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Ye X, Deng Q, Xu S, Huang Y, Wei D, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang H, Tang Q. CsSPL13A directly binds and positively regulates CsFT and CsBAM to accelerate flowering in cucumber. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108395. [PMID: 38290342 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Flowering is an important developmental transition that greatly affects the yield of many vegetable crops. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus), flowering is regulated by various factors including squamosa promoter-binding-like (SPL) family proteins. However, the role of CsSPL genes in cucumber flowering remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned the squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 13A (CsSPL13A) gene, which encodes a highly conserved SBP-domain protein that acts as a transcription factor and localizes to the nucleus. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CsSPL13A was mainly expressed in flowers, and its expression level increased significantly nearing the flowering stage. Additionally, compared with the wild type(WT), CsSPL13A-overexpressing transgenic cucumber plants (CsSPL13A-OE) showed considerable differences in flowering phenotypes, such as early flowering, increased number of male flowers, and longer flower stalks. CsSPL13A upregulated the expression of the flowering integrator gene Flowering Locus T (CsFT) and the sugar-mediated flowering gene β-amylase (CsBAM) in cucumber. Yeast one-hybrid and firefly enzyme reporter assays confirmed that the CsSPL13A protein could directly bind to the promoters of CsFT and CsBAM, suggesting that CsSPL13A works together with CsFT and CsBAM to mediate flowering in cucumber. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the regulatory network of flowering in cucumber as well as new ideas for the genetic improvement of cucumber varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ye
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qinlin Deng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shicheng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yifang Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Hebing Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Li M, Chen X, Huang W, Wu K, Bai Y, Guo D, Guo C, Shu Y. Comprehensive Identification of the β-Amylase (BAM) Gene Family in Response to Cold Stress in White Clover. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:154. [PMID: 38256708 PMCID: PMC10820397 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an allopolyploid plant and an excellent perennial legume forage. However, white clover is subjected to various stresses during its growth, with cold stress being one of the major limiting factors affecting its growth and development. Beta-amylase (BAM) is an important starch-hydrolyzing enzyme that plays a significant role in starch degradation and responses to environmental stress. In this study, 21 members of the BAM gene family were identified in the white clover genome. A phylogenetic analysis using BAMs from Arabidopsis divided TrBAMs into four groups based on sequence similarity. Through analysis of conserved motifs, gene duplication, synteny analysis, and cis-acting elements, a deeper understanding of the structure and evolution of TrBAMs in white clover was gained. Additionally, a gene regulatory network (GRN) containing TrBAMs was constructed; gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis revealed close interactions between TrBAMs and AMY (α-amylase) and DPE (4-alpha-glucanotransferase). To determine the function of TrBAMs under various tissues and stresses, RNA-seq datasets were analyzed, showing that most TrBAMs were significantly upregulated in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and the highest expression in leaves. These results were validated through qRT-PCR experiments, indicating their involvement in multiple gene regulatory pathways responding to cold stress. This study provides new insights into the structure, evolution, and function of the white clover BAM gene family, laying the foundation for further exploration of the functional mechanisms through which TrBAMs respond to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Xiuhua Chen
- International Agriculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
| | - Wangqi Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture, Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Laboratory, Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China;
| | - Kaiyue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Yan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Donglin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Changhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Yongjun Shu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; (M.L.); (D.G.); (C.G.)
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Yang T, Li H, Li L, Wei W, Huang Y, Xiong F, Wei M. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of α-amylase and β-amylase genes underlying drought tolerance in cassava. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:190. [PMID: 37024797 PMCID: PMC10080747 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch hydrolysates are energy sources for plant growth and development, regulate osmotic pressure and transmit signals in response to both biological and abiotic stresses. The α-amylase (AMY) and the β-amylase (BAM) are important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of plant starch. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is treated as one of the most drought-tolerant crops. However, the mechanisms of how AMY and BAM respond to drought in cassava are still unknown. RESULTS Six MeAMY genes and ten MeBAM genes were identified and characterized in the cassava genome. Both MeAMY and MeBAM gene families contain four genes with alternative splicing. Tandem and fragment replications play important roles in the amplification of MeAMY and MeBAM genes. Both MeBAM5 and MeBAM10 have a BZR1/BES1 domain at the N-terminus, which may have transcription factor functions. The promoter regions of MeAMY and MeBAM genes contain a large number of cis-acting elements related to abiotic stress. MeAMY1, MeAMY2, MeAMY5, and MeBAM3 are proven as critical genes in response to drought stress according to their expression patterns under drought. The starch content, soluble sugar content, and amylase activity were significantly altered in cassava under different levels of drought stress. CONCLUSIONS These results provide fundamental knowledge for not only further exploring the starch metabolism functions of cassava under drought stress but also offering new perspectives for understanding the mechanism of how cassava survives and develops under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyi Yang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hengrui Li
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532406, China
| | - Liangwu Li
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wanling Wei
- Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Sciences Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532406, China
| | - Yuanhang Huang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Faqian Xiong
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Maogui Wei
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhu J, Khan M, Wang Y, Xiao W, Fang T, Qu J, Xiao P, Li C, Liu JH. Transcription factors ABF4 and ABR1 synergistically regulate amylase-mediated starch catabolism in drought tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:591-609. [PMID: 36102815 PMCID: PMC9806598 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Amylase (BAM)-mediated starch degradation is a main source of soluble sugars that help plants adapt to environmental stresses. Here, we demonstrate that dehydration-induced expression of PtrBAM3 in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.) functions positively in drought tolerance via modulation of starch catabolism. Two transcription factors, PtrABF4 (P. trifoliata abscisic acid-responsive element-binding factor 4) and PtrABR1 (P. trifoliata ABA repressor 1), were identified as upstream transcriptional activators of PtrBAM3 through yeast one-hybrid library screening and protein-DNA interaction assays. Both PtrABF4 and PtrABR1 played a positive role in plant drought tolerance by modulating soluble sugar accumulation derived from BAM3-mediated starch decomposition. In addition, PtrABF4 could directly regulate PtrABR1 expression by binding to its promoter, leading to a regulatory cascade to reinforce the activation of PtrBAM3. Moreover, PtrABF4 physically interacted with PtrABR1 to form a protein complex that further promoted the transcriptional regulation of PtrBAM3. Taken together, our finding reveals that a transcriptional cascade composed of ABF4 and ABR1 works synergistically to upregulate BAM3 expression and starch catabolism in response to drought condition. The results shed light on the understanding of the regulatory molecular mechanisms underlying BAM-mediated soluble sugar accumulation for rendering drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Madiha Khan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tian Fang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Harding SA, Tuma TT, Aulakh K, Ortega MA, Ci D, Ou Y, Tsai CJ. Tonoplast Sucrose Trafficking Modulates Starch Utilization and Water Deficit Behavior in Poplar Leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1117-1129. [PMID: 35727111 PMCID: PMC9381566 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf osmotic adjustment by the active accrual of compatible organic solutes (e.g. sucrose) contributes to drought tolerance throughout the plant kingdom. In Populus tremula x alba, PtaSUT4 encodes a tonoplast sucrose-proton symporter, whose downregulation by chronic mild drought or transgenic manipulation is known to increase leaf sucrose and turgor. While this may constitute a single drought tolerance mechanism, we now report that other adjustments which can occur during a worsening water deficit are damped when PtaSUT4 is constitutively downregulated. Specifically, we report that starch use and leaf relative water content (RWC) dynamics were compromised when plants with constitutively downregulated PtaSUT4 were subjected to a water deficit. Leaf RWC decreased more in wild-type and vector control lines than in transgenic PtaSUT4-RNAi (RNA-interference) or CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) knockout (KO) lines. The control line RWC decrease was accompanied by increased PtaSUT4 transcript levels and a mobilization of sucrose from the mesophyll-enriched leaf lamina into the midvein. The findings suggest that changes in SUT4 expression can increase turgor or decrease RWC as different tolerance mechanisms to reduced water availability. Evidence is presented that PtaSUT4-mediated sucrose partitioning between the vacuole and the cytosol is important not only for overall sucrose abundance and turgor, but also for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant dynamics. Interestingly, the reduced capacity for accelerated starch breakdown under worsening water-deficit conditions was correlated with reduced ROS in the RNAi and KO lines. A role for PtaSUT4 in the orchestration of ROS, antioxidant, starch utilization and RWC dynamics during water stress and its importance in trees especially, with their high hydraulic resistances, is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor T Tuma
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kavita Aulakh
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Maria A Ortega
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong Ci
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongbin Ou
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Jacomassi LM, Viveiros JDO, Oliveira MP, Momesso L, de Siqueira GF, Crusciol CAC. A Seaweed Extract-Based Biostimulant Mitigates Drought Stress in Sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865291. [PMID: 35574093 PMCID: PMC9096543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses responsible for reduced crop yields. Drought stress induces morphological and physiological changes in plants and severely impacts plant metabolism due to cellular oxidative stress, even in C4 crops, such as sugarcane. Seaweed extract-based biostimulants can mitigate negative plant responses caused by drought stress. However, the effects of foliar application of such biostimulants on sugarcane exposed to drought stress, particularly on plant metabolism, stalk and sugar yields, juice purity, and sugarcane technological quality, have received little attention. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of a seaweed extract-based biostimulant on late-harvest sugarcane during the driest period of the year. Three experiments were implemented in commercial sugarcane fields in Brazil in the 2018 (site 1), 2019 (site 2), and 2020 (site 3) harvest seasons. The treatments consisted of the application and no application of seaweed extract (SWE) as a foliar biostimulant in June (sites 2 and 3) or July (site 1). The treatments were applied to the fourth ratoon of sugarcane variety RB855536 at site 1 and the fifth and third ratoons of sugarcane variety SP803290 at sites 2 and 3, respectively. SWE was applied at a dose of 500 ml a.i. ha-1 in a water volume of 100 L ha-1. SWE mitigated the negative effects of drought stress and increased stalk yield per hectare by up to 3.08 Mg ha-1. In addition, SWE increased stalk sucrose accumulation, resulting in an increase in sugar yield of 3.4 kg Mg-1 per hectare and higher industrial quality of the raw material. In SWE-treated plants, Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased. Leaf analysis showed that SWE application efficiently improved metabolic activity, as evidenced by a decrease in carbohydrate reserve levels in leaves and an increase in total sugars. By positively stabilizing the plant's cellular redox balance, SWE increased biomass production, resulting in an increase in energy generation. Thus, foliar SWE application can alleviate drought stress while enhancing sugarcane development, stalk yield, sugar production, and plant physiological and enzymatic processes.
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David LC, Lee SK, Bruderer E, Abt MR, Fischer-Stettler M, Tschopp MA, Solhaug EM, Sanchez K, Zeeman SC. BETA-AMYLASE9 is a plastidial nonenzymatic regulator of leaf starch degradation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:191-207. [PMID: 34662400 PMCID: PMC8774843 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
β-Amylases (BAMs) are key enzymes of transitory starch degradation in chloroplasts, a process that buffers the availability of photosynthetically fixed carbon over the diel cycle to maintain energy levels and plant growth at night. However, during vascular plant evolution, the BAM gene family diversified, giving rise to isoforms with different compartmentation and biological activities. Here, we characterized BETA-AMYLASE 9 (BAM9) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Among the BAMs, BAM9 is most closely related to BAM4 but is more widely conserved in plants. BAM9 and BAM4 share features including their plastidial localization and lack of measurable α-1,4-glucan hydrolyzing capacity. BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype. Although bam9 single mutants resemble the wild-type (WT), genetic experiments reveal that the loss of BAM9 markedly enhances the starch-excess phenotypes of mutants already impaired in starch degradation. Thus, BAM9 also regulates starch breakdown, but in a different way. Interestingly, BAM9 gene expression is responsive to several environmental changes, while that of BAM4 is not. Furthermore, overexpression of BAM9 in the WT reduced leaf starch content, but overexpression in bam4 failed to complement fully that mutant's starch-excess phenotype, suggesting that BAM9 and BAM4 are not redundant. We propose that BAM9 activates starch degradation, helping to manage carbohydrate availability in response to fluctuations in environmental conditions. As such, BAM9 represents an interesting gene target to explore in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure C David
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Bruderer
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Melanie R Abt
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Fischer-Stettler
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Aude Tschopp
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Erik M Solhaug
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Sanchez
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8092, Switzerland
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8
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Zhu H, Yang X, Wang X, Li Q, Guo J, Ma T, Zhao C, Tang Y, Qiao L, Wang J, Sui J. The sweetpotato β-amylase gene IbBAM1.1 enhances drought and salt stress resistance by regulating ROS homeostasis and osmotic balance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:167-176. [PMID: 34634642 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stressors, such as drought and high salinity, seriously affect plant growth, productivity, and quality. Maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and osmotic balance plays a crucial role in abiotic stress tolerance. β-amylase (BAM) hydrolyzes α-1,4-glycosidic bonds by releasing maltose from starch in the regulation of soluble sugars. However, the function and mechanism of BAMs related to abiotic stress resistance remain unclear in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). In this study, we isolated a novel β-amylase gene IbBAM1.1, which was strongly induced by PEG6000, NaCl, and maltose treatments in sweetpotato variety Yanshu25. Overexpression of IbBAM1.1 conferred enhanced tolerance to the drought and high salinity stressors in Arabidopsis thaliana. The activity of β-amylase and the degradation of starch were promoted under drought or salt stress. Accordingly, the contents of osmoprotectants, including maltose and proline were significantly higher in the transgenic lines than those in wild type (WT) plants. Less ROS, such as H2O2 and O2-, accumulated in the overexpressing lines than in WT plants. Superoxide dismutase activity was strongly enhanced and the level of malondialdehyde was lower under the drought or salt treatment in transgenic plants. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IbBAM1.1 acted as a positive regulator, at least in part, by regulating the level of osmoprotectants to balance the osmotic pressure and activate the scavenging system to maintain ROS homeostasis in the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xue Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiyan Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiayu Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tao Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chunmei Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lixian Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jingshan Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jiongming Sui
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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9
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Zhang DL, Wang Y, Jia BC, Tian XQ, Chu J, Yin HB, Jameson PE, Chen SH, Guo SL. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the β-Amylase Gene Family in Chenopodium quinoa. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:936-948. [PMID: 34042512 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amylase (BAM) is an important starch hydrolase, playing a role in a variety of plant growth and development processes. In this study, 22 BAM gene family members (GFMs) were identified in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), an ancient crop gaining modern consumer acceptance because of its nutritional qualities. The genetic structure, phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of CqBAM GFMs in different tissues, were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses assigned the CqBAMs, AtBAMs, and OsBAMs into four clades. The CqBAM gene family had expanded due to segmental duplication. RNA-seq analysis revealed expression of the duplicated pairs to be similar, with the expression of CqBAM GFM pairs showing a degree of tissue specificity that was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Several CqBAM GFMs were also responsive to abiotic stresses in shoots and/or roots. In conclusion, the BAM gene family in quinoa was identified and systematically analyzed using bioinformatics and experimental methods. These results will help to elucidate the evolutionary relationship and biological functions of the BAM gene family in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bing-Chen Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Paula E Jameson
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shi-Hua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Shan-Li Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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10
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Liang G, He H, Nai G, Feng L, Li Y, Zhou Q, Ma Z, Yue Y, Chen B, Mao J. Genome-wide identification of BAM genes in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and ectopic expression of VvBAM1 modulating soluble sugar levels to improve low-temperature tolerance in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33771117 PMCID: PMC8004407 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature (LT) is one of the main limiting factors that affect growth and development in grape. Increasing soluble sugar and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in grapevine resistance to cold stress. However, the mechanism of β-amylase (BAM) involved in the regulation of sugar levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in response to cold stress is unclear. RESULTS In this study, six BAM genes were identified and clustered into four groups. Multiple sequence alignment and gene structure analysis showed that VvBAM6 lacked the Glu380 residue and contained only an exon. The transcript abundance of VvBAM1 and VvBAM3 significantly increased as temperature decreased. After LT stress, VvBAM1 was highly expressed in the leaves, petioles, stems, and roots of overexpressing tomato lines. The total amylase and BAM activities increased by 6.5- and 6.01-fold in transgenic plants compared with those in wild-type tomato plants (WT) subjected to LT, respectively. The glucose and sucrose contents in transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in WT plants, whereas the starch contents in the former decreased by 1.5-fold compared with those in the latter under LT stress. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing data revealed that 541 genes were upregulated, and 663 genes were downregulated in transgenic plants. One sugar transporter protein gene (SlSTP10), two peroxidase (POD)-related genes (SlPER7 and SlPER5), and one catalase (CAT)-related gene (SlCAT1) were upregulated by 8.6-, 3.6-, 3.0-, and 2.3-fold in transgenic plants after LT stress, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that VvBAM1 overexpression promotes ROS scavenging and improves cold tolerance ability by modulating starch hydrolysis to affect soluble sugar levels in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghong He
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojie Nai
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lidan Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yoshida T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Metabolic engineering: Towards water deficiency adapted crop plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 258-259:153375. [PMID: 33609854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water deficiency caused by drought is one of the severe environmental conditions limiting plant growth, development, and yield. In this review article, we will summarize the changes in transcription, metabolism, and phytohormones under drought stress conditions and show the key transcription factors in these processes. We will also highlight the recent attempts to enhance stress tolerance without growth retardation and discuss the perspective on the development of stress adapted crops by engineering transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yoshida
- Max-Planck-Institut Für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-8657, Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 156-8502, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Cao X, Shen Q, Ma S, Liu L, Cheng J. Physiological and PIP Transcriptional Responses to Progressive Soil Water Deficit in Three Mulberry Cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1310. [PMID: 32983200 PMCID: PMC7488926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although mulberry cultivars Wubu, Yu711, and 7307 display distinct anatomical, morphological, and agronomic characteristics under natural conditions, it remains unclear if they differ in drought tolerance. To address this question and elucidate the underlying regulatory mechanisms at the whole-plant level, 2-month old saplings of the three mulberry cultivars were exposed to progressive soil water deficit for 5 days. The physiological responses and transcriptional changes of PIPs in different plant tissues were analyzed. Drought stress led to reduced leaf relative water content (RWC) and tissue water contents, differentially expressed PIPs, decreased chlorophyll and starch, increased soluble sugars and free proline, and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes in all plant parts of the three cultivars. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 •-), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were significantly declined in roots, stimulated in leaves but unaltered in wood and bark. In contrast, except the roots of 7307, soluble proteins were repressed in roots and leaves but induced in wood and bark of the three cultivars in response to progressive water deficit. These results revealed tissue-specific drought stress responses in mulberry. Comparing to cultivar Yu711 and 7307, Wubu showed generally slighter changes in leaf RWC and tissue water contents at day 2, corresponding well to the steady PIP transcript levels, foliar concentrations of chlorophyll, O2 •-, MDA, and free proline. At day 5, Wubu sustained higher tissue water contents in green tissues, displayed stronger responsiveness of PIP transcription, lower concentrations of soluble sugars and starch, lower foliar MDA, higher proline and soluble proteins, higher ROS accumulation and enhanced activities of several antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicate that whole-plant level responses of PIP transcription, osmoregulation through proline and soluble proteins and antioxidative protection are important mechanisms for mulberry to cope with drought stress. These traits play significant roles in conferring the relatively higher drought tolerance of cultivar Wubu and could be potentially useful for future mulberry improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qiudi Shen
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sang Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jialing Cheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Areas, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China
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13
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Hong Y, Ni SJ, Zhang GP. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals regulatory networks and key genes controlling barley malting quality in responses to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:1-11. [PMID: 32361397 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Malting quality will be greatly deteriorated when barley plants suffer from post-anthesis drought stress, however there is a marked difference among barley genotypes in the responses of malting quality to drought stress, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the genotypic difference remain unclear. We made transcriptome and metabolome analysis on the developing grains of two barley genotypes differing in the responses to drought stress. Post-anthesis drought treatments led to decreased grain weight and β-glucan content, increased grain protein content and β-amylase activity. Drought stress enhanced H2O2 and heat-shock protein accumulation in the two barley genotypes, with the drought-tolerant genotype showing higher capacity of scavenging H2O2 and reducing misfolded protein accumulation than the drought-susceptible genotype. Moreover, the drought-tolerant genotype was more efficient in redistributing assimilates stored in the vegetative tissues into the developing grains. After re-watering to relieve drought stress, the drought-tolerant genotype can further modify auxin transport and ethylene signaling, enhancing redistribution of assimilates into grains. Transcriptome comparisons and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified some key genes regulating the responses of malting quality traits to drought stress, such as RLK-LRR, β-glucosidase and HSP . In conclusion, less change of main malting quality traits in the drought-tolerant genotype under post-anthesis drought stress is attributed to its higher capacity of alleviating the stress injury through scavenging ROS and redistributing the metabolites stored in the vegetative organs into the developing grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hong
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Jing Ni
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhang
- Agronomy Department, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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14
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Fu L, Wang P, Xiong Y. Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Plant Stress Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1613-1623. [PMID: 31949028 PMCID: PMC7140942 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is an atypical Ser/Thr protein kinase that is evolutionally conserved among yeasts, plants, and mammals. In plants, TOR signaling functions as a central hub to integrate different kinds of nutrient, energy, hormone, and environmental signals. TOR thereby orchestrates every stage of plant life, from embryogenesis, meristem activation, root, and leaf growth to flowering, senescence, and life span determination. Besides its essential role in the control of plant growth and development, recent research has also shed light on its multifaceted roles in plant environmental stress responses. Here, we review recent findings on the involvement of TOR signaling in plant adaptation to nutrient deficiency and various abiotic stresses. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying how plants cope with such unfavorable conditions via TOR-abscisic acid crosstalk and TOR-mediated autophagy, both of which play crucial roles in plant stress responses. Until now, little was known about the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of TOR in plant stress responses. We propose that the Snf1-related protein kinase-TOR axis plays a role in sensing various stress signals, and predict the key downstream effectors based on recent high-throughput proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Fu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Centre, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Shanghai Centre for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Centre, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian Province 350002, People's Republic of China
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15
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Boxall SF, Kadu N, Dever LV, Kneřová J, Waller JL, Gould PJD, Hartwell J. Kalanchoë PPC1 Is Essential for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and the Regulation of Core Circadian Clock and Guard Cell Signaling Genes. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1136-1160. [PMID: 32051209 PMCID: PMC7145507 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Unlike C3 plants, Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants fix CO2 in the dark using phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC; EC 4.1.1.31). PPC combines phosphoenolpyruvate with CO2 (as HCO3 -), forming oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is converted to malate, leading to malic acid accumulation in the vacuole, which peaks at dawn. During the light period, malate decarboxylation concentrates CO2 around Rubisco for secondary fixation. CAM mutants lacking PPC have not been described. Here, we employed RNA interference to silence the CAM isogene PPC1 in Kalanchoë laxiflora Line rPPC1-B lacked PPC1 transcripts, PPC activity, dark period CO2 fixation, and nocturnal malate accumulation. Light period stomatal closure was also perturbed, and the plants displayed reduced but detectable dark period stomatal conductance and arrhythmia of the CAM CO2 fixation circadian rhythm under constant light and temperature free-running conditions. By contrast, the rhythm of delayed fluorescence was enhanced in plants lacking PPC1 Furthermore, a subset of gene transcripts within the central circadian oscillator was upregulated and oscillated robustly in this line. The regulation of guard cell genes involved in controlling stomatal movements was also perturbed in rPPC1-B These findings provide direct evidence that the regulatory patterns of key guard cell signaling genes are linked with the characteristic inverse pattern of stomatal opening and closing during CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna F Boxall
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Nirja Kadu
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa V Dever
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Kneřová
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jade L Waller
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J D Gould
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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16
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Yang Y, Dong A, Zenda T, Liu S, Liu X, Wang Y, Li J, Duan H. DIA (Data Independent Acquisition) proteomic based study on maize filling-kernel stage drought stress-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1827981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Yang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Anyi Dong
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Tinashe Zenda
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Songtao Liu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
| | - Huijun Duan
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of the Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, PR China
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17
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Liang Y, Kang K, Gan L, Ning S, Xiong J, Song S, Xi L, Lai S, Yin Y, Gu J, Xiang J, Li S, Wang B, Li M. Drought-responsive genes, late embryogenesis abundant group3 (LEA3) and vicinal oxygen chelate, function in lipid accumulation in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis mainly via enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing ROS. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:2123-2142. [PMID: 30972883 PMCID: PMC6790364 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought is an abiotic stress that affects plant growth, and lipids are the main economic factor in the agricultural production of oil crops. However, the molecular mechanisms of drought response function in lipid metabolism remain little known. In this study, overexpression (OE) of different copies of the drought response genes LEA3 and VOC enhanced both drought tolerance and oil content in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, seed size, membrane stability and seed weight were also improved in OE lines. In contrast, oil content and drought tolerance were decreased in the AtLEA3 mutant (atlea3) and AtVOC-RNAi of Arabidopsis and in both BnLEA-RNAi and BnVOC-RNAi B. napus RNAi lines. Hybrids between two lines with increased or reduced expression (LEA3-OE with VOC-OE, atlea3 with AtVOC-RNAi) showed corresponding stronger trends in drought tolerance and lipid metabolism. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed the mechanisms of drought response gene function in lipid accumulation and drought tolerance. Gene networks involved in fatty acid (FA) synthesis and FA degradation were up- and down-regulated in OE lines, respectively. Key genes in the photosynthetic system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were up-regulated in OE lines and down-regulated in atlea3 and AtVOC-RNAi lines, including LACS9, LIPASE1, PSAN, LOX2 and SOD1. Further analysis of photosynthetic and ROS enzymatic activities confirmed that the drought response genes LEA3 and VOC altered lipid accumulation mainly via enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing ROS. The present study provides a novel way to improve lipid accumulation in plants, especially in oil production crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lu Gan
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | - Shaobo Ning
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinye Xiong
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuyao Song
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lingzhi Xi
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Senying Lai
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yongtai Yin
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianwei Gu
- Hubei Research Institute of New Socialist Countryside DevelopmentHubei Engineering UniversityXiaoganChina
| | - Jun Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive UtilizationHubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie MountainsHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Shisheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive UtilizationHubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie MountainsHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Baoshan Wang
- College of Life ScienceShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive UtilizationHubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie MountainsHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina
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18
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Elucidating Drought Stress Tolerance in European Oaks Through Cross-Species Transcriptomics. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3181-3199. [PMID: 31395652 PMCID: PMC6778798 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impact of climate change that comes with a dramatic increase of long periods of extreme summer drought associated with heat is a fundamental challenge for European forests. As a result, forests are expected to shift their distribution patterns toward north-east, which may lead to a dramatic loss in value of European forest land. Consequently, unraveling key processes that underlie drought stress tolerance is not only of great scientific but also of utmost economic importance for forests to withstand future heat and drought wave scenarios. To reveal drought stress-related molecular patterns we applied cross-species comparative transcriptomics of three major European oak species: the less tolerant deciduous pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), the deciduous but quite tolerant pubescent oak (Q. pubescens), and the very tolerant evergreen holm oak (Q. ilex). We found 415, 79, and 222 differentially expressed genes during drought stress in Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex, respectively, indicating species-specific response mechanisms. Further, by comparative orthologous gene family analysis, 517 orthologous genes could be characterized that may play an important role in drought stress adaptation on the genus level. New regulatory candidate pathways and genes in the context of drought stress response were identified, highlighting the importance of the antioxidant capacity, the mitochondrial respiration machinery, the lignification of the water transport system, and the suppression of drought-induced senescence - providing a valuable knowledge base that could be integrated in breeding programs in the face of climate change.
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19
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Dong S, Beckles DM. Dynamic changes in the starch-sugar interconversion within plant source and sink tissues promote a better abiotic stress response. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 234-235:80-93. [PMID: 30685652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Starch is a significant store of sugars, and the starch-sugar interconversion in source and sink tissues plays a profound physiological role in all plants. In this review, we discuss how changes in starch metabolism can facilitate adaptive changes in source-sink carbon allocation for protection against environmental stresses. The stress-related roles of starch are described, and published mechanisms by which starch metabolism responds to short- or long-term water deficit, salinity, or extreme temperatures are discussed. Numerous examples of starch metabolism as a stress response are also provided, focusing on studies where carbohydrates and cognate enzymes were assayed in source, sink, or both. We develop a model that integrates these findings with the theoretical and known roles of sugars and starch in various species, tissues, and developmental stages. In this model, localized starch degradation into sugars is vital to the plant cold stress response, with the sugars produced providing osmoprotection. In contrast, high starch accumulation is prominent under salinity stress, and is associated with higher assimilate allocation from source to sink. Our model explains how starch-sugar interconversion can be a convergent point for regulating carbon use in stress tolerance at the whole-plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Dong
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Diane M Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Zhao L, Gong X, Gao J, Dong H, Zhang S, Tao S, Huang X. Transcriptomic and evolutionary analyses of white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) β-amylase genes reveals their importance for cold and drought stress responses. Gene 2018; 689:102-113. [PMID: 30576803 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-amylase (BAM) genes play essential roles in plant abiotic stress responses. Although the genome of Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) has recently been made available, knowledge regarding the BAM family in pear, including gene function, evolutionary history and patterns of gene expression remains limited. In this study, we identified 17 PbBAMs in the pear genome. Of these, 12 PbBAM members were mapped onto 9 chromosomes and 5 PbBAM genes were located on scaffold contigs. Based on gene structure, protein motif analysis, and the topology of the phylogenetic tree of the PbBAM family, we classified member genes into 4 groups. All PbBAM genes were found to contain typical glycosyl hydrolysis 14 domain motifs. Interfamilial comparisons revealed that the phylogenetic relationships of BAM genes in other Rosaceae species were similar those found in pear. We also found that whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication events played critical roles in the expansion of the BAM family. Next, we used transcriptomic data to study gene expression during the response of drought and low temperate responses, and found that genes in Group B were related to drought and cold stress. We identified four PbBAM genes associated with abiotic stress in Pear. Finally, by analyzing co-expression networks and co-regulatory genes, we found that PbBAM1a and PbBAM1b were associated with the pear abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Xin Gong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Junzhi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Huizhen Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China, 210095.
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21
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Wu W, Yan Y. Chloroplast proteome analysis of Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing TERF1 under drought stress condition. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2018; 59:26. [PMID: 30374844 PMCID: PMC6206318 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloroplast is indispensable for plant response to environmental stresses, growth and development, whose function is regulated by different plant hormones. The chloroplast proteome is encoded by chloroplast genome and nuclear genome, which play essential roles in plant photosynthesis, metabolism and other biological processes. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are key transcription factors in activating the ethylene signaling pathway and plant response to abiotic stress. But we know little about how ethylene regulates plastid function under drought stress condition. In this study we utilized tobacco overexpressing tomato ethylene responsive factor 1 (TERF1), an ERF transcription factor isolated from tomato, to investigate its effects on the plastid proteome under drought stress condition by method of iTRAQ technology. RESULTS Results show that TERF1 represses the genes encoding the photosynthetic apparatus at both transcriptional and translational level, but the genes involved in carbon fixation are significantly induced by TERF1. TERF1 regulates multiple retrograde signaling pathways, providing a new mechanism for regulating nuclear gene expression. TERF1 also regulates plant utilization of phosphorus (Pi) and nitrogen (N). We find that several metabolic and signaling pathways related with Pi are significantly repressed and gene expression analysis shows that TERF1 significantly represses the Pi transport from root to shoot. However, the N metabolism is upregulated by TERF1 as shown by the activation of different amino acids biosynthesis pathways due to the induction of glutamine synthetase and stabilization of nitrate reductase although the root-to-shoot N transport is also reduced. TERF1 also regulates other core metabolic pathways and secondary metabolic pathways that are important for plant growth, development and response to environmental stresses. Gene set linkage analysis was applied for the upregulated proteins by TERF1, showing some new potential for regulating plant response to drought stress by TERF1. CONCLUSIONS Our research reveals effects of ethylene signaling on plastid proteome related with two key biological processes, including photosynthesis and nutrition utilization. We also provide a new mechanism to regulate nuclear gene expression by ERF1 transcription factor through retrograde signals in chloroplast. These results can enrich our knowledge about ERF1 transcription factor and function of ethylene signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchun Yan
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South St., Haidian District, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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22
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Azoulay‐Shemer T, Schwankl N, Rog I, Moshelion M, Schroeder JI. Starch biosynthesis by
AGP
ase, but not starch degradation by
BAM
1/3 and
SEX
1, is rate‐limiting for
CO
2
‐regulated stomatal movements under short‐day conditions. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2739-2759. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay‐Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Nikki Schwankl
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Ido Rog
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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23
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Fichman Y, Koncz Z, Reznik N, Miller G, Szabados L, Kramer K, Nakagami H, Fromm H, Koncz C, Zilberstein A. SELENOPROTEIN O is a chloroplast protein involved in ROS scavenging and its absence increases dehydration tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:278-291. [PMID: 29576081 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved family of Selenoproteins performs redox-regulatory functions in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Among them, members of the SELENOPROTEIN O (SELO) subfamily are located in mammalian and yeast mitochondria, but their functions are thus far enigmatic. Screening of T-DNA knockout mutants for resistance to the proline analogue thioproline (T4C), identified mutant alleles of the plant SELO homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana. Absence of SELO resulted in a stress-induced transcriptional activation instead of silencing of mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase, and also high elevation of Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase involved in degradation of proline, thereby alleviating T4C inhibition and lessening drought-induced proline accumulation. Unlike its animal homologues, SELO was localized to chloroplasts of plants ectopically expressing SELO-GFP. The protein was co-fractionated with thylakoid membrane complexes, and co-immunoprecipitated with FNR, PGRL1 and STN7, all involved in regulating PSI and downstream electron flow. The selo mutants displayed extended survival under dehydration, accompanied by longer photosynthetic activity, compared with wild-type plants. Enhanced expression of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes in the unstressed selo mutant correlated with higher oxidant scavenging capacity and reduced methyl viologen damage. The study elucidates SELO as a PSI-related component involved in regulating ROS levels and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Zsuzsa Koncz
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Noam Reznik
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62/64, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katharina Kramer
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hillel Fromm
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Csaba Koncz
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62/64, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Aviah Zilberstein
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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24
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Skryhan K, Gurrieri L, Sparla F, Trost P, Blennow A. Redox Regulation of Starch Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1344. [PMID: 30298078 PMCID: PMC6160744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism of starch is a major biological integrator of plant growth supporting nocturnal energy dynamics by transitory starch degradation as well as periods of dormancy, re-growth, and reproduction by utilization of storage starch. Especially, the extraordinarily well-tuned and coordinated rate of transient starch biosynthesis and degradation suggests the presence of very sophisticated regulatory mechanisms. Together with the circadian clock, land plants (being autotrophic and sessile organisms) need to monitor, sense, and recognize the photosynthetic rate, soil mineral availability as well as various abiotic and biotic stress factors. Currently it is widely accepted that post-translational modifications are the main way by which the diel periodic activity of enzymes of transient starch metabolism are regulated. Among these mechanisms, thiol-based redox regulation is suggested to be of fundamental importance and in chloroplasts, thioredoxins (Trx) are tightly linked up to photosynthesis and mediate light/dark regulation of metabolism. Also, light independent NADP-thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) plays a major role in reactive oxygen species scavenging. Moreover, Trx and NTRC systems are interconnected at several levels and strongly influence each other. Most enzymes involved in starch metabolism are demonstrated to be redox-sensitive in vitro. However, to what extent their redox sensitivity is physiologically relevant in synchronizing starch metabolism with photosynthesis, heterotrophic energy demands, and oxidative protection is still unclear. For example, many hydrolases are activated under reducing (light) conditions and the strict separation between light and dark metabolic pathways is now challenged by data suggesting degradation of starch during the light period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Skryhan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology – FaBiT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology – FaBiT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology – FaBiT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Blennow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Andreas Blennow,
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25
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Flügel F, Timm S, Arrivault S, Florian A, Stitt M, Fernie AR, Bauwe H. The Photorespiratory Metabolite 2-Phosphoglycolate Regulates Photosynthesis and Starch Accumulation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:2537-2551. [PMID: 28947491 PMCID: PMC5774572 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Calvin-Benson cycle and its photorespiratory repair shunt are in charge of nearly all biological CO2 fixation on Earth. They interact functionally and via shared carbon flow on several levels including common metabolites, transcriptional regulation, and response to environmental changes. 2-Phosphoglycolate (2PG) is one of the shared metabolites and produced in large amounts by oxidative damage of the CO2 acceptor molecule ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. It was anticipated early on, although never proven, that 2PG could also be a regulatory metabolite that modulates central carbon metabolism by inhibition of triose-phosphate isomerase. Here, we examined this hypothesis using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with varying activities of the 2PG-degrading enzyme, 2PG phosphatase, and analyzing the impact of this intervention on operation of the Calvin-Benson cycle and other central pathways, leaf carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic gas exchange, and growth. Our results demonstrate that 2PG feeds back on the Calvin-Benson cycle. It also alters the allocation of photosynthates between ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration and starch synthesis. 2PG mechanistically achieves this by inhibiting the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes triose-phosphate isomerase and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase. We suggest this may represent one of the control loops that sense the ratio of photorespiratory to photosynthetic carbon flux and in turn adjusts stomatal conductance, photosynthetic CO2 and photorespiratory O2 fixation, and starch synthesis in response to changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Flügel
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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26
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Sutka M, Amodeo G, Ozu M. Plant and animal aquaporins crosstalk: what can be revealed from distinct perspectives. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:545-562. [PMID: 28871493 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) can be revisited from a distinct and complementary perspective: the outcome from analyzing them from both plant and animal studies. (1) The approach in the study. Diversity found in both kingdoms contrasts with the limited number of crystal structures determined within each group. While the structure of almost half of mammal AQPs was resolved, only a few were resolved in plants. Strikingly, the animal structures resolved are mainly derived from the AQP2-lineage, due to their important roles in water homeostasis regulation in humans. The difference could be attributed to the approach: relevance in animal research is emphasized on pathology and in consequence drug screening that can lead to potential inhibitors, enhancers and/or regulators. By contrast, studies on plants have been mainly focused on the physiological role that AQPs play in growth, development and stress tolerance. (2) The transport capacity. Besides the well-described AQPs with high water transport capacity, large amount of evidence confirms that certain plant AQPs can carry a large list of small solutes. So far, animal AQP list is more restricted. In both kingdoms, there is a great amount of evidence on gas transport, although there is still an unsolved controversy around gas translocation as well as the role of the central pore of the tetramer. (3) More roles than expected. We found it remarkable that the view of AQPs as specific channels has evolved first toward simple transporters to molecules that can experience conformational changes triggered by biochemical and/or mechanical signals, turning them also into signaling components and/or behave as osmosensor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira Sutka
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Amodeo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Ozu
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Kim SW, Lee SK, Jeong HJ, An G, Jeon JS, Jung KH. Crosstalk between diurnal rhythm and water stress reveals an altered primary carbon flux into soluble sugars in drought-treated rice leaves. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8214. [PMID: 28811563 PMCID: PMC5557844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants retain rhythmic physiological responses when adapting to environmental challenges. However, possible integrations between drought conditions and those responses have not received much focus, especially regarding crop plants, and the relationship between abiotic stress and the diurnal cycle is generally not considered. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide analysis to identify genes showing both diurnal regulation and water-deficiency response in rice (Oryza sativa). Among the 712 drought-responsive genes primary identified, 56.6% are diurnally expressed while 47.6% of the 761 that are down-regulated by drought are also diurnal. Using the β-glucuronidase reporter system and qRT-PCR analyses, we validated expression patterns of two candidate genes, thereby supporting the reliability of our transcriptome data. MapMan analysis indicated that diurnal genes up-regulated by drought are closely associated with the starch-sucrose pathway while those that are down-regulated are involved in photosynthesis. We then confirmed that starch-sucrose contents and chlorophyll fluorescence are altered in a diurnal manner under drought stress, suggesting these metabolic diurnal alterations as a novel indicator to evaluate the drought response in rice leaves. We constructed a functional gene network associated with the starch-sucrose KEGG metabolic pathway for further functional studies, and also developed a regulatory pathway model that includes OsbZIP23 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Woo Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea.
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28
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Daszkowska-Golec A, Skubacz A, Marzec M, Slota M, Kurowska M, Gajecka M, Gajewska P, Płociniczak T, Sitko K, Pacak A, Szweykowska-Kulinska Z, Szarejko I. Mutation in HvCBP20 ( Cap Binding Protein 20) Adapts Barley to Drought Stress at Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:942. [PMID: 28626467 PMCID: PMC5454077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CBP20 (Cap-Binding Protein 20) encodes a small subunit of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which is involved in the conserved cell processes related to RNA metabolism in plants and, simultaneously, engaged in the signaling network of drought response, which is dependent on ABA. Here, we report the enhanced tolerance to drought stress of barley mutant in the HvCBP20 gene manifested at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic levels. Physiological analyses revealed differences between the hvcbp20.ab mutant and its WT in response to a water deficiency. The mutant exhibited a higher relative water content (RWC), a lower stomatal conductance and changed epidermal pattern compared to the WT after drought stress. Transcriptome analysis using the Agilent Barley Microarray integrated with observed phenotypic traits allowed to conclude that the hvcbp20.ab mutant exhibited better fitness to stress conditions by its much more efficient and earlier activation of stress-preventing mechanisms. The network hubs involved in the adjustment of hvcbp20.ab mutant to the drought conditions were proposed. These results enabled to make a significant progress in understanding the role of CBP20 in the drought stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Anna Skubacz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Michal Slota
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Monika Gajecka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Gajewska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociniczak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pacak
- Department of Gene Expression, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznanPoznań, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
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29
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de Carvalho M, Acencio ML, Laitz AVN, de Araújo LM, de Lara Campos Arcuri M, do Nascimento LC, Maia IG. Impacts of the overexpression of a tomato translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in tobacco revealed by phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:887-900. [PMID: 28260122 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Overexpression of a tomato TCTP impacts plant biomass production and performance under stress. These phenotypic alterations were associated with the up-regulation of genes mainly related to photosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and water transport. The translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a multifaceted and highly conserved eukaryotic protein. In plants, despite the existence of functional data implicating this protein in cell proliferation and growth, the detailed physiological roles of many plant TCTPs remain poorly understood. Here we focused on a yet uncharacterized TCTP from tomato (SlTCTP). We show that, when overexpressed in tobacco, SlTCTP may promote plant biomass production and affect performance under salt and osmotic stress. Transcriptomic analysis of the transgenic plants revealed the up-regulation of genes mainly related to photosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and water transport. This induced photosynthetic gene expression was paralleled by an increase in the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the transgenic plants. Moreover, the transcriptional modulation of genes involved in ABA-mediated regulation of stomatal movement was detected. On the other hand, genes playing a pivotal role in ethylene biosynthesis were found to be down-regulated in the transgenic lines, thus suggesting deregulated ethylene accumulation in these plants. Overall, these results point to a role of TCTP in photosynthesis and hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio de Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Márcio Luís Acencio
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 8905, MH 7491, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Leandro Costa do Nascimento
- Laboratório Central de Tecnologias de Alto Desempenho em Ciências da Vida (LaCTAD), UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan G Maia
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-970, Brazil.
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30
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Zhang H, Sonnewald U. Differences and commonalities of plant responses to single and combined stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:839-855. [PMID: 28370754 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In natural or agricultural environments, plants are constantly exposed to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Given the forecasted global climate changes, plants will cope with heat waves, drought periods and pathogens at the same time or consecutively. Heat and drought cause opposing physiological responses, while pathogens may or may not profit from climate changes depending on their lifestyle. Several studies have been conducted to find stress-specific signatures or stress-independent commonalities. Previously this has been done by comparing different single stress treatments. This approach has been proven difficult since most studies, comparing single and combined stress conditions, have come to the conclusion that each stress treatment results in specific transcriptional changes. Although transcriptional changes at the level of individual genes are highly variable and stress-specific, central metabolic and signaling responses seem to be common, often leading to an overall reduced plant growth. Understanding how specific transcriptional changes are linked to stress adaptations and identifying central hubs controlling this interaction will be the challenge for the coming years. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on plant responses to different individual and combined stresses and try to find a common thread potentially underlying these responses. We will begin with a brief summary of known physiological, metabolic, transcriptional and hormonal responses to individual stresses, elucidate potential commonalities and conflicts and finally we will describe results obtained during combined stress experiments. Here we will concentrate on simultaneous application of stress conditions but we will also touch consequences of sequential stress treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haina Zhang
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstrasse 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Santelia D, Lunn JE. Transitory Starch Metabolism in Guard Cells: Unique Features for a Unique Function. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:539-549. [PMID: 28292855 PMCID: PMC5462065 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pathway and timing of starch turnover in guard cells differs from mesophyll cells and is linked to stomatal opening in the light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santelia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
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32
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Sharma M, Gupta SK, Majumder B, Maurya VK, Deeba F, Alam A, Pandey V. Salicylic acid mediated growth, physiological and proteomic responses in two wheat varieties under drought stress. J Proteomics 2017; 163:28-51. [PMID: 28511789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) induced drought tolerance can be a key trait for increasing and stabilizing wheat production. These SA induced traits were studied in two Triticum aestivum L. varieties; drought tolerant, Kundan and drought sensitive, Lok1 under two different water deficit regimes: and rehydration at vegetative and flowering stages. SA alleviated the negative effects of water stress on photosynthesis more in Kundan. SA induced defense responses against drought by increasing antioxidative enzymes and osmolytes (proline and total soluble sugars). Differential proteomics revealed major role of carbon metabolism and signal transduction in enhancing drought tolerance in Kundan which was shifted towards defense, energy production and protection in Lok1. Thioredoxins played important role between SA and redox signaling in activating defense responses. SA showed substantial impact on physiology and carbon assimilation in tolerant variety for better growth under drought. Lok1 exhibited SA induced drought tolerance through enhanced defense system and energy metabolism. Plants after rehydration showed complete recovery of physiological functions under SA treatment. SA mediated constitutive defense against water stress did not compromise yield. These results suggest that exogenously applied SA under drought stress confer growth promoting and stress priming effects on wheat plants thus alleviating yield limitation. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Studies have shown morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects associated with the SA mediated drought tolerance in wheat while understanding of molecular mechanism is limited. Herein, proteomics approach has identified significantly changed proteins and their potential relevance to SA mediated drought stress responses in drought tolerant and sensitive wheat varieties. SA regulates wide range of processes such as photosynthesis, carbon assimilation, protein metabolism, amino acid and energy metabolism, redox homeostasis and signal transduction under drought. Proteome response to SA during vegetative and reproductive growth gave an insight on mechanism related water stress acclimation for growth and development to attain potential yield under drought. The knowledge gained can be potentially applied to provide fundamental basis for new strategies aiming towards improved crop drought tolerance and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisha Sharma
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil K Gupta
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Baisakhi Majumder
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vivek K Maurya
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Farah Deeba
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Afroz Alam
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, P.O. Banasthali Vidyapith, 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Science Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Templer SE, Ammon A, Pscheidt D, Ciobotea O, Schuy C, McCollum C, Sonnewald U, Hanemann A, Förster J, Ordon F, von Korff M, Voll LM. Metabolite profiling of barley flag leaves under drought and combined heat and drought stress reveals metabolic QTLs for metabolites associated with antioxidant defense. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1697-1713. [PMID: 28338908 PMCID: PMC5441916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the most stress-tolerant crops; however, not much is known about the genetic and environmental control of metabolic adaptation of barley to abiotic stresses. We have subjected a genetically diverse set of 81 barley accessions, consisting of Mediterranean landrace genotypes and German elite breeding lines, to drought and combined heat and drought stress at anthesis. Our aim was to (i) investigate potential differences in morphological, physiological, and metabolic adaptation to the two stress scenarios between the Mediterranean and German barley genotypes and (ii) identify metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). To this end, we have genotyped the investigated barley lines with an Illumina iSelect 9K array and analyzed a set of 57 metabolites from the primary C and N as well as antioxidant metabolism in flag leaves under control and stress conditions. We found that drought-adapted genotypes attenuate leaf carbon metabolism much more strongly than elite lines during drought stress adaptation. Furthermore, we identified mQTLs for flag leaf γ-tocopherol, glutathione, and succinate content by association genetics that co-localize with genes encoding enzymes of the pathways producing these antioxidant metabolites. Our results provide the molecular basis for breeding barley cultivars with improved abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Eduard Templer
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute of Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ammon
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Pscheidt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Otilia Ciobotea
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schuy
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher McCollum
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Hanemann
- Saatzucht Josef Breun GmbH & Co. KG, Amselweg 1, D-91074 Herzogenaurach, Germany
| | - Jutta Förster
- SAATEN-UNION BIOTEC GmbH, Hovedisser Strasse 92, D-33818 Leopoldshöhe, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute of Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, D-06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Maria von Korff
- Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D-50829 Köln, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institute for Plant Genetics, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lars Matthias Voll
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Zhang X, Ivanova A, Vandepoele K, Radomiljac J, Van de Velde J, Berkowitz O, Willems P, Xu Y, Ng S, Van Aken O, Duncan O, Zhang B, Storme V, Chan KX, Vaneechoutte D, Pogson BJ, Van Breusegem F, Whelan J, De Clercq I. The Transcription Factor MYB29 Is a Regulator of ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1824-1843. [PMID: 28167700 PMCID: PMC5338668 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense and integrate a variety of signals from the environment through different interacting signal transduction pathways that involve hormones and signaling molecules. Using ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE1a (AOX1a) gene expression as a model system of retrograde or stress signaling between mitochondria and the nucleus, MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN29 (MYB29) was identified as a negative regulator (regulator of alternative oxidase1a 7 [rao7] mutant) in a genetic screen of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). rao7/myb29 mutants have increased levels of AOX1a transcript and protein compared to wild type after induction with antimycin A. A variety of genes previously associated with the mitochondrial stress response also display enhanced transcript abundance, indicating that RAO7/MYB29 negatively regulates mitochondrial stress responses in general. Meta-analysis of hormone-responsive marker genes and identification of downstream transcription factor networks revealed that MYB29 functions in the complex interplay of ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and reactive oxygen species signaling by regulating the expression of various ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR and WRKY transcription factors. Despite an enhanced induction of mitochondrial stress response genes, rao7/myb29 mutants displayed an increased sensitivity to combined moderate light and drought stress. These results uncover interactions between mitochondrial retrograde signaling and the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis, both regulated by RAO7/MYB29. This common regulator can explain why perturbation of the mitochondrial function leads to transcriptomic responses overlapping with responses to biotic stress.
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Eisenhut M, Bräutigam A, Timm S, Florian A, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Bauwe H, Weber APM. Photorespiration Is Crucial for Dynamic Response of Photosynthetic Metabolism and Stomatal Movement to Altered CO 2 Availability. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:47-61. [PMID: 27702693 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway or photorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, which can reduce the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and is hence frequently considered as a wasteful process. By comparing the response of the wild-type plants and mutants impaired in photorespiration to a shift in ambient CO2 concentrations, we demonstrate that photorespiration also plays a beneficial role during short-term acclimation to reduced CO2 availability. The wild-type plants responded with few differentially expressed genes, mostly involved in drought stress, which is likely a consequence of enhanced opening of stomata and concomitant water loss upon a shift toward low CO2. In contrast, mutants with impaired activity of photorespiratory enzymes were highly stressed and not able to adjust stomatal conductance to reduced external CO2 availability. The transcriptional response of mutant plants was congruent, indicating a general reprogramming to deal with the consequences of reduced CO2 availability, signaled by enhanced oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and amplified by the artificially impaired photorespiratory metabolism. Central in this reprogramming was the pronounced reallocation of resources from growth processes to stress responses. Taken together, our results indicate that unrestricted photorespiratory metabolism is a prerequisite for rapid physiological acclimation to a reduction in CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Eisenhut
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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36
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Song K, Kim HC, Shin S, Kim KH, Moon JC, Kim JY, Lee BM. Transcriptome Analysis of Flowering Time Genes under Drought Stress in Maize Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:267. [PMID: 28298916 PMCID: PMC5331056 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time is an important factor determining yield and seed quality in maize. A change in flowering time is a strategy used to survive abiotic stresses. Among abiotic stresses, drought can increase anthesis-silking intervals (ASI), resulting in negative effects on maize yield. We have analyzed the correlation between flowering time and drought stress using RNA-seq and bioinformatics tools. Our results identified a total of 619 genes and 126 transcripts whose expression was altered by drought stress in the maize B73 leaves under short-day condition. Among drought responsive genes, we also identified 20 genes involved in flowering times. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was used to predict the functions of the drought-responsive genes and transcripts. GO categories related to flowering time included reproduction, flower development, pollen-pistil interaction, and post-embryonic development. Transcript levels of several genes that have previously been shown to affect flowering time, such as PRR37, transcription factor HY5, and CONSTANS, were significantly altered by drought conditions. Furthermore, we also identified several drought-responsive transcripts containing C2H2 zinc finger, CCCH, and NAC domains, which are frequently involved in transcriptional regulation and may thus have potential to alter gene expression programs to change maize flowering time. Overall, our results provide a genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), novel transcripts, and isoform variants expressed during the reproductive stage of maize plants subjected to drought stress and short-day condition. Further characterization of the drought-responsive transcripts identified in this study has the potential to advance our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate flowering time under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Song
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Chul Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Shin
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Cheol Moon
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Kim
- Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National UniversityYesan, South Korea
| | - Byung-Moo Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-SeoulSeoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byung-Moo Lee
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37
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Maurel C, Verdoucq L, Rodrigues O. Aquaporins and plant transpiration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2580-2587. [PMID: 27497047 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although transpiration and aquaporins have long been identified as two key components influencing plant water status, it is only recently that their relations have been investigated in detail. The present review first examines the various facets of aquaporin function in stomatal guard cells and shows that it involves transport of water but also of other molecules such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. At the whole plant level, changes in tissue hydraulics mediated by root and shoot aquaporins can indirectly impact plant transpiration. Recent studies also point to a feedback effect of transpiration on aquaporin function. These mechanisms may contribute to the difference between isohydric and anisohydric stomatal regulation of leaf water status. The contribution of aquaporins to transpiration control goes far beyond the issue of water transport during stomatal movements and involves emerging cellular and long-distance signalling mechanisms which ultimately act on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Maurel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060, Cedex 2, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lionel Verdoucq
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060, Cedex 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, CNRS/INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université Montpellier, F-34060, Cedex 2, Montpellier, France
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38
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Santelia D, Lawson T. Rethinking Guard Cell Metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1371-1392. [PMID: 27609861 PMCID: PMC5100799 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control gaseous fluxes between the internal leaf air spaces and the external atmosphere and, therefore, play a pivotal role in regulating CO2 uptake for photosynthesis as well as water loss through transpiration. Guard cells, which flank the stomata, undergo adjustments in volume, resulting in changes in pore aperture. Stomatal opening is mediated by the complex regulation of ion transport and solute biosynthesis. Ion transport is exceptionally well understood, whereas our knowledge of guard cell metabolism remains limited, despite several decades of research. In this review, we evaluate the current literature on metabolism in guard cells, particularly the roles of starch, sucrose, and malate. We explore the possible origins of sucrose, including guard cell photosynthesis, and discuss new evidence that points to multiple processes and plasticity in guard cell metabolism that enable these cells to function effectively to maintain optimal stomatal aperture. We also discuss the new tools, techniques, and approaches available for further exploring and potentially manipulating guard cell metabolism to improve plant water use and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santelia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom (T.L.)
| | - Tracy Lawson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland (D.S.); and
- School of Biological Science, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom (T.L.)
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39
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Figueroa CM, Lunn JE. A Tale of Two Sugars: Trehalose 6-Phosphate and Sucrose. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:7-27. [PMID: 27482078 PMCID: PMC5074632 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), the intermediate of trehalose biosynthesis, is an essential signal metabolite in plants, linking growth and development to carbon status. The Suc-Tre6P nexus model postulates that Tre6P is both a signal and negative feedback regulator of Suc levels, forming part of a mechanism to maintain Suc levels within an optimal range and functionally comparable to the insulin-glucagon system for regulating blood Glc levels in animals. The target range and sensitivity of the Tre6P-Suc feedback control circuit can be adjusted according to the cell type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. In source leaves, Tre6P modulates Suc levels by affecting Suc synthesis, whereas in sink organs it regulates Suc consumption. In illuminated leaves, Tre6P influences the partitioning of photoassimilates between Suc, organic acids, and amino acids via posttranslational regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrate reductase. At night, Tre6P regulates the remobilization of leaf starch reserves to Suc, potentially linking starch turnover in source leaves to carbon demand from developing sink organs. Use of Suc for growth in developing tissues is strongly influenced by the antagonistic activities of two protein kinases: SUC-NON-FERMENTING-1-RELATED KINASE1 (SnRK1) and TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR). The relationship between Tre6P and SnRK1 in developing tissues is complex and not yet fully resolved, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms, and positive and negative effects. No direct connection between Tre6P and TOR has yet been described. The roles of Tre6P in abiotic stress tolerance and stomatal regulation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina (C.M.F.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
| | - John E Lunn
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina (C.M.F.); andMax Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (J.E.L.)
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40
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Azoulay-Shemer T, Bagheri A, Wang C, Palomares A, Stephan AB, Kunz HH, Schroeder JI. Starch Biosynthesis in Guard Cells But Not in Mesophyll Cells Is Involved in CO2-Induced Stomatal Closing. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:788-98. [PMID: 27208296 PMCID: PMC4902578 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Starch metabolism is involved in stomatal movement regulation. However, it remains unknown whether starch-deficient mutants affect CO2-induced stomatal closing and whether starch biosynthesis in guard cells and/or mesophyll cells is rate limiting for high CO2-induced stomatal closing. Stomatal responses to [CO2] shifts and CO2 assimilation rates were compared in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants that were either starch deficient in all plant tissues (ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase [ADGase]) or retain starch accumulation in guard cells but are starch deficient in mesophyll cells (plastidial phosphoglucose isomerase [pPGI]). ADGase mutants exhibited impaired CO2-induced stomatal closure, but pPGI mutants did not, showing that starch biosynthesis in guard cells but not mesophyll functions in CO2-induced stomatal closing. Nevertheless, starch-deficient ADGase mutant alleles exhibited partial CO2 responses, pointing toward a starch biosynthesis-independent component of the response that is likely mediated by anion channels. Furthermore, whole-leaf CO2 assimilation rates of both ADGase and pPGI mutants were lower upon shifts to high [CO2], but only ADGase mutants caused impairments in CO2-induced stomatal closing. These genetic analyses determine the roles of starch biosynthesis for high CO2-induced stomatal closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Andisheh Bagheri
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Cun Wang
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Axxell Palomares
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Aaron B Stephan
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Food and Fuel for the 21st Century, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
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41
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Gago J, Daloso DDM, Figueroa CM, Flexas J, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Relationships of Leaf Net Photosynthesis, Stomatal Conductance, and Mesophyll Conductance to Primary Metabolism: A Multispecies Meta-Analysis Approach. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:265-79. [PMID: 26977088 PMCID: PMC4854675 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant metabolism drives plant development and plant-environment responses, and data readouts from this cellular level could provide insights in the underlying molecular processes. Existing studies have already related key in vivo leaf gas-exchange parameters with structural traits and nutrient components across multiple species. However, insights in the relationships of leaf gas-exchange with leaf primary metabolism are still limited. We investigated these relationships through a multispecies meta-analysis approach based on data sets from 17 published studies describing net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal (gs) and mesophyll (gm) conductances, alongside the 53 data profiles from primary metabolism of 14 species grown in different experiments. Modeling results highlighted the conserved patterns between the different species. Consideration of species-specific effects increased the explanatory power of the models for some metabolites, including Glc-6-P, Fru-6-P, malate, fumarate, Xyl, and ribose. Significant relationships of A with sugars and phosphorylated intermediates were observed. While gs was related to sugars, organic acids, myo-inositol, and shikimate, gm showed a more complex pattern in comparison to the two other traits. Some metabolites, such as malate and Man, appeared in the models for both conductances, suggesting a metabolic coregulation between gs and gm The resulting statistical models provide the first hints for coregulation patterns involving primary metabolism plus leaf water and carbon balances that are conserved across plant species, as well as species-specific trends that can be used to determine new biotechnological targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Danilo de Menezes Daloso
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Alisdair Robert Fernie
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain (J.G., J.F.); Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (J.G., D.d.M.D., A.R.F.); System Regulation Group, Metabolic Networks Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (C.M.F.); andSystems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany (Z.N.)
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Zanella M, Borghi GL, Pirone C, Thalmann M, Pazmino D, Costa A, Santelia D, Trost P, Sparla F. β-amylase 1 (BAM1) degrades transitory starch to sustain proline biosynthesis during drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1819-26. [PMID: 26792489 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During photosynthesis of higher plants, absorbed light energy is converted into chemical energy that, in part, is accumulated in the form of transitory starch within chloroplasts. In the following night, transitory starch is mobilized to sustain the heterotrophic metabolism of the plant. β-amylases are glucan hydrolases that cleave α-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and release maltose units from the non-reducing end of the polysaccharide chain. In Arabidopsis, nocturnal degradation of transitory starch involves mainly β-amylase-3 (BAM3). A second β-amylase isoform, β-amylase-1 (BAM1), is involved in diurnal starch degradation in guard cells, a process that sustains stomata opening. However, BAM1 also contributes to diurnal starch turnover in mesophyll cells under osmotic stress. With the aim of dissecting the role of β-amylases in osmotic stress responses in Arabidopsis, mutant plants lacking either BAM1 or BAM3 were subject to a mild (150mM mannitol) and prolonged (up to one week) osmotic stress. We show here that leaves of osmotically-stressed bam1 plants accumulated more starch and fewer soluble sugars than both wild-type and bam3 plants during the day. Moreover, bam1 mutants were impaired in proline accumulation and suffered from stronger lipid peroxidation, compared with both wild-type and bam3 plants. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that carbon skeletons deriving from BAM1 diurnal degradation of transitory starch support the biosynthesis of proline required to face the osmotic stress. We propose the transitory-starch/proline interplay as an interesting trait to be tackled by breeding technologies aimingto improve drought tolerance in relevant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zanella
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gian Luca Borghi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Pirone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthias Thalmann
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Pazmino
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Costa
- Department of Bioscience, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Trost
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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43
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Horrer D, Flütsch S, Pazmino D, Matthews JSA, Thalmann M, Nigro A, Leonhardt N, Lawson T, Santelia D. Blue Light Induces a Distinct Starch Degradation Pathway in Guard Cells for Stomatal Opening. Curr Biol 2016; 26:362-70. [PMID: 26774787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stomatal pores form a crucial interface between the leaf mesophyll and the atmosphere, controlling water and carbon balance in plants [1]. Major advances have been made in understanding the regulatory networks and ion fluxes in the guard cells surrounding the stomatal pore [2]. However, our knowledge on the role of carbon metabolism in these cells is still fragmentary [3-5]. In particular, the contribution of starch in stomatal opening remains elusive [6]. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant to provide the first quantitative analysis of starch turnover in guard cells of intact leaves during the diurnal cycle. Starch is present in guard cells at the end of night, unlike in the rest of the leaf, but is rapidly degraded within 30 min of light. This process is critical for the rapidity of stomatal opening and biomass production. We exploited Arabidopsis molecular genetics to define the mechanism and regulation of guard cell starch metabolism, showing it to be mediated by a previously uncharacterized pathway. This involves the synergistic action of β-amylase 1 (BAM1) and α-amylase 3 (AMY3)-enzymes that are normally not required for nighttime starch degradation in other leaf tissues. This pathway is under the control of the phototropin-dependent blue-light signaling cascade and correlated with the activity of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. Our results show that guard cell starch degradation has an important role in plant growth by driving stomatal responses to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Horrer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Flütsch
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Pazmino
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jack S A Matthews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Matthias Thalmann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Nigro
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes (LBDP), UMR 7265 CNRS-CEA Université Aix-Marseille II, CEA Cadarache Bat 156, 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Diana Santelia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland.
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