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Zheng B, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Chen S, Chen L, Li Y, Wu A, Li H. Understanding the dynamic evolution of hemicellulose during Pinus taeda L. growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132914. [PMID: 38844290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pinus taeda L. is a fast-growing softwood with significant commercial value. Understanding structural changes in hemicellulose during growth is essential to understanding the biosynthesis processes occurring in the cell walls of this tree. In this study, alkaline extraction is applied to isolate hemicellulose from Pinus taeda L. stem segments of different ages (1, 2, 3, and 4 years old). The results show that the extracted hemicellulose is mainly comprised of O-acetylgalactoglucomannan (GGM) and 4-O-methylglucuronoarabinoxylan (GAX), with the molecular weights and ratios (i.e., GGM:GAX) of GGM and GAX increasing alongside Pinus taeda L. age. Mature Pinus taeda L. hemicellulose is mainly composed of GGM, and the ratio of (mannose:glucose) in the GGM main chain gradually increases from 2.45 to 3.60 with growth, while the galactose substitution of GGM decreases gradually from 21.36% to 14.65%. The acetylation of GGM gradually increases from 0.33 to 0.45 with the acetyl groups mainly substituting into the O-3 position in the mannan. Furthermore, the contents of arabinose and glucuronic acid in GAX gradually decrease with growth. This study can provide useful information to the research in genetic breeding and high-value utilization of Pinus taeda L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zibin Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luoting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huiling Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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2
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Yang H, Wu X, Sun C, Wang L. Unraveling the metabolic potential of biocontrol fungi through omics data: a key to enhancing large-scaleapplication strategies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:825-832. [PMID: 38686460 PMCID: PMC11214957 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological control of pests and pathogens has attracted much attention due to its green, safe and effective characteristics. However, it faces the dilemma of insignificant effects in large-scale applications. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the metabolic potential of biocontrol fungi based on big omics data is crucial for a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the specific modes of action operated by various biocontrol fungi. This article analyzes the preferences for extracellular carbon and nitrogen source degradation, secondary metabolites (nonribosomal peptides, polyketide synthases) and their product characteristics and the conversion relationship between extracellular primary metabolism and intracellular secondary metabolism for eight different filamentous fungi with characteristics appropriate for the biological control of bacterial pathogens and phytopathogenic nematodes. Further clarification is provided that Paecilomyces lilacinus, encoding a large number of hydrolase enzymes capable of degrading pathogen protection barrier, can be directly applied in the field as a predatory biocontrol fungus, whereas Trichoderma, as an antibiosis-active biocontrol control fungus, can form dominant strains on preferred substrates and produce a large number of secondary metabolites to achieve antibacterial effects. By clarifying the levels of biological control achievable by different biocontrol fungi, we provide a theoretical foundation for their application to cropping habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Yang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Lushan Wang
- />State Key Laboratory of Microbial TechnologyInstitute of Microbial TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
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Sánchez-Ruiz MI, Santillana E, Linde D, Romero A, Martínez AT, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ. Structure-function characterization of two enzymes from novel subfamilies of manganese peroxidases secreted by the lignocellulose-degrading Agaricales fungi Agrocybe pediades and Cyathus striatus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:74. [PMID: 38824538 PMCID: PMC11144326 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese peroxidases (MnPs) are, together with lignin peroxidases and versatile peroxidases, key elements of the enzymatic machineries secreted by white-rot fungi to degrade lignin, thus providing access to cellulose and hemicellulose in plant cell walls. A recent genomic analysis of 52 Agaricomycetes species revealed the existence of novel MnP subfamilies differing in the amino-acid residues that constitute the manganese oxidation site. Following this in silico analysis, a comprehensive structure-function study is needed to understand how these enzymes work and contribute to transform the lignin macromolecule. RESULTS Two MnPs belonging to the subfamilies recently classified as MnP-DGD and MnP-ESD-referred to as Ape-MnP1 and Cst-MnP1, respectively-were identified as the primary peroxidases secreted by the Agaricales species Agrocybe pediades and Cyathus striatus when growing on lignocellulosic substrates. Following heterologous expression and in vitro activation, their biochemical characterization confirmed that these enzymes are active MnPs. However, crystal structure and mutagenesis studies revealed manganese coordination spheres different from those expected after their initial classification. Specifically, a glutamine residue (Gln333) in the C-terminal tail of Ape-MnP1 was found to be involved in manganese binding, along with Asp35 and Asp177, while Cst-MnP1 counts only two amino acids (Glu36 and Asp176), instead of three, to function as a MnP. These findings led to the renaming of these subfamilies as MnP-DDQ and MnP-ED and to re-evaluate their evolutionary origin. Both enzymes were also able to directly oxidize lignin-derived phenolic compounds, as seen for other short MnPs. Importantly, size-exclusion chromatography analyses showed that both enzymes cause changes in polymeric lignin in the presence of manganese, suggesting their relevance in lignocellulose transformation. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the mechanisms used by basidiomycetes to degrade lignin is of particular relevance to comprehend carbon cycle in nature and to design biotechnological tools for the industrial use of plant biomass. Here, we provide the first structure-function characterization of two novel MnP subfamilies present in Agaricales mushrooms, elucidating the main residues involved in catalysis and demonstrating their ability to modify the lignin macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Sánchez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Santillana
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel T Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zeng X, Wu C, Zhang L, Lan L, Fu W, Wang S. Molecular Mechanism of Resistance to Alternaria alternata Apple Pathotype in Apple by Alternative Splicing of Transcription Factor MdMYB6-like. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4353. [PMID: 38673937 PMCID: PMC11050356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As a fruit tree with great economic value, apple is widely cultivated in China. However, apple leaf spot disease causes significant damage to apple quality and economic value. In our study, we found that MdMYB6-like is a transcription factor without auto-activation activity and with three alternative spliced variants. Among them, MdMYB6-like-β responded positively to the pathogen infection. Overexpression of MdMYB6-like-β increased the lignin content of leaves and improved the pathogenic resistance of apple flesh callus. In addition, all three alternative spliced variants of MdMYB6-like could bind to the promoter of MdBGLU H. Therefore, we believe that MdMYB6-like plays an important role in the infection process of the pathogen and lays a solid foundation for breeding disease-resistant cultivars of apple in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.Z.); (C.W.); (L.Z.); (L.L.); (W.F.)
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6
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Narula K, Sinha A, Choudhary P, Ghosh S, Elagamey E, Sharma A, Sengupta A, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty S. Combining extracellular matrix proteome and phosphoproteome of chickpea and meta-analysis reveal novel proteoforms and evolutionary significance of clade-specific wall-associated events in plant. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e572. [PMID: 38500675 PMCID: PMC10945595 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays central roles in cell architecture, innate defense and cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling. During transition to multicellularity, modular domain structures of ECM proteins and proteoforms have evolved due to continuous adaptation across taxonomic clades under different ecological niche. Although this incredible diversity has to some extent been investigated at protein level, extracellular phosphorylation events and molecular evolution of ECM proteoform families remains unexplored. We developed matrisome proteoform atlas in a grain legume, chickpea and performed meta-analyses of 74 plant matrisomes. MS/MS analysis identified 1,424 proteins and 315 phosphoproteins involved in diverse functions. Cross-species ECM protein network identified proteoforms associated with CWI maintenance system. Phylogenetic characterization of eighteen matrix protein families highlighted the role of taxon-specific paralogs and orthologs. Novel information was acquired on gene expansion and loss, co-divergence, sub functionalization and neofunctionalization during evolution. Modular networks of matrix protein families and hub proteins showed higher diversity across taxonomic clades than among organs. Furthermore, protein families differ in nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates. Our study pointed towards the matrix proteoform functionality, sequence divergence variation, interactions between wall remodelers and molecular evolution using a phylogenetic framework. This is the first report on comprehensive matrisome proteoform network illustrating presence of CWI signaling proteins in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Narula
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Arunima Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Sudip Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Eman Elagamey
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
- Plant Pathology Research InstituteAgricultural Research Center (ARC)GizaEgypt
| | - Archana Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchNew DelhiIndia
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7
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Kleuter M, Yu Y, Pancaldi F, Nagtzaam M, van der Goot AJ, Trindade LM. Cell wall as a barrier for protein extraction from tomato leaves: A biochemical study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108495. [PMID: 38452451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato) leaves and stems are considered waste. Valorization of this waste can be achieved by for example the extraction of proteins. This prospect is promising but currently not feasible, since protein extraction yields from tomato leaves are low, amongst other due to the (physical) barrier formed by the plant cell walls. However, the molecular aspects of the relationship between cell wall properties and protein extractability from tomato leaves are currently not clear and thus objective of this study. To fill this knowledge gap the biochemical composition of plant cell walls was measured and related to protein extraction yields at different plant ages, leaf positions, and across different tomato accessions, including two Solanum lycopersicum cultivars and the wildtype species S. pimpinellifolium and S. pennellii. For all genotypes, protein extraction yields from tomato leaves were the highest in young tissues, with a decreasing trend towards older plant material. This decrease of protein extraction yield was accompanied by a significant increase of arabinose and galacturonic acid content and a decrease of galactose content in the cell walls of old-vs-young tissues. This resulted in strong negative correlations between protein extraction yield and the content of arabinose and galacturonic acid in the cell wall, and a positive correlation between the content of galactose and protein extraction yield. Overall, these results point to the importance of the pectin network on protein extractability, making pectin a potential breeding target for enhancing protein extractability from tomato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietheres Kleuter
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Yafei Yu
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francesco Pancaldi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Mayra Nagtzaam
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Atze Jan van der Goot
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, PO Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Baroncelli R, Cobo-Díaz JF, Benocci T, Peng M, Battaglia E, Haridas S, Andreopoulos W, LaButti K, Pangilinan J, Lipzen A, Koriabine M, Bauer D, Le Floch G, Mäkelä MR, Drula E, Henrissat B, Grigoriev IV, Crouch JA, de Vries RP, Sukno SA, Thon MR. Genome evolution and transcriptome plasticity is associated with adaptation to monocot and dicot plants in Colletotrichum fungi. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae036. [PMID: 38940768 PMCID: PMC11212070 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colletotrichum fungi infect a wide diversity of monocot and dicot hosts, causing diseases on almost all economically important plants worldwide. Colletotrichum is also a suitable model for studying gene family evolution on a fine scale to uncover events in the genome associated with biological changes. RESULTS Here we present the genome sequences of 30 Colletotrichum species covering the diversity within the genus. Evolutionary analyses revealed that the Colletotrichum ancestor diverged in the late Cretaceous in parallel with the diversification of flowering plants. We provide evidence of independent host jumps from dicots to monocots during the evolution of Colletotrichum, coinciding with a progressive shrinking of the plant cell wall degradative arsenal and expansions in lineage-specific gene families. Comparative transcriptomics of 4 species adapted to different hosts revealed similarity in gene content but high diversity in the modulation of their transcription profiles on different plant substrates. Combining genomics and transcriptomics, we identified a set of core genes such as specific transcription factors, putatively involved in plant cell wall degradation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the ancestral Colletotrichum were associated with dicot plants and certain branches progressively adapted to different monocot hosts, reshaping the gene content and its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Baroncelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 40-50, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José F Cobo-Díaz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology and Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, Campus Vegazana, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Tiziano Benocci
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Mao Peng
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Fungal Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evy Battaglia
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Fungal Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - William Andreopoulos
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Maxim Koriabine
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
| | - Gaetan Le Floch
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Microbial Ecology (LUBEM), IBSAM, ESIAB, EA 3882, University of Brest, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Parv. Blaise Pascal, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Miia R Mäkelä
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 5, 00170 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elodie Drula
- UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille (AMU), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), USC 1408 AFMB, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- UMR 7257, Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, The French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), University of Aix-Marseille (AMU), 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- The French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), USC 1408 AFMB, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 23453 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, McMillan rd, CA 94720 Berkeley, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jo Anne Crouch
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 10300 Baltimore Ave, MD 20705, Beltsville, USA
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Fungal Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Serenella A Sukno
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Michael R Thon
- Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Calle del Duero, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
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Pathare VS, Panahabadi R, Sonawane BV, Apalla AJ, Koteyeva N, Bartley LE, Cousins AB. Altered cell wall hydroxycinnamate composition impacts leaf- and canopy-level CO2 uptake and water use in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:190-208. [PMID: 37503807 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall properties play a major role in determining photosynthetic carbon uptake and water use through their impact on mesophyll conductance (CO2 diffusion from substomatal cavities into photosynthetic mesophyll cells) and leaf hydraulic conductance (water movement from xylem, through leaf tissue, to stomata). Consequently, modification of cell wall (CW) properties might help improve photosynthesis and crop water use efficiency (WUE). We tested this using 2 independent transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing the rice OsAT10 gene (encoding a "BAHD" CoA acyltransferase), which alters CW hydroxycinnamic acid content (more para-coumaric acid and less ferulic acid). Plants were grown under high and low water levels, and traits related to leaf anatomy, CW composition, gas exchange, hydraulics, plant biomass, and canopy-level water use were measured. Alteration of hydroxycinnamic acid content led to statistically significant decreases in mesophyll CW thickness (-14%) and increased mesophyll conductance (+120%) and photosynthesis (+22%). However, concomitant increases in stomatal conductance negated the increased photosynthesis, resulting in no change in intrinsic WUE (ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance). Leaf hydraulic conductance was also unchanged; however, transgenic plants showed small but statistically significant increases in aboveground biomass (AGB) (+12.5%) and canopy-level WUE (+8.8%; ratio of AGB to water used) and performed better under low water levels than wild-type plants. Our results demonstrate that changes in CW composition, specifically hydroxycinnamic acid content, can increase mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis in C3 cereal crops such as rice. However, attempts to improve photosynthetic WUE will need to enhance mesophyll conductance and photosynthesis while maintaining or decreasing stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha S Pathare
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Rahele Panahabadi
- College of Agricultural. Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Balasaheb V Sonawane
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Anthony Jude Apalla
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Nuria Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Laura E Bartley
- College of Agricultural. Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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10
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Pancaldi F, Schranz ME, van Loo EN, Trindade LM. Highly differentiated genomic properties underpin the different cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:274-295. [PMID: 37141316 PMCID: PMC10762515 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots differ substantially, both in the content and composition of their components. However, the genomic and genetic basis underlying these differences is not fully resolved. In this research, we analyzed multiple genomic properties of 150 cell wall gene families across 169 angiosperm genomes. The properties analyzed include gene presence/absence, copy number, synteny, occurrence of tandem gene clusters, and phylogenetic gene diversity. Results revealed a profound genomic differentiation of cell wall genes between Poaceae and eudicots, often associated with the cell wall diversity between these plant groups. For example, overall patterns of gene copy number variation and synteny were clearly divergent between Poaceae and eudicot species. Moreover, differential Poaceae-eudicot copy number and genomic contexts were observed for all the genes within the BEL1-like HOMEODOMAIN 6 regulatory pathway, which respectively induces and represses secondary cell wall synthesis in Poaceae and eudicots. Similarly, divergent synteny, copy number, and phylogenetic gene diversification were observed for the major biosynthetic genes of xyloglucans, mannans, and xylans, potentially contributing to the differences in content and types of hemicellulosic polysaccharides differences in Poaceae and eudicot cell walls. Additionally, the Poaceae-specific tandem clusters and/or higher copy number of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, or PEROXIDASE genes may underly the higher content and larger variety of phenylpropanoid compounds observed in Poaceae cell walls. All these patterns are discussed in detail in this study, along with their evolutionary and biological relevance for cell wall (genomic) diversification between Poaceae and eudicots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pancaldi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N van Loo
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Zamorski R, Baba K, Noda T, Sawada R, Miyata K, Itoh T, Kaku H, Shibuya N. Variety-dependent accumulation of glucomannan in the starchy endosperm and aleurone cell walls of rice grains and its possible genetic basis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:321-336. [PMID: 38434111 PMCID: PMC10905567 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant cell wall plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth/development and affects the quality of plant-derived food and industrial materials. On the other hand, genetic variability of cell wall structure within a plant species has not been well understood. Here we show that the endosperm cell walls, including both starchy endosperm and aleurone layer, of rice grains with various genetic backgrounds are clearly classified into two groups depending on the presence/absence of β-1,4-linked glucomannan. All-or-none distribution of the glucomannan accumulation among rice varieties is very different from the varietal differences of arabinoxylan content in wheat and barley, which showed continuous distributions. Immunoelectron microscopic observation suggested that the glucomannan was synthesized in the early stage of endosperm development, but the synthesis was down-regulated during the secondary thickening process associated with the differentiation of aleurone layer. Significant amount of glucomannan in the cell walls of the glucomannan-positive varieties, i.e., 10% or more of the starchy endosperm cell walls, and its close association with the cellulose microfibril suggested possible effects on the physicochemical/biochemical properties of these cell walls. Comparative genomic analysis indicated the presence of striking differences between OsCslA12 genes of glucomannan-positive and negative rice varieties, Kitaake and Nipponbare, which seems to explain the all-or-none glucomannan cell wall trait in the rice varieties. Identification of the gene responsible for the glucomannan accumulation could lead the way to clarify the effect of the accumulation of glucomannan on the agronomic traits of rice by using genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Zamorski
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Kei’ichi Baba
- Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Noda
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Memuro, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Rimpei Sawada
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Institute, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Kana Miyata
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takao Itoh
- Wood Research Institute, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
- National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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12
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Ndayambaza B, Si J, Deng Y, Jia B, He X, Zhou D, Wang C, Zhu X, Liu Z, Qin J, Wang B, Bai X. The Euphrates Poplar Responses to Abiotic Stress and Its Unique Traits in Dry Regions of China (Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia): What Should We Know? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2213. [PMID: 38137039 PMCID: PMC10743205 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At the moment, drought, salinity, and low-temperature stress are ubiquitous environmental issues. In arid regions including Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia and other areas worldwide, the area of tree plantations appears to be rising, triggering tree growth. Water is a vital resource in the agricultural systems of countries impacted by aridity and salinity. Worldwide efforts to reduce quantitative yield losses on Populus euphratica by adapting tree plant production to unfavorable environmental conditions have been made in response to the responsiveness of the increasing control of water stress. Although there has been much advancement in identifying the genes that resist abiotic stresses, little is known about how plants such as P. euphratica deal with numerous abiotic stresses. P. euphratica is a varied riparian plant that can tolerate drought, salinity, low temperatures, and climate change, and has a variety of water stress adaptability abilities. To conduct this review, we gathered all available information throughout the Web of Science, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the National Center for Biotechnology Information on the impact of abiotic stress on the molecular mechanism and evolution of gene families at the transcription level. The data demonstrated that P. euphratica might gradually adapt its stomatal aperture, photosynthesis, antioxidant activities, xylem architecture, and hydraulic conductivity to endure extreme drought and salt stress. Our analyses will give readers an understanding of how to manage a gene family in desert trees and the influence of abiotic stresses on the productivity of tree plants. They will also give readers the knowledge necessary to improve biotechnology-based tree plant stress tolerance for sustaining yield and quality trees in China's arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Ndayambaza
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Si
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
| | - Yanfang Deng
- Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai Provincial Administration, Xining 810000, China;
| | - Bing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Faculty of Resources and Environment, Baotou Teachers’ College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Dongmeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinglin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (B.N.); (B.J.); (X.H.); (D.Z.); (C.W.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (B.W.); (X.B.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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13
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Jobert F, Yadav S, Robert S. Auxin as an architect of the pectin matrix. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6933-6949. [PMID: 37166384 PMCID: PMC10690733 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a versatile plant growth regulator that triggers multiple signalling pathways at different spatial and temporal resolutions. A plant cell is surrounded by the cell wall, a complex and dynamic network of polysaccharides. The cell wall needs to be rigid to provide mechanical support and protection and highly flexible to allow cell growth and shape acquisition. The modification of the pectin components, among other processes, is a mechanism by which auxin activity alters the mechanical properties of the cell wall. Auxin signalling precisely controls the transcriptional output of several genes encoding pectin remodelling enzymes, their local activity, pectin deposition, and modulation in different developmental contexts. This review examines the mechanism of auxin activity in regulating pectin chemistry at organ, cellular, and subcellular levels across diverse plant species. Moreover, we ask questions that remain to be addressed to fully understand the interplay between auxin and pectin in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Jobert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
- CRRBM, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Robert
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Fernando LD, Zhao W, Gautam I, Ankur A, Wang T. Polysaccharide assemblies in fungal and plant cell walls explored by solid-state NMR. Structure 2023; 31:1375-1385. [PMID: 37597511 PMCID: PMC10843855 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Structural analysis of macromolecular complexes within their natural cellular environment presents a significant challenge. Recent applications of solid-state NMR (ssNMR) techniques on living fungal cells and intact plant tissues have greatly enhanced our understanding of the structure of extracellular matrices. Here, we selectively highlight the most recent progress in this field. Specifically, we discuss how ssNMR can provide detailed insights into the chemical composition and conformational structure of pectin, and the consequential impact on polysaccharide interactions and cell wall organization. We elaborate on the use of ssNMR data to uncover the arrangement of the lignin-polysaccharide interface and the macrofibrillar structure in native plant stems or during degradation processes. We also comprehend the dynamic structure of fungal cell walls under various morphotypes and stress conditions. Finally, we assess how the combination of NMR with other techniques can enhance our capacity to address unresolved structural questions concerning these complex macromolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Isha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ankur Ankur
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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15
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Fradera-Soler M, Mravec J, Harholt J, Grace OM, Jørgensen B. Cell wall polysaccharide and glycoprotein content tracks growth-form diversity and an aridity gradient in the leaf-succulent genus Crassula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14007. [PMID: 37882271 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall traits are believed to be a key component of the succulent syndrome, an adaptive syndrome to drought, yet the variability of such traits remains largely unknown. In this study, we surveyed the leaf polysaccharide and glycoprotein composition in a wide sampling of Crassula species that occur naturally along an aridity gradient in southern Africa, and we interpreted its adaptive significance in relation to growth form and arid adaptation. To study the glycomic diversity, we sampled leaf material from 56 Crassula taxa and performed comprehensive microarray polymer profiling to obtain the relative content of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. This analysis was complemented by the determination of monosaccharide composition and immunolocalization in leaf sections using glycan-targeting antibodies. We found that compact and non-compact Crassula species occupy distinct phenotypic spaces in terms of leaf glycomics, particularly in regard to rhamnogalacturonan I, its arabinan side chains, and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Moreover, these cell wall components also correlated positively with increasing aridity, which suggests that they are likely advantageous in terms of arid adaptation. These differences point to compact Crassula species having more elastic cell walls with plasticizing properties, which can be interpreted as an adaptation toward increased drought resistance. Furthermore, we report an intracellular pool of AGPs associated with oil bodies and calcium oxalate crystals, which could be a peculiarity of Crassula and could be linked to increased drought resistance. Our results indicate that glycomics may be underlying arid adaptation and drought resistance in succulent plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, London, UK
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Olwen M Grace
- Royal Botanic Gardens, London, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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16
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Petermann M, Dianteill L, Zeidi A, Vaha Ouloassekpa R, Budisavljevic P, Le Men C, Montanier C, Roblin P, Cabane B, Schweins R, Dumon C, Bouchoux A. Arabinoxylan in Water through SANS: Single-Chain Conformation, Chain Overlap, and Clustering. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3619-3628. [PMID: 37526635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), we examine the structure and conformational behavior of wheat arabinoxylan (AX) prepared at various concentrations in a sodium phosphate aqueous buffer. As for another major hemicellulose, xyloglucan, we observe a small number of large clusters surrounded by AX chains that behave exactly as a polymer in good solvent with a Flory exponent ν = 0.588. The fit of the data at high q-values to a standard worm-like chain model gives the persistence length lp = 45 Å and cross section of the chains 2Rc = 11-12 Å. In addition, using a dedicated modeling approach, we extract from the SANS data at the intermediate q-range the correlation length ξ of the solutions in the semidilute regime. The decay of ξ with concentration follows a scaling law that further confirms the self-avoiding statistical behavior of the AX chains. This first comprehensive study about the properties of water-soluble AX at different length scales may help in the development of products and processes involving AX as a substitute for fossil carbon molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Petermann
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Dianteill
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Amal Zeidi
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Claude Le Men
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Montanier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS-20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Dumon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Bouchoux
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France
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17
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Xing L, Wang M, He Q, Zhang H, Liang H, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Du C, Xiao Y, Liu J, Li W, Liu G, Du H. Differential subgenome expression underlies biomass accumulation in allotetraploid Pennisetum giganteum. BMC Biol 2023; 21:161. [PMID: 37480118 PMCID: PMC10362693 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01643-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pennisetum giganteum (AABB, 2n = 4x = 28) is a C4 plant in the genus Pennisetum with origin in Africa but currently also grown in Asia and America. It is a crucial forage and potential energy grass with significant advantages in yield, stress resistance, and environmental adaptation. However, the mechanisms underlying these advantageous traits remain largely unexplored. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the allotetraploid P. giganteum aiming at providing insights into biomass accumulation. RESULTS Our assembly has a genome size 2.03 Gb and contig N50 of 88.47 Mb that was further divided into A and B subgenomes. Genome evolution analysis revealed the evolutionary relationships across the Panicoideae subfamily lineages and identified numerous genome rearrangements that had occurred in P. giganteum. Comparative genomic analysis showed functional differentiation between the subgenomes. Transcriptome analysis found no subgenome dominance at the overall gene expression level; however, differentially expressed homoeologous genes and homoeolog-specific expressed genes between the two subgenomes were identified, suggesting that complementary effects between the A and B subgenomes contributed to biomass accumulation of P. giganteum. Besides, C4 photosynthesis-related genes were significantly expanded in P. giganteum and their sequences and expression patterns were highly conserved between the two subgenomes, implying that both subgenomes contributed greatly and almost equally to the highly efficient C4 photosynthesis in P. giganteum. We also identified key candidate genes in the C4 photosynthesis pathway that showed sustained high expression across all developmental stages of P. giganteum. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides important genomic resources for elucidating the genetic basis of advantageous traits in polyploid species, and facilitates further functional genomics research and genetic improvement of P. giganteum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Xing
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Meijia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qiang He
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Hanfei Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Qinghong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Ze Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Cailian Du
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jianan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Huilong Du
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
- Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction, Baoding, 071000, China.
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18
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Kolkas H, Burlat V, Jamet E. Immunochemical Identification of the Main Cell Wall Polysaccharides of the Early Land Plant Marchantia polymorpha. Cells 2023; 12:1833. [PMID: 37508498 PMCID: PMC10378070 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant primary cell walls are composite structures surrounding the protoplast and containing pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose polysaccharides, as well as proteins. Their composition changed during the evolution of the green lineage from algae to terrestrial plants, i.e., from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. The constraints of life in terrestrial environments have generated new requirements for the organisms, necessitating adaptations, such as cell wall modifications. We have studied the cell wall polysaccharide composition of thalli of Marchantia polymorpha, a bryophyte belonging to one of the first land plant genera. Using a collection of specific antibodies raised against different cell wall polysaccharide epitopes, we were able to identify in polysaccharide-enriched fractions: pectins, including low-methylesterified homogalacturonans; rhamnogalacturonan I with arabinan side-chains; and hemicelluloses, such as xyloglucans with XXLG and XXXG modules, mannans, including galactomannans, and xylans. We could also show the even distribution of XXLG xyloglucans and galactomannans in the cell walls of thalli by immunocytochemistry. These results are discussed with regard to the cell wall proteome composition and in the context of the evolution of the green lineage. The cell wall polysaccharides of M. polymorpha illustrate the transition from the charophyte ancestors of terrestrial plants containing xyloglucans, xylans and mannans as hemicelluloses, and embryophytes which do not exhibit mannans as major primary cell wall polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kolkas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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19
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Liu G, Shi K, Sun H, Yang B, Weng Y. Enhancing Hydrophobicity and Oxygen Barrier of Xylan/PVOH Composite Film by 1,2,3,4-Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2811. [PMID: 37447457 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose has potential advantages in food packaging because of its abundant reserves, degradability and regeneration. However, compared with fossil-derived plastic films, hemicellulose-based films show inferior hydrophobicity and barrier properties because of their low degree of polymerization and strong hydrophilicity. Focusing on such issues, this work covers the modification of a xylan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) film using 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as esterifying agent. The thus prepared composite film was more compact owing to the esterification reaction with xylan and PVOH forming a crosslinked network structure and reducing the distance between molecular chains. The results showed that BTCA had a positive effect on the oxygen barrier, hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the composite film. The tensile strength of the xylan/PVOH composite film with 10% BTCA content increased from 11.19 MPa to 13.99 MPa. A 20% BTCA loading resulted in an increase in the contact angle of the composite film from 87.1° to 108.2°, and a decrease in the oxygen permeability from 2.11 to 0.43 (cm3·µm)/(m2·d·kPa), corresponding to increase in the contact angle by 24% and a decrease in oxygen permeability by 80%. The overall performance enhancement indicates the potential application of such composites as food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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20
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Research Progress in Hemicellulose-Based Nanocomposite Film as Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040979. [PMID: 36850261 PMCID: PMC9964622 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the main component of agricultural and forestry biomass, hemicellulose has the advantages of having an abundant source, biodegradability, nontoxicity and good biocompatibility. Its application in food packaging has thus become the focus of efficient utilization of biomass resources. However, due to its special molecular structure and physical and chemical characteristics, the mechanical properties and barrier properties of hemicellulose films are not sufficient, and modification for performance enhancement is still a challenge. In the field of food packaging materials preparation, modification of hemicellulose through blending with nanofibers or nanoparticles, both inorganic and organic, has attracted research attention because this approach offers the advantages of efficient improvement in the expected properties and better cost efficiency. In this paper, the composition of hemicellulose, the classification of nanofillers and the research status of hemicellulose-based nanocomposite films are reviewed. The research progress in modification of hemicellulose by using layered silicate, inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles in food packaging is described. Challenges and outlook of research in hemicellulose-based nanocomposite film in food packaging is discussed.
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21
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Sun Q, Wang HM, Ma CY, Hong S, Sun Z, Yuan TQ. Dynamic structural evolution of lignin macromolecules and hemicelluloses during Chinese pine growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123688. [PMID: 36801284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
To comprehend the biosynthesis processes of conifers, it is essential to investigate the disparity between the cell wall shape and the interior chemical structures of polymers throughout the development of Chinese pine. In this study, branches of mature Chinese pine were separated according to their growth time (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years). The variation of cell wall morphology and lignin distribution was comprehensively monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM), respectively. Moreover, the chemical structures of lignin and alkali-extracted hemicelluloses were extensively characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thickness of latewood cell walls increased steadily from 1.29 μm to 3.38 μm, and the structure of the cell wall components became more complicated as the growth time increased. Based on the structural analysis, it was found that the content of β-O-4 (39.88-45.44/100 Ar), β-β (3.20-10.02/100 Ar) and β-5 (8.09-15.35/100 Ar) linkages as well as the degree of polymerization of lignin increased with the growth time. The complication propensity increased significantly over 6 years before slowing to a trickle over 8 and 10 years. Furthermore, alkali-extracted hemicelluloses of Chinese pine mainly consist of galactoglucomannans and arabinoglucuronxylan, in which the relative content of galactoglucomannans increased with the growth of the pine, especially from 6 to 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Han-Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Si Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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22
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Phycobilisomes and Phycobiliproteins in the Pigment Apparatus of Oxygenic Photosynthetics: From Cyanobacteria to Tertiary Endosymbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032290. [PMID: 36768613 PMCID: PMC9916406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic photosynthesis originated in the course of evolution as a result of the uptake of some unstored cyanobacterium and its transformation to chloroplasts by an ancestral heterotrophic eukaryotic cell. The pigment apparatus of Archaeplastida and other algal phyla that emerged later turned out to be arranged in the same way. Pigment-protein complexes of photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) are characterized by uniform structures, while the light-harvesting antennae have undergone a series of changes. The phycobilisome (PBS) antenna present in cyanobacteria was replaced by Chl a/b- or Chl a/c-containing pigment-protein complexes in most groups of photosynthetics. In the form of PBS or phycobiliprotein aggregates, it was inherited by members of Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta, red algae, and photosynthetic amoebae. Supramolecular organization and architectural modifications of phycobiliprotein antennae in various algal phyla in line with the endosymbiotic theory of chloroplast origin are the subject of this review.
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23
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Cervantes-Pérez SA, Thibivillliers S, Tennant S, Libault M. Review: Challenges and perspectives in applying single nuclei RNA-seq technology in plant biology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111486. [PMID: 36202294 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant single-cell RNA-seq technology quantifies the abundance of plant transcripts at a single-cell resolution. Deciphering the transcriptomes of each plant cell, their regulation during plant cell development, and their response to environmental stresses will support the functional study of genes, the establishment of precise transcriptional programs, the prediction of more accurate gene regulatory networks, and, in the long term, the design of de novo gene pathways to enhance selected crop traits. In this review, we will discuss the opportunities, challenges, and problems, and share tentative solutions associated with the generation and analysis of plant single-cell transcriptomes. We will discuss the benefit and limitations of using plant protoplasts vs. nuclei to conduct single-cell RNA-seq experiments on various plant species and organs, the functional annotation of plant cell types based on their transcriptomic profile, the characterization of the dynamic regulation of the plant genes during cell development or in response to environmental stress, the need to characterize and integrate additional layers of -omics datasets to capture new molecular modalities at the single-cell level and reveal their causalities, the deposition and access to single-cell datasets, and the accessibility of this technology to plant scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alan Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - Sandra Thibivillliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA; Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Single Cell Genomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Sutton Tennant
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA; Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Single Cell Genomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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24
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Janas AB, Marciniuk J, Szeląg Z, Musiał K. New facts about callose events in the young ovules of some sexual and apomictic species of the Asteraceae family. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:1553-1565. [PMID: 35304670 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Callose (β-1,3-glucan) is one of the cell wall polymers that plays an important role in many biological processes in plants, including reproductive development. In angiosperms, timely deposition and degradation of callose during sporogenesis accompanies the transition of cells from somatic to generative identity. However, knowledge on the regulation of callose biosynthesis at specific sites of the megasporocyte wall remains limited and the data on its distribution are not conclusive. Establishing the callose deposition pattern in a large number of species can contribute to full understanding of its function in reproductive development. Previous studies focused on callose events in sexual species and only a few concerned apomicts. The main goal of our research was to establish and compare the pattern of callose deposition during early sexual and diplosporous processes in the ovules of some Hieracium, Pilosella and Taraxacum (Asteraceae) species; aniline blue staining technique was used for this purpose. Our findings indicate that callose deposition accompanies both meiotic and diplosporous development of the megaspore mother cell. This suggests that it has similar regulatory functions in intercellular communication regardless of the mode of reproduction. Interestingly, callose deposition followed a different pattern in the studied sexual and diplosporous species compared to most angiosperms as it usually began at the micropylar pole of the megasporocyte. Here, it was only in sexually reproducing H. transylvanicum that callose first appeared at the chalazal pole of the megasporocyte. The present paper additionally discusses the occurrence of aposporous initial cells with callose-rich walls in the ovules of diploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Janas
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Marciniuk
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Science, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szeląg
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Musiał
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
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25
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Engelhardt L, Pöhnl T, Neugart S. Edible Wild Vegetables Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L.-Antioxidants Affected by Processing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202710. [PMID: 36297734 PMCID: PMC9610176 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L., also known as stinging nettle and ground elder, are edible wild green vegetables rich in bioactive and antioxidant polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Antioxidant activity assays (TEAC-, DPPH-, and TPC-assay) in combination with HPLC measurements, to qualify and quantify their chemical compositions, were used. Firstly, the drying methods affected the antioxidant activity of further processing stages, and outcomes were dependent on the species. Secondly, cooking increased the antioxidant activity due to higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, and released bound compounds through the rupture of cell structures. Furthermore, fridge storage (3 days at 7 °C) resulted in the lowest antioxidant activity, compared to freezer storage (30 days at -20 °C). Added 5-caffeoylquinic acid (0.3 mM) led to an increased antioxidant activity, most noticeably in freeze-dried samples. Synergistic effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid were primary found in freeze-dried samples, analyzed fresh or after storage in the fridge. Metal-chelates can lower the antioxidant activity in plant matrices. Edible wild green vegetables are rich in polyphenols and processing can even increase their concentrations to boost the potential health effects. In general, selected quantified phenolics are not solely responsible for the antioxidant activity; minerals, processing, and interactions in plant matrices also contribute decisively.
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26
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Wang J, Li J, Lin W, Deng B, Lin L, Lv X, Hu Q, Liu K, Fatima M, He B, Qiu D, Ma X. Genome-wide identification and adaptive evolution of CesA/Csl superfamily among species with different life forms in Orchidaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994679. [PMID: 36247544 PMCID: PMC9559377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae, with more than 25,000 species, is one of the largest flowering plant families that can successfully colonize wide ecological niches, such as land, trees, or rocks, and its members are divided into epiphytic, terrestrial, and saprophytic types according to their life forms. Cellulose synthase (CesA) and cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes are key regulators in the synthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides, which play an important role in the adaptation of orchids to resist abiotic stresses, such as drought and cold. In this study, nine whole-genome sequenced orchid species with three types of life forms were selected; the CesA/Csl gene family was identified; the evolutionary roles and expression patterns of CesA/Csl genes adapted to different life forms and abiotic stresses were investigated. The CesA/Csl genes of nine orchid species were divided into eight subfamilies: CesA and CslA/B/C/D/E/G/H, among which the CslD subfamily had the highest number of genes, followed by CesA, whereas CslB subfamily had the least number of genes. Expansion of the CesA/Csl gene family in orchids mainly occurred in the CslD and CslF subfamilies. Conserved domain analysis revealed that eight subfamilies were conserved with variations in orchids. In total, 17 pairs of CesA/Csl homologous genes underwent positive selection, of which 86%, 14%, and none belonged to the epiphytic, terrestrial, and saprophytic orchids, respectively. The inter-species collinearity analysis showed that the CslD genes expanded in epiphytic orchids. Compared with terrestrial and saprophytic orchids, epiphytic orchids experienced greater strength of positive selection, with expansion events mostly related to the CslD subfamily, which might have resulted in strong adaptability to stress in epiphytes. Experiments on stem expression changes under abiotic stress showed that the CslA might be a key subfamily in response to drought stress for orchids with different life forms, whereas the CslD might be a key subfamily in epiphytic and saprophytic orchids to adapt to freezing stress. This study provides the basic knowledge for the further systematic study of the adaptive evolution of the CesA/Csl superfamily in angiosperms with different life forms, and research on orchid-specific functional genes related to life-history trait evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ban Deng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixian Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuanrui Lv
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qilin Hu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Liu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mahpara Fatima
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bizhu He
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaokai Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, School of Future Technology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orchid Conservation and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Rosenberg E. Rapid acquisition of microorganisms and microbial genes can help explain punctuated evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.957708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The punctuated mode of evolution posits that evolution occurs in rare bursts of rapid evolutionary change followed by long periods of genetic stability (stasis). The accepted cause for the rapid changes in punctuated evolution is special ecological circumstances – selection forces brought about by changes in the environment. This article presents a complementary explanation for punctuated evolution by the rapid formation of genetic variants in animals and plants by the acquisition of microorganisms from the environment into microbiomes and microbial genes into host genomes by horizontal gene transfer. Several examples of major evolutionary events driven by microorganisms are discussed, including the formation of the first eukaryotic cell, the ability of some animals to digest cellulose and other plant cell-wall complex polysaccharides, dynamics of root system architecture, and the formation of placental mammals. These changes by cooperation were quantum leaps in the evolutionary development of complex bilolgical systems and can contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms underlying punctuated evolution.
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28
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Huang G, Peng S, Li Y. Variation of photosynthesis during plant evolution and domestication: implications for improving crop photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4886-4896. [PMID: 35436322 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the mechanisms underlying the variation of photosynthesis along plant phylogeny and especially during domestication are of great importance, and may provide new insights to further improve crop photosynthesis. In the present study, we compiled a database including 542 sets of data of leaf gas exchange parameters and leaf structural and chemical traits in ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, non-crop angiosperms, and crops. We found that photosynthesis was dramatically improved from ferns and fern allies to non-crop angiosperms, and further increased in crops. The improvement of photosynthesis during phylogeny and domestication was related to increases in carbon dioxide diffusional capacities and, to a lesser extent, biochemical capacity. Cell wall thickness rather than chloroplast surface area facing intercellular airspaces drives the variation of mesophyll conductance. The variation of the maximum carboxylation rate was not related to leaf nitrogen content. The slope of the relationship between mass-based photosynthesis and nitrogen was lower in crops than in non-crop angiosperms. These findings suggest that the manipulation of cell wall thickness is the most promising approach to further improve crop photosynthesis, and that an increase of leaf nitrogen will be less efficient in improving photosynthesis in crops than in non-crop angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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29
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Zhang L, Wu R, Mur LAJ, Guo C, Zhao X, Meng H, Yan D, Zhang X, Guan H, Han G, Guo B, Yue F, Wei Y, Zhao P, He W. Assembly of high-quality genomes of the locoweed Oxytropis ochrocephala and its endophyte Alternaria oxytropis provides new evidence for their symbiotic relationship and swainsonine biosynthesis. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 23:253-272. [PMID: 35932461 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Locoweeds are perennial forbs poisonous to livestock and cause extreme losses to animal husbandry. Locoweed toxicity is attributed to the symbiotic endophytes in Alternaria sect. Undifilum, which produce a mycotoxin swainsonine (SW). We performed a de novo whole genome sequencing of the most common locoweed in China, Oxytropis ochrocephala (2n = 16), and assembled a high-quality, chromosome-level reference genome. Its genome size is 958.83 Mb with 930.94 Mb (97.09 %) anchored and oriented onto 8 chromosomes, and 31,700 protein-coding genes were annotated. Phylogenetic and collinearity analysis showed it is closely related to Medicago truncatula with a pair of large interchromosomal rearrangements, and both species underwent a whole-genome duplication event. We also derived the genome of A. oxytropis at 74.48 Mb with a contig N50 of 8.87 Mb and 10,657 protein-coding genes, and refined the genes of SW biosynthesis. Multiple Alternaria species containing the swnK gene were grouped into a single clade, but in other genera, swnK's homologues are diverse. Resequencing of 41 A. oxytropis strains revealed one SNP in the SWN cluster causing changes in SW concentration. Comparing the transcriptomes of symbiotic and non-symbiotic interactions identified differentially expressed genes (DEG) linked to defense and secondary metabolism in the host. Within the endophyte DEGs were linked to cell wall degradation, fatty acids and nitrogen metabolism. Symbiosis induced the up-regulation of most of the SW biosynthetic genes. These two genomes and relevant sequencing data should provide valuable genetic resources for the study of the evolution, interaction, and SW biosynthesis in the symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruolin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biology, Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK
| | - Chenchen Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huizhen Meng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Yan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuhong Zhang
- Bureau of Natural Resources, Haiyuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Huirui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Han
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangzheng Yue
- Biological Disaster Control and Prevention Centre, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yahui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Annotation of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) Nuclear Genome—One of the Most Cold-Resistant Tree Species in the Only Deciduous GENUS in Pinaceae. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152062. [PMID: 35956540 PMCID: PMC9370799 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The recent release of the nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial genome assemblies of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), one of the most cold-resistant tree species in the only deciduous genus of Pinaceae, with seasonal senescence and a rot-resistant valuable timber widely used in construction, greatly contributed to the development of genomic resources for the larch genus. Here, we present an extensive repeatome analysis and the first annotation of the draft nuclear Siberian larch genome assembly. About 66% of the larch genome consists of highly repetitive elements (REs), with the likely wave of retrotransposons insertions into the larch genome estimated to occur 4–5 MYA. In total, 39,370 gene models were predicted, with 87% of them having homology to the Arabidopsis-annotated proteins and 78% having at least one GO term assignment. The current state of the genome annotations allows for the exploration of the gymnosperm and angiosperm species for relative gene abundance in different functional categories. Comparative analysis of functional gene categories across different angiosperm and gymnosperm species finds that the Siberian larch genome has an overabundance of genes associated with programmed cell death (PCD), autophagy, stress hormone biosynthesis and regulatory pathways; genes that may play important roles in seasonal senescence and stress response to extreme cold in larch. Despite being incomplete, the draft assemblies and annotations of the conifer genomes are at a point of development where they now represent a valuable source for further genomic, genetic and population studies.
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Pierroz G. Glycosylation in the Golgi guides cellulose synthesis at the cell wall. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:921-922. [PMID: 35971865 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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32
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Pfeifer L, Mueller KK, Classen B. The cell wall of hornworts and liverworts: innovations in early land plant evolution? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4454-4472. [PMID: 35470398 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An important step for plant diversification was the transition from freshwater to terrestrial habitats. The bryophytes and all vascular plants share a common ancestor that was probably the first to adapt to life on land. A polysaccharide-rich cell wall was necessary to cope with newly faced environmental conditions. Therefore, some pre-requisites for terrestrial life have to be shared in the lineages of modern bryophytes and vascular plants. This review focuses on hornwort and liverwort cell walls and aims to provide an overview on shared and divergent polysaccharide features between these two groups of bryophytes and vascular plants. Analytical, immunocytochemical, and bioinformatic data were analysed. The major classes of polysaccharides-cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins-seem to be present but have diversified structurally during evolution. Some polysaccharide groups show structural characteristics which separate hornworts from the other bryophytes or are too poorly studied in detail to be able to draw absolute conclusions. Hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein backbones are found in hornworts and liverworts, and show differences in, for example, the occurrence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored arabinogalactan-proteins, while glycosylation is practically unstudied. Overall, the data are an appeal to researchers in the field to gain more knowledge on cell wall structures in order to understand the changes with regard to bryophyte evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim-Kristine Mueller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Birgit Classen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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Ma J, Wang S, Zhu X, Sun G, Chang G, Li L, Hu X, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Song CP, Huang J. Major episodes of horizontal gene transfer drove the evolution of land plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:857-871. [PMID: 35235827 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has contributed to the evolution of animals and plants remains a major puzzle. Despite recent progress, defining the overall scale and pattern of HGT events in land plants has been largely elusive. In this study, we performed systematic analyses for acquired genes in different plant groups and throughout land plant evolution. We found that relatively recent HGT events occurred in charophytes and all major land plant groups, but their frequency declined rapidly in seed plants. Two major episodes of HGT events occurred in land plant evolution, corresponding to the early evolution of streptophytes and the origin of land plants, respectively. Importantly, a vast majority of the genes acquired in the two episodes have been retained in descendant groups, affecting numerous activities and processes of land plants. We analyzed some of the acquired genes involved in stress responses, ion and metabolite transport, growth and development, and specialized metabolism, and further assessed the cumulative effects of HGT in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuanghua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guiling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guanxiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Linhong Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shouzhou Zhang
- Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jinling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
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Fradera-Soler M, Grace OM, Jørgensen B, Mravec J. Elastic and collapsible: current understanding of cell walls in succulent plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2290-2307. [PMID: 35167681 PMCID: PMC9015807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Succulent plants represent a large functional group of drought-resistant plants that store water in specialized tissues. Several co-adaptive traits accompany this water-storage capacity to constitute the succulent syndrome. A widely reported anatomical adaptation of cell walls in succulent tissues allows them to fold in a regular fashion during extended drought, thus preventing irreversible damage and permitting reversible volume changes. Although ongoing research on crop and model species continuously reports the importance of cell walls and their dynamics in drought resistance, the cell walls of succulent plants have received relatively little attention to date, despite the potential of succulents as natural capital to mitigate the effects of climate change. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of cell walls in drought-avoiding succulents and their effects on tissue biomechanics, water relations, and photosynthesis. We also highlight the existing knowledge gaps and propose a hypothetical model for regulated cell wall folding in succulent tissues upon dehydration. Future perspectives of methodological development in succulent cell wall characterization, including the latest technological advances in molecular and imaging techniques, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fradera-Soler
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | | | | | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Correspondence: or
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Pancaldi F, van Loo EN, Schranz ME, Trindade LM. Genomic Architecture and Evolution of the Cellulose synthase Gene Superfamily as Revealed by Phylogenomic Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:870818. [PMID: 35519813 PMCID: PMC9062648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.870818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Cellulose synthase superfamily synthesizes cellulose and different hemicellulosic polysaccharides in plant cell walls. While much has been discovered about the evolution and function of these genes, their genomic architecture and relationship with gene (sub-)functionalization and evolution remains unclear. By using 242 genomes covering plant evolution from green algae to eudicots, we performed a large-scale analysis of synteny, phylogenetic, and functional data of the CesA superfamily. Results revealed considerable gene copy number variation across species and gene families, and also two patterns - singletons vs. tandem arrays - in chromosomic gene arrangement. Synteny analysis revealed exceptional conservation of gene architecture across species, but also lineage-specific patterns across gene (sub-)families. Synteny patterns correlated with gene sub-functionalization into primary and secondary CesAs and distinct CslD functional isoforms. Furthermore, a genomic context shift of a group of cotton secondary CesAs was associated with peculiar properties of cotton fiber synthesis. Finally, phylogenetics suggested that primary CesA sequences appeared before the secondary CesAs, while phylogenomic analyses unveiled the genomic trace of the CslD duplication that initiated the CslF family. Our results describe in detail the genomic architecture of the CesA superfamily in plants, highlighting its crucial relevance for gene diversification and sub-functionalization, and for understanding their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pancaldi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Luisa M. Trindade
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Das R, Lindström T, Sharma PR, Chi K, Hsiao BS. Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8936-9031. [PMID: 35330990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NC) are nature-based sustainable biomaterials, which not only possess cellulosic properties but also have the important hallmarks of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, versatile reactive sites or functionalities, and scaffolding stability to host inorganic nanoparticles. This class of nanomaterials offers new opportunities for a broad spectrum of applications for clean water production that were once thought impractical. This Review covers substantial discussions based on evaluative judgments of the recent literature and technical advancements in the fields of coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration for water decontamination through proper understanding of fundamental knowledge of NC, such as purity, crystallinity, surface chemistry and charge, suspension rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, and film stability. To supplement these, discussions on low-cost and scalable NC extraction, new characterizations including solution small-angle X-ray scattering evaluation, and structure-property relationships of NC are also reviewed. Identifying knowledge gaps and drawing perspectives could generate guidance to overcome uncertainties associated with the adaptation of NC-enabled water purification technologies. Furthermore, the topics of simultaneous removal of multipollutants disposal and proper handling of post/spent NC are discussed. We believe NC-enabled remediation nanomaterials can be integrated into a broad range of water treatments, greatly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel Das
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tom Lindström
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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Wood JA, Knights EJ, Campbell GM, Harden S, Choct M. Enzyme pre-milling treatments improved milling performance of chickpeas by targeting mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion with various effects on dhal quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:62-72. [PMID: 34031883 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehulling and splitting are important elements of the milling process to produce dhal from pulses. However, grain that is difficult-to-mill because of tightly adhered seed coats or cotyledons that resist separation makes it difficult to achieve high quality dhal. Milling yields are reduced, energy inputs into the milling process are increased, and the resulting dhal can be of poorer quality, chipped or abraded. RESULTS Eight enzyme pre-treatments were chosen based on the hypothesised mechanisms of seed coat and cotyledon adhesion established previously. Using a difficult-to-mill chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotype, we examined the effects of these pre-treatments, over time, on laboratory-scale milling performance and dhal quality. We pioneered a texture analyser method to measure the flex of the cotyledons and the force required to cleave the cotyledons. The enzyme-induced changes ranged from negative (tough seed coat, weight loss, deleterious colour and texture, increased visual damage to cotyledons and increased kibble loss, concave cotyledons, increased flex, and changes in taste) to positive (brittle seed coat, increased seed volume, improved dehulling efficiency and splitting yield, reduced cotyledon cleavage force, and acceptable dhal quality and taste). CONCLUSION All pre-treatments improved milling performance compared to milling the raw seed, although there was considerable variation between them. Two pre-treatments showed no improvement in milling yields compared to the water control, and several pre-treatments resulted in unacceptable qualities. Three pre-treatments, endo-polygalacturonanase, α-galactosidase and cellulase, show potential for commercial milling applications and could assist pulse millers globally to achieve high quality dhal at the same time as minimising milling effort. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Wood
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | - Edmund J Knights
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Steven Harden
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, Calala, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingan Choct
- University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Roig-Oliver M, Douthe C, Bota J, Flexas J. Cell wall thickness and composition are related to photosynthesis in Antarctic mosses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1914-1925. [PMID: 34432898 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall thickness (Tcw ) has been proposed as an important anatomical trait that could determine photosynthesis through land plants' phylogeny, bryophytes being the plant group presenting the thickest walls and the lowest photosynthetic rates. Also, it has recently been suggested that cell wall composition may have the potential to influence both thickness and mesophyll conductance (gm ), representing a novel trait that could ultimately affect photosynthesis. However, only a few studies in spermatophytes have demonstrated this issue. In order to explore the role of cell wall composition in determining both Tcw and gm in mosses, we tested six species grown under field conditions in Antarctica. We performed gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, an anatomical characterization, and a quantitative analysis of cell wall main composition (i.e., cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins) in these six species. We found the photosynthetic rates to vary between the species, and they also presented differences in anatomical characteristics and in cell wall composition. Whilst gm correlated negatively with Tcw and pectins content, a positive relationship between Tcw and pectins emerged, suggesting that pectins could contribute to determine cell wall porosity. Although our results do not allow us to provide conclusive statements, we suggest for the first time that cell wall composition-with pectins playing a key role-could strongly influence Tcw and gm in Antarctic mosses, ultimately defining photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Roig-Oliver
- Departament de Biologia, Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), INAGEA, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Departament de Biologia, Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), INAGEA, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Departament de Biologia, Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), INAGEA, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Departament de Biologia, Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), INAGEA, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Xing K, Niinemets Ü, Rengel Z, Onoda Y, Xia J, Chen HYH, Zhao M, Han W, Li H. Global patterns of leaf construction traits and their covariation along climate and soil environmental gradients. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1648-1660. [PMID: 34418102 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Leaf functional traits and their covariation underlie plant ecological adaptations along environmental gradients, but there is limited information on the global covariation patterns of key leaf construction traits. To explore how leaf construction traits co-vary across diverse climate and soil environmental conditions, we compiled a global dataset including cell wall mass per unit leaf mass (CWmass ), leaf carbon (C) and calcium (Ca) concentrations, and specific leaf area (SLA) for 2348 angiosperm species from 340 sites world-wide. Our results demonstrated negative correlations between leaf C and Ca concentrations and between leaf C and SLA across diverse nongraminoid angiosperms. Leaf C concentration increased with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) and with decreasing soil pH and calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) concentration, whereas leaf Ca concentration and SLA exhibited the opposite responses to these environmental variables. The covariations of leaf Ca-C and of leaf SLA-C were stronger in habitats with lower MAT and MAP, and/or higher soil CaCO3 content. This global-scale analysis demonstrates that the leaf C and Ca concentrations and SLA together govern the C and biomass investment strategies in leaves of nongraminoids. We conclude that environmental conditions strongly shape leaf construction traits and their covariation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Xing
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jiangzhou Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Mingfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenxuan Han
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Cold Tolerance during the Reproductive Phase in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Is Associated with Superior Cold Acclimation Ability Involving Antioxidants and Cryoprotective Solutes in Anthers and Ovules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111693. [PMID: 34829564 PMCID: PMC8614842 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea is sensitive to cold stress, especially at reproductive stage, resulting in flower and pod abortion that significantly reduces seed yield. In the present study, we evaluated (a) whether cold acclimation imparts reproductive cold tolerance in chickpea; (b) how genotypes with contrasting sensitivity respond to cold acclimation; and (c) the involvement of cryoprotective solutes and antioxidants in anthers and ovules in cold acclimation. Four chickpea genotypes with contrasting cold sensitivity (cold-tolerant: ICC 17258, ICC 16349; cold-sensitive: ICC 15567, GPF 2) were grown in an outdoor environment for 40 days in November (average maximum/minimum temperature 24.9/15.9 °C) before being subjected to cold stress (13/7 °C), with or without cold acclimation in a controlled environment of walk-in-growth chambers. The 42-d cold acclimation involved 7 d exposure at each temperature beginning with 23/15 °C, 21/13 °C, 20/12 °C, 20/10 °C, 18/8 °C, 15/8 °C (12 h/12 h day/night), prior to exposing the plants to cold stress (13/7 °C, 12 h/12 h day/night; 700 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensity; 65–70% relative humidity). Cold acclimation remarkably reduced low temperature-induced leaf damage (as membrane integrity, leaf water status, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence) under cold stress in all four genotypes. It only reduced anther and ovule damage in cold-tolerant genotypes due to improved antioxidative ability, measured as enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbate and reduced glutathione), solutes (particularly sucrose and γ-aminobutyric acid) leading to improving reproductive function and yield traits, whereas cold-sensitive genotypes were not responsive. The study concluded that cold tolerance in chickpea appears to be related to the better ability of anthers and ovules to acclimate, involving various antioxidants and cryoprotective solutes. This information will be useful in directing efforts toward increasing cold tolerance in chickpea.
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Lin CY, Sun Y, Song J, Chen HC, Shi R, Yang C, Liu J, Tunlaya-Anukit S, Liu B, Loziuk PL, Williams CM, Muddiman DC, Lin YCJ, Sederoff RR, Wang JP, Chiang VL. Enzyme Complexes of Ptr4CL and PtrHCT Modulate Co-enzyme A Ligation of Hydroxycinnamic Acids for Monolignol Biosynthesis in Populus trichocarpa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:727932. [PMID: 34691108 PMCID: PMC8527181 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.727932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Co-enzyme A (CoA) ligation of hydroxycinnamic acids by 4-coumaric acid:CoA ligase (4CL) is a critical step in the biosynthesis of monolignols. Perturbation of 4CL activity significantly impacts the lignin content of diverse plant species. In Populus trichocarpa, two well-studied xylem-specific Ptr4CLs (Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5) catalyze the CoA ligation of 4-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeic acid to caffeoyl-CoA. Subsequently, two 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:shikimic acid hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (PtrHCT1 and PtrHCT6) mediate the conversion of 4-coumaroyl-CoA to caffeoyl-CoA. Here, we show that the CoA ligation of 4-coumaric and caffeic acids is modulated by Ptr4CL/PtrHCT protein complexes. Downregulation of PtrHCTs reduced Ptr4CL activities in the stem-differentiating xylem (SDX) of transgenic P. trichocarpa. The Ptr4CL/PtrHCT interactions were then validated in vivo using biomolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and protein pull-down assays in P. trichocarpa SDX extracts. Enzyme activity assays using recombinant proteins of Ptr4CL and PtrHCT showed elevated CoA ligation activity for Ptr4CL when supplemented with PtrHCT. Numerical analyses based on an evolutionary computation of the CoA ligation activity estimated the stoichiometry of the protein complex to consist of one Ptr4CL and two PtrHCTs, which was experimentally confirmed by chemical cross-linking using SDX plant protein extracts and recombinant proteins. Based on these results, we propose that Ptr4CL/PtrHCT complexes modulate the metabolic flux of CoA ligation for monolignol biosynthesis during wood formation in P. trichocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jina Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hsi-Chuan Chen
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rui Shi
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Chenmin Yang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jie Liu
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Sermsawat Tunlaya-Anukit
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Baoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Department of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Philip L. Loziuk
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cranos M. Williams
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David C. Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronald R. Sederoff
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jack P. Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Yang X, Hill KA, Austin RS, Tian L. Differential Gene Expression of Brachypodium distachyon Roots Colonized by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and the Role of BdCESA8 in the Colonization. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:1143-1156. [PMID: 34709058 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0170-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer are needed to reduce the costs of crop production and offset environmental damage. Nitrogen-fixing bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been proposed as a possible biofertilizer for monocot crop production. However, the colonization of G. diazotrophicus in most monocot crops is limited and deep understanding of the response of host plants to G. diazotrophicus colonization is still lacking. In this study, the molecular response of the monocot plant model Brachypodium distachyon was studied during G. diazotrophicus root colonization. The gene expression profiles of B. distachyon root tissues colonized by G. diazotrophicus were generated via next-generation RNA sequencing, and investigated through gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis. The RNA sequencing results indicated that Brachypodium is actively involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization via cell wall synthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, gibberellin biosynthesis. nitrogen assimilation, and primary and secondary metabolite pathways are also modulated to accommodate and control the extent of G. diazotrophicus colonization. Cellulose synthesis is significantly downregulated during colonization. The loss of function mutant for Brachypodium cellulose synthase 8 (BdCESA8) showed decreased cellulose content in xylem and increased resistance to G. diazotrophicus colonization. This result suggested that the cellulose synthesis of the secondary cell wall is involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization. The results of this study provide insights for future research in regard to gene manipulation for efficient colonization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Brachypodium and monocot crops.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Kathleen A Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Ryan S Austin
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Lining Tian
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
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Soderberg DN, Kyre B, Bonello P, Bentz BJ. Lignin concentrations in phloem and outer bark are not associated with resistance to mountain pine beetle among high elevation pines. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250395. [PMID: 34555045 PMCID: PMC8460017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A key component in understanding plant-insect interactions is the nature of host defenses. Research on defense traits among Pinus species has focused on specialized metabolites and axial resin ducts, but the role of lignin in defense within diverse systems is unclear. We investigated lignin levels in the outer bark and phloem of P. longaeva, P. balfouriana, and P. flexilis; tree species growing at high elevations in the western United States known to differ in susceptibility to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB). Pinus longaeva and P. balfouriana are attacked by MPB less frequently than P. flexilis, and MPB brood production in P. longaeva is limited. Because greater lignification of feeding tissues has been shown to provide defense against bark beetles in related genera, such as Picea, we hypothesized that P. longaeva and P. balfouriana would have greater lignin concentrations than P. flexilis. Contrary to expectations, we found that the more MPB-susceptible P. flexilis had greater phloem lignin levels than the less susceptible P. longaeva and P. balfouriana. No differences in outer bark lignin levels among the species were found. We conclude that lignification in Pinus phloem and outer bark is likely not adaptive as a physical defense against MPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Soderberg
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - Bethany Kyre
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Pierluigi Bonello
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Bentz
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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Hessler G, Portheine SM, Gerlach EM, Lienemann T, Koch G, Voigt CA, Hoth S. PMR4-dependent cell wall depositions are a consequence but not the cause of temperature-induced autoimmunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab423. [PMID: 34519761 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a well-balanced immune system that is required for defense against pathogen infections. In autoimmune mutants or necrotic crosses, an intrinsic temperature-dependent imbalance leads to constitutive immune activation, resulting in severe damage or even death of plants. Recently, cell wall depositions were described as one of the symptoms following induction of the autoimmune phenotype in Arabidopsis saul1-1 mutants. However, the regulation and function of these depositions remained unclear. Here, we show that cell wall depositions, containing lignin and callose, were a common autoimmune feature and were deposited in proportion to the severity of the autoimmune phenotype at reduced ambient temperatures. When plants were exposed to reduced temperature for periods insufficient to induce an autoimmune phenotype, the cell wall depositions were not present. After low temperature intervals, sufficient to induce autoimmune responses, cell wall depositions correlated with a point of no return in saul1-1 autoimmunity. Although cell wall depositions were largely abolished in saul1-1 pmr4-1 double mutants lacking SAUL1 and the callose synthase gene GSL5/PMR4, their phenotype remained unchanged compared to that of the saul1-1 single mutant. Our data showed that cell wall depositions generally occur in autoimmunity, but appear not to be the cause of autoimmune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Hessler
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Michael Portheine
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Gerlach
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lienemann
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Koch
- Thuenen-Institute of Wood Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian A Voigt
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stefan Hoth
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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de Vries L, Guevara-Rozo S, Cho M, Liu LY, Renneckar S, Mansfield SD. Tailoring renewable materials via plant biotechnology. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:167. [PMID: 34353358 PMCID: PMC8344217 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants inherently display a rich diversity in cell wall chemistry, as they synthesize an array of polysaccharides along with lignin, a polyphenolic that can vary dramatically in subunit composition and interunit linkage complexity. These same cell wall chemical constituents play essential roles in our society, having been isolated by a variety of evolving industrial processes and employed in the production of an array of commodity products to which humans are reliant. However, these polymers are inherently synthesized and intricately packaged into complex structures that facilitate plant survival and adaptation to local biogeoclimatic regions and stresses, not for ease of deconstruction and commercial product development. Herein, we describe evolving techniques and strategies for altering the metabolic pathways related to plant cell wall biosynthesis, and highlight the resulting impact on chemistry, architecture, and polymer interactions. Furthermore, this review illustrates how these unique targeted cell wall modifications could significantly extend the number, diversity, and value of products generated in existing and emerging biorefineries. These modifications can further target the ability for processing of engineered wood into advanced high performance materials. In doing so, we attempt to illuminate the complex connection on how polymer chemistry and structure can be tailored to advance renewable material applications, using all the chemical constituents of plant-derived biopolymers, including pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, and lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne de Vries
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA
| | - Sydne Guevara-Rozo
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - MiJung Cho
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Li-Yang Liu
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott Renneckar
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- US Department of Energy (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, the Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI , 53726, USA.
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Carriquí M, Nadal M, Flexas J. Acclimation of mesophyll conductance and anatomy to light during leaf aging in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1894-1907. [PMID: 33724455 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ), a key limitation to photosynthesis, is strongly driven by leaf anatomy, which is in turn influenced by environmental growth conditions and ontogeny. However, studies examining the combined environment × age effect on both leaf anatomy and photosynthesis are scarce, and none have been carried out in short-lived plants. Here, we studied the variation of photosynthesis and leaf anatomy in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) grown under three different light intensities at two different leaf ages. We found that light × age interaction was significant for photosynthesis but not for anatomical characteristics. Increasing growth light intensities resulted in increases in leaf mass per area, thickness, number of palisade cell layers, and chloroplast area lining to intercellular airspace. Low and moderate-but not high-light intensity had a significant effect on all photosynthetic characteristics. Leaf aging was associated with increases in cell wall thickness (Tcw ) in all light treatments and in increases in leaf thickness in plants grown under low and moderate light intensities. However, gm did not vary with leaf aging, and photosynthesis only decreased with leaf age under moderate and high light, suggesting a compensatory effect between increased Tcw and decreased chloroplast thickness on the total CO2 diffusion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carriquí
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Nadal
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
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Li HT, Chen SQ, Bui AT, Xu B, Dhital S. Natural ‘capsule’ in food plants: Cell wall porosity controls starch digestion and fermentation. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Toumpanaki E, Shah DU, Eichhorn SJ. Beyond What Meets the Eye: Imaging and Imagining Wood Mechanical-Structural Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001613. [PMID: 32830395 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wood presents a hierarchical structure, containing features at all length scales: from the tracheids or vessels that make up its cellular structure, through to the microfibrils within the cell walls, down to the molecular architecture of the cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses that comprise its chemical makeup. This structure renders it with high mechanical (e.g., modulus and strength) and interesting physical (e.g., optical) properties. A better understanding of this structure, and how it plays a role in governing mechanical and other physical parameters, will help to better exploit this sustainable resource. Here, recent developments on the use of advanced imaging techniques for studying the structural properties of wood in relation to its mechanical properties are explored. The focus is on synchrotron nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray tomographical imaging, Raman and infrared spectroscopies, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Critical discussion on the role of imaging techniques and how fields are developing rapidly to incorporate both spatial and temporal ranges of analysis is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Toumpanaki
- Bristol Composites Institute, CAME School of Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
| | - Darshil U Shah
- Department of Architecture, Centre for Natural Materials Innovation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PX, UK
| | - Stephen J Eichhorn
- Bristol Composites Institute, CAME School of Engineering, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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Henry JS, Ligrone R, Vaughn KC, Lopez RA, Renzaglia KS. Cell wall polymers in the Phaeoceros placenta reflect developmental and functional differences across generations. BRYOPHYTE DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION 2021; 43:265-283. [PMID: 34532591 PMCID: PMC8443004 DOI: 10.11646/bde.43.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The placenta of hornworts is unique among bryophytes in the restriction of transfer cells that are characterized by elaborate wall labyrinths to the gametophyte generation. During development, cells around the periphery of the sporophyte foot elongate, forming smooth-walled haustorial cells that interdigitate with gametophyte cells. Using immunogold labeling with 22 antibodies to diverse cell wall polymers, we examined compositional differences in the developmentally and morphologically distinct cell walls of gametophyte transfer cells and sporophyte haustorial cells in the placenta of Phaeoceros. As detected by Calcofluor White fluorescence, cellulose forms the cell wall scaffolding in cells on both sides of the placenta. Homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) pectins are abundant in both cell types, and haustrorial cells are further enriched in methyl-esterified HGs. The abundance of pectins in placental cell walls is consistent with the postulated roles of these polymers in cell wall porosity and in maintaining an acidic apoplastic pH favorable to solute transport. Xyloglucan hemicellulose, but not mannans or glucuronoxylans, are present in cell walls at the interface between the two generations with a lower density in gametophytic wall ingrowths. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are diverse along the plasmalemma of placental cells and are absent in surrounding cells in both generations. AGPs in placental cell walls may play a role in calcium binding and release associated with signal transduction as has been speculated for these glycoproteins in other plants. Callose is restricted to thin areas in cell walls of gametophyte transfer cells. In contrast to studies of transfer cells in other systems, no reaction to the JIM12 antibody against extensin was observed in Phaeoceros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Henry
- Department of Plant Biology, MC:6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | | | | | - Renee A Lopez
- Department of Plant Biology, MC:6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Karen S Renzaglia
- Department of Plant Biology, MC:6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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Cruz-Valderrama JE, Bernal-Gallardo JJ, Herrera-Ubaldo H, de Folter S. Building a Flower: The Influence of Cell Wall Composition on Flower Development and Reproduction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070978. [PMID: 34206830 PMCID: PMC8304806 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral patterning is a complex task. Various organs and tissues must be formed to fulfill reproductive functions. Flower development has been studied, mainly looking for master regulators. However, downstream changes such as the cell wall composition are relevant since they allow cells to divide, differentiate, and grow. In this review, we focus on the main components of the primary cell wall-cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins-to describe how enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, modifications, and degradation of cell wall components are related to the formation of the floral organs. Additionally, internal and external stimuli participate in the genetic regulation that modulates the activity of cell wall remodeling proteins.
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