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Connell M, Xie Y, Deng X, Chen R, Zhu S. Kin17 regulates proper cortical localization of Miranda in Drosophila neuroblasts by regulating Flfl expression. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113823. [PMID: 38386552 PMCID: PMC10980573 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During asymmetric division of Drosophila larval neuroblasts, the fate determinant Prospero (Pros) and its adaptor Miranda (Mira) are segregated to the basal cortex through atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) phosphorylation of Mira and displacement from the apical cortex, but Mira localization after aPKC phosphorylation is not well understood. We identify Kin17, a DNA replication and repair protein, as a regulator of Mira localization during asymmetric cell division. Loss of Kin17 leads to aberrant localization of Mira and Pros to the centrosome, cytoplasm, and nucleus. We provide evidence to show that the mislocalization of Mira and Pros is likely due to reduced expression of Falafel (Flfl), a component of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4), and defects in dephosphorylation of serine-96 of Mira. Our work reveals that Mira is likely dephosphorylated by PP4 at the centrosome to ensure proper basal localization of Mira after aPKC phosphorylation and that Kin17 regulates PP4 activity by regulating Flfl expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Connell
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Yonggang Xie
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Xiaobing Deng
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sijun Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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2
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Huang X, Dai Z, Li Q, Lin X, Huang Q, Zeng T. Roles and regulatory mechanisms of KIN17 in cancers (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:137. [PMID: 36909374 PMCID: PMC9996293 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
KIN17, which is known as a DNA and RNA binding protein, is highly expressed in numerous types of human cancers and was discovered to participate in several vital cell behaviors, including DNA replication, damage repair, regulation of cell cycle and RNA processing. Furthermore, KIN17 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle regulation by regulating pathways including the p38 MAPK, NF-κB-Snail and TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathways. In addition, knockdown of KIN17 was found to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the expression of KIN17 between cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Both the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that KIN17 is aberrantly high expressed in various tumor tissues and is also associated with poor prognosis in patients with various tumor types. Taken together, KIN17 has key roles in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Investigating the relationship between KIN17 and neoplasms will provide a vital theoretical basis for KIN17 to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer patients and as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Huang
- Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
| | - Zichang Dai
- Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocong Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Qiyuan Huang
- Clinical Biobank Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524000, P.R. China
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3
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Deficiency of kin17 Facilitates Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells by Modulating Caspase 3, PARP, and Bcl-2 Family Proteins. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3156968. [PMID: 35909901 PMCID: PMC9328945 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3156968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The treatment of cervical cancer in the late stage is still quite challenging, because of nonspecificity in conventional therapies and the lack of molecular targeted drugs. It is necessary to find novel biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment. Methods In the present study, cervical cell lines HeLa and SiHa with kin17 knockdown were constructed by transfection of the recombinant lentiviral vector carrying KIN17 siRNA and screened by puromycin. The established cells with kin17 knockdown were determined by fluorescence observation and western blotting. Cell apoptosis and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry. The activity of caspase 3 enzyme was tested by spectrophotometry. The expression profile of apoptosis-associated proteins was analyzed by western blotting. Finally, we used bioinformatics and proteomic data to analyze KIN-related genes in cervical cancer. Results The results showed high fluorescent positive rates (>90%) and high gene silencing efficiency (>65%) in HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with gene silencing vectors. Moreover, kin17 deficiency decreased the MMP and increased the apoptosis rates in HeLa and SiHa cells, respectively. Furthermore, knockdown of kin17 enhanced the activity of caspase 3 enzyme, increased the expression of cleaved PARP and Bim, while decreasing the expression of Bcl-xL and phosphorylated BAD in HeLa and SiHa cells. Identification of KIN-related prognostic genes in cervical cancer revealed that a total of 5 genes (FZR1, IMPDH1, GPKOW, XPA, and DDX39A) were constructed for this risk score, and the results showed that CTLA4 expressions were negatively correlated with the risk score. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that kin17 knockdown facilitates apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by targeting caspase 3, PARP, and Bcl-2 family proteins. Besides, kin17 could regulate cancer cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway and could be used as a novel therapeutic target for the regulation of cell apoptosis in cervical cancer.
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4
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A genetic screen in C. elegans reveals roles for KIN17 and PRCC in maintaining 5' splice site identity. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010028. [PMID: 35143478 PMCID: PMC8865678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-mRNA splicing is an essential step of eukaryotic gene expression carried out by a series of dynamic macromolecular protein/RNA complexes, known collectively and individually as the spliceosome. This series of spliceosomal complexes define, assemble on, and catalyze the removal of introns. Molecular model snapshots of intermediates in the process have been created from cryo-EM data, however, many aspects of the dynamic changes that occur in the spliceosome are not fully understood. Caenorhabditis elegans follow the GU-AG rule of splicing, with almost all introns beginning with 5’ GU and ending with 3’ AG. These splice sites are identified early in the splicing cycle, but as the cycle progresses and “custody” of the pre-mRNA splice sites is passed from factor to factor as the catalytic site is built, the mechanism by which splice site identity is maintained or re-established through these dynamic changes is unclear. We performed a genetic screen in C. elegans for factors that are capable of changing 5’ splice site choice. We report that KIN17 and PRCC are involved in splice site choice, the first functional splicing role proposed for either of these proteins. Previously identified suppressors of cryptic 5’ splicing promote distal cryptic GU splice sites, however, mutations in KIN17 and PRCC instead promote usage of an unusual proximal 5’ splice site which defines an intron beginning with UU, separated by 1nt from a GU donor. We performed high-throughput mRNA sequencing analysis and found that mutations in PRCC, and to a lesser extent KIN17, changed alternative 5’ splice site usage at native sites genome-wide, often promoting usage of nearby non-consensus sites. Our work has uncovered both fine and coarse mechanisms by which the spliceosome maintains splice site identity during the complex assembly process. Pre-messenger RNA splicing is an important regulator of eukaryotic gene expression, changing the content, frame, and functionality of both coding and non-coding transcripts. Our understanding of how the spliceosome chooses where to cut has focused on the initial identification of splice sites. However, our results suggest that the spliceosome also relies on other components in later steps to maintain the identity of the splice donor sites. We are currently in the midst of a “resolution revolution”, with ever-clearer cryo-EM snapshots of stalled complexes, allowing researchers to visualize moments in time in the splicing cycle. These models are illuminating, but do not always elucidate mechanistic functioning of a highly dynamic ribonucleoprotein complex. Therefore, our lab takes a complementary approach, using the power of genetics in a multicellular animal to gain functional insights into the spliceosome. Using a C.elegans genetic screen, we have found novel functional splicing roles for two proteins, KIN17 and PRCC. Mutations in PRCC in particular promote nearby alternative 5’ splice sites at native loci. This work improves our understanding of how the spliceosome maintains the identity of where to cut the pre-mRNA, and thus how genes are expressed and used in multicellular animals.
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5
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Interactome Analysis of KIN (Kin17) Shows New Functions of This Protein. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:767-781. [PMID: 34449532 PMCID: PMC8929021 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KIN (Kin17) protein is overexpressed in a number of cancerous cell lines, and is therefore considered a possible cancer biomarker. It is a well-conserved protein across eukaryotes and is ubiquitously expressed in all cell types studied, suggesting an important role in the maintenance of basic cellular function which is yet to be well determined. Early studies on KIN suggested that this nuclear protein plays a role in cellular mechanisms such as DNA replication and/or repair; however, its association with chromatin depends on its methylation state. In order to provide a better understanding of the cellular role of this protein, we investigated its interactome by proximity-dependent biotin identification coupled to mass spectrometry (BioID-MS), used for identification of protein-protein interactions. Our analyses detected interaction with a novel set of proteins and reinforced previous observations linking KIN to factors involved in RNA processing, notably pre-mRNA splicing and ribosome biogenesis. However, little evidence supports that this protein is directly coupled to DNA replication and/or repair processes, as previously suggested. Furthermore, a novel interaction was observed with PRMT7 (protein arginine methyltransferase 7) and we demonstrated that KIN is modified by this enzyme. This interactome analysis indicates that KIN is associated with several cell metabolism functions, and shows for the first time an association with ribosome biogenesis, suggesting that KIN is likely a moonlight protein.
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6
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Huang Q, Zahid KR, Chen J, Pang X, Zhong M, Huang H, Pan W, Yin J, Raza U, Zeng J, Zhu X, Zeng T. KIN17 promotes tumor metastasis by activating EMT signaling in luminal-A breast cancer. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2013-2023. [PMID: 34008927 PMCID: PMC8258367 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC), the most common cause of cancer death in women, overtook lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer worldwide in 2020. Although many studies have proposed KIN17 as a biomarker of tumorigenesis in different cancer types, its role in tumor metastasis, particularly in BC metastasis, has been underexplored. This study aimed to explore the role of KIN17 in BC metastasis. Methods Survival analyses was performed to identify the association between KIN17 expression and BC patient survival in silico. Using lentivirus constructs, we developed bidirectional KIN17 expression (KD, knockdown; OE, overexpression) cellular models of luminal‐A (Lum‐A) breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. We performed in vitro wound healing, transwell with and without Matrigel assays, and in vivo tail‐vein metastasis assay to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of MCF‐7 with stable KIN17 knockdown or overexpression. Western blotting was performed to compare the changes in protein expression. Results We found that KIN17 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) and post‐progression survival (PPS), particularly in Lum‐A breast cancer patients. Later, we found that KIN17 knockdown inhibited migration and invasion of MCF‐7 cells via regulating EMT‐associated signaling pathways in vitro and decreases metastatic spread of the disease in vivo. In contrast, KIN17 overexpression promoted migration and invasion of MCF‐7 cells in vitro and increased the metastatic spread of the disease in vivo. Conclusions Overall, our findings provide preliminary data which suggests KIN17 of importance to target in metastatic Lum‐A patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinsi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxiong Pang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Zhong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongling Huang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou, China
| | - Weifeng Pan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Yin
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Umar Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jiamin Zeng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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7
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The kin17 Protein in Murine Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:27912-20. [PMID: 26610484 PMCID: PMC4661930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161126072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
kin17 has been described as a protein involved in the processes of DNA replication initiation, DNA recombination, and DNA repair. kin17 has been studied as a potential molecular marker of breast cancer. This work reports the detection and localization of this protein in the murine melanoma cell line B16F10-Nex2 and in two derived subclones with different metastatic potential, B16-8HR and B16-10CR. Nuclear and chromatin-associated protein fractions were analyzed, and kin17 was detected in all fractions, with an elevated concentration observed in the chromatin-associated fraction of the clone with low metastatic potential, suggesting that the kin17 expression level could be a marker of melanoma.
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8
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Yu M, Zhang Z, Yu H, Xue C, Yuan K, Miao M, Shi H. KIN enhances stem cell-like properties to promote chemoresistance in colorectal carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:63-9. [PMID: 24755081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is widely used in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, especially in advanced stage patients. However, it is inevitable to develop chemoresistance. Recently, cancer cells acquired stem cell-like properties or cancer stem cells (CSC) were proved to attribute to chemoresistance. Here, we found that KIN protein was elevated in CRC cell lines and tissue specimens as compared to normal controls. Upregulation of KIN positively correlates with the metastatic status of CRC patients. Patients with high KIN expression showed poor prognosis and were with a short survival time. Overexpression of KIN enhanced, while silencing KIN impaired, chemoresistance to oxaliplatin (Ox) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC cell lines. Further investigation demonstrated that overexpression of KIN rendered CRC cells enriching CSC markers and CSC phenotype, and silencing KIN reduced CSC markers and CSC phenotype. Our findings suggest that the KIN level may be a suitable marker for predicting chemotherapy response in CRC, and silencing KIN plus chemotherapy may be a novel therapy for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Honglan Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Conglong Xue
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kaitao Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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9
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Araneda S, Pelloux S, Radicella JP, Angulo J, Kitahama K, Gysling K, Forray MI. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, but not Kin17 protein, is translocated and differentially regulated by estrogens in rat brain cells. Neuroscience 2005; 136:135-46. [PMID: 16182450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase and Kin17 are proteins widely distributed and phylogenetically conserved in the CNS. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase is a DNA repair enzyme that excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine present in DNA damaged by oxidative stress. Kin17 protein is involved in DNA repair and illegitimate recombination in eukaryotic cells. The present study evaluates the effect of ovarian hormones on the expression of both proteins in the magnocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in female and male rat brains. In the paraventricular nucleus, ovariectomy induced a significant decrease in the number of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-positive nuclei as well as in their relative fluorescent intensity as compared with ovariectomized-estradiol treated and proestrous groups. Confocal microscopy observation demonstrated that oxoguanine DNA glycosylase protein is located in the Hoechst-dyed nuclei and cytoplasm in male and ovariectomized rats. Surprisingly, following estradiol administration to ovariectomized and proestrous rats, the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase immunolabeling was observed in the nucleolus, the cytoplasm and the dendrites of cells, while Kin17 protein was always localized in the cell nuclei. In the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the number of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-positive nuclei during proestrous was significantly lower than the number obtained in males and ovariectomized rats and similar to the number of ovariectomized-estradiol-treated groups. In contrast to these observations, no significant differences were observed in the expression of kin17 protein. Our results suggest that estrogens differentially regulate the expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, but not that of Kin17 protein, in specific regions of the rat brain and that estradiol can translocate the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase protein within nuclei and to other subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Araneda
- Physiologie Intégrative, Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UMR5123 CNRS/UCB Lyon 1. Bat Raphaël Dubois, Campus La Doua, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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10
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Vega-Arreguín JC, Timchenko T, Gronenborn B, Ramírez BC. A functional histidine-tagged replication initiator protein: implications for the study of single-stranded DNA virus replication in planta. J Virol 2005; 79:8422-30. [PMID: 15956586 PMCID: PMC1143747 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.13.8422-8430.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication initiation of nanoviruses, plant viruses with a multipartite circular single-stranded DNA genome, is triggered by the master Rep (M-Rep) protein. To enable the study of interactions between M-Rep and viral or host factors involved in replication, we designed oligohistidine-tagged variants of the nanovirus Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) M-Rep protein that allow affinity purification of enzymatically active M-Rep from plant tissue. The tagged M-Rep protein was able to initiate replication of its cognate and other FBNYV DNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf disks and plants. The replicon encoding the tagged M-Rep protein multiplied and moved systemically in FBNYV-infected Vicia faba plants and was transmitted by the aphid vector of the virus. Using the tagged M-Rep protein, we demonstrated the in planta interaction between wild-type M-Rep and its tagged counterpart. Such a tagged and fully functional replication initiator protein will have bearings on the isolation of protein complexes from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Vega-Arreguín
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bât. 23, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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11
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Miccoli L, Frouin I, Novac O, Di Paola D, Harper F, Zannis-Hadjopoulos M, Maga G, Biard DSF, Angulo JF. The human stress-activated protein kin17 belongs to the multiprotein DNA replication complex and associates in vivo with mammalian replication origins. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:3814-30. [PMID: 15831485 PMCID: PMC1084281 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.9.3814-3830.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human stress-activated protein kin17 accumulates in the nuclei of proliferating cells with predominant colocalization with sites of active DNA replication. The distribution of kin17 protein is in equilibrium between chromatin-DNA and the nuclear matrix. An increased association with nonchromatin nuclear structure is observed in S-phase cells. We demonstrated here that kin17 protein strongly associates in vivo with DNA fragments containing replication origins in both human HeLa and monkey CV-1 cells. This association was 10-fold higher than that observed with nonorigin control DNA fragments in exponentially growing cells. In addition, the association of kin17 protein to DNA fragments containing replication origins was also analyzed as a function of the cell cycle. High binding of kin17 protein was found at the G(1)/S border and throughout the S phase and was negligible in both G(0) and M phases. Specific monoclonal antibodies against kin17 protein induced a threefold inhibition of in vitro DNA replication of a plasmid containing a minimal replication origin that could be partially restored by the addition of recombinant kin17 protein. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the colocalization of kin17 protein with replication proteins like RPA, PCNA, and DNA polymerase alpha. A two-step chromatographic fractionation of nuclear extracts from HeLa cells revealed that kin17 protein localized in vivo in distinct protein complexes of high molecular weight. We found that kin17 protein purified within an approximately 600-kDa protein complex able to support in vitro DNA replication by means of two different biochemical methods designed to isolate replication complexes. In addition, the reduced in vitro DNA replication activity of the multiprotein replication complex after immunodepletion for kin17 protein highlighted for a direct role in DNA replication at the origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Miccoli
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre de Fontenay-aux-Roses, LGR/DRR/DSV, BP6, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
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12
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Pinon-Lataillade G, Masson C, Bernardino-Sgherri J, Henriot V, Mauffrey P, Frobert Y, Araneda S, Angulo JF. KIN17 encodes an RNA-binding protein and is expressed during mouse spermatogenesis. J Cell Sci 2005; 117:3691-702. [PMID: 15252136 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic agents deform DNA structure thus eliciting a complex genetic response allowing recovery and cell survival. The Kin17 gene is up-regulated during this response. This gene encodes a conserved nuclear protein that shares a DNA-binding domain with the bacterial RecA protein. The KIN17 protein binds DNA and displays enhanced expression levels in proliferating cultured cells, suggesting a role in nuclear metabolism. We investigated this by studying the expression profile of KIN17 protein during mouse spermatogenesis. As expected, the expression level of Kin17 is higher in proliferating than in differentiated cells. KIN17 is selectively extracted from this tissue by detergents and a fraction was tightly associated with the nuclear matrix. Germinal cells ubiquitously express Kin17 and the protein is located mainly in the nucleus except in elongated spermatids where cytoplasmic staining is also observed. Sertoli and germ cells that are no longer mitotically active express KIN17, suggesting a general role in all testicular cell types. In adult testis a significant proportion of KIN17 co-purifies with polyadenylated RNA. KIN17 directly binds RNA, preferentially poly(G) and poly(U) homopolymers. These results together with the identification of KIN17 as a component of the human spliceosome indicate that this protein may participate in RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghislaine Pinon-Lataillade
- Laboratoire de Génétique de la Radiosensibilité, CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, B.P. 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses CEDEX, France.
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13
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Miccoli L, Biard DSF, Frouin I, Harper F, Maga G, Angulo JF. Selective interactions of human kin17 and RPA proteins with chromatin and the nuclear matrix in a DNA damage- and cell cycle-regulated manner. Nucleic Acids Res 2003; 31:4162-75. [PMID: 12853634 PMCID: PMC165974 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkg459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins involved in DNA synthesis are part of the so-called 'replication factories' that are anchored on non-chromatin nuclear structures. We report here that human kin17, a nuclear stress-activated protein, associates with both chromatin and non-chromatin nuclear structures in a cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent manner. After L-mimosine block and withdrawal we observed that kin17 protein was recruited in the nucleus during re-entry and progression through S phase. These results are consistent with a role of kin17 protein in DNA replication. About 50% of the total amount of kin17 protein was detected on nuclear structures and could not be released by detergents. Furthermore, the amount of kin17 protein greatly increased in both G(1)/S and S phase-arrested cells in fractions containing proteins anchored to nuclear structures. The detection of kin17 protein showed for the first time its preferential assembly within non-chromatin nuclear structures in G(1)/S and S phase-arrested cells, while the association with these structures was found to be less stable in the G(2)/M phase, as judged by fractionation of human cells and immunostaining. In asynchronous growing cells, kin17 protein interacted with both chromatin DNA and non-chromatin nuclear structures, while in S phase-arrested cells it interacted mostly with non-chromatin nuclear structures, as judged by DNase I treatment and in vivo UV cross-linking. In the presence of DNA damage in S phase cells, the distribution of kin17 protein became mainly associated with chromosomal DNA, as judged by limited formaldehyde cross-linking of living cells. The physical interaction of kin17 protein with components of the nuclear matrix was confirmed and visualized by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Our results indicate that, during S phase, a fraction of the human kin17 protein preferentially associates with the nuclear matrix, a fundamentally non-chromatin higher order nuclear structure, and to chromatin DNA in the presence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Miccoli
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Laboratoire de Génétique de la Radiosensibilité, Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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14
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Despras E, Miccoli L, Créminon C, Rouillard D, Angulo JF, Biard DSF. Depletion of KIN17, a human DNA replication protein, increases the radiosensitivity of RKO cells. Radiat Res 2003; 159:748-58. [PMID: 12751957 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0748:dokahd]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The human KIN17 protein is a chromatin-associated protein involved in DNA replication. Certain tumor cell lines overproduce KIN17 protein. Among 16 cell lines, the highest KIN17 protein level was observed in H1299 non-small cell lung cancer cells, whereas the lowest was detected in MeWo melanoma cells. Cells displaying higher KIN17 protein levels exhibited elevated RPA70 protein contents. High KIN17 protein levels may be a consequence of the tumorigenic phenotype or a prerequisite for tumor progression. Twenty-four hours after exposure to ionizing radiation, after the completion of DNA repair, a co-induction of chromatin-bound KIN17 and RPA70 proteins was detected. Etoposide, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II generating double-strand breaks, triggered the concentration of KIN17 into punctuate intranuclear foci. KIN17 may be associated with unrepaired DNA sites. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 48 h after transfection the uppermost KIN17-positive RKO cells shifted in the cell cycle toward higher DNA content, suggesting that KIN17 protein induced defects in chromatin conformation. Cells displaying reduced levels of KIN17 transcript exhibited a sixfold increased radiosensitivity at 2 Gy. The KIN17 protein may be a component of the DNA replication machinery that participates in the cellular response to unrepaired DSBs, and an impaired KIN17 pathway leads to an increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Despras
- CEA, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Laboratoire de Génétique de la Radiosensibilité, Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France
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15
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Ponting CP. Novel domains and orthologues of eukaryotic transcription elongation factors. Nucleic Acids Res 2002; 30:3643-52. [PMID: 12202748 PMCID: PMC137420 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkf498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The passage of RNA polymerase II across eukaryotic genes is impeded by the nucleosome, an octamer of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 dimers. More than a dozen factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to facilitate transcription elongation through chromatin. In order to better understand the evolution and function of these factors, their sequences have been compared with known protein, EST and DNA sequences. Elongator subcomplex components Elp4p and Elp6p are shown to be homologues of ATPases, yet with substitutions of amino acids critical for ATP hydrolysis, and novel orthologues of Elp5p are detectable in human, and other animal, sequences. The yeast CP complex is shown to contain a likely inactive homologue of M24 family metalloproteases in Spt16p/Cdc68p and a 2-fold repeat in Pob3p, the orthologue of mammalian SSRP1. Archaeal DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit E" is shown to be the orthologue of eukaryotic Spt4p, and Spt5p and prokaryotic NusG are shown to contain a novel 'NGN' domain. Spt6p is found to contain a domain homologous to the YqgF family of RNases, although this domain may also lack catalytic activity. These findings imply that much of the transcription elongation machinery of eukaryotes has been acquired subsequent to their divergence from prokaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris P Ponting
- MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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16
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Biard DSF, Miccoli L, Despras E, Frobert Y, Creminon C, Angulo JF. Ionizing radiation triggers chromatin-bound kin17 complex formation in human cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:19156-65. [PMID: 11880372 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200321200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human DNA-binding (HSA)kin17 protein cross-reacts with antibodies raised against the stress-activated Escherichia coli RecA protein. We show here that (HSA)kin17 protein is directly associated with chromosomal DNA as judged by cross-linking experiments on living cells. We detected increased amounts of DNA-bound (HSA)kin17 protein 24 h after gamma irradiation, with 2.6-fold more (HSA)kin17 molecules after 6 Gy of irradiation (46,000-117,000 molecules). At this time we observed that highly proliferating RKO cells displayed the concentration and co-localization of (HSA)kin17 and replication protein A in nucleoplasmic foci. Our results suggest that 24 h post-irradiation (HSA)kin17 protein may localize at the sites of unrepaired DNA damages. RKO clones expressing an (HSA)KIN17 antisense transcript (RASK.5 and RASK.13 cells) revealed that reduced (HSA)kin17 protein levels are correlated with a decrease in clonogenic cell growth and cell proliferation, as well as an accumulation of cells in early and mid-S phase. Taken together our observations support the idea that (HSA)kin17 protein is a DNA maintenance protein involved in the cellular response to the presence of DNA damage and suggest that it helps to overcome the perturbation of DNA replication produced by unrepaired lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S F Biard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Laboratoire de Génétique de la Radiosensibilité, Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Fontenay-aux-Roses 92265, France.
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17
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Araneda S, Mermet N, Verjat T, Angulo JF, Radicella JP. Expression of Kin17 and 8-OxoG DNA glycosylase in cells of rodent and quail central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2001; 56:139-46. [PMID: 11704351 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(01)00620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kin17 and 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) are proteins, respectively, involved in illegitimate recombination and DNA repair in eukaryotic cells. To characterize the expression of these proteins in cell types of rodent and avian brains, we combined immunocytochemistry for either Kin17 or Ogg1 proteins with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, an astrocyte marker) immunodetection on the same tissue section. Both Kin17 and Ogg1 proteins were localized in cell nuclei and were extensively distributed in neuronal populations of quail and rodent brains. However, GFAP-immunoreactive cells were never labeled by Kin17 protein. This was observed in nerve fiber tracts, in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal formation, the hypothalamic region, and the periventricular regions of the brain of both species studied. These results were confirmed by combining in situ hybridization of kin17 mRNA and GFAP immunodetection. On the contrary, GFAP-immunoreactive cells were often labeled by the Ogg1 protein in brain structures such as fiber tracts, the cortical surface, the cerebellum, and the ependymal surface of both quail and mouse brains. Our results suggest that the expression of the Kin17 protein (observed in neurons) and that of the Ogg1 protein (observed in neurons and glial cells) is conserved in brain phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Araneda
- Neurobiologie des états de sommeils et d'éveil, INSERM U480, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon Cedex, France.
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18
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Abstract
The pituitary corticotrope AtT-20 stable cell line has been used as a model system to study peptide secretion, glucocorticoid regulation, and several other processes. In order to better understand this model cell line, a phage cDNA library was generated from AtT-20/D-16v cell mRNA and cDNA sequences were obtained for 317 clones representing 203 known genes and 48 novel cDNAs. The sequencing results revealed the prevalence of the mouse leukemia virus in this cell line and also identified a number of putatively secreted molecules that were not previously recognized as being secreted from AtT-20/D-16v cells or pituitary corticotropes. Nine completely novel cDNAs and 39 cDNAs homologous to known ESTs were also identified. A listing of other genes known to be expressed in AtT-20/D-16v cells is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Schiller
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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19
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Kannouche P, Mauffrey P, Pinon-Lataillade G, Mattei MG, Sarasin A, Daya-Grosjean L, Angulo JF. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human KIN17 cDNA encoding a component of the UVC response that is conserved among metazoans. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:1701-10. [PMID: 10964102 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.9.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the cloning and characterization of the human KIN17 cDNA encoding a 45 kDa zinc finger nuclear protein. Previous reports indicated that mouse kin17 protein may play a role in illegitimate recombination and in gene regulation. Furthermore, overproduction of mouse kin17 protein inhibits the growth of mammalian cells, particularly the proliferation of human tumour-derived cells. We show here that the KIN17 gene is remarkably conserved during evolution. Indeed, the human and mouse kin17 proteins are 92.4% identical. Furthermore, DNA sequences from fruit fly and filaria code for proteins that are 60% identical to the mammalian kin17 proteins, indicating conservation of the KIN17 gene among metazoans. The human KIN17 gene, named (HSA)KIN17, is located on human chromosome 10 at p15-p14. The (HSA)KIN17 RNA is ubiquitously expressed in all the tissues and organs examined, although muscle, heart and testis display the highest levels. UVC irradiation of quiescent human primary fibroblasts increases (HSA)KIN17 RNA with kinetics similar to those observed in mouse cells, suggesting that up-regulation of the (HSA)KIN17 gene after UVC irradiation is a conserved response in mammalian cells. (HSA)kin17 protein is concentrated in intranuclear focal structures in proliferating cells as judged by indirect immunofluorescence. UVC irradiation disassembles (HSA)kin17 foci in cycling cells, indicating a link between the intranuclear distribution of (HSA)kin17 protein and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kannouche
- Laboratoire de Génétique de la Radiosensibilité, Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Centre d'Etudes de Fontenay-aux-Roses, CEA, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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20
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Blattner C, Kannouche P, Litfin M, Bender K, Rahmsdorf HJ, Angulo JF, Herrlich P. UV-Induced stabilization of c-fos and other short-lived mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:3616-25. [PMID: 10779351 PMCID: PMC85654 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.10.3616-3625.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Irradiation of cells with short-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVC) changes the program of gene expression, in part within less than 15 min. As one of the immediate-early genes in response to UV, expression of the oncogene c-fos is upregulated. This immediate induction is regulated at the transcriptional level and is transient in character, due to the autocatalyzed shutoff of transcription and the rapid turnover of c-fos mRNA. In an experiment analyzing the kinetics of c-fos mRNA expression in murine fibroblasts irradiated with UVC, we found that, in addition to the initial transient induction, c-fos mRNA accumulated in a second wave starting at 4 to 5 h after irradiation, reaching a maximum at 8 h, and persisting for several more hours. It was accompanied by an increase in Fos protein synthesis. The second peak of c-fos RNA was caused by an UV dose-dependent increase in mRNA half-life from about 10 to 60 min. With similar kinetics, the mRNAs of other UV target genes (i.e., the Kin17 gene, c-jun, IkappaB, and c-myc) were stabilized (e.g., Kin17 RNA from 80 min to more than 8 h). The delayed response was not due to autocrine cytokine secretion with subsequent autostimulation of the secreting cells or to UV-induced growth factor receptor activation. Cells unable to repair UVC-induced DNA damage responded to lower doses of UVC with an even greater accumulation of c-fos and Kin17 mRNAs than repair-proficient wild-type cells, suggesting that a process in which a repair protein is involved regulates mRNA stability. Although resembling the induction of p53, a DNA damage-dependent increase in p53 was not a necessary intermediate in the stabilization reaction, since cells derived from p53 knockout mice showed the same pattern of c-fos and Kin17 mRNA accumulation as wild-type cells. The data indicate that the signal flow induced by UV radiation addresses not only protein stability (p53) and transcription but also RNA stability, a hitherto-unrecognized level of UV-induced regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blattner
- Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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21
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Timchenko T, de Kouchkovsky F, Katul L, David C, Vetten HJ, Gronenborn B. A single rep protein initiates replication of multiple genome components of faba bean necrotic yellows virus, a single-stranded DNA virus of plants. J Virol 1999; 73:10173-82. [PMID: 10559333 PMCID: PMC113070 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.12.10173-10182.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) belongs to the nanoviruses, plant viruses whose genome consists of multiple circular single-stranded DNA components. Eleven distinct DNAs, 5 of which encode different replication initiator (Rep) proteins, have been identified in two FBNYV isolates. Origin-specific DNA cleavage and nucleotidyl transfer activities were shown for Rep1 and Rep2 proteins in vitro, and their essential tyrosine residues that catalyze these reactions were identified by site-directed mutagenesis. In addition, we showed that Rep1 and Rep2 proteins hydrolyze ATP, and by changing the key lysine residue in the proteins' nucleoside triphosphate binding sites, demonstrated that this ATPase activity is essential for multiplication of virus DNA in vivo. Each of the five FBNYV Rep proteins initiated replication of the DNA molecule by which it was encoded, but only Rep2 was able to initiate replication of all the six other genome components. Furthermore, of the five rep components, only the Rep2-encoding DNA was always detected in 55 FBNYV samples from eight countries. These data provide experimental evidence for a master replication protein encoded by a multicomponent single-stranded DNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Timchenko
- Institut des Sciences Végétales, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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22
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Ros I, Angulo J, Araneda S. Kin protein expression: laminar specificity during rat cerebral cortex development. Neurosci Lett 1999; 273:129-32. [PMID: 10505633 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kin is a mammalian nuclear protein involved in DNA recombination-repair and the regulation of gene expression. The present study explored the expression of the Kin nuclear protein during postnatal development of the rat cerebral cortex, using immunocytochemistry with anti-RecA antibodies. The immunostaining of the Kin protein preferentially occurs within layers IV-V and VIb of the cortex in early postnatal developing brain, whereas in the adult rat this expression is observed unequivocally in all cortical layers. 35S-isotopic in situ hybridization for Kin-17 mRNA confirmed this Kin protein expression pattern and demonstrated its transcription in cortical neurons. This gradual age-related expression during development may have functional implications in the maturation processes of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ros
- INSERM U 480, Neurobiologie des etats de sommeils et déveil, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
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23
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Biard DS, Kannouche P, Lannuzel-Drogou C, Mauffrey P, Apiou F, Angulo JF. Ectopic expression of (Mm)Kin17 protein inhibits cell proliferation of human tumor-derived cells. Exp Cell Res 1999; 250:499-509. [PMID: 10413603 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the biological role of Kin17 protein, a mammalian nuclear protein which participates in the response to UV and ionizing radiation and binds to curved DNA, EBV-derived vectors carrying (Mm)Kin17 cDNA were constructed and transfected in tumorigenic cells harboring different p53 profiles (HeLa, H1299, and HCT116) and in immortalized HEK 293 cells. (Mm)Kin17 protein expression induced a tremendous decrease in cell proliferation of the three tumorigenic cell lines 2 weeks after transfection. Transfection of HEK 293 cells with an pEBVCMV(Mm)Kin17 plasmid gave rise to numerous (Mm)Kin17-expressing cells which constantly disappeared with time, preventing the establishment of (Mm)Kin17-expressing cells. Several independent clones were isolated from HEK 293 cells carrying a pEBVMT(Mm)Kin17 vector. The two clones described here (B223.1 and B223.2) exhibited different (Mm)Kin17 protein levels and displayed a gradual decrease in their proliferative capacities. In B223.1 cells, the basal expression of (Mm)Kin17 greatly reduced plating efficiency and cell growth. B223.1 cell morphology was altered, with numerous round-shaped cells whose spreading on the culture support was hampered. We observed giant multinucleated cells or cells containing micronuclei-like structures and/or multilobed nuclei. To conclude, (Mm)Kin17 overexpression reduced the proliferation of tumorigenic cells independently of their p53 status and modified cell growth and cell morphology of established HEK 293 cells producing (Mm)Kin17 protein. It is likely that (Mm)Kin17 may interfere with DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Biard
- Laboratoire de Génétique de la Radiosensibilité, DSV-DRR, Fontenay aux Roses, 92265, France.
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24
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Mermet N, Angulo J, Repérant J, Medina M, Araneda S. Expression of Kin, a nuclear protein binding to curved DNA, in mammal and avian brains. Neurosci Lett 1998; 243:97-100. [PMID: 9535122 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kin is a nuclear protein which presents cross-immunoreactivity with the bacterial RecA protein and which efficiently binds to curved DNA. This genomic interaction could be implied in DNA repair and illegitimate recombination in eukaryotic cells. Using immunocytochemistry with anti-RecA antibodies, we report the ubiquitous presence of the Kin protein in the CNS of mice and quails. However, some brain structures such as the hippocampal area, the locus coeruleus and Purkinje cells are preferentially immunolabelled and show some homologies between the two species. In conclusion, the expression of the Kin protein is preserved in the phylogeny of the brain of higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mermet
- Département de Médecine Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude Bernard, INSERM U52, CNRS ERS 5645, Lyon, France.
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25
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Kannouche P, Pinon-Lataillade G, Mauffrey P, Faucher C, Biard DS, Angulo JF. Overexpression of kin17 protein forms intranuclear foci in mammalian cells. Biochimie 1997; 79:599-606. [PMID: 9466698 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(97)82009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We used antibodies against E coli RecA protein to identify in mouse cells a 45-kDa DNA-binding protein called kin17, which has an active zinc finger and a nuclear localisation signal. Kin17 protein produced in E coli binds preferentially to the curved DNA of a bacterial promoter in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a transcriptional regulation activity. The fact that in rodent cells kin17 protein levels increase after gamma-irradiation suggests its participation in a cellular response to ionising radiation. We raised polyclonal antibodies against the whole kin17 protein and against its derived synthetic peptides. We report the detection of kin17 protein and of truncated forms of the protein by Western blot or by immunocytochemistry after transient overexpression in cultured human cells. Our results indicate that the cross-reactivity with the anti-RecA antibodies is due to an antigenic determinant located in the core of kin17 protein, between residues 129 and 228. The kin17 protein is located in the nucleus and is concentrated in small nuclear dot-like structures throughout the nucleoplasm. The RecA homologous region seems to play an essential role in the localisation of kin17 protein since the deletion of this particular region dramatically changes the form and the distribution of the intranuclear foci. We hypothesise that these dot-like structures reflect nuclear metabolism compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kannouche
- Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Centre d'Etudes de Fontenay-aux-Roses, CEA, France
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26
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Araneda S, Angulo J, Touret M, Sallanon-Moulin M, Souchier C, Jouvet M. Preferential expression of kin, a nuclear protein binding to curved DNA, in the neurons of the adult rat. Brain Res 1997; 762:103-13. [PMID: 9262164 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The KIN17 gene product has been identified by cross immunoreactivity with anti-RecA antibodies and by DNA recombination techniques, and is probably part of the DNA recombination-repair machinery. Following Western blotting and immunocytochemistry using anti-RecA antibodies, and in situ hybridization with specific KIN17 cDNA probes, we here report the detection of high levels of KIN protein and KIN17 mRNA in the CNS of adult rats. The RecA cross-reacting protein has an apparent molecular weight of 41 kDa and is located in the nucleus of brain cells. Both the KIN17 transcript and the protein were found to be widespread, but they were present in different proportions, depending on the type of brain cells. High levels of KIN protein were seen in neurons of the motor nuclei of the brainstem, the locus coeruleus, hippocampal formation, entorhinal cortex, Purkinje cells, pyramidal cells of the cortex and mitral cells. In contrast, using a combination of KIN17 mRNA in situ hybridization and GFAP immunocytochemistry (a marker of glial cells) showed that the KIN17 messenger is preferentially transcribed in neurons, the post-mitotic and long lived brain cells. We postulate that KIN17 play a role in the illegitimate recombination of DNA sequences and/or the repair of alterations of the genome in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Araneda
- Département de Médecine Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude Bernard, INSERM U52, CNRS ERS 5645, Lyon, France
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27
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Timchenko T, Bailone A, Devoret R. Btcd, a mouse protein that binds to curved DNA, can substitute in Escherichia coli for H-NS, a bacterial nucleoid protein. EMBO J 1996; 15:3986-92. [PMID: 8670903 PMCID: PMC452118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In an Escherichia coli mutant devoid of H-NS, a bacterial nucleoid protein, mouse protein Btcd was able to substitute for H-NS in two tested functions. It restored cell motility and repression of the expression of the bgl operon. Btcd1, a mutant Btcd protein deleted of its zinc finger and thus having reduced DNA binding, failed to substitute for H-NS. Mouse protein Btcd was shown to repress the bgl operon at the level of transcription initiation and to bind preferentially to a curved DNA fragment encompassing the bgl promoter. These effects of Btcd on bacterial gene transcription can be accounted for by the binding of Btcd or H-NS to a curved DNA sequence near a promoter. A few mammalian proteins have been shown to substitute for their Escherichia prototypes involved in DNA and RNA transactions. The efficiency of Btcd protein in substituting for H-NS in Escherichia suggests its possible involvement in regulating gene expression in mouse cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Timchenko
- Groupe d'Etude 'Mutagénèse et Cancérogenèse', Institut Curie, Batiment110, Centre Universitaire, F-91405 Orsay, France
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28
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Tissier A, Kannouche P, Biard DS, Timchenko T, Mazin A, Araneda S, Allemand I, Mauffrey P, Frelat G, Angulo JF. The mouse Kin-17 gene codes for a new protein involved in DNA transactions and is akin to the bacterial RecA protein. Biochimie 1995; 77:854-60. [PMID: 8824764 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(95)90003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have sought to characterize the molecular basis of the sensitivity to ionising radiation and to identify the genes involved in the cellular response of mammalian cells to such radiation. Using the Escherichia coli model, we tested the hypothesis that functional domains of RecA protein are represented in proteins of mammalian cells. We review here the results obtained in the detection of nuclear proteins of mammalian cells that are recognized by anti-RecA antibodies. We have called them kin proteins. Kin proteins likely play a role in DNA metabolism. We summarize the cloning of the mouse Kin-17 cDNA and our work on the identification and preliminary characterisation of the biochemical properties of mouse kin17 protein, a new nuclear protein able to recognize bent DNA and suspected to be involved in illegitimate recombination. We briefly describe our latest experiments on the molecular characterisation of the mouse Kin-17 gene. Finally, we discuss the properties of kin17 protein and the possible participation of kin17 protein in DNA transactions like transcription or recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tissier
- Département de Radiobiologie et de Radiopathologie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Schreiber V, de Murcia G, de Murcia JM. A eukaryotic expression vector for the study of nuclear localization signals. Gene X 1994; 150:411-2. [PMID: 7821820 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a new vector designed to produce beta-galactosidase fusion proteins which can be used to assess subcellular localization of target peptide fragments or proteins in eukaryotic cells. The vector was constructed in such a way as to produce the peptide of interest in fusion via a short linker of proline residues to the N terminus of the reporter protein. Efficiency of the transport machinery is optimized using this particular protein fusion construction. This vector has potential uses for readily testing putative nuclear localization sequences and identifying their crucial amino-acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schreiber
- Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de l'Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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30
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Isogai E, Suzuki N. Involvement of antipain-sensitive protease activity in suppression of UV-mutagenicity by human interferon-alpha. Mutat Res 1994; 325:81-5. [PMID: 7523935 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(94)90005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To study the relationship between the transient elevation of protease activity and hypomutability observed in hypermutable human RSa cells pretreated with human interferon (HuIFN)-alpha and then irradiated with far-ultraviolet light (UV), protease inhibitors capable of specifically inhibiting the activity were investigated. Of ten inhibitors tested, antipain showed the greatest inhibitory effect. Antipain also prevented the suppression of UV-mutagenicity by HuIFN-alpha in RSa and xeroderma pigmentosum-derived fibroblast cells, as shown by culturing cells in medium containing antipain immediately after UV exposure and evaluating the generation of clones resistant to ouabain- or 6-thioguanine-mediated cytotoxicity. Thus, an antipain-sensitive protease may be involved in the hypomutability induced by HuIFN-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Isogai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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31
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Mazin A, Timchenko T, Ménissier-de Murcia J, Schreiber V, Angulo JF, de Murcia G, Devoret R. Kin17, a mouse nuclear zinc finger protein that binds preferentially to curved DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:4335-41. [PMID: 7937163 PMCID: PMC331959 DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.20.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Kin17 is a 45 kDa protein encoded by the KIN17 gene located on mouse chromosome 2, band A. The kin17 amino acid sequence predicts two domains, which were shown to be functional: (i) a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) that can drive the protein to the cell nucleus, (ii) a bona fide zinc finger of the C2H2 type. The zinc finger is involved in kin17 binding to double-stranded DNA since a mutant deleted of the zinc finger, kin17 delta 1, showed reduced binding. Single-stranded DNA was bound poorly by kin17. Interestingly, we found that kin17 protein showed preferential binding to curved DNA from either pBR322 or synthetic oligonucleotides. Binding of kin17 to a non-curved DNA segment increased after we had inserted into it a short curved synthetic oligonucleotide. Kin17 delta 2, a mutant deleted of 110 amino acids at the C-terminal end, still exhibited preferential binding to curved DNA and so did kin17 delta 1, suggesting that a domain recognizing curved DNA is located in the protein core.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazin
- G.E. Mutagenèse et Cancérogenèse, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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Mazin A, Milot E, Devoret R, Chartrand P. KIN17, a mouse nuclear protein, binds to bent DNA fragments that are found at illegitimate recombination junctions in mammalian cells. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1994; 244:435-8. [PMID: 8078469 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Illegitimate recombination is the dominant mechanism of recombination in mammalian somatic cells. It is responsible for most genome rearrangements such as translocations, deletions and integrations. Little is known as yet about the mechanism of illegitimate recombination and the enzymes involved. Recently, it has been shown that intrinsically bent DNA, also known as curved DNA, is present at chromosomal sites of illegitimate recombination events. Here we report that KIN17, a new mouse nuclear protein, binds to the curved DNA fragments found at illegitimate recombination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazin
- Groupe d'Etude Mutagenèse et Cancérogenèse, Institut Curie-Biologie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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33
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Radiation-activated DNA-binding protein constitutively present in ataxia telangiectasia nuclei. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Cerutti H, Ibrahim HZ, Jagendorf AT. Treatment of pea (Pisum sativum L.) protoplasts with DNA-damaging agents induces a 39-kilodalton chloroplast protein immunologically related to Escherichia coli RecA. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1993; 102:155-63. [PMID: 8108495 PMCID: PMC158758 DOI: 10.1104/pp.102.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organisms must have efficient mechanisms of DNA repair and recombination to prevent alterations in their genetic information due to DNA damage. There is evidence for DNA repair and recombination in plastids of higher plants, although very little is known at the biochemical level. Many chloroplast proteins are of eubacterial ancestry, suggesting that the same could be true for the components of a DNA repair and recombination system. A 39-kD protein, immunologically related to Escherichia coli RecA, is present in chloroplasts of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Bandshift gel assays suggest that it binds single-stranded DNA. Its steady-state level is increased by several DNA-damaging agents. These results are consistent with it being a plastid homolog of E. coli RecA protein, presumably involved in DNA repair and recombination, and with the existence of an SOS-like response in pea leaf cells. Experiments with protein synthesis inhibitors suggest that the 39-kD chloroplast protein is encoded in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cerutti
- Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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35
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O'Connor T, Graves R, de Murcia G, Castaing B, Laval J. Fpg protein of Escherichia coli is a zinc finger protein whose cysteine residues have a structural and/or functional role. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)52978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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