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Pérez Lugo MI, Salas ML, Shrestha A, Ramalingam L. Fish Oil Improves Offspring Metabolic Health of Paternal Obese Mice by Targeting Adipose Tissue. Biomolecules 2024; 14:418. [PMID: 38672435 PMCID: PMC11048145 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a fast-growing epidemic affecting more than 40% of the US population and leads to co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. More importantly, there is a rapid increase in childhood obesity associated with obesity in parents. Further, offspring are encoded with approximately half of their genetic information from the paternal side. Obesity in fathers at the preconceptional period likely influences the intergenerational development of obesity. This study focuses on the role of fish oil supplementation as a non-pharmacological intervention in fathers and its impact on childhood obesity using animal models. Male mice were fed a low-fat diet or high-fat diet with or without fish oil for 10 weeks and mated with female mice on a chow diet. Offspring were then continued on a chow diet until 8 or 16 weeks. In vivo insulin tolerance was tested to assess the metabolic health of offspring. Further, adipose tissue was harvested upon sacrifice, and genetic markers of inflammation and lipid metabolism in the tissue were analyzed. Offspring of males supplemented with fish oil showed lower body weight, improved insulin tolerance, and altered inflammatory markers. Markers of fatty acid oxidation were higher, while markers of fatty acid synthesis were lower in offspring of fathers fed fish oil. This supports fish oil as an accessible intervention to improve offspring metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA (M.L.S.); (A.S.)
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Zhang J, Yi C, Han J, Ming T, Zhou J, Lu C, Li Y, Wang Z, Su X. Dose effect of high-docosahexaenoic acid tuna oil on dysbiosis in high-fat diet mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5531-5543. [PMID: 35368101 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of tuna oil, which is different from the fish oil commonly studied, and its higher docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content, have attracted much scientific attention in recent years. In this study, prepared tuna oil with higher DHA (HDTO) content was employed. It was the first to integrate microbiome and metabolome from a dose-effect perspective to investigate the influence of HDTO on gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese mice. RESULTS Higher DHA tuna oil was effective in reversing high-fat-diet-induced metabolic disorders and altering the composition and function of gut microbiota, but these effects were not uniformly dose dependent. The flora and metabolites that were targeted to be regulated by HDTO supplementation were Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Olsenella, glycine, l-aspartate, l-serine, l-valine, l-isoleucine, l-threonine, l-tyrosine, glyceric acid, glycerol, butanedioic acid, and citrate, respectively. Functional pathway analysis revealed that alterations in these metabolic biomarkers were associated with six main metabolic pathways: glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and the citrate cycle (TCA cycle). CONCLUSION Various doses of HDTO could attenuate endogenous disorders to varying degrees by regulating multiple perturbed pathways to the normal state. This explicit dose research for novel fish oil with high-DHA will provide a valuable reference for those seeking to exploit its clinical therapeutic potential. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Food Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Congmin Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Shandong beiyou biotechnology Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, (Ningbo University) Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Hinds TD, Kipp ZA, Xu M, Yiannikouris FB, Morris AJ, Stec DF, Wahli W, Stec DE. Adipose-Specific PPARα Knockout Mice Have Increased Lipogenesis by PASK-SREBP1 Signaling and a Polarity Shift to Inflammatory Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue. Cells 2021; 11:4. [PMID: 35011564 PMCID: PMC8750478 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor PPARα is associated with reducing adiposity, especially in the liver, where it transactivates genes for β-oxidation. Contrarily, the function of PPARα in extrahepatic tissues is less known. Therefore, we established the first adipose-specific PPARα knockout (PparaFatKO) mice to determine the signaling position of PPARα in adipose tissue expansion that occurs during the development of obesity. To assess the function of PPARα in adiposity, female and male mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow for 30 weeks. Only the male PparaFatKO animals had significantly more adiposity in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with HFD, compared to control littermates. No changes in adiposity were observed in female mice compared to control littermates. In the males, the loss of PPARα signaling in adipocytes caused significantly higher cholesterol esters, activation of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), and a shift in macrophage polarity from M2 to M1 macrophages. We found that the loss of adipocyte PPARα caused significantly higher expression of the Per-Arnt-Sim kinase (PASK), a kinase that activates SREBP-1. The hyperactivity of the PASK-SREBP-1 axis significantly increased the lipogenesis proteins fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) and raised the expression of genes for cholesterol metabolism (Scarb1, Abcg1, and Abca1). The loss of adipocyte PPARα increased Nos2 in the males, an M1 macrophage marker indicating that the population of macrophages had changed to proinflammatory. Our results demonstrate the first adipose-specific actions for PPARα in protecting against lipogenesis, inflammation, and cholesterol ester accumulation that leads to adipocyte tissue expansion in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Zachary A. Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
| | - Mei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
| | - Frederique B. Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA; (Z.A.K.); (M.X.); (F.B.Y.)
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
- Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Donald F. Stec
- Small Molecule NMR Facility Core, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore;
- Toxalim Research Center in Food Toxicology (UMR 1331), INRAE, ENVT, INP—PURPAN, UPS, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David E. Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Illesca P, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Echeverría F, Soto-Alarcón S, Ortiz M, Campos C, Vargas R, Videla LA. The metabolic dysfunction of white adipose tissue induced in mice by a high-fat diet is abrogated by co-administration of docosahexaenoic acid and hydroxytyrosol. Food Funct 2021; 11:9086-9102. [PMID: 33026007 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional interventions are promising tools for the prevention of obesity. The n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) modulates immune and metabolic responses while the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) prevents oxidative stress (OS) in white adipose tissue (WAT). OBJECTIVE The DHA plus HT combined protocol prevents WAT alterations induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Main related mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates) or a high fat diet (HFD) (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) for 12 weeks, without and with supplementation of DHA (50 mg kg-1 day-1), HT (5 mg kg-1 day-1) or both. Measurements of WAT metabolism include morphological parameters, DHA content in phospholipids (gas chromatography), lipogenesis, OS and inflammation markers, mitochondrial activity and gene expression of transcription factors SREBP-1c, PPAR-γ, NF-κB (p65) and Nrf2 (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS The combined DHA and HT intervention attenuated obesity development, suppressing the HFD-induced inflammatory and lipogenic signals, increasing antioxidant defenses, and maintaining the phospholipid LCPUFA n-3 content and mitochondrial function in WAT. At the systemic level, the combined intervention also improved the regulation of glucose and adipokine homeostasis. CONCLUSION The combined DHA and HT protocol appears to be an important nutritional strategy for the treatment of metabolic diseases, with abrogation of obesity-driven metabolic inflammation and recovery of a small-healthy adipocyte phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Illesca
- Laboratory of Studies of Metabolic Diseases Related to Nutrition, Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Echeverría
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sandra Soto-Alarcón
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristian Campos
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Palmisano BT, Yu S, Neuman JC, Zhu L, Luu T, Stafford JM. Low-density lipoprotein receptor is required for cholesteryl ester transfer protein to regulate triglyceride metabolism in both male and female mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14732. [PMID: 33625789 PMCID: PMC7903989 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated triglycerides (TGs) and impaired TG clearance increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in both men and women, but molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a lipid shuttling protein known for its effects on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Although mice lack CETP, transgenic expression of CETP in mice alters TG metabolism in males and females by sex-specific mechanisms. A unifying mechanism explaining how CETP alters TG metabolism in both males and females remains unknown. Since low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) regulates both TG clearance and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) production, LDLR may be involved in CETP-mediated alterations in TG metabolism in both males and females. We hypothesize that LDLR is required for CETP to alter TG metabolism in both males and females. We used LDLR null mice with and without CETP to demonstrate that LDLR is required for CETP to raise plasma TGs and to impair TG clearance in males. We also demonstrate that LDLR is required for CETP to increase TG production and to increase the expression and activity of VLDL synthesis targets in response to estrogen. Additionally, we show that LDLR is required for CETP to enhance β-oxidation. These studies support that LDLR is required for CETP to regulate TG metabolism in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Palmisano
- Tennessee Valley Health SystemVeterans AffairsNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford University Medical CenterStanfordCAUSA
| | - Sophia Yu
- Department of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Joshua C. Neuman
- Department of Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Thao Luu
- Tennessee Valley Health SystemVeterans AffairsNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - John M. Stafford
- Tennessee Valley Health SystemVeterans AffairsNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
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Wang X, Zhao X, Qin X, Zhao Z, Yang B, Wang Y. Immobilized MAS1 Lipase-catalyzed Synthesis of n-3 PUFA-rich Triacylglycerols in Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:227-236. [PMID: 33456003 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich triacylglycerols (TAG) with many beneficial effects are still difficult to be synthesized efficiently and rapidly by current synthetic techniques. This study reports the fatty acid specificity of immobilized MAS1 lipase and its efficient synthesis of n-3 PUFA-rich TAG by esterification of glycerol with n-3 PUFA in natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) systems. Immobilized MAS1 lipase showed the highest preference for capric acid [C10:0, the highest specificity constant (1/α)=1] whereas it discriminated strongly against docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) due to their lowest specificity constants (1/α=0.19 and 0.2). Moreover, the highest n-3 PUFA-rich TAG content (55.8%) with similar n-3 PUFA composition to the substrate was obtained in choline chloride/glycerol (CG) system. There was a 1.38-fold increase of TAG content in CG system compared with that in the solvent-free system. Interestingly, immobilized MAS1 lipase exhibited no regiospecificity in the solvent-free and various NADES systems. Besides, the potential reaction mechanism of immobilized MAS1 lipase-catalyzed esterification of glycerol with n-3 PUFA in NADES systems was described. It was found that the use of NADES as solvents could greatly enhance TAG content, and make it easy to separate the product. These results indicated that immobilized MAS1 lipase is a promising biocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of n-3 PUFA-rich TAG by esterification of glycerol with n-3 PUFA in NADES systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants.,School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology
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Zhang J, Yi C, Han J, Ming T, Zhou J, Lu C, Li Y, Su X. Novel high-docosahexaenoic-acid tuna oil supplementation modulates gut microbiota and alleviates obesity in high-fat diet mice. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:6513-6527. [PMID: 33312536 PMCID: PMC7723182 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have documented the benefits of fish oil in different diseases because of its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, these studies mostly used commercially available fish oil supplements with a ratio of 18/12 for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). However, increasing DHA content for this commonly used ratio might bring out a varied metabolic effect, which have remained unclear. Thus, in this study, a novel tuna oil (TO) was applied to investigate the effect of high-DHA content on the alteration of the gut microbiota and obesity in high-fat diet mice. The results suggest that high-DHA TO (HDTO) supplementation notably ameliorates obesity and related lipid parameters and restores the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. The benefits of TOs were derived from their modification of the gut microbiota composition and structure in mice. A high-fat diet triggered an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio that was remarkably restored by TOs. The number of obesity-promoting bacteria-Desulfovibrio, Paraeggerthella, Terrisporobacter, Millionella, Lachnoclostridium, Anaerobacterium, and Ruminiclostridium-was dramatically reduced. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Alistipes putredinis, and Millionella massiliensis, three dysbiosis-related species, were especially regulated by HDTO. Regarding the prevention of obesity, HDTO outperforms the normal TO. Intriguingly, HDTO feeding to HFD-fed mice might alter the arginine and proline metabolism of intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Faculty of Food ScienceZhejiang Pharmaceutical CollegeNingboChina
| | - Congmin Yi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Tinghong Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Argo‐productsNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- School of Marine ScienceNingbo UniversityNingboChina
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Wang X, Zhao X, Qin X, Zhao Z, Yang B, Wang Y. Properties of immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase and its application in the efficient synthesis of n-3 PUFA-rich triacylglycerols. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:575-584. [PMID: 33216225 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the properties of immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase from marine Streptomyces sp. strain W007 on XAD1180 resin and its application in the synthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich triacylglycerols (TAG) for the first time. It was found that the optimal temperature and pH for both immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase and free lipase MAS1-H108A were 70 °C and 7.0, respectively. However, immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase exhibited higher thermostability when compared with free lipase MAS1-H108A. It was also interesting that both immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase and free lipase MAS1-H108A showed no regiospecificity in the hydrolysis of triolein. Subsequently, immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase and free lipase MAS1-H108A were employed to catalyze glycerolysis of n-3 PUFA-rich ethyl esters (EE) and esterification of n-3 PUFA with glycerol under vacuum in the solvent-free system. The results showed that n-3 PUFA-rich TAG were synthesized efficiently by non-regiospecific immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase and TAG contents separately reached 92.07% and 76.13% during the esterification and glycerolysis reactions, which were significantly higher than those (71.82% and 39.62%, respectively) obtained by free lipase MAS1-H108A. Besides, TAG exhibited similar n-3 PUFA composition to the substrate. These findings indicated that non-regiospecific immobilized MAS1-H108A lipase is a promising and efficient biocatalyst for the industrial synthesis of n-3 PUFA-rich TAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Wang
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian, 351100, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Lauric Acid versus Palmitic Acid: Effects on Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obesity. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110346. [PMID: 33105887 PMCID: PMC7690582 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to compare the effect of palmitic acid (PA), a long-chain fatty acid, and lauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid, on obesity-related metabolic disorders. We used a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and fed them a modified high fat diet supplemented with 3% PA or LA for 12 wk. An LA diet led to an increase in visceral fat mass with a reduction in inflammation compared to the PA diet. We also noted that PA significantly increased systemic insulin resistance whereas LA showed only a trend towards an increase compared to lean control mice. The expression of a protein involved in muscle glucose uptake was higher in LA-treated mice compared to the PA-treated group, indicating improved muscle glucose uptake in LA-fed mice. Analysis of liver samples showed that hepatic steatosis was higher in both PA and LA-fed mice compared to lean controls. Markers of liver inflammation were not altered significantly in mice receiving PA or LA. Our data suggest that compared to PA, LA exerts less adverse effects on metabolic disorders and this could be due to the differential effects of these fatty acids in fat and muscle. Abstract Coconut oil, rich in medium-chain saturated fatty acids (MCSFA), in particular, lauric acid (LA), is known to exert beneficial metabolic effects. Although LA is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in coconut oil, the specific role of LA in altering obesity-related metabolic disorders remains unknown. Here, we examined the effects of supplementing a high fat (HF) diet with purified LA on obesity-associated metabolic derangements in comparison with palmitic acid (PA), a long-chain saturated fatty acid. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control chow diet (CD) or an HF diet supplemented with 3% LA (HF + LA) or PA (HF + PA) for 12 wk. Markers of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, systemic insulin resistance (IR), and hepatic steatosis, were assessed. The body weight and total fat mass were significantly higher in both HF + LA and HF + PA diet-fed groups compared to CD controls. However, the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in HF + LA-fed mice compared to both CD as well as HF + PA-fed mice. Interestingly, markers of AT inflammation were promoted to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed mice compared to HF + PA-fed mice. Thus, immunohistochemical analysis of VAT showed an increase in MCP-1 and IL-6 staining in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice compared to CD controls. Further, the mRNA levels of macrophage and inflammatory markers were significantly higher in HF + PA-fed mice (p < 0.001) whereas these markers were increased to a lesser extent in HF + LA-fed group. Of note, the insulin tolerance test revealed that IR was significantly increased only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed group compared to CD controls. While liver triglycerides were increased significantly in both HF + PA and HF + LA-fed mice, liver weight and plasma markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly only in HF + PA-fed mice but not in HF + LA-fed mice. Taken together, our data suggest that although both LA and PA increased AT inflammation, systemic IR, and liver injury, the extent of metabolic derangements caused by LA was less compared to PA in the setting of high fat feeding.
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Sharma P, Agnihotri N. Fish oil and corn oil induced differential effect on beiging of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in high-fat-diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108458. [PMID: 32738734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterised by excessive accumulation of fat in white adipose tissue (WAT) which is compartmentalised into two anatomically and functionally diverse depots - visceral and subcutaneous. Advice to substitute essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids is a cornerstone of various obesity management strategies. Despite an array of reports on the role of essential PUFAs on obesity, there still exists a lacuna on their mode of action in distinct depots i.e. visceral (VWAT) and subcutaneous (SWAT). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fish oil and corn oil on VWAT and SWAT in high-fat-diet-induced rodent model of obesity. Fish oil (FO) supplementation positively ameliorated the effects of HFD by regulating the anthropometrical and serum lipid parameters. FO led to an overall reduction in fat mass in both depots while specifically inducing beiging of adipocytes in SWAT as indicated by increased UCP1 and PGC1α. We also observed an upregulation of AMPKα and ACC1/2 phosphorylation on FO supplementation in SWAT suggesting a role of AMPK-PGC1α-UCP1 axis in beiging of adipose tissue. On the other hand, corn oil supplementation did not show any improvements in adipose tissue metabolism in both the depots of adipose tissue. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test in Graphpad Prism 5.0. Combined together our results suggest that n-3 PUFAs exert their anti-obesity effect by regulating adipokine secretion and inducing beiging of SWAT, hence increasing energy expenditure via thermogenic upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. Concurrent EPA and DHA Supplementation Impairs Brown Adipogenesis of C2C12 Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32595696 PMCID: PMC7303889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is considered to play positive roles in fetal neuro system development. However, maternal n−3 PUFAs may induce molecular reprogramming of uncommitted fetal myoblasts into adipocyte phenotype, in turn affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure of the offspring. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the combined effects of EPA and DHA on C2C12 cells undergoing brown adipogenic differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with brown adipogenic differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and 50 μM DHA. After differentiation, mRNA and protein samples were collected. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. General Proteomics analysis was conducted using mass spectrometric evaluation. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XFP Analyzer. Cells treated with n−3 PUFAs had significantly less (P < 0.05) expression of the brown adipocyte marker genes PGC1α, DIO2, and UCP3. Expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes TFAM, PGC1α, and PGC1β were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs treatment. Expression of mitochondrial electron transportation chain (ETC)-regulated genes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs, including ATP5J2, COX7a1, and COX8b. Mass spectrometric and western blot evaluation showed protein levels of enzymes which regulate the ETC and Krebs cycle, including ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A ligase, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (complex III), aconitate hydratase, cytochrome c, and pyruvate carboxylase were all decreased in the n−3 PUFAs group (P < 0.05). Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EPA and DHA may alter the BAT fate of myoblasts by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and induce white-like adipogenesis, shifting the metabolism from lipid oxidation to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Harari A, Leikin Frenkel A, Barshack I, Sagee A, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Harats D, Kandel Kfir M, Shaish A. Addition of fish oil to atherogenic high fat diet inhibited atherogenesis while olive oil did not, in LDL receptor KO mice. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:709-716. [PMID: 32007335 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mediterranean diet has been associated with decreased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both fish and olive oil are key components of this diet. Therefore, we compared their effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherogenesis in a mouse model, fed a high fat diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty nine, female LDL receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice were allocated into 3 groups and fed an atherogenic high fat (HF) diet for 9 weeks. The HF group was fed a high fat diet alone. A HF + OO group was fed a HF diet with added olive oil (60 ml/kg feed), and the third group (HF + FO) was fed a HF diet with added fish oil (60 ml/kg feed). Both additions of fish and olive oil, significantly decreased plasma cholesterol elevation compared to HF diet. Nevertheless, only fish oil addition reduced significantly atherosclerotic lesion area by 51% compared to HF group. Liver levels of eicosapentenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were several folds higher in HF + FO group than in HF and HF + OO groups. Liver levels of oleic acid were higher in HF + OO compared to the other groups. Moreover, Fish oil addition significantly decreased NAFLD scores related to steatosis and inflammation and lowered the expression of the inflammatory genes interleukin 6 (IL6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). CONCLUSION These results suggest that fish oil addition on top of an atherogenic, HF diet, is beneficial, while olive oil is not, in its effect on plaque formation and NAFLD in LDLR KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Harari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Alicia Leikin Frenkel
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aviv Sagee
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
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Saraswathi V, Heineman R, Alnouti Y, Shivaswamy V, Desouza CV. A combination of Omega-3 PUFAs and COX inhibitors: A novel strategy to manage obesity-linked dyslipidemia and adipose tissue inflammation. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107494. [PMID: 31787562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that fish oil in combination with cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors exerts enhanced hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice. Here, we sought to determine the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) in combination with naproxen (NX), a COX inhibitor, on dyslipidemia and gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) in humans. Obese dyslipidemic patients were randomly assigned to one of these interventions for 12 wk: 1) Standard nutrition counseling (control), 2) ω-3 PUFAs (2 g twice daily), 3) NX (220 mg twice daily), and 4) ω-3 PUFAs (2 g twice daily) + NX (220 mg twice daily). The serum triglycerides showed a trend towards a reduction and a significant reduction (P<0.05) in ω-3 and ω3 + NX-treated subjects, respectively, compared to control. The mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (Vcam1), an inflammatory marker, increased significantly in AT of ω-3 PUFA-treated subjects but not in ω-3 PUFAs+NX-treated group. The plasma level of glycine-conjugated hyodeoxycholic acid, a secondary bile acid with hypolipidemic property, increased significantly in ω-3 PUFAs + NX-treated group. Our data suggest that combining NX with ω-3 PUFAs increases their effectiveness in reducing serum TG and favorably altering AT gene expression and plasma bile acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States of America; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Robert Heineman
- Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States of America; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Vijay Shivaswamy
- Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States of America; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Cyrus V Desouza
- Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, United States of America; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States of America.
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He Z, Hao W, Kwek E, Lei L, Liu J, Zhu H, Ma KY, Zhao Y, Ho HM, He WS, Chen ZY. Fish Oil Is More Potent than Flaxseed Oil in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Reducing Trimethylamine- N-oxide-Exacerbated Atherogenesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13635-13647. [PMID: 31736303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. We compared the potency of fish oil with flaxseed oil in reducing TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis. Five groups of ApoE-/- mice were given one of five diets, namely, a low-fat diet, a Western high fat diet (WD), a WD plus 0.2% TMAO, and two WDs containing 0.2% TMAO with 50% lard being replaced by flaxseed oil or fish oil. TMAO accelerated atherosclerosis and disturbed cholesterol homeostasis. Compared with flaxseed oil, fish oil was more effective in inhibiting TMAO-induced atherogenesis by lowering plasma cholesterol and inflammatory cytokines. Both oils could reverse TMAO-induced decrease in fecal acidic sterols. Fish oil promoted fecal output of neutral sterols and downregulated hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. Fish oil was more effective than flaxseed oil in promoting the growth of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and lowering microbial generation of lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, fish oil is more potent than flaxseed oil to ameliorate TMAO-exacerbated atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouyan He
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Wangjun Hao
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Erika Kwek
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Lin Lei
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
- College of Food Science , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Ka Ying Ma
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
| | - Hing Man Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wen-Sen He
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Jiangsu University , 301 Xuefu Road , Zhenjiang 212013 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , NT, Hong Kong , China
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15
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Möller R, Nürnberg G, Albrecht E, Ruth W, Brockmann GA, Dannenberger D. A Method for Analyzing Fatty Acids in Cattle Hair, with Special Emphasis on Lauric Acid and Myristic Acid. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Möller
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin 10099 Germany
| | - Gerd Nürnberg
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf 18196 Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf 18196 Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ruth
- Institute of Chemistry Rostock University Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Gudrun A. Brockmann
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute for Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin 10099 Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth and Institute of Genetics and Biometry Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf 18196 Germany
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Meital LT, Windsor MT, Perissiou M, Schulze K, Magee R, Kuballa A, Golledge J, Bailey TG, Askew CD, Russell FD. Omega-3 fatty acids decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages from patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12978. [PMID: 31506475 PMCID: PMC6736886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter of which contributes to activation of macrophages, a prominent cell type in AAA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been reported to limit oxidative stress in animal models of AAA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on antioxidant defence in macrophages from patients with AAA. Cells were obtained from men with small AAA (diameter 3.0–4.5 cm, 75 ± 6 yr, n = 19) and age- matched male controls (72 ± 5 yr, n = 41) and incubated with DHA for 1 h before exposure to 0.1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. DHA supplementation decreased the concentration of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; control, 42.1 ± 13.6 to 5.1 ± 2.1 pg/ml, p < 0.01; AAA, 25.2 ± 9.8 to 1.9 ± 0.9 pg/ml, p < 0.01) and interleukin-6 (IL-6; control, 44.9 ± 7.7 to 5.9 ± 2.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001; AAA, 24.3 ± 5.2 to 0.5 ± 0.3 pg/ml, p < 0.001) in macrophage supernatants. DHA increased glutathione peroxidase activity (control, 3.2 ± 0.3 to 4.1 ± 0.2 nmol/min/ml/μg protein, p = 0.004; AAA, 2.3 ± 0.5 to 3.4 ± 0.5 nmol/min/ml/μg protein, p = 0.008) and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression (control, 1.5-fold increase, p < 0.001). The improvements in macrophage oxidative stress status serve as a stimulus for further investigation of DHA in patients with AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara T Meital
- Centre for Genetics, Ecology & Physiology, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia.,VasoActive Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | - Mark T Windsor
- VasoActive Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | - Maria Perissiou
- VasoActive Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Rebecca Magee
- Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Qld, Australia
| | - Anna Kuballa
- Centre for Genetics, Ecology & Physiology, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia
| | - Tom G Bailey
- VasoActive Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia.,Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Christopher D Askew
- VasoActive Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia
| | - Fraser D Russell
- Centre for Genetics, Ecology & Physiology, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia. .,VasoActive Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Qld, Australia.
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Zhang LY, Ding L, Shi HH, Xu J, Xue CH, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Eicosapentaenoic acid in the form of phospholipids exerts superior anti-atherosclerosis effects to its triglyceride form in ApoE−/−mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:4177-4188. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
EPA-PL was superior to EPA-TG in reducing lesion progression by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and decreasing inflammation in the artery wall and circulatory system, which might be attributed to the structural differences at the sn-3 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
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Effects of fermented Sorghum bicolor L. Moench extract on inflammation and thickness in a vascular cell and atherosclerotic mice model. J Nat Med 2018; 73:34-46. [PMID: 30066240 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-018-1231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of coronary heart disease. As a result of the development of atherosclerotic lesions, the walls of blood vessels become thicker and inhibit blood circulation. Atherosclerosis is caused by a high-fat diet and vascular injury. Chronic arterial inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In particular, secretion of the pro-atherogenic cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α induces expression of endothelial adhesion molecules including P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), which mediate attachment of circulating monocytes and lymphocytes. In this study, we examined the anti-atherosclerotic effect of sorghum, which is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. A 50% ethanol extract of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench fermented with Aspergillus oryzae NK (fSBE) was used for experiments. In vitro expression of endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and pro-inflammatory factor cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly decreased and that of the anti-atherogenic factor heme oxygenase-1 significantly increased by fSBE (P < 0.05). At the in vivo level, we examined fat droplets of liver tissue, and aortic thickness via histological analysis, and determined the blood lipid profile through chemical analysis. fSBE at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly improved blood and vascular health (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results demonstrate that fSBE has potential as a therapeutic anti-atherosclerotic agent.
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Rodrigues AH, Moreira CCL, Neves MJ, Botion LM, Chaves VE. Replacement of soybean oil by fish oil increases cytosolic lipases activities in liver and adipose tissue from rats fed a high-carbohydrate diets. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Insight into the contribution of isoprostanoids to the health effects of omega 3 PUFAs. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:111-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Wang W, Yang H, Johnson D, Gensler C, Decker E, Zhang G. Chemistry and biology of ω-3 PUFA peroxidation-derived compounds. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Yang W, Chen X, Chen M, Li Y, Li Q, Jiang X, Yang Y, Ling W. Fish oil supplementation inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves insulin resistance: involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase. Food Funct 2017; 8:1481-1493. [PMID: 28327709 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of fish oil consumption on glucose metabolism have been generally reported. However, the mechanism underlying the fish oil-induced protective effects against insulin resistance remains unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is recognized as an important contributor to insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether fish oil supplementation reduces ER stress and ameliorates insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice, and to investigate the molecular mechanism of fish oil-induced benefits on ER stress. C57BL/6J mice were fed one of the following diets for 12 weeks: the low-fat diet (LFD), the high-fat diet (HFD) or the fish oil-supplemented high-fat diet (FOD). Fish oil supplementation led to lower blood glucose, better glucose tolerance and improved insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Importantly, fish oil administration inhibited high-fat feeding-induced ER stress and reduced adipose tissue dysfunction. The fish oil-induced improvements were accompanied by the elevation of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in white adipose tissue. Correspondingly, the results of in vitro experiments showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the fish oil used in the study, led to a dose-dependent increase in AMPK phosphorylation and suppressed palmitic acid (PA)-triggered ER stress in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, AMPK inhibitor (compound C) treatment largely blocked the effects of DHA to inhibit PA-induced ER stress. Our data indicate that n-3 PUFAs suppress ER stress in adipocytes through AMPK activation, and may thereby exert protective effects against high-fat feeding-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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23
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Kheder R, Hobkirk J, Saeed Z, Janus J, Carroll S, Browning MJ, Stover C. Vitamin D 3 supplementation of a high fat high sugar diet ameliorates prediabetic phenotype in female LDLR -/- and LDLR +/+ mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:151-162. [PMID: 28474500 PMCID: PMC5418139 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementary Vitamin D3 , to improve aspects of metabolic syndrome, namely fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with obesity. METHODS We analyzed female LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+ mice on a 10-week diabetogenic diet for markers of fatty liver disease, metabolic strain, and inflammation. RESULTS The groups on a high fat high sugar diet with supplementary Vitamin D3 , in comparison with the groups on a high fat high sugar diet alone, showed improved transaminase levels, significantly less hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia, and histologically, there was less pericentral hepatic steatosis. Levels of non-esterified fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lower in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3 , as were systemic markers of inflammation (serum endotoxin and IL-6). M2 macrophage phenotype predominated in the group supplemented with additional Vitamin D3 . Beneficial changes were observed as early as five weeks' supplementation with Vitamin D3 and extended to restoration of high fat high sugar diet induced decrease of bone mineral density. CONCLUSION In summary, Vitamin D3 was a significantly beneficial dietary additive to blunt a prediabetic phenotype in diet-induced obesity of female LDLR-/- and LDLR+/+ mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiar Kheder
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- College of Nursing, University of Raparin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - James Hobkirk
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Zeayd Saeed
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Nursing, Technical institute of Samawa, Iraq
| | - Justyna Janus
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Michael J Browning
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Immunology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK
| | - Cordula Stover
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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24
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Huang CW, Chen YJ, Yang JT, Chen CY, Ajuwon KM, Chen SE, Su NW, Chen YS, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Docosahexaenoic acid increases accumulation of adipocyte triacylglycerol through up-regulation of lipogenic gene expression in pigs. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:33. [PMID: 28173868 PMCID: PMC5297193 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changing dietary fatty acid composition in modern diet influences the prevalence of obesity. Increasing evidences suggest favorable effects of n-3 PUFA for protecting against obesity and the metabolic syndrome. However, the regulation of n-3 PUFA in adipose is still unclear. Thus, this study addressed metabolism of different dietary fats in the adipose tissue of porcine model. Methods Eight-week-old cross-bred pigs were randomly assigned to three groups and fed a 2% fat diet for 30 days from either soybean oil (SBO), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or beef tallow. An in vitro experiment was conducted in which linoleic acid (LA), DHA or oleic acid (OA) were added to represent the major fatty acid in the SBO-, DHA- or BT- diets, respectively. Adipocytes size and lipid metabolism related genes were analyzed. Results Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) was lower in DHA- than in BT-fed pigs, and the product of lipolysis, glycerol was highest in BT-fed pigs. In addition, expression of the lipolytic genes, adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone sensitive lipase was higher in BT-fed pigs and with OA treatment in vitro. DHA promoted protein kinase A activity in pigs without affecting lipolytic genes. Adipocyte cell sizes, TAG content and expression of lipogenic-related genes including, adipose differentiated related protein (ADRP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) were elevated by DHA in vivo and in vitro, indicating DHA promoted adipogenesis to trap TAG in adipose tissue. Fatty acid β-oxidation genes were increased in the DHA-fed pigs. Conclusion This effect was partly explained by the effect of DHA to promote adipogenesis to trap TAG in adipocytes and also increase expression of genes involved in adipocyte fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, our results suggest a direct effect of DHA on adipocyte metabolism, resulting in TAG turnover and fatty acid dissipation to facilitate plasma lipid uptake from the circulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0428-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist, Taipei City, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist, Taipei City, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist, Taipei City, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2054, USA
| | - Shuen-Ei Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist, Taipei City, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Harry J Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist, Taipei City, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist, Taipei City, 10672, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan.
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25
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Saraswathi V, Perriotte-Olson C, Ganesan M, Desouza CV, Alnouti Y, Duryee MJ, Thiele GM, Nordgren TM, Clemens DL. A combination of dietary N-3 fatty acids and a cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:149-159. [PMID: 28187366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine whether a combination of purified n-3 fatty acids (n-3) and SC-560 (SC), a cyclooxygenase-1-specific inhibitor, is effective in ameliorating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obesity. Female wild-type mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HF) supplemented with n-3 in the presence or absence of SC. Mice treated with SC alone exhibited no change in liver lipids, whereas n-3-fed mice tended to have lower hepatic lipids. Mice given n-3+SC had significantly lower liver lipids compared with HF controls indicating enhanced lipid clearance. Total and sulfated bile acids were significantly higher only in n-3+SC-treated mice compared with chow diet (CD) controls. Regarding mechanisms, the level of pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor regulating drug/bile detoxification, was significantly higher in mice given n-3 or n-3+SC. Studies in precision-cut liver slices and in cultured hepatoma cells showed that n-3+SC enhanced not only the expression/activation of PXR and its target genes but also the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), another regulator of bile synthesis/clearance, indicating that n-3+SC can induce both PXR and FXR. The mRNA level of FGFR4 which inhibits bile formation showed a significant reduction in Huh 7 cells upon n-3 and n-3+SC treatment. PXR overexpression in hepatoma cells confirmed that n-3 or SC each induced the expression of PXR target genes and in combination had an enhanced effect. Our findings suggest that combining SC with n-3 potentiates its lipid-lowering effect, in part, by enhanced PXR and/or altered FXR/FGFR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Curtis Perriotte-Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cyrus V Desouza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dahn L Clemens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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26
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Roy J, Fauconnier J, Oger C, Farah C, Angebault-Prouteau C, Thireau J, Bideaux P, Scheuermann V, Bultel-Poncé V, Demion M, Galano JM, Durand T, Lee JCY, Le Guennec JY. Non-enzymatic oxidized metabolite of DHA, 4(RS)-4-F 4t-neuroprostane protects the heart against reperfusion injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:229-239. [PMID: 27932075 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction leads to an increase in oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 4(RS)-4-F4t-Neuroprostane (4-F4t-NeuroP) is a mediator produced by non-enzymatic free radical peroxidation of the cardioprotective polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this study, we investigated whether intra-cardiac delivery of 4-F4t-NeuroP (0.03mg/kg) prior to occlusion (ischemia) prevents and protects rat myocardium from reperfusion damages. Using a rat model of ischemic-reperfusion (I/R), we showed that intra-cardiac infusion of 4-F4t-NeuroP significantly decreased infarct size following reperfusion (-27%) and also reduced ventricular arrhythmia score considerably during reperfusion (-41%). Most notably, 4-F4t-NeuroP decreased ventricular tachycardia and post-reperfusion lengthening of QT interval. The evaluation of the mitochondrial homeostasis indicates a limitation of mitochondrial swelling in response to Ca2+ by decreasing the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and increasing mitochondria membrane potential. On the other hand, mitochondrial respiration measured by oxygraphy, and mitochondrial ROS production measured with MitoSox red® were unchanged. We found decreased cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activity, indicating that 4-F4t-NeuroP prevented reperfusion damages and reduced apoptosis. In conclusion, 4-F4t-NeuroP derived from DHA was able to protect I/R cardiac injuries by regulating the mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérémy Fauconnier
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- IBMM, CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jérôme Thireau
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Bideaux
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Scheuermann
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie Demion
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- IBMM, CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, CNRS UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Le Guennec
- Inserm U1046 - UMR CNRS 9214 PHYMEDEX, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Tan P, Dong X, Mai K, Xu W, Ai Q. Vegetable oil induced inflammatory response by altering TLR-NF-κB signalling, macrophages infiltration and polarization in adipose tissue of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:398-405. [PMID: 27818336 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High level of vegetable oil (VO) in diets could induce strong inflammatory response, and thus decrease nonspecific immunity and disease resistance in most marine fish species. The present study was conducted to investigate whether dietary VO could exert these anti-immunological effects by altering TLR-NF-κB signalling, macrophages infiltration and polarization in adipose tissue of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipid diets with 0% (FO, fish oil, the control), 50% (FV, fish oil and vegetable oil mixed) and 100% (VO, vegetable oil) vegetable oil were fed to fish with three replicates for ten weeks. The results showed that activities of respiratory burst (RB) and alternative complement pathway (ACP), as well as disease resistance after immune challenge were significantly decreased in large yellow croaker fed VO diets compared to FO diets. Inflammatory response of experimental fish was markedly elevated by VO reflected by increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β and TNFα) and decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokine (arginase I and IL10) genes expression. TLR-related genes expression, nucleus p65 protein, IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation were all significantly increased in the AT of large yellow croaker fed VO diets. Moreover, the expression of macrophage infiltration marker proteins (cluster of differentiation 68 [CD68] and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor [CSF1R]) was significantly increased while the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization marker proteins (macrophage mannose receptor 1 [MRC1] and cluster of differentiation 209 [CD209]) was significantly decreased in the AT of large yellow croaker fed VO diets. In conclusion, VO could induce inflammatory responses by activating TLR-NF-κB signalling, increasing macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and polarization of macrophage in large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Liu L, Hu Q, Wu H, Xue Y, Cai L, Fang M, Liu Z, Yao P, Wu Y, Gong Z. Protective role of n6/n3 PUFA supplementation with varying DHA/EPA ratios against atherosclerosis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Svahn SL, Väremo L, Gabrielsson BG, Peris E, Nookaew I, Grahnemo L, Sandberg AS, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Jansson JO, Nielsen J, Johansson ME. Six Tissue Transcriptomics Reveals Specific Immune Suppression in Spleen by Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155099. [PMID: 27166587 PMCID: PMC4864434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are suggested to modulate immune function, but the effects of dietary fatty acids composition on gene expression patterns in immune organs have not been fully characterized. In the current study we investigated how dietary fatty acids composition affects the total transcriptome profile, and especially, immune related genes in two immune organs, spleen (SPL) and bone marrow cells (BMC). Four tissues with metabolic function, skeletal muscle (SKM), white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and liver (LIV), were investigated as a comparison. Following 8 weeks on low fat diet (LFD), high fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fatty acids (HFD-S), or HFD rich in PUFA (HFD-P), tissue transcriptomics were analyzed by microarray and metabolic health assessed by fasting blood glucose level, HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test as well as quantification of crown-like structures in WAT. HFD-P corrected the metabolic phenotype induced by HFD-S. Interestingly, SKM and BMC were relatively inert to the diets, whereas the two adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) were mainly affected by HFD per se (both HFD-S and HFD-P). In particular, WAT gene expression was driven closer to that of the immune organs SPL and BMC by HFDs. The LIV exhibited different responses to both of the HFDs. Surprisingly, the spleen showed a major response to HFD-P (82 genes differed from LFD, mostly immune genes), while it was not affected at all by HFD-S (0 genes differed from LFD). In conclusion, the quantity and composition of dietary fatty acids affected the transcriptome in distinct manners in different organs. Remarkably, dietary PUFA, but not saturated fat, prompted a specific regulation of immune related genes in the spleen, opening the possibility that PUFA can regulate immune function by influencing gene expression in this organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Svahn
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Väremo
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt G Gabrielsson
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eduard Peris
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Dept. of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - John-Olov Jansson
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Dept. of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria E Johansson
- Dept. of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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The Use of Kits in the Analysis of Tissue Lipids Requires Validation. Lipids 2016; 51:497-504. [PMID: 26949102 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The ready availability and ease of use of kits for the measurement of serum lipids has greatly facilitated these measurements. In many cases it would be convenient to use these kits in the determination of lipid concentrations in tissues. The successful application of serum kits in tissue analysis requires that two important issues be considered. First, the solvent system for the extraction of the lipids and the solvent used for analysis by the kit must be compatible with the reactions in the kit. Second, the concentration range in the analyzed solution must be within the range for which the kit is used. We report here that lipids in liver and adipose tissues may be significantly underestimated by the use of some kits. We recommend that the use of kits for tissue analysis of lipids be validated for the specific analysis.
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31
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Jensen IJ, Walquist M, Liaset B, Elvevoll EO, Eilertsen KE. Dietary intake of cod and scallop reduces atherosclerotic burden in female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a Western-type high fat diet for 13 weeks. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:8. [PMID: 26839578 PMCID: PMC4735963 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is now increasingly recognized that the beneficial effects of seafood consumption is not limited to lipids and fatty acid, but that the protein part, i.e., peptides and amino acids, together with vitamins and even unknown bioactive constituents also are important for disease prevention. This study was designed to evaluate the putative anti-atherogenic effects of different protein sources (a lean seafood and a nonseafood) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Methods Twenty-four 5-week-old female apoE−/− mice were fed Western type diets containing chicken or a combination of cod and scallops as dietary protein sources for 13 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque burden, weight, serum levels of leptin, glucose and LDL cholesterol as well as gene expressions from liver and heart were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Differences between the variables were evaluated using independent t-test or Mann–Whitney U test for normally and non-normally distributed variables, respectively. Normality was defined by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Results The mice fed cod-scallop had a 24 % (p < 0.05) reduced total aorta atherosclerotic plaque burden compared to the chicken fed group, whereas the reduction in plaque in the less lesion prone thoracic and abdominal parts of the descending aorta were 46 % (p < 0.05) and 56 % (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, mice fed cod-scallop gained less weight, and had lower serum levels of leptin, glucose and LDL cholesterol, compared to those fed chicken. Analysis of expression of the genes from liver and heart showed that hepatic endogenous antioxidant paraoxonase 2 (Pon2 gene) and the vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1 (Vcam1 gene) were down regulated in mice fed cod-scallop compared to mice fed chicken. Conclusion The present study revealed a metabolic beneficial effect of lean seafood compared to chicken, as atherosclerotic plaque burden, serum glucose, leptin and LDL cholesterol levels were reduced in mice fed cod-scallop. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0068-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida-Johanne Jensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mari Walquist
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, 5004 Bergen, Norway
| | - Edel O Elvevoll
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Jump DB, Depner CM, Tripathy S, Lytle KA. Impact of dietary fat on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Ldlr-/- mice. Proc Nutr Soc 2016; 75:1-9. [PMID: 26282529 PMCID: PMC4720541 DOI: 10.1017/s002966511500244x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased in parallel with central obesity and is now the most common chronic liver disease in developed countries. NAFLD is defined as excessive accumulation of lipid in the liver, i.e. hepatosteatosis. The severity of NAFLD ranges from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Simple steatosis is relatively benign until it progresses to NASH, which is characterised by hepatic injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Hepatic fibrosis is a risk factor for cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Our studies have focused on the impact of diet on the onset and progression of NASH. We developed a mouse model of NASH by feeding Ldlr-/- mice a western diet (WD), a diet moderately high in saturated and trans-fat, sucrose and cholesterol. The WD induced a NASH phenotype in Ldlr-/- mice that recapitulates many of the clinical features of human NASH. We also assessed the capacity of the dietary n-3 PUFA, i.e. EPA (20 : 5,n-3) and DHA (22 : 6,n-3), to prevent WD-induced NASH in Ldlr-/- mice. Histologic, transcriptomic, lipidomic and metabolomic analyses established that DHA was equal or superior to EPA at attenuating WD-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Dietary n-3 PUFA, however, had no significant effect on WD-induced changes in body weight, body fat or blood glucose. These studies provide a molecular and metabolic basis for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of using dietary n-3 PUFA to prevent NASH in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B. Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Christopher M. Depner
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Sasmita Tripathy
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Kelli A. Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon, 97331, USA
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Todorčević M, Hodson L. The Effect of Marine Derived n-3 Fatty Acids on Adipose Tissue Metabolism and Function. J Clin Med 2015; 5:jcm5010003. [PMID: 26729182 PMCID: PMC4730128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue function is key determinant of metabolic health, with specific nutrients being suggested to play a role in tissue metabolism. One such group of nutrients are the n-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Results from studies where human, animal and cellular models have been utilised to investigate the effects of EPA and/or DHA on white adipose tissue/adipocytes suggest anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects. We review here evidence for these effects, specifically focusing on studies that provide some insight into metabolic pathways or processes. Of note, limited work has been undertaken investigating the effects of EPA and DHA on white adipose tissue in humans whilst more work has been undertaken using animal and cellular models. Taken together it would appear that EPA and DHA have a positive effect on lowering lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis and decreasing inflammation, all of which would be beneficial for adipose tissue biology. What remains to be elucidated is the duration and dose required to see a favourable effect of EPA and DHA in vivo in humans, across a range of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Todorčević
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, OX3 7LE Oxford, UK.
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Picklo MJ, Murphy EJ. A High-Fat, High-Oleic Diet, But Not a High-Fat, Saturated Diet, Reduces Hepatic α-Linolenic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Content in Mice. Lipids 2015; 51:537-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jump DB, Depner CM, Tripathy S, Lytle KA. Potential for dietary ω-3 fatty acids to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and reduce the risk of primary liver cancer. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:694-702. [PMID: 26567194 PMCID: PMC4642422 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.009423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased in parallel with central obesity, and its prevalence is anticipated to increase as the obesity epidemic remains unabated. NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries and is defined as excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, that is, hepatosteatosis. NAFLD ranges in severity from benign fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and NASH is characterized by hepatic injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. NASH can progress to cirrhosis, and cirrhosis is a risk factor for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevention of NASH will lower the risk of cirrhosis and NASH-associated HCC. Our studies have focused on NASH prevention. We developed a model of NASH by using mice with the LDL cholesterol receptor gene ablated fed the Western diet (WD). The WD induces a NASH phenotype in these mice that is similar to that seen in humans and includes robust induction of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. With the use of transcriptomic, lipidomic, and metabolomic approaches, we examined the capacity of 2 dietary ω-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω-3; DHA), to prevent WD-induced NASH. Dietary DHA was superior to EPA at attenuating WD-induced changes in plasma lipids and hepatic injury and at reversing WD effects on hepatic metabolism, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The outcome of these studies suggests that DHA may be useful in preventing NASH and reducing the risk of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Docosahexaenoic Acids
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use
- Fatty Liver
- Hepatitis
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/epidemiology
- Obesity/etiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald B Jump
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Christopher M Depner
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sasmita Tripathy
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Kelli A Lytle
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Adi N, Perriotte-Olson C, Desouza C, Ramalingam R, Saraswathi V. Hematopoietic cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency increases adipose tissue inflammation and adiposity in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2037-45. [PMID: 26316178 PMCID: PMC6368065 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue (AT) macrophages mediate AT inflammation in obesity, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a major inflammatory gene. It was hypothesized that deletion of hematopoietic COX-2 will inhibit AT inflammation in obesity. METHODS Lethally irradiated wild-type (WT) mice were injected with bone marrow (BM) cells collected from WT or COX-2 knock-out (COX-2-/-) donor mice and fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. RESULTS The mice that received BM cells from COX-2-/- mice (BM-COX-2-/-) gained increased body weight, fat mass, and visceral AT (VAT) mass. These mice exhibited reduced inflammatory markers in the VAT stromal vascular cells (SVC). However, the inflammatory markers were increased in adipocyte fraction and/or whole VAT. The activation of ERK1/2 MAPK, a pro-inflammatory signaling pathway, was increased in BM-COX-2-/- mice. The molecular markers of adipogenesis were increased in the VAT or adipocyte fraction. Wnt signaling markers which inhibit adipogenesis, including Wnt3A and DVL3, were reduced, and Wnt5a/b which promotes inflammation was increased in the VAT and/or adipocytes. Finally, an increase in hepatic triglyceride levels in BM-COX-2-/- mice was noted. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that COX-2 deletion in hematopoietic cells reduces SVC inflammation but increases VAT inflammation and promotes adiposity likely via altered Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Adi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Curtis Perriotte-Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Cyrus Desouza
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ramesh Ramalingam
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Nebraska Medical Center
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Address correspondence to: Viswanathan Saraswathi, Research Services, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE. Ph: 402-995-3033; Fax: 402-449-0604;
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Bargut TCL, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. A high-fish-oil diet prevents adiposity and modulates white adipose tissue inflammation pathways in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:960-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Straka S, Lester JL, Cole RM, Andridge RR, Puchala S, Rose AM, Clinton SK, Belury MA, Yee LD. Incorporation of eicosapentaenioic and docosahexaenoic acids into breast adipose tissue of women at high risk of breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial of dietary fish and n-3 fatty acid capsules. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1780-90. [PMID: 26081224 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The fatty acid profile of dietary lipids is reflected in mammary adipose tissue and may influence mammary gland biology and cancer risk. To determine the effects of fish consumption on breast adipose tissue fatty acids, we conducted a study of fish versus n-3 PUFA supplements in women at increased risk of breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS High risk women were randomized to comparable doses of marine n-3 PUFAs as canned salmon + albacore or capsules for 3 months. Pre- and posttreatment fatty acid profiles were obtained by GC. Dietary fish (n = 12) and n-3 PUFA capsules (n = 13) yielded increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma (p < 0.0001), erythrocyte membranes (p < 0.0001), and breast fat (p < 0.01) at 3 months. Women taking capsules had higher plasma and erythrocyte membrane EPA changes (∼four versus twofold, p = 0.002), without significant differences in DHA. Increases in breast adipose EPA, DHA were similar for both groups. Higher BMI correlated with smaller changes in plasma, erythrocyte membrane EPA, and breast adipose EPA, DHA. Adherence was excellent at 93.9% overall and higher in the fish arm (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Fish provides an excellent source of n-3 PUFAs that increases breast adipose EPA, DHA similar to supplements and represents a well-tolerated intervention for future studies of the impact of n-3 PUFAs and dietary patterns on breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Straka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne L Lester
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca R Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah Puchala
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Angela M Rose
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa D Yee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Hill AA, Reid Bolus W, Hasty AH. A decade of progress in adipose tissue macrophage biology. Immunol Rev 2015; 262:134-52. [PMID: 25319332 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One decade has passed since seminal publications described macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue (AT) as a key contributor to inflammation and obesity-related insulin resistance. Currently, a PubMed search for 'adipose tissue inflammation' reveals over 3500 entries since these original reports. We now know that resident macrophages in lean AT are alternatively activated, M2-like, and play a role in AT homeostasis. In contrast, the macrophages in obese AT are dramatically increased in number and are predominantly classically activated, M1-like, and promote inflammation and insulin resistance. Mediators of AT macrophage (ATM) phenotype include adipokines and fatty acids secreted from adipocytes as well as cytokines secreted from other immune cells in AT. There are several mechanisms that could explain the large increase in ATMs in obesity. These include recruitment-dependent mechanisms such as adipocyte death, chemokine release, and lipolysis of fatty acids. Newer evidence also points to recruitment-independent mechanisms such as impaired apoptosis, increased proliferation, and decreased egress. Although less is known about the homeostatic function of M2-like resident ATMs, recent evidence suggests roles in AT expansion, thermoregulation, antigen presentation, and iron homeostasis. The field of immunometabolism has come a long way in the past decade, and many exciting new discoveries are bound to be made in the coming years that will expand our understanding of how AT stands at the junction of immune and metabolic co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Hill
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Non-enzymatic cyclic oxygenated metabolites of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid: Bioactive drugs? Biochimie 2015; 120:56-61. [PMID: 26112019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic oxygenated metabolites derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are formed in vivo through free radical reaction under oxidative stress conditions. It has been over twenty-five years since the discovery of cyclic oxygenated metabolites derived from arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6), the isoprostanes, and since then they have become biomarkers of choice for assessing in vivo OS in humans and animals. Chemical synthesis of n-3 PUFA isoprostanoids such as F3-Isoprostanes from eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3), and F4-Neuroprostanes from docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-6) unravelled novel and unexpected biological properties of such omega-3 non-enzymatic cyclic metabolites as highlighted in this review.
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Speck N, Brandsch C, Schmidt N, Yazdekhasti N, Hirche F, Lucius R, Rimbach G, Stangl GI, Reiss K. The Antiatherogenic Effect of Fish Oil in Male Mice Is Associated with a Diminished Release of Endothelial ADAM17 and ADAM10 Substrates. J Nutr 2015; 145:1218-26. [PMID: 25926412 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 (ADAM17) and ADAM10 contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. ADAM17 promotes inflammatory processes by liberating tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). ADAM17 and ADAM10 modulate vascular permeability by cleaving endothelial adhesion molecules such as junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), respectively. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate whether a link might exist between the protective effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation against atherosclerosis and ADAM function. METHODS Male LDL receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) mice and male wild-type (WT) mice were fed a Western diet (200 g/kg fat, 1.5 g/kg cholesterol) containing either 20% lard (LDLR(-/-)-lard and WT-lard groups) or 10% lard combined with 10% FO (LDLR(-/-)-FO and WT-FO groups) for 12 wk. Atherosclerotic lesion development and fatty acid composition of liver microsomes were evaluated. ADAM10 and ADAM17 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses. Concentrations of soluble ADAM substrates in plasma and liver extracts were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Diets supplemented with FO markedly reduced development of early atherosclerotic lesions in LDLR(-/-) mice (LDLR(-/-)-lard group vs. LDLR(-/-)-FO group mean ± SD: 29.6 ± 6.1% vs. 22.5 ± 4.2%, P < 0.05). This was not accompanied by changes in expression of ADAM17 or ADAM10 in the aorta or liver. No dietary effects on circulating TNFR1 (LDLR(-/-)-lard group vs. LDLR(-/-)-FO group mean ± SD: 1.22 ± 0.23 vs. 1.39 ± 0.28, P > 0.2) or IL-6R (1.06 ± 0.12 vs. 0.98 ± 0.09 fold of WT-lard group, P > 0.1), classical substrates of ADAM17 on macrophages, and neutrophil granulocytes were observed. However, a reduction in atherosclerotic lesions in the LDLR(-/-)-FO group was accompanied by a significant reduction in the circulating endothelial cell adhesion molecules JAM-A (LDLR(-/-)-lard group vs. LDLR(-/-)-FO group mean ± SD: 1.42 ± 0.20 vs. 0.95 ± 0.56 fold of WT-lard group, P < 0.05), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (1.15 ± 0.14 vs. 0.88 ± 0.17 fold of WT-lard group, P < 0.05), and VE-cadherin (0.88 ± 0.12 vs. 0.72 ± 0.15 fold of WT-lard group, P < 0.05), reflecting reduced ADAM activity in endothelial cells. CONCLUSION FO exerted an antiatherogenic effect on male LDLR(-/-) mice that was accompanied by a reduced release of ADAM17 and ADAM10 substrates from endothelial cells. It is suggested that FO-decreased ADAM activity contributes to improved endothelial barrier function and thus counteracts intimal lipoprotein insudation and macrophage accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nadine Schmidt
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Narges Yazdekhasti
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Dietary docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid influence liver triacylglycerol and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1864-81. [PMID: 25837985 PMCID: PMC4413191 DOI: 10.3390/md13041864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the benefits of different amounts of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil (FO) on lipid metabolism, insulin resistance and gene expression in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male Wistar rats were separated into two groups: Control (C, n = 6) and Fructose (Fr, n = 32), the latter receiving a diet containing 63% by weight fructose for 60 days. After this period, 24 animals from Fr group were allocated to three groups: FrFO2 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 2% FO plus 5% soybean oil; FrFO5 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 5% FO plus 2% soybean oil; and FrFO7 (n = 8) receiving 63% fructose and 7% FO. Animals were fed these diets for 30 days. Fructose led to an increase in liver weight, hepatic and serum triacylglycerol, serum alanine aminotransferase and HOMA1-IR index. These alterations were reversed by 5% and 7% FO. FO had a dose-dependent effect on expression of genes related to hepatic β-oxidation (increased) and hepatic lipogenesis (decreased). The group receiving the highest FO amount had increased markers of oxidative stress. It is concluded that n-3 fatty acids may be able to reverse the adverse metabolic effects induced by a high fructose diet.
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Galano JM, Lee JCY, Gladine C, Comte B, Le Guennec JY, Oger C, Durand T. Non-enzymatic cyclic oxygenated metabolites of adrenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and α-linolenic acids; bioactivities and potential use as biomarkers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:446-55. [PMID: 25463478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic oxygenated metabolites are formed in vivo through non-enzymatic free radical reaction of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic (ARA C20:4 n-6), adrenic (AdA 22:4 n-6), α-linolenic (ALA 18:3 n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA 22:6 n-3) acids. These cyclic compounds are known as isoprostanes, neuroprostanes, dihomo-isoprostanes and phytoprostanes. Evidence has emerged for their use as biomarkers of oxidative stress and, more recently, the n-3PUFA-derived compounds have been shown to mediate bioactivities as secondary messengers. Accordingly, this review will focus on the cyclic oxygenated metabolites generated from AdA, ALA, EPA and DHA. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University Montpellier I and II, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Cecile Gladine
- INRA, UMR1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- INRA, UMR1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Guennec
- INSERM U1046, Physiologie & Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, University Montpellier I and II, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University Montpellier I and II, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University Montpellier I and II, ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
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How Fatty Acids and Common Genetic Variants Together Affect the Inflammation of Adipose Tissue. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Le Goff W. A new piece in the puzzling effect of n-3 fatty acids on atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:358-62. [PMID: 24926537 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) FA are reported to be protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD), notably through their beneficial action on atherosclerosis development. In this context dietary intake of long-chain marine eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is recommended and randomised trials largely support that EPA and DHA intake is associated with a reduction of CVD. However, mechanisms governing the atheroprotective action of n-3 FA are still unclear and numerous studies using mouse models conducted so far do not allow to reach a precise view of the cellular and molecular effects of n-3 FA on atherosclerosis. In the current issue of Atherosclerosis, Chang et al. provide important new information on the anti-atherogenic properties of n-3 FA by analysing the incremental replacement of saturated FA by pure fish oil as a source of EPA and DHA in Ldlr(-/-) mice fed a high fat/high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Le Goff
- INSERM UMR_S1166, Team 4: Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis, F-75013 Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, F-75005 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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Zhong H, Lu J, Xia L, Zhu M, Yin H. Formation of electrophilic oxidation products from mitochondrial cardiolipin in vitro and in vivo in the context of apoptosis and atherosclerosis. Redox Biol 2014; 2:878-83. [PMID: 25061570 PMCID: PMC4099507 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL) are prone to free radical oxidation and this process appears to be intimately associated with multiple biological functions of mitochondria. Our previous work demonstrated that a significant amount of potent lipid electrophiles including 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE) was generated from CL oxidation through a novel chemical mechanism. Here we provide further evidence that a characteristic class of CL oxidation products, epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL (EAA-CL), is formed through this novel mechanism in isolated mice liver mitochondria when treated with the pro-apoptotic protein t-Bid to induce cyt c release. Generation of these oxidation products are dose-dependently attenuated by a peroxidase inhibitor acetaminophen (ApAP). Using a mouse model of atherosclerosis, we detected significant amount of these CL oxidation products in liver tissue of low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR −/−) mice after Western diet feeding. Our studies highlight the importance of lipid electrophiles formation from CL oxidation in the settings of apoptosis and atherosclerosis as inhibition of CL oxidation and lipid electrophiles formation may have potential therapeutic value in diseases linked to oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions. 4-HNE and other electrophilic lipids are formed from mitochondrial cardiolipin. Novel electrophilic oxidation products EAA-CL were identified in vitro and in vivo. Level of EAA-CL in liver tissue of LDLR −/− mice is higher with Western diet feeding. ApAP dose-dependently inhibits EAA-CL formation during t-Bid induced cyt c release. CL electrophilic lipid formation is important in apoptosis and atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- 4-HNE, 4-hydroxy-nonena
- 4-ONE, 4-oxo-2-nonenal
- 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2
- ApAP, acetaminophen
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis
- BHT, butylate hydroxytoluene
- CL, cardiolipin cyt c cytochrome c
- Cardiolipin
- EAA-CL, epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL
- ESI, electrospray
- ETC, electron transport chain
- Epoxyalcohol-aldehyde-CL (EAA-CL)
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HODE, hydroxyoctadienoic acid
- HpODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid
- KODE, keto-octadecadienoic acid
- L3OCL, trilinoleoyl oleoyl cardiolipin
- L4CL, tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin
- LA, linoleic acid
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LDLR −/−, low density lipoprotein receptor knockout
- Lipid peroxidation
- Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)
- M4CL, tetramyristeoyl cardiolipin
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- Mitochondria
- PHGPX, hospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Prdx3/Prx3, peroxiredoxin 3
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Room 1826, New Life Science Building, 320 Yueyang Road, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Gladine C, Newman JW, Durand T, Pedersen TL, Galano JM, Demougeot C, Berdeaux O, Pujos-Guillot E, Mazur A, Comte B. Lipid profiling following intake of the omega 3 fatty acid DHA identifies the peroxidized metabolites F4-neuroprostanes as the best predictors of atherosclerosis prevention. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89393. [PMID: 24558496 PMCID: PMC3928438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic effects of omega 3 fatty acids, namely eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) are well recognized but the impact of dietary intake on bioactive lipid mediator profiles remains unclear. Such a profiling effort may offer novel targets for future studies into the mechanism of action of omega 3 fatty acids. The present study aimed to determine the impact of DHA supplementation on the profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) oxygenated metabolites and to investigate their contribution to atherosclerosis prevention. A special emphasis was given to the non-enzymatic metabolites knowing the high susceptibility of DHA to free radical-mediated peroxidation and the increased oxidative stress associated with plaque formation. Atherosclerosis prone mice (LDLR−/−) received increasing doses of DHA (0, 0.1, 1 or 2% of energy) during 20 weeks leading to a dose-dependent reduction of atherosclerosis (R2 = 0.97, p = 0.02), triglyceridemia (R2 = 0.97, p = 0.01) and cholesterolemia (R2 = 0.96, p<0.01). Targeted lipidomic analyses revealed that both the profiles of EPA and DHA and their corresponding oxygenated metabolites were substantially modulated in plasma and liver. Notably, the hepatic level of F4-neuroprostanes, a specific class of DHA peroxidized metabolites, was strongly correlated with the hepatic DHA level. Moreover, unbiased statistical analysis including correlation analyses, hierarchical cluster and projection to latent structure discriminate analysis revealed that the hepatic level of F4-neuroprostanes was the variable most negatively correlated with the plaque extent (p<0.001) and along with plasma EPA-derived diols was an important mathematical positive predictor of atherosclerosis prevention. Thus, oxygenated n-3 PUFAs, and F4-neuroprostanes in particular, are potential biomarkers of DHA-associated atherosclerosis prevention. While these may contribute to the anti-atherogenic effects of DHA, further in vitro investigations are needed to confirm such a contention and to decipher the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gladine
- UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), INRA, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - John W. Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR CNRS 5247, Universités de Montpellier I et II, France, Montpellier, France
| | - Theresa L. Pedersen
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR CNRS 5247, Universités de Montpellier I et II, France, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- EA 4267 Fonctions et Dysfonctions epithéliales, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- UMR6265 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, CNRS, Dijon, France
- UMR1324 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, INRA, Dijon, France
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), INRA, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UMR 1019, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), INRA, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- UMR1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), INRA, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
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Loss of von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) increases systemic cholesterol levels through targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 2α and regulation of bile acid homeostasis. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1208-20. [PMID: 24421394 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01441-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol synthesis is a highly oxygen-dependent process. Paradoxically, hypoxia is correlated with an increase in cellular and systemic cholesterol levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism for the increase in cholesterol during hypoxia is unclear. Hypoxia signaling is mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α. The present study demonstrates that activation of HIF signaling in the liver increases hepatic and systemic cholesterol levels due to a decrease in the expression of cholesterol hydroxylase CYP7A1 and other enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis. Specifically, activation of hepatic HIF-2α (but not HIF-1α) led to hypercholesterolemia. HIF-2α repressed the circadian expression of Rev-erbα, resulting in increased expression of E4BP4, a negative regulator of Cyp7a1. To understand if HIF-mediated decrease in bile acid synthesis is a physiologically relevant pathway by which hypoxia maintains or increases systemic cholesterol levels, two hypoxic mouse models were assessed, an acute lung injury model and mice exposed to 10% O2 for 3 weeks. In both models, cholesterol levels increased with a concomitant decrease in expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis. The present study demonstrates that hypoxic activation of hepatic HIF-2α leads to an adaptive increase in cholesterol levels through inhibition of bile acid synthesis.
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Murali G, Desouza CV, Clevenger ME, Ramalingam R, Saraswathi V. Differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in promoting the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 90:13-21. [PMID: 24332315 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of enrichment with n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Enrichment with DHA but not EPA significantly increased the differentiation markers compared to control differentiated cells. DHA compared to EPA treatment led to a greater increase in adiponectin secretion and, conditioned media collected from DHA treated cells inhibited monocyte migration. Moreover, DHA treatment resulted in inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. DHA treated cells predominantly accumulated DHA in phospholipids whereas EPA treatment led to accumulation of both EPA and its elongation product docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), an n-3 fatty acid. Of note, adding DPA to DHA inhibited DHA-induced differentiation. The differential effects of EPA and DHA on preadipocyte differentiation may be due, in part, to differences in their intracellular modification which could impact the type of n-3 fatty acids incorporated into the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Murali
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Omaha, NE, United States; Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Research Services, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Cyrus V Desouza
- Research Services, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States; Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michelle E Clevenger
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Omaha, NE, United States; Research Services, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ramesh Ramalingam
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Omaha, NE, United States; Research Services, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Viswanathan Saraswathi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Omaha, NE, United States; Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Research Services, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Depner CM, Traber MG, Bobe G, Kensicki E, Bohren KM, Milne G, Jump DB. A metabolomic analysis of omega-3 fatty acid-mediated attenuation of western diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in LDLR-/- mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83756. [PMID: 24358308 PMCID: PMC3866250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and a risk factor for cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Previously, we reported that dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6,n-3) was more effective than eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5,n-3) at reversing western diet (WD) induced NASH in LDLR-/- mice. Methods Using livers from our previous study, we carried out a global non-targeted metabolomic approach to quantify diet-induced changes in hepatic metabolism. Results Livers from WD + olive oil (WD + O)-fed mice displayed histological and gene expression features consistent with NASH. The metabolomic analysis of 320 metabolites established that the WD and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation had broad effects on all major metabolic pathways. Livers from WD + O-fed mice were enriched in saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), palmitoyl-sphingomyelin, cholesterol, n-6 PUFA, n-6 PUFA-containing phosphoglycerolipids, n-6 PUFA-derived oxidized lipids (12-HETE) and depleted of C20-22 n-3 PUFA-containing phosphoglycerolipids, C20-22 n-3 PUFA-derived oxidized lipids (18-HEPE, 17,18-DiHETE) and S-lactoylglutathione, a methylglyoxal detoxification product. WD + DHA was more effective than WD + EPA at attenuating WD + O-induced changes in NASH gene expression markers, n-6 PUFA and oxidized lipids, citrate and S-lactosyl glutathione. Diet-induced changes in hepatic MUFA and sphingolipid content were associated with changes in expression of enzymes involved in MUFA and sphingolipid synthesis. Changes in hepatic oxidized fatty acids and S-lactoylglutathione, however, correlated with hepatic n-3 and n-6 C20-22 PUFA content. Hepatic C20-22 n-3 PUFA content was inversely associated with hepatic α-tocopherol and ascorbate content and positively associated with urinary F2- and F3-isoprostanes, revealing diet effects on whole body oxidative stress. Conclusion DHA regulation of hepatic SFA, MUFA, PUFA, sphingomyelin, PUFA-derived oxidized lipids and S-lactoylglutathione may explain the protective effects of DHA against WD-induced NASH in LDLR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Depner
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Maret G. Traber
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Kurt M. Bohren
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ginger Milne
- Eicosanoid Core Laboratory, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Donald B. Jump
- The Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- The Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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