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Li Y, Zhang P, Wang G, Zhao W, Bao Z, Ma F. FvUVI4 inhibits cell division and cell expansion to modulate fruit development in Fragaria vesca. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108804. [PMID: 38852237 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Fruit development is mainly regulated by cell division and expansion. As a negative regulator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, UVI4 plays important roles in plant growth and development via coordinating cell cycle. However, currently there is no report on UVI4's functions in regulating fruit development in strawberry. Here, Fragaria vesca homolog FvUVI4 is identified and localizes in the nucleus. FvUVI4 has high gene expression in roots, leaves, flower, buds and green fruits, and low expression in petiole, stem, white and yellow fruit. Fruit development of F. vesca 'Hawaii4' is regulated by endoreduplication, and the expression of FvUVI4 is negatively correlated with fruit cell size. Overexpression of FvUVI4 inhibits endoreduplication of leaves, flowers and fruits in both Arabidopsis and F. vesca 'Hawaii4', thereby limiting cell expansion and decreasing cell area. Overexpression of FvUVI4 also inhibits mitotic cell cycle leading to decreased cell number, and ultimately affects the growth of leaves, petals and seeds or fruits. Arabidopsis uvi4 mutants obtained via CRISPR-Cas9 technology display opposite growth phenotypes to Arabidopsis and F. vesca 'Hawaii4' overexpression lines, which can be restored by overexpression of FvUVI4 in Arabidopsis uvi4 mutants. In conclusion, our study indicates that FvUVI4 inhibits cell expansion and cell division to modulate receptacle development in woodland strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhilong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
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2
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Wang X, Liu X, Song K, Du L. An insight into the roles of ubiquitin-specific proteases in plants: development and growth, morphogenesis, and stress response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1396634. [PMID: 38993940 PMCID: PMC11236618 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1396634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and dynamic post-translational modification in which protein substrates are modified by ubiquitin to influence their activity, localization, or stability. Deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) counter ubiquitin signaling by removing ubiquitin from the substrates. Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs), the largest subfamily of DUBs, are conserved in plants, serving diverse functions across various cellular processes, although members within the same group often exhibit functional redundancy. Here, we briefly review recent advances in understanding the biological roles of UBPs, particularly the molecular mechanism by which UBPs regulate plant development and growth, morphogenesis, and stress response, which sheds light on the mechanistic roles of deubiquitination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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3
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Schneider M, Van Bel M, Inzé D, Baekelandt A. Leaf growth - complex regulation of a seemingly simple process. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1018-1051. [PMID: 38012838 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of plant development is crucial to successfully steer or manipulate plant growth in a targeted manner. Leaves, the primary sites of photosynthesis, are vital organs for many plant species, and leaf growth is controlled by a tight temporal and spatial regulatory network. In this review, we focus on the genetic networks governing leaf cell proliferation, one major contributor to final leaf size. First, we provide an overview of six regulator families of leaf growth in Arabidopsis: DA1, PEAPODs, KLU, GRFs, the SWI/SNF complexes, and DELLAs, together with their surrounding genetic networks. Next, we discuss their evolutionary conservation to highlight similarities and differences among species, because knowledge transfer between species remains a big challenge. Finally, we focus on the increase in knowledge of the interconnectedness between these genetic pathways, the function of the cell cycle machinery as their central convergence point, and other internal and environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Schneider
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Guo X, Zhang X, Jiang S, Qiao X, Meng B, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang K, Zhang Y, Li N, Chen T, Kang Y, Yao M, Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang E, Li J, Yan D, Hu Z, Botella JR, Song CP, Li Y, Guo S. E3 ligases MAC3A and MAC3B ubiquitinate UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 to regulate organ size in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:684-697. [PMID: 37850874 PMCID: PMC10828200 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling organ size during plant development ultimately influence crop yield. However, a deep understanding of these mechanisms is still lacking. UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 (UBP14), encoded by DA3, is an essential factor determining organ size in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we identified two suppressors of the da3-1 mutant phenotype, namely SUPPRESSOR OF da3-1 1 and 2 (SUD1 and SUD2), which encode the E3 ligases MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX 3A (MAC3A) and MAC3B, respectively. The mac3a-1 and mac3b-1 mutations partially suppressed the high ploidy level and organ size phenotypes observed in the da3-1 mutant. Biochemical analysis showed that MAC3A and MAC3B physically interacted with and ubiquitinated UBP14/DA3 to modulate its stability. We previously reported that UBP14/DA3 acts upstream of the B-type cyclin-dependent kinase CDKB1;1 and maintains its stability to inhibit endoreduplication and cell growth. In this work, MAC3A and MAC3B were found to promote the degradation of CDKB1;1 by ubiquitinating UBP14/DA3. Genetic analysis suggests that MAC3A and MAC3B act in a common pathway with UBP14/DA3 to control endoreduplication and organ size. Thus, our findings define a regulatory module, MAC3A/MAC3B-UBP14-CDKB1;1, that plays a critical role in determining organ size and endoreduplication in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bolun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kaihuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tianyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yiyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengyi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Erling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Dawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - José Ramón Botella
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya 572025, China
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5
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Singh D, Banerjee G, Verma N, Sinha AK. MAP kinases may mediate regulation of the cell cycle in rice by E2F2 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2993-3009. [PMID: 37843487 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
E2F is the key transcription factor that determines the proliferative status of cells by regulating the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. In this study, we show that in rice (Oryza sativa), OsE2F2 is a phosphorylation target of MAP kinases. The MAP kinases OsMPK3, OsMPK4, and OsMPK6 interact with and phosphorylate OsE2F2. Next, we determined the serine and threonine residues that could play a role in the phosphorylation of OsE2F2. Subsequently, our study suggests a possible link between MAP kinase-mediated OsE2F2 phosphorylation and its impact on DNA proliferation in the roots of rice seedlings. Finally, we found positive feedback regulation of OsMPK4 by OsE2F2. Therefore, our study hints at the potential impact of MAP kinase signaling on the cell cycle of rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanraj Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopal Banerjee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Delhi, New Delhi, India
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6
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Tourdot E, Mauxion JP, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C. Endoreduplication in plant organogenesis: a means to boost fruit growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6269-6284. [PMID: 37343125 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication is the major source of somatic endopolyploidy in higher plants, and leads to variation in cell ploidy levels due to iterative rounds of DNA synthesis in the absence of mitosis. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence in many plant organs, tissues, and cells, the physiological meaning of endoreduplication is not fully understood, although several roles during plant development have been proposed, mostly related to cell growth, differentiation, and specialization via transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and cellular characteristics of endoreduplicated cells, and provide an overview of the multi-scale effects of endoreduplication on supporting growth in plant development. In addition, the effects of endoreduplication in fruit development are discussed, since it is highly prominent during fruit organogenesis where it acts as a morphogenetic factor supporting rapid fruit growth, as illustrated by case of the model fleshy fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Tourdot
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Mauxion
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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7
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Chowdhury SR, Koley T, Singh M, Samath EA, Kaur P. Association of Hsp90 with p53 and Fizzy related homolog (Fzr) synchronizing Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C): An unexplored ally towards oncogenic pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188883. [PMID: 36972769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The intricate molecular interactions leading to the oncogenic pathway are the consequence of cell cycle modification controlled by a bunch of cell cycle regulatory proteins. The tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulatory proteins work in coordination to maintain a healthy cellular environment. The integrity of this cellular protein pool is perpetuated by heat shock proteins/chaperones, which assist in proper protein folding during normal and cellular stress conditions. Among these versatile groups of chaperone proteins, Hsp90 is one of the significant ATP-dependent chaperones that aid in stabilizing many tumor suppressors and cell cycle regulator protein targets. Recently, studies have revealed that in cancerous cell lines, Hsp90 stabilizes mutant p53, 'the guardian of the genome.' Hsp90 also has a significant impact on Fzr, an essential regulator of the cell cycle having an important role in the developmental process of various organisms, including Drosophila, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and plants. During cell cycle progression, p53 and Fzr coordinately regulate the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C) from metaphase to anaphase transition up to cell cycle exit. APC/C mediates proper centrosome function in the dividing cell. The centrosome acts as the microtubule organizing center for the correct segregation of the sister chromatids to ensure perfect cell division. This review examines the structure of Hsp90 and its co-chaperones, which work in synergy to stabilize proteins such as p53 and Fizzy-related homolog (Fzr) to synchronize the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC/C). Dysfunction of this process activates the oncogenic pathway leading to the development of cancer. Additionally, an overview of current drugs targeting Hsp90 at various phases of clinical trials has been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghati Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tirthankar Koley
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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8
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Jiang S, Meng B, Zhang Y, Li N, Zhou L, Zhang X, Xu R, Guo S, Song CP, Li Y. An SNW/SKI-INTERACTING PROTEIN influences endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2217-2228. [PMID: 36063458 PMCID: PMC9706482 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication plays an important role in cell growth and differentiation, but the mechanisms regulating endoreduplication are still elusive. We have previously reported that UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 (UBP14) encoded by DA3 interacts with ULTRAVIOLETB INSENSITIVE4 (UVI4) to influence endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The da3-1 mutant possesses larger cotyledons and flowers with higher ploidy levels than the wild-type. Here, we identify the suppressor of da3-1 (SUPPRESSOR OF da3-1 3; SUD3), which encodes SNW/SKI-INTERACTING PROTEIN (SKIP). Biochemical studies demonstrate that SUD3 physically interacts with UBP14/DA3 and UVI4 in vivo and in vitro. Genetic analyses support that SUD3 acts in a common pathway with UBP14/DA3 and UVI4 to control endoreduplication. Our findings reveal an important genetic and molecular mechanism by which SKIP/SUD3 associates with UBP14/DA3 and UVI4 to modulate endoreduplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bolun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lixun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10039, China
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9
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Kopertekh L, Reichardt S. Effect of the At-CDC27a gene on Nicotiana benthamiana phenotype and accumulation of recombinant proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1042446. [PMID: 36426154 PMCID: PMC9679211 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1042446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study the anaphase promoting complex subunit CDC27a from Arabidopsis thaliana was introduced in the genome of Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The presence of the At-CDC27a gene facilitates plant biomass production. Compared to wild type N. benthamiana the leaf mass fraction of the best performing transgenic line At-CDC27a-29 was increased up to 154%. The positive effect of the At-CDC27a expression on leaf biomass accumulation was accompanied by an enlarged total leaf area. Furthermore, the ectopic expression of the At-CDC27a also affected cellular conditions for the production of foreign proteins delivered by the TRBO vector. In comparison to the non-transgenic control, the protein accumulation in the At-CDC27a-29 plant host increased up to 146% for GFP and up to 181% for scFv-TM43-E10. Collectively, the modified N. benthamiana plants developed in this study might be useful to improve the yield of recombinant proteins per biomass unit in closed facilities.
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10
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Reddy UK, Natarajan P, Abburi VL, Tomason Y, Levi A, Nimmakayala P. What makes a giant fruit? Assembling a genomic toolkit underlying various fruit traits of the mammoth group of Cucurbita maxima. Front Genet 2022; 13:1005158. [PMID: 36204309 PMCID: PMC9531317 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1005158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction in Europe, pumpkins (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) have rapidly dispersed throughout the world. This is mainly because of their wide genetic diversity and Plasticity to thrive in a wide range of geographical regions across the world, their high nutritional value and suitability to integrate with local cuisines, and their long shelf life. Competition for growing the showy type or mammoth-sized pumpkins that produce the largest fruit of the entire plant kingdom has drawn attention. In this study, we used genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms to resolve admixture among different pumpkin groups. Also, to resolve population differentiation, genome-wide divergence and evolutionary forces underlying the evolution of mammoth-sized pumpkin. The admixture analysis indicates that the mammoth group (also called Display or Giant) evolved from the hubbard group with genome-wide introgressions from the buttercup group. We archived a set of private alleles underlying fruit development in mammoth group, and resolved haplotype level divergence involved in the evolutionary mechanisms. Our genome-wide association study identified three major allelic effects underlying various fruit-size genes in this study. For fruit weight, a missense variant in the homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-20-like (S04_18528409) was significantly associated (false discovery rate = 0.000004) with fruit weight, while high allelic effect was consistent across the 3 years of the study. A cofactor (S08_217549) on chromosome 8 is strongly associated with fruit length, having superior allelic effect across the 3 years of this study. A missense variant (S10_4639871) on translocation protein SEC62 is a cofactor for fruit diameter. Several known molecular mechanisms are likely controlling giant fruit size, including endoreduplication, hormonal regulation, CLV-WUS signaling pathway, MADS-box family, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This study provides a general framework for the evolutionary relationship among horticulture groups of C. maxima and elucidates the origins of rare variants contributing to the giant pumpkin fruit size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh K. Reddy
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, Dunbar, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Umesh K. Reddy, ; Padma Nimmakayala,
| | - Purushothaman Natarajan
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, Dunbar, WV, United States
| | - Venkata Lakshmi Abburi
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, Dunbar, WV, United States
| | - Yan Tomason
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, Dunbar, WV, United States
| | - Amnon Levi
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Padma Nimmakayala
- Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, Dunbar, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Umesh K. Reddy, ; Padma Nimmakayala,
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11
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Jiang S, Wei J, Li N, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xu R, Zhou L, Huang X, Wang L, Guo S, Wang Y, Song CP, Qian W, Li Y. The UBP14-CDKB1;1-CDKG2 cascade controls endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1308-1325. [PMID: 34999895 PMCID: PMC8972217 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication, a process in which DNA replication occurs in the absence of mitosis, is found in all eukaryotic kingdoms, especially plants, where it is assumed to be important for cell growth and cell fate maintenance. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism regulating endoreduplication is still lacking. We previously reported that UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE14 (UBP14), encoded by DA3, acts upstream of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE B1;1 (CDKB1;1) to influence endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. The da3-1 mutant possesses large cotyledons with enlarged cells due to high ploidy levels. Here, we identified a suppressor of da3-1 (SUPPRESSOR OF da3-1 6; SUD6), encoding CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE G2 (CDKG2), which promotes endoreduplication and cell growth. CDKG2/SUD6 physically associates with CDKB1;1 in vivo and in vitro. CDKB1;1 directly phosphorylates SUD6 and modulates its stability. Genetic analysis indicated that SUD6 acts downstream of DA3 and CDKB1;1 to control ploidy level and cell growth. Thus, our study establishes a regulatory cascade for UBP14/DA3-CDKB1;1-CDKG2/SUD6-mediated control of endoreduplication and cell growth in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhibiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lixun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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12
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Ma X, Yu L, Fatima M, Wadlington WH, Hulse-Kemp AM, Zhang X, Zhang S, Xu X, Wang J, Huang H, Lin J, Deng B, Liao Z, Yang Z, Ma Y, Tang H, Van Deynze A, Ming R. The spinach YY genome reveals sex chromosome evolution, domestication, and introgression history of the species. Genome Biol 2022; 23:75. [PMID: 35255946 PMCID: PMC8902716 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a dioecious species with an XY sex chromosome system, but its Y chromosome has not been fully characterized. Our knowledge about the history of its domestication and improvement remains limited. Results A high-quality YY genome of spinach is assembled into 952 Mb in six pseudo-chromosomes. By a combination of genetic mapping, Genome-Wide Association Studies, and genomic analysis, we characterize a 17.42-Mb sex determination region (SDR) on chromosome 1. The sex chromosomes of spinach evolved when an insertion containing sex determination genes occurred, followed by a large genomic inversion about 1.98 Mya. A subsequent burst of SDR-specific repeats (0.1–0.15 Mya) explains the large size of this SDR. We identify a Y-specific gene, NRT1/PTR 6.4 which resides in this insertion, as a strong candidate for the sex determination or differentiation factor. Resequencing of 112 spinach genomes reveals a severe domestication bottleneck approximately 10.87 Kya, which dates the domestication of spinach 7000 years earlier than the archeological record. We demonstrate that a strong selection signal associated with internode elongation and leaf area expansion is associated with domestication of edibility traits in spinach. We find that several strong genomic introgressions from the wild species Spinacia turkestanica and Spinacia tetrandra harbor desirable alleles of genes related to downy mildew resistance, frost resistance, leaf morphology, and flowering-time shift, which likely contribute to spinach improvement. Conclusions Analysis of the YY genome uncovers evolutionary forces shaping nascent sex chromosome evolution in spinach. Our findings provide novel insights about the domestication and improvement of spinach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02633-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li'ang Yu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mahpara Fatima
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - William H Wadlington
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Amanda M Hulse-Kemp
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,USDA-ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, North Carolina, 27695, Raleigh, USA
| | - Xingtan Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xindan Xu
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ban Deng
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenyang Liao
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhenhui Yang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haibao Tang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Allen Van Deynze
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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13
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Gentric N, Genschik P, Noir S. Connections between the Cell Cycle and the DNA Damage Response in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179558. [PMID: 34502465 PMCID: PMC8431409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants are especially exposed to various stresses, including genotoxic stress, which results in altered genome integrity. Upon the detection of DNA damage, distinct cellular responses lead to cell cycle arrest and the induction of DNA repair mechanisms. Interestingly, it has been shown that some cell cycle regulators are not only required for meristem activity and plant development but are also key to cope with the occurrence of DNA lesions. In this review, we first summarize some important regulatory steps of the plant cell cycle and present a brief overview of the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms. Then, the role played by some cell cycle regulators at the interface between the cell cycle and DNA damage responses is discussed more specifically.
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14
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Plant CDKs-Driving the Cell Cycle through Climate Change. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091804. [PMID: 34579337 PMCID: PMC8468384 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a growing population, producing enough food has become a challenge in the face of the dramatic increase in climate change. Plants, during their evolution as sessile organisms, developed countless mechanisms to better adapt to the environment and its fluctuations. One important way is through the plasticity of their body and their forms, which are modulated during plant growth by accurate control of cell divisions. A family of serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is a key regulator of cell divisions by controlling cell cycle progression. In this review, we compile information on the primary response of plants in the regulation of the cell cycle in response to environmental stresses and show how the cell cycle proteins (mainly the cyclin-dependent kinases) involved in this regulation can act as components of environmental response signaling cascades, triggering adaptive responses to drive the cycle through climate fluctuations. Understanding the roles of CDKs and their regulators in the face of adversity may be crucial to meeting the challenge of increasing agricultural productivity in a new climate.
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15
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Zhao F, Zhang J, Weng L, Li M, Wang Q, Xiao H. Fruit size control by a zinc finger protein regulating pericarp cell size in tomato. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:6. [PMID: 37789485 PMCID: PMC10515234 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit size is largely defined by the number and size of cells in the fruit. Endoreduplication - a specialized cell cycle - is highly associated with cell expansion during tomato fruit growth. However, how endoreduplication coupled with cell size is regulated remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a zinc finger gene SlPZF1 (Solanum lycopersicum PERICARP-ASSOCIATED ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1) that was highly expressed in the pericarp of developing fruits. Plants with altered SlPZF1 expression produced smaller fruits due to the reduction in cell size associated with weakened endoreduplication. Overexpressing SlPZF1 delayed cell division phase by enhancing early expression of several key cell cycle regulators including SlCYCD3;1 and two plant specific mitotic cyclin-dependent protein kinase (SlCDKB1 and SlCDKB2) in the pericarp tissue. Furthermore, we identified 14 putative SlPZF1 interacting proteins (PZFIs) via yeast two hybrid screening. Several PZFIs, including Pre-mRNA-splicing factor (SlSMP1/PZFI4), PAPA-1-like conserved region family protein (PZFI6), Fanconi anemia complex components (PZFI3 and PZFI10) and bHLH transcription factor LONESOME HIGHWAY (SlLHW/PZFI14), are putatively involved in cell cycle regulation. Our results demonstrate that fruit growth in tomato requires balanced expression of the novel cell size regulator SlPZF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Life and Environment Science College, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lin Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Life and Environment Science College, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Han Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Cheng C, Yu Q, Wang Y, Wang H, Dong Y, Ji Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Jiang CZ, Gan SS, Zhao L, Fei Z, Gao J, Ma N. Ethylene-regulated asymmetric growth of the petal base promotes flower opening in rose (Rosa hybrida). THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1229-1251. [PMID: 33693903 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flowers are the core reproductive structures and key distinguishing features of angiosperms. Flower opening to expose stamens and gynoecia is important in cases where pollinators much be attracted to promote cross-pollination, which can enhance reproductive success and species preservation. The floral opening process is accompanied by the coordinated movement of various floral organs, particularly petals. However, the mechanisms underlying petal movement and flower opening are not well understood. Here, we integrated anatomical, physiological, and molecular approaches to determine the petal movement regulatory network using rose (Rosa hybrida) as a model. We found that PETAL MOVEMENT-RELATED PROTEIN1 (RhPMP1), a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) gene, is a direct target of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3, a TF that functions downstream of ethylene signaling. RhPMP1 expression was upregulated by ethylene and specifically activated endoreduplication of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the petal (ADSP) base by inducing the expression of RhAPC3b, a gene encoding the core subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Cell expansion of the parenchyma on the ADSP base was subsequently enhanced, thus resulting in asymmetric growth of the petal base, leading to the typical epinastic movement of petals and flower opening. These findings provide insights into the pathway regulating petal movement and associated flower-opening mechanisms.�.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhan Dong
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuqi Ji
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Crop Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Su-Sheng Gan
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Liangjun Zhao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- USDA Robert W Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Junping Gao
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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17
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Okumura T, Nomoto Y, Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Takatsuka H, Ito M. MYB3R-mediated active repression of cell cycle and growth under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:261-277. [PMID: 33580347 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under environmental stress, plants are believed to actively repress their growth to save resource and alter its allocation to acquire tolerance against the stress. Although a lot of studies have uncovered precise mechanisms for responding to stress and acquiring tolerance, the mechanisms for regulating growth repression under stress are not as well understood. It is especially unclear which particular genes related to cell cycle control are involved in active growth repression. Here, we showed that decreased growth in plants exposed to moderate salt stress is mediated by MYB3R transcription factors that have been known to positively and negatively regulate the transcription of G2/M-specific genes. Our genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed occurrences of general downregulation of G2/M-specific genes in Arabidopsis under salt stress. Importantly, this downregulation is significantly and universally mitigated by the loss of MYB3R repressors by mutations. Accordingly, the growth performance of Arabidopsis plants under salt stress is significantly recovered in mutants lacking MYB3R repressors. This growth recovery involves improved cell proliferation that is possibly due to prolonging and accelerating cell proliferation, which were partly suggested by enlarged root meristem and increased number of cells positive for CYCB1;1-GUS. Our ploidy analysis further suggested that cell cycle progression at the G2 phase was delayed under salt stress, and this delay was recovered by loss of MYB3R repressors. Under salt stress, the changes in expression of MYB3R activators and repressors at both the mRNA and protein levels were not significant. This observation suggests novel mechanisms underlying MYB3R-mediated growth repression under salt stress that are different from the mechanisms operating under other stress conditions such as DNA damage and high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Okumura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Chikusa, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Nomoto
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Chikusa, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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18
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Yang W, Cortijo S, Korsbo N, Roszak P, Schiessl K, Gurzadyan A, Wightman R, Jönsson H, Meyerowitz E. Molecular mechanism of cytokinin-activated cell division in Arabidopsis. Science 2021; 371:1350-1355. [PMID: 33632892 PMCID: PMC8166333 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe2305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitogens trigger cell division in animals. In plants, cytokinins, a group of phytohormones derived from adenine, stimulate cell proliferation. Cytokinin signaling is initiated by membrane-associated histidine kinase receptors and transduced through a phosphorelay system. We show that in the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem (SAM), cytokinin regulates cell division by promoting nuclear shuttling of Myb-domain protein 3R4 (MYB3R4), a transcription factor that activates mitotic gene expression. Newly synthesized MYB3R4 protein resides predominantly in the cytoplasm. At the G2-to-M transition, rapid nuclear accumulation of MYB3R4-consistent with an associated transient peak in cytokinin concentration-feeds a positive feedback loop involving importins and initiates a transcriptional cascade that drives mitosis and cytokinesis. An engineered nuclear-restricted MYB3R4 mimics the cytokinin effects of enhanced cell proliferation and meristem growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Yang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Sandra Cortijo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Niklas Korsbo
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Pawel Roszak
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Katharina Schiessl
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Aram Gurzadyan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Raymond Wightman
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Henrik Jönsson
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK. .,Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.,Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, SE22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elliot Meyerowitz
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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19
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Doroodian P, Hua Z. The Ubiquitin Switch in Plant Stress Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:246. [PMID: 33514032 PMCID: PMC7911189 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid polypeptide common to all eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a post-translationally modifying mark covalently linked to a large cohort of yet poorly defined protein substrates. The resulting ubiquitylated proteins can rapidly change their activities, cellular localization, or turnover through the 26S proteasome if they are no longer needed or are abnormal. Such a selective modification is essential to many signal transduction pathways particularly in those related to stress responses by rapidly enhancing or quenching output. Hence, this modification system, the so-called ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), has caught the attention in the plant research community over the last two decades for its roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Through direct or indirect mediation of plant hormones, the UPS selectively degrades key components in stress signaling to either negatively or positively regulate plant response to a given stimulus. As a result, a tightly regulated signaling network has become of much interest over the years. The ever-increasing changes of the global climate require both the development of new crops to cope with rapid changing environment and new knowledge to survey the dynamics of ecosystem. This review examines how the ubiquitin can switch and tune plant stress response and poses potential avenues to further explore this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paymon Doroodian
- Department of Environment and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Zhihua Hua
- Department of Environment and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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20
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Schwedersky RP, Saleme MDLS, Rocha IA, Montessoro PDF, Hemerly AS, Eloy NB, Ferreira PCG. The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Subunit 11 and Its Role in Organ Size and Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:563760. [PMID: 34887878 PMCID: PMC8650582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.563760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, plays an important role in recognizing the substrates to be ubiquitylated. Progression of anaphase, and therefore, of the cell cycle, is coordinated through cyclin degradation cycles dependent on proteolysis triggered by APC/C. The APC/C activity depends on the formation of a pocket comprising the catalytic subunits, APC2, APC11, and APC10. Among these, the role of APC11 outside the cell division cycle is poorly understood. Therefore, the goal of this work was to analyze the function of APC11 during plant development by characterizing apc11 knock-down mutant lines. Accordingly, we observed decreased apc11 expression in the mutant lines, followed by a reduction in meristem root size based on the cortical cell length, and an overall size diminishment throughout the development. Additionally, crosses of apc11-1 and amiR-apc11 with plants carrying a WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX5 (WOX5) fluorescent marker showed a weakening of the green fluorescent protein-positive cells in the Quiescent Center. Moreover, plants with apc11-1 show a decreased leaf area, together with a decrease in the cell area when the shoot development was observed by kinematics analysis. Finally, we observed a decreased APC/C activity in the root and shoot meristems in crosses of pCYCB1;1:D-box-GUS with apc11-1 plants. Our results indicate that APC11 is important in the early stages of development, mediating meristematic architecture through APC/C activity affecting the overall plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Porto Schwedersky
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina de Lyra Soriano Saleme
- Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Andrade Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Patricia da Fonseca Montessoro
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Silva Hemerly
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nubia Barbosa Eloy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Escola Superior de Agricultura ‘Luiz de Queiroz’, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Nubia Barbosa Eloy,
| | - Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Saleme MDLS, Andrade IR, Eloy NB. The Role of Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in Plant Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642934. [PMID: 33719322 PMCID: PMC7943633 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic species propagate through sexual reproduction that requires male and female gametes. In flowering plants, it starts through a single round of DNA replication (S phase) and two consecutive chromosome segregation (meiosis I and II). Subsequently, haploid mitotic divisions occur, which results in a male gametophyte (pollen grain) and a female gametophyte (embryo sac) formation. In order to obtain viable gametophytes, accurate chromosome segregation is crucial to ensure ploidy stability. A precise gametogenesis progression is tightly regulated in plants and is controlled by multiple mechanisms to guarantee a correct evolution through meiotic cell division and sexual differentiation. In the past years, research in the field has shown an important role of the conserved E3-ubiquitin ligase complex, Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C), in this process. The APC/C is a multi-subunit complex that targets proteins for degradation via proteasome 26S. The functional characterization of APC/C subunits in Arabidopsis, which is one of the main E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls cell cycle, has revealed that all subunits investigated so far are essential for gametophytic development and/or embryogenesis.
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Banerjee G, Singh D, Sinha AK. Plant cell cycle regulators: Mitogen-activated protein kinase, a new regulating switch? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110660. [PMID: 33218628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle is essential for the maintenance of genetic material and continuity of a species. Its regulation involves a complex interplay between multiple proteins with diverse molecular functions such as the kinases, transcription factors, proteases and phosphatases. Every step of this cycle requires a certain combination of these protein regulators which paves the way for the next stage. It is now evident that plants have their own unique features in the context of cell cycle regulation. Cell cycle in plants is not only necessary for maintenance of its physio-morphological parameter but it also regulates traits important for mankind like grain or fruit size. This makes it even more important to understand how plants regulate its cell cycle amidst various a/biotic stresses it is subjected to during its lifetime. The association of MAPK signaling pathways with every major developmental and stress response pathways in plants raises the question of its potential role in cell cycle regulation. There are number of cell cycle regulating proteins with putative sites for MAPK phosphorylation. The MAPK signaling pathway may directly or in a parallel pathway regulate the plant cell cycle. Unraveling the role of MAPK in cell cycle will open up new arenas to explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Banerjee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dhanraj Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Vercruysse J, Baekelandt A, Gonzalez N, Inzé D. Molecular networks regulating cell division during Arabidopsis leaf growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2365-2378. [PMID: 31748815 PMCID: PMC7178401 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are the primary organs for photosynthesis, and as such have a pivotal role for plant growth and development. Leaf development is a multifactorial and dynamic process involving many genes that regulate size, shape, and differentiation. The processes that mainly drive leaf development are cell proliferation and cell expansion, and numerous genes have been identified that, when ectopically expressed or down-regulated, increase cell number and/or cell size during leaf growth. Many of the genes regulating cell proliferation are functionally interconnected and can be grouped into regulatory modules. Here, we review our current understanding of six important gene regulatory modules affecting cell proliferation during Arabidopsis leaf growth: ubiquitin receptor DA1-ENHANCER OF DA1 (EOD1), GROWTH REGULATING FACTOR (GRF)-GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF), SWITCH/SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING (SWI/SNF), gibberellin (GA)-DELLA, KLU, and PEAPOD (PPD). Furthermore, we discuss how post-mitotic cell expansion and these six modules regulating cell proliferation make up the final leaf size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmien Vercruysse
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d’Ornon cedex, France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Matboli M, Shafei AE, Agwa SHA, Elzahy SS, Anwar AK, Mansour AR, Gaber AI, Said AEA, Lwis P, Hamdy M. Identification of Novel Molecular Network Expression in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:340-348. [PMID: 32476991 PMCID: PMC7235391 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666190820142043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the current study, we aimed to analyze the hypothesis that human myocardial-specific extracellular RNAs expression could be used for acute myocardial injury(AMI) diagnosis. Methodology: We used bioinformatics’ analysis to identify RNAs linked to ubiquitin system and specific to AMI, named, (lncRNA-RP11-175K6.1), (LOC101927740), microRNA-106b-5p (miR-106b-5p) and Anaphase, promoting complex 11 (ANapc11mRNA). We measured the serum expression of the chosen RNAs in 69 individuals with acute coronary syndromes, 31 individuals with angina pectoris without MI and non-cardiac chest pain and 31 healthy control individuals by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. Results: Our study revealed a significant decrease in both lncRNA-RP11-175K6.1 and ANapc11mRNA expression of in the sera samples of AMI patients compared to that of the two control groups alongside with significant upregulation of miR-106b-5p. Conclusion: Of note, the investigated serum RNAs decrease the false discovery rate of AMI to 3.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Shafei
- Biomedical Research Department, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt.,Biomedical Research Department, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara H A Agwa
- Clinical Pathology, Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Sammir Elzahy
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Paula Lwis
- Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Hamdy
- Medicinal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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Xu R, Xu J, Wang L, Niu B, Copenhaver GP, Ma H, Zheng B, Wang Y. The Arabidopsis anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome subunit 8 is required for male meiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:229-241. [PMID: 31230348 PMCID: PMC6771777 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation is required for both mitotic and meiotic cell divisions and is regulated by multiple mechanisms including the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which is the largest known E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex and has been implicated in regulating chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis in animals. However, the role of the APC/C during plant meiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis APC8 is required for male meiosis. We used a combination of genetic analyses, cytology and immunolocalisation to define the function of AtAPC8 in male meiosis. Meiocytes from apc8-1 plants exhibit several meiotic defects including improper alignment of bivalents at metaphase I, unequal chromosome segregation during anaphase II, and subsequent formation of polyads. Immunolocalisation using an antitubulin antibody showed that APC8 is required for normal spindle morphology. We also observed mitotic defects in apc8-1, including abnormal sister chromatid segregation and microtubule morphology. Our results demonstrate that Arabidopsis APC/C is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and that APC/C-mediated regulation of meiotic chromosome segregation is a conserved mechanism among eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong‐Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research CenterChinese Academy of SciencesChenshan Botanical GardenShanghai201602China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Liudan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Baixiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
| | - Gregory P. Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599‐3280USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC27599‐3280USA
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
- Center for Evolutionary BiologyInstitutes of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Binglian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological EngineeringInstitute of Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
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26
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Xu W, Martínez-García M, Pradillo M, Wang Y. Insights Into the Role of Ubiquitination in Meiosis: Fertility, Adaptation and Plant Breeding. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2018; 16:e0187. [PMID: 31068764 PMCID: PMC6501859 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification process that plays a central role in protein degradation in eukaryotic cell cell division, including meiosis. This modification affects different cellular processes on a global scale by its pleiotropic ability to modify numerous proteins. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and involves two rounds of nuclear division following a single round of DNA replication to produce haploid gametes. Unlike mitosis, meiosis has a unique prophase I, which involves homologous chromosome interaction including pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation. Over the last several decades, molecular genetic studies have identified many proteins that participate in meiotic progression. In this review, we focus on the recent advances regarding the role of ubiquitination during plant meiotic cell cycle progression and recombination, especially the role played by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex and E3 ligases in modulating crossover formation and its impact on evolution and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, Alajuela 20102, Costa Rica
| | - Wanyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Marina Martínez-García
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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27
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Guo L, Jiang L, Lu XL, Liu CM. ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX/CYCLOSOME-mediated cyclin B1 degradation is critical for cell cycle synchronization in syncytial endosperms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:448-454. [PMID: 29424475 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that in most angiosperms mitosis in early endosperm development is syncytial and synchronized, it is unclear how the synchronization is regulated. We showed previously that APC11, also named ZYG1, in Arabidopsis activates zygote division by interaction and degradation of cyclin B1. Here, we report that the mutation in APC11/ZYG1 led to unsynchronized mitosis and over-accumulation of cyclin B1-GUS in the endosperm. Mutations in two other APC subunits showed similar defects. Transgenic expression of stable cyclin B1 in the endosperm also caused unsynchronized mitosis. Further, downregulation of APC11 generated multi-nucleate somatic cells with unsynchronized mitotic division. Together, our results suggest that APC/C-mediated cyclin B1 degradation is critical for cell cycle synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiu-Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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28
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Proust H, Hartmann C, Crespi M, Lelandais-Brière C. Root Development in Medicago truncatula: Lessons from Genetics to Functional Genomics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1822:205-239. [PMID: 30043307 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8633-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This decade introduced "omics" approaches, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in association with reverse and forward genetic approaches, developed earlier, to try to identify molecular pathways involved in the development or in the response to environmental conditions as well as in animals and plants. This review summarizes studies that utilized "omics" strategies to unravel the root development in the model legume Medicago truncatula and how external factors such as soil mineral status or the presence of bacteria and fungi affect root system architecture in this species. We also compare these "omics" data to the knowledges concerning the Arabidopsis thaliana root development, nowadays considered as the model of allorhiz root systems. However, unlike legumes, this species is unable to interact with soil nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to develop novel root-derived symbiotic structures. Differences in root organization, development, and regulatory pathways between these two model species have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Proust
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Caroline Hartmann
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Christine Lelandais-Brière
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, IPS2, Univ. Paris-Diderot, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Evry Val d'Essonne, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
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29
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Wildermuth MC, Steinwand MA, McRae AG, Jaenisch J, Chandran D. Adapted Biotroph Manipulation of Plant Cell Ploidy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:537-564. [PMID: 28617655 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diverse plant biotrophs that establish a sustained site of nutrient acquisition induce localized host endoreduplication. Endoreduplication is a process by which cells successively replicate their genomes without mitosis, resulting in an increase in nuclear DNA ploidy. Elevated ploidy is associated with enhanced cell size, metabolic capacity, and the capacity to differentiate. Localized host endoreduplication induced by adapted plant biotrophs promotes biotroph colonization, development, and/or proliferation. When induced host endoreduplication is limited, biotroph growth and/or development are compromised. Herein, we examine a diverse set of plant-biotroph interactions to identify (a) common host components manipulated to promote induced host endoreduplication and (b) biotroph effectors that facilitate this induced host process. Shared mechanisms to promote host endoreduplication and development of nutrient exchange/feeding sites include manipulation centered on endocycle entry at the G2-M transition as well as yet undefined roles for differentiation regulators (e.g., CLE peptides) and pectin/cell wall modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Wildermuth
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Michael A Steinwand
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Amanda G McRae
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Johan Jaenisch
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Divya Chandran
- Regional Center for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India 121001
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30
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Zhou H, Zhao J, Cai J, Patil SB. UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASES function in plant development and stress responses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:565-576. [PMID: 28695315 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASES play important roles in plant development and stress responses. Protein ubiquitination and deubiquitination are reversible processes, which can modulate the stability, activity as well as subcellular localization of the substrate proteins. UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE (UBP) protein family participates in protein deubiquitination. Members of UBP family are involved in a variety of physiological processes in plants, as evidenced by their functional characterization in model plant Arabidopsis and other plants. UBPs are conserved in plants and distinct UBPs function in different regulatory processes, although functional redundancies exist between some members. Here we briefly reviewed recent advances in understanding the biological functions of UBP protein family in Arabidopsis, particularly the molecular mechanisms by which UBPs regulate plant development and stress responses. We believe that elucidation of UBPs function and regulation in Arabidopsis will provide new insights about protein deubiquitination and might shed light on the understanding of the mechanistic roles of UBPs in general, which will definitely contribute to crop improvement in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Suyash B Patil
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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31
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Arora S, Singh N, Kaur S, Bains NS, Uauy C, Poland J, Chhuneja P. Genome-Wide Association Study of Grain Architecture in Wild Wheat Aegilops tauschii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:886. [PMID: 28620398 PMCID: PMC5450224 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome progenitor of Triticum aestivum, encompasses huge diversity for various traits of potential economic importance such as yield, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, quality and nutrition. In the present study, variation for grain size in Ae. tauschii germplasm was studied and its genetic basis dissected using genome-wide association study (GWAS). Grain length, width, and weight evaluated in 177 Ae. tauschii accessions over 3 years showed near normal distribution with 1.74-, 1.75-, and 2.82-fold variation, respectively. These lines were genetically characterized using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol that produced 11,489 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. Genetic diversity analysis revealed the presence of two distinct subgroups (designated as lineage 1 and 2) in Ae. tauschii. Based on GBS markers, the genetic similarity was calculated between the accessions and GWAS was conducted using 114 non-redundant accessions and 5,249 SNP markers. A total of 17 SNPs associated with grain size traits distributed over all the seven chromosomes were revealed with 6D, 5D, and 2D harboring most significant marker-trait associations. Some of the chromosomal regions such as 6D_66.4-71.1 cM, 1D_143.5-156.7 cM, and 2D_89.9-92.5 cM had associations with multiple traits. Candidate genes associated with cell division and differentiation were identified for some of the associated SNP markers. Further efforts to validate these loci will help to understand their role in determining grain size and allelic diversity in current germplasm and its effect on grain size upon transfer to bread wheat background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanu Arora
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana, India
- Crop Genetics, John Innes CentreNorwich, United Kingdom
| | - Narinder Singh
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Satinder Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana, India
| | - Navtej S. Bains
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana, India
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana, India
| | | | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, United States
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana, India
- *Correspondence: Parveen Chhuneja,
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Dedecker M, Van Leene J, De Winne N, Eeckhout D, Persiau G, Van De Slijke E, Cannoot B, Vercruysse L, Dumoulin L, Wojsznis N, Gevaert K, Vandenabeele S, De Jaeger G. Transferring an optimized TAP-toolbox for the isolation of protein complexes to a portfolio of rice tissues. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:341-354. [PMID: 27003905 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the cell's functional entities. Rather than operating independently, they interact with other proteins. Capturing in vivo protein complexes is therefore crucial to gain understanding of the function of a protein in a cellular context. Affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry has proven to yield a wealth of information about protein complex constitutions for a broad range of organisms. For Oryza sativa, the technique has been initiated in callus and shoots, but has not been optimized ever since. We translated an optimized tandem affinity purification (TAP) approach from Arabidopsis thaliana toward Oryza sativa, and demonstrate its applicability in a variety of rice tissues. A list of non-specific and false positive interactors is presented, based on re-occurrence over more than 170 independent experiments, to filter bona fide interactors. We demonstrate the sensitivity of our approach by isolating the complexes for the rice ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX SUBUNIT 10 (APC10) and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE D (CDKD) proteins from the proliferation zone of the emerging fourth leaf. Next to APC10 and CDKD, we tested several additional baits in the different rice tissues and reproducibly retrieved at least one interactor for 81.4 % of the baits screened for in callus tissue and T1 seedlings. By transferring an optimized TAP tag combined with state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, our TAP protocol enables the discovery of interactors for low abundance proteins in rice and opens the possibility to capture complex dynamics by comparing tissues at different stages of a developing rice organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Dedecker
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- CropDesign N.V., Technologiepark 21, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy De Winne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Persiau
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eveline Van De Slijke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cannoot
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Vercruysse
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Dumoulin
- CropDesign N.V., Technologiepark 21, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research and Biochemistry, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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Wang S, Cao L, Wang H. Arabidopsis ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC22 is required for female gametophyte development and likely involved in Lys11-linked ubiquitination. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3277-88. [PMID: 27069118 PMCID: PMC4892721 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is critical for numerous processes in eukaryotes. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) is required for ubiquitination. The Arabidopsis genome has approximately 37 E2 genes, but in vivo functions for most of them remain unknown. In this study we observed that knockout mutants of Arabidopsis UBC22 had much-reduced silique length and seed number, with nearly 90% of ovules aborted. Analyses revealed that the majority of mutant embryo sacs displayed severe defects and often contained no gamete nuclei. There was no difference between mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis at the megaspore mother cell stage; however, the functional megaspore was either not present or appeared abnormal in a large portion of mutant ovules, suggesting that the defect started with functional megaspore degeneration in the mutants. Degeneration continued during megagametogenesis, such that the percentage of mature embryo sacs without any gamete nuclei was much greater than the percentage of developing ovules without a functional megaspore and, in addition, various abnormalities in megagametogenesis were observed. Additionally, heterozygous plants had only 13.1% of ovules aborted, indicating that the heterozygous sporophytic tissues could affect the development of the mutant female gametophyte. UBC22 is the sole member of an Arabidopsis E2 subfamily, and is more closely related to one type of E2s in animals that catalyzes Lys11-specific ubiquitination. Indeed, our results showed that Arabidopsis UBC22 could catalyze ubiquitin dimer formation in vitro in a Lys11-dependent manner, suggesting that it likely catalyzes Lys11-linked ubiquitination in plants. This study has thus identified one biochemical property of UBC22 and revealed a novel function in female gametophyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Juraniec M, Heyman J, Schubert V, Salis P, De Veylder L, Verbruggen N. Arabidopsis COPPER MODIFIED RESISTANCE1/PATRONUS1 is essential for growth adaptation to stress and required for mitotic onset control. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:177-91. [PMID: 26261921 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint (MC) guards faithful sister chromatid segregation by monitoring the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochores. When chromosome attachment errors are detected, MC delays the metaphase-to-anaphase transition through the inhibition of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. In contrast to yeast and mammals, our knowledge on the proteins involved in MC in plants is scarce. Transient synchronization of root tips as well as promoter-reporter gene fusions were performed to analyze temporal and spatial expression of COPPER MODIFIED RESISTANCE1/PATRONUS1 (CMR1/PANS1) in developing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Functional analysis of the gene was carried out, including CYCB1;2 stability in CMR1/PANS1 knockout and overexpressor background as well as metaphase-anaphase chromosome status. CMR1/PANS1 is transcriptionally active during M phase. Its deficiency provokes premature cell cycle exit and in consequence a rapid consumption of the number of meristematic cells in particular under stress conditions that are known to affect spindle microtubules. Root growth impairment is correlated with a failure to delay the onset of anaphase, resulting in anaphase bridges and chromosome missegregation. CMR1/PANS1 overexpression stabilizes the mitotic CYCB1;2 protein. Likely, CMR1/PANS1 coordinates mitotic cell cycle progression by acting as an APC/C inhibitor and plays a key role in growth adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Juraniec
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jefri Heyman
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, D-06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Pietrino Salis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
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Chandran D, Wildermuth M. Modulation of Host Endocycle During Plant–Biotroph Interactions. DEVELOPMENTAL SIGNALING IN PLANTS 2016; 40:65-103. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ortiz-Gutiérrez E, García-Cruz K, Azpeitia E, Castillo A, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER. A Dynamic Gene Regulatory Network Model That Recovers the Cyclic Behavior of Arabidopsis thaliana Cell Cycle. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004486. [PMID: 26340681 PMCID: PMC4560428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle control is fundamental in eukaryotic development. Several modeling efforts have been used to integrate the complex network of interacting molecular components involved in cell cycle dynamics. In this paper, we aimed at recovering the regulatory logic upstream of previously known components of cell cycle control, with the aim of understanding the mechanisms underlying the emergence of the cyclic behavior of such components. We focus on Arabidopsis thaliana, but given that many components of cell cycle regulation are conserved among eukaryotes, when experimental data for this system was not available, we considered experimental results from yeast and animal systems. We are proposing a Boolean gene regulatory network (GRN) that converges into only one robust limit cycle attractor that closely resembles the cyclic behavior of the key cell-cycle molecular components and other regulators considered here. We validate the model by comparing our in silico configurations with data from loss- and gain-of-function mutants, where the endocyclic behavior also was recovered. Additionally, we approximate a continuous model and recovered the temporal periodic expression profiles of the cell-cycle molecular components involved, thus suggesting that the single limit cycle attractor recovered with the Boolean model is not an artifact of its discrete and synchronous nature, but rather an emergent consequence of the inherent characteristics of the regulatory logic proposed here. This dynamical model, hence provides a novel theoretical framework to address cell cycle regulation in plants, and it can also be used to propose novel predictions regarding cell cycle regulation in other eukaryotes. In multicellular organisms, cells undergo a cyclic behavior of DNA duplication and delivery of a copy to daughter cells during cell division. In each of the main cell-cycle (CC) stages different sets of proteins are active and genes are expressed. Understanding how such cycling cellular behavior emerges and is robustly maintained in the face of changing developmental and environmental conditions, remains a fundamental challenge of biology. The molecular components that cycle through DNA duplication and citokinesis are interconnected in a complex regulatory network. Several models of such network have been proposed, although the regulatory network that robustly recovers a limit-cycle steady state that resembles the behavior of CC molecular components has been recovered only in a few cases, and no comprehensive model exists for plants. In this paper we used the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, as a study system to propose a core regulatory network to recover a cyclic attractor that mimics the oscillatory behavior of the key CC components. Our analyses show that the proposed GRN model is robust to transient alterations, and is validated with the loss- and gain-of-function mutants of the CC components. The interactions proposed for Arabidopsis thaliana CC can inspire predictions for further uncovering regulatory motifs in the CC of other organisms including human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ortiz-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Karla García-Cruz
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - Aaron Castillo
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior, Junto a Jardín Botánico Exterior, México, D.F. CP 04510, México; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad-C3, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-275, México, D.F. 04510, México
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Polyn S, Willems A, De Veylder L. Cell cycle entry, maintenance, and exit during plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 23:1-7. [PMID: 25449720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Growth and development of plants are driven by the continuous production of new cells at the meristems; hence, it is of pivotal importance for plants to precisely regulate the timing and extent of cell proliferation. Although over the past decades the molecular components underlying cell cycle progression have been the subject of intensive research, knowledge remains scarce on how the various elements connect with developmental pathways. Recently, advances have been made that link cell cycle entry with nutrient availability, cell division maintenance with stem cell organization, and cell cycle exit with reactive oxygen species and developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Polyn
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alex Willems
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.
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Azzi L, Deluche C, Gévaudant F, Frangne N, Delmas F, Hernould M, Chevalier C. Fruit growth-related genes in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1075-86. [PMID: 25573859 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) represents a model species for all fleshy fruits due to its biological cycle and the availability of numerous genetic and molecular resources. Its importance in human nutrition has made it one of the most valuable worldwide commodities. Tomato fruit size results from the combination of cell number and cell size, which are determined by both cell division and expansion. As fruit growth is mainly driven by cell expansion, cells from the (fleshy) pericarp tissue become highly polyploid according to the endoreduplication process, reaching a DNA content rarely encountered in other plant species (between 2C and 512C). Both cell division and cell expansion are under the control of complex interactions between hormone signalling and carbon partitioning, which establish crucial determinants of the quality of ripe fruit, such as the final size, weight, and shape, and organoleptic and nutritional traits. This review describes the genes known to contribute to fruit growth in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Azzi
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Cynthia Deluche
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Nathalie Frangne
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Delmas
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Michel Hernould
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- INRA, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, CS20032, F-33882, Villenave d'Ornon cedex, France
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Mercier R, Mézard C, Jenczewski E, Macaisne N, Grelon M. The molecular biology of meiosis in plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:297-327. [PMID: 25494464 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding this process; in particular, the identification and functional analysis of more than 80 plant genes involved in meiosis have dramatically deepened our knowledge of this peculiar cell division. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in the understanding of all aspects of plant meiosis, including recombination, chromosome synapsis, cell cycle control, chromosome distribution, and the challenge of polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Mercier
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France; , , , ,
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Callis J. The ubiquitination machinery of the ubiquitin system. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2014; 12:e0174. [PMID: 25320573 PMCID: PMC4196676 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The protein ubiquitin is a covalent modifier of proteins, including itself. The ubiquitin system encompasses the enzymes required for catalysing attachment of ubiquitin to substrates as well as proteins that bind to ubiquitinated proteins leading them to their final fate. Also included are activities that remove ubiquitin independent of, or in concert with, proteolysis of the substrate, either by the proteasome or proteases in the vacuole. In addition to ubiquitin encoded by a family of fusion proteins, there are proteins with ubiquitin-like domains, likely forming ubiquitin's β-grasp fold, but incapable of covalent modification. However, they serve as protein-protein interaction platforms within the ubiquitin system. Multi-gene families encode all of these types of activities. Within the ubiquitination machinery "half" of the ubiquitin system are redundant, partially redundant, and unique components affecting diverse developmental and environmental responses in plants. Notably, multiple aspects of biotic and abiotic stress responses require, or are modulated by, ubiquitination. Finally, aspects of the ubiquitin system have broad utility: as components to enhance gene expression or to regulate protein abundance. This review focuses on the ubiquitination machinery: ubiquitin, unique aspects about the synthesis of ubiquitin and organization of its gene family, ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases, or E3s. Given the large number of E3s in Arabidopsis this review covers the U box, HECT and RING type E3s, with the exception of the cullin-based E3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Callis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis CA 95616
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41
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A quiescent path to plant longevity. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:443-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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The ASH1-RELATED3 SET-domain protein controls cell division competence of the meristem and the quiescent center of the Arabidopsis primary root. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:632-43. [PMID: 25034019 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) primary root apical meristem is composed of the quiescent (or organizing) center surrounded by stem (initial) cells for the different tissues. Initial cells generate a population of transit-amplifying cells that undergo a limited number of cell divisions before elongating and differentiating. It is unclear whether these divisions occur stochastically or in an orderly manner. Using the thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine to monitor DNA replication of cells of Arabidopsis root meristems, we identified a pattern of two, four, and eight neighboring cells with synchronized replication along the cortical, epidermal, and endodermal cell files, suggested to be daughters, granddaughters, and great-granddaughters of the direct progeny of each stem cell. Markers of mitosis and cytokinesis were not present in the region closest to the transition zone where the cells start to elongate, suggesting that great-granddaughter cells switch synchronously from the mitotic cell cycle to endoreduplication. Mutations in the stem cell niche-expressed ASH1-RELATED3 (ASHR3) gene, encoding a SET-domain protein conferring histone H3 lysine-36 methylation, disrupted this pattern of coordinated DNA replication and cell division and increased the cell division rate in the quiescent center. E2Fa/E2Fb transcription factors controlling the G1-to-S-phase transition regulate ASHR3 expression and bind to the ASHR3 promoter, substantiating a role for ASHR3 in cell division control. The reduced length of the root apical meristem and primary root of the mutant ashr3-1 indicate that synchronization of replication and cell divisions is required for normal root growth and development.
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Blomme J, Inzé D, Gonzalez N. The cell-cycle interactome: a source of growth regulators? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2715-30. [PMID: 24298000 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
When plants develop, cell proliferation and cell expansion are tightly controlled in order to generate organs with a determinate final size such as leaves. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of the cell proliferation phase for leaf growth, illustrating that cell-cycle regulation is crucial for correct leaf development. A large and complex set of interacting proteins that constitute the cell-cycle interactome controls the transition from one cell-cycle phase to another. Here, we review the current knowledge on cell-cycle regulators from this interactome affecting final leaf size when their expression is altered, mainly in Arabidopsis. In addition to the description of mutants of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES (CDKs), CYCLINS (CYCs), and their transcriptional and post-translational regulators, a phenotypic analysis of gain- and loss-of-function mutants for 27 genes encoding proteins that interact with cell-cycle proteins is presented. This compilation of information shows that when cell-cycle-related genes are mis-expressed, leaf growth is often altered and that, seemingly, three main trends appear to be crucial in the regulation of final organ size by cell-cycle-related genes: (i) cellular compensation; (ii) gene dosage; and (iii) correct transition through the G2/M phase by ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX/CYCLOSOME (APC/C) activation. In conclusion, this meta-analysis shows that the cell-cycle interactome is enriched in leaf growth regulators, and illustrates the potential to identify new leaf growth regulators among putative new cell-cycle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Blomme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Department of Plant Systems Biology and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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Chevalier C, Bourdon M, Pirrello J, Cheniclet C, Gévaudant F, Frangne N. Endoreduplication and fruit growth in tomato: evidence in favour of the karyoplasmic ratio theory. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2731-46. [PMID: 24187421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth of a plant organ depends upon the developmental processes of cell division and cell expansion. The activity of cell divisions sets the number of cells that will make up the organ; the cell expansion activity then determines its final size. Among the various mechanisms that may influence the determination of cell size, endopolyploidy by means of endoreduplication appears to be of great importance in plants. Endoreduplication is widespread in plants and supports the process of differentiation of cells and organs. Its functional role in plant cells is not fully understood, although it is commonly associated with ploidy-dependent cell expansion. During the development of tomato fruit, cells from the (fleshy) pericarp tissue become highly polyploid, reaching a DNA content barely encountered in other plant species (between 2C and 512C). Recent investigations using tomato fruit development as a model provided new data in favour of the long-standing karyoplasmic ratio theory, stating that cells tend to adjust their cytoplasmic volume to the nuclear DNA content. By establishing a highly structured cellular system where multiple physiological functions are integrated, endoreduplication does act as a morphogenetic factor supporting cell growth during tomato fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Chevalier
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Matthieu Bourdon
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Julien Pirrello
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Cheniclet
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France CNRS, Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Frangne
- University of Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Genschik P, Marrocco K, Bach L, Noir S, Criqui MC. Selective protein degradation: a rheostat to modulate cell-cycle phase transitions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2603-15. [PMID: 24353246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth control has become a major focus due to economic reasons and results from a balance of cell proliferation in meristems and cell elongation that occurs during differentiation. Research on plant cell proliferation over the last two decades has revealed that the basic cell-cycle machinery is conserved between human and plants, although specificities exist. While many regulatory circuits control each step of the cell cycle, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) appears in fungi and metazoans as a major player. In particular, the UPS promotes irreversible proteolysis of a set of regulatory proteins absolutely required for cell-cycle phase transitions. Not unexpectedly, work over the last decade has brought the UPS to the forefront of plant cell-cycle research. In this review, we will summarize our knowledge of the function of the UPS in the mitotic cycle and in endoreduplication, and also in meiosis in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Katia Marrocco
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Lien Bach
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes 'Claude Grignon', UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Noir
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Claire Criqui
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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Huysman MJ, Martens C, Vyverman W, De Veylder L. Protein degradation during the diatom cell cycle: Annotation and transcriptional analysis of SCF and APC/C ubiquitin ligase genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Mar Genomics 2014; 14:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Breuer C, Braidwood L, Sugimoto K. Endocycling in the path of plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 17:78-85. [PMID: 24507498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Genome duplication is a widespread phenomenon in many eukaryotes. In plants numeric changes of chromosome sets have tremendous impact on growth performance and yields, hence, are of high importance for agriculture. In contrast to polyploidisation in which the genome is duplicated throughout the entire organism and stably inherited by the offspring, endopolyploidy relies on endocycles in which cells multiply the genome in specific tissues and cell types. During the endocycle cells repeatedly replicate their DNA but skip mitosis, leading to genome duplication after each round. Endocycles are common in multicellular eukaryotes and are often involved in the regulation of cell and organ growth. In plants, changes in cellular ploidy have also been associated with other developmental processes as well as physiological interactions with the surrounding environment. Thus, endocycles play pivotal roles throughout the life cycle of many plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Luke Braidwood
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Dante RA, Sabelli PA, Nguyen HN, Leiva-Neto JT, Tao Y, Lowe KS, Hoerster GJ, Gordon-Kamm WJ, Jung R, Larkins BA. Cyclin-dependent kinase complexes in developing maize endosperm: evidence for differential expression and functional specialization. PLANTA 2014; 239:493-509. [PMID: 24240479 PMCID: PMC3902077 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endosperm development in maize (Zea mays L.) and related cereals comprises a cell proliferation stage followed by a period of rapid growth coupled to endoreduplication. Regulation of the cell cycle in developing endosperm is poorly understood. We have characterized various subunits of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes, master cell cycle regulators in all eukaryotes. A-, B-, and D-type cyclins as well as A- and B-type cyclin-dependent kinases were characterized with respect to their RNA and protein expression profiles. Two main patterns were identified: one showing expression throughout endosperm development, and another characterized by a sharp down-regulation with the onset of endoreduplication. Cyclin CYCB1;3 and CYCD2;1 proteins were distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells throughout the endosperm, while cyclin CYCD5 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of peripheral cells. CDKB1;1 expression was strongly associated with cell proliferation. Expression and cyclin-binding patterns suggested that CDKA;1 and CDKA;3 are at least partially redundant. The kinase activity associated with the cyclin CYCA1 was highest during the mitotic stage of development, while that associated with CYCB1;3, CYCD2;1 and CYCD5 peaked at the mitosis-to-endoreduplication transition. A-, B- and D-type cyclins were more resistant to proteasome-dependent degradation in endoreduplicating than in mitotic endosperm extracts. These results indicated that endosperm development is characterized by differential expression and activity of specific cyclins and CDKs, and suggested that endoreduplication is associated with reduced cyclin proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Dante
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 303 Forbes, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Present Address: Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello 209, Campinas, SP 13083-886 Brazil
| | - Paolo A. Sabelli
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 303 Forbes, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Hong N. Nguyen
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 303 Forbes, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - João T. Leiva-Neto
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 303 Forbes, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Yumin Tao
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IO 50131 USA
| | - Keith S. Lowe
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IO 50131 USA
| | | | | | - Rudolf Jung
- Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Johnston, IO 50131 USA
| | - Brian A. Larkins
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, 303 Forbes, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
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Hepworth J, Lenhard M. Regulation of plant lateral-organ growth by modulating cell number and size. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 17:36-42. [PMID: 24507492 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leaves and floral organs grow to distinct, species-specific sizes and shapes. Research over the last few years has increased our understanding of how genetic pathways modulate cell proliferation and cell expansion to determine these sizes and shapes. In particular, the timing of proliferation arrest is an important point of control for organ size, and work on the regulators involved is showing how this control is achieved mechanistically and integrates environmental information. We are also beginning to understand how growth differs in different organs to produce their characteristic shapes, and how growth is integrated between different tissues that make up plant organs. Lastly, components of the general machinery in eukaryotic cells have been identified as having important roles in growth control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Hepworth
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, House 26, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Lenhard
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, House 26, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Li N, Li Y. Ubiquitin-mediated control of seed size in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:332. [PMID: 25071811 PMCID: PMC4093792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed size in higher plants is an important agronomic trait, and is also crucial for evolutionary fitness. In flowering plants, the seed comprises three major anatomical components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat, each with different genetic compositions. Therefore, seed size is coordinately determined by the growth of the embryo, endosperm and maternal tissue. Recent studies have revealed multiple pathways that influence seed size in plants. Several factors involved in ubiquitin-related activities have been recently known to determine seed size in Arabidopsis and rice. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of ubiquitin-mediated control of seed size and discuss the role of the ubiquitin pathway in seed size control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunhai Li
- *Correspondence: Yunhai Li, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, No.1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China e-mail:
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