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Zhang X, Guo Z, Xu J, Huang C, Dang H, Mu W, Zhang L, Hou S, Huang N, Li C, Ding Y, Sun R, Li X, He G, Liu J, Siddique KHM, Wang Z. Nutrient requirements determined by grain yield and protein content to optimize N, P, and K fertilizer management in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174187. [PMID: 38936741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient requirement for crop growth, defined as the amount of nutrient that crops take up from soil to produce a specific grain yield, is a key parameter in determining fertilizer application rate. However, existing studies primarily focus on identifying nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) requirements solely in relation to grain yield, neglecting grain protein content, a crucial index for wheat grain quality. Addressing this gap, we conducted multi-site, multi-cultivar, and multi-year field trials across three ecological regions of China from 2016 to 2020 to elucidate variations in nutrient requirements for grain yield and grain protein. The research findings revealed that wheat grain yield ranged from 4.1 to 9.3 Mg ha-1 (average 6.9 Mg ha-1) and grain protein content ranged from 98 to 157 g kg-1 (average 127 g kg-1) across the three regions. Notably, the N requirement exhibited a nonlinear correlation with the wheat grain yield but a linear increase with increasing grain protein, while the P and K requirements positively correlated with grain yield and protein content. Regression models were formulated to determine the nutrient requirements (MENR), enabling the prediction of N, P, and K requirements for leading cultivars with varying grain yields and protein contents. Implementing nutrient requirements based on MENR projections resulted in substantial reductions in fertilizer rates: 22.0 kg ha-1 N (10.7 %), 9.9 kg ha-1 P (20.2 %), and 8.1 kg ha-1 K (16.3 %). This translated to potential savings of 0.4 Mt. N, 0.23 Mt. P, and 0.17 Mt. K, consequently mitigating 5.5 Mt. CO2 greenhouse-gas emission and yielding an economic benefit of 0.8 billion US$ annually in China. These findings underscore the significance of considering grain yield and protein content in estimating nutrient requirements for fertilizer recommendations to realize high-yielding, high-protein wheat production, and minimize overfertilization and associated environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zikang Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Junfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyan Dang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyan Mu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Saibin Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yulan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruiqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Pu Z, Zhang R, Wang H, Li Q, Zhang J, Wang XX. Root morphological and physiological traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi shape phosphorus-acquisition strategies of 12 vegetable species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1150832. [PMID: 37223810 PMCID: PMC10202175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1150832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Trait plasticity and integration mediate vegetable adaptive strategies. However, it is unclear how patterns of vegetables in root traits influence vegetable adaptation to different phosphorus (P) levels. Nine root traits and six shoot traits were investigated in 12 vegetable species cultivated in a greenhouse with low and high P supplies to identify distinct adaptive mechanisms in relation to P acquisition (40 and 200 P mg kg-1 as KH2PO4). At the low P level, a series of negative correlations among root morphology, exudates and mycorrhizal colonization, and different types of root functional properties (root morphology, exudates and mycorrhizal colonization) respond differently to soil P levels among vegetable species. non-mycorrhizal plants showed relatively stable root traits as compared to solanaceae plants that showed more altered root morphologies and structural traits. At the low P level, the correlation between root traits of vegetable crops was enhanced. It was also found in vegetables that low P supply enhances the correlation of morphological structure while high P supply enhances the root exudation and the correlation between mycorrhizal colonization and root traits. Root exudation combined with root morphology and mycorrhizal symbiosis to observe P acquisition strategies in different root functions. Vegetables respond highly under different P conditions by enhancing the correlation of root traits. Low P supply could significantly improve the direct and indirect ways of mycorrhizal vegetable crops' root traits axis on shoot biomass, and enhance the direct way of non-mycorrhizal vegetable crops' root traits axis and reduce the indirect way of root exudates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Pu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Mountain Area Research Institute, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Frittelli A, Botticella E, Palombieri S, Masci S, Celletti S, Fontanella MC, Astolfi S, De Vita P, Volpato M, Sestili F. The suppression of TdMRP3 genes reduces the phytic acid and increases the nutrient accumulation in durum wheat grain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079559. [PMID: 36743506 PMCID: PMC9890658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition affects more than half of the world population. Reduced bioavailability of microelements in the raw materials is considered one of the main causes of mineral deficiency in populations whose diet is largely based on the consumption of staple crops. In this context, the production of low phytic acid (lpa) cereals is a main goal of the breeding programs, as phytic acid (PA) binds essential mineral cations such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) precipitating in the form of phytate salts poorly digested by monogastric animals, including humans, due to the lack of phytases in the digestive tract. Since PA limits the bioavailability of microelements, it is widely recognized as an anti-nutritional compound. A Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach has been undertaken to silence the genes encoding the TdABCC13 proteins, known as Multidrug-Resistance associated Proteins 3 (TdMRP3), transporters involved in the accumulation of PA inside the vacuole in durum wheat. The TdMRP3 complete null genotypes showed a significant reduction in the content of PA and were able to accumulate a higher amount of essential micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn) compared to the control. The number of spikelets and seeds per spike, traits associated with the agronomic performances, were reduced compared to the control, but the negative effect was in part balanced by the increased grain weight. The TdMRP3 mutant lines showed morphological differences in the root apparatus such as a significant decrease in the number of root tips, root length, volume and surface area and an increase in root average diameter compared to the control plants. These materials represent a promising basis for obtaining new commercial durum wheats with higher nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Frittelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Botticella
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Samuela Palombieri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefania Masci
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Celletti
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Fontanella
- Department for Sustainable Process, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Astolfi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Science (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Kamble U, Mishra CN, Govindan V, Sharma AK, Pawar S, Kumar S, Krishnappa G, Gupta OP, Singh GP, Singh G. Ensuring Nutritional Security in India through Wheat Biofortification: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122298. [PMID: 36553565 PMCID: PMC9778289 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Undernourishment of nutrients, also known as hidden hunger, affects over 2 billion populace globally. Even though stunting among children below five years of age has decreased in India in the last ten years, India is home to roughly thirty percent of the world's population of stunted pre-schoolers. A significant improvement has been witnessed in the targeted development and deployment of biofortified crops; approximately 20 million farm households from developing counties benefit from cultivating and consuming biofortified crops. There is ample scope for including biofortified varieties in the seed chain, ensuring nutritional security. Wheat is a dietary staple in India, typically consumed as wholemeal flour in the form of flatbreads such as chapatti and roti. Wheat contributes to nearly one fifth of global energy requirements and can also provide better amounts of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). As a result, biofortified wheat can serve as a medium for delivery of essential micronutrients such as Fe and Zn to end users. This review discusses wheat biofortification components such as Fe and Zn dynamics, its uptake and movement in plants, the genetics of their buildup, and the inclusion of biofortified wheat varieties in the seed multiplication chain concerning India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Kamble
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Chandra Nath Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-946-8251-294
| | | | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Sushma Pawar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | | | - Om Prakash Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
| | | | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001, India
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Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1718-1775. [PMID: 36018491 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop that feeds 40% of the world's population. Over the past several decades, advances in genomics have led to tremendous achievements in understanding the origin and domestication of wheat, and the genetic basis of agronomically important traits, which promote the breeding of elite varieties. In this review, we focus on progress that has been made in genomic research and genetic improvement of traits such as grain yield, end-use traits, flowering regulation, nutrient use efficiency, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, and various breeding strategies that contributed mainly by Chinese scientists. Functional genomic research in wheat is entering a new era with the availability of multiple reference wheat genome assemblies and the development of cutting-edge technologies such as precise genome editing tools, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, sequencing-based cloning strategies, high-efficiency genetic transformation systems, and speed-breeding facilities. These insights will further extend our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying agronomic traits and facilitate the breeding process, ultimately contributing to more sustainable agriculture in China and throughout the world.
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Khourchi S, Oukarroum A, Tika A, Delaplace P, Bargaz A. Polyphosphate application influences morpho-physiological root traits involved in P acquisition and durum wheat growth performance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 35754019 PMCID: PMC9235221 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among phosphate (P) fertilizers, polyphosphates (PolyPs) have shown promising results in terms of crop yield and plant P nutrition. However, compared to conventional P inputs, very little is known on the impact of PolyPs fertilizers on below- and above-ground plant functional traits involved in P acquisition. This study aims to evaluate agro-physiological responses of durum wheat variety ´Karim´ under different PolyPs applications. Three PolyPs fertilizers (PolyA, PolyB, and PolyC) versus one orthophosphate (OrthoP) were applied at three doses; 30 (D30), 60 (D60), and 90 (D90) kg P/ha under controlled conditions. The PolyPs (especially PolyB and PolyC) application at D60 significantly increased morphophysiological root traits (e.g., RL: 42 and 130%; RSA:40 and 60%), shoot inorganic P (Pi) content (159 and 88%), and root P acquisition efficiency (471 and 296%) under PolyB and PolyC, respectively compared to unfertilized plants. Above-ground physiological parameters, mainly nutrient acquisition, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also improved under PolyB and PolyA application at D60. A significant and positive correlation between shoot Pi content and rhizosphere soil acid phosphatase activity was observed, which reveal the key role of these enzymes in PolyPs (A and B) use efficiency. Furthermore, increased P uptake/RL ratio along with shoot Pi indicates more efficient P allocation to shoots with less investment in root biomass production under PolyPs (especially A and B). CONCLUSIONS Under our experimental conditions, these findings report positive impacts of PolyPs on wheat growth performance, particularly on photosynthesis and nutrient acquisition at D60, along with modulation of root morpho-physiological traits likely responsible of P acquisition efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Khourchi
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, 43150, Rabat, Morocco.
- Terra Department, Plant Sciences Group, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, 43150, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Asma Tika
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, 43150, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Terra Department, Plant Sciences Group, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Adnane Bargaz
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbes Interactions, Agrobiosciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, 43150, Rabat, Morocco.
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Campolino ML, de Paula Lana UG, Gomes EA, Coelho AM, de Sousa SM. Phosphate fertilization affects rhizosphere microbiome of maize and sorghum genotypes. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1371-1383. [PMID: 35391636 PMCID: PMC9433508 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lower reactivity of natural phosphates compared to soluble fertilizers, their P bioavailability can increase over the cultivation years, due to the physicochemical processes and the activity of soil microbiota. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the α and β diversity of the rhizosphere microbiota of maize and sorghum genotypes grown under different sources and doses of phosphate fertilizers. Four commercial maize and four sorghum genotypes were grown under field conditions with three levels of triple superphosphate (TSP) and two types of rock phosphate sources: phosphorite (RockP) and bayóvar (RP) during two seasons. Maize and sorghum presented a significant difference on the genetic β diversity of both rhizosferic bacterial and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, P doses within each phosphate source formed two distinct groups for maize and sorghum, and six bacterial phyla were identified in both crops with significant difference in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. It was observed that RockP fertilization increased Firmicutes population while Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum after TSP fertilization in maize. In sorghum, a significant impact of fertilization was observed on the Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla. TSP fertilization increased the Acidobacteria population compared to no fertilized (P0) and RockP while Proteobacteria abundance in RockP was reduced compared to P0 and TSP, indicating a shift toward a more copiotrophic community. Our results suggested that the reactivity of P source is the predominant factor in bacterial community' structures in the maize and sorghum rhizosphere from the evaluated genotypes, followed by P source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sylvia Morais de Sousa
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil.
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, MG, 35701-970, Brazil.
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Nadeem M, Wu J, Ghaffari H, Kedir AJ, Saleem S, Mollier A, Singh J, Cheema M. Understanding the Adaptive Mechanisms of Plants to Enhance Phosphorus Use Efficiency on Podzolic Soils in Boreal Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804058. [PMID: 35371179 PMCID: PMC8965363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Being a macronutrient, phosphorus (P) is the backbone to complete the growth cycle of plants. However, because of low mobility and high fixation, P becomes the least available nutrient in podzolic soils; hence, enhancing phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) can play an important role in different cropping systems/crop production practices to meet ever-increasing demands in food, fiber, and fuel. Additionally, the rapidly decreasing mineral phosphate rocks/stocks forced to explore alternative resources and methods to enhance PUE either through improved seed P reserves and their remobilization, P acquisition efficiency (PAE), or plant's internal P utilization efficiency (IPUE) or both for sustainable P management strategies. The objective of this review article is to explore and document important domains to enhance PUE in crop plants grown on Podzol in a boreal agroecosystem. We have discussed P availabilities in podzolic soils, root architecture and morphology, root exudates, phosphate transporters and their role in P uptake, different contributors to enhance PAE and IPUE, and strategies to improve plant PUE in crops grown on podzolic soils deficient in P and acidic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | - Jiaxu Wu
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
| | | | - Amana Jemal Kedir
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
- Environmental Science Program, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Shamila Saleem
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Punjab, Khanewal, Pakistan
| | - Alain Mollier
- INRAE, UMR 1391 ISPA, Bordeaux Science Agro, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Mumtaz Cheema
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL, Canada
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Lopez G, Ahmadi SH, Amelung W, Athmann M, Ewert F, Gaiser T, Gocke MI, Kautz T, Postma J, Rachmilevitch S, Schaaf G, Schnepf A, Stoschus A, Watt M, Yu P, Seidel SJ. Nutrient deficiency effects on root architecture and root-to-shoot ratio in arable crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1067498. [PMID: 36684760 PMCID: PMC9846339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant root traits play a crucial role in resource acquisition and crop performance when soil nutrient availability is low. However, the respective trait responses are complex, particularly at the field scale, and poorly understood due to difficulties in root phenotyping monitoring, inaccurate sampling, and environmental conditions. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 field studies to identify the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), or potassium (K) deficiencies on the root systems of common crops. Root length and biomass were generally reduced, while root length per shoot biomass was enhanced under N and P deficiency. Root length decreased by 9% under N deficiency and by 14% under P deficiency, while root biomass was reduced by 7% in N-deficient and by 25% in P-deficient soils. Root length per shoot biomass increased by 33% in N deficient and 51% in P deficient soils. The root-to-shoot ratio was often enhanced (44%) under N-poor conditions, but no consistent response of the root-to-shoot ratio to P-deficiency was found. Only a few K-deficiency studies suited our approach and, in those cases, no differences in morphological traits were reported. We encountered the following drawbacks when performing this analysis: limited number of root traits investigated at field scale, differences in the timing and severity of nutrient deficiencies, missing data (e.g., soil nutrient status and time of stress), and the impact of other conditions in the field. Nevertheless, our analysis indicates that, in general, nutrient deficiencies increased the root-length-to-shoot-biomass ratios of crops, with impacts decreasing in the order deficient P > deficient N > deficient K. Our review resolved inconsistencies that were often found in the individual field experiments, and led to a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying root plasticity in fields with low nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Lopez
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gina Lopez, ; Sabine Julia Seidel,
| | - Seyed Hamid Ahmadi
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Water Engineering Department, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Soil Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Athmann
- Organic Farming and Cropping Systems, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Frank Ewert
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Directorate, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gaiser
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina I. Gocke
- Soil Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Timo Kautz
- Crop Science, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Postma
- Institute of Bio-Geosciences (IBG-2, Plant Sciences), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Plant Nutrition Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Schnepf
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3, Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alixandrine Stoschus
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle Watt
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peng Yu
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Emmy Noether Group Root Functional Biology, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sabine Julia Seidel
- Crop Science, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Gina Lopez, ; Sabine Julia Seidel,
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10
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Gong H, Kabeto Wako B, Xiang Y, Jiao X. Phosphorus-Use Efficiency Modified by Complementary Effects of P Supply Intensity With Limited Root Growth Space. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:728527. [PMID: 34646288 PMCID: PMC8503601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.728527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Space availability and the maintenance of adequate phosphorus (P) supply in the root zone are essential for achieving high yield and P-use efficiency in maize production by manipulating the root morphology and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonization. A major trade-off exists between root growth and AM colonization that is influenced by soil P supply intensity and space availability. However, how soil P manipulates the root morphological characteristics and AM colonization to compensate for the limitation of root-growth space induced by high-planting density is not clear. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted to investigate interactions between the root growth and AM fungi by optimizing soil P supply to compensate for limited root growth space induced by high-planting density. Similar shoot biomass and P uptake values were obtained in P200 (200 mg P kg-1 soil) under D = 40 (i.e., diameter of the pot is 40 cm) and P400 under D = 30, and similar values were obtained for root length, tap root length, root angle, lateral root density, and AM colonization. However, the improvement in P supply in the root zone, shoot biomass, and P uptake in P400 under D = 20 were lower than in P200 under D = 30, and there were no significant differences in the root parameters between P200 and P400 under D = 20; similarly, the root growth and AM colonization exhibited similar trends. These results suggest that optimizing P supply in the root zone to regulate the interaction between root morphological traits and AM colonization can compensate for limited root-growth space. Although P supply in the root zone increased after the root-growth space was compressed, it could not meet the P demand of maize; thus, to achieve the most efficient use of P under intensive high-density maize production, it is necessary to optimally coordinate root growth space and P supply in the root zone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaoqiang Jiao
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Wang P, Li G, Li G, Yuan S, Wang C, Xie Y, Guo T, Kang G, Wang D. TaPHT1;9-4B and its transcriptional regulator TaMYB4-7D contribute to phosphate uptake and plant growth in bread wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1968-1983. [PMID: 34096624 PMCID: PMC8489284 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient phosphate (Pi) uptake and utilisation are essential for promoting crop yield. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood in complex crop species such as hexaploid wheat. Here we report that TaPHT1;9-4B and its transcriptional regulator TaMYB4-7D function in Pi acquisition, translocation and plant growth in bread wheat. TaPHT1;9-4B, a high-affinity Pi transporter highly upregulated in roots by Pi deficiency, was identified using quantitative proteomics. Disruption of TaPHT1;9-4B function by BSMV-VIGS or CRISPR editing impaired wheat tolerance to Pi deprivation, whereas transgenic expression of TaPHT1;9-4B in rice improved Pi uptake and plant growth. Using yeast-one-hybrid assay, we isolated TaMYB4-7D, a R2R3 MYB transcription factor that could activate TaPHT1;9-4B expression by binding to its promoter. Silencing TaMYB4-7D decreased TaPHT1;9-4B expression, Pi uptake and plant growth. Four promoter haplotypes were identified for TaPHT1;9-4B, with Hap3 showing significant positive associations with TaPHT1;9-4B transcript level, growth performance and phosphorus (P) content in wheat plants. A functional marker was therefore developed for tagging Hap3. Collectively, our data shed new light on the molecular mechanism controlling Pi acquisition and utilisation in bread wheat. TaPHT1;9-4B and TaMYB4-7D may aid further research towards the development of P efficient crop cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Gezi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guangwei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shasha Yuan
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Tiancai Guo
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guozhang Kang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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12
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Liu D. Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1065-1090. [PMID: 33710755 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus-acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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13
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, An Y, Chen X. Phosphorus fractionation related to environmental risks resulting from intensive vegetable cropping and fertilization in a subtropical region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116098. [PMID: 33246759 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of phosphorus (P) fertilizer and the resulting soil P accumulation in vegetable production increases the risk of P runoff and leaching. However, P transformations under continuous fertilization and their effects on environmental risk are unclear. The current study examined the effects of long-term P fertilizer application on P fractions in different soil layers, and assessed the correlations between P fractions and environmental risks in intensive vegetable production in a subtropical region. A total of 32 fields were studied, including 8 uncultivated fields and 24 fields continuously used for vegetable production for 1-3, 4-9, or 10-15 years. The results showed that excessive P fertilizer input caused soil P surpluses ranging from 204.6 to 252.4 kg ha-1 yr-1. Compared to uncultivated fields, vegetable fields contained higher levels of labile P, moderately labile P, sparingly labile P, and non-labile P. The combined percentage of labile P and moderately labile P increased from 55.2% in fields cultivated for 0-3 year to 65.5% in fields cultivated for 10-15 years. The concentrations of soil P fractions were higher at 0-20 cm soil depth than at 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil depth. Soil available P was positively correlated with all soil P fractions except diluted HCl-Pi or concentrated HCl-Po. Long-term vegetable production increased CaCl2-P downward movement, which was positively correlated with levels of labile and moderately labile P. The P index indicated a high risk of P losses from the vegetable fields. The P index was on average 3.27-fold higher in the vegetable fields than in uncultivated fields, and was significantly correlated with soil available P and organic and inorganic P fertilizer input. The environmental risk caused by P in vegetable production should be reduced by reducing P fertilizer input so as to maintain soil available P within an optimal range for vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Yuli An
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, PR China.
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14
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Lang M, Zou W, Chen X, Zou C, Zhang W, Deng Y, Zhu F, Yu P, Chen X. Soil Microbial Composition and phoD Gene Abundance Are Sensitive to Phosphorus Level in a Long-Term Wheat-Maize Crop System. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:605955. [PMID: 33584568 PMCID: PMC7873961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.605955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes associated with phosphorus (P) cycling are intrinsic to soil P transformation and availability for plant use but are also influenced by the application of P fertilizer. Nevertheless, the variability in soil P in the field means that integrative analyses of soil P cycling, microbial composition, and microbial functional genes related to P cycling remain very challenging. In the present study in the North China Plain, we subjected the bacterial and fungal communities to amplicon sequencing analysis and characterized the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoD) encoding bacterial alkaline phosphatase in a long-term field experiment (10 years) with six mineral P fertilization rates up to 200 kg P ha-1. Long-term P fertilization increased soil available P, inorganic P, and total P, while soil organic P increased until the applied P rate reached 25 kg ha-1 and then decreased. The fungal alpha-diversity decreased as P rate increased, while there were no significant effects on bacterial alpha-diversity. Community compositions of bacteria and fungi were significantly affected by P rates at order and family levels. The number of keystone taxa decreased from 10 to 3 OTUs under increasing P rates from 0 to 200 kg ha-1. The gene copy numbers of the biomarker of the alkaline phosphatase phoD was higher at moderate P rates (25 and 50 kg ha-1) than at low (0 and 12.5 kg ha-1) and high (100 and 200 kg ha-1) rates of P fertilization, and was positively correlated with soil organic P concentration. One of the keystone taxa named BacOTU3771 belonging to Xanthomonadales was positively correlated with potential functional genes encoding enzymes such as glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase, acid phosphatase and negatively correlated with guinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase. Altogether, the results show the systematic effect of P gradient fertilization on P forms, the microbial community structure, keystone taxa, and functional genes associated with P cycling and highlight the potential of moderate rates of P fertilization to maintain microbial community composition, specific taxa, and levels of functional genes to achieve and sustain soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxin Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunqin Zou
- Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xinping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Wang L, Hou B, Zhang D, Lyu Y, Zhang K, Li H, Rengel Z, Shen J. The niche complementarity driven by rhizosphere interactions enhances phosphorus‐use efficiency in maize/alfalfa mixture. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Baicheng Hou
- Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhang
- Institute of Ecological Environment Protection Research Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural TechnologyShanghai Low‐carbon Agricultural Technical Engineering Research Center Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yang Lyu
- Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Haigang Li
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot P. R. China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science & Plant Nutrition UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation Split Croatia
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Center for Resources Environment and Food Security Key Laboratory of Plant‐Soil Interactions Ministry of Education National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
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16
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Elucidating the source–sink relationships of zinc biofortification in wheat grains: A review. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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17
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Rod KS, Bradley CA, Van Sanford DA, Knott CA. Integrating Management Practices to Decrease Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Soft Red Winter Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1158. [PMID: 32849715 PMCID: PMC7406782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the U.S., can produce mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), during infection. Contamination of wheat grain with DON is a major concern for wheat producers and millers, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has set advisory levels for DON in finished wheat products for human and animal consumption. Practices utilized to manage FHB and DON contamination include planting wheat cultivars with moderate resistance to FHB and applying efficacious fungicides at the beginning of anthesis. Under severe epidemics, DON contamination can exceed FDA advisory levels despite implementation of these measures. Additionally, fungicide efficacy can be limited when anthesis is not uniform among plants in the field, which can occur when planting is delayed or if there is non-uniform seedling establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of (1) in-furrow phosphorus application at planting and seeding rate on heading and anthesis uniformity, FHB symptomology, DON contamination, grain yield, yield components, and test weight; and (2) harvesting at different grain moisture concentrations on FHB symptomology, DON contamination, grain yield and test weight. Field trials were established in Princeton, Kentucky, from 2017 to 2019, to evaluate in-furrow phosphorus application at planting (0 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 47 kg P2O5 ha-1); seeding rate (377 live seeds m-2 and 603 live seeds m-2); and grain moisture at harvest (20 to 22% and 13 to 15%). In-furrow phosphorus increased grain yield and spikes m-2, but had no effect on heading and anthesis uniformity or DON contamination. The 603 live seeds m-2 seeding rate decreased the number of days to Zadoks 60 for the November planted wheat, and decreased FHB incidence, but did not decrease DON contamination. Harvesting at 20 to 22% grain moisture decreased Fusarium damaged kernel ratings and percent kernel infection but increased DON contamination in the harvested grain. Although in-furrow phosphorus, seeding rate, and harvesting 20 to 22% grain moisture did not decrease DON contamination, there is potential for these treatments to alleviate negative effects of late planted wheat grown in stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Rod
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Carl A. Bradley
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, United States
| | - David A. Van Sanford
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Carrie A. Knott
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, United States
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18
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Chen XX, Zhang W, Liang XY, Liu YM, Xu SJ, Zhao QY, Du YF, Zhang L, Chen XP, Zou CQ. Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16580. [PMID: 31719561 PMCID: PMC6851383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Jie Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yue Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Fei Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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19
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Yue Z, Shen Y, Chen Y, Liang A, Chu C, Chen C, Sun Z. Microbiological Insights into the Stress-Alleviating Property of an Endophytic Bacillus altitudinis WR10 in Wheat under Low-Phosphorus and High-Salinity Stresses. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E508. [PMID: 31671870 PMCID: PMC6920878 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An indole-3-acetic acid producing Bacillus altitudinis WR10 was previously isolated from the root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, the strain WR10 was used for relieving abiotic stresses in wheat under low phosphorus and high saline in hydroponic co-culture models. Significantly, strain WR10 improved wheat seed relative germination rate under salinity stress (200/400 mM NaCl) and the root dry weight in wheat seedlings under phosphorus stress (10 μM KH2PO3) when insoluble phosphates are available. To provide insights into its abiotic stress-alleviating properties, the strain was characterized further. WR10 grows well under different culture conditions. Particularly, WR10 resists salt (12% NaCl) and hydrolyzes both inorganic and organic insoluble phosphates. WR10 uses many plant-derived substrates as sole carbon and energy sources. It produces catalase, amylase, phosphatase, phytase, reductase, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. In addition, WR10 possesses long peritrichous flagella, and its biofilm formation, as well as phytase production, is induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, the salinity-alleviating property of WR10 in wheat can be attributed to its inherent tolerance to NaCl, formation of biofilm, and production of enzymes, like catalase, amylase, and ACC deaminase. Meanwhile, B. altitudinis WR10 reduces low-phosphorus stress in wheat by production of phosphatases and phytases in the presence of insoluble phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Yue
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding and Bioreactor, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Yihao Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Yanjuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Anwen Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Cuiwei Chu
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Can Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China.
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20
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Akhtar M, Yousaf S, Sarwar N, Hussain S. Zinc biofortification of cereals-role of phosphorus and other impediments in alkaline calcareous soils. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2365-2379. [PMID: 30903431 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline calcareous soils are deficient in plant nutrients; in particular, phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) are least available; their inorganic fertilizers are generally applied to meet the demand of crops. The applied nutrients react with soil constituents as well as with each other, resulting in lower plant uptake. Phosphorus availability is usually deterred due to lime content, while Zn availability is largely linked with alkalinity of the soil. The present manuscript critically discusses the factors associated with physicochemical properties of soil and other interactions in soil-plant system which contribute to the nutrients supply from soil, and affect productivity and quality attributes of cereals. Appropriate measures may possibly lessen the severity of nutritional disorder in cereal and optimize P and Zn concentrations in grain. Foliar Zn spray is found to escape most of the soil reactions; thus, Zn bioavailability is higher either through increase in grain Zn or through decrease in phytate content. The reactivity of nutrients prior to its uptake is deemed as major impediments in Zn biofortification of cereals. The article addresses physiological limitation of plants to accumulate grain Zn and the ways to achieve biofortification in cereals, while molecular mechanism explains how it affects nutritional quality of cereals. Moreover, it highlights the desirable measures for enhancing Zn bioavailability, e.g., manipulation of genetic makeup for efficient nutrient uptake/translocation, and also elucidates agronomic measures that help facilitate Zn supply in soil for plant accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akhtar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Yousaf
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Sarwar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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21
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Zhang W, Tang X, Feng X, Wang E, Li H, Shen J, Zhang F. Management Strategies to Optimize Soil Phosphorus Utilization and Alleviate Environmental Risk in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:1167-1175. [PMID: 31589723 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2019.02.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, crop production in China has dramatically improved due to greater phosphorus (P) input. As P fertilizer application rates increased from 88 to 123 kg PO ha yr during 2004 to 2014, total P use efficiency (total P output in crops as a percentage of total P input) dropped from 68 to 20%, leading to an accumulation of >90 kg PO ha in the soil each year. Phosphorus lost from agriculture is the second greatest contributor to waterbody eutrophication in China, accounting for 25% of total P losses in 2010; the main contributor is livestock husbandry. Given these problems, as well as the finite nature of P reserves, three strategies are proposed here to reduce P fertilizer application rates, improve P use efficiency, and minimize the environmental risk caused by P loss in China: (i) improving soil legacy P utilization by modifying cropping systems, rhizosphere management, or microbial engineering, (ii) increasing P use efficiency by reducing P fertilizer applications and minimizing P fertilizer fixation, and (iii) promoting the extension of soil P management strategies. For these management strategies to succeed in China, close cooperation should be established among farmers, scientists, and governments in the future.
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22
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Santos EF, Pongrac P, Reis AR, White PJ, Lavres J. Phosphorus-zinc interactions in cotton: consequences for biomass production and nutrient-use efficiency in photosynthesis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:996-1007. [PMID: 30515843 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentary information on phosphorus (P) × zinc (Zn) interactions in plants warrants further study, particularly in plants known for their high P and Zn requirements, such as cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of P × Zn interactions in a modern cultivar of cotton grown hydroponically. Biomass, mineral nutrition and photosynthetic parameters were monitored in plants receiving contrasting combinations of P and Zn supply. Root biomass, length and surface area were similar in plants with low P and/or low Zn supply to those in plants grown with high P and high Zn supply, reflecting an increased root/shoot biomass quotient when plants lack sufficient P or Zn for growth. Increasing P supply and reducing Zn supply increased shoot P concentrations, whilst shoot Zn concentrations were influenced largely by Zn supply. A balanced P × Zn supply (4 mM P × 4 μM Zn) enabled greatest biomass accumulation, while an imbalanced supply of these nutrients led to Zn deficiency, P toxicity or Zn toxicity. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency increased as P or Zn supply increased. Although increasing P supply reduced the P-use efficiency in photosynthesis (PUEP) and increasing Zn supply reduced the Zn-use efficiency in photosynthesis (ZnUEP), increasing Zn supply at a given P supply increased PUEP and increasing P supply at a given Zn supply increased ZnUEP. These results suggest that agricultural management strategies should seek for balanced mineral nutrition to optimize yields and resource-use efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcio Ferreira Santos
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Pongrac
- Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, 13416-000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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23
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Wen Z, Li H, Shen Q, Tang X, Xiong C, Li H, Pang J, Ryan MH, Lambers H, Shen J. Tradeoffs among root morphology, exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses for phosphorus-acquisition strategies of 16 crop species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:882-895. [PMID: 30932187 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots exhibit diverse root functional traits to enable soil phosphorus (P) acquisition, including changes in root morphology, root exudation and mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet, whether these traits are differently coordinated among crop species to enhance P acquisition is unclear. Here, eight root functional traits for P acquisition were characterized in 16 major herbaceous crop species grown in a glasshouse under limiting and adequate soil P availability. We found substantial interspecific variation in root functional traits among species. Those with thinner roots showed more root branching and less first-order root length, and had consistently lower colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), fewer rhizosheath carboxylates and reduced acid phosphatase activity. In response to limiting soil P, species with thinner roots showed a stronger response in root branching, first-order root length and specific root length of the whole root system, Conversely, species with thicker roots exhibited higher colonization by AMF and/or more P-mobilizing exudates in the rhizosheath. We conclude that, at the species level, tradeoffs occur among the three groups of root functional traits we examined. Root diameter is a good predictor of the relative expression of these traits and how they change when P is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chuanyong Xiong
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiayin Pang
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Megan H Ryan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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24
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Zhou T, Wang L, Li S, Gao Y, Du Y, Zhao L, Liu W, Yang W. Interactions Between Light Intensity and Phosphorus Nutrition Affect the P Uptake Capacity of Maize and Soybean Seedling in a Low Light Intensity Area. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:183. [PMID: 30838016 PMCID: PMC6390497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To capture more nutrients, root systems of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) exhibit morphological and physiological plasticity to a localized supply of phosphorus (P). However, the mechanisms of the interaction between light intensity and P affecting root morphological and physiological alterations remain unclear. In the present study, the regulation of P uptake capacity of maize and soybean by light intensity and localized P supply was investigated in a low solar radiation area. The plants were grown under continual and disrupted light conditions with homogeneous and heterogeneous P supply. Light capture of maize and soybean increased under the disrupted light condition. Plant dry weight and P uptake were increased by more light capture, particularly when plants were grown in soil with heterogeneous P supply. Similarly, both localized P supply and disrupted light treatment increased the production of fine roots and specific root length in maize. Both homogeneous P supply and disrupted light treatment increased the malate and citrate exudation in the root of soybean. Across all of the experimental treatments, high root morphological plasticity of maize and root physiological plasticity of soybean were associated with lower P concentrations in leaves and greater sucrose concentrations in roots. It is suggested that the carbon (C), exceeded shoot growth capabilities and was transferred to roots as sucrose, which may serve as both a nutritional signal and a C-substrate for root morphological and physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongli Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Sichuan Coalfield Geological Bureau, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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25
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Ryan MH, Graham JH. Little evidence that farmers should consider abundance or diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when managing crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1092-1107. [PMID: 29987890 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1092 I. Introduction 1093 II. Investigating activity of AMF in agroecosystems 1093 III. Crop benefit from AMF: agronomic and mycorrhizal literature differ 1094 IV. Flawed methodology leads to benefits of mycorrhizas being overstated 1094 V. Rigorous methodology suggests low colonisation by AMF can sometimes reduce crop yield 1095 VI. Predicting when mycorrhizas matter for crop yield 1096 VII. Crop genotype 1099 VIII. Fungal genotype 1100 IX. Complex interactions between the mycorrhizal fungal and soil microbial communities 1102 X. Phosphorus-efficient agroecosystems 1102 XI. Conclusions 1103 Acknowledgements 1104 References 1104 SUMMARY: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are ubiquitous in agroecosystems and often stated to be critical for crop yield and agroecosystem sustainability. However, should farmers modify management to enhance the abundance and diversity of AMF? We address this question with a focus on field experiments that manipulated colonisation by indigenous AMF and report crop yield, or investigated community structure and diversity of AMF. We find that the literature presents an overly optimistic view of the importance of AMF in crop yield due, in part, to flawed methodology in field experiments. A small body of rigorous research only sometimes reports a positive impact of high colonisation on crop yield, even under phosphorus limitation. We suggest that studies vary due to the interaction of environment and genotype (crop and mycorrhizal fungal). We also find that the literature can be overly pessimistic about the impact of some common agricultural practices on mycorrhizal fungal communities and that interactions between AMF and soil microbes are complex and poorly understood. We provide a template for future field experiments and a list of research priorities, including phosphorus-efficient agroecosystems. However, we conclude that management of AMF by farmers will not be warranted until benefits are demonstrated at the field scale under prescribed agronomic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan H Ryan
- School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - James H Graham
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, 33850, USA
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26
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Deng Y, Teng W, Tong YP, Chen XP, Zou CQ. Phosphorus Efficiency Mechanisms of Two Wheat Cultivars as Affected by a Range of Phosphorus Levels in the Field. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1614. [PMID: 30459796 PMCID: PMC6232341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) efficiency includes both P acquisition efficiency (PAE) and internal P utilization efficiency (PUE). Despite substantial research, genotypic variation in PAE and PUE remains incompletely understood in the field. A 2-year field study was conducted to compare PAE and PUE and related morphological, physiological, and molecular root traits of two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. cv. SJZ8 and KN92) in response to six P application rates in a P-deficient calcareous soil. Both cultivars showed similar growth and yield potential at each P supply level, reaching optimal growth at the same P application rate of about 100 kg P ha-1. However, the two cultivars differed in how they achieved yield and P efficiency. As P supply increased for both cultivars, root dry weight (RDW), root length density, and expression of the phosphate transporter gene TaPHT1.2 in roots initially increased and then stabilized, but arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization, rhizosphere acid phosphatase activity, expressions of the P-starvation marker gene TaIPS1.1 and the purple acid phosphatase gene TaPAP16 in roots initially decreased and then stabilized. To enhance P acquisition when the P supply was deficient, KN92 modified the morphology of its roots, while SJZ8 increased the physiological activities in its roots. With an adequate P supply, high expression of TaPHT1.2 in roots might account for efficient P uptake for both cultivars, especially for KN92. Although P uptake per RDW was similar for both cultivars at anthesis, PAE was higher for KN92 than SJZ8 in terms of total P uptake in aboveground parts, whereas shoot and grain PUE were higher in SJZ8 than in KN92, mainly during the reproductive growth stage. These results indicate that P efficiency is under genotypic control at all P supply levels tested in both wheat cultivars, and that the two cultivars depend on different root strategies for P acquisition and utilization in response to changes in the P supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wan Teng
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Tong
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Shen Q, Wen Z, Dong Y, Li H, Miao Y, Shen J. The responses of root morphology and phosphorus-mobilizing exudations in wheat to increasing shoot phosphorus concentration. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply054. [PMID: 30338049 PMCID: PMC6185719 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adaptations of root growth and rhizosphere processes for soil phosphorus (P) acquisition have been investigated intensively in wheat (Triticum aestivum). However, only a few studies paid attention to these responses to shoot P status. This study aimed at investigating the responses of root morphology and P-mobilizing exudation to increasing shoot P concentration. A broad range of wheat shoot P concentrations (1.0-7.1 mg per g dry weight) was set up with 11 rates of P supply: 0-1200 mg P per kg soil. Root morphology and exudation parameters were measured after 37 days of plant growth. Shoot dry biomass reached a maximum when shoot P concentration was 4.63 mg per g dry weight. The maximum shoot P concentration for total root length, specific root length and the proportion of fine root (diameter ≤ 0.2 mm) length to total root length was 3 mg per g dry weight. Rhizosphere acidification was positively correlated with shoot P concentration when this was <5 mg per g dry weight. Shoot P concentration did not change acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere. Citrate concentration in the rhizosphere was suppressed by increasing shoot P concentration. In contrast, malate concentration in the rhizosphere showed a positive correlation with shoot P concentration. In conclusion, wheat root morphological and P-mobilizing exudation traits showed different behaviours with increasing P deficiency stress. Maintaining root biomass and length is the major strategy rather than root exudation for wheat to cope with extreme P deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Haigang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxin Miao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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28
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Grün A, Buchner P, Broadley MR, Hawkesford MJ, Thiel G. Identification and expression profiling of Pht1 phosphate transporters in wheat in controlled environments and in the field. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:374-389. [PMID: 29148171 PMCID: PMC5887882 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient with critical functions in plants. Phosphate (Pi) transporters, which mediate Pi acquisition and Pi translocation within the plant, are key factors in Pi deficiency responses. However, their relevance for adaptation to long-term Pi limitation under agronomic conditions, particularly in wheat, remains unknown. Here, we describe the identification of the complete Pi transporter gene family (Pht1) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Gene expression profiles were compared for hydroponic and field-grown plant tissues of wheat at multiple development stages. Cis-element analysis of selected Pht1 promoter regions was performed. A broad range of expression patterns of individual TaPht1 genes was observed in relation to tissue specificity and the nutrient supply in the soil or in liquid culture, as well as an influence of the experimental system. The expression patterns indicate the involvement of specific transporters in Pi uptake, and in Pi transport and remobilisation within the plant, at different growth developmental stages. Specifically, the influence of Pi nutrition indicates a complex regulatory pattern of TaPht1 gene transcript abundances as a response to low Pi availability in different culture systems, correlating with the existence of different cis-acting promoter elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Grün
- Plant Science DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - P. Buchner
- Plant Science DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | - M. R. Broadley
- Plant and Crop Science DivisionSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLoughboroughUK
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29
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Wang C, White PJ, Li C. Colonization and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize roots at different depths in the soil profile respond differently to phosphorus inputs on a long-term experimental site. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:369-381. [PMID: 28039601 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effects of soil depth and plant growth stages on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and community structure in maize roots and their potential contribution to host plant phosphorus (P) nutrition under different P-fertilizer inputs were studied. Research was conducted on a long-term field experiment over 3 years. AMF colonization was assessed by AM colonization rate and arbuscule abundances and their potential contribution to host P nutrition by intensity of fungal alkaline phosphatase (ALP)/acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and expressions of ZmPht1;6 and ZmCCD8a in roots from the topsoil and subsoil layer at different growth stages. AMF community structure was determined by specific amplification of 18S rDNA. Increasing P inputs up to 75-100 kg ha-1 yr-1 increased shoot biomass and P content but decreased AMF colonization and interactions between AMF and roots. AM colonization rate, intensity of fungal ACP/ALP activities, and expression of ZmPht1;6 in roots from the subsoil were greater than those from topsoil at elongation and silking but not at the dough stage when plants received adequate or excessive P inputs. Neither P input nor soil depth influenced the number of AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) present in roots, but P-fertilizer input, in particular, influenced community composition and relative AMF abundance. In conclusion, although increasing P inputs reduce AMF colonization and influence AMF community structure, AMF can potentially contribute to plant P nutrition even in well-fertilized soils, depending on the soil layer in which roots are located and the growth stage of host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Teng W, Zhao YY, Zhao XQ, He X, Ma WY, Deng Y, Chen XP, Tong YP. Genome-wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of PHT1 Phosphate Transporters in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:543. [PMID: 28443126 PMCID: PMC5386973 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The PHT1 family of phosphate (Pi) transporters mediates phosphorus (P) uptake and re-mobilization in plants. A genome-wide sequence analysis of PHT1 genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) was conducted, and their expression locations and responses to P availability were further investigated. We cloned 21 TaPHT1 genes from the homologous alleles at TaPHT1.1 to 1.10 through screening a BAC library and amplifying genomic sequences. The TaPHT1 transporters were clustered into five branches in the phylogenetic tree of PHT1 proteins, and the TaPHT1 genes from a given branch shared high similarities in sequences, expression locations, and responses to P availability. The seven tested PHT1 genes all showed Pi-transport activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells grown under both low Pi and high Pi conditions. The expression of TaPHT1.1/1.9, 1.2, and 1.10 were root specific. The expression of these TaPHT1 genes at flowering positively correlated with P uptake after stem elongation across three P application rates and two wheat varieties in a field experiment. Therefore, modification of PHT1 expression may improve P use efficiency in a broad regime of P availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Teng
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xue He
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Wen-Ying Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Xin-Ping Chen
- Research Center of Resource, Environment and Food Security, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Tong
- The State Key Laboratory for Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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31
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Jiao X, Lyu Y, Wu X, Li H, Cheng L, Zhang C, Yuan L, Jiang R, Jiang B, Rengel Z, Zhang F, Davies WJ, Shen J. Grain production versus resource and environmental costs: towards increasing sustainability of nutrient use in China. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4935-49. [PMID: 27489235 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, Chinese grain production has increased 4-fold, from 110 Mt in 1961 to 557 Mt in 2014, with less than 9% of the world's arable land feeding 22% of the world's population, indicating a substantial contribution to global food security. However, compared with developed economies, such as the USA and the European Union, more than half of the increased crop production in China can be attributed to a rapid increase in the consumption of chemicals, particularly fertilizers. Excessive fertilization has caused low nutrient use efficiency and high environmental costs in grain production. We analysed the key requirements underpinning increased sustainability of crop production in China, as follows: (i) enhance nutrient use efficiency and reduce nutrient losses by fertilizing roots not soil to maximize root/rhizosphere efficiency with innovative root zone nutrient management; (ii) improve crop productivity and resource use efficiency by matching the best agronomic management practices with crop improvement; and (iii) promote technology transfer of the root zone nutrient management to achieve the target of high yields and high efficiency with low environmental risks on a broad scale. Coordinating grain production and environmental protection by increasing the sustainability of nutrient use will be a key step in achieving sustainable crop production in Chinese agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Jiao
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Lyu
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaobin Wu
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haigang Li
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaochun Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rongfeng Jiang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baiwen Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, School of Earth and Environment, The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - William J Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, Department of Plant Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Saia S, Rappa V, Ruisi P, Abenavoli MR, Sunseri F, Giambalvo D, Frenda AS, Martinelli F. Soil inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms promotes plant growth and nutrient transporter genes expression in durum wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:815. [PMID: 26483827 PMCID: PMC4591488 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In a field experiment conducted in a Mediterranean area of inner Sicily, durum wheat was inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), or with both to evaluate their effects on nutrient uptake, plant growth, and the expression of key transporter genes involved in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake. These biotic associations were studied under either low N availability (unfertilized plots) and supplying the soil with an easily mineralizable organic fertilizer. Regardless of N fertilization, at the tillering stage, inoculation with AMF alone or in combination with PGPR increased the aboveground biomass yield compared to the uninoculated control. Inoculation with PGPR enhanced the aboveground biomass yield compared to the control, but only when N fertilizer was added. At the heading stage, inoculation with all microorganisms increased the aboveground biomass and N. Inoculation with PGPR and AMF+PGPR resulted in significantly higher aboveground P compared to the control and inoculation with AMF only when organic N was applied. The role of microbe inoculation in N uptake was elucidated by the expression of nitrate transporter genes. NRT1.1, NRT2, and NAR2.2 were significantly upregulated by inoculation with AMF and AMF+PGPR in the absence of organic N. A significant down-regulation of the same genes was observed when organic N was added. The ammonium (NH4 (+)) transporter genes AMT1.2 showed an expression pattern similar to that of the NO3 (-) transporters. Finally, in the absence of organic N, the transcript abundance of P transporters Pht1 and PT2-1 was increased by inoculation with AMF+PGPR, and inoculation with AMF upregulated Pht2 compared to the uninoculated control. These results indicate the soil inoculation with AMF and PGPR (alone or in combination) as a valuable option for farmers to improve yield, nutrient uptake, and the sustainability of the agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Saia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
- Fondazione A. e S. Lima Mancuso, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Vito Rappa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio CalabriaReggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio CalabriaReggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Dario Giambalvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso S. Frenda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Federico Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
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Metabolomics Suggests That Soil Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Decreased Free Amino Acid Content in Roots of Durum Wheat Grown under N-Limited, P-Rich Field Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129591. [PMID: 26067663 PMCID: PMC4466249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a major impact on plant nutrition, defence against pathogens, a plant’s reaction to stressful environments, soil fertility, and a plant’s relationship with other microorganisms. Such effects imply a broad reprogramming of the plant’s metabolic activity. However, little information is available regarding the role of AMF and their relation to other soil plant growth—promoting microorganisms in the plant metabolome, especially under realistic field conditions. In the present experiment, we evaluated the effects of inoculation with AMF, either alone or in combination with plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), on the metabolome and changes in metabolic pathways in the roots of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown under N-limited agronomic conditions in a P-rich environment. These two treatments were compared to infection by the natural AMF population (NAT). Soil inoculation with AMF almost doubled wheat root colonization by AMF and decreased the root concentrations of most compounds in all metabolic pathways, especially amino acids (AA) and saturated fatty acids, whereas inoculation with AMF+PGPR increased the concentrations of such compounds compared to inoculation with AMF alone. Enrichment metabolomics analyses showed that AA metabolic pathways were mostly changed by the treatments, with reduced amination activity in roots most likely due to a shift from the biosynthesis of common AA to γ-amino butyric acid. The root metabolome differed between AMF and NAT but not AMF+PGPR and AMF or NAT. Because the PGPR used were potent mineralisers, and AMF can retain most nitrogen (N) taken as organic compounds for their own growth, it is likely that this result was due to an increased concentration of mineral N in soil inoculated with AMF+PGPR compared to AMF alone.
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Nie Z, Hu C, Liu H, Tan Q, Sun X. Differential expression of molybdenum transport and assimilation genes between two winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 82:27-33. [PMID: 24880579 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential trace element for higher plants. Winter wheat cultivar 97003 has a higher Mo efficiency than 97014 under Mo-deficiency stress. Mo efficiency is related to Mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in plants. Several genes are involved in regulating Mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in plants. To obtain a better understanding of the aforementioned difference in Mo uptake, we have conducted a hydroponic trail to investigate the expression of genes related to Mo uptake, transfer and assimilation in the above two cultivars. The results indicate a closed relationship between Mo uptake and TaSultr5.1, TaSultr5.2 and TaCnx1 expression, according to a stepwise regression analysis of the time course of Mo uptake in the two cultivars. Meanwhile, expression of TaSultr5.2 in roots also showed a positive relationship with Mo uptake rates. 97003 had stronger Mo uptake than 97014 at low Mo-application rates (less than 1 μmol Mo L(-1)) due to the higher expression of TaSultr5.2, TaSultr5.1 and TaCnx1 in roots. On the contrary, Mo uptake of 97003 was weaker than 97014 at high Mo application rates (ranging from 5 to 20 μmol Mo L(-1)), which was related to significant down-regulation of TaSultr5.2 and TaCnx1 genes in roots of 97003 compared to 97014. Therefore, we speculated that the differential-expression intensities of TaSultr5.2, TaSultr5.1 and TaCnx1 could be the cause of the difference in Mo uptake between the two winter wheat cultivars at low and high Mo application levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Nie
- Micro-element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Micro-element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongen Liu
- Micro-element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Micro-element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Micro-element Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Talboys PJ, Healey JR, Withers PJA, Jones DL. Phosphate depletion modulates auxin transport in Triticum aestivum leading to altered root branching. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:5023-32. [PMID: 25086590 PMCID: PMC4144783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which nutritional signals impact upon root system architecture is a key facet in the drive for greater nutrient application efficiency in agricultural systems. Cereal plants reduce their rate of lateral root emergence under inorganic phosphate (Pi) shortage; this study uses molecular and pharmacological techniques to dissect this Pi response in Triticum aestivum. Plants were grown in coarse sand washed in high- or low-Pi nutrient solution before being assessed for their root branching density and expression of AUX/IAA and PIN genes. Seedlings were also grown on media containing [(14)C]indole acetic acid to measure basipetal auxin transport. Seedlings grown in low-Pi environments displayed less capacity to transport auxin basipetally from the seminal root apex, a reduction in root expression of PIN auxin transporter genes, and perturbed expression of a range of AUX/IAA auxin response genes. Given the known importance of basipetally transported auxin in stimulating lateral root initiation, it is proposed here that, in T. aestivum, Pi availability directly influences lateral root production through modulation of PIN expression. Understanding such processes is important in the drive for greater efficiency in crop use of Pi fertilizers in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Talboys
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - John R Healey
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Paul J A Withers
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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Talboys PJ, Owen DW, Healey JR, Withers PJA, Jones DL. Auxin secretion by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 both stimulates root exudation and limits phosphorus uptake in Triticum aestivium. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:51. [PMID: 24558978 PMCID: PMC4015440 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of auxin-producing rhizosphere bacteria as agricultural products promises increased root production and therefore greater phosphate (Pi) uptake. Whilst such bacteria promote root production in vitro, the nature of the bacteria-plant interaction in live soil, particularly concerning any effects on nutrient uptake, are not known. This study uses Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, an auxin-producing rhizobacterium, as a dressing on Triticum aestivium seeds. It then examines the effects on root production, Pi uptake, Pi-related gene expression and organic carbon (C) exudation. RESULTS Seed treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 increased root production at low environmental Pi concentrations, but significantly repressed root Pi uptake. This coincided with an auxin-mediated reduction in expression of the Pi transporters TaPHT1.8 and TaPHT1.10. Applied exogenous auxin also triggered an increase in root C exudation. At high external Pi concentrations, root production was promoted by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, but Pi uptake was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, alongside promoting root production, auxin biosynthesis by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 both re-models Pi transporter expression and elevates organic C exudation. This shows the potential importance of rhizobacterial-derived auxin following colonisation of root surfaces, and the nature of this bacteria-plant interaction in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Talboys
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Darren W Owen
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - John R Healey
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Paul JA Withers
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
| | - David L Jones
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, UK
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