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Nemati I, Sedghi M, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Tavakkol Afshari R, Naghavi MR, Gholizadeh S. DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 ( DOG1) regulates dormancy in dimorphic seeds of Xanthium strumarium. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:742-758. [PMID: 35569923 DOI: 10.1071/fp21315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy ensures plant survival but many mechanisms remain unclear. A high-throughput RNA-seq analysis investigated the mechanisms involved in the establishment of dormancy in dimorphic seeds of Xanthium strumarium (L.) developing in one single burr. Results showed that DOG1 , the main dormancy gene in Arabidopsis thaliana L., was over-represented in the dormant seed leading to the formation of two seeds with different cell wall properties. Less expression of DME /EMB1649 , UBP26 , EMF2, MOM, SNL2, and AGO4 in the non-dormant seed was observed, which function in the chromatin remodelling of dormancy-associated genes through DNA methylation. However, higher levels of ATXR7 /SDG25, ELF6 , and JMJ16/PKDM7D in the non-dormant seed that act at the level of histone demethylation and activate germination were found. Dramatically lower expression in the splicing factors SUA, PWI , and FY in non-dormant seed may indicate that variation in RNA splicing for ABA sensitivity and transcriptional elongation control of DOG1 is of importance for inducing seed dormancy. Seed size and germination may be influenced by respiratory factors, and alterations in ABA content and auxin distribution and responses. TOR (a serine/threonine-protein kinase) is likely at the centre of a regulatory hub controlling seed metabolism, maturation, and germination. Over-representation of the respiration-associated genes (ACO3 , PEPC3 , and D2HGDH ) was detected in non-dormant seed, suggesting differential energy supplies in the two seeds. Degradation of ABA biosynthesis and/or proper auxin signalling in the large seed may control germinability, and suppression of endoreduplication in the small seed may be a mechanism for cell differentiation and cell size determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Nemati
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sedghi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; and Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Tavakkol Afshari
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Gholizadeh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Genome Wide Identification and Characterization of Apple WD40 Proteins and Expression Analysis in Response to ABA, Drought, and Low Temperature. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Basic WD40 proteins, which are characterized by a conserved WD40 domain, comprise a superfamily of regulatory proteins in plants and play important roles in plant growth and development. However, WD40 genes have been rarely studied in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). In this study, 346 WD40 genes classified in 12 subfamilies, were identified in the apple genome. Evolutionary analysis of WD40 proteins in apple and Arabidopsis revealed that the genes were classifiable into 14 groups, and the exon/intron structure of each group showed a similar structure. Analysis of collinearity showed that the large-scale amplification of WD40 genes in apple was largely attributable to recent whole-genome replication events. Nineteen candidate stress-related genes, selected by GO annotation and comparison with Arabidopsis homologs, showed different expression profiles in six organs at different developmental stages in response to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), drought, and low temperature. Eight genes (MdWD40-17, 24, 70, 74, 219, 256, 283, and 307) showed a distinct response to one or more treatments (ABA, drought, and low temperature) as indicated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Taken together, these data provide rich resources for further study of MdWD40 genes and their potential roles in stress responses in apple.
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Chen F, Li Y, Li X, Li W, Xu J, Cao H, Wang Z, Li Y, Soppe WJJ, Liu Y. Ectopic expression of the Arabidopsis florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T in seeds enhances seed dormancy via the GA and DOG1 pathways. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:909-924. [PMID: 34037275 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of specific genes in seeds could be a tool for molecular design of crops to alter seed dormancy and germination, thereby improving production. Here, a seed-specific vector, 12S-pLEELA, was applied to study the roles of genes in Arabidopsis seeds. Transgenic lines containing FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) driven by the 12S promoter exhibited significantly increased seed dormancy and earlier flowering. Mutated FT(Y85H) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) transgenic lines also showed increased seed dormancy but without altered flowering time. FT(Y85H) and TFL1 caused weaker seed dormancy enhancement compared to FT. The FT and TFL1 transgenic lines showed hypersensitivity to paclobutrazol, but not to abscisic acid in seed germination. The levels of bioactive gibberellin 3 (GA3 ) and GA4 were significantly reduced, consistent with decreased expression of COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (CPS), KAURENE OXIDASE (KO), GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE2 (GA3ox2), and GA20ox1 in p12S::FT lines. Exogenous GA4+7 could recover the germination ability of FT transgenic lines. These results revealed that FT regulates GA biosynthesis. A genetic analysis indicated that the GA signaling regulator SPINDLY (SPY) is epistatic to FT in GA-mediated seed germination. Furthermore, DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) showed significantly higher transcript levels in p12S::FT lines. Seed dormancy analysis of dog1-2 spy-3 p12S::FT-2 indicated that the combination of SPY and DOG1 is epistatic to FT in the regulation of dormancy. Overall, we showed that ectopic expression of FT and TFL1 in seeds enhances dormancy through affecting GA and DOG1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Science and Technology Daily, Beijing, China
| | - Jimei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Bernardes WS, Menossi M. Plant 3' Regulatory Regions From mRNA-Encoding Genes and Their Uses to Modulate Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1252. [PMID: 32922424 PMCID: PMC7457121 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biotechnology has made it possible to explore the potential of plants for different purposes. The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis-regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis-elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis-acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions.
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Lin JH, Yu LH, Xiang CB. ARABIDOPSIS NITRATE REGULATED 1 acts as a negative modulator of seed germination by activating ABI3 expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:835-847. [PMID: 31491809 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial transition point in plant life and is tightly regulated by environmental conditions through the coordination of two phytohormones, gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA). To avoid unfavorable conditions, plants have evolved safeguard mechanisms for seed germination. The present contribution reports a novel function of the Arabidopsis MCM1/AGAMOUS/DEFICIENS/SRF(MADS)-box transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS NITRATE REGULATED 1 (ANR1) in seed germination. ANR1 knockout mutant is insensitive to ABA, salt and osmotic stress during the seed germination and early seedling development stages, whereas ANR1-overexpressing lines are hypersensitive. ANR1 is responsive to ABA and abiotic stresses and upregulates the expression of ABA Intolerant (ABI)3 to suppress seed germination. ANR1 and ABI3 have similar expression pattern during seed germination. Genetically, ABI3 acts downstream of ANR1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast-one-hybrid assays showed that ANR1 could bind to the ABI3 promoter to regulate its expression. In addition, ANR1 acts synergistically with AGL21 to suppress seed germination in response to ABA as evidenced by anr1 agl21 double mutant. Taken together, the results herein demonstrate that the ANR1 plays an important role in regulating seed germination and early postgermination growth. ANR1 and AGL21 together constitutes a safeguard mechanism for seed germination to avoid unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Lin-Hui Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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Huang BL, Li X, Liu P, Ma L, Wu W, Zhang X, Li Z, Huang B. Transcriptomic analysis of Eruca vesicaria subs. sativa lines with contrasting tolerance to polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:419. [PMID: 31604421 PMCID: PMC6787972 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa is one of the Cruciferae species most tolerant to drought stress. In our previous study some extremely drought-tolerant/sensitive Eruca lines were obtained. However little is known about the mechanism for drought tolerance in Eruca. METHODS In this study two E. vesicaria subs. sativa lines with contrasting drought tolerance were treated with liquid MS/PEG solution. Total RNA was isolated from 7-day old whole seedlings and then applied to Illumina sequencing platform for high-throughput transcriptional sequencing. RESULTS KEGG pathway analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, Tyrosine metabolism, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, Galactose metabolism, Isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, Tropane, Piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis, Mineral absorption, were all up-regulated specifically in drought-tolerant (DT) Eruca line under drought stress, while DEGs involved in ribosome, ribosome biogenesis, Pyrimidine metabolism, RNA degradation, Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Citrate cycle, Methane metabolism, Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, were all down-regulated. 51 DEGs were found to be most significantly up-regulated (log2 ratio ≥ 8) specifically in the DT line under PEG treatment, including those for ethylene-responsive transcription factors, WRKY and bHLH transcription factors, calmodulin-binding transcription activator, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, WD repeat-containing protein, OPDA reductase, allene oxide cyclase, aquaporin, O-acyltransferase WSD1, C-5 sterol desaturase, sugar transporter ERD6-like 12, trehalose-phosphate phosphatase and galactinol synthase 4. Eight of these 51 DEGs wre enriched in 8 COG and 17 KEGG pathways. CONCLUSIONS DEGs that were found to be most significantly up-regulated specifically in the DT line under PEG treatment, up-regulation of DEGs involved in Arginine and proline metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and down-regulation of carbon fixation and protein synthesis might be critical for the drought tolerance in Eruca. These results will be valuable for revealing mechanism of drought tolerance in Eruca and also for genetic engineering to improve drought tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Lian Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Jiangsu Microbe Biological & Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xuekun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zaiyun Li
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bangquan Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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Auge GA, Penfield S, Donohue K. Pleiotropy in developmental regulation by flowering-pathway genes: is it an evolutionary constraint? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:55-70. [PMID: 31074008 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences more than one trait, contributing to genetic correlations among traits. Consequently, it is considered a constraint on the evolution of adaptive phenotypes because of potential antagonistic selection on correlated traits, or, alternatively, preservation of functional trait combinations. Such evolutionary constraints may be mitigated by the evolution of different functions of pleiotropic genes in their regulation of different traits. Arabidopsis thaliana flowering-time genes, and the pathways in which they operate, are among the most thoroughly studied regarding molecular functions, phenotypic effects, and adaptive significance. Many of them show strong pleiotropic effects. Here, we review examples of pleiotropy of flowering-time genes and highlight those that also influence seed germination. Some genes appear to operate in the same genetic pathways when regulating both traits, whereas others show diversity of function in their regulation, either interacting with the same genetic partners but in different ways or potentially interacting with different partners. We discuss how functional diversification of pleiotropic genes in the regulation of different traits across the life cycle may mitigate evolutionary constraints of pleiotropy, permitting traits to respond more independently to environmental cues, and how it may even contribute to the evolutionary divergence of gene function across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Auge
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE3, Argentina
| | - Steven Penfield
- The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham , NC 27708-0338, USA
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Yu Z, Lin J, Li QQ. Transcriptome Analyses of FY Mutants Reveal Its Role in mRNA Alternative Polyadenylation. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2332-2352. [PMID: 31427469 PMCID: PMC6790095 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A crucial step for mRNA polyadenylation is poly(A) signal recognition by trans-acting factors. The mammalian cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex components CPSF30 and WD repeat-containing protein33 (WDR33) recognize the canonical AAUAAA for polyadenylation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the flowering time regulator FY is the homolog of WDR33. However, its role in mRNA polyadenylation is poorly understood. Using poly(A) tag sequencing, we found that >50% of alternative polyadenylation (APA) events are altered in fy single mutants or double mutants with oxt6 (a null mutant of AtCPSF30), but mutation of the FY WD40-repeat has a stronger effect than deletion of the plant-unique Pro-Pro-Leu-Pro-Pro (PPLPP) domain. fy mutations disrupt AAUAAA or AAUAAA-like poly(A) signal recognition. Notably, A-rich signal usage is suppressed in the WD40-repeat mutation but promoted in PPLPP-domain deficiency. However, fy mutations do not aggravate the altered signal usage in oxt6 Furthermore, the WD40-repeat mutation shows a preference for 3' untranslated region shortening, but the PPLPP-domain deficiency shows a preference for lengthening. Interestingly, the WD40-repeat mutant exhibits shortened primary roots and late flowering with alteration of APA of related genes. Importantly, the long transcripts of two APA genes affected in fy are related to abiotic stress responses. These results reveal a conserved and specific role of FY in mRNA polyadenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361102
| | - Juncheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361102
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766
| | - Qingshun Quinn Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 361102
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766
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Mao X, Zhang J, Liu W, Yan S, Liu Q, Fu H, Zhao J, Huang W, Dong J, Zhang S, Yang T, Yang W, Liu B, Wang F. The MKKK62-MKK3-MAPK7/14 module negatively regulates seed dormancy in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:2. [PMID: 30671680 PMCID: PMC6342742 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed dormancy directly affects the phenotype of pre-harvest sprouting, and ultimately affects the quality and yield of rice seeds. Although many genes controlling seed dormancy have been cloned from cereals, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process are complex, and much remains unknown. The MAPK cascade is involved in many signal transduction pathways. Recently, MKK3 has been reported to be involved in the regulation of seed dormancy, but its mechanism of action is unclear. RESULTS We found that MKKK62-overexpressing rice lines (OE) lost seed dormancy. Further analyses showed that the abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of OE lines was decreased. In yeast two-hybrid experiments, MKKK62 interacted with MKK3, and MKK3 interacted with MAPK7 and MAPK14. Knock-out experiments confirmed that MKK3, MAPK7, and MAPK14 were involved in the regulation of seed dormancy. The OE lines showed decreased transcript levels of OsMFT, a homolog of a gene that controls seed dormancy in wheat. The up-regulation of OsMFT in MKK3-knockout lines (OE/mkk3) and MAPK7/14-knockout lines (OE/mapk7/mapk14) indicated that the MKKK62-MKK3-MAPK7/MAPK14 system controlled seed dormancy by regulating the transcription of OsMFT. CONCLUSION Our results showed that MKKK62 negatively controls seed dormancy in rice, and that during the germination stage and the late stage of seed maturation, ABA sensitivity and OsMFT transcription are negatively controlled by MKKK62. Our results have clarified the entire MAPK cascade controlling seed dormancy in rice. Together, these results indicate that protein modification by phosphorylation plays a key role in controlling seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, SCAU, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Wuge Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shijuan Yan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Hua Fu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Jingfang Dong
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Tifeng Yang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Wu Yang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rice Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, 510640 China
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Jian H, Zhang A, Ma J, Wang T, Yang B, Shuang LS, Liu M, Li J, Xu X, Paterson AH, Liu L. Joint QTL mapping and transcriptome sequencing analysis reveal candidate flowering time genes in Brassica napus L. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:21. [PMID: 30626329 PMCID: PMC6325782 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optimum flowering time is a key agronomic trait in Brassica napus. To investigate the genetic architecture and genetic regulation of flowering time in this important crop, we conducted quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of flowering time in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, including lines with extreme differences in flowering time, in six environments, along with RNA-Seq analysis. Results We detected 27 QTLs distributed on eight chromosomes among six environments, including one major QTL on chromosome C02 that explained 11–25% of the phenotypic variation and was stably detected in all six environments. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 105 flowering time-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that play roles in the circadian clock/photoperiod, autonomous pathway, and hormone and vernalization pathways. We focused on DEGs related to the regulation of flowering time, especially DEGs in QTL regions. Conclusions We identified 45 flowering time-related genes in these QTL regions, eight of which are DEGs, including key flowering time genes PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 (PRR7) and FY (located in a major QTL region on C02). These findings provide insights into the genetic architecture of flowering time in B. napus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5356-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Jian
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Aoxiang Zhang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinqi Ma
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tengyue Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lan Shuan Shuang
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Jiana Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Andrew H Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.
| | - Liezhao Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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11
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Szakonyi D, Duque P. Alternative Splicing as a Regulator of Early Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1174. [PMID: 30158945 PMCID: PMC6104592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most plant genes are interrupted by introns and the corresponding transcripts need to undergo pre-mRNA splicing to remove these intervening sequences. Alternative splicing (AS) is an important posttranscriptional process that creates multiple mRNA variants from a single pre-mRNA molecule, thereby enhancing the coding and regulatory potential of genomes. In plants, this mechanism has been implicated in the response to environmental cues, including abiotic and biotic stresses, in the regulation of key developmental processes such as flowering, and in circadian timekeeping. The early plant development steps - from embryo formation and seed germination to skoto- and photomorphogenesis - are critical to both execute the correct body plan and initiate a new reproductive cycle. We review here the available evidence for the involvement of AS and various splicing factors in the initial stages of plant development, while highlighting recent findings as well as potential future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Duque
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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12
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Williams CM, Ragland GJ, Betini G, Buckley LB, Cheviron ZA, Donohue K, Hereford J, Humphries MM, Lisovski S, Marshall KE, Schmidt PS, Sheldon KS, Varpe Ø, Visser ME. Understanding Evolutionary Impacts of Seasonality: An Introduction to the Symposium. Integr Comp Biol 2018; 57:921-933. [PMID: 29045649 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonality is a critically important aspect of environmental variability, and strongly shapes all aspects of life for organisms living in highly seasonal environments. Seasonality has played a key role in generating biodiversity, and has driven the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations and behaviors such as migration and hibernation. Fluctuating selection pressures on survival and fecundity between summer and winter provide a complex selective landscape, which can be met by a combination of three outcomes of adaptive evolution: genetic polymorphism, phenotypic plasticity, and bet-hedging. Here, we have identified four important research questions with the goal of advancing our understanding of evolutionary impacts of seasonality. First, we ask how characteristics of environments and species will determine which adaptive response occurs. Relevant characteristics include costs and limits of plasticity, predictability, and reliability of cues, and grain of environmental variation relative to generation time. A second important question is how phenological shifts will amplify or ameliorate selection on physiological hardiness. Shifts in phenology can preserve the thermal niche despite shifts in climate, but may fail to completely conserve the niche or may even expose life stages to conditions that cause mortality. Considering distinct environmental sensitivities of life history stages will be key to refining models that forecast susceptibility to climate change. Third, we must identify critical physiological phenotypes that underlie seasonal adaptation and work toward understanding the genetic architectures of these responses. These architectures are key for predicting evolutionary responses. Pleiotropic genes that regulate multiple responses to changing seasons may facilitate coordination among functionally related traits, or conversely may constrain the expression of optimal phenotypes. Finally, we must advance our understanding of how changes in seasonal fluctuations are impacting ecological interaction networks. We should move beyond simple dyadic interactions, such as predator prey dynamics, and understand how these interactions scale up to affect ecological interaction networks. As global climate change alters many aspects of seasonal variability, including extreme events and changes in mean conditions, organisms must respond appropriately or go extinct. The outcome of adaptation to seasonality will determine responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Gregory J Ragland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Gustavo Betini
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary A Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | | - Joe Hereford
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Murray M Humphries
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simeon Lisovski
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul S Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly S Sheldon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Øystein Varpe
- Department of Arctic Biology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway.,Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marcel E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Auge GA, Blair LK, Karediya A, Donohue K. The autonomous flowering-time pathway pleiotropically regulates seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:183-191. [PMID: 29280995 PMCID: PMC5786223 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Two critical developmental transitions in plants are seed germination and flowering, and the timing of these transitions has strong fitness consequences. How genetically independent the regulation of these transitions is can influence the expression of life cycles. Method This study tested whether genes in the autonomous flowering-time pathway pleiotropically regulate flowering time and seed germination in the genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana, and tested whether the interactions among those genes are concordant between flowering and germination stages. Key Results Several autonomous-pathway genes promote flowering and impede germination. Moreover, the interactions among those genes were highly concordant between the regulation of flowering and germination. Conclusions Despite some degree of functional divergence between the regulation of flowering and germination by autonomous-pathway genes, the autonomous pathway is highly functionally conserved across life stages. Therefore, genes in the autonomous flowering-time pathway are likely to contribute to genetic correlations between flowering and seed germination, possibly contributing to the winter-annual life history.
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14
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Luxmi R, Garg R, Srivastava S, Sane AP. Expression of the SIN3 homologue from banana, MaSIN3, suppresses ABA responses globally during plant growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:69-82. [PMID: 28969804 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The SIN3 family of co-repressors is a family of highly conserved eukaryotic repressor proteins that regulates diverse functions in yeasts and animals but remains largely uncharacterized functionally even in plants like Arabidopsis. The sole SIN3 homologue in banana, MaSIN3, was identified as a 1408 amino acids, nuclear localized protein conserved to other SIN3s in the PAH, HID and HCR domains. Interestingly, MaSIN3 over-expression in Arabidopsis mimics a state of reduced ABA responses throughout plant development affecting growth processes such as germination, root growth, stomatal closure and water loss, flowering and senescence. The reduction in ABA responses is not due to reduced ABA levels but due to suppression of expression of several transcription factors mediating ABA responses. Transcript levels of negative regulators of germination (ABI3, ABI5, PIL5, RGL2 and RGL3) are reduced post-imbibition while those responsible for GA biosynthesis are up-regulated in transgenic MaSIN3 over-expressers. ABA-associated transcription factors are also down-regulated in response to ABA treatment. The HDAC inhibitors, SAHA and sodium butyrate, in combination with ABA differentially suppress germination in control and transgenic lines suggesting the recruitment by MaSIN3 of HDACs involved in suppression of ABA responses in different processes. The studies provide an insight into the ability of MaSIN3 to specifically affect a subset of developmental processes governed largely by ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Luxmi
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Rashmi Garg
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow 226001, India; French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Aniruddha P Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Lab, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India.
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15
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Yan A, Chen Z. The pivotal role of abscisic acid signaling during transition from seed maturation to germination. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:689-703. [PMID: 27882409 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed maturation and germination are two continuous developmental processes that link two distinct generations in spermatophytes; the precise genetic control of these two processes is, therefore, crucially important for the survival of the next generation. Pieces of experimental evidence accumulated so far indicate that a concerted action of endogenous signals and environmental cues is required to govern these processes. Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested to play a predominant role in directing seed maturation and maintaining seed dormancy under unfavorable environmental conditions until antagonized by gibberellins (GA) and certain environmental cues to allow the commencement of seed germination when environmental conditions are favorable; therefore, the balance of ABA and GA is a major determinant of the timing of seed germination. Due to the advent of new technologies and system biology approaches, molecular studies are beginning to draw a picture of the sophisticated genetic network that drives seed maturation during the past decade, though the picture is still incomplete and many details are missing. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ABA signaling pathway in the regulation of seed maturation as well as the transition from seed maturation to germination, and highlight the importance of system biology approaches in the study of seed maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
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16
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Tang Q, Guittard-Crilat E, Maldiney R, Habricot Y, Miginiac E, Bouly JP, Lebreton S. The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase PHS1 regulates flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2016; 243:909-23. [PMID: 26721646 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis PHS1, initially known as an actor of cytoskeleton organization, is a positive regulator of flowering in the photoperiodic and autonomous pathways by modulating both CO and FLC mRNA levels. Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is a major type of post-translational modification, controlling many biological processes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, five genes encoding MAPK phosphatases (MKP)-like proteins have been identified. Among them, PROPYZAMIDE HYPERSENSITIVE 1 (PHS1) encoding a dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase (DsPTP) has been shown to be involved in microtubule organization, germination and ABA-regulated stomatal opening. Here, we demonstrate that PHS1 also regulates flowering under long-day and short-day conditions. Using physiological, genetic and molecular approaches, we have shown that the late flowering phenotype of the knock-out phs1-5 mutant is linked to a higher expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In contrast, a decline of both CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression is observed in the knock-out phs1-5 mutant, especially at the end of the light period under long-day conditions when the induction of flowering occurs. We show that this partial loss of sensitivity to photoperiodic induction is independent of FLC. Our results thus indicate that PHS1 plays a dual role in flowering, in the photoperiodic and autonomous pathways, by modulating both CO and FLC mRNA levels. Our work reveals a novel actor in the complex network of the flowering regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- Adaptation des Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, URF5, 75005, Paris, France
- Plant Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Horticultural Science, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Emilie Guittard-Crilat
- Adaptation des Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, URF5, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Régis Maldiney
- Adaptation des Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, URF5, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yvette Habricot
- Biologie du Développement, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7622, 75005, Paris, France
- Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR 7622, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Emile Miginiac
- Adaptation des Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, URF5, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Computational and Quantitative Biology, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7238, 75005, Paris, France.
- Computational and Quantitative Biology, CNRS-UPMC UMR 7238, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Sandrine Lebreton
- Adaptation des Plantes aux Contraintes Environnementales, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, URF5, 75005, Paris, France
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17
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Cyrek M, Fedak H, Ciesielski A, Guo Y, Sliwa A, Brzezniak L, Krzyczmonik K, Pietras Z, Kaczanowski S, Liu F, Swiezewski S. Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis Is Controlled by Alternative Polyadenylation of DOG1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:947-55. [PMID: 26620523 PMCID: PMC4734566 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DOG1 (Delay of Germination 1) is a key regulator of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and other plants. Interestingly, the C terminus of DOG1 is either absent or not conserved in many plant species. Here, we show that in Arabidopsis, DOG1 transcript is subject to alternative polyadenylation. In line with this, mutants in RNA 3' processing complex display weakened seed dormancy in parallel with defects in DOG1 proximal polyadenylation site selection, suggesting that the short DOG1 transcript is functional. This is corroborated by the finding that the proximally polyadenylated short DOG1 mRNA is translated in vivo and complements the dog1 mutant. In summary, our findings indicate that the short DOG1 protein isoform produced from the proximally polyadenylated DOG1 mRNA is a key player in the establishment of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis and characterizes a set of mutants in RNA 3' processing complex required for production of proximally polyadenylated functional DOG1 transcript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Cyrek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Halina Fedak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Arkadiusz Ciesielski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Aleksandra Sliwa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Lien Brzezniak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Krzyczmonik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Zbigniew Pietras
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Szymon Kaczanowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Fuquan Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
| | - Szymon Swiezewski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Protein Biosynthesis, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland (M.C., H.F., A.C., Y.G., A.S., L.B., K.K., Z.P., S.K., S.S.); Warsaw University, Department of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland (A.C.); andQueen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland (F.L.)
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Chen S, Lei Y, Xu X, Huang J, Jiang H, Wang J, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Song Y, Liao B, Li Y. The Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Gene AhLPAT2 Increases the Lipid Content of Transgenic Arabidopsis Seeds. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136170. [PMID: 26302041 PMCID: PMC4547709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT), which converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to phosphatidic acid (PA), catalyzes the addition of fatty acyl moieties to the sn-2 position of the LPA glycerol backbone in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. We recently reported the cloning and temporal-spatial expression of a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) AhLPAT2gene, showing that an increase in AhLPAT2 transcript levels was closely correlated with an increase in seed oil levels. However, the function of the enzyme encoded by the AhLPAT2 gene remains unclear. Here, we report that AhLPAT2 transcript levels were consistently higher in the seeds of a high-oil cultivar than in those of a low-oil cultivar across different seed developmental stages. Seed-specific overexpression of AhLPAT2 in Arabidopsis results in a higher percentage of oil in the seeds and greater-than-average seed weight in the transgenic plants compared with the wild-type plants, leading to a significant increase in total oil yield per plant. The total fatty acid (FA) content and the proportion of unsaturated FAs also increased. In the developing siliques of AhLPAT2-overexpressing plants, the expression levels of genes encoding crucial enzymes involved in de novo FA synthesis, acetyl-CoA subunit (AtBCCP2) and acyl carrier protein 1 (AtACP1) were elevated. AhLPAT2 overexpression also promoted the expression of several key genes related to TAG assembly, sucrose metabolism, and glycolysis. These results demonstrate that the expression of AhLPAT2 plays an important role in glycerolipid production in peanuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silong Chen
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and the Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Xu
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and the Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and the Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengshu Cheng
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yahui Song
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Boshou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and the Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the ChineseAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (BSL); (YRL)
| | - Yurong Li
- Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Cereal and Oil Crop Institute, HebeiAcademy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail: (BSL); (YRL)
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19
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Lee K, Lee HG, Yoon S, Kim HU, Seo PJ. The Arabidopsis MYB96 Transcription Factor Is a Positive Regulator of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE4 in the Control of Seed Germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:677-89. [PMID: 25869652 PMCID: PMC4453784 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a key developmental transition that initiates the plant life cycle. The timing of germination is determined by the coordinated action of two phytohormones, gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA). In particular, ABA plays a key role in integrating environmental information and inhibiting the germination process. The utilization of embryonic lipid reserves contributes to seed germination by acting as an energy source, and ABA suppresses lipid degradation to modulate the germination process. Here, we report that the ABA-responsive R2R3-type MYB transcription factor MYB96, which is highly expressed in embryo, regulates seed germination by controlling the expression of abscisic acid-insensitive4 (ABI4) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In the presence of ABA, germination was accelerated in MYB96-deficient myb96-1 seeds, whereas the process was significantly delayed in MYB96-overexpressing activation-tagging myb96-ox seeds. Consistently, myb96-1 seeds degraded a larger extent of lipid reserves even in the presence of ABA, while reduced lipid mobilization was observed in myb96-ox seeds. MYB96 directly regulates ABI4, which acts as a repressor of lipid breakdown, to define its spatial and temporal expression. Genetic analysis further demonstrated that ABI4 is epistatic to MYB96 in the control of seed germination. Taken together, the MYB96-ABI4 module regulates lipid mobilization specifically in the embryo to ensure proper seed germination under suboptimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghee Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials (K.L., H.G.L., P.J.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (P.J.S.), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; andDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.Y., H.U.K.)
| | - Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials (K.L., H.G.L., P.J.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (P.J.S.), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; andDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.Y., H.U.K.)
| | - Seongmun Yoon
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials (K.L., H.G.L., P.J.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (P.J.S.), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; andDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.Y., H.U.K.)
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials (K.L., H.G.L., P.J.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (P.J.S.), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; andDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.Y., H.U.K.)
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials (K.L., H.G.L., P.J.S.) and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (P.J.S.), Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; andDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 560-500, Republic of Korea (S.Y., H.U.K.)
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Yang Y, Dong C, Yang S, Li X, Sun X, Yang Y. Physiological and proteomic adaptation of the alpine grass Stipa purpurea to a drought gradient. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117475. [PMID: 25646623 PMCID: PMC4315458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Stipa purpurea, an endemic forage species on the Tibetan Plateau, is highly resistant to cold and drought, but the mechanisms underlying its responses to drought stress remain elusive. An understanding of such mechanisms may be useful for developing cultivars that are adaptable to water deficit. In this study, we analyzed the physiological and proteomic responses of S. purpurea under increasing drought stress. Seedlings of S. purpurea were subjected to a drought gradient in a controlled experiment, and proteins showing changes in abundance under these conditions were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis. A western blotting analysis was conducted to confirm the increased abundance of a heat-shock protein, NCED2, and a dehydrin in S. purpurea seedlings under drought conditions. We detected carbonylated proteins to identify oxidation-sensitive proteins in S. purpurea seedlings, and found that ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) was one of the oxidation-sensitive proteins under drought. Together, these results indicated drought stress might inhibit photosynthesis in S. purpurea by oxidizing RuBisCO, but the plants were able to maintain photosynthetic efficiency by a compensatory upregulation of unoxidized RuBisCO and other photosynthesis-related proteins. Further analyses confirmed that increased abundance of antioxidant enzymes could balance the redox status of the plants to mitigate drought-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yongping Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research at Kunming, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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21
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Lee S, Lee HJ, Jung JH, Park CM. The Arabidopsis thaliana RNA-binding protein FCA regulates thermotolerance by modulating the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:555-69. [PMID: 25266977 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress affects various aspects of plant growth and development by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause oxidative damage to cellular components. However, the mechanisms by which plants cope with ROS accumulation during their thermotolerance response remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding protein FCA, a key component of flowering pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, is required for the acquisition of thermotolerance. Transgenic plants overexpressing the FCA gene (35S:FCA) were resistant to heat stress; the FCA-defective fca-9 mutant was sensitive to heat stress, consistent with induction of the FCA gene by heat. Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity was higher in the 35S:FCA transgenic plants but lower in the fca-9 mutant compared with wild-type controls. FCA interacts with the ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes encoding antioxidants, including 1-CYSTEINE PEROXIREDOXIN 1 (PER1). We found that FCA is needed for proper expression of the PER1 gene by ABI5. Our observations indicate that FCA plays a role in the induction of thermotolerance by triggering antioxidant accumulation under heat stress conditions, thus providing a novel role for FCA in heat stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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22
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Yang Y, Li X, Kong X, Ma L, Hu X, Yang Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals diversified adaptation of Stipa purpurea along a drought gradient on the Tibetan Plateau. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 15:295-307. [PMID: 25471470 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection drives species adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses. Species distributed along a moisture gradient, such as Stipa purpurea, a dominant grass in alpine arid and semi-arid meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, provide an opportunity to evaluate the effects of long-term adaptation to differing degrees of drought stress on gene expression. However, the genetic basis of this divergence remains largely unknown. Next-generation sequencing technologies have provided important genome-wide insights on the evolution of organisms for which genomic information is lacking. To understand how S. purpurea responds to drought stress, we selected five populations distributed along the degressive rainfall line on the northwestern Tibetan Plateau that currently present evolutionary acclimation to localized drought pressure at the physiological and biochemical levels and compared their transcriptome responses. In addition, we performed de novo assembly of the S. purpurea transcriptome using short read sequencing technology and successfully assembled 84,298 unigenes from approximately 51 million sequencing reads. We quantified gene expression level to compare their transcriptome responses using mRNA-Seq and identified differentially expressed transcripts that are involved in primary and secondary plant metabolism, plant hormone synthesis, defense responses, and cell wall synthesis. Furthermore, physiological and biochemical evidence supports that abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation and cell wall strengthening derived from the differential transcripts contribute to the tolerance of S. purpurea to drought stress. The mechanisms by which S. purpurea adapts to drought stress provide new insight into how plants ecologically adapt and evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650204, China
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23
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del Pozo JC, Ramirez-Parra E. Deciphering the molecular bases for drought tolerance in Arabidopsis autotetraploids. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2722-37. [PMID: 24716850 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Whole genome duplication (autopolyploidy) is common in many plant species and often leads to better adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. However, little is known about the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations. Drought is one of the major environmental conditions limiting plant growth and development. Here, we report that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, tetraploidy promotes alterations in cell proliferation and organ size in a tissue-dependent manner. Furthermore, it potentiates plant tolerance to salt and drought stresses and decreases transpiration rate, likely through controlling stomata density and closure, abscisic acid (ABA) signalling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that tetraploidy mainly regulates the expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and ABA and stress response. Taken together, our data have shed light on the molecular basis associated with stress tolerance in autopolyploid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
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Hu Q, Jin Y, Shi H, Yang W. GmFLD, a soybean homolog of the autonomous pathway gene FLOWERING LOCUS D, promotes flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:263. [PMID: 25287450 PMCID: PMC4190295 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering at an appropriate time is crucial for seed maturity and reproductive success in all flowering plants. Soybean (Glycine max) is a typical short day plant, and both photoperiod and autonomous pathway genes exist in soybean genome. However, little is known about the functions of soybean autonomous pathway genes. In this article, we examined the functions of a soybean homolog of the autonomous pathway gene FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD), GmFLD in the flowering transition of A. thaliana. RESULTS In soybean, GmFLD is highly expressed in expanded cotyledons of seedlings, roots, and young pods. However, the expression levels are low in leaves and shoot apexes. Expression of GmFLD in A. thaliana (Col) resulted in early flowering of the transgenic plants, and rescued the late flowering phenotype of the A. thaliana fld mutant. In GmFLD transgenic plants (Col or fld background), the FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) transcript levels decreased whereas the floral integrators, FT and SOC1, were up-regulated when compared with the corresponding non-transgenic genotypes. Furthermore, chromatin immuno-precipitation analysis showed that in the transgenic rescued lines (fld background), the levels of both tri-methylation of histone H3 Lys-4 and acetylation of H4 decreased significantly around the transcriptional start site of FLC. This is consistent with the function of GmFLD as a histone demethylase. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GmFLD is a functional ortholog of the Arabidopsis FLD and may play an important role in the regulation of chromatin state in soybean. The present data provides the first evidence for the evolutionary conservation of the components in the autonomous pathway in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Jin
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huazhong Shi
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
- />Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA
| | - Wannian Yang
- />Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079 People’s Republic of China
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Carrillo-Barral N, Matilla AJ, Rodríguez-Gacio MDC, Iglesias-Fernández R. Nitrate affects sensu-stricto germination of after-ripened Sisymbrium officinale seeds by modifying expression of SoNCED5, SoCYP707A2 and SoGA3ox2 genes. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 217-218:99-108. [PMID: 24467901 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nitrate upon the germination of Sisymbrium officinale seeds is not entirely controlled by after-ripening (AR), a process clearly influenced by nitrate. Recently, we have reported that nitrate affects sensu-stricto germination of non-AR (AR0) seeds by modifying the expression of crucial genes involved in the metabolism of GA and ABA. In this study, we demonstrate that nitrate affects also the germination of AR seeds because: (i) the AR negatively alters the ABA sensitivity being the seed more ABA-sensible as the AR is farthest from optimal (AR0 and AR20 versus AR7); in the presence of diniconazole (DZ), a competitive inhibitor of ABA 8'-hydroxylase, testa rupture is affected while the endosperm rupture is not. (ii) AR7 seed-coat rupture is not inhibited by paclobutrazol (PBZ) suggesting that nitrate can act by a mechanism GA-independent. (iii) The germination process is accelerated by nitrate, most probably by the increase in the expression of SoNCED5, SoCYP707A2 and SoGA3ox2 genes. Taken together, these and previous results demonstrate that nitrate promotes germination of AR and non-AR seeds through transcriptional changes of different genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Carrillo-Barral
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel J Matilla
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María del Carmen Rodríguez-Gacio
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), ETSI Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Li Q, Zhao P, Li J, Zhang C, Wang L, Ren Z. Genome-wide analysis of the WD-repeat protein family in cucumber and Arabidopsis. Mol Genet Genomics 2013; 289:103-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-013-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Donohue K. WHY ONTOGENY MATTERS DURING ADAPTATION: DEVELOPMENTAL NICHE CONSTRUCTION AND PLEIOTORPY ACROSS THE LIFE CYCLE INARABIDOPSIS THALIANA. Evolution 2013; 68:32-47. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Biology; Duke University; Box 90338 Durham NC 27708
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the "classical" plant hormones, i.e. discovered at least 50 years ago, that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. This chapter reviews our current understanding of ABA synthesis, metabolism, transport, and signal transduction, emphasizing knowledge gained from studies of Arabidopsis. A combination of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies has identified nearly all of the enzymes involved in ABA metabolism, almost 200 loci regulating ABA response, and thousands of genes regulated by ABA in various contexts. Some of these regulators are implicated in cross-talk with other developmental, environmental or hormonal signals. Specific details of the ABA signaling mechanisms vary among tissues or developmental stages; these are discussed in the context of ABA effects on seed maturation, germination, seedling growth, vegetative stress responses, stomatal regulation, pathogen response, flowering, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Address
- correspondence to e-mail:
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Yang M, Zhang B, Jia J, Yan C, Habaike A, Han Y. RRP41L, a putative core subunit of the exosome, plays an important role in seed germination and early seedling growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:165-78. [PMID: 23132787 PMCID: PMC3532249 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the 3'-5'-exonucleolytic decay and processing of RNAs are essential for RNA metabolism. However, the understanding of the mechanism of 3'-5'-exonucleolytic decay in plants is very limited. Here, we report the characterization of an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transfer DNA insertional mutant that shows severe growth defects in early seedling growth, including delayed germination and cotyledon expansion, thinner yellow/pale-green leaves, and a slower growth rate. High-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the insertional locus was in the sixth exon of AT4G27490, encoding a predicted 3'-5'-exonuclease, that contained a conserved RNase phosphorolytic domain with high similarity to RRP41, designated RRP41L. Interestingly, we detected highly accumulated messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that encode seed storage protein and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling pathway-related protein during the early growth stage in rrp41l mutants. The mRNA decay kinetics analysis for seed storage proteins, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases, and ABA INSENSITIVEs revealed that RRP41L catalyzed the decay of these mRNAs in the cytoplasm. Consistent with these results, the rrp41l mutant was more sensitive to ABA in germination and root growth than wild-type plants, whereas overexpression lines of RRP41L were more resistant to ABA in germination and root growth than wild-type plants. RRP41L was localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, and RRP41L was preferentially expressed in seedlings. Altogether, our results showed that RRP41L plays an important role in seed germination and early seedling growth by mediating specific cytoplasmic mRNA decay in Arabidopsis.
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Wang Y, Li L, Ye T, Lu Y, Chen X, Wu Y. The inhibitory effect of ABA on floral transition is mediated by ABI5 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:675-84. [PMID: 23307919 PMCID: PMC3542054 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and flowering initiation are both transitions responding to similar seasonal cues. This study shows that ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE MUTANT 5 (ABI5), a bZIP transcription factor, which plays an important role in the abscisic acid (ABA)-arrested seed germination, is robustly associated with the floral transition in Arabidopsis. Under long-day conditions, overexpression of ABI5 could delay floral transition through upregulating FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression. In contrast, ectopically overexpressing FLC in an abi5 mutant reversed the earlier flowering phenotype. Further analysis indicated that transactivation of FLC could be promoted by ABI5 and/or other abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE)-binding factors (ABFs). The expression of FLC that was promoted by ABI5 and/or other ABFs could be blocked in a triple SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) mutant, snrk2.2/2.3/2.6, despite the presence of ABA. In sharp contrast, when SnRK2.6 was coexpressed, the reduction of transactivity of FLC was reverted in mesophyll protoplasts of snrk2.2/2.3/2.6. Additional results from analysing transgenic plants carrying mutations of phosphoamino acids (ABI5 ( S42AS145AT201A )), which are conserved in ABI5, suggested that SnRK2-mediated ABI5 and/or ABF phosphorylation may be crucial for promoting FLC expression. The transgenic plants ABI5 ( S42AS145AT201A ) were insensitive to ABA in seed germination, in addition to having an earlier flowering phenotype. Direct binding of ABI5 to the ABRE/G-box promoter elements existing in FLC was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mutations at the ABRE/G-box regions in FLC promoter sequences abolished the ABI5-promoted transactivation of FLC. In summary, these results may decipher the inhibitory effect of ABA on floral transition in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Wu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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