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Bhukya N, Hazarika S, Rangappa K, Thakuria D, Narzari R, Debnath S. Comparative stress physiological analysis of aluminium stress tolerance of indigenous maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivars of eastern Himalaya. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31570. [PMID: 38828317 PMCID: PMC11140720 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Yield potential of maize having distinct genetic diversity in Eastern Himalayan Region (EHR) hill ecologies is often limited by Al toxicity caused due to soil acidity. Stress physiological analysis of local check exposed to 0-300 μM Al under sand culture revealed that 150 μM Al as critical and 200 μM Al as tolerable limit. Increase in Al from 0 to 300 μM reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoids by 74.8 % and 44.7 % respectively and enhanced anthocyanin by 35.3 % whereas LA, SLW and SL have reduced by 81.3%, 21.3 % and 47.8 % respectively. R/S ratio was 51.0 and 13.7 % higher at lower Al levels (50 μM and 100 μM) and photosynthetic, transpiration rate and TDM were 62.5 %, 42.9 % and 78.6 % lower at higher Al (300 μM) as compared to control. TRL, RSA, RDW and RV at higher Al (300 μM) were 92.6 %, 98.7 %, 78.7 and 97.5 % lower over control respectively. Root and shoot Al and PUpE at higher Al (300 μM) was 194.0, 69.2 and 830 % higher whereas PUE decreased to 88.5 % over control. Evaluation of 31 indigenous maize cultivars at 0, 150, and 250 μM Al in sand culture, alongside tolerance scoring and assessment, revealed that Megha-9, Megha-10, and MZM-19 exhibits high Al tolerance, Megha-1, MZM-22, and MZM-42 demonstrated moderate tolerance, whereas Uruapara, Sublgarh, and BRL Para were identified as Al-sensitive. Stress physiological parameters like SDW, TDM, TRL, SL and LA contributed 46.02 % of variability to PC1, whereas A, RV, RSA, anthocyanin and Chlorophyll_b, contributed 13.56 % of variability to PC2. Highest values of CMS, SL, LP, LA, TRL and anthocyanin were recorded in cluster I having sensitive cultivars while highest CMS, SL, LA, LP, TRL and RSA were found in cluster II having moderately tolerant cultivars and highest mean values for TRL, RSA, LP, LA, CMS and SL were recorded in cluster III having highly Al stress tolerant cultivars. The traits viz., A, RV, RSA, anthocyanin and Chlorophyll_b, total chlorophyll and TDM were emanated as physio-morphological for assessing Al toxicity stress tolerance in Maize with high divergence values. Tolerant cultivars showing 63.4 % and 22.4 % higher anthocyanin at 150 μM Al and 250 μM Al than moderately tolerant one in acid soil experiment with increased root Al, shoot Al, root P and shoot P by 42.6 %, 11 %, 95.1 % and 34 % respectively were emerged as promising for novel maize improvement under acid soils of EHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Bhukya
- School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Samarendra Hazarika
- Division of System Research and Engineering, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Krishnappa Rangappa
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Dwipendra Thakuria
- School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Rumi Narzari
- Division of System Research and Engineering, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
| | - Supriya Debnath
- Division of Crop Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya-793103, India
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Wu Y, Li J, Yu L, Wang S, Lv Z, Long H, Zhai J, Lin S, Meng Y, Cao Z, Sun H. Overwintering performance of bamboo leaves, and establishment of mathematical model for the distribution and introduction prediction of bamboos. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1255033. [PMID: 37746014 PMCID: PMC10515091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1255033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Bamboo has great economic values and is used extensively in many industries, and their natural distribution range was divided into 12 zones in China according to the temperature of their geographical distribution in previous works. Different bamboo species had significantly different abilities in low-temperature tolerance, which need to be considered carefully during ex-situ introduction. In this paper, we observed and evaluated the low-temperature damage of 19 bamboo species in winter, and measured the physiological changes of bamboo leaves. A total of 3060 leaf samples were obtained from 102 core collections in 34 bamboo species from the 5 regions of Chinese mainland for anatomical comparison, in order to screen out the key anatomical indicators related to their low-temperature tolerance and to establish a mathematical prediction model for bamboo introduction. The results showed that the low-temperature resistance of clustered bamboos was generally lower than that of the scattered bamboos. The decreased temperature led to the constant decrease of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, but the increase of soluble sugar content in all bamboo species. There was no dormancy for all bamboo species in winter. The temperate bamboos showed lower photosynthesis as compared to tropical bamboos in winter. The leaf shape of bamboos was closely related to their distribution. A total of 13 leaf indicators were screened and more suitable to estimate the low-temperature tolerant abilities of bamboos and to predict their distribution. The MNLR (multiple nonlinear regression) mathematical model showed the highest fitting degree and the optimal prediction ability in the potential northernmost introduction range of bamboos. This study lay a foundation for bamboo introduction, and could also reduce the economic losses caused by the wrong introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Wu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Li
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Long
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Bamboo and Rattan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyu Zhai
- Horticulture Team, Beijing Zizhu Park, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Lin
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Meng
- Bamboo Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihua Cao
- Bamboo Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Bamboo Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei, China
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Zhang W, Qi X, Zhi H, Ren Y, Zhang L, Gao Y, Sui Y, Zhang H, Tang S, Jia G, Xie C, Wu C, Diao X. A straight-forward seed production technology system for foxtail millet (Setaria italica). JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2023-2035. [PMID: 37154486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
For autogamous crops, a precondition for using heterosis is to produce sufficient pure male-sterile female parents that can be used to produce hybrid seeds. To date, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and environment-sensitive genic male sterility (EGMS) have been used commercially to exploit heterosis for autogamous species. However, neither CMS nor EGMS has been established for foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Here, we report on the establishment and application of a seed production technology (SPT) system for this crop. First, we established a DsRed-based SPT system, but found that it was unsuitable because it required the use of a fluorescent device for seed sorting. Instead, we constructed an SPT system with de novo betalain biosynthesis as the selection marker. This allowed us to distinguish transgenic seeds with the naked eye, thereby facilitating the identification of SPT maintainer line seeds. In this system, a seed sorter was not required to obtain sufficient seeds. The key point of the strategy is that the seed pool of the SPT maintainer line is propagated by artificial identification and harvesting of male-fertile individuals in the field, and the male-sterile line seed pool for hybrid production is produced and propagated by free pollination of male-sterile plants with the SPT maintainer line. In a field experiment, we obtained 423.96 kg male-sterile line seeds per acre, which is sufficient to plant 700.18 acres of farmland for hybrid seed production or male-sterile line reproduction. Our study therefore describes a powerful tool for hybrid seed production in foxtail millet, and demonstrates how the SPT system can be used for a small-grained crop with high reproduction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiantao Qi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yushuang Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanzhu Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haoshan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sha Tang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guanqing Jia
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanxiao Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chuanyin Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Jezek M, Allan AC, Jones JJ, Geilfus CM. Why do plants blush when they are hungry? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:494-505. [PMID: 36810736 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foliar anthocyanins, as well as other secondary metabolites, accumulate transiently under nutritional stress. A misconception that only nitrogen or phosphorus deficiency induces leaf purpling/reddening has led to overuse of fertilizers that burden the environment. Here, we emphasize that several other nutritional imbalances induce anthocyanin accumulation, and nutrient-specific differences in this response have been reported for some deficiencies. A range of ecophysiological functions have been attributed to anthocyanins. We discuss the proposed functions and signalling pathways that elicit anthocyanin synthesis in nutrient-stressed leaves. Knowledge from the fields of genetics, molecular biology, ecophysiology and plant nutrition is combined to deduce how and why anthocyanins accumulate under nutritional stress. Future research to fully understand the mechanisms and nuances of foliar anthocyanin accumulation in nutrient-stressed crops could be utilized to allow these leaf pigments to act as bioindicators for demand-oriented application of fertilizers. This would benefit the environment, being timely due to the increasing impact of the climate crisis on crop performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey J Jones
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Von-Lade-Straße 1, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
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5
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Albaqami M. The Splicing Factor SR45 Negatively Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation under High-Light Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1386. [PMID: 37374167 DOI: 10.3390/life13061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity light (HL) greatly induces the accumulation of anthocyanin, a fundamental compound in photoprotection and antioxidation. Many mechanisms regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis are well-characterized across developmental and environmental conditions; however, post-transcriptional regulation of its biosynthesis remains unclear. RNA splicing is one mechanism of post-transcriptional control and reprogramming in response to different developmental cues and stress conditions. The Arabidopsis splicing modulator SR45 regulates a number of developmental and environmental stress responses. Here, we investigated the role of SR45 and its isoforms in HL-induced anthocyanin accumulation. We found that the SR45 promoter contains light-responsive cis-elements, and that light stress significantly increases SR45 expression. Furthermore, we found that mutant plants lacking SR45 function (sr45) accumulate significantly more anthocyanin under HL. SR45 is alternatively spliced to produce two proteins, SR45.1 and SR45.2, which differ by seven amino acids. Intriguingly, these isoforms exhibited distinct functions, with only SR45.1 reversing anthocyanin accumulation in the sr45 plants. We also identified possible SR45 target genes that are involved in anthocyanin synthesis. Consistent with the antioxidant role of anthocyanin, we found that sr45 mutants and SR45.2 overexpression lines accumulate anthocyanin and better tolerate paraquat which induces oxidative stress. Collectively, our results reveal that the Arabidopsis splicing regulator SR45 inhibits anthocyanin accumulation under HL, which may negatively affect oxidative stress tolerance. This study illuminates splicing-level regulation of anthocyanin production in response to light stress and offers a possible target for genetic modification to increase plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Tabbert JM, Schulz H, Krähmer A. Facing energy limitations - approaches to increase basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) growth and quality by different increasing light intensities emitted by a broadband LED light spectrum (400-780 nm). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055352. [PMID: 36507442 PMCID: PMC9731226 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Based on the current trend towards broad-bandwidth LED light spectra for basil productions in multi-tiered controlled-environment horticulture, a recently developed white broad-bandwidth LED light spectrum (400-780 nm) including far-red wavelengths with elevated red and blue light fractions was employed to cultivate basil. Four Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars (cv. Anise, cv. Cinnamon, cv. Dark Opal and cv. Thai Magic) were exposed to two different rising light intensity conditions (ILow and IHigh). In dependence of the individual cultivar-specific plant height increase over time, basil cultivars were exposed to light intensities increasing from ~ 100 to ~ 200 µmol m-2 s-1 under ILow, and from 200 to 400 µmol m-2 s-1 under IHigh (due to the exponential light intensity increases with decreasing proximity to the LED light fixtures). Within the first experiment, basils' morphological developments, biomass yields and time to marketability under both light conditions were investigated and the energy consumptions were determined to calculate the basils' light use efficiencies. In detail, cultivar-dependent differences in plant height, leaf and branch pair developments over time are described. In comparison to the ILow light conditions, IHigh resulted in accelerated developments and greater yields of all basil cultivars and expedited their marketability by 3-5 days. However, exposure to light intensities above ~ 300 µmol m-2 s-1 induced light avoidance responses in the green-leafed basil cultivars cv. Anise, cv. Cinnamon and cv. Thai Magic. In contrast, ILow resulted in consumer-preferred visual qualities and greater biomass efficiencies of the green-leafed basil cultivars and are discussed as a result of their ability to adapt well to low light conditions. Contrarily to the green-leafed cultivars, purple-leafed cv. Dark Opal developed insufficiently under ILow, but remained light-tolerant under IHigh, which is related to its high anthocyanin contents. In a second experiment, cultivars' volatile organic compound (VOC) contents and compositions over time were investigated. While VOC contents per gram of leaf dry matter gradually decreased in purple-leafed cv. Dark Opal between seedling stage to marketability, their contents gradually increased in the green cultivars. Regardless of the light treatment applied, cultivar-specific VOC compositions changed tremendously in a developmental stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Manuela Tabbert
- Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Krähmer
- Julius Kühn Institute – Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
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Metabolic Profiles Reveal Changes in the Leaves and Roots of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Seedlings under Nitrogen Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105784. [PMID: 35628591 PMCID: PMC9142919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop species and plays a crucial role in supplying edible oil worldwide. However, rapeseed production in the field is often severely inhibited due to nitrogen (N) deficiency. Metabolites play key roles in plant growth and resistance to environmental stress, but little is known about the differential synthesis and accumulation of metabolites underlying rapeseed adaptation to N deficiency. Here, we studied the phenotypic response and used LC–electrospray ionization (ESI), ESI–MS/MS, and widely untargeted metabolomic approaches to detect differences in rapeseed under normal N (HN) and N-deficient (LN) conditions. The results showed that N deficiency severely inhibited rapeseed shoot growth and promoted rapeseed root architectural changes under LN conditions. In total, 574 metabolites were detected, and there were 175 and 166 differentially accumulated metabolites in the leaves and roots between the HN and LN conditions, respectively. The significantly differentially accumulated metabolites were involved in four primary metabolic pathways, namely, sucrose, phenylalanine, amino acid, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. Notably, we found that plant hormones have distinct accumulation patterns in rapeseed and coordinate to play crucial roles in both maintaining growth and protecting against damage from plant disease under HN and LN conditions. Moreover, our results indicated that flavonoid compounds, especially anthocyanins and rutin, may play important roles in increasing root cell resistance to oxidative damage and soil pathogen infections. Overall, this work provides valuable information for understanding the overall metabolite changes in rapeseed under N deficiency conditions, which may be beneficial for improving and producing new varieties of rapeseed capable of high yields under low N conditions.
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Iwagami T, Ogawa T, Ishikawa T, Maruta T. Activation of ascorbate metabolism by nitrogen starvation and its physiological impacts in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:476-489. [PMID: 35090004 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is crucial for plant acclimation to nutrient-deficient conditions, but its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, the effects of nutrient deficiencies on antioxidant systems in Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. We found that ascorbate content in the plants grown with nitrogen starvation was higher than those with complete nutrition. The higher ascorbate levels were associated with enhanced gene expression of ascorbate biosynthesis enzymes and cytosolic isozymes of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, suggesting that nitrogen starvation facilitated both consumption and biosynthesis of ascorbate. Nevertheless, we did not identify any phenotypic differences between wild type and ascorbate-deficient mutants (vtc2) under nitrogen starvation. Under high-light stress, the vtc2 mutants suffered severer photoinhibition than wild type. Interestingly, when high-light stress and nitrogen starvation were combined, wild type and vtc2 plants exhibited photoinhibition to the same extent. Based on these findings, we discuss the regulation and role of ascorbate metabolism under nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Iwagami
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ogawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan.,Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
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Shen Z, Li W, Li Y, Liu M, Cao H, Provart N, Ding X, Sun M, Tang Z, Yue C, Cao Y, Yuan D, Zhang L. The red flower wintersweet genome provides insights into the evolution of magnoliids and the molecular mechanism for tepal color development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1662-1678. [PMID: 34624152 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is one of the most important ornamental plants. Its color is mainly determined by the middle tepals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the intriguing flower color development among different wintersweet groups are still largely unknown. In addition, wintersweet belongs to magnoliids, and the phylogenetic position of magnoliids remains to be determined conclusively. Here, the whole genome of red flower wintersweet, a new wintersweet type, was sequenced and assembled with high quality. The genome comprised 11 super-scaffolds (chromosomes) with a total size of 737.03 Mb. Based on the analyses of the long branch attraction, incomplete lineage sorting, sparse taxon sampling, and other factors, we suggest that a bifurcating tree may not fully represent the complex early diversification of the angiosperms and that magnoliids are most likely sister to the eudicots. The wintersweet genome appears to have undergone two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events: a recent WGD event representing an independent event specific to the Calycanthaceae and an ancient WGD event shared by Laurales. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, CpANS1 and the transcription factor CpMYB1 were found to play key roles in regulating tepal color development, whereas CpMYB1 needs to form a complex with bHLH and WD40 to fully perform its regulatory function. The present study not only provides novel insights into the evolution of magnoliids and the molecular mechanism for flower color development, but also lays the foundation for subsequent functional genomics study and molecular breeding of wintersweet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
- National Innovation Alliance of Wintersweet, Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Li
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Cao
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Nicholas Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Xin Ding
- National Innovation Alliance of Wintersweet, Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Sun
- National Innovation Alliance of Wintersweet, Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Tang
- National Innovation Alliance of Wintersweet, Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Changping Yue
- Forestry Research Institute of Yanling County, Xuchang, Henan, 461200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Deyi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, People's Republic of China
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10
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Cui Q, Huang J, Wu F, Li DZ, Zheng L, Hu G, Hu S, Zhang L. Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal that critical genes involved in pigment biosynthesis influence leaf color changes in a new sweet osmanthus cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei'. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12265. [PMID: 34707941 PMCID: PMC8504463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osmanthus fragrans (Oleaceae) is one of the most important ornamental plant species in China. Many cultivars with different leaf color phenotypes and good ornamental value have recently been developed. For example, a new cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei', presents a rich variety of leaf colors, which change from red to yellow-green and ultimately to green as leaves develop, making this cultivar valuable for landscaping. However, the biochemical characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color changes of these phenotypes have not been elucidated. It has been hypothesized that the biosynthesis of different pigments in O. fragrans might change during leaf coloration. Here, we analyzed transcriptional changes in genes involved in chlorophyll (Chl), flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways and identified candidate genes responsible for leaf coloration in the new cultivar 'Qiannan Guifei'. METHODS Leaf samples were collected from 'Qiannan Guifei' plants at the red (R), yellow-green (YG) and green (G) leaf stages. We compared the different-colored leaves via leaf pigment concentrations, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptomic data. We further analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the Chl, flavonoid, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. In addition, we used qRT-PCR to validate expression patterns of the DEGs at the three stages. RESULTS We found that, compared with those at the G stage, chloroplasts at the R and YG stages were less abundant and presented abnormal morphologies. Pigment analyses revealed that the leaves had higher flavonoid and anthocyanin levels at the R stage but lower Chl and carotenoid concentrations. Similarly, Chl and carotenoid concentrations were lower at the YG stage than at the G stage. By using transcriptomic sequencing, we further identified 61 DEGs involved in the three pigment metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, seven structural genes (OfCHS, OfCHI, OfF3H, OfDFR, OfANS, OfUGT andOf3AT) involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were expressed at the highest level at the R stage, thereby increasing the biosynthesis of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins. Six putativeOfMYB genes, including three flavonoid-related activators and three repressors, were also highly expressed at the R stage, suggesting that they might coordinately regulate the accumulation of flavonoids, including anthocyanins. Additionally, expressions of the Chl biosynthesis-related genes OfHEMA, OfCHLG and OfCAO and the carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes OfHYB and OfZEP were upregulated from the R stage to the G stage, which increased the accumulation of Chl and carotenoids throughout leaf development. In summary, we screened the candidate genes responsible for the leaf color changes of 'Qiannan Guifei', improved current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf coloration and provided potential targets for future leaf color improvement in O. fragrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhua Huang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dong-ze Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqun Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoqing Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Karimi SM, Freund M, Wager BM, Knoblauch M, Fromm J, M Mueller H, Ache P, Krischke M, Mueller MJ, Müller T, Dittrich M, Geilfus CM, Alfarhan AH, Hedrich R, Deeken R. Under salt stress guard cells rewire ion transport and abscisic acid signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1040-1055. [PMID: 33774818 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is an increasingly global problem which hampers plant growth and crop yield. Plant productivity depends on optimal water-use efficiency and photosynthetic capacity balanced by stomatal conductance. Whether and how stomatal behavior contributes to salt sensitivity or tolerance is currently unknown. This work identifies guard cell-specific signaling networks exerted by a salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant plant under ionic and osmotic stress conditions accompanied by increasing NaCl loads. We challenged soil-grown Arabidopsis thaliana and Thellungiella salsuginea plants with short- and long-term salinity stress and monitored genome-wide gene expression and signals of guard cells that determine their function. Arabidopsis plants suffered from both salt regimes and showed reduced stomatal conductance while Thellungiella displayed no obvious stress symptoms. The salt-dependent gene expression changes of guard cells supported the ability of the halophyte to maintain high potassium to sodium ratios and to attenuate the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway which the glycophyte kept activated despite fading ABA concentrations. Our study shows that salinity stress and even the different tolerances are manifested on a single cell level. Halophytic guard cells are less sensitive than glycophytic guard cells, providing opportunities to manipulate stomatal behavior and improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail M Karimi
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Matthias Freund
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Brittney M Wager
- School of Biological Science, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Science, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Jörg Fromm
- Department of Biology, Institute of Wood Science, University of Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße 91d, Hamburg, 21031, Germany
| | - Heike M Mueller
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Controlled Environment Horticulture, Humboldt University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ahmed H Alfarhan
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Rosalia Deeken
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, Wuerzburg, 97082, Germany
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12
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Géron C, Lembrechts JJ, Nijs I, Monty A. Shielded environments reduce stress in alien Asteraceae species during hot and dry summers along urban-to-rural gradients. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10613-10626. [PMID: 34367601 PMCID: PMC8328448 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban environments often host a greater abundance and diversity of alien plant species than rural areas. This is frequently linked to higher disturbance and propagule pressure, but could also be related to the additional establishment of species from warmer native ranges in cities, facilitated by the latter's higher air temperatures and drier soils. A hitherto unresolved question is how stressful the urban environments become during climate extremes such as heatwaves and droughts. Do such episodes still favor alien plant species, or set them back? We used in situ measured phenotypic leaf and development trait responses of the six most widespread alien Asteraceae species from various native climates along Belgian urban-to-rural gradients, measured during two unusually warm and dry summers. Urbanization was characterized by three factors: the percentage of artificially sealed surfaces (urbanity, measured at three spatial scales from in situ to satellite-based), the vegetation cover and the sky view factor (SVF, fraction of the hemisphere not blocked by buildings or vegetation). Across species, either from colder or warmer native climates, we found a predominant protective effect of shielded environments that block solar radiation (low SVF) along the entire urban-to-rural gradient. Such environments induced lower leaf anthocyanins and flavonols indices, indicating heat stress mitigation. Shielded environments also increased specific leaf area (SLA), a typical shade response. We found that vegetated areas had a secondary importance, increasing the chlorophyll content and decreasing the flavonols index, but these effects were not consistent across species. Finally, urbanity at the organism spatial scale decreased plant height, while broader-scale urbanity had no significant influence. Our results suggest that sealed surfaces constrain alien Asteraceae during unusually warm and dry summers, while shielded environments protect them, possibly canceling out the lack of light. These findings shed new light on alien plant species success along urban-to-rural gradients in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Géron
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
- Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | | | - Ivan Nijs
- Plants and EcosystemsUniversity of AntwerpWilrijkBelgium
| | - Arnaud Monty
- Biodiversity and LandscapeTERRA Research CentreGembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
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13
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Das A, Rangappa K, Basavaraj S, Dey U, Haloi M, Layek J, Idapuganti RG, Lal R, Deshmukh NA, Yadav GS, Babu S, Ngachan S. Conservation tillage and nutrient management practices in summer rice ( Oryza sativa L.) favoured root growth and phenotypic plasticity of succeeding winter pea ( Pisum sativumL.) under eastern Himalayas, India. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07078. [PMID: 34095576 PMCID: PMC8167228 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low soil moisture during dry season, poor soil properties and lack of adequate crop varieties are the major constraints for sustainable intensification of eastern Himalayas in changing climate. Suitable varieties, tillage alteration and integrated nutrient management with emphasis on locally available crop residues/plant biomass may help addressing these issues. The role of minimum tillage (MT) and no-till (NT), and organic matter substitution on conferring of favourable root environment, improvement in morpho-physiology and subsequent productivity of the crops are not objectively studied in Himalayan ecosystems. Thus, a six year field study was conducted for examining the residual effect of tillage and nutrient management (NM) practices applied to summer (rainy) rice (Oryza sativa L) on root growth-attributes and impact on morpho-physiology of succeeding winter pea (Pisums ativum L.) grown uniformly under NT. Higher root surface area, total root length, root volume, root length ratio (RLR) and root tissue densityin pea crop were observed under residual effect of conventional tillage (CT) relative to NT and MT. In addition, significantly higher values of functional root traits viz., root length ratio (RLR), root mass ratio and root finenessin pea were observed under CT and application of 50% NPK and 100% NPK relative to other tillage and NM practices. However, increased root exudation was observed under NT and MTalong with organic residue addition. Noticeable changes in stress responsive morpho-physiological traits like enhanced chlorophyll pigmentation and favourable leaf characteristics were observed in pea crop grown under NT with 50% NPK+weed biomass (WB)/green leaf manure (GLM) applications. Higher leaf area expansion and thickness were recorded with optimum turgidity under NT and MT than that under CT. Comparative increase in green pod and stover yield of pea with enhanced partition efficiency and harvest index were recorded under MT/NT along with 50% NPK+WB/GLM application than that under CT and other NM practices. Thus, adoption of MT/NT along with 50% NPK+WB/GLM in summer rice is recommended for inducing favourable root environment and optimised pea production in succeeding winter season in study region of the Eastern Himalayas, India and other similar agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
| | | | - Savita Basavaraj
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India.,ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Indi 586 209, India.,UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Utpal Dey
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sipahijala, Tripura, India.,Central Agricultural University, Imphal, India
| | - Meghna Haloi
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
| | - Jayanta Layek
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
| | - Ramkrushna Gandhiji Idapuganti
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India.,ICAR- Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rattan Lal
- Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, OSU, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Gulab Singh Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 1100012, India
| | - Subhash Babu
- ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India.,ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 1100012, India
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14
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Zhao W, Liu Y, Li L, Meng H, Yang Y, Dong Z, Wang L, Wu G. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of bHLH Transcription Factors Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Walnut ( Juglans regia L.). Front Genet 2021; 12:632509. [PMID: 33719341 PMCID: PMC7943622 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are transcription factors (TFs) that have been shown to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species. However, the bHLH gene family in walnut (Juglans regia L.) has not yet been reported. In this study, 102 bHLH genes were identified in the walnut genome and were classified into 15 subfamilies according to sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationships. The gene structure, conserved domains, and chromosome location of the genes were analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Gene duplication analyses revealed that 42 JrbHLHs were involved in the expansion of the walnut bHLH gene family. We also characterized cis-regulatory elements of these genes and performed Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of gene functions, and examined protein-protein interactions. Four candidate genes (JrEGL1a, JrEGL1b, JrbHLHA1, and JrbHLHA2) were found to have high homology to genes encoding bHLH TFs involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants. RNA sequencing revealed tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression profiles and distinct expression patterns of JrbHLHs according to phenotype (red vs. green leaves) and developmental stage in red walnut hybrid progeny, which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. All four of the candidate JrbHLH proteins localized to the nucleus, consistent with a TF function. These results provide a basis for the functional characterization of bHLH genes and investigations on the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in red walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haijun Meng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- Shangluo Shengda Industrial Co., Ltd., Luonan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou, China
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15
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He Y, Zhang T, Sun H, Zhan H, Zhao Y. A reporter for noninvasively monitoring gene expression and plant transformation. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:152. [PMID: 33024566 PMCID: PMC7502077 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Reporters have been widely used to visualize gene expression, protein localization, and other cellular activities, but the commonly used reporters require special equipment, expensive chemicals, or invasive treatments. Here, we construct a new reporter RUBY that converts tyrosine to vividly red betalain, which is clearly visible to naked eyes without the need of using special equipment or chemical treatments. We show that RUBY can be used to noninvasively monitor gene expression in plants. Furthermore, we show that RUBY is an effective selection marker for transformation events in both rice and Arabidopsis. The new reporter will be especially useful for monitoring cellular activities in large crop plants such as a fruit tree under field conditions and for observing transformation and gene expression in tissue culture under sterile conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 USA
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society-UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0335 USA
| | - Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Huadong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116 USA
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16
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Ren M, Wang Z, Xue M, Wang X, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang M. Constitutive expression of an A-5 subgroup member in the DREB transcription factor subfamily from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus enhanced abiotic stress tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224296. [PMID: 31644601 PMCID: PMC6808444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of stress-inducible gene expression in plants. Anthocyanins, an important class of flavonoids, protect plants from reactive oxygen species produced under abiotic stresses. However, regulation of DREBs on anthocyanin accumulation is largely unknown. Here, an A-5 subgroup DREB gene (AmDREB3) isolated from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a desert broadleaf shrub with very high tolerance to harsh environments, was characterized in terms of both abiotic stress tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation. AmDREB3 does not contain the transcriptional repression motif EAR, and the protein was located in the nucleus and has transcriptional activation capacity. The transcription of AmDREB3 was differentially induced in the shoots and roots of A. mongolicus seedlings under drought, salt, heat, cold, ultraviolet B, and abscisic acid treatments. Moreover, the transcript levels in twigs, young leaves, and roots were higher than in other organs of A. mongolicus shrubs. Constitutively expressing AmDREB3 improved the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to drought, high salinity and heat, likely by inducing the expression of certain stress-inducible genes. The transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings also exhibited an obvious purple coloration and significant increases in anthocyanin accumulation and/or oxidative stress tolerance under drought, salt, and heat stresses. These results suggest that the AmDREB3 TF may be an important positive regulator of both stress tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Maoyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Das Bhowmik SS, Cheng AY, Long H, Tan GZH, Hoang TML, Karbaschi MR, Williams B, Higgins TJV, Mundree SG. Robust Genetic Transformation System to Obtain Non-chimeric Transgenic Chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 31105725 PMCID: PMC6498970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea transformation is an important component for the genetic improvement of this crop, achieved through modern biotechnological approaches. However, recalcitrant tissue cultures and occasional chimerism, encountered during transformation, hinder the efficient generation of transgenic chickpeas. Two key parameters, namely micro-injury and light emitting diode (LED)-based lighting were used to increase transformation efficiency. Early PCR confirmation of positive in vitro transgenic shoots, together with efficient grafting and an extended acclimatization procedure contributed to the rapid generation of transgenic plants. High intensity LED light facilitate chickpea plants to complete their life cycle within 9 weeks thus enabling up to two generations of stable transgenic chickpea lines within 8 months. The method was validated with several genes from different sources, either as single or multi-gene cassettes. Stable transgenic chickpea lines containing GUS (uidA), stress tolerance (AtBAG4 and TlBAG), as well as Fe-biofortification (OsNAS2 and CaNAS2) genes have successfully been produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alam Yen Cheng
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hao Long
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Zi Hao Tan
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thi My Linh Hoang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Karbaschi
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Joseph V. Higgins
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sagadevan G. Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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18
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Bieker S, Riester L, Doll J, Franzaring J, Fangmeier A, Zentgraf U. Nitrogen Supply Drives Senescence-Related Seed Storage Protein Expression in Rapeseed Leaves. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E72. [PMID: 30678241 PMCID: PMC6410074 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, yield and fruit quality strongly rely on efficient nutrient remobilization during plant development and senescence. Transcriptome changes associated with senescence in spring oilseed rape grown under optimal nitrogen supply or mild nitrogen deficiency revealed differences in senescence and nutrient mobilization in old lower canopy leaves and younger higher canopy leaves [1]. Having a closer look at this transcriptome analyses, we identified the major classes of seed storage proteins (SSP) to be expressed in vegetative tissue, namely leaf and stem tissue. Expression of SSPs was not only dependent on the nitrogen supply but transcripts appeared to correlate with intracellular H₂O₂ contents, which functions as well-known signaling molecule in developmental senescence. The abundance of SSPs in leaf material transiently progressed from the oldest leaves to the youngest. Moreover, stems also exhibited short-term production of SSPs, which hints at an interim storage function. In order to decipher whether hydrogen peroxide also functions as a signaling molecule in nitrogen deficiency-induced senescence, we analyzed hydrogen peroxide contents after complete nitrogen depletion in oilseed rape and Arabidopsis plants. In both cases, hydrogen peroxide contents were lower in nitrogen deficient plants, indicating that at least parts of the developmental senescence program appear to be suppressed under nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bieker
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Riester
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Doll
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Franzaring
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Zentgraf
- Centre of Molecular Biology of Plants, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Das Bhowmik SS, Cheng AY, Long H, Tan GZH, Hoang TML, Karbaschi MR, Williams B, Higgins TJV, Mundree SG. Robust Genetic Transformation System to Obtain Non-chimeric Transgenic Chickpea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:524. [PMID: 31105725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00524/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea transformation is an important component for the genetic improvement of this crop, achieved through modern biotechnological approaches. However, recalcitrant tissue cultures and occasional chimerism, encountered during transformation, hinder the efficient generation of transgenic chickpeas. Two key parameters, namely micro-injury and light emitting diode (LED)-based lighting were used to increase transformation efficiency. Early PCR confirmation of positive in vitro transgenic shoots, together with efficient grafting and an extended acclimatization procedure contributed to the rapid generation of transgenic plants. High intensity LED light facilitate chickpea plants to complete their life cycle within 9 weeks thus enabling up to two generations of stable transgenic chickpea lines within 8 months. The method was validated with several genes from different sources, either as single or multi-gene cassettes. Stable transgenic chickpea lines containing GUS (uidA), stress tolerance (AtBAG4 and TlBAG), as well as Fe-biofortification (OsNAS2 and CaNAS2) genes have successfully been produced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alam Yen Cheng
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hao Long
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Grace Zi Hao Tan
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thi My Linh Hoang
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Karbaschi
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brett Williams
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Joseph V Higgins
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sagadevan G Mundree
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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Ojangu EL, Ilau B, Tanner K, Talts K, Ihoma E, Dolja VV, Paves H, Truve E. Class XI Myosins Contribute to Auxin Response and Senescence-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1570. [PMID: 30538710 PMCID: PMC6277483 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The integrity and dynamics of actin cytoskeleton is necessary not only for plant cell architecture but also for membrane trafficking-mediated processes such as polar auxin transport, senescence, and cell death. In Arabidopsis, the inactivation of actin-based molecular motors, class XI myosins, affects the membrane trafficking and integrity of actin cytoskeleton, and thus causes defective plant growth and morphology, altered lifespan and reduced fertility. To evaluate the potential contribution of class XI myosins to the auxin response, senescence and cell death, we followed the flower and leaf development in the triple gene knockout mutant xi1 xi2 xik (3KO) and in rescued line stably expressing myosin XI-K:YFP (3KOR). Assessing the development of primary inflorescence shoots we found that the 3KO plants produced more axillary branches. Exploiting the auxin-dependent reporters DR5::GUS and IAA2::GUS, a significant reduction in auxin responsiveness was found throughout the development of the 3KO plants. Examination of the flower development of the plants stably expressing the auxin transporter PIN1::PIN1-GFP revealed partial loss of PIN1 polarization in developing 3KO pistils. Surprisingly, the stable expression of PIN1::PIN1-GFP significantly enhanced the semi-sterile phenotype of the 3KO plants. Further we investigated the localization of myosin XI-K:YFP in the 3KOR floral organs and revealed its expression pattern in floral primordia, developing pistils, and anther filaments. Interestingly, the XI-K:YFP and PIN1::PIN1-GFP shared partially overlapping but distinct expression patterns throughout floral development. Assessing the foliar development of the 3KO plants revealed increased rosette leaf production with signs of premature yellowing. Symptoms of the premature senescence correlated with massive loss of chlorophyll, increased cell death, early plasmolysis of epidermal cells, and strong up-regulation of the stress-inducible senescence-associated gene SAG13 in 3KO plants. Simultaneously, the reduced auxin responsiveness and premature leaf senescence were accompanied by significant anthocyanin accumulation in 3KO tissues. Collectively, our results provide genetic evidences that Arabidopsis class XI myosins arrange the flower morphogenesis and leaf longevity via contributing to auxin responses, leaf senescence, and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Ly Ojangu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Birger Ilau
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Krista Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristiina Talts
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Eliis Ihoma
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Valerian V. Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Heiti Paves
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Erkki Truve
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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21
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Li KT, Zhang J, Kang YH, Chen MC, Song TT, Geng H, Tian J, Yao YC. McMYB10 Modulates the Expression of a Ubiquitin Ligase, McCOP1 During Leaf Coloration in Crabapple. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:704. [PMID: 29915606 PMCID: PMC5994411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, anthocyanins are protective secondary metabolites, which contribute to the color of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, and have been found to have an antioxidant role in human health. In this study, we determined the expression of McMYB10 and its specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, McCOP1, in crabapple leaves during the course of a day and in five leaf development stages. Interestingly, the results showed that the transcription level of McCOP1 genes was higher in daylight than at night, and the transcripts of McMYB10 presented a positive correlation with the transcription of McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2 and anthocyanin accumulation in a crabapple cultivar with red-colored leaves. Several MYB transcription factor (TF) binding sites of the MYBCORE type were found in the McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2 promoters, and we deduced that there may be a relationship between McMYB10 and McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2 at the transcriptional level. Yeast one hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that the McMYB10 TF binds specifically to the promoter of McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2. Furthermore, increased levels of McMYB10 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis and the expression level of McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2 in crabapple leaves during continuous light treatments, and overexpression or silencing of McMYB10 in crabapple leaves and apple fruits also result in an increase or decrease, respectively, in the expression of McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2 and in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results reveal a new self-regulation mechanism in where McMYB10 modulates its own expression by activating McCOP1-1 and McCOP1-2 expression to promote ubiquitination of the McMYB10 protein by McCOP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ting Li
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Chen Chen
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Song
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Cong Yao
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application of Beijing, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
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22
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Shi H, Liu G, Wei Y, Chan Z. The zinc-finger transcription factor ZAT6 is essential for hydrogen peroxide induction of anthocyanin synthesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 97:165-176. [PMID: 29675814 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0730-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of flavonoids is activated by various abiotic stresses, and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a general response to abiotic stress in plants. However, the direct link between flavonoids and H2O2 and underlying mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we found that the concentrations of anthocyanin and flavonoids were significantly induced by H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, we found that the transcript level of ZINC FINGER of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 6 (ZAT6) was significantly activated after exogenous H2O2 treatment, and modulation of AtZAT6 expression positively affected the concentrations of both anthocyanin and total flavonoids. Notably, exogenous H2O2-induced anthocyanin synthesis was largely alleviated in AtZAT6 knockdown plants, but showed higher level in AtZAT6 overexpressing plants. AtZAT6 directly activated the expressions of TT5, TT7, TT3, TT18, MYB12, and MYB111 through binding to their promoters with TACAAT elements of these genes, and the activation of MYB12 and MYB111 up-regulated the expressions of TT4 and TT6. Taken together, this study indicates that AtZAT6 plays important role in H2O2-activated anthocyanin synthesis, via directly binding to the promoters of several genes that involved in anthocyanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guoyin Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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23
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Xu Z, Rothstein SJ. ROS-Induced anthocyanin production provides feedback protection by scavenging ROS and maintaining photosynthetic capacity in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1451708. [PMID: 29533127 PMCID: PMC5927679 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1451708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments with antioxidant activities. In plants, multiple factors can trigger the accumulation of anthocyanins, including chemicals and environmental factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are common by-products produced under different biotic and abiotic conditions and cause oxidative stress when accumulated at a high level in plant cells. This in turn leads to the production of anthocyanins. However, the mechanisms of ROS-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the role of anthocyanins in the response of plants to different stresses are largely unknown. We have recently reported the cross-regulation between ROS and anthocyanin production through analyzing ten Arabidopsis mutants covering the main anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic genes grown under different ROS-generating stresses. Here, we describe the general phenotypic response of anthocyanin mutants under normal and ROS-generating stress conditions, showing the changing levels of anthocyanin accumulation and their sensitivity to stresses. In addition, we propose a model that describes a particular gene interaction that highlights how the cross-regulation mechanisms between ROS and anthocyanin production are essential for plant resistance to various stresses through removing excessive ROS and maintaining photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
| | - Steven J. Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
- CONTACT Steven J. Rothstein Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
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24
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Xie Y, Civco DL, Silander JA. Species‐specific spring and autumn leaf phenology captured by time‐lapse digital cameras. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043 Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
- Department of Geography University at Buffalo 105 Wilkeson Quadrangle Buffalo New York 14261 USA
| | - Daniel L. Civco
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut 1376 Storrs Road, Unit 4087 Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - John A. Silander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043 Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
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25
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Li Y, Luo X, Wu C, Cao S, Zhou Y, Jie B, Cao Y, Meng H, Wu G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red and Green Walnut (Juglans regia L.). Molecules 2017; 23:E25. [PMID: 29271948 PMCID: PMC5943948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit color is an important economic trait. The color of red walnut cultivars is mainly attributed to anthocyanins. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in the molecular mechanism of leaf and peel color change between red and green walnut. A reference transcriptome of walnut was sequenced and annotated to identify genes related to fruit color at the ripening stage. More than 290 million high-quality reads were assembled into 39,411 genes using a combined assembly strategy. Using Illumina digital gene expression profiling, we identified 4568 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between red and green walnut leaf and 3038 DEGs between red and green walnut peel at the ripening stage. We also identified some transcription factor families (MYB, bHLH, and WD40) involved in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The trends in the expression levels of several genes encoding anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes and transcription factors in the leaf and peel of red and green walnut were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Together, our results identified the genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in red walnut. These data provide a valuable resource for understanding the coloration of red walnut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhou Li
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Cuiyun Wu
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
| | - Shangyin Cao
- Institute of Fruit Science, China Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
| | - Yifei Zhou
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Bo Jie
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yalong Cao
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Haijun Meng
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Guoliang Wu
- College of Horticultural Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar 843300, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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26
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Xu Z, Mahmood K, Rothstein SJ. ROS Induces Anthocyanin Production Via Late Biosynthetic Genes and Anthocyanin Deficiency Confers the Hypersensitivity to ROS-Generating Stresses in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1364-1377. [PMID: 28586465 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are known to have antioxidant activities. Their accumulation can be triggered by many chemical and environmental factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the mechanism of ROS-induced anthocyanin accumulation and the role of anthocyanins in the response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to different stresses are largely unknown. Here, we study the cross-regulation between ROS and anthocyanin production. Ten Arabidopsis mutants covering the main anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic genes are systematically analyzed under ROS-generating stresses. We find that ROS triggers anthocyanin accumulation by up-regulating the anthocyanin late biosynthetic and the corresponding regulatory genes. The anthocyanin-deficient mutants have more endogenous ROS and are more sensitive to ROS-generating stresses while having decreased antioxidant capacity. Supplementation with cyanidin makes them less susceptible to ROS, with increased anthocyanin and reduced ROS accumulation. In contrast, pap1-D, which overaccumulates anthocyanins, shows the opposite responses. Gene expression analysis reveals that photosynthetic capacity is more impaired in anthocyanin-deficient mutants under high-light stress. Expression levels of ROS-scavenging enzyme genes are not correlated with the radical-scavenging activity in different mutants. We conclude that ROS are an important source signal to induce anthocyanin accumulation by up-regulating late biosynthetic and the corresponding regulatory genes and, as a feed-back regulation, anthocyanins modulate the ROS level and the sensitivity to ROS-generating stresses in maintaining photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kashif Mahmood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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27
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Georgii E, Jin M, Zhao J, Kanawati B, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Albert A, Winkler JB, Schäffner AR. Relationships between drought, heat and air humidity responses revealed by transcriptome-metabolome co-analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:120. [PMID: 28693422 PMCID: PMC5504741 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated temperature and reduced water availability are frequently linked abiotic stresses that may provoke distinct as well as interacting molecular responses. Based on non-targeted metabolomic and transcriptomic measurements from Arabidopsis rosettes, this study aims at a systematic elucidation of relevant components in different drought and heat scenarios as well as relationships between molecular players of stress response. RESULTS In combined drought-heat stress, the majority of single stress responses are maintained. However, interaction effects between drought and heat can be discovered as well; these relate to protein folding, flavonoid biosynthesis and growth inhibition, which are enhanced, reduced or specifically induced in combined stress, respectively. Heat stress experiments with and without supplementation of air humidity for maintenance of vapor pressure deficit suggest that decreased relative air humidity due to elevated temperature is an important component of heat stress, specifically being responsible for hormone-related responses to water deprivation. Remarkably, this "dry air effect" is the primary trigger of the metabolomic response to heat. In contrast, the transcriptomic response has a substantial temperature component exceeding the dry air component and including up-regulation of many transcription factors and protein folding-related genes. Data level integration independent of prior knowledge on pathways and condition labels reveals shared drought and heat responses between transcriptome and metabolome, biomarker candidates and co-regulation between genes and metabolic compounds, suggesting novel players in abiotic stress response pathways. CONCLUSIONS Drought and heat stress interact both at transcript and at metabolite response level. A comprehensive, non-targeted view of this interaction as well as non-interacting processes is important to be taken into account when improving tolerance to abiotic stresses in breeding programs. Transcriptome and metabolome may respond with different extent to individual stress components. Their contrasting behavior in response to temperature stress highlights that the protein folding machinery effectively shields the metabolism from stress. Disentangling the complex relationships between transcriptome and metabolome in response to stress is an enormous challenge. As demonstrated by case studies with supporting evidence from additional data, the large dataset provided in this study may assist in determining linked genetic and metabolic features as candidates for future mechanistic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Georgii
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ming Jin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jin Zhao
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Albert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Barbro Winkler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Ingolstädter Landstr, 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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28
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Roepke J, Gordon HOW, Neil KJA, Gidda S, Mullen RT, Freixas Coutin JA, Bray-Stone D, Bozzo GG. An Apoplastic β-Glucosidase is Essential for the Degradation of Flavonol 3-O-β-Glucoside-7-O-α-Rhamnosides in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1030-1047. [PMID: 28419331 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol bisglycosides accumulate in plant vegetative tissues in response to abiotic stress, including simultaneous environmental perturbations (i.e. nitrogen deficiency and low temperature, NDLT), but disappear with recovery from NDLT. Previously, we determined that a recombinant Arabidopsis β-glucosidase (BGLU), BGLU15, hydrolyzes flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and flavonol 3-O-β-glucosides, forming flavonol 7-O-α-rhamnosides and flavonol aglycones, respectively. In this study, the transient expression of a BGLU15-Cherry fusion protein in onion epidermal cells demonstrated that BGLU15 was localized to the apoplast. Analysis of BGLU15 T-DNA insertional inactivation lines (bglu15-1 and bglu15-2) revealed negligible levels of BGLU15 transcripts, whereas its paralogs BGLU12 and BGLU16 were expressed in wild-type and bglu15 plants. The recombinant BGLU16 did not hydrolyze quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside or rhamnosylated flavonols, but was active with the synthetic substrate, p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside. In addition, shoots of both bglu15 mutants contained negligible flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside hydrolase activity, whereas this activity increased by 223% within 2 d of NDLT recovery in wild-type plants. The levels of flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside were high and relatively unchanged in shoots of bglu15 mutants during recovery from NDLT, whereas rapid losses were apparent in wild-type shoots. Moreover, losses of two flavonol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside were evident during recovery from NDLT, regardless of whether BGLU15 was present. A spike in a kaempferol 7-O-α-rhamnoside occurred with stress recovery, regardless of germplasm, suggesting a contribution from hydrolysis of kaempferol 3-O-β-neohesperidoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and/or kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-α-rhamnoside by hitherto unknown mechanisms. Thus, BGLU15 is essential for catabolism of flavonol 3-O-β-glucoside-7-O-α-rhamnosides and flavonol 3-O-β-glucosides in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Roepke
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- MicroSintesis Inc., Regis and Joan Duffy Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Harley O W Gordon
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin J A Neil
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satinder Gidda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | - Robert T Mullen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | | | - Delaney Bray-Stone
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gale G Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Eloy NB, Voorend W, Lan W, Saleme MDLS, Cesarino I, Vanholme R, Smith RA, Goeminne G, Pallidis A, Morreel K, Nicomedes J, Ralph J, Boerjan W. Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:998-1016. [PMID: 27940492 PMCID: PMC5291018 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls, where it provides mechanical strength. A recent structural characterization of cell walls from monocot species showed that the flavone tricin is part of the native lignin polymer, where it is hypothesized to initiate lignin chains. In this study, we investigated the consequences of altered tricin levels on lignin structure and cell wall recalcitrance by phenolic profiling, nuclear magnetic resonance, and saccharification assays of the naturally silenced maize (Zea mays) C2-Idf (inhibitor diffuse) mutant, defective in the CHALCONE SYNTHASE Colorless2 (C2) gene. We show that the C2-Idf mutant produces highly reduced levels of apigenin- and tricin-related flavonoids, resulting in a strongly reduced incorporation of tricin into the lignin polymer. Moreover, the lignin was enriched in β-β and β-5 units, lending support to the contention that tricin acts to initiate lignin chains and that, in the absence of tricin, more monolignol dimerization reactions occur. In addition, the C2-Idf mutation resulted in strikingly higher Klason lignin levels in the leaves. As a consequence, the leaves of C2-Idf mutants had significantly reduced saccharification efficiencies compared with those of control plants. These findings are instructive for lignin engineering strategies to improve biomass processing and biochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia B Eloy
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wannes Voorend
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wu Lan
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Marina de Lyra Soriano Saleme
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Igor Cesarino
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Andreas Pallidis
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Kris Morreel
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - José Nicomedes
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - John Ralph
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.)
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.)
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.);
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (N.B.E., W.V., M.d.L.S.S., I.C., R.V., G.G., A.P., K.M., J.N., W.B.);
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, Sao Paulo SP 05508-090, Brazil (I.C.);
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726 (W.L., R.A.S., J.R.); and
- Department of Biological System Engineering (W.L., J.R.) and Department of Biochemistry (R.A.S., J.R.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Lee S, Hung R, Yin G, Klich MA, Grimm C, Bennett JW. Arabidopsis thaliana as Bioindicator of Fungal VOCs in Indoor Air. MYCOBIOLOGY 2016; 44:162-170. [PMID: 27790067 PMCID: PMC5078129 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2016.44.3.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the ability of Arabidopsis thaliana to detect different mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the common indoor fungus, Aspergillus versicolor, and demonstrate the potential usage of the plant as a bioindicator to monitor fungal VOCs in indoor air. We evaluated the volatile production of Aspergillus versicolor strains SRRC 108 (NRRL 3449) and SRRC 2559 (ATCC 32662) grown on nutrient rich fungal medium, and grown under conditions to mimic the substrate encountered in the built environment where fungi would typically grow indoors (moist wallboard and ceiling tiles). Using headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed VOC profiles of the two strains. The most abundant compound produced by both strains on all three media was 1-octen-3-ol. Strain SRRC 2559 made several terpenes not detected from strain SRRC 108. Using a split-plate bioassay, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana in a shared atmosphere with VOCs from the two strains of Aspergillus versicolor grown on yeast extract sucrose medium. The VOCs emitted by SRRC 2559 had an adverse impact on seed germination and plant growth. Chemical standards of individual VOCs from the Aspergillus versicolor mixture (2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, limonene, and β-farnesene), and β-caryophyllene were tested one by one in seed germination and vegetative plant growth assays. The most inhibitory compound to both seed germination and plant growth was 1-octen-3-ol. Our data suggest that Arabidopsis is a useful model for monitoring indoor air quality as it is sensitive to naturally emitted fungal volatile mixtures as well as to chemical standards of individual compounds, and it exhibits relatively quick concentration- and duration-dependent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lee
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard Hung
- Department of Biology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Guohua Yin
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Maren A Klich
- Southern Regional Research Laboratory, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Casey Grimm
- Southern Regional Research Laboratory, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Joan W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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De Gernier H, De Pessemier J, Xu J, Cristescu SM, Van Der Straeten D, Verbruggen N, Hermans C. A Comparative Study of Ethylene Emanation upon Nitrogen Deficiency in Natural Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:70. [PMID: 26904047 PMCID: PMC4748056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An original approach to develop sustainable agriculture with less nitrogen fertilizer inputs is to tackle the cross-talk between nitrogen nutrition and plant growth regulators. In particular the gaseous hormone, ethylene, is a prime target for that purpose. The variation of ethylene production in natural accessions of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana was explored in response to the nitrate supply. Ethylene was measured with a laser-based photoacoustic detector. First, experimental conditions were established with Columbia-0 (Col-0) accession, which was grown in vitro on horizontal plates across a range of five nitrate concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mM). The concentrations of 1 and 10 mM nitrate were retained for further characterization. Along with a decrease of total dry biomass and higher biomass allocation to the roots, the ethylene production was 50% more important at 1 mM than at 10 mM nitrate. The total transcript levels of 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID SYNTHASES (ACS) in roots and those of ACC OXIDASES (ACO) in shoots increased by 100% between the same treatments. This was mainly due to higher transcript levels of ACS6 and of ACO2 and ACO4 respectively. The assumption was that during nitrogen deficiency, the greater biomass allocation in favor of the roots was controlled by ethylene being released in the shoots after conversion of ACC originating from the roots. Second, biomass and ethylene productions were measured in 20 additional accessions. Across all accessions, the total dry biomass and ethylene production were correlated negatively at 1 mM but positively at 10 mM nitrate. Furthermore, polymorphism was surveyed in ACC and ethylene biosynthesis genes and gene products among accessions. Very few substitutions modifying the amino acids properties in conserved motifs of the enzymes were found in the accessions. Natural variation of ethylene production could be further explored to improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE), in particular by manipulating features like the biomass production and the timing of senescence upon nitrogen limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues De Gernier
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme De Pessemier
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Simona M. Cristescu
- Trace Gas Research Group, Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud UniversityNijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Unit Hormone Signalling and Bio-Imaging, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Physiology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Hermans
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Interfacultary School of Bioengineers, Université Libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
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Wang J, Wang Y, Yang J, Ma C, Zhang Y, Ge T, Qi Z, Kang Y. Arabidopsis ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 is involved in nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin accumulation. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:708-21. [PMID: 25494721 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is a common phenomenon seen in plants under environmental stress. In this study, we identified a new allele of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) showing an anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype under nitrogen starvation conditions. It is known that ethylene negatively regulates light- and sucrose-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. We hypothesized that RHD3 achieves its negative effect on anthocyanin biosynthesis via an ethylene-regulating pathway. In support of this, similar to rhd3 mutants, the Arabidopsis ethylene signaling mutants etr1, ein2, and ein3/eil1 showed an anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype under nitrogen starvation conditions. The ethylene precursor ACC strongly suppressed anthocyanin accumulation, dependent on ETR1, EIN2, EIN3/EIL1, and, partially, RHD3. In addition, inactivating RHD3 partially reversed the suppressive effect of ETO1 inactivation-evoked endogenous ethylene production on anthocyanin accumulation. The expression of nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was negatively regulated by RHD3, but ethylene response genes were positively regulated by RHD3. Wild-type seedlings overexpressing RHD3 showed similar phenotypes to rhd3 mutants, indicating the existence of a fine-tuned relationship between gene expression and function. RHD3 was initially identified as a gene involved in root hair development. This study uncovered a new physiological function of RHD3 in nitrogen starvation-induced anthocyanin accumulation and ethylene homeostasis. [Correction added on 6 August 2015, after first online publication: "RND3" corrected to "RHD3".].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Ju Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Chunli Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Ting Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
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Koeslin-Findeklee F, Rizi VS, Becker MA, Parra-Londono S, Arif M, Balazadeh S, Mueller-Roeber B, Kunze R, Horst WJ. Transcriptomic analysis of nitrogen starvation- and cultivar-specific leaf senescence in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 233:174-185. [PMID: 25711825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High nitrogen (N) efficiency, characterized by high grain yield under N limitation, is an important agricultural trait in Brassica napus L. cultivars related to delayed senescence of older leaves during reproductive growth (a syndrome called stay-green). The aim of this study was thus to identify genes whose expression is specifically altered during N starvation-induced leaf senescence and that can be used as markers to distinguish cultivars at early stages of senescence prior to chlorophyll loss. To this end, the transcriptomes of leaves of two B. napus cultivars differing in stay-green characteristics and N efficiency were analyzed 4 days after the induction of senescence by either N starvation, leaf shading or detaching. In addition to N metabolism genes, N starvation mostly (and specifically) repressed genes related to photosynthesis, photorespiration and cell-wall structure, while genes related to mitochondrial electron transport and flavonoid biosynthesis were predominately up-regulated. A kinetic study over a period of 12 days with four B. napus cultivars differing in their stay-green characteristics confirmed the cultivar-specific regulation of six genes in agreement with their senescence behavior: the senescence regulator ANAC029, the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes ANS and DFR-like1, the ammonium transporter AMT1;4, the ureide transporter UPS5, and SPS1 involved in sucrose biosynthesis. The identified genes represent markers for the detection of cultivar-specific differences in N starvation-induced leaf senescence and can thus be employed as valuable tools in B. napus breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Koeslin-Findeklee
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Vajiheh Safavi Rizi
- Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin A Becker
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Parra-Londono
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kunze
- Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Free University Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter J Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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Gu X, Chen Y, Gao Z, Qiao Y, Wang X. Transcription factors and anthocyanin genes related to low-temperature tolerance in rd29A:RdreB1BI transgenic strawberry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 89:31-43. [PMID: 25686702 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) transcription factors play critical roles in plant stress responses and signal transduction. To further understand how DREB regulates genes expression to promote cold-hardiness, Illumina/Solexa sequencing technology was used to compare the transcriptomes of non-transgenic and rd29A:RdreB1BI transgenic strawberry plants exposed to low temperatures. Approximately 3.5 million sequence tags were obtained from non-transgenic (NT) and transgenic (T) strawberry untreated (C) or low-temperature treated (LT) leaf samples. Over 1000 genes were differentially expressed between the NT-C and T-C plants, and also the NT-C and NT-LT, as well as the T-C and T-LT plants. Analysis of the genes up-regulated following low-temperature treatment revealed that the majority are linked to metabolism, biosynthesis, transcription and signal transduction. Uniquely up-regulated transcription factors as well as anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes are discussed. Accumulation of anthocyanin in the stolon and the base of the petiole differed between non-treated NT and T plants, and this correlated with gene expression patterns. The differentially expressed genes that encode transcription factors and anthocyanin enzymes may contribute to the cold hardiness of RdreB1BI transgenic strawberry. The transcriptome data provide a valuable resource for further studies of strawberry growth and development and DREB-mediated gene regulation under low-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Gu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushan Qiao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Iriel A, Dundas G, Fernández Cirelli A, Lagorio MG. Effect of arsenic on reflectance spectra and chlorophyll fluorescence of aquatic plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:697-703. [PMID: 25150973 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic pollution of groundwater is a serious problem in many regions of Latin America that causes severe risks to human health. As a consequence, non-destructive monitoring methodologies, sensitive to arsenic presence in the environment and able to perform a rapid screening of large polluted areas, are highly sought-after. Both chlorophyll - a fluorescence and reflectance of aquatic plants may be potential indicators to sense toxicity in water media. In this work, the effects of arsenic on the optical and photophysical properties of leaves of different aquatic plants (Vallisneria gigantea, Azolla filiculoides and Lemna minor) were evaluated. Reflectance spectra were recorded for the plant leaves from 300 to 2400 nm. The spectral distribution of the fluorescence was also studied and corrected for light re-absorption processes. Photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm and ΦPSII) were additionally calculated from the variable chlorophyll fluorescence recorded with a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Fluorescence and reflectance properties for V. gigantea and A. filiculoides were sensitive to arsenic presence in contrast to the behaviour of L. minor. Observed changes in fluorescence spectra could be interpreted in terms of preferential damage in photosystem II. The quantum efficiency of photosystem II for the first two species was also affected, decreasing upon arsenic treatment. As a result of this research, V. gigantea and A. filiculoides were proposed as bioindicators of arsenic occurrence in aquatic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Iriel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal / INPA(UBA-CONICET) / Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gavin Dundas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal / INPA(UBA-CONICET) / Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Fernández Cirelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal / INPA(UBA-CONICET) / Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria G Lagorio
- INQUIMAE / Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1er piso, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hong MJ, Kim JB, Yoon YH, Kim SH, Ahn JW, Jeong IY, Kang SY, Seo YW, Kim DS. The effects of chronic gamma irradiation on oxidative stress response and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1218-28. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.934930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tattini M, Landi M, Brunetti C, Giordano C, Remorini D, Gould KS, Guidi L. Epidermal coumaroyl anthocyanins protect sweet basil against excess light stress: multiple consequences of light attenuation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:585-98. [PMID: 24684471 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The putative photoprotective role of foliar anthocyanins continues to attract heated debate. Strikingly different experimental set-ups coupled with a poor knowledge of anthocyanin identity have likely contributed to such disparate opinions. Here, the photosynthetic responses to 30 or 100% solar irradiance were compared in two cultivars of basil, the green-leafed Tigullio (TG) and the purple-leafed Red Rubin (RR). Coumaroyl anthocyanins in RR leaf epidermis significantly mitigated the effects of high light stress. In full sunlight, RR leaves displayed several shade-plant traits; they transferred less energy than did TG to photosystem II (PSII), and non-photochemical quenching was lower. The higher xanthophyll cycle activity in TG was insufficient to prevent inactivation of PSII in full sunlight. However, TG was the more efficient in the shade; RR was far less able to accommodate a large change in irradiance. Investment of carbon to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was more in RR than in TG in the shade, and was either greatly enhanced in TG or varied little in RR because of high sunlight. The metabolic cost of photoprotection was lower whereas light-induced increase in biomass production was higher in RR than in TG, thus making purple basil the more light tolerant. Purple basil appears indeed to display the conservative resource-use strategy usually observed in highly stress tolerant species. We conclude that the presence of epidermal coumaroyl anthocyanins confers protective benefits under high light, but it is associated with a reduced plasticity to accommodate changing light fluxes as compared with green leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tattini
- The National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Plant Protection, Florence, I-50019, Italy
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Hong G, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hochstetter D, Zhang S, Pan Y, Shi Y, Xu P, Wang Y. Biosynthesis of catechin components is differentially regulated in dark-treated tea (Camellia sinensis L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 78:49-52. [PMID: 24632491 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a crop with both commercial and medicinal value with remarkably high polyphenol content in the form of catechins. To understand the molecular regulation of catechin biosynthesis in tea, we treated the tea plants with darkness. We used qRT-PCR to validate the expression of genes involved in catechin biosynthesis. It indicated that dark treatment displayed different effects on the genes participating in tea flavonoid (FL) pathway. The early genes of FL biosynthesis pathway, CHSI, F3H and DFR, remained at steady expression levels when treated by darkness. It is noteworthy that the expression level of LAR increased and the level of ANS decreased under dark conditions. The vanillin assay showed that the dark-treated plants contained lower levels of total catechins than those grown under normal conditions. The HPLC analysis further demonstrated the changes in biosynthesis of catechins under these conditions. In accordance with the gene expression pattern, the content of epicatechins (ECs) declined and that of catechins (Cs) was elevated in response to the darkness. Our study uncovered the molecular mechanisms and biochemical changes of shading in tea cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Hong
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Danielle Hochstetter
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunlong Shi
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310029, China.
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Chopra D, Wolff H, Span J, Schellmann S, Coupland G, Albani MC, Schrader A, Hülskamp M. Analysis of TTG1 function in Arabis alpina. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:16. [PMID: 24406039 PMCID: PMC3904473 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) the WD40 protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) controls five traits relevant for the adaptation of plants to environmental changes including the production of proanthocyanidin, anthocyanidin, seed coat mucilage, trichomes and root hairs. The analysis of different Brassicaceae species suggests that the function of TTG1 is conserved within the family. RESULTS In this work, we studied the function of TTG1 in Arabis alpina (A. alpina). A comparison of wild type and two Aattg1 alleles revealed that AaTTG1 is involved in the regulation of all five traits. A detailed analysis of the five traits showed striking phenotypic differences between A. alpina and A. thaliana such that trichome formation occurs also at later stages of leaf development and that root hairs form at non-root hair positions. CONCLUSIONS The evolutionary conservation of the regulation of the five traits by TTG1 on the one hand and the striking phenotypic differences make A. alpina a very interesting genetic model system to study the evolution of TTG1-dependent gene regulatory networks at a functional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divykriti Chopra
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heike Wolff
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Span
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Swen Schellmann
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria C Albani
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Fischer JJ, Beatty PH, Good AG, Muench DG. Manipulation of microRNA expression to improve nitrogen use efficiency. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 210:70-81. [PMID: 23849115 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is the key limiting nutrient required for plant growth. The application of nitrogen-based fertilizers to crops has risen dramatically in recent years, resulting in significant yield increases. However, increased production has come at the cost of substantial negative environmental consequences. Higher crop production costs, increased consumption of food and fertilizer, and a growing global population have led to calls for a "second green revolution" using modern genetic manipulation techniques to improve the production, yield, and quality of crops. Considerable research is being directed toward the study and engineering of nitrogen use efficiency in crop plants. The end goal is to reduce the amount of nitrogen-based fertilizer used and thereby reduce production costs and environmental damage while increasing yields. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in understanding the regulation of nitrogen metabolism by the action of microRNAs with a view toward engineering crops with increased nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Fischer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4
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Gruner K, Griebel T, Návarová H, Attaran E, Zeier J. Reprogramming of plants during systemic acquired resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:252. [PMID: 23874348 PMCID: PMC3711057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide microarray analyses revealed that during biological activation of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in Arabidopsis, the transcript levels of several hundred plant genes were consistently up- (SAR(+) genes) or down-regulated (SAR(-) genes) in systemic, non-inoculated leaf tissue. This transcriptional reprogramming fully depended on the SAR regulator FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1). Functional gene categorization showed that genes associated with salicylic acid (SA)-associated defenses, signal transduction, transport, and the secretory machinery are overrepresented in the group of SAR(+) genes, and that the group of SAR(-) genes is enriched in genes activated via the jasmonate (JA)/ethylene (ET)-defense pathway, as well as in genes associated with cell wall remodeling and biosynthesis of constitutively produced secondary metabolites. This suggests that SAR-induced plants reallocate part of their physiological activity from vegetative growth towards SA-related defense activation. Alignment of the SAR expression data with other microarray information allowed us to define three clusters of SAR(+) genes. Cluster I consists of genes tightly regulated by SA. Cluster II genes can be expressed independently of SA, and this group is moderately enriched in H2O2- and abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes. The expression of the cluster III SAR(+) genes is partly SA-dependent. We propose that SA-independent signaling events in early stages of SAR activation enable the biosynthesis of SA and thus initiate SA-dependent SAR signaling. Both SA-independent and SA-dependent events tightly co-operate to realize SAR. SAR(+) genes function in the establishment of diverse resistance layers, in the direct execution of resistance against different (hemi-)biotrophic pathogen types, in suppression of the JA- and ABA-signaling pathways, in redox homeostasis, and in the containment of defense response activation. Our data further indicated that SAR-associated defense priming can be realized by partial pre-activation of particular defense pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Gruner
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Griebel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
| | - Hana Návarová
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elham Attaran
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jürgen Zeier, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany e-mail:
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Tanino KK, Kalcsits L, Silim S, Kendall E, Gray GR. Temperature-driven plasticity in growth cessation and dormancy development in deciduous woody plants: a working hypothesis suggesting how molecular and cellular function is affected by temperature during dormancy induction. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:49-65. [PMID: 20191309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The role of temperature during dormancy development is being reconsidered as more research emerges demonstrating that temperature can significantly influence growth cessation and dormancy development in woody plants. However, there are seemingly contradictory responses to warm and low temperature in the literature. This research/review paper aims to address this contradiction. The impact of temperature was examined in four poplar clones and two dogwood ecotypes with contrasting dormancy induction patterns. Under short day (SD) conditions, warm night temperature (WT) strongly accelerated timing of growth cessation leading to greater dormancy development and cold hardiness in poplar hybrids. In contrast, under long day (LD) conditions, low night temperature (LT) can completely bypass the short photoperiod requirement in northern but not southern dogwood ecotypes. These findings are in fact consistent with the literature in which both coniferous and deciduous woody plant species' growth cessation, bud set or dormancy induction are accelerated by temperature. The contradictions are addressed when photoperiod and ecotypes are taken into account in which the combination of either SD/WT (northern and southern ecotypes) or LD/LT (northern ecotypes only) are separated. Photoperiod insensitive types are driven to growth cessation by LT. Also consistent is the importance of night temperature in regulating these warm and cool temperature responses. However, the physiological basis for these temperature effects remain unclear. Changes in water content, binding and mobility are factors known to be associated with dormancy induction in woody plants. These were measured using non-destructive magnetic resonance micro-imaging (MRMI) in specific regions within lateral buds of poplar under SD/WT dormancing inducing conditions. Under SD/WT, dormancy was associated with restrictions in inter- or intracellular water movement between plant cells that reduces water mobility during dormancy development. Northern ecotypes of dogwood may be more tolerant to photoinhibition under the dormancy inducing LD/LT conditions compared to southern ecotypes. In this paper, we propose the existence of two separate, but temporally connected processes that contribute to dormancy development in some deciduous woody plant: one driven by photoperiod and influenced by moderate temperatures; the other driven by abiotic stresses, such as low temperature in combination with long photoperiods. The molecular changes corresponding to these two related but distinct responses to temperature during dormancy development in woody plants remains an investigative challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada.
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