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Sun Y, Yang H, Ren T, Zhao J, Lang X, Nie L, Zhao W. CmERF1 acts as a positive regulator of fruits and leaves growth in melon (Cucumis melo L.). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:70. [PMID: 38842600 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural and economic crop. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) plays an important role in regulating plant development, and the resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, developmental biology, molecular biology and biochemical assays were performed to explore the biological function of CmERF1 in melon. Abundant transcripts of CmERF1 were found in ovary at green-yellow bud (GYB) and rapid enlargement (ORE) stages. In CmERF1 promoter, the cis-regulatory elements for indoleacetic acid (IAA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), light and low temperature responses were found. CmERF1 could be significantly induced by ethylene, IAA, MeJA, SA, ABA, and respond to continuous light and low temperature stresses in melon. Ectopic expression of CmERF1 increased the length of siliqua and carpopodium, and expanded the size of leaves in Arabidopsis. Knockdown of CmERF1 led to smaller ovary at anthesis, mature fruit and leaves in melon. In CmERF1-RNAi #2 plants, 75 genes were differently expressed compared with control, and the promoter regions of 28 differential expression genes (DEGs) contained the GCC-box (AGCCGCC) or DRE (A/GCCGAC) cis-acting elements of CmERF1. A homolog of cell division cycle protein 48 (CmCDC48) was proved to be the direct target of CmERF1 by the yeast one-hybrid assay and dual-luciferase (LUC) reporter (DLR) system. These results indicated that CmERF1 was able to promote the growth of fruits and leaves, and involved in multiple hormones and environmental signaling pathways in melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Sun
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Tiantian Ren
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Jiateng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Xinmei Lang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Lanchun Nie
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
- Ministry of Education of China-Hebei Province Joint Innovation Center for Efficient Green Vegetable Industry, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
- Ministry of Education of China-Hebei Province Joint Innovation Center for Efficient Green Vegetable Industry, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China.
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Teng D, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Lv B, Sun P, Geng T, Cui H, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Engineering DMNT emission in cotton enhances direct and indirect defense against mirid bugs. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00212-1. [PMID: 38806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an important herbivore-induced plant volatile, (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) is known for its defensive role against multiple insect pests, including attracting natural enemies. A terpene synthase (GhTPS14) and two cytochrome P450 (GhCYP82L1, GhCYP82L2) enzymes are involved in the de novo synthesis of DMNT in cotton. We conducted a study to test the potential of manipulating DMNT-synthesizing enzymes to enhance plant resistance to insects. OBJECTIVES To manipulate DMNT emissions in cotton and generate cotton lines with increased resistance to mirid bug Apolygus lucorum. METHODS Biosynthesis and emission of DMNT by cotton plants were altered using CRISPR/Cas9 and overexpression approaches. Dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS analysis were used to collect, identify and quantify volatiles. The attractiveness and suitability of cotton lines against mirid bug and its parasitoid Peristenus spretus were evaluated through various assays. RESULTS No DMNT emission was detected in knockout CAS-L1L2 line, where both GhCYP82L1 and GhCYP82L2 were knocked out. In contrast, gene-overexpressed lines released higher amounts of DMNT when infested by A. lucorum. At the flowering stage, L114 (co-overexpressing GhCYP82L1 and GhTPS14) emitted 10-15-fold higher amounts than controls. DMNT emission in overexpressed transgenic lines could be triggered by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Apolygus lucorum and its parasitoid were far less attracted to the double edited CAS-L1L2 plants, however, co-overexpressed line L114 significantly attracted bugs and female wasps. A high dose of DMNT, comparable to the emission of L114, significantly inhibited the growth of A. lucorum, and further resulted in higher mortalities. CONCLUSION Turning down DMNT emission attenuated the behavioral preferences of A. lucorum to cotton. Genetically modified cotton plants with elevated DMNT emission not only recruited parasitoids to enhance indirect defense, but also formed an ecological trap to kill the bugs. Therefore, manipulation of DMNT biosynthesis and emission in plants presents a promising strategy for controlling mirid bugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Peiyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Geng
- National Plant Protection Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Hongzhi Cui
- Biocentury Transgene (China) Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Feng K, Yan YJ, Sun N, Yang ZY, Zhao SP, Wu P, Li LJ. Exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment induced the transcriptional responses and accumulation of volatile terpenoids in Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131017. [PMID: 38513909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Water dropwort is favored by consumers for its unique flavor and medicinal value. Terpenoids were identified as the main volatile compounds related to its flavor. In this study, water dropwort was treated with different concentrations of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The contents of volatile terpenoids were determined under various MeJA treatments. The results indicated that 0.1 mM of MeJA most effectively promoted the biosynthesis of flavor-related terpenoids in water dropwort. Terpinolene accounted the highest proportion among terpene compounds in water dropwort. The contents of jasmonates in water dropwort were also increased after exogenous MeJA treatments. Transcriptome analysis indicated that DEGs involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated. The TPS family was identified from water dropwort, and the expression levels of Oj0473630, Oj0287510 and Oj0240400 genes in TPS-b subfamily were consistent with the changes of terpene contents under MeJA treatments. Oj0473630 was cloned from the water dropwort and designated as OjTPS3, which is predicted to be related to the biosynthesis of terpinolene in water dropwort. Subcellular localization indicated that OjTPS3 protein was localized in chloroplast. Protein purification and enzyme activity of OjTPS3 protein were conducted. The results showed that the purified OjTPS3 protein catalyzed the biosynthesis of terpinolene by using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate in vitro. This study will facilitate to further understand the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and provide a strategy to improve the flavor of water dropwort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Jie Yan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shu-Ping Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liang-Jun Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Yu J, Tang L, Qiao F, Liu J, Li X. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms Underlying Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Mannitol Stress Resistance in Banana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:712. [PMID: 38475558 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) application has shown promising effects on plant defense under diverse abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms underlying MeJA-induced stress resistance in bananas are unclear. Therefore, in this study, we treated banana plants with 100 μM MeJA before inducing osmotic stress using mannitol. Plant phenotype and antioxidant enzyme activity results demonstrated that MeJA improved osmotic stress resistance in banana plants. Thereafter, to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-induced osmotic stress resistance in banana seedlings, we conducted high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using leaf and root samples of "Brazilian" banana seedlings treated with MeJA for 0 h and 8 h. RNA-seq analysis showed that MeJA treatment upregulated 1506 (leaf) and 3341 (root) genes and downregulated 1768 (leaf) and 4625 (root) genes. Then, we performed gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses on the differentially expressed genes. We noted that linoleic acid metabolism was enriched in both root and leaf samples, and the genes of this pathway exhibited different expression patterns; 9S-LOX genes were highly induced by MeJA in the leaves, whereas 13S-LOX genes were highly induced in the roots. We also identified the promoters of these genes, as the differences in response elements may contribute to tissue-specific gene expression in response to MeJA application in banana seedlings. Overall, the findings of this study provide insights into the mechanisms underlying abiotic stress resistance in banana that may aid in the improvement of banana varieties relying on molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Yu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lu Tang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fei Qiao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571737, China
| | - Juhua Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forest, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou 570228, China
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Sulaiman HY, Runno-Paurson E, Niinemets Ü. The same boat, different storm: stress volatile emissions in response to biotrophic fungal infections in primary and alternate hosts. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2217030. [PMID: 37232366 PMCID: PMC10730184 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2217030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rust infection results in stress volatile emissions, but due to the complexity of host-pathogen interaction and variations in innate defense and capacity to induce defense, biochemical responses can vary among host species. Fungal-dependent modifications in volatile emissions have been well documented in numerous host species, but how emission responses vary among host species is poorly understood. Our recent experiments demonstrated that the obligate biotrophic crown rust fungus (P. coronata) differently activated primary and secondary metabolic pathways in its primary host Avena sativa and alternate host Rhamnus frangula. In A. sativa, emissions of methyl jasmonate, short-chained lipoxygenase products, long-chained saturated fatty acid derivatives, mono- and sesquiterpenes, carotenoid breakdown products, and benzenoids were initially elicited in an infection severity-dependent manner, but the emissions decreased under severe infection and photosynthesis was almost completely inhibited. In R. frangula, infection resulted in low-level induction of stress volatile emissions, but surprisingly, in enhanced constitutive isoprene emissions, and even severely-infected leaves maintained a certain photosynthesis rate. Thus, the same pathogen elicited a much stronger response in the primary than in the alternate host. We argue that future work should focus on resolving mechanisms of different fungal tolerance and resilience among primary and secondary hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Runno-Paurson
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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Lacchini E, Venegas-Molina J, Goossens A. Structural and functional diversity in plant specialized metabolism signals and products: The case of oxylipins and triterpenes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102371. [PMID: 37148672 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes tend to evolve towards catalytic efficacy, precision and speed. This seems particularly true for ancient and conserved enzymes involved in fundamental cellular processes that are present virtually in every cell and organism and converting and producing relatively limited metabolite numbers. Nevertheless, sessile organisms like plants have an astonishing repertoire of specific (specialized) metabolites that, by numbers and chemical complexity, by far exceed primary metabolites. Most theories agree that early gene duplication, subsequent positive selection and diversifying evolution have allowed relaxed selection of duplicated metabolic genes, thus facilitating the accumulation of mutations that could broaden substrate/product specificity and lower activation barriers and kinetics. Here, we use oxylipins, oxygenated fatty acids of plastidial origin to which the phytohormone jasmonate belongs, and triterpenes, a large group of specialized metabolites whose biosynthesis is often elicited by jasmonates, to showcase the structural and functional diversity of chemical signals and products in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Lacchini
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jhon Venegas-Molina
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Sulaiman HY, Liu B, Abiola YO, Kaurilind E, Niinemets Ü. Impact of heat priming on heat shock responses in Origanum vulgare: Enhanced foliage photosynthetic tolerance and biphasic emissions of volatiles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:567-579. [PMID: 36774912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change enhances the frequency of heatwaves that negatively affect photosynthesis and can alter constitutive volatile emissions and elicit emissions of stress volatiles, but how pre-exposure to mildly warmer temperatures affects plant physiological responses to subsequent severe heat episodes remains unclear, especially for aromatic plants with high and complex volatile defenses. We studied the impact of heat shock (45 °C/5 min) applied alone and after exposure to moderate heat stress (35 °C/1 h, priming) on foliage photosynthesis and volatile emissions in the aromatic plant Origanum vulgare through 72 h recovery period. Heat stress decreased photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, whereas the reductions in photosynthesis were primarily due to non-stomatal factors. In non-primed plants, heat shock-induced reductions in photosynthetic activity were the greatest, but photosynthetic activity completely recovered by the end of the experiment. In primed plants, a certain inhibition of photosynthetic activity remained, suggesting a sustained priming effect. Heat shock enhanced the emissions of volatiles including lipoxygenase pathway volatiles, long-chained fatty acid-derived compounds, mono- and sesquiterpenes, geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway volatiles, and benzenoids, whereas different heat treatments resulted in unique emission blends. In non-primed plants, stress-elicited emissions recovered at 72 h. In primed plants, volatile emissions were multiphasic, the first phase, between 0.5 and 10 h, reflected the primary stress response, whereas the secondary rise, between 24 and 72 h, indicated activations of different defense metabolic pathways. Our results demonstrate that exposure to mild heat leads to a sustained physiological stress memory that enhances plant resistance to subsequent severe heat stress episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Yusuph Olawale Abiola
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
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Kännaste A, Jürisoo L, Runno-Paurson E, Kask K, Talts E, Pärlist P, Drenkhan R, Niinemets Ü. Impacts of Dutch elm disease-causing fungi on foliage photosynthetic characteristics and volatiles in Ulmus species with different pathogen resistance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:57-74. [PMID: 36106799 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming affects the abiotic and biotic growth environment of plants, including the spread of fungal diseases such as Dutch elm disease (DED). Dutch elm disease-resistance of different Ulmus species varies, but how this is reflected in leaf-level physiological pathogen responses has not been investigated. We studied the impacts of mechanical injury alone and mechanical injury plus inoculation with the DED-causing pathogens Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi and O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana on Ulmus glabra, a more vulnerable species, and U. laevis, a more resistant species. Plant stress responses were evaluated for 12 days after stress application by monitoring leaf net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), ratio of ambient to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ca/Ci) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/gs), and by measuring biogenic volatile (VOC) release by plant leaves. In U. glabra and U. laevis, A was not affected by time, stressors or their interaction. Only in U. glabra, gs and Ca/Ci decreased in time, yet recovered by the end of the experiment. Although the emission compositions were affected in both species, the stress treatments enhanced VOC emission rates only in U. laevis. In this species, mechanical injury especially when combined with the pathogens increased the emission of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles and dimethylallyl diphosphate and geranyl diphosphate pathway volatiles. In conclusion, the more resistant species U. laevis had a more stable photosynthesis, but stronger pathogen-elicited volatile response, especially after inoculation by O. novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi. Thus, stronger activation of defenses might underlay higher DED-resistance in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Kännaste
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Liina Jürisoo
- Chair of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Eve Runno-Paurson
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kaia Kask
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Piret Pärlist
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Rein Drenkhan
- Chair of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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Xiao D, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhan Y, Liu Y. Exogenous Application of a Plant Elicitor Induces Volatile Emission in Wheat and Enhances the Attraction of an Aphid Parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3496. [PMID: 36559606 PMCID: PMC9785975 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant elicitors can induce plant defense against pests. The herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) methyl salicylate (MeSA), as a signaling hormone involved in plant pathogen defense, is used to recruit natural enemies to protect wheat and other crops. However, the defense mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, the headspace volatiles of wheat plants were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that exogenous application of MeSA induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the volatiles emitted from wheat plants, and these changes were mainly related to Carveol, Linalool, m-Diethyl-benzene, p-Cymene, Nonanal, D-limonene and 6-methyl-5-Hepten-2-one. Then, the electroantennogram (EAG) and Y-tube bioassay were performed to test the physiological and behavioral responses of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmesd to the active volatile compounds (p-Cymene, m-Diethyl-benzene, Carveol) that identified by using GC-EAD. The female A. gifuensis showed strong physiological responses to 1 μg/μL p-Cymene and 1 μg/μL m-Diethyl-benzene. Moreover, a mixture blend was more attractive to female A. gifuensis than a single compound. These findings suggested that MeSA could induce wheat plant indirect defense against wheat aphids through attracting parasitoid in the wheat agro-ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianzhao Xiao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Yulong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yidi Zhan
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China
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Midzi J, Jeffery DW, Baumann U, Rogiers S, Tyerman SD, Pagay V. Stress-Induced Volatile Emissions and Signalling in Inter-Plant Communication. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2566. [PMID: 36235439 PMCID: PMC9573647 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sessile plant has developed mechanisms to survive the "rough and tumble" of its natural surroundings, aided by its evolved innate immune system. Precise perception and rapid response to stress stimuli confer a fitness edge to the plant against its competitors, guaranteeing greater chances of survival and productivity. Plants can "eavesdrop" on volatile chemical cues from their stressed neighbours and have adapted to use these airborne signals to prepare for impending danger without having to experience the actual stress themselves. The role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in plant-plant communication has gained significant attention over the past decade, particularly with regard to the potential of VOCs to prime non-stressed plants for more robust defence responses to future stress challenges. The ecological relevance of such interactions under various environmental stresses has been much debated, and there is a nascent understanding of the mechanisms involved. This review discusses the significance of VOC-mediated inter-plant interactions under both biotic and abiotic stresses and highlights the potential to manipulate outcomes in agricultural systems for sustainable crop protection via enhanced defence. The need to integrate physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches in understanding the underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in volatile signalling is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanah Midzi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - David W. Jeffery
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Suzy Rogiers
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vinay Pagay
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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11
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Jiao L, Bian L, Luo Z, Li Z, Xiu C, Fu N, Cai X, Chen Z. Enhanced volatile emissions and anti-herbivore functions mediated by the synergism between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac144. [PMID: 36101895 PMCID: PMC9463459 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, which affects plant stress resistance, is mainly considered to be antagonistic. Using an established theoretical model, we investigated how tea plant (Camellia sinensis) volatiles induced by exogenous elicitors of the JA and SA pathways are affected by the sequence of elicitor application, elicitor identity, and the applied concentrations. We also examined the effects of the volatiles mediated by the JA-SA synergistic interaction on the behaviors of a tea leaf-chewing herbivore (Ectropis grisescens) and its parasitic wasp (Apanteles sp.). The JA and SA pathway interactions were almost always reciprocally synergistic when the two pathways were elicited at different times, except at high JA elicitor concentrations. However, the JA pathway antagonized the SA pathway when they were elicited simultaneously. The elicitor identity affected the degree of JA-SA interaction. The volatiles induced by the JA pathway in the JA-SA reciprocal synergism treatments included up to 11 additional compounds and the total amount of volatiles was up to 7.9-fold higher. Similarly, the amount of emitted volatiles induced by the SA pathway in the reciprocal synergism treatments increased by up to 4.2-fold. Compared with the volatiles induced by either pathway, the enriched volatiles induced by the JA-SA reciprocal synergism similarly repelled E. grisescens, but attracted Apanteles sp. more strongly. Thus, non-simultaneous activation is important for optimizing the JA-SA reciprocal synergism. This reciprocal synergism enables plants to induce multifarious responses, leading to increased biotic stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chunli Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Nanxia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
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12
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Liu B, Rikisahedew JJ, Tosens T, Niinemets Ü. Acute methyl jasmonate exposure results in major bursts of stress volatiles, but in surprisingly low impact on specialized volatile emissions in the fragrant grass Cymbopogon flexuosus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 274:153721. [PMID: 35597107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an airborne hormonal elicitor that induces a fast rise of emissions of characteristic stress marker compounds methanol and green leaf volatiles (GLV), and a longer-term release of volatile terpenoids, but there is limited information of how terpene emissions respond to MeJA in terpene-storing species. East-Indian lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus), an aromatic herb with a large terpenoid storage pool in idioblasts, was used to investigate the short- (0-1 h) and long-term (1-16 h) responses of leaf net assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (Gs) and volatile emissions to MeJA concentrations ranging from moderate to lethal. Both A and Gs were increasingly inhibited with increasing MeJA concentration in both short and long term. MeJA exposure resulted in a rapid elicitation, within 1 h after exposure, of methanol and GLV emissions. Subsequently, a secondary rise of GLV emissions was observed, peaking at 2 h after MeJA exposure for the highest and at 8 h for the lowest application concentration. The total amount and maximum emission rate of methanol and the first and second GLV emission bursts were positively correlated with MeJA concentration. Unexpectedly, no de novo elicitation of terpene emissions was observed through the experiment. Although high MeJA application concentrations led to visible lesions and desiccation in extensive leaf regions, this did not result in breakage of terpene-storing idioblasts. The study highlights an overall insensitivity of lemongrass to MeJA and indicates that differently from mechanical wounding, MeJA-driven cellular death does not break terpene-storing cells. Further studies are needed to characterize the sensitivity of induced defense responses in species with strongly developed constitutive defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Jesamine Jöneva Rikisahedew
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia.
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13
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Apicella PV, Sands LB, Ma Y, Berkowitz GA. Delineating genetic regulation of cannabinoid biosynthesis during female flower development in Cannabis sativa. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e412. [PMID: 35774623 PMCID: PMC9219008 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids are predominantly produced in the glandular trichomes on cannabis female flowers. There is little known on how cannabinoid biosynthesis is regulated during female flower development. We aim to understand the rate-limiting step(s) in the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the transcript levels of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes together with cannabinoid contents during 7 weeks of female flower development. We demonstrated that the enzymatic steps for producing cannabigerol (CBG), which involve genes GPPS, PT, TKS, and OAC, could rate limit cannabinoid biosynthesis. Our findings further suggest that upregulation of cannabinoid synthases, CBDAS and THCAS in a commercial hemp and medical marijuana variety, respectively, is not critical for cannabinoid biosynthesis. The cannabinoid biosynthetic genes are generally upregulated during flower maturation; increased expression occurs coincident with glandular trichome development and cannabinoid production in the maturing flower. The results also suggest that different cannabis varieties may experience discrete transcriptional regulation of cannabinoid biosynthetic genes. In addition, we showed that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can potentially increase cannabinoid production. We propose that biweekly applications of 100 μM MeJA starting from flower initiation would be efficacious for promoting cannabinoid biosynthesis. Our findings provide important genetic information for cannabis breeding to generate new varieties with favorable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Apicella
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Lauren B. Sands
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Yi Ma
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Gerald A. Berkowitz
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology LaboratoryUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
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14
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Liu B, Kaurilind E, Zhang L, Okereke CN, Remmel T, Niinemets Ü. Improved plant heat shock resistance is introduced differently by heat and insect infestation: the role of volatile emission traits. Oecologia 2022; 199:53-68. [PMID: 35471619 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses confronted by plants under global climate change. Plant exposure to abiotic or biotic stress can improve its tolerance to subsequent severe episodes of the same or different stress (stress priming), but so far there is limited comparative information about how pre-exposures to different abiotic and biotic elicitors alter plant resistance to severe heat stress. We exposed the perennial herb Melilotus albus Medik., a species rich in secondary metabolites, to moderate heat stress (35 °C) and greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum West.) infestation to comparatively determine whether both pre-treatments could enhance plant tolerance to the subsequent heat shock (45 °C) stress. Plant physiological responses to stress were characterized by photosynthetic traits and volatile organic compound emissions through 72 h recovery. Heat shock treatment reduced net assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance in all plants, but heat-primed plants had significantly faster rates of recovery of A than other plants. By the end of the recovery period, A in none of the three heat shock-stressed groups recovered to the control level, but in whitefly-infested plants it reached the pre-heat shock level. In heat-primed plants, the heat shock treatment was associated with a fast rise of monoterpene emissions, and in whitefly-infested plants with benzenoid emissions and an increase in total phenolic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Chikodinaka N Okereke
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triinu Remmel
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia
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15
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Genome-Wide Identification of the NAC Gene Family in Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Their Transcriptional Responses to Drought Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094769. [PMID: 35563160 PMCID: PMC9103986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are one of the largest plant-specific TF families and play a pivotal role in adaptation to abiotic stresses. The genome-wide analysis of NAC TFs is still absent in Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Here, 109 ZbNAC proteins were identified from the Z. bungeanum genome and were classified into four groups with Arabidopsis NAC proteins. The 109 ZbNAC genes were unevenly distributed on 46 chromosomes and included 4 tandem duplication events and 17 segmental duplication events. Synteny analysis of six species pairs revealed the closely phylogenetic relationship between Z. bungeanum and C. sinensis. Twenty-four types of cis-elements were identified in the ZbNAC promoters and were classified into three types: abiotic stress, plant growth and development, and response to phytohormones. Co-expression network analysis of the ZbNACs revealed 10 hub genes, and their expression levels were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, ZbNAC007, ZbNAC018, ZbNAC047, ZbNAC072, and ZbNAC079 were considered the pivotal NAC genes for drought tolerance in Z. bungeanum. This study represented the first genome-wide analysis of the NAC family in Z. bungeanum, improving our understanding of NAC proteins and providing useful information for molecular breeding of Z. bungeanum.
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16
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Gómez K, Quenguan F, Aristizabal D, Escobar G, Quiñones W, García-Beltrán O, Durango D. Elicitation of isoflavonoids in Colombian edible legume plants with jasmonates and structurally related compounds. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08979. [PMID: 35243097 PMCID: PMC8873548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) seedlings were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA); then, dose-response and time-course experiments were carried out. Isoflavonoid composition was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. As a result of MeJA induction, all leguminous plants increase the amount of isoflavonoids, at levels that depend on the concentration of the elicitor and the time after induction. However, the application of MeJA in concentrations higher than 2.22 mM showed deleterious effects on seedlings and strong decreases in the concentration of isoflavonoids. In addition, a series of compounds structurally related to MeJA, such as jasmonic acid, cis-jasmone, coronatine, and indanoyl derivatives, were evaluated as elicitors. The results show that coronatine and the indanoyl-amino acids conjugates displayed a significant elicitor effect of isoflavonoids in common bean (cvs. Cargamanto Mocho and Corpoica LAS 106) and soybean (cv. Soyica P-34) seedlings, even higher than that found with the recognized elicitors, benzo (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (acibenzolar S-methyl) and benzo-(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (acibenzolar acid). Leguminous plants can be treated with jasmonates and indanoyl derivatives to increase levels of bioactive isoflavonoids and consequently improve biological and functional properties and resistance against pests. The accumulation of isoflavonoids in edible legume seedlings treated with jasmonates and structurally related compounds was analyzed. Time-course and dose-response experiments were performed using methyl jasmonate as elicitor. The application of jasmonates and structurally related compounds increased the concentration of bioactive isoflavonoids. The amount of isoflavonoids depended on the cultivar, the concentration and structure of the elicitor, and the post-induction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, Nº 59-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Franklin Quenguan
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, Nº 59-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diego Aristizabal
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, Nº 59-110, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Escobar
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Winston Quiñones
- Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N° 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Olimpo García-Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, 730002, Colombia.,Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), General Gana 1702, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
| | - Diego Durango
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Carrera 65, Nº 59-110, Medellín, Colombia
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17
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Tong Y, Hu T, Tu L, Chen K, Liu T, Su P, Song Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Gao W. Functional characterization and substrate promiscuity of sesquiterpene synthases from Tripterygium wilfordii. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:949-958. [PMID: 34237366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic terpenes, commonly found in plants, are of high physiological importance and commercial value, and their diversity was controlled by different terpene synthases. During the screen of sesquiterpene synthases from Tripterygium wilfordii, we observed that Ses-TwTPS1-1 and Ses-TwTPS2 promiscuously accepted GPP, FPP, and GGPP to produce corresponding terpene alcohols (linalool/nerolidol/geranyllinalool). The Ses-TwTPS1-2, Ses-TwTPS3, and Ses-TwTPS4 also showed unusual substrate promiscuity by catalyzing GGPP or GPP in addition to FPP as substrate. Furthermore, key residues for the generation of diterpene product, (E, E)-geranyllinalool, were screened depending on mutagenesis studies. The functional analysis of Ses-TwTPS1-1:V199I and Ses-TwTPS1-2:I199V showed that Val in 199 site assisted the produce of diterpene product geranyllinalool by enzyme mutation studies, which indicated that subtle differences away from the active site could alter the product outcome. Moreover, an engineered sesquiterpene high-yielding yeast that produced 162 mg/L nerolidol in shake flask conditions was constructed to quickly identify the function of sesquiterpene synthases in vivo and develop potential applications in microbial fermentation. Our functional characterization of acyclic sesquiterpene synthases will give some insights into the substrate promiscuity of diverse acyclic terpene synthases and provide key residues for expanding the product portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, PR China
| | - Lichan Tu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Kang Chen
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Tiezheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ping Su
- Department of Chemistry, the Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yadi Song
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Wei Gao
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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18
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Jiang Y, Ye J, Niinemets Ü. Dose-dependent methyl jasmonate effects on photosynthetic traits and volatile emissions: biphasic kinetics and stomatal regulation. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1917169. [PMID: 33879022 PMCID: PMC8204986 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1917169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been extensively used to study jasmonate-dependent signaling events triggered by biotic stresses. MeJA application leads to complex jasmonate-dependent physiological responses, including changes in stomatal openness and induction of emissions of a multitude of volatile compounds. Whether the alterations in stomatal conductance and emissions of MeJA-induced volatiles are quantitatively associated with MeJA dose, and whether the induced volatile emissions are regulated by modifications in stomatal conductance had been poorly known until recently. Our latest studies highlighted a biphasic kinetics of jasmonate-dependent volatile emissions induced by MeJA treatment in the model species cucumber (Cucumis sativus), indicating induction of an immediate stress response and subsequent gene-expression level response. Both the immediate and delayed responses were MeJA dose-dependent. The studies further demonstrated that stomata modulated the kinetics of emissions of water-soluble volatiles in a MeJA dose-dependent manner. These studies contribute to understanding of plant short- and long-term responses to different biotic stress severities as simulated by treatments with a range of MeJA doses corresponding to mild to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, NanjingChina
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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19
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Liu B, Zhang L, Rusalepp L, Kaurilind E, Sulaiman HY, Püssa T, Niinemets Ü. Heat priming improved heat tolerance of photosynthesis, enhanced terpenoid and benzenoid emission and phenolics accumulation in Achillea millefolium. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2365-2385. [PMID: 32583881 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of heat priming, triggering alteration of secondary metabolite pathway fluxes and pools to enhance heat tolerance is not well understood. Achillea millefolium is an important medicinal herbal plant, rich in terpenoids and phenolics. In this study, the potential of heat priming treatment (35°C for 1 hr) to enhance tolerance of Achillea plants upon subsequent heat shock (45°C for 5 min) stress was investigated through recovery (0.5-72 hr). The priming treatment itself had minor impacts on photosynthesis, led to moderate increases in the emission of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles and isoprene, and to major elicitation of monoterpene and benzaldehyde emissions in late stages of recovery. Upon subsequent heat shock, in primed plants, the rise in LOX and reduction in photosynthetic rate (A) was much less, stomatal conductance (gs ) was initially enhanced, terpene emissions were greater and recovery of A occurred faster, indicating enhanced heat tolerance. Additionally, primed plants accumulated higher contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins at the end of the recovery. These results collectively indicate that heat priming improved photosynthesis upon subsequent heat shock by enhancing gs and synthesis of volatile and non-volatile secondary compounds with antioxidative characteristics, thereby maintaining the integrity of leaf membranes under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linda Rusalepp
- Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hassan Yusuf Sulaiman
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Püssa
- Chair of Food Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
- School of Forestry and Bio-Technology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Kask K, Kaurilind E, Talts E, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Combined Acute Ozone and Water Stress Alters the Quantitative Relationships between O 3 Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Volatile Emissions in Brassica nigra. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113114. [PMID: 34070994 PMCID: PMC8197083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) entry into plant leaves depends on atmospheric O3 concentration, exposure time and openness of stomata. O3 negatively impacts photosynthesis rate (A) and might induce the release of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can quench O3, and thereby partly ameliorate O3 stress. Water stress reduces stomatal conductance (gs) and O3 uptake and can affect VOC release and O3 quenching by VOC, but the interactive effects of O3 exposure and water stress, as possibly mediated by VOC, are poorly understood. Well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) Brassica nigra plants were exposed to 250 and 550 ppb O3 for 1 h, and O3 uptake rates, photosynthetic characteristics and VOC emissions were measured through 22 h recovery. The highest O3 uptake was observed in WW plants exposed to 550 ppb O3 with the greatest reduction and poorest recovery of gs and A, and elicitation of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles 10 min-1.5 h after exposure indicating cellular damage. Ozone uptake was similar in 250 ppb WW and 550 ppb WS plants and, in both treatments, O3-dependent reduction in photosynthetic characteristics was moderate and fully reversible, and VOC emissions were little affected. Water stress alone did not affect the total amount and composition of VOC emissions. The results indicate that drought ameliorated O3 stress by reducing O3 uptake through stomatal closure and the two stresses operated in an antagonistic manner in B. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Eero Talts
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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21
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Su Y, Huang Y, Dong X, Wang R, Tang M, Cai J, Chen J, Zhang X, Nie G. Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Improves Heat Tolerance of Perennial Ryegrass Through Alteration of Osmotic Adjustment, Antioxidant Defense, and Expression of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664519. [PMID: 34025701 PMCID: PMC8137847 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an important cool-season grass species that is widely cultivated in temperate regions worldwide but usually sensitive to heat stress. Jasmonates (JAs) may have a positive effect on plant tolerance under heat stress. In this study, results showed that exogenous methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) could significantly improve heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass through alteration of osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense, and the expression of JA-responsive genes. MeJA-induced heat tolerance was involved in the maintenance of better relative water content (RWC), the decline of chlorophyll (Chl) loss for photosynthetic maintenance, as well as maintained lower electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content under heat condition, so as to avoid further damage to plants. Besides, results also indicated that exogenous MeJA treatment could increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), thus enhancing the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species, alleviating the oxidative damage caused by heat stress. Heat stress and exogenous MeJA upregulated transcript levels of related genes (LpLOX2, LpAOC, LpOPR3, and LpJMT) in JA biosynthetic pathway, which also could enhance the accumulation of JA and MeJA content. Furthermore, some NAC transcription factors and heat shock proteins may play a positive role in enhancing resistance of perennial ryegrass with heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Forage Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Forage Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Ederli L, Salerno G, Quaglia M. In the tripartite combination Botrytis cinerea-Arabidopsis-Eurydema oleracea, the fungal pathogen alters the plant-insect interaction via jasmonic acid signalling activation and inducible plant-emitted volatiles. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:523-533. [PMID: 33738682 PMCID: PMC8106584 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In ecosystems, plants are continuously challenged by combined stress conditions more than by a single biotic or abiotic factor. Consequently, in recent years studies on plant relationships with multiple stresses have aroused increasing interest. Here, the impact of inoculation with fungal pathogens with different lifestyles on Arabidopsis plants response to the following infestation with the invasive crop pest Eurydema oleracea was investigated. In particular, as fungal pathogens the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea and the biotroph Golovinomyces orontii were used. Plants exposed to B. cinerea, but not to G. orontii, showed reduced herbivore feeding damage. This difference was associated to different hormonal pathways triggered by the pathogens: G. orontii only induced the salicylate-mediated pathway, while B. cinerea stimulated also the jasmonate-dependent signalling, which persisted for a long time providing a long-term defence to further herbivore attack. In particular, the lower susceptibility of B. cinerea-infected Arabidopsis plants to E. oleracea was related to the stimulation of the JA-induced pathway on the production of plant volatile compounds, since treatment with VOCs emitted by B. cinerea inoculated plants inhibited both insect plant choice and feeding damage. These results indicate that necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungi modulate host volatile emission, thus affecting plant response to subsequent insect, thereby increasing the knowledge on tripartite plant-microbe-insect interactions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ederli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy.
| | - Mara Quaglia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, Perugia, 06121, Italy
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23
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Razi K, Muneer S. Drought stress-induced physiological mechanisms, signaling pathways and molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:669-691. [PMID: 33525946 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most adverse abiotic stresses that hinder plants' growth and productivity, threatening sustainable crop production. It impairs normal growth, disturbs water relations and reduces water-use efficiency in plants. However, plants have evolved many physiological and biochemical responses at the cellular and organism levels, in order to cope with drought stress. Photosynthesis, which is considered one of the most crucial biological processes for survival of plants, is greatly affected by drought stress. A gradual decrease in CO2 assimilation rates, reduced leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation under drought stress, disturbs plant water relations, reducing water-use efficiency, disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange affecting the plants adversely. In such conditions, the chloroplast, organelle responsible for photosynthesis, is found to counteract the ill effects of drought stress by its critical involvement as a sensor of changes occurring in the environment, as the first process that drought stress affects is photosynthesis. Beside photosynthesis, chloroplasts carry out primary metabolic functions such as the biosynthesis of starch, amino acids, lipids, and tetrapyroles, and play a central role in the assimilation of nitrogen and sulfur. Because the chloroplasts are central organelles where the photosynthetic reactions take place, modifications in their physiology and protein pools are expected in response to the drought stress-induced variations in leaf gas exchanges and the accumulation of ROS. Higher expression levels of various transcription factors and other proteins including heat shock-related protein, LEA proteins seem to be regulating the heat tolerance mechanisms. However, several aspects of plastid alterations, following a water deficit environment are still poorly characterized. Since plants adapt to various stress tolerance mechanisms to respond to drought stress, understanding mechanisms of drought stress tolerance in plants will lead toward the development of drought tolerance in crop plants. This review throws light on major droughts stress-induced molecular/physiological mechanisms in response to severe and prolonged drought stress and addresses the molecular response of chloroplasts in common vegetable crops. It further highlights research gaps, identifying unexplored domains and suggesting recommendations for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaukab Razi
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.,School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbiya Muneer
- Horticulture and Molecular Physiology Lab, School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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You MK, Lee YJ, Yu JS, Ha SH. The Predicted Functional Compartmentation of Rice Terpenoid Metabolism by Trans-Prenyltransferase Structural Analysis, Expression and Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8927. [PMID: 33255547 PMCID: PMC7728057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most terpenoids are derived from the basic terpene skeletons of geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP, C10), farnesyl-PP (FPP, C15) and geranylgeranyl-PP (GGPP, C20). The trans-prenyltransferases (PTs) mediate the sequential head-to-tail condensation of an isopentenyl-PP (C5) with allylic substrates. The in silico structural comparative analyses of rice trans-PTs with 136 plant trans-PT genes allowed twelve rice PTs to be identified as GGPS_LSU (OsGGPS1), homomeric G(G)PS (OsGPS) and GGPS_SSU-II (OsGRP) in Group I; two solanesyl-PP synthase (OsSPS2 and 3) and two polyprenyl-PP synthases (OsSPS1 and 4) in Group II; and five FPSs (OsFPS1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) in Group III. Additionally, several residues in "three floors" for the chain length and several essential domains for enzymatic activities specifically varied in rice, potentiating evolutionarily rice-specific biochemical functions of twelve trans-PTs. Moreover, expression profiling and localization patterns revealed their functional compartmentation in rice. Taken together, we propose the predicted topology-based working model of rice PTs with corresponding terpene metabolites: GPP/GGPPs mainly in plastoglobuli, SPPs in stroma, PPPs in cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplast and FPPs in cytosol. Our findings could be suitably applied to metabolic engineering for producing functional terpene metabolites in rice systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung You
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.Y.)
| | | | | | - Sun-Hwa Ha
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.Y.)
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25
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Xiong B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ma M, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Wang B, Wang T, Lv X, Wang X, Wang J, Deng H, Wang Z. Alleviation of drought stress and the physiological mechanisms in Citrus cultivar ( Huangguogan) treated with methyl jasmonate. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1958-1965. [PMID: 32450767 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1771676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in alleviating drought stress was investigated on Huangguogan. Except for intercellular CO2 concentration, MeJA had little effect on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate under drought stress. Compared with drought stress, MeJA significantly alleviated the decrease of chlorophyll content. However, chlorophyll a/b ratio was significantly increased. MeJA significantly increased proline and soluble sugar contents, significantly decreased the O2 -· and H2O2 levels, and increased SOD and POD activities. In addition, the MDA content of drought stress was the highest of all treatments. MeJA significantly reduced MDA content in drought-stressed Huangguogan leaves. Although the Ascorbic acid (AsA) contents of 500 and 1000 mg L-1 MeJA treatments were lower than that of 250 mg L-1 MeJA, but all concentration of MeJA treatments delayed the decline of AsA content. Therefore, MeJA could induce drought stress tolerance by increasing the osmotic adjustment substances and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Bozhi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Tie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
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26
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Role of Stomatal Conductance in Modifying the Dose Response of Stress-Volatile Emissions in Methyl Jasmonate Treated Leaves of Cucumber ( Cucumis sativa). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031018. [PMID: 32033119 PMCID: PMC7038070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment by volatile plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) leads to release of methanol and volatiles of lipoxygenase pathway (LOX volatiles) in a dose-dependent manner, but how the dose dependence is affected by stomatal openness is poorly known. We studied the rapid (0-60 min after treatment) response of stomatal conductance (Gs), net assimilation rate (A), and LOX and methanol emissions to varying MeJA concentrations (0.2-50 mM) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaves with partly open stomata and in leaves with reduced Gs due to drought and darkness. Exposure to MeJA led to initial opening of stomata due to an osmotic shock, followed by MeJA concentration-dependent reduction in Gs, whereas A initially decreased, followed by recovery for lower MeJA concentrations and time-dependent decline for higher MeJA concentrations. Methanol and LOX emissions were elicited in a MeJA concentration-dependent manner, whereas the peak methanol emissions (15-20 min after MeJA application) preceded LOX emissions (20-60 min after application). Furthermore, peak methanol emissions occurred earlier in treatments with higher MeJA concentration, while the opposite was observed for LOX emissions. This difference reflected the circumstance where the rise of methanol release partly coincided with MeJA-dependent stomatal opening, while stronger stomatal closure at higher MeJA concentrations progressively delayed peak LOX emissions. We further observed that drought-dependent reduction in Gs ameliorated MeJA effects on foliage physiological characteristics, underscoring that MeJA primarily penetrates through the stomata. However, despite reduced Gs, dark pretreatment amplified stress-volatile release upon MeJA treatment, suggesting that increased leaf oxidative status due to sudden illumination can potentiate the MeJA response. Taken together, these results collectively demonstrate that the MeJA dose response of volatile emission is controlled by stomata that alter MeJA uptake and volatile release kinetics and by leaf oxidative status in a complex manner.
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27
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Tian R, Gu W, Gu Y, Geng C, Xu F, Wu Q, Chao J, Xue W, Zhou C, Wang F. Methyl jasmonate promote protostane triterpenes accumulation by up-regulating the expression of squalene epoxidases in Alisma orientale. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18139. [PMID: 31792343 PMCID: PMC6889204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protostane triterpenes, which are found in Alisma orientale, are tetracyclic triterpenes with distinctive pharmacological activities. The natural distribution of protostane triterpenes is limited mainly to members of the botanical family Alismataceae. Squalene epoxidase (SE) is the key rate-limiting enzyme in triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, we report the characterization of two SEs from A. orientale. AoSE1 and AoSE2 were expressed as fusion proteins in E. coli, and the purified proteins were used in functional research. In vitro enzyme assays showed that AoSE1 and AoSE2 catalyze the formation of oxidosqualene from squalene. Immunoassays revealed that the tubers contain the highest levels of AoSE1 and AoSE2. After MeJA induction, which is the main elicitor of triterpene biosynthesis, the contents of 2,3-oxidosqualene and alisol B 23-acetate increased by 1.96- and 2.53-fold, respectively. In addition, the expression of both AoSE proteins was significantly increased at four days after MeJA treatment. The contents of 2,3-oxidosqualene and alisol B 23-acetate were also positively correlated with AoSEs expression at different times after MeJA treatment. These results suggest that AoSE1 and AoSE2 are the key regulatory points in protostane triterpenes biosynthesis, and that MeJA regulates the biosynthesis of these compounds by increasing the expression of AoSE1 and AoSE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuchen Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianguo Chao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenda Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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28
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Kanagendran A, Chatterjee P, Liu B, Sa T, Pazouki L, Niinemets Ü. Foliage inoculation by Burkholderia vietnamiensis CBMB40 antagonizes methyl jasmonate-mediated stress in Eucalyptus grandis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 242:153032. [PMID: 31491672 PMCID: PMC6863749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is widely used as a model chemical to study hypersensitive responses to biotic stress impacts in plants. Elevated levels of methyl jasmonate induce jasmonate-dependent defense responses, associated with a decline in primary metabolism and enhancement of secondary metabolism of plants. However, there is no information of how stress resistance of plants, and accordingly the sensitivity to exogenous MeJA can be decreased by endophytic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) harboring ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase. In this study, we estimated stress alleviating potential of endophytic PGPR against MeJA-induced plant perturbations through assessing photosynthetic traits and stress volatile emissions. We used mild (5 mM) to severe (20 mM) MeJA and endophytic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Burkholderia vietnamiensis CBMB40 and studied how MeJA and B. vietnamiensis treatments influenced temporal changes in photosynthetic characteristics and stress volatile emissions. Separate application of MeJA markedly decreased photosynthetic characteristics and increased lipoxygenase pathway (LOX) volatiles, volatile isoprenoids, saturated aldehydes, lightweight oxygenated compounds (LOC), geranyl-geranyl diphosphate pathway (GGDP) volatiles, and benzenoids. However, MeJA-treated leaves inoculated by endophytic bacteria B. vietnamiensis had substantially increased photosynthetic characteristics and decreased emissions of LOX, volatile isoprenoids and other stress volatiles compared with non-inoculated MeJA treatments, especially at later stages of recovery. In addition, analysis of leaf terpenoid contents demonstrated that several mono- and sesquiterpenes were de novo synthesized upon MeJA and B. vietnamiensis applications. This study demonstrates that foliar application of endophytic bacteria B. vietnamiensis can potentially enhance resistance to biotic stresses and contribute to the maintenance of the integrity of plant metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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29
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Turan S, Kask K, Kanagendran A, Li S, Anni R, Talts E, Rasulov B, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Lethal heat stress-dependent volatile emissions from tobacco leaves: what happens beyond the thermal edge? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5017-5030. [PMID: 31289830 PMCID: PMC6850906 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural vegetation is predicted to suffer from extreme heat events as a result of global warming. In this study, we focused on the immediate response to heat stress. Photosynthesis and volatile emissions were measured in the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38) after exposure to heat shock treatments between 46 °C and 55 °C. Exposure to 46 °C decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates (A) by >3-fold. Complete inhibition of A was observed at 49 °C, together with a simultaneous decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, measured as the Fv/Fm ratio. A large increase in volatile emissions was observed at 52 °C. Heat stress resulted in only minor effects on the emission of monoterpenes, but volatiles associated with membrane damage such as propanal and (E)-2-hexenal+(Z)-3-hexenol were greatly increased. Heat induced changes in the levels of methanol and 2-ethylfuran that are indicative of modification of cell walls. In addition, the oxidation of metabolites in the volatile profiles was strongly enhanced, suggesting the acceleration of oxidative processes at high temperatures that are beyond the thermal tolerance limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satpal Turan
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Kaia Kask
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Rinaldo Anni
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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30
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Chiu YC, Matak K, Ku KM. Methyl jasmonate treated broccoli: Impact on the production of glucosinolates and consumer preferences. Food Chem 2019; 299:125099. [PMID: 31299513 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Applying methyl jasmonate can mimic the defense response to insect damage in broccoli and enhances the production of glucosinolates, especially inducible indolyl GS-neoglucobrassicin. Previous studies have suggested that glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products are anti-carcinogenic. Therefore, MeJA treatment may increase the nutritional quality of broccoli. However, there are few reports on the sensory evaluation and consumer acceptance of MeJA-treated broccoli. In this study, an untrained consumer panel could not detect any taste differences between steamed MeJA-treated and untreated broccoli, even though the steamed MeJA-treated broccoli contained 50% more glucosinolates than untreated broccoli. The partial least square-regression model suggested that neoglucobrassicin-derived hydrolysis compounds were the major metabolites that determined overall preference for raw MeJA-treated broccoli potentially due to their potential negative sensory qualities. The results imply that MeJA treatment can increase the nutritional quality of broccoli without sacrificing taste in precooked meals or frozen vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chiu
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kristen Matak
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61886, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Chatterjee P, Kanagendran A, Samaddar S, Pazouki L, Sa TM, Niinemets Ü. Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 influences photosynthetic traits, volatile emission and ethylene metabolism in Oryza sativa genotypes grown in salt stress conditions. PLANTA 2019; 249:1903-1919. [PMID: 30877435 PMCID: PMC6875431 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03139-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Inoculation of endophytic Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 in salt-stressed rice plants improves photosynthesis and reduces stress volatile emissions due to mellowing of ethylene-dependent responses and activating vacuolar H+-ATPase. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase-producing Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 in acclimation of plant to salt stress by controlling photosynthetic characteristics and volatile emission in salt-sensitive (IR29) and moderately salt-resistant (FL478) rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Saline levels of 50 mM and 100 mM NaCl with and without bacteria inoculation were applied, and the temporal changes in stress response and salinity resistance were assessed by monitoring photosynthetic characteristics, ACC accumulation, ACC oxidase activity (ACO), vacuolar H+ ATPase activity, and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Salt stress considerably reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, PSII efficiency and vacuolar H+ ATPase activity, but it increased ACC accumulation, ACO activity, green leaf volatiles, mono- and sesquiterpenes, and other stress volatiles. These responses were enhanced with increasing salt stress and time. However, rice cultivars treated with CBMB20 showed improved plant vacuolar H+ ATPase activity, photosynthetic characteristics and decreased ACC accumulation, ACO activity and VOC emission. The bacteria-dependent changes were greater in the IR29 cultivar. These results indicate that decreasing photosynthesis and vacuolar H+ ATPase activity rates and increasing VOC emission rates in response to high-salinity stress were effectively mitigated by M. oryzae CBMB20 inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sandipan Samaddar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Tong-Min Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Rasulov B, Talts E, Niinemets Ü. A novel approach for real-time monitoring of leaf wounding responses demonstrates unprecedently fast and high emissions of volatiles from cut leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:256-265. [PMID: 31128696 PMCID: PMC6837861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Wounding is a key plant stress that results in a rapid, within seconds to a few minutes, release of ubiquitous stress volatiles and stored volatiles in species with storage structures. Understanding the timing and extent of wound-dependent volatile elicitation is needed to gain an insight into different emission controls, but real-time monitoring of plant emissions through wounding treatments has been hampered by the need to stop the measurements to perform the wounding, slow stabilization of gas flows upon chamber closure and smearing out the signal by large chambers and long sampling lines. We developed a novel leaf cutter that allows to rapidly perform highly precise leaf cuts within the leaf chamber. The cutter was fitted to the standard Walz GFS-3000 portable gas-exchange system leaf chamber and chamber exhaust air for analysis with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass-spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was taken right at the leaf chamber outlet. Wounding experiments in four species of contrasting leaf structure demonstrated significant species differences in timing, extent and blend of emitted volatiles, and showed unprecedently high emission rates of several stress volatiles and stored monoterpenes. In light of the rapid rise of release of de novo synthesized and stored volatiles, the results of this study suggest that past studies have underestimated the rate of elicitation and maximum emission rates of wound-dependent volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahtijor Rasulov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Talts
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Agathokleous E, Belz RG, Calatayud V, De Marco A, Hoshika Y, Kitao M, Saitanis CJ, Sicard P, Paoletti E, Calabrese EJ. Predicting the effect of ozone on vegetation via linear non-threshold (LNT), threshold and hormetic dose-response models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:61-74. [PMID: 30172135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The nature of the dose-response relationship in the low dose zone and how this concept may be used by regulatory agencies for science-based policy guidance and risk assessment practices are addressed here by using the effects of surface ozone (O3) on plants as a key example for dynamic ecosystems sustainability. This paper evaluates the current use of the linear non-threshold (LNT) dose-response model for O3. The LNT model has been typically applied in limited field studies which measured damage from high exposures, and used to estimate responses to lower concentrations. This risk assessment strategy ignores the possibility of biological acclimation to low doses of stressor agents. The upregulation of adaptive responses by low O3 concentrations typically yields pleiotropic responses, with some induced endpoints displaying hormetic-like biphasic dose-response relationships. Such observations recognize the need for risk assessment flexibility depending upon the endpoints measured, background responses, as well as possible dose-time compensatory responses. Regulatory modeling strategies would be significantly improved by the adoption of the hormetic dose response as a formal/routine risk assessment option based on its substantial support within the literature, capacity to describe the entire dose-response continuum, documented explanatory dose-dependent mechanisms, and flexibility to default to a threshold feature when background responses preclude application of biphasic dose responses. CAPSULE The processes of ozone hazard and risk assessment can be enhanced by incorporating hormesis into their principles and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Regina G Belz
- University of Hohenheim, Agroecology Unit, Hans-Ruthenberg Institute, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Vicent Calatayud
- Instituto Universitario CEAM-UMH, Charles R. Darwin 14, Parc Tecnològic, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment (ENEA), C.R. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, Rome 00123, Italy.
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Costas J Saitanis
- Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece.
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 route du Pin Montard, BP 234, Sophia Antipolis Cedex 06904, France.
| | - Elena Paoletti
- National Council of Research, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Ye J, Jiang Y, Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Niinemets Ü. Petiole gall aphid ( Pemphigus spyrothecae) infestation of Populus × petrovskiana leaves alters foliage photosynthetic characteristics and leads to enhanced emissions of both constitutive and stress-induced volatiles. TREES (BERLIN, GERMANY : WEST) 2019; 33:37-51. [PMID: 31700201 PMCID: PMC6837882 DOI: 10.1007/s00468-018-1756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poplar spiral gall aphid (Pemphigus spyrothecae) forms galls on the petiole in poplars (Populus) and mass infestations are frequent in poplar stands, but how these parasite gall infestations can affect the leaf lamina structure, photosynthetic rate and constitutive and stress volatile emissions is unknown. We investigated how the infestation by the petiole gall aphids affects lamina photosynthetic characteristics (net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance), C and N contents, and constitutive isoprene and induced volatile emissions in Populus × petrovskiana. The dry gall mass per leaf dry mass (M g/M l) was used as a quantitative measure of the severity of gall infestation. Very high fraction of leaf biomass was invested in gall formation with M g/M l varying between 0.5-2. Over the whole range of the infestation severities, net assimilation rate per area, leaf dry mass per unit area and N content decreased with increasing the severity of infestation. In contrast, stomatal conductance, leaf dry mass per fresh mass, constitutive isoprene emissions, and induced green leaf volatile (GLV), monoterpene, sesquiterpene and benzenoid emissions increased with increasing the severity of gall infestation. The rates of induced emissions were low and these emissions were associated with methyl jasmonate release from leaf laminas. The data demonstrate that petiole gall infestations lead to major changes in leaf lamina sink-source relationships and leaf water relations, thereby significantly altering lamina photosynthesis. Modifications in stress-induced emissions likely indicated systemic signaling triggered by jasmonate transported from the petiole galls to the lamina where jasmonate elicited a cascade of volatile emission responses. Enhance isoprene emissions and induced volatile emissions can play a major role in indirect defense against other herbivores, securing the food source for the gall aphids. In conclusion, a massive infestation by petiole gall aphids can profoundly modify the foliage photosynthetic performance and volatile emission profiles in poplars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Corresponding author,
| | - Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Chatterjee P, Kanagendran A, Samaddar S, Pazouki L, Sa TM, Niinemets Ü. Inoculation of Brevibacterium linens RS16 in Oryza sativa genotypes enhanced salinity resistance: Impacts on photosynthetic traits and foliar volatile emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:721-732. [PMID: 30031330 PMCID: PMC6354898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The emission of volatiles in response to salt stress in rice cultivars has not been studied much to date. Studies addressing the regulation of stress induced volatile emission by halotolerant plant growth promoting bacteria containing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase are also limited. The objective of the present study was to investigate the salt alleviation potential of bacteria by regulating photosynthetic characteristics and volatile emissions in rice cultivars, and to compare the effects of the bacteria inoculation and salt responses between two rice genotypes. The interactive effects of soil salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and inoculation with Brevibacterium linens RS16 on ACC accumulation, ACC oxidase activity, carbon assimilation and stress volatile emissions after stress application were studied in the moderately salt resistant (FL478) and the salt-sensitive (IR29) rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. It was observed that salt stress reduced foliage photosynthetic rate, but induced foliage ACC accumulation, foliage ACC oxidase activity, and the emissions of all the major classes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including the lipoxygenase pathway volatiles, light-weight oxygenated volatiles, long-chained saturated aldehydes, benzenoids, geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway products, and mono- and sesquiterpenes. All these characteristics scaled up quantitatively with increasing salt stress. The effects of salt stress were more pronounced in the salt-sensitive genotype IR29 compared to the moderately salt resistant FL478 genotype. However, the bacterial inoculation significantly enhanced photosynthesis, and decreased ACC accumulation and the ACC oxidase activity, and VOC emissions both in control and salt-treated plants. Taken together, these results suggested that the ACC deaminase-containing Brevibacterium linens RS16 reduces the temporal regulation of VOC emissions and increases the plant physiological activity by reducing the availability of ethylene precursor ACC and the ACC oxidase activity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Sandipan Samaddar
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tong-Min Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Jiang Y, Ownley BH, Chen F. Terpenoids from Weedy Ricefield Flatsedge ( Cyperus iria L.) Are Developmentally Regulated and Stress-Induced, and have Antifungal Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:E3149. [PMID: 30513639 PMCID: PMC6320843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricefield flatsedge (Cyperus iria L.), a troublesome weed in rice production, actively adapts to ecological niches. In this study, terpenoids were identified as the dominant compounds from organic extracts of C. iria leaves. To understand the role of terpenoid production in plant development and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, the dynamics of terpenoid production at different developmental stages, and the regulation of these compounds by stresses were determined. Terpenoid production exhibited temporal and spatial specificity. During vegetative growth, the total concentration of sesquiterpenoids increased and reached a maximum at 70 d after germination, and then decreased until the emergence of inflorescence. Monoterpenoids were only detected from leaves 90 d after germination. During reproductive growth, the total concentration of sesquiterpenoids increased dramatically and mainly accumulated in inflorescences, indicating that the sesquiterpenoids were primarily produced in newly formed and actively growing tissues. The total amount of monoterpenoids, mostly accumulated in flowers, increased until 130 d after germination. Furthermore, accumulation of sesquiterpenoids in leaves was promoted significantly by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and drought treatment. Infestation by beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua, BAW) promoted the emission of total sesquiterpenoids significantly and induced the production of more monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids specifically. Furthermore, volatiles from C. iria leaves had an anti-fungal effect on Fusarium graminearum. The implications of our findings on the biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of sesquiterpenoids in C. iria as well as their potential as fungicides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Bonnie H Ownley
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Liu B, Kaurilind E, Jiang Y, Niinemets Ü. Methyl salicylate differently affects benzenoid and terpenoid volatile emissions in Betula pendula. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1513-1525. [PMID: 29931321 PMCID: PMC6863746 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is a long-distance signal transduction chemical that plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic stress and herbivore and pathogen attacks. However, it is unclear how photosynthesis and elicitation of plant volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different metabolic pathways respond to the dose of MeSA. We applied different MeSA concentrations (0-50 mM) to study how exogenous MeSA alters VOC profiles of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves from application through recovery (0.5-23 h). Methyl salicylate application significantly reduced net assimilation rate in 10 mM and 20 mM MeSA-treated plants. No significant effects of MeSA were observed on the stomatal conductance at any MeSA concentration. Methyl salicylate elicited emissions of benzenoids (BZ), monoterpenes (MT) and fatty acid derived compounds (LOX products). Emission rates of BZ were positively, but emission rates of MT were negatively correlated with MeSA concentration. Total emission of LOX products was not influenced by MeSA concentration. Emission rate of MT was negatively correlated with BZ and the share of MT in the total emission blend decreased and the share of BZ increased with increasing MeSA concentration. Although the share of LOX products was similar across MeSA treatments, some LOX products responded differently to MeSA concentration, ultimately resulting in unique VOC blends. Overall, this study demonstrates inverse responses of MT and BZ to different MeSA doses such that plant defense mechanisms induced by lower MeSA doses mainly lead to enhanced MT synthesis, whereas greater MeSA doses trigger BZ-related defense mechanisms. Our results will contribute to improving the understanding of birch defenses induced upon regular herbivore attacks and pathogen infections in boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life
Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Calabrese EJ. Emission of volatile organic compounds from plants shows a biphasic pattern within an hormetic context. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 239:318-321. [PMID: 29665552 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are released to the atmosphere from vegetation. BVOCs aid in maintaining ecosystem sustainability via a series of functions, however, VOCs can alter tropospheric photochemistry and negatively affect biological organisms at high concentrations. Due to their critical role in ecosystem and environmental sustainability, BVOCs receive particular attention by global change biologists. To understand how plant VOC emissions affect stress responses within a dose-response context, dose responses should be evaluated. This commentary collectively documents hormetic-like responses of plant-emitted VOCs to external stimuli. Hormesis is a generalizable biphasic dose response phenomenon where the response to low doses acts in an opposite way at high doses. These collective findings suggest that ecological implications of low-level stress that may alter BVOC emissions should be considered in future studies. This commentary promotes new insights into the interface between biological systems and environmental change that influence several parts of the globe, and provide a base for advancing hazard assessment testing strategies and protocols to provide decision makers with adequate data for generating environmental standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 062-8516, Japan.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Niinemets Ü, Bravo LA, Copolovici L. Changes in photosynthetic rate and stress volatile emissions through desiccation-rehydration cycles in desiccation-tolerant epiphytic filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1605-1617. [PMID: 29603297 PMCID: PMC6047733 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to recurrent desiccation cycles carries a risk of accumulation of reactive oxygen species that can impair leaf physiological activity upon rehydration, but changes in filmy fern stress status through desiccation and rewatering cycles have been poorly studied. We studied foliage photosynthetic rate and volatile marker compounds characterizing cell wall modifications (methanol) and stress development (lipoxygenase [LOX] pathway volatiles and methanol) through desiccation-rewatering cycles in lower-canopy species Hymenoglossum cruentum and Hymenophyllum caudiculatum, lower- to upper-canopy species Hymenophyllum plicatum and upper-canopy species Hymenophyllum dentatum sampled from a common environment and hypothesized that lower canopy species respond more strongly to desiccation and rewatering. In all species, rates of photosynthesis and LOX volatile emission decreased with progression of desiccation, but LOX emission decreased with a slower rate than photosynthesis. Rewatering first led to an emission burst of LOX volatiles followed by methanol, indicating that the oxidative burst was elicited in the symplast and further propagated to cell walls. Changes in LOX emissions were more pronounced in the upper-canopy species that had a greater photosynthetic activity and likely a greater rate of production of photooxidants. We conclude that rewatering induces the most severe stress in filmy ferns, especially in the upper canopy species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
| | - León A Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias, Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, and Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 1145, Chile
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, Institute of Research, Innovation and Development in Technical and Natural Sciences, "Aurel Vlaicu" University, Romania, 2 Elena Dragoi, Arad, 310330, Romania
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Kanagendran A, Pazouki L, Li S, Liu B, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Ozone-triggered surface uptake and stress volatile emissions in Nicotiana tabacum 'Wisconsin'. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:681-697. [PMID: 29301045 PMCID: PMC5853501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is a strong oxidant and a key stress elicitor. The immediate and longer term impacts of ozone are poorly understood in species with emission of both de novo synthesized and stored volatiles, such a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which has terpene-containing glandular trichomes on the leaf surface. In this study, we exposed N. tabacum 'Wisconsin' leaves to acute ozone doses of 0 (control), 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppb for 30 min and studied the effects of ozone exposure on ozone uptake, gas-exchange characteristics, and emissions of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Foliage emissions of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles were quantitatively related to the severity of ozone exposure, but the stress dose vs. emission relationship was weaker for terpenoids. Analysis of leaf terpene content and composition indicated that several monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were not stored in leaves and were synthesized de novo upon ozone exposure. The highest degree of elicitation for each compound was observed immediately after ozone treatment and it declined considerably during recovery. Leaf ozone uptake was dominated by non-stomatal deposition, and the emissions of total lipoxygenase pathway volatiles and mono- and sesquiterpenes were positively correlated with non-stomatal ozone deposition. Overall, this study demonstrates remarkably high ozone resistance of the studied tobacco cultivar and indicates that ozone's effects on volatile emissions primarily reflect modifications in the release of stored volatiles and reaction of ozone with the leaf surface structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia
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Kanagendran A, Pazouki L, Niinemets Ü. Differential regulation of volatile emission from Eucalyptus globulus leaves upon single and combined ozone and wounding treatments through recovery and relationships with ozone uptake. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 145:21-38. [PMID: 29970942 PMCID: PMC6020072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Both ozone and wounding constitute two key abiotic stress factors, but their interactive effects on plant constitutive and stress-elicited volatile (VOC) emissions are poorly understood. Furthermore, the information on time-dependent modifications in VOC release during recovery from a combined stress is very limited. We studied the modifications in photosynthetic characteristics and constitutive and stress-induced volatile emissions in response to single and combined applications of acute ozone (4, 5, and 6 ppm) and wounding treatments through recovery (0.5-75 h) in a constitutive isoprene and mono- and sesquiterpene emitter Eucalyptus globulus. Overall, the photosynthetic characteristics were surprisingly resistant to all ozone and wounding treatments. Constitutive isoprene emissions were strongly upregulated by ozone and combined ozone and wounding treatments and remained high through recovery phase, but wounding applied alone reduced isoprene emission. All stress treatments enhanced emissions of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles (LOX), mono- and sesquiterpenes, saturated aldehydes (C7-C10), benzenoids, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) pathway volatiles. Once elicited, GGDP volatile, saturated aldehyde and benzenoid emissions remained high through the recovery period. In contrast, LOX emissions, and total mono- and sesquiterpene emissions decreased through recovery period. However, secondary rises in total sesquiterpene emissions at 75 h and in total monoterpenes at 25-50 h were observed. Overall, acute ozone and wounding treatments synergistically altered gas exchange characteristics and stress volatile emissions. Through the treatments and recovery period, stomatal ozone uptake rate and volatile emission rates were poorly correlated, reflecting possible ozone-scavenging effect of volatiles and thus, reduction of effective ozone dose and elicitation of induced defense by the acute ozone concentrations applied. These results underscore the important role of interactive stresses on both constitutive and induced volatile emission responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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Jiang Y, Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Ye J, Niinemets Ü. Oak gall wasp infections of Quercus robur leaves lead to profound modifications in foliage photosynthetic and volatile emission characteristics. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:160-175. [PMID: 28776716 PMCID: PMC6047732 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oak trees (Quercus) are hosts of diverse gall-inducing parasites, but the effects of gall formation on the physiology and biochemistry on host oak leaves is poorly understood. The influence of infection by four species from two widespread gall wasp genera, Neuroterus (N. anthracinus and N. albipes) and Cynips (C. divisa and C. quercusfolii), on foliage morphology, chemistry, photosynthetic characteristics, constitutive isoprene, and induced volatile emissions in Q. robur was investigated. Leaf dry mass per unit area (MA ), net assimilation rate per area (AA ), stomatal conductance (gs ), and constitutive isoprene emissions decreased with the severity of infection by all gall wasp species. The reduction in AA was mainly determined by reduced MA and to a lower extent by lower content of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus in gall-infected leaves. The emissions of lipoxygenase pathway volatiles increased strongly with increasing infection severity for all 4 species with the strongest emissions in major vein associated species, N. anthracinus. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions were strongly elicited in N. albipes and Cynips species, but not in N. anthracinus. These results provide valuable information for diagnosing oak infections using ambient air volatile fingerprints and for predicting the impacts of infections on photosynthetic productivity and whole tree performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- College of Art, Changzhou University, Gehu 1, Changzhou, 213164, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Jiayan Ye
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
- Corresponding author:
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