weaned rats. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1338-1348. [PMID: 30499425 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown the positive effects of prebiotics on the intestinal absorption of Ca and Fe. The present study evaluated the effect of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in soya beverage (SB) on absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe in recently weaned rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: lactose-free cows' milk (CM), lactose-free CM with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (CMF), SB and soya beverage with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (SBF). These rats were euthanised after 1 week of treatment. Organ weight, pH of the caecal content and absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe were evaluated. The results showed that the weight of the caecal contents increased in the CMF and SBF groups, and the pH of the caecal contents was lower in these groups. The Hb levels of the CMF and SB groups were higher when compared with that of the CM group and lower in relation to the SBF group. The apparent Ca and Fe absorption and apparent Ca retention in the CM group were higher when compared with the SB group, whereas in the CMF group, they were higher in relation to the SBF group. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression in the duodenum was higher in the SBF group than in the SB and CMF groups. SB resulted in lower intestinal Ca absorption and higher Hb concentration, despite the lower apparent Fe absorption in relation to CM. Supplementation with FOS provided beneficial effects on Hb and DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum, in addition to improving the absorption process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maisa de Lima Correia Silva
- 1Departamento de Pediatria,Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica,Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Coronel Lisboa826,04020-000 São Paulo,SP,Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Graça Leite Speridião
- 1Departamento de Pediatria,Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica,Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Coronel Lisboa826,04020-000 São Paulo,SP,Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- 2Departamento de Fisiologia,Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição,Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862,2° andar,04023-060 São Paulo,SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Belobrajdic DP, Jenkins CLD, Christophersen CT, Bird AR. Cereal fructan extracts alter intestinal fermentation to reduce adiposity and increase mineral retention compared to oligofructose. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2811-2821. [PMID: 30284066 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal fermentation of inulin-type fructans, including oligofructose, can modulate adiposity, improve energy regulation, and increase mineral absorption. We aimed to determine whether cereal fructans had greater effects on reducing adiposity and improving mineral absorption compared with oligofructose. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments that contained 0% fructan (control), or 5% fructan provided by oligofructose (OF), a barley grain fraction (BGF), or a wheat stem fraction (WSF). After 1 week on the diets, mineral absorption and retention was assessed. At 4 weeks, blood samples were collected for gut hormone analysis, adipose depots were removed and weighed, and caecal digesta was analyzed for pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). RESULTS The BGF and WSF, but not OF, had lower total visceral fat weights than the Control (p < 0.05). The fructan diets all lowered caecal pH and raised caecal digesta weight and total SCFA content, in comparison to the Control. Caecal propionate levels for OF were similar to the Control and higher for WSF (p < 0.05). Plasma peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 levels were elevated for all fructan groups when compared to Control (p < 0.001) and gastric inhibitory peptide was lower for the WSF compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The fructan diets improved calcium and magnesium retention, which was highest for WSF (p < 0.05). BGF and WSF in comparison to OF showed differential effects on fermentation, gut hormone levels, and adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Cereal fructan sources have favorable metabolic effects that suggest greater improvements in energy regulation and mineral status to those reported for oligofructose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anthony R Bird
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 10041, Adelaide, BC, 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Topolska K, Radzki RP, Filipiak-Florkiewicz A, Florkiewicz A, Leszczyńska T, Cieślik E. Fructan-Enriched Diet Increases Bone Quality in Female Growing Rats at Calcium Deficiency. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 73:172-179. [PMID: 29748870 PMCID: PMC6096893 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of feeding female rats with low-calcium diet containing one of three fructan sources (Jerusalem artichoke, yacon, Beneo Orafti Synergy1), on selected bone parameters. Growing Wistar rats were fed modified AIN-93 G diet enriched in fructan sources (8%), added alone or as a strawberry sorbet ingredient. Two of eight groups were a validation model, where the positive control group was fed with recommended calcium dose in the diet (RCD), and negative one - with low calcium diet (LCD). After 12 weeks, femoral Ca content, bone densitometry, architecture and hardness were examined. The positive effects on femoral Ca content and cortical thickness, area and content in distal part of bone was observed after feeding animals diet enriched in Jerusalem artichoke sorbet. Beneficial action on other bone tomographic parameters (particularly trabecular volumetric bone mineral density) in this part of femur were associated mainly with the consumption of the diet with sorbet containing yacon. Our results showed an important role of diet containing frozen strawberry desserts enriched in fructan sources in the maintenance of healthy bones of growing organism. It may suggest possible synergisms between fructans and bioactive substances of strawberry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Topolska
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Radosław Piotr Radzki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipiak-Florkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Florkiewicz
- Department of Food Analysis and Quality Assessment, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Leszczyńska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Cieślik
- Department of Nutrition Technology and Consumption, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Intake of Polydextrose Alters Hematology and the Profile of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Partially Gastrectomized Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060792. [PMID: 29925762 PMCID: PMC6024616 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polydextrose (PDX) ingestion may increase the intestinal absorption of iron. This study evaluated the effects of 7.5% polydextrose supplementation on markers of iron uptake, transport and storage in partially gastrectomized rats. Half of a batch of 40 male Wistar rats (250 g) underwent Billroth II partial gastrectomy with anterior truncal vagotomy (GXT), while the other half underwent sham gastrectomy (SHAM). At 7 postoperative days, the animals were subdivided into four groups (n = 10): Sham Control and GXT Control (no polydextrose); Sham PDX and GXT PDX (with 7.5% PDX). The animals were euthanized after 60 day of PDX treatment. Organ weight, cecal pH, the characterization and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hematological parameters, hepatic iron content and the expression of ferroportin (FPT) in the jejunum, cecum, colon and liver were evaluated. PDX caused changes in the cecum of the supplemented animals, where there was a decrease in pH, increase in cecal wall and marked production of SCFA, especially acetic and propionic acids (p < 0.05). Hepatic iron levels were lower in GXT animals. PDX increased hemoglobin (HGB) values by 29.2% and hematocrit (HCT) by 55.8% in the GXT PDX group compared to the GXT Control group. The GXT PDX group had lower hepatic FPT expression (p < 0.05). PDX led to increased SCFA concentration in the supplemented animals. Considering that SCFAs play a central role in the increasing nutrients uptake, this mechanism may be involved in altering the hematology profile observed in these animals but not enough to reverse iron deficiency anemia in post-gastrectomy rats.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pinna C, Vecchiato CG, Bolduan C, Grandi M, Stefanelli C, Windisch W, Zaghini G, Biagi G. Influence of dietary protein and fructooligosaccharides on fecal fermentative end-products, fecal bacterial populations and apparent total tract digestibility in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:106. [PMID: 29558912 PMCID: PMC5859515 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Feeding dogs with diets rich in protein may favor putrefactive fermentations in the hindgut, negatively affecting the animal’s intestinal environment. Conversely, prebiotics may improve the activity of health-promoting bacteria and prevent bacterial proteolysis in the colon. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on fecal microbiota and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) in dogs fed kibbles differing in protein content. Twelve healthy adult dogs were used in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin Square design to determine the effects of four diets: 1) Low protein diet (LP, crude protein (CP) 229 g/kg dry matter (DM)); 2) High protein diet (HP, CP 304 g/kg DM); 3) Diet 1 + 1.5 g of FOS/kg; 4) Diet 2 + 1.5 g of FOS/kg. The diets contained silica at 5 g/kg as a digestion marker. Differences in protein content were obtained using different amounts of a highly digestible swine greaves meal. Each feeding period lasted 28 d, with a 12 d wash-out in between periods. Fecal samples were collected from dogs at 0, 21 and 28 d of each feeding period. Feces excreted during the last five days of each feeding period were collected and pooled in order to evaluate ATTD. Results Higher fecal ammonia concentrations were observed both when dogs received the HP diets (p < 0.001) and the supplementation with FOS (p < 0.05). The diets containing FOS resulted in greater ATTD of DM, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, and Fe (p < 0.05) while HP diets were characterized by lower crude ash ATTD (p < 0.05). Significant interactions were observed between FOS and protein concentration in regards to fecal pH (p < 0.05), propionic acid (p < 0.05), acetic to propionic acid and acetic + n-butyric to propionic acid ratios (p < 0.01), bifidobacteria (p < 0.05) and ATTD of CP (p < 0.05) and Mn (p < 0.001). Conclusions A relatively moderate increase of dietary protein resulted in higher concentrations of ammonia in canine feces. Fructooligosaccharides displayed beneficial counteracting effects (such as increased bifidobacteria) when supplemented in HP diets, compared to those observed in LP diets and, in general, improved the ATTD of several minerals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pinna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - Carla Giuditta Vecchiato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - Carmen Bolduan
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Monica Grandi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), Italy.
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Wilhelm Windisch
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Unit, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Strasse 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Giuliano Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano Emilia (Bologna), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Afriat-Jurnou L, Cohen R, Paluy I, Ben-Adiva R, Yadid I. Directed evolution of an endoinulinase from Talaromyces purpureogenus
toward efficient production of inulooligosaccharides. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:868-877. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Afriat-Jurnou
- MIGAL- Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona 11016 Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology; Tel-Hai Academic College; Upper Galilee 12208 Israel
| | - Rami Cohen
- MIGAL- Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona 11016 Israel
| | - Irina Paluy
- MIGAL- Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona 11016 Israel
| | - Ran Ben-Adiva
- MIGAL- Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona 11016 Israel
| | - Itamar Yadid
- MIGAL- Galilee Research Institute; Kiryat-Shmona 11016 Israel
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology; Tel-Hai Academic College; Upper Galilee 12208 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dai Z, Zhang Y, Lu N, Felson DT, Kiel DP, Sahni S. Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Bone Loss in the Framingham Offspring Study. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:241-249. [PMID: 29024045 PMCID: PMC5990003 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber may increase calcium absorption, but its role in bone mineralization is unclear. Furthermore, the health effect of dietary fiber may be different between sexes. We examined the association between dietary fiber (total fiber and fiber from cereal, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes) and bone loss at the femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine (L2 to L4 ) in older men and women. In the Framingham Offspring Study, at baseline (1996-2001), diet was assessed using the Willett food-frequency questionnaire, and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Follow-up BMD was measured in 2001-2005 and 2005-2008 among 792 men (mean age 58.1 years; BMI 28.6 kg/m2 ) and 1065 women (mean age 57.3 years; BMI 27.2 kg/m2 ). We used sex-specific generalized estimating equations in multivariable regressions to estimate the difference (β) of annualized BMD change in percent (%ΔBMD) at each skeletal site per 5 g/d increase in dietary fiber. We further estimated the adjusted mean for bone loss (annualized %ΔBMD) among participants in each higher quartile (Q2, Q3, or Q4) compared with those in the lowest quartile (Q1) of fiber intake. Higher dietary total fiber (β = 0.06, p = 0.003) and fruit fiber (β = 0.10, p = 0.008) was protective against bone loss at the femoral neck in men but not in women. When examined in quartiles, men in Q2-Q4 of total fiber had significantly less bone loss at the femoral neck versus those in Q1 (all p < 0.04). For women, we did not observe associations with hip bone loss, although fiber from vegetables appeared to be protective against spine bone loss in women but not men. There were no associations with cereal fiber or nut and legume fiber and bone loss in men or women. Our findings suggest that higher dietary fiber may modestly reduce bone loss in men at the hip. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Dai
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine
| | - Na Lu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard School of Medicine
| | - David T. Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Clinical
Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston
- Central Manchester Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester
UK
| | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Shivani Sahni
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife and Department of Medicine
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Itaya NM, Oliveira MGXD, Oliveira MCVD, Porreta C, Menão MC, Borges RM, Silva JRMCD, Borges JCS, Knöbl T. Prebiotic effects of inulin extracted from burdock (Arctium lappa) in broilers. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000522016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prebiotic effect of burdock (Arctium lappa) in commercial poultry. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance parameters and the protection after challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kedougou, with and without Bifidobacterium probiotic. In two trials, the chickens were fed with flour burdock 1% during 42 days. In the other two, the chickens were fed with fructan extracted from burdock (inulin), by gavage, at a concentration of 100 mg/bird, during the first three days of life. The results showed that the broilers treated with burdock flour showed underperformed, with less weight gain from the second week, and the worst results in the fattening stage. The treated birds had diarrhea and impaired intestinal integrity. However, the groups treated with the flour had a lower rate of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Kedougou, after challenge. No statistically significant differences were detected in the performance parameters of broilers receiving the inulin, and the morphometric analysis showed no lesions in the intestinal villi. However, there was no protection in the challenge with Salmonella Enteritidis, regardless of association with probiotic. These results demonstrated that the manner of administration has influence on the prebiotic effect of burdock. The burdock flour was administered for 42 days, which may have influenced intestinal mucosal injury. Instead, the inulin was given only in the first three days, which may have been insufficient for protection against Salmonella. New experiments are needed to determine an able formulation for a protective effect, without negative impact on growth, weight gain and feed conversion of the supplemented animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Porreta
- Complexo Educacional Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|