1
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Li M, Jeeyavudeen MS, Arunagirinathan G, Pappachan J. Is Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus a Behavioural Disorder? An Evidence Review for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevention and Remission through Lifestyle Modification. TOUCHREVIEWS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 19:7-15. [PMID: 37313234 PMCID: PMC10258624 DOI: 10.17925/ee.2023.19.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is steadily rising worldwide due to an increasingly sedentary lifestyle combined with unhealthy food habits. Currently, the burden of diabetes on healthcare systems is unprecedented and rising daily. Several observational studies and randomized controlled trials provide clinical evidence that T2DM remission is possible by adopting dietary interventions and a strict exercise training protocol. Notably, these studies provide ample evidence for remission in patients with T2DM or for prevention in those with risk factors for the disease through various non-pharmacological behavioural interventions. In this article, we present two clinical cases of individuals who showed remission from T2DM/prediabetes via behavioural changes, especially through the adoption of a low-energy diet and exercise. We also discuss the recent advances in T2DM and obesity research, focusing on nutritional interventions and exercise and their benefits for weight loss, improved metabolic profile, enhanced glycaemic control and remission of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Li
- The University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Joseph Pappachan
- The University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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2
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Seifu CN, Fahey PP, Hailemariam TG, Frost SA, Atlantis E. Dietary patterns associated with obesity outcomes in adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:6390-6414. [PMID: 33612135 PMCID: PMC11148623 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this umbrella review was to summarise the evidence from existing systematic reviews on the association between different dietary patterns (DP) and overweight or obesity outcomes in adults. DESIGN We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science for systematic reviews reporting on DP and weight gain or overweight/obesity outcomes. RESULT We identified 16 systematic reviews with 143 unique studies published between 2001 and 2019. Overall quality scores ranged from 4 to 10. Six reviews in 2/11 cohort and 6/19 cross-sectional studies reported (statistically significant) decreased OR for obesity (range: 0·53 to 0·73 and 0·35 to 0·88, respectively) associated with the Mediterranean diet. Five reviews in 5/15 cohort and 10/45 cross-sectional studies reported an inverse association between diet quality and weight gain or BMI (β range: -1·3 to -0·09). Two reviews in 1/3 cohort and 1/2 cross-sectional studies reported a decreased risk of obesity (OR = 0·76) and weight gain (OR = 0·26), respectively, with fruit and vegetable intake. Five reviews of mixed DP in 3/40 cross-sectional studies reported an increased prevalence of obesity (OR = 1·19) or abdominal obesity (OR range: 1·07 to 1·27) with the Korean diet pattern. CONCLUSIONS Our umbrella review confirms the hypothesis that Mediterranean-type DP reduce the risk of obesity in adults. Although population-specific evidence of effective interventions is needed, characteristics of Mediterranean-type DP are important considerations for national obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canaan Negash Seifu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, 48-52 Warby St, Campbeltown, Sydney, NSW2560, Australia
| | - Paul P Fahey
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tewodros G Hailemariam
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven A Frost
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, 48-52 Warby St, Campbeltown, Sydney, NSW2560, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Applied Nursing Research & Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, South Western Sydney Local Health District, South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Evan Atlantis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, 48-52 Warby St, Campbeltown, Sydney, NSW2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Khanal P, He L, Degens H, Stebbings GK, Onambele-Pearson GL, Williams AG, Thomis M, Morse CI. Dietary Protein Requirement Threshold and Micronutrients Profile in Healthy Older Women Based on Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093076. [PMID: 34578954 PMCID: PMC8471109 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple nutrients have shown protective effects with regard to preserving muscle function, the recommended amount of dietary protein and other nutrients profile on older adults for maintenance of high muscle mass is still debatable. The aims of this paper were to: (1) identify dietary differences between older women with low and high relative skeletal muscle mass, and (2) identify the minimal dietary protein intake associated with high relative skeletal muscle mass and test the threshold ability to determine an association with skeletal muscle phenotypes. Older women (n = 281; 70 ± 7 years, 65 ± 14 kg), with both low and high relative skeletal muscle mass groups, completed a food questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass (FFM), biceps brachii thickness, vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area (VLACSA), handgrip strength (HGS), maximum elbow flexion torque (MVCEF), maximum knee extension torque (MVCKE), muscle quality (HGS/Body mass), and fat mass were measured. Older women with low relative skeletal muscle mass had a lower daily intake of protein, iodine, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Vit E, manganese, milk, fish, nuts and seeds (p < 0.05) compared to women with high relative skeletal muscle mass. The minimum required dietary protein intake for high relative skeletal muscle mass was 1.17 g/kg body mass/day (g/kg/d) (sensitivity: 0.68; specificity: 0.62). Women consuming ≥1.17 g/kg/d had a lower BMI (B = -3.9, p < 0.001) and fat mass (B = -7.8, p < 0.001), and a higher muscle quality (B = 0.06, p < 0.001). The data indicate that to maintain muscle mass and function, older women should consume ≥1.17 g/kg/d dietary protein, through a varied diet including milk, fish and nuts that also contain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and micronutrients such as iodine, Vit E and manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praval Khanal
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (A.G.W.); (C.I.M.)
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lingxiao He
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (A.G.W.); (C.I.M.)
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Pharmacy of Targu Mures, University of Medicine, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (A.G.W.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (A.G.W.); (C.I.M.)
| | - Alun G. Williams
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (A.G.W.); (C.I.M.)
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London W1T 7HA, UK
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Martine Thomis
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Christopher I. Morse
- Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK; (L.H.); (G.K.S.); (G.L.O.-P.); (A.G.W.); (C.I.M.)
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4
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Nutritional quality and carbon footprint of university students' diets: results from the EHU12/24 study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:183-195. [PMID: 34155963 PMCID: PMC8825978 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate diets in terms of nutritional characteristics and quality from the perspectives of health, greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) and possible associations with each other in a representative sample of students at a public university. Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary intake was evaluated with a validated FFQ, and diet quality was assessed through the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and MedDietScore (MDS). GHGE data were obtained from the literature. In addition, sex, socio-economic status (SES) and body fat (BF) status were analysed as covariates. Setting: Basque Autonomous Community, Spain. Participants: Totally, 26 165 healthy adults aged 18–28 years. Results: Student diets were characterised by low consumption of carbohydrates (38·72 % of total energy intake (TEI)) and a high intake of lipids (39·08 % of TEI). Over half of the participants had low dietary quality. The low-emitting diets were more likely to be consumed by subjects with low HEI-2010 scores (β: 0·039 kg eCO2/1000 kcal/d) and high MDS scores (β: −0·023 kg eCO2/1000 kcal/d), after controlling for sex, SES and BF status. Both the low-emitting and healthy diets were more likely to be consumed by women and by those with normal BF percentage. Conclusions: UPV/EHU university students’ diets were characterised by moderate quality from a nutritional perspective and moderate variation in the size of carbon footprints. In this population, diets of the highest quality were not always those with the lowest diet-related GHGE; this relationship depended in part on the constructs and scoring criteria of diet quality indices used.
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5
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Cano-Ibáñez N, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Freixer GL, Romaguera D, Vioque J, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Martínez JA, Serra-Majem L, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Pintó X, Tur JA, García-Ríos A, García-Molina L, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Matía-Martín P, Daimiel L, Martín-Sánchez V, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Ros E, Bartolomé-Resano J, Palau-Galindo A, Portoles O, Torres L, Miquel-Fiol, Sánchez MTC, Sorto-Sánchez C, Moreno-Morales N, Abete I, Álvarez-Pérez J, Sacanella E, Bernal-López MR, Santos-Lozano JM, Fanlo-Maresma M, Bouzas C, Razquin C, Becerra-Tomás N, Ortega-Azorin C, LLimona R, Morey M, Román-Maciá J, Goicolea-Güemez L, Vázquez-Ruiz Z, Barrubés L, Fitó M, Gea A. Effect of changes in adherence to Mediterranean diet on nutrient density after 1-year of follow-up: results from the PREDIMED-Plus Study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:2395-2409. [PMID: 31523780 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of overweight/obesity and related manifestations such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. High energy density diets, usually with low nutrient density, are among the main causes. Some high-quality dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the prevention and better control of MetS. However, it is needed to show that nutritional interventions promoting the MedDiet are able to improve nutrient intake. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of improving MedDiet adherence on nutrient density after 1 year of follow-up at the PREDIMED-Plus trial. METHODS We assessed 5777 men (55-75 years) and women (60-75 years) with overweight or obesity and MetS at baseline from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Dietary changes and MedDiet adherence were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year. The primary outcome was the change in nutrient density (measured as nutrient intake per 1000 kcal). Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to analyse longitudinal changes in adherence to the MedDiet and concurrent changes in nutrient density. RESULTS During 1-year follow-up, participants showed improvements in nutrient density for all micronutrients assessed. The density of carbohydrates (- 9.0%), saturated fatty acids (- 10.4%) and total energy intake (- 6.3%) decreased. These changes were more pronounced in the subset of participants with higher improvements in MedDiet adherence. CONCLUSIONS The PREDIMED-Plus dietary intervention, based on MedDiet recommendations for older adults, maybe a feasible strategy to improve nutrient density in Spanish population at high risk of cardiovascular disease with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Cano-Ibáñez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gal-la Freixer
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Miguel Hernández University, ISABIAL-FISABIO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Ríos
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laura García-Molina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Avda. De la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Genomics and Epigenomics Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Department of Endocrinology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Bartolomé-Resano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Health Service-Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antoni Palau-Galindo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.,ABS Reus V. Centre d'Assistència Primària Marià Fortuny, SAGESSA, Reus, Spain
| | - Olga Portoles
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Torres
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel-Fiol
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Sorto-Sánchez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Moreno-Morales
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Álvarez-Pérez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Rosa Bernal-López
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, University of Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta Fanlo-Maresma
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomás
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorin
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Regina LLimona
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marga Morey
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Leire Goicolea-Güemez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, OSI ARABA, University Hospital Araba, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Barrubés
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical School, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNa), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Social Determinants and Poor Diet Quality of Energy-Dense Diets of Australian Young Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5040070. [PMID: 28974029 PMCID: PMC5746704 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the diet quality and socio-demographic determinants by level of energy-density of diets of Australian young adults. Secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey-2011/2012 for adults aged 18–34 years (n = 2397) was conducted. Diet was assessed by 24-h recalls. Dietary energy-density was calculated as dietary energy/grams of food (kJ/g) and the Healthy-Eating-Index-for-Australians (HEIFA-2013) was used to assess diet quality (highest score = 100). Dietary energy-density was examined with respect to diet quality and sociodemographic determinants including gender, highest tertiary-education attainment, country-of-birth, age, income, and socio-economic-index-for-area (SEIFA). Higher dietary energy-density was associated with lower diet quality scores (β = −3.71, t (2394) = −29.29, p < 0.0001) and included fewer fruits and vegetables, and more discretionary foods. The mean dietary energy-density was 7.7 kJ/g and 7.2 kJ/g for men and women, respectively. Subpopulations most at risk of consuming high energy-dense diets included those with lower education, Australian and English-speaking countries of birth, and men with low income and women from areas of lower socio-economic status. Young adults reporting low energy-dense diets had higher quality diets. Intensive efforts are needed to reduce the high energy-density of young adults’ diets, and should ensure they include populations of lower socio-economic status.
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Borges CA, Rinaldi AE, Conde WL, Mainardi GM, Behar D, Slater B. Dietary patterns: a literature review of the methodological characteristics of the main step of the multivariate analyzes. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2017; 18:837-57. [PMID: 26982299 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5497201500040013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the solutions adopted in the multiple steps of the use of multivariate techniques to obtain a dietary pattern (DP) concerning: the objective of the studies, the selection of the method for measuring food intake, the criteria for grouping the foods, the number of food groups used, the number of DP obtained, and the nomenclature criteria. METHODS The articles were selected from MEDLINE and Lilacs scientific databases using the following keywords: "dietary patterns" versus "factor analysis"; "principal components analysis"; "cluster analysis" and "reduced regression rank." The initial search resulted in 1,752 articles. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 189 publications were selected. RESULTS The following aspects were relevant among the studies: the prevalence of the principal component analysis (PCA); the prevalence of the use of 4 to 5 DPs in the studies of association with health outcomes; the use of 30 or more food groups from the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ); the prevalence of studies that associated DPs with health outcomes and socioeconomic factors; and the heterogeneity of criteria used throughout the analytical stages of the multivariate techniques. CONCLUSION The heterogeneity between the publications concentrates on the criteria for food grouping, the nomenclature, and the number of dietary patterns calculated, which varied depending on the number of food groups present in these analyses. To understand, apply, and explore in full, the multivariate techniques has become necessary in order to improve the reliability of the results and, consequently, to improve the relationships with health outcomes and socioeconomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Elisa Rinaldi
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wolney Lisboa Conde
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Dora Behar
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Betzabeth Slater
- Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Perignon M, Vieux F, Soler LG, Masset G, Darmon N. Improving diet sustainability through evolution of food choices: review of epidemiological studies on the environmental impact of diets. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:2-17. [PMID: 27974596 PMCID: PMC5155614 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization defines sustainable diets as nutritionally adequate, safe, healthy, culturally acceptable, economically affordable diets that have little environmental impact. This review summarizes the studies assessing, at the individual level, both the environmental impact and the nutritional quality or healthiness of self-selected diets. Reductions in meat consumption and energy intake were identified as primary factors for reducing diet-related greenhouse gas emissions. The choice of foods to replace meat, however, was crucial, with some isocaloric substitutions possibly increasing total diet greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, nutritional adequacy was rarely or only partially assessed, thereby compromising the assessment of diet sustainability. Furthermore, high nutritional quality was not necessarily associated with affordability or lower environmental impact. Hence, when identifying sustainable diets, each dimension needs to be assessed by relevant indicators. Finally, some nonvegetarian self-selected diets consumed by a substantial fraction of the population showed good compatibility with the nutritional, environmental, affordability, and acceptability dimensions. Altogether, the reviewed studies revealed the scarcity of standardized nationally representative data for food prices and environmental indicators and suggest that diet sustainability might be increased without drastic dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Perignon
- M. Perignon and G. Masset are with the UMR NORT (Unité Mixte de Recherche - Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA 1260, Marseille, France. F. Vieux is with MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France. L.-G. Soler is with the Unité de Recherche Aliss, INRA 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France. N. Darmon is with UMR MOISA (Markets, Organizations, Institutions and Stakeholders Strategies), INRA 1110, Montpellier, France
| | - Florent Vieux
- M. Perignon and G. Masset are with the UMR NORT (Unité Mixte de Recherche - Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA 1260, Marseille, France. F. Vieux is with MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France. L.-G. Soler is with the Unité de Recherche Aliss, INRA 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France. N. Darmon is with UMR MOISA (Markets, Organizations, Institutions and Stakeholders Strategies), INRA 1110, Montpellier, France
| | - Louis-Georges Soler
- M. Perignon and G. Masset are with the UMR NORT (Unité Mixte de Recherche - Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA 1260, Marseille, France. F. Vieux is with MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France. L.-G. Soler is with the Unité de Recherche Aliss, INRA 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France. N. Darmon is with UMR MOISA (Markets, Organizations, Institutions and Stakeholders Strategies), INRA 1110, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriel Masset
- M. Perignon and G. Masset are with the UMR NORT (Unité Mixte de Recherche - Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA 1260, Marseille, France. F. Vieux is with MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France. L.-G. Soler is with the Unité de Recherche Aliss, INRA 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France. N. Darmon is with UMR MOISA (Markets, Organizations, Institutions and Stakeholders Strategies), INRA 1110, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- M. Perignon and G. Masset are with the UMR NORT (Unité Mixte de Recherche - Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis), Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA 1260, Marseille, France. F. Vieux is with MS-Nutrition, Marseille, France. L.-G. Soler is with the Unité de Recherche Aliss, INRA 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France. N. Darmon is with UMR MOISA (Markets, Organizations, Institutions and Stakeholders Strategies), INRA 1110, Montpellier, France.
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The effect of preload/meal energy density on energy intake in a subsequent meal: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Behav 2017; 26:6-15. [PMID: 28131006 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of preload/meal energy density on energy intake in a subsequent meal(s). METHODS Multiple databases were searched for studies published through December 2016 on the effects of preload/meal energy density on energy intake in a subsequent meal(s). We extracted information on mean energy intake in a subsequent meal(s) and on variables that could contribute to between-subject heterogeneity. RESULTS Forty and Thirty nine eligible studies were identified for our systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. The meta-analysis showed that preload/meal energy density did not affect energy intake in a subsequent meal(s) (95% CI:-21.21, 21.29). As heterogeneity was remarkable among studies, we stratified the studies by intervention type into "meal" or "preload" classifications. In the "preload" subgroup, studies used either fixed energy or fixed weight preloads. The results reveal that in comparison to a high energy-dense (HED) preload, consuming a low energy-dense (LED) preload with same weight resulted in higher energy intake in a subsequent meal (95% CI: 9.72, 56.19). On the other hand, decreased energy intake was observed after consuming an LED preload compared to after consumption of an HED preload with same energy content (95% CI: -138.71, -57.33). In the "meal" subgroup, studies were categorized by different subsequent meal (i.e., "afternoon or evening", "lunch" and "dinner or post-dinner"). Meta-analysis showed that an LED meal resulted in more energy intake only in afternoon or evening meals (95% CI: 14.82, 31.22). CONCLUSION In summary, the current analysis revealed that we can restrict the energy intake by consuming an LED preload. Moreover, consuming an LED preload could favorably affect preload+meal energy intake.
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Energy density of the diets of Japanese adults in relation to food and nutrient intake and general and abdominal obesity: a cross-sectional analysis from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:161-169. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe associations of dietary energy density with dietary intake and obesity have been largely unexplored in non-Western populations. The present cross-sectional study examined the associations using data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Dietary intake was assessed using a 1-d semi-weighed dietary record in 15 618 Japanese adults aged ≥20 years. Mean dietary energy density (calculated on the basis of foods only) was 5·98 (sd 1·20) kJ/g in men and 5·72 (sd 1·16) kJ/g in women. Dietary energy density was positively associated with intakes of bread, noodles (only men), meat, fats and oils, and sugar and confectionery but inversely with intakes of white rice (only men), potatoes, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and fish and shellfish. For nutrient intake, dietary energy density was positively associated with total fat and SFA but inversely associated with all other nutrients examined such as protein, carbohydrate, alcohol (only women), dietary fibre, and several vitamins and minerals, including Na. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, dietary energy density was positively associated with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥80 cm) in women (adjusted prevalence ratio between the extreme tertiles 1·07; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·12; Pfor trend=0·003). Dietary energy density was also positively but non-significantly associated with general obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2) in women (Pfor trend=0·08). There were no such associations in men. In conclusion, lower energy density of the diets of Japanese adults was associated with favourable food and nutrient intake patterns, except for higher Na, and, in only women, a lower prevalence of abdominal obesity.
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Brannon PM, Weaver CM, Anderson CA, Donovan SM, Murphy SP, Yaktine AL. Scanning for new evidence to prioritize updates to the Dietary Reference Intakes: case studies for thiamin and phosphorus. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:1366-1377. [PMID: 27733406 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are fundamental to inform national nutrition policy. However, a regular systematic review of the 51 nutrients that have DRIs has limited feasibility, and many DRIs have not been reviewed in >15 y. OBJECTIVE To address this issue, individuals (nutrient review group) who were members of the Food and Nutrition Board developed a streamlined, evidence-based methodology that could be used to identify nutrients potentially in need of a systematic review. DESIGN The proposed methodology, termed an evidence scan, comprises several steps. First, an analytic framework is developed to identify markers of associations between intake of a nutrient and a corresponding clinical outcome. Next, the framework is used to direct the identification of keywords for a scan of published research that is potentially relevant to intake requirements or upper intake levels for a nutrient. Last, a panel of content experts selects the abstracts that are likely to be relevant and reviews the full publications. The results may be used to determine whether a revision of the nutrient's DRI is an immediate priority but would not supplant a comprehensive systematic evidence review. RESULTS To illustrate the process, 2 nutrients were selected as case studies: thiamin and phosphorus (DRIs were last set in 1998 and 1997, respectively). Using the evidence scan for thiamin, we identified 70 potentially relevant abstracts, of which 9 full publications were reviewed. For phosphorus, 127 potentially relevant abstracts were identified, and 29 full publications were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS From the review of these 2 nutrients, the nutrient review group concluded that there was insufficient new evidence to assign a high priority to a comprehensive systematic review for either thiamin or phosphorus. Evidence scanning is an efficient method of identifying DRI nutrients that are most in need of either a new or an updated systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy M Brannon
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Cheryl Am Anderson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Suzanne P Murphy
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; and
| | - Ann L Yaktine
- Food and Nutrition Board, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC
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12
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Energy density of meals and snacks in the British diet in relation to overall diet quality, BMI and waist circumference: findings from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1479-1489. [PMID: 27751190 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined how energy density (ED) in meals and snacks is associated with overall diet quality, BMI and waist circumference (WC). On the basis of the data from 7-d weighed dietary record, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks based on time (meals: 06.00-10.00, 12.00-15.00 and 18.00-21.00 hours; snacks: others) or contribution to energy intake (EI) (meals: ≥15; snacks: <15%) in 1451 British adults aged 19-64 years. Irrespective of the definition of meals and snacks, both meal ED and snack ED (kJ/g; calculated on the basis of solid food only) were inversely associated with overall diet quality assessed by the healthy diet indicator (regression coefficient (β)=-0·29 to -0·21 and -0·07 to -0·04, respectively) and Mediterranean diet score (β=-0·43 to -0·30 and -0·13 to -0·06, respectively) in both sexes (P≤0·002), although the associations were stronger for meal ED. After adjustment for potential confounders, in both men and women, meal ED based on EI contribution showed positive associations with BMI (β=0·34; 95% CI 0·06, 0·62 and β=0·31; 95% CI 0·01, 0·61, respectively) and WC (β=0·96; 95% CI 0·27, 1·66 and β=0·67; 95% CI 0·04, 1·30, respectively). In addition, meal ED based on time was positively associated with WC in men (β=0·59; 95% CI 0·07, 1·10) and snack ED based on time was positively associated with BMI in women (β=0·15; 95% CI 0·04, 0·27). In analyses in which only acceptable EI reporters were included, similar results were obtained. In conclusion, the findings suggest stronger associations of meal ED with overall diet quality, BMI and WC compared with snack ED.
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Jomaa L, Hwalla N, Itani L, Chamieh MC, Mehio-Sibai A, Naja F. A Lebanese dietary pattern promotes better diet quality among older adults: findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:85. [PMID: 27093883 PMCID: PMC4837523 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proper nutrition is critical for healthy aging and maintaining functional independence. Limited research has been done on the assessment of dietary patterns of older adults and their association with diet quality indices. This study was conducted to identify, characterize, and evaluate the dietary patterns and diet quality of older adults in Lebanon, a middle-income country undergoing nutrition transition. Methods A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults aged >50 years (n = 525). Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle variables were collected through interviews, and dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Five commonly used diet quality indices (DQIs) were calculated, including the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), the alternate Mediterranean diet score (aMed), the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) style diet score, and the Lebanese Mediterranean Diet index. Dietary patterns (DPs) were derived using exploratory factor analysis. Associations of identified DPs with energy, energy-adjusted nutrients, and DQIs were evaluated by Pearson’s correlations. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine correlates of DPs. Results Three DPs were derived: Lebanese, Western, and High Protein/Alcohol patterns. The Lebanese pattern had highest correlations with fiber, folate, vitamin C, and all five DQIs. The Western was positively associated with energy and sodium and was inversely correlated with fiber, most vitamins, and a number of DQIs, namely AHEI, aMED, and DASH-style diet score. Highest correlations with intakes of proteins and fat were observed for the High Protein/Alcohol pattern. The Lebanese pattern was associated with female gender, education, nonsmoking and physical activity, whereas the Western pattern was associated with adverse health behaviors, including smoking, skipping breakfast, and physical inactivity. Conclusions Of the three identified patterns, the Lebanese DP was associated with better diet quality and healthier lifestyle behaviors while the Western pattern implicated a lower quality diet. Public health programs promoting prudent diets, including the Mediterranean and Lebanese DPs, are needed to improve the diet quality of middle-aged and older adults in an attempt to improve their functionality and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Jomaa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahla Hwalla
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leila Itani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Claire Chamieh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abla Mehio-Sibai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0.236, Riad El Solh 11072020, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Association of increased monetary cost of dietary intake, diet quality and weight management in Spanish adults. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:817-22. [PMID: 26758710 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Higher monetary diet cost is associated with healthier food choices and better weight management. How changes in diet cost affect changes in diet quality and weight remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of changes in individual monetary diet cost on changes in diet quality, measured by the modified Mediterranean diet score recommendations (MDS-rec) and by energy density (ED), as well as changes in weight and BMI. We conducted a prospective, population-based study of 2181 male and female Spaniards aged between 25 and 74 years, who were followed up to the 2009-2010 academic year. We measured weight and height and recorded dietary data using a validated FFQ. Average food cost was calculated from official Spanish government data. We fitted multivariate linear and logistic regression models. The average daily diet cost increased from 3·68(SD0.0·89)€/8·36 MJ to 4·97(SD1·16)€/8·36 MJ during the study period. This increase was significantly associated with improvement in diet quality (Δ ED and Δ MDS-rec; P<0·0001). Each 1€ increase in monetary diet cost per 8·36 MJ was associated with a decrease of 0·3 kg in body weight (P=0·02) and 0·1 kg/m(2) in BMI (P=0·04). These associations were attenuated after adjusting for changes in diet quality indicators. An improvement in diet quality and better weight management were both associated with an increase in diet cost; this could be considered in food policy decisions.
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Mendes A, Pereira JL, Fisberg RM, Marchioni DML. Dietary energy density was associated with diet quality in Brazilian adults and older adults. Appetite 2015; 97:120-6. [PMID: 26626824 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies present association of low dietary energy density with higher intake of vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber, lower intake of fat, and better balance of macronutrients. The objective of this study was to verify the relationship between dietary energy density and diet quality measured by an index of diet quality. This study used data from 496 adults and 445 older adults of cross-sectional population-based survey from São Paulo conducted in 2008-2009, Brazil. Dietary intake data was assessed by two 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary energy density values were calculated based on foods only method. Dietary energy density and revised Brazilian Health Eating Index and its components, were estimated by usual intake using Multiple Source Method. The relationship between dietary energy density and the total revised Brazilian Health Eating Index and its components were assessed by Gaussian family log-link model for each age group. The analyses showed an inverse association between dietary energy density and total revised Brazilian Health Eating Index in adults (T2:β = 0.96, p < 0.001; T2:β = 0.86, p < 0.001) and older adults (T2:β = 0.96, p < 0.001; T2:β = 0.90, p < 0.001), and an inverse association between dietary energy density and nine of twelve revised Brazilian Health Eating Index components in adult and/or older adults groups. Dietary energy density was associated with diet quality in Brazilian adults and older adults regardless of sex, per capita household income, body mass index, physical activity level, current smoking habits status, alcohol beverage drinking status and usual energy intake (kilocalories) from beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Mendes
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Post-Graduation Program in Public Health Nutrition, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Lopes Pereira
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Post-Graduation Program in Public Health Nutrition, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Department of Nutrition, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Department of Nutrition, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Darmon N, Drewnowski A. Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: a systematic review and analysis. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:643-60. [PMID: 26307238 PMCID: PMC4586446 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 642] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT It is well established in the literature that healthier diets cost more than unhealthy diets. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to examine the contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic inequalities in diet quality. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was performed. STUDY SELECTION Publications linking food prices, dietary quality, and socioeconomic status were selected. DATA EXTRACTION Where possible, review conclusions were illustrated using a French national database of commonly consumed foods and their mean retail prices. DATA SYNTHESIS Foods of lower nutritional value and lower-quality diets generally cost less per calorie and tended to be selected by groups of lower socioeconomic status. A number of nutrient-dense foods were available at low cost but were not always palatable or culturally acceptable to the low-income consumer. Acceptable healthier diets were uniformly associated with higher costs. Food budgets in poverty were insufficient to ensure optimum diets. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic disparities in diet quality may be explained by the higher cost of healthy diets. Identifying food patterns that are nutrient rich, affordable, and appealing should be a priority to fight social inequalities in nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Darmon
- N. Darmon is with the Unité Mixte de Recherche "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1062, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. A. Drewnowski is with the Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- N. Darmon is with the Unité Mixte de Recherche "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 1062, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. A. Drewnowski is with the Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Marty L, Dubois C, Gaubard MS, Maidon A, Lesturgeon A, Gaigi H, Darmon N. Higher nutritional quality at no additional cost among low-income households: insights from food purchases of "positive deviants". Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:190-8. [PMID: 26016868 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.104380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether diet quality is correlated with actual food expenditure. According to the positive deviance theory, the study of actual food expenditure by people with limited economic resources could help identify beneficial food-purchasing behavior. OBJECTIVES The aims were to investigate the relation between actual expenditure on food and nutritional quality and to identify "positive deviants" among low-income households. DESIGN Individuals in deprived social situations (n = 91) were recruited as part of the "Opticourses" nutrition intervention conducted in 2012-2014 in poor districts of Marseille, France. Opticourses participants collected food-purchase receipts for their household over a 1-mo period. "Actual diet costs" and "estimated diet costs" were calculated per 2000 kcal of food purchases by using actual expenditures and a standard food price database of food consumed by a representative sample of French adults, respectively. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR), mean excess ratio (MER), and energy density (ED) were used as nutritional quality indicators. "Positive deviants" were defined as having a higher MAR and a lower MER than the respective median values. RESULTS Opticourses participants selected less-expensive food options than the average French population, both within a food group and for a given food item. Higher diet costs were associated with higher nutritional quality (higher MAR, lower ED), regardless of whether costs were calculated from actual expenditure or on the basis of standard food prices. Twenty-one positive deviants were identified. They made significantly healthier purchases than did other participants (MAR: +13%; MER: -90%. ED: -22%) at higher estimated diet costs. Yet, they did not spend more on food (having the same actual diet costs), which showed that they purchased food with a higher nutritional quality for their price. CONCLUSION In this low-income population, actual diet cost was positively correlated with nutritional quality, yet the results showed that higher diet quality is not necessarily more costly when foods with higher nutritional quality for their price are selected. The Opticourses intervention was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02383875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Marty
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Malu S Gaubard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Maidon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Lesturgeon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hind Gaigi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) "Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis," Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) 1062, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
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Socio-economic characteristics, living conditions and diet quality are associated with food insecurity in France. Public Health Nutr 2015; 18:2952-61. [PMID: 25563304 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980014002912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of household food insecurity (FI) in France and to describe its associations with socio-economic factors, health behaviours, diet quality and cost (estimated using mean food prices). DESIGN Cross-sectional nationally representative survey. FI was assessed using an adapted version of the US Department of Agriculture's Food Insufficiency Indicator; dietary intake was assessed using a 7 d open-ended food record; and individual demographic, socio-economic and behavioural variables were assessed using self-administered questionnaires and interviews. Individuals experiencing FI were compared with food-secure individuals, the latter being divided into four categories according to quartiles of their income per consumption unit (FS1 to FS4). Differences among categories were analysed using χ² tests, ANOVA and tests for trend. SETTING Individual and National Dietary Survey (INCA2), 2006-2007. SUBJECTS Adults aged 18-79 years (n 2624). RESULTS Individuals experiencing FI represented 12·2% of the population. They were on average younger, more frequently women and single parents with children compared with those in the other four categories. Their mean income per consumption unit was higher than that in the FS1 category, but they reported poorer material and housing conditions. The prevalence of smoking and the mean daily time spent watching television were also higher in the FI category. No significant difference among categories was found for energy intake, but mean intakes of fruits, vegetables and fish were lower, and diet quality was slightly but significantly poorer in the FI category. Daily diet cost was also lower in the FI category. CONCLUSIONS France is not spared by FI. FI should be routinely monitored at the national level and research should be promoted to identify effective strategies to reduce nutrition inequalities in France.
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Dietary energy density: estimates, trends and dietary determinants for a nationally representative sample of the Irish population (aged 5–90 years). Br J Nutr 2014; 113:172-80. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Higher dietary energy density (DED) has been reported to be associated with weight gain, obesity and poorer dietary quality, yet nationally representative estimates that would allow tracking of secular trends and inter-country comparisons are limited. The aims of the present study were to calculate DED estimates for the Irish population and to identify dietary determinants of DED. Weighed/semi-weighed food records from three cross-sectional surveys (the National Children's Food Survey, the National Teens’ Food Survey and the National Adult Nutrition Survey) were collated to estimate habitual dietary intakes for a nationally representative sample of the Irish population, aged 5–90 years (n2535). DED estimates, calculated using the total diet method, the food only method and a novel method, including foods and solids in beverages, were 3·70 (sd1·09), 7·58 (sd1·72) and 8·40 (sd1·88) kJ/g, respectively. Determinants of DED did not vary by the calculation method used. Variation in the intakes of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) across consumer groups contributed to the largest variance in DED estimates, followed by variation in the intakes of potatoes, fresh meat, bread, chips, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, and confectionery. DED estimates were inversely associated with age group and consistently lower for females than for males. The inverse association of DED with age group was explained by higher intakes of vegetables, fruit, fish, potatoes, fresh meat and brown bread and lower intakes of SSB, chocolate confectionery, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals and savoury snacks in older age groups. Females consumed, on average, 1·5 times more fruit and vegetables combined when compared with males, largely explaining the sex differences in DED estimates. Current DED estimates for adults were similar to those calculated in a previous survey, carried out 10 years earlier. These estimates and determinants serve as a baseline for comparison for other works and public health campaigns.
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Couch SC, Glanz K, Zhou C, Sallis JF, Saelens BE. Home food environment in relation to children's diet quality and weight status. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114:1569-1579.e1. [PMID: 25066057 PMCID: PMC4177359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this cohort study was to explore relationships among the home food environment (HFE), child/parent characteristics, diet quality, and measured weight status among 699 child-parent pairs from King County, WA, and San Diego County, CA. HFE variables included parenting style/feeding practices, food rules, frequency of eating out, home food availability, and parents' perceptions of food costs. Child dietary intake was measured by 3-day recall and diet quality indicators included fruits and vegetables, sweet/savory snacks, high-calorie beverages, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score. Individual linear regression models were run in which child BMI z score and child diet quality indicators were dependent variables and HFE variables and child/parent characteristics were independent variables of interest. Fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with parental encouragement/modeling (β=.68, P<0.001) and unhealthful food availability (-0.27, P<0.05); DASH score with food availability (healthful: 1.3, P<0.01; unhealthful: -2.25, P<0.001), food rules (0.45, P<0.01), and permissive feeding style (-1.04, P<0.05); high-calorie beverages with permissive feeding style (0.14, P<0.01) and unhealthful food availability (0.21, P<0.001); and sweet/savory snacks with healthful food availability (0.26, P<0.05; unexpectedly positive). Children's BMI z score was positively associated with parent's use of food restriction (0.21, P<0.001), permissive feeding style (0.16, P<0.05), and concern for healthy food costs (0.10, P<0.01), but negatively with verbal encouragement/modeling (-0.17, P<0.05), and pressure to eat (-0.34, P<0.001). Various HFE factors associated with parenting around eating and food availability are related to child diet quality and weight status. These factors should be considered when designing interventions for improving child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Couch
- Professor, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati OH, 45267-0394, Telephone: 513-558-7504, Fax: 513-558-7500,
| | - Karen Glanz
- George A. Weiss Professor; Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Nursing, Philadelphia PA 19104, Telephone: 215-898-0613, Fax: 215-573-5315,
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Research Associate Professor, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98145, Telephone: 206-884-1028,
| | - James F Sallis
- Distinguished Professor of Family and Preventive Medicine, Chief Division of Behavioral Medicine, University of California, San Diego CA 92103, Telephone: 619-260-5535; Fax 619-260-1510,
| | - Brian E Saelens
- Professor of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98145, telephone: 206-884-7800,
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21
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Beydoun MA, Gamaldo AA, Beydoun HA, Tanaka T, Tucker KL, Talegawkar SA, Ferrucci L, Zonderman AB. Caffeine and alcohol intakes and overall nutrient adequacy are associated with longitudinal cognitive performance among U.S. adults. J Nutr 2014; 144:890-901. [PMID: 24744319 PMCID: PMC4018952 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.189027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Among modifiable lifestyle factors, diet may affect cognitive health. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations may exist between dietary exposures [e.g., caffeine (mg/d), alcohol (g/d), and nutrient adequacy] and cognitive performance and change over time. This was a prospective cohort study, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 628-1305 persons depending on the cognitive outcome; ∼2 visits/person). Outcomes included 10 cognitive scores, spanning various domains of cognition. Caffeine and alcohol intakes and a nutrient adequacy score (NAS) were estimated from 7-d food diaries. Among key findings, caffeine intake was associated with better baseline global cognition among participants with a baseline age (Agebase) of ≥70 y. A higher NAS was associated with better baseline global cognition performance (overall, women, Agebase <70 y), better baseline verbal memory (immediate and delayed recall, Agebase ≥70 y), and slower rate of decline or faster improvement in the attention domain (women). For an Agebase of <70 y, alcohol consumption was associated with slower improvement on letter fluency and global cognition over time. Conversely, for an Agebase of ≥70 y and among women, alcohol intake was related to better baseline attention and working memory. In sum, patterns of diet and cognition associations indicate stratum-specific associations by sex and baseline age. The general observed trend was that of putative beneficial effects of caffeine intake and nutrient adequacy on domains of global cognition, verbal memory, and attention, and mixed effects of alcohol on domains of letter fluency, attention, and working memory. Further longitudinal studies conducted on larger samples of adults are needed to determine whether dietary factors individually or in combination are modifiers of cognitive trajectories among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- Intramural Research Program (NIA/NIH/IRP), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Alyssa A. Gamaldo
- Intramural Research Program (NIA/NIH/IRP), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD,School of Aging Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Intramural Research Program (NIA/NIH/IRP), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Sameera A. Talegawkar
- Department of International Health, Center for Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program (NIA/NIH/IRP), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Intramural Research Program (NIA/NIH/IRP), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
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22
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Darmon N, Lacroix A, Muller L, Ruffieux B. Food price policies improve diet quality while increasing socioeconomic inequalities in nutrition. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:66. [PMID: 24886414 PMCID: PMC4045909 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-11-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prices are an important determinant of food choices. Consequently, food price policies (subsidies and/or taxes) are proposed to improve the nutritional quality of diets. The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of food price policies on the expenditures and nutritional quality of the food baskets chosen by low- and medium-income households. Methods Experimental economics was used to examine two price manipulations: i) a fruit and vegetable price subsidy named “fruit and vegetables condition”; ii) a healthy-product subsidy coupled with an unhealthy-product tax named “nutrient profile condition”. The nutrient profiling system called SAIN,LIM was used. This system classifies each individual food according to its overall nutritional quality which then allows for a food item to be taxed or subsidized. Women from low- (n = 95) and medium-incomes (n = 33) selected a daily food basket, first, at current prices and then at manipulated prices. The redistributive effects of experimental conditions were assessed by comparing the extent of savings induced by subsidies and of costs generated by the tax on the two income groups. Energy density (kcal/100 g), free sugars (% energy) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were used as nutritional quality indicators. Results At baseline (before price manipulations), low-income women selected less expensive and less healthy baskets than medium-income ones. After price manipulations expenditures for both income group decreased significantly, whereas, the nutritional quality improved (energy density decreased, the MAR increased). Additionally, the redistributive effects were less favourable for low-income women and their nutritional quality improvements from baseline were significantly lower. Conclusion Low-income women derived fewer financial and nutritional benefits from implemented food subsidies and taxes than medium-income women. This outcome suggests that food price policies may improve diet quality while increasing socio-economic inequalities in nutrition.
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23
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Wang H, Blumberg JB, Chen CYO, Choi SW, Corcoran MP, Harris SS, Jacques PF, Kristo AS, Lai CQ, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, McKay DL, Meydani M, Parnell LD, Prokopy MP, Scott TM, Lichtenstein AH. Dietary modulators of statin efficacy in cardiovascular disease and cognition. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 38:1-53. [PMID: 24813475 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and other developed countries, and is fast growing in developing countries, particularly as life expectancy in all parts of the world increases. Current recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease issued jointly from the American Academy of Cardiology and American Heart Association emphasize that lifestyle modification should be incorporated into any treatment plan, including those on statin drugs. However, there is a dearth of data on the interaction between diet and statins with respect to additive, complementary or antagonistic effects. This review collates the available data on the interaction of statins and dietary patterns, cognition, genetics and individual nutrients, including vitamin D, niacin, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals (polyphenols and stanols) and alcohol. Of note, although the available data is summarized, the scope is limited, conflicting and disparate. In some cases it is likely there is unrecognized synergism. Virtually no data are available describing the interactions of statins with dietary components or dietary pattern in subgroups of the population, particularly those who may benefit most were positive effects identified. Hence, it is virtually impossible to draw any firm conclusions at this time. Nevertheless, this area is important because were the effects of statins and diet additive or synergistic harnessing the effect could potentially lead to the use of a lower intensity statin or dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Corcoran
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan S Harris
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aleksandra S Kristo
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane L McKay
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Max P Prokopy
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tammy M Scott
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Buttriss JL, Briend A, Darmon N, Ferguson EL, Maillot M, Lluch A. Diet modelling: How it can inform the development of dietary recommendations and public health policy. NUTR BULL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Briend
- Department for International Health; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - N. Darmon
- Mixt Research Unit Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk; Aix-Marseille University; France
| | - E. L. Ferguson
- Department of Population Health; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; UK
| | - M. Maillot
- Mixt Research Unit Nutrition Obesity and Thrombotic Risk; Aix-Marseille University; France
| | - A. Lluch
- Danone Nutricia Research; Global Nutrition Department; Palaiseau France
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25
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Deierlein AL, Morland KB, Scanlin K, Wong S, Spark A. Diet quality of urban older adults age 60 to 99 years: the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and Built Environment Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 114:279-287. [PMID: 24262516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are few studies that evaluate dietary intakes and predictors of diet quality in older adults. The objectives of this study were to describe nutrient intakes and examine associations between demographic, economic, behavioral, social environment, and health status factors and diet quality. Cross-sectional data were from black, white, and Hispanic adults, age 60 to 99 years, living independently in New York City and participating in the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and the Built Environment Study, 2009-2011 (n=1,306). Multivariable log-linear regression estimated associations between selected factors and good diet quality, defined as a Healthy Eating Index score more than 80 (based on the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans [HEI-2005]). Dietary intakes were similar for men and women; intakes of energy, fiber, and the majority of micronutrients were less than recommendations, whereas intakes of fats, added sugar, and sodium were within the upper range or exceeded recommendations. Hispanic ethnicity (relative risk [RR]=1.37; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.75), energy intake <∼ 1,500 kcal/day (RR=1.93; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.71), adherence to a special diet (RR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.50), purchasing food at supermarkets at least once/week (RR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.74), and being married/living with a partner (RR=1.37; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.71) were positively associated with HEI-2005 score more than 80. Consuming at least one restaurant meal/day was negatively associated with HEI-2005 score more than 80 (RR=0.69; 95%CI, 0.50-0.94). These findings identify specific groups of older adults, such as blacks or those who live alone, who may benefit from dietary interventions, as well as specific modifiable behaviors among older adults, such as eating restaurant meals or shopping at supermarkets, which may be targeted through interventions.
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26
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Energy density, diet quality, and central body fat in a nationwide survey of young Spaniards. Nutrition 2013; 29:1350-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Dietary energy density and its association with the nutritional quality of the diet of children and teenagers. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e10. [PMID: 25191558 PMCID: PMC4153288 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship between dietary energy density (DED) and the nutritional
quality of the diet, using data from the Irish National Children's Food Survey (NCFS) and
the National Teens' Food Survey (NTFS), two cross-sectional studies of food consumption
were carried out between 2003 and 2006. Data from the NCFS and NTFS were used to examine
the intakes of nutrients and foods among those with low- (NCFS <7·56, NTFS
<7·65 kJ/g), medium- (NCFS 7·56–8·75, NTFS 7·66–8·85 kJ/g) and high-energy-dense
diets (NCFS >8·75, NTFS >8·85 kJ/g). A 7-d food diary was used to collect
food intake data from children (n 594) and teenagers (n
441). DED (kJ/g) was calculated including food alone and excluding beverages. Participants
with lower DED consumed more food (weight) but not more energy. They also consumed less
fat and added sugars and more protein, carbohydrates, starch and dietary fibre and had
higher intakes of micronutrients. Participants with lower DED had food intake patterns
that adhered more closely to food-based dietary guidelines. Low DED was associated with
multiple individual indicators of a better nutritional quality of the diet, including
higher intakes of dietary fibre and micronutrients and a generally better balance of
macronutrients, as well as being associated with food intake patterns that were closer to
healthy eating guidelines. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that a
low DED may be an indicator of a better nutritional quality of the diet.
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Swoboda C, Temple JL. Acute and chronic effects of gum chewing on food reinforcement and energy intake. Eat Behav 2013; 14:149-56. [PMID: 23557811 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although chewing gum has been considered a potential method for reducing energy intake, little empirical data exist to support this idea. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that chewing gum before eating reduces motivation to eat, hunger, and energy intake. In order to test this hypothesis, we conducted two experiments in which participants chewed gum prior to completing a food reinforcement task or before all eating occasions for two of three weeks. In Experiment 1, we found that chewing gum had no influence on the reinforcing value of food, but chewing mint gum reduced liking of and energy intake from fruit. In addition, chewing gum reduced self-reported hunger immediately after gum chewing and after eating compared with the no gum condition. In Experiment 2, gum chewing had no significant effect on total energy intake, but participants consumed fewer meals, consumed more energy per meal, and had a lower nutrient adequacy ratio during the gum chewing weeks. These studies provide no evidence that acute or chronic gum chewing reduces hunger or energy intake. In fact, chewing mint-flavored gum may deter consumption of fruit and reduce diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Swoboda
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Vieux F, Soler LG, Touazi D, Darmon N. High nutritional quality is not associated with low greenhouse gas emissions in self-selected diets of French adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:569-83. [PMID: 23364012 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.035105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy diets are supposed to be more environmentally friendly because they rely mainly on plant-based foods, which have lower greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) per unit weight than do animal-based foods. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to estimate the GHGEs associated with the consumption of self-selected diets in France and to analyze their relation with the nutritional quality of diets. DESIGN For each adult in the national dietary Individual and National Survey on Food Consumption (n = 1918), the GHGEs of his or her diet were estimated based on the GHGEs of 391 foods. Highest-nutritional-quality diets were defined as those having simultaneously 1) an energy density below the median, 2) a mean adequacy ratio (MAR) above the median, and 3) a mean excess ratio (MER, percentage of maximum recommended values for nutrients for which intake should be limited) below the median. RESULTS MAR was positively correlated and MER was negatively correlated with diet-related GHGEs. High-nutritional-quality diets contained more plant-based foods, notably fruit and vegetables, and fewer sweets and salted snacks than did low-quality diets. After adjustment for age, sex, and energy intake, the consumption of sweets and salted snacks was negatively correlated with diet-related GHGEs, whereas the consumption of animal products and of fruit and vegetables was positively associated with them. After adjustment for energy intake, high-nutritional-quality diets had significantly higher GHGEs (+9% and +22% for men and women, respectively) than did low-nutritional-quality diets. CONCLUSION Despite containing large amounts of plant-based foods, self-selected diets of the highest nutritional quality are currently not those with the lowest diet-related GHGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Vieux
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique UR 1303, Ivry sur Seine, France
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Hsiao PY, Mitchell DC, Coffman DL, Allman RM, Locher JL, Sawyer P, Jensen GL, Hartman TJ. Dietary patterns and diet quality among diverse older adults: the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:19-25. [PMID: 23299373 PMCID: PMC3574872 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize dietary patterns among a diverse sample of older adults (≥ 65 years). DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Five counties in west central Alabama. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries (N=416; 76.8 ± 5.2 years, 56% female, 39% African American) in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Study of Aging. MEASUREMENTS Dietary data collected via three, unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls was used to identify dietary patterns. Foods were aggregated into 13 groups. Finite mixture modeling (FMM) was used to classify individuals into three dietary patterns. Differences across dietary patterns for nutrient intakes, sociodemographic, and anthropometric measurements were examined using chi-square and general linear models. RESULTS Three dietary patterns were derived. A "more healthful" dietary pattern, with relatively higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, eggs, nuts, legumes and dairy, was associated with lower energy density, higher quality diets as determined by healthy eating index (HEI)-2005 scores and higher intakes of fiber, folate, vitamins C and B6, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. The "western-like" pattern was defined by an intake of starchy vegetables, refined grains, meats, fried poultry and fish, oils and fats and was associated with lower HEI-2005 scores. The "low produce, high sweets" pattern was characterized by high saturated fat, and low dietary fiber and vitamin C intakes. The strongest predictors of better diet quality were female gender and non-Hispanic white race. CONCLUSION The dietary patterns identified may provide a useful basis on which to base dietary interventions targeted at older adults. Examination of nutrient intakes regardless of the dietary pattern suggests that older adults are not meeting nutrient recommendations and should continue to be encouraged to choose high quality diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Y Hsiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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García-Diz L, Murcia MA, Gris JL, Pons A, Monteagudo C, Martínez-Tomé M, Jiménez-Monreal AM. Assessing nutritional status of acute intermittent porphyria patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:943-52. [PMID: 22519672 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2012.02673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a metabolic disease of haem synthesis, whose haem precursors may accumulate in the body. A well-balanced diet may prevent the symptoms, so that porphyric patients should be monitored closely during therapy for possible complications concerning any progression of acute porphyria. The aim was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with AIP and to assess their compliance with nutritional recommendations, comparing the findings with a control group and assessing any possible nutritional deficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen patients with AIP and a control group were evaluated by means of a lifestyle questionnaire, the Nutrition Screening Initiative checklist and a dietary questionnaire. The following diet quality indicators were calculated: animal and vegetal proteins, protein quality index, PUFA/SFA and MUFA + PUFA/SFA ratios, insoluble dietary fibre (DF)/total DF, soluble DF/total DF and insoluble DF/soluble DF ratios, thiamine, riboflavin and niacin density and the vitamin B6/protein ratio. STATISTICAL METHODS Differences in continuous variables were compared using the unpaired Student's t-test and the chi-square test for nonparametric variables. The odds ratio (OR) of malnutrition was also used. RESULTS Our patients showed a low intake of carbohydrates, a high lipid intake and very high protein intake, and accompanied by an inadequate intake of zinc, folic acid and tocopherol, increasing the risk of malnutrition for energy, Ca, Fe, Mg, K, folic acid and tocopherols. CONCLUSIONS The patients with AIP studied individually show an increased risk of malnutrition and, given the potential increase of oxidative stress in patients with porphyria, it is recommended that they should increase their intake of carbohydrates, minerals and antioxidant nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis García-Diz
- Department of Nutrition I, Complutense of Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
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Verger EO, Mariotti F, Holmes BA, Paineau D, Huneau JF. Evaluation of a diet quality index based on the probability of adequate nutrient intake (PANDiet) using national French and US dietary surveys. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42155. [PMID: 22870293 PMCID: PMC3411671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing diet quality indices often show theoretical and methodological limitations, especially with regard to validation. OBJECTIVE To develop a diet quality index based on the probability of adequate nutrient intake (PANDiet) and evaluate its validity using data from French and US populations. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PANDiet is composed of adequacy probabilities for 24 nutrients grouped into two sub-scores. The relationship between the PANDiet score and energy intake were investigated. We evaluated the construct validity of the index by comparing scores for population sub-groups with 'a priori' differences in diet quality, according to smoking status, energy density, food intakes, plasma folate and carotenoid concentrations. French and US implementations of the PANDiet were developed and evaluated using national nutritional recommendations and dietary surveys. RESULTS The PANDiet was not correlated with energy for the French implementation (r = -0.02, P>0.05) and correlated at a low level for the US implementation (r = -0.11, P<0.0001). In both implementations, a higher PANDiet score (i.e. a better diet quality) was associated with not smoking, having a lower-energy-dense diet, consuming higher amounts of fruits, vegetables, fish, milk and other dairy products and lower amounts of cheese, pizza, eggs, meat and processed meat, and having higher plasma folate and carotenoid concentrations after controlling for appropriate factors (all P<0.05, carotenoid data for US not available). CONCLUSIONS The PANDiet provides a single score that measures the adequacy of nutrient intake and reflects diet quality. This index is adaptable for use in different countries and relevant at the individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric O Verger
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France.
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Maternal diets with low healthy eating index or Mediterranean diet adherence scores are associated with high cord-blood insulin levels and insulin resistance markers at birth. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1008-15. [PMID: 22828732 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Few studies have used healthy eating index (HEI) and mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) scores to evaluate the diet quality during pregnancy. To determine the relationship between first trimester diet quality and insulin sensitivity/resistance biomarkers at birth. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cord-blood insulin sensitivity/resistance biomarkers of the offspring of 35 women whose diets were 'adequate' or 'inadequate' according to their HEI score (>70 or ≤ 70, respectively) and their 13-point MDA score (≥ 7 or <7, respectively). RESULTS Low HEI-score diets contained less (g/1000 kcal) carbohydrates (CHO; P=0.027) and fibre (P=0.011), and more fats (P<0.001) and cholesterol (P<0.001), and contributed (percentage contribution to total energy (%En)) fewer CHO (P=0.005), more fats (P=<0.001) and saturated fatty acid (SFA; P=0.002) than their high HEI-score counterparts. Low MDA-score diets contained less (g/1000 kcal) fibre (P<0.001) and more cholesterol (P=0.05), had lower polyunsaturated fatty acids+monounsaturated fatty acid/SFA (PUFA+MUFA/SFA; P=0.05) and higher SFA/CHO (P=0.021) and ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratios (P=0.044) than their respective counterparts. Women consuming the low HEI- or low MDA-score diets had low-fasting glycaemia (P=0.016 or P=0.025, respectively) but delivered infants with high insulinaemia (P=0.048 or P=0.017, respectively), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; P=0.031 or P=0.049, respectively) and glycaemia (P=0.018 or P=0.048, respectively). The relative risk (RR) of high-neonatal glycaemia and insulinaemia were 7.6 (P=0.008) and 6.7 (P=0.017) for low vs high HEI-score groups. High HOMA-IR and high glucose RR were, respectively, 3.4 (P=0.043) and 3.9 (P=0.016) in neonates from the <7 MDA- vs ≥ 7 MDA-score group. These RRs were not affected by potential confounders. CONCLUSION Maternal diets with low HEI- or MDA-scores during the first trimester of pregnancy negatively affect insulin resistance markers at birth.
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Total energy value and percentage contribution of calories from macronutrients in the diet of elderly individuals from Fortaleza, state of Ceará, Brazil. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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de Menezes TN, Nunes Marucci MDF. Valor energético total e contribuição percentual de calorias por macronutrientes da alimentação de idosos domiciliados em Fortaleza – CE. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302012000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Effects on nutrient intake of a family-based intervention to promote increased consumption of low-fat starchy foods through education, cooking skills and personalised goal setting: the Family Food and Health Project. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:1833-44. [PMID: 22017999 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the prevalence of fat-rich, energy-dense diets is a public health priority. The present parallel-designed randomised study compared three interventions aimed to increase intakes of low-fat starchy foods and to reduce fat intakes among 589 individuals from 169 families in the Family Food and Health Project (FFHP). Intervention A was education only, intervention B provided 'cook and eat' sessions only, whereas intervention C included personalised goal setting, 'cook and eat' and education. Diet was assessed at baseline (T0) and at 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 18 months (T3) post-intervention. Retention rates were 75 % at T1, 63 % at T2 and 40 % at T3. ANCOVA (baseline intake as covariate) was assessed between intervention differences at T1, T2 and T3. At T1, individuals in intervention C consumed less fat (P = 0·02) and more total carbohydrate (P = 0·001), starch (P = 0·04) vitamin C (P = 0·002) and NSP (P = 0·01) than those in intervention A. Whereas similar dietary intakes were reported across interventions at T2, participants in intervention C had less energy-dense diets that contained more NSP and vitamin C at T3 than intervention A (P < 0·0001, P = 0·002 and P = 0·01, respectively). Across all intervention groups, the more socially deprived participants in the FFHP (n 119) consumed less fat (P = 0·01) and more total carbohydrate (P = 0·02) at T2 than the least socially deprived (n 240). These data demonstrate the importance of personalised goal setting to translate knowledge and practical cooking skills into healthier food choices, suggesting that low-fat starchy food-focused interventions may be effective in reducing fat intake.
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Effects of a dietary intervention promoting the adoption of a Mediterranean food pattern on fast-food consumption among healthy French-Canadian women. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1662-5. [PMID: 20691126 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451000262x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is expected that a dietary intervention based on the traditional Mediterranean food pattern should be associated with a reduction in fast-food consumption but this has never been tested before. We assessed the impact of a 12-week dietary intervention, promoting the adoption of a Mediterranean food pattern, on fast-food consumption among seventy-one healthy women aged between 30 and 65 years. The dietary intervention consisted of two group sessions and seven individual sessions with a dietitian. To determine the Mediterranean dietary score (MedScore) and fast-food consumption, an FFQ was administered. During the 12-week intervention, the MedScore significantly increased (from 21.1 (SD 3.6) units at baseline to 28.6 (SD 4.4) units at week 12, P < 0.0001), while the fast-food consumption significantly decreased (from 51.7 (SD 46.4) g/d at baseline to 20.5 (SD 18.2) g/d at week 12, P < 0.0001). Moreover, women who had a higher consumption of fast food at baseline decreased their fast-food consumption to the most (r - 0.50, P < 0.0001). When four subgroups were formed on the basis of median values of Medscore and fast-food consumption changes, it was found that only the subgroup of women which increased the most their MedScore and decreased the most their fast-food consumption experienced a significant decrease in BMI (P < 0.01). In conclusion, a dietary intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern led to a decrease in fast-food consumption among healthy women even if it was not a specific target of the intervention. Dietary strategies for increasing intake of healthy foods may be a useful approach for decreasing intake of less healthy foods.
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Willcox DC, Willcox BJ, Todoriki H, Suzuki M. The Okinawan diet: health implications of a low-calorie, nutrient-dense, antioxidant-rich dietary pattern low in glycemic load. J Am Coll Nutr 2010; 28 Suppl:500S-516S. [PMID: 20234038 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10718117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Residents of Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan, are known for their long average life expectancy, high numbers of centenarians, and accompanying low risk of age-associated diseases. Much of the longevity advantage in Okinawa is thought to be related to a healthy lifestyle, particularly the traditional diet, which is low in calories yet nutritionally dense, especially with regard to phytonutrients in the form of antioxidants and flavonoids. Research suggests that diets associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases are similar to the traditional Okinawan diet, that is, vegetable and fruit heavy (therefore phytonutrient and antioxidant rich) but reduced in meat, refined grains, saturated fat, sugar, salt, and full-fat dairy products. Many of the characteristics of the diet in Okinawa are shared with other healthy dietary patterns, such as the traditional Mediterranean diet or the modern DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. Features such as the low levels of saturated fat, high antioxidant intake, and low glycemic load in these diets are likely contributing to a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, some cancers, and other chronic diseases through multiple mechanisms, including reduced oxidative stress. A comparison of the nutrient profiles of the three dietary patterns shows that the traditional Okinawan diet is the lowest in fat intake, particularly in terms of saturated fat, and highest in carbohydrate intake, in keeping with the very high intake of antioxidant-rich yet calorie-poor orange-yellow root vegetables, such as sweet potatoes, and green leafy vegetables. Deeper analyses of the individual components of the Okinawan diet reveal that many of the traditional foods, herbs, or spices consumed on a regular basis could be labeled "functional foods" and, indeed, are currently being explored for their potential health-enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Craig Willcox
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, 2-6-1 Ginowan, Ginowan City, Okinawa, Japan.
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Dietary energy density as a marker of dietary quality in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64:356-63. [PMID: 20068584 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if dietary energy density is associated with measures of dietary quality (food group, micronutrient and macronutrient intakes) in children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS In all, 551 children (mean age 9.6 years, 52% girls) and 569 adolescents (15.5 years, 55% girls), sampled from schools in Sweden, completed a single 24-h dietary recall. Dietary energy density (kJ/g) was calculated as the energy from all food consumed divided by the weight of all food consumed. Beverages were excluded from the calculation. Food and micronutrient intakes were adjusted for energy intake. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in food group and nutrient intakes across age- and gender-specific tertiles of energy density. Discriminant analysis was used to confirm the groupings formed by tertiles. RESULTS Subjects with low-energy-density diets were significantly more likely to consume fruits, vegetables, pasta, rice, potatoes and cereals and less likely to consume sweetened drinks, sweets and chocolate. After energy adjustment, their intakes of many foods recommended in the Swedish food-based dietary guidelines were higher and intakes of nutrient-poor foods were lower. The macronutrient energy profile (% energy) of low-energy-density diets was closest to the recommended level. Low-energy-density diets contained greater amounts of most micronutrients. Discriminant analysis confirmed the existence of heterogeneous dietary patterns and the likelihood of correct classification by energy density in 65% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Lower dietary energy density is associated with better dietary quality in children and adolescents. Energy density has advantages over other whole diet analysis methods and may be suitable as a simple proxy of diet quality.
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Maillot M, Vieux F, Ferguson EF, Volatier JL, Amiot MJ, Darmon N. To meet nutrient recommendations, most French adults need to expand their habitual food repertoire. J Nutr 2009; 139:1721-7. [PMID: 19625703 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous dietary achievement of a comprehensive set of nutrient recommendations is difficult. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of achieving a set of 30 nutrient recommendations at the individual level and characterize factors associated with feasibility. Seven-day food records collected from adults participating in the French national food consumption survey (n = 1171) were modified using an individualized diet optimization approach. For each individual, departure from his/her recorded diet was minimized, using only foods reported in his/her weekly diet record to fulfill a set of nutritional constraints. These constraints aimed to achieve or exceed the French Estimated Average Requirements and varied depending on the individual's gender, age, and observed nutrient intake levels. Acceptability constraints ensured realistic food portion sizes and food patterns. Model feasibility (i.e. percentage of feasible optimized diets) was calculated for all diets and by tertiles of dietary variety (i.e. the number of foods in the weekly food repertoire). Among the 1171 modeled diets, only 22% were mathematically feasible, showing that 78% of French adults would need to expand their weekly food repertoire to fulfill nutrient recommendations. Model feasibility increased from 6.6 to 50.3% and from 2.7 to 42.9% in tertiles 1 and 3 of dietary variety for men and women, respectively. The vitamin D constraint was the most difficult to fulfill (feasibility doubled after its removal), followed by sodium (maximum), magnesium (minimum), and SFA (maximum). The new approach developed in this study provides a method for identifying nutrient levels to carefully evaluate when establishing recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Maillot
- INRA, UMR1260 Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Marseille, F-13385 France.
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Buil-Cosiales P, Irimia P, Ros E, Riverol M, Gilabert R, Martinez-Vila E, Núñez I, Diez-Espino J, Martínez-González MA, Serrano-Martínez M. Dietary fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness: a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63:1213-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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