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Khirbat A, Nahor O, Marina Barbier S, Levitsky A, Martín J, Frey G, Stingelin N. Understanding Organic Photovoltaic Materials Using Simple Thermal Analysis Methodologies. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:421-435. [PMID: 38424492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-070723-035427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Large strides have been made in designing an ever-increasing set of modern organic materials of high functionality and thus, often, of high complexity, including semiconducting polymers, organic ferroelectrics, light-emitting small molecules, and beyond. Here, we review how broadly applied thermal analysis methodologies, especially differential scanning calorimetry, can be utilized to provide unique information on the assembly and solid-state structure of this extensive class of materials, as well as the phase behavior of intrinsically intricate multicomponent systems. Indeed, highly relevant insights can be gained that are useful, e.g., for further materials-discovery activities and the establishment of reliable processing protocols, in particular if combined with X-ray diffraction techniques, spectroscopic tools, and scanning electron microscopy enabled by vapor-phase infiltration staining. We, hence, illustrate that insights far richer than simple melting point- and glass-transition identification can be obtained with differential scanning calorimetry, rendering it a critical methodology to understand complex matter, including functional macromolecules and blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Khirbat
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
| | - Oded Nahor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Artem Levitsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
- Investigación Aplicada a Las Tecnologías Navales e Industriales, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Gitti Frey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalie Stingelin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Han M, Zhou R, Chen G, Li Q, Li P, Sun C, Zhang Y, Song Y. Unveiling the Potential of Two-Terminal Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Mechanisms, Status, and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402143. [PMID: 38609159 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (PO-TSCs) demonstrate exceptional suitability for emerging applications such as building-integrated photovoltaics, wearable devices, and greenhouse farming. By leveraging the distinctive attributes of perovskite and organic materials, which encompass expanded solar spectrum utilization, chemically benign solubility, and soft nature, PO-TSCs position themselves as ideal candidates for high-performance semi-transparent photovoltaics (ST-PVs). Despite these advantages, their development significantly lags behind other perovskite-based counterparts, such as perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/silicon, and perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se2. To address existing challenges and unlock the full potential of PO-TSCs, an exploration of the fundamental mechanisms governing tandem photovoltaic devices is embarked. Delving into critical aspects such as charge generation/separation, energy level alignment, and material choices becomes pivotal for optimizing PO-TSC performance. The investigation of monolithic two-terminal PO-TSCs offers insights into achievements and barriers, recognizing the competitive landscape with other TSC counterparts. Further scrutiny of perovskite absorbers and organic absorbers in TSCs reveals strategies aimed at enhancing stability and efficiency. The discussion extends to interconnection layers, elucidating their role in optimizing light transmission and balancing carrier recombination. In conclusion, a compelling outlook on the dynamic landscape of PO-TSCs is presented, highlighting the remarkable efficiency progression and signaling their potential to revolutionize solar energy harvesting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ruimin Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ge Chen
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Qin Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chenkai Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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3
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Kirk BP, Bjuggren JM, Andersson GG, Dastoor P, Andersson MR. Printing and Coating Techniques for Scalable Organic Photovoltaic Fabrication. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2511. [PMID: 38893776 PMCID: PMC11173114 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Within recent years, there has been an increased interest towards organic photovoltaics (OPVs), especially with their significant device performance reaching beyond 19% since 2022. With these advances in the device performance of laboratory-scaled OPVs, there has also been more attention directed towards using printing and coating methods that are compatible with large-scale fabrication. Though large-area (>100 cm2) OPVs have reached an efficiency of 15%, this is still behind that of laboratory-scale OPVs. There also needs to be more focus on determining strategies for improving the lifetime of OPVs that are suitable for scalable manufacturing, as well as methods for reducing material and manufacturing costs. In this paper, we compare several printing and coating methods that are employed to fabricate OPVs, with the main focus towards the deposition of the active layer. This includes a comparison of performances at laboratory (<1 cm2), small (1-10 cm2), medium (10-100 cm2), and large (>100 cm2) active area fabrications, encompassing devices that use scalable printing and coating methods for only the active layer, as well as "fully printed/coated" devices. The article also compares the research focus of each of the printing and coating techniques and predicts the general direction that scalable and large-scale OPVs will head towards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P. Kirk
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Jonas M. Bjuggren
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gunther G. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Paul Dastoor
- Centre for Organic Electronics, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Liang Z, Wu H, Wang L, Wang W, Zhao B, Cong Z, Lu G, Gao C. Terpolymer Containing a meta-Octyloxy-phenyl-Modified Dithieno[3,2- f:2',3'- h]quinoxaline Unit Enabling Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14026-14037. [PMID: 38447136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of small-molecule electron acceptors, polymer electron donors are becoming more important than ever in organic photovoltaics, and there is still room for the currently available high-performance polymer donors. To further develop polymer donors with finely tunable structures to achieve better photovoltaic performances, random ternary copolymerization is a useful technique. Herein, by incorporating a new electron-withdrawing segment 2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline derivative (C12T-TQ) to PM6, a series of terpolymers were synthesized. It is worth noting that the introduction of the C12T-TQ unit can deepen the highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels of the resultant polymers. In addition, the polymer Z6 with a 10% C12T-TQ ratio possesses the highest film absorption coefficient (9.86 × 104 cm-1) among the four polymers. When blended with Y6, it exhibited superior miscibility and mutual crystallinity enhancement between Z6 and Y6, suppressed recombination, better exciton separation and charge collection characteristics, and faster hole transfer in the D-A interface. Consequently, the device of Z6:Y6 successfully achieved enhanced photovoltaic parameters and yielded an efficiency of 17.01%, higher than the 16.18% of the PM6:Y6 device, demonstrating the effectiveness of the meta-octyloxy-phenyl-modified dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline moiety to build promising terpolymer donors for high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhou
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Liuchang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University, No. 168 of South Taibai Road, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, P. R. China
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Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhang T, Ren J, Dai J, Li H, Qiao J, Hao X, Hou J. Iodinated Electron Acceptor with Significantly Extended Exciton Diffusion Length for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317892. [PMID: 38206554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Iodination has unlocked new potentials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). A newly designed and synthesized iodinated non-fullerene acceptor, BO-4I, showcases exceptional excitation delocalization property with the exciton diffusion length increased to 80 nm. The enhanced electron delocalization property is attributed to the larger atomic radius and electron orbit of the iodine atom, which facilitates the formation of intra-moiety excitations in the acceptor phase. This effectively circumvents the charge transfer state-related recombination mechanisms, leading to a substantial reduction in non-radiative energy loss (ΔEnr ). As a result, OPV cell based on PBDB-TF : BO-4I achieves an impressive efficiency of 18.9 % with a notable ΔEnr of 0.189 eV, markedly surpassing their fluorinated counterparts. This contribution highlights the pivotal role of iodination in reducing energy loss, thereby affirming its potential as a key strategy in the development of advanced next-generation OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangbo Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Huixue Li
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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Cao Z, Zheng S. The effects of side chain engineering on the morphology and charge transport of the A-DA 1D-A type of non-fullerene acceptor: a multiscale study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2666-2677. [PMID: 38175164 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The appearance of the A-DA1D-A type of non-fullerene acceptor Y6 and its derivatives significantly improves the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. However, the effects of the modulation of the side chains of Y6 on its morphology and charge transport in organic thin films are still not well understood. In this work, we have systematically studied the effects of symmetric modifications of the length of alkyl side chains and the types, such as branched or straight alkyl chains, and the introduction of heteroatoms to side chains on these properties. A multiscale study, including density functional theory and classical molecular dynamics simulations, has been used to answer this open question. We find that face-on configurations are generally dominant for the AA, A1A1, and DD stacking of molecular pairs. With respect to prototype Y6, the introduction of oxygen atoms to outer alkyl side chains could enhance AA stacking but worsen the electrical network and enlarge the reorganization energy during electron transfer, and changing outer side straight alkyl chains to branched chains ruins π-π stacking of all units significantly. Finally, we discover that shortening outer alkyl side chains appropriately or changing inner branched chains to straight chains with the same number of carbon atoms is a good strategy to improve the molecular π-π stacking and electron mobility of Y6 while changing outer straight side chains to branched chains or introducing oxygen atoms to outer straight chains is the opposite. This study provides a new insight into the relationship between morphology and electron mobility and will be helpful for the design of future high-performance non-fullerene acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Xue YJ, Lai ZY, Lu HC, Hong JC, Tsai CL, Huang CL, Huang KH, Lu CF, Lai YY, Hsu CS, Lin JM, Chang JW, Chien SY, Lee GH, Jeng US, Cheng YJ. Unraveling the Structure-Property-Performance Relationships of Fused-Ring Nonfullerene Acceptors: Toward a C-Shaped ortho-Benzodipyrrole-Based Acceptor for Highly Efficient Organic Photovoltaics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:833-848. [PMID: 38113458 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The high-performance Y6-based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) feature a C-shaped A-DA'D-A-type molecular architecture with a central electron-deficient thiadiazole (Tz) A' unit. In this work, we designed and synthesized a new A-D-A-type NFA, termed CB16, having a C-shaped ortho-benzodipyrrole-based skeleton of Y6 but with the Tz unit eliminated. When processed with nonhalogenated xylene without using any additives, the binary PM6:CB16 devices display a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.32% with a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.92 V, surpassing the performance of the corresponding Y6-based devices. In contrast, similarly synthesized SB16, featuring an S-shaped para-benzodipyrrole-based skeleton, yields a low PCE of 0.15% due to the strong side-chain aggregation of SB16. The C-shaped A-DNBND-A skeleton in CB16 and the Y6-series NFAs constitutes the essential structural foundation for achieving exceptional device performance. The central Tz moiety or other A' units can be employed to finely adjust intermolecular interactions. The single-crystal X-ray structure reveals that ortho-benzodipyrrole-embedded A-DNBND-A plays an important role in the formation of a 3D elliptical network packing for efficient charge transport. Solution structures of the PM6:NFAs detected by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SWAXS) indicate that removing the Tz unit in the C-shaped skeleton could reduce the self-packing of CB16, thereby enhancing the complexing and networking with PM6 in the spin-coating solution and the subsequent device film. Elucidating the structure-property-performance relationships of A-DA'D-A-type NFAs in this work paves the way for the future development of structurally simplified A-D-A-type NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Jing Xue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ze-Yu Lai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Han-Cheng Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Cheng Hong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fang Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering,National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Min Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Je-Wei Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ying Chien
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- College of Semiconductor Research, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Hajduk B, Jarka P, Bednarski H, Godzierz M, Tański T, Staszuk M, Nitschke P, Jarząbek B, Fijalkowski M, Mazik K. Thermal and optical properties of P3HT:PC70BM:ZnO nanoparticles composite films. Sci Rep 2024; 14:66. [PMID: 38168143 PMCID: PMC10762108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The results of studies on the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the structural, thermal and optical properties of thin films of mixtures of phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with poly[3-hexylthiophene] (P3HT) of various molecular weights are described in this article. The structural properties of the layers of: polymers, mixtures of polymers with fullerenes and their composites with ZnO-NPs were investigated using X-ray diffraction. Whereas their glass transition temperature and optical parameters have been determined by temperature-dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry. The presence of ZnO-NPs was also visible in the images of the surface of the composite layers obtained using scanning electron microscopy. These blends and composite films have also been used as the active layer in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic structures. The molecular weight of P3HT (Mw = 65.2; 54.2 and 34.1 kDa) and the addition of nanoparticles affected the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the obtained solar cells. The determined PCE was the highest for the device prepared from the blend of P3HT:PCBM with the polymer of the lowest molecular weight. However, solar cells with ZnO-NPs present in their active layer had lower efficiency, although the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of almost all devices had the same values whether they contained ZnO-NPs or not. It is worth noting that thermal studies carried out using temperature-dependent ellipsometry showed a significant effect of the presence of ZnO-NPs on the value of the glass transition temperature, which was higher for composite films than for films made of a polymer-fullerene blend alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hajduk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - P Jarka
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - H Bednarski
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Godzierz
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - T Tański
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - M Staszuk
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - P Nitschke
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - B Jarząbek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Marie Curie-Skłodowska Str., 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Fijalkowski
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - K Mazik
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego Str., 41-100, Gliwice, Poland
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9
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Yang C, Jiang M, Wang S, Zhang B, Mao P, Woo HY, Zhang F, Wang JL, An Q. Hot-Casting Strategy Empowers High-Boiling Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Over 18.5% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305356. [PMID: 37555531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Most top-rank organic solar cells (OSCs) are manufactured by the halogenated solvent chloroform, which possesses a narrow processing window due to its low-boiling point. Herein, based on two high-boiling solvents, halogenated solvent chlorobenzene (CB) and non-halogenated green solvent ortho-xylene (OX), preparing active layers with the hot solution is put forward to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In situ test and morphological characterization clarify that the hot-casting strategy assists in the fast and synchronous molecular assembly of both donor and acceptor in the active layer, contributing to preferable donor/acceptor ratio, vertical phase separation, and molecular stacking, which is beneficial to charge generation and extraction. Based on the PM6:BO-4Cl, the hot-casting OSCs with a wide processing window achieve efficiencies of 18.03% in CB and 18.12% in OX, which are much higher than the devices processed with room temperature solution. Moreover, the hot-casting devices with PM6:BTP-eC9 deliver a remarkable fill factor of 80.31% and efficiency of 18.52% in OX, representing the record value among binary devices with green solvent. This work demonstrates a facile strategy to manipulate the molecular distribution and arrangement for boosting the efficiency of OSCs with high-boiling solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chucheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Fan Q, Xiao Q, Zhang H, Heng J, Xie M, Wei Z, Jia X, Liu X, Kang Z, Li CZ, Li S, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Huang J, Li Z. Highly Efficient and Stable ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Based on Squaraine N-Doped Quaternary Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307920. [PMID: 37823840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving high efficiency and robust device stability remains a significant challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs). Solving this challenge is highly dependent on the film morphology of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive blends; however, there is a lack of rational control strategy. Herein, it is shown that the molecular crystallinity and nanomorphology of nonfullerene-based BHJ can be effectively controlled by a squaraine-based doping strategy, leading to an increase in device efficiency from 17.26% to 18.5% when doping 2 wt% squaraine into the PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9:PC71 BM ternary BHJ. The efficiency is further improved to 19.11% (certified 19.06%) using an indium-tin-oxide-free column-patterned microcavity (CPM) architecture. Combined with interfacial modification, CPM quaternary OSC excitingly shows an extrapolated lifetime of ≈23 years based on accelerated aging test, with the mechanism behind enhanced stability well studied. Furthermore, a flexible OSC module with a high and stable efficiency of 15.2% and an overall area of 5 cm2 is successfully fabricated, exhibiting a high average output power for wearable electronics. This work demonstrates that OSCs with new design of BHJ and device architecture are highly promising to be practical relevance with excellent performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jinzi Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Xie
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhangli Kang
- National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610021, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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11
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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12
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Wu X, Jiang X, Li X, Zhang J, Ding K, Zhuo H, Guo J, Li J, Meng L, Ade H, Li Y. Introducing a Phenyl End Group in the Inner Side Chains of A-DA'D-A Acceptors Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Processed with Nonhalogenated Solvent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302946. [PMID: 37515820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) processed by nonhalogenated solvents is unsatisfactory due to the unfavorable morphology. Herein, two new small molecule acceptors (SMAs) Y6-Ph and L8-Ph are synthesized by introducing a phenyl end group in the inner side chains of the SMAs of Y6 and L8-BO, respectively, for overcoming the excessive aggregation of SMAs in the long-time film forming processed by nonhalogenated solvents. First, the effect of the film forming time on the aggregation property and photovoltaic performance of Y6, L8-BO, Y6-Ph, and L8-Ph is studied by using the commonly used solvents: chloroform (CF) (rapid film forming process) and chlorobenzene (CB) (slow film forming process). It is found that Y6- and L8-BO-based OSCs exhibit a dramatic drop in PCE from CF- to CB-processed devices owing to the large phase separation, while the Y6-Ph and L8-Ph based OSCs show obviously increased PCEs Furthermore, L8-Ph-based OSCs processed by nonhalogenated solvent o-xylene (o-XY) achieved a high PCE of 18.40% with an FF of 80.11%. The results indicate that introducing a phenyl end group in the inner side chains is an effective strategy to modulate the morphology and improve the photovoltaic performance of the OSCs processed by nonhalogenated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxi Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Guo
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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13
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Xiang J, Liu ZX, Chen H, Li CZ. Robust and Sustainable Indium Anode Leading to Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303729. [PMID: 37452690 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The fast degradation of the charge-extraction interface at indium tin oxide (ITO) poses a significant obstacle to achieving long-term stability for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a sustainable approach for recycling non-sustainable indium to construct efficient and stable OSCs and scale-up modules is developed. It is revealed that the recovered indium chloride (InCl3 ) from indium oxide waste can be applied as an effective hole-selective interfacial layer for the ITO electrode (noted as InCl3 -ITO anode) through simple aqueous fabrication, facilitating not only energy level alignment to photoactive blends but also mitigating parasitic absorption and charge recombination losses of the corresponding OSCs. As a result, OSCs and modules consisting of InCl3 -ITO anodes achieve remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.92% and 15.20% (active area of 18.73 cm2 ), respectively. More importantly, the InCl3 -ITO anode can significantly extend the thermal stability of derived OSCs, with an extrapolated T80 lifetime of ≈10 000 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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14
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Yang S, Park J, Jeong S, Cho Y, Jeong M, Oh J, Lee S, Park J, Yoon SJ, Yang C. Conformational Locking Control of 2D Outer Side Chains via Fluorine Atom Positioning for Improving the Thermal Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39636-39646. [PMID: 37579241 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Alongside high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), device stability, especially thermal issues, is another key factor for the successful commercialization of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)-based organic solar cells (OSCs). Considering the significant effects of the side-chain engineering of NFAs on molecular packing and/or locking strongly associated with the thermal stability of OSCs, herein, we present two new isomeric NFAs with 4-fluoro- and 2-fluoro-substituted hexylphenyl two-dimensional (2D) outer side chains (4FY and 2FY, respectively). In contrast with the 2FY having a horizontal stretching conformation, 4FY exhibits a diagonal stretching conformation of the 2D outer side chains and a higher dipole moment, resulting in a huge difference in their crystalline/aggregation characteristics, i.e., 4FY possesses a higher crystallinity with a denser molecular packing than the 2FY neat film, as evidenced by thermal and morphological characterizations. Encouragingly, relative to the one based on 2FY, the OSC based on 4FY delivers a PCE as high as 16.4%, together with excellent thermal stability (88.4% PCE retention under 85 °C for 360 h), which is attributed to a more optimal and robust blend morphology induced by its better compatibility into the used donor component and stronger crystallinity. This work demonstrates that in addition to the improved photovoltaic property, the appropriate F-positioning on the 2D outer side chains can play a key role in controlling their conformations, which can promote the increase of the thermal stability of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjin Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mingyu Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- KEPCO Research Institute, Korea Electric Power Corporation, 105, Munji-ro, Yuseonggu, Daejeon 34056, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Yoon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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15
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Im C, Kang SW, Choi JY, An J, Mičová J, Remeš Z. Spatial Balance of Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Active Layers of Polymer Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5823. [PMID: 37570793 PMCID: PMC10421118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) blended with non-fullerene-type acceptors (NFAs) possess good solar power conversion efficiency and compatibility with flexible electronics, rendering them good candidates for mobile photovoltaic applications. However, their internal absorption performance and mechanism are yet to be fully elucidated because of their complicated interference effect caused by their multilayer device structure. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is ideal for analyzing complex optical electric fields by considering multilayer interference effects. In this study, an active layer (AL) thickness-dependent TMM is used to obtain accurate information on the photon-capturing mechanisms of NFA-based PSCs for comparison with experimental results. Devices with AL thicknesses of 40-350 nm were prepared, and the AL-thickness-dependent device parameters with incident photon-to-current efficiency spectra were compared with the calculated internal absorption spectra of the TMM. The spectrally and spatially resolved spectra as a function of the AL thickness and excitation wavelength revealed that the power conversion efficiency of the NFA-blended PSC decreased with the increasing AL thickness after reaching a maximum of ~100 nm; by contrast, the internal absorption efficiency showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, the TMM spectra indicated that the spatial distribution of the photogenerated charge carriers became significantly imbalanced as the AL thickness increased, implying that the AL-dependent loss stemmed from the discrepancy between the absorption and the extracted charge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Im
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Sang Woong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Jeong Yoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Jongdeok An
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.W.K.); (J.Y.C.); (J.A.)
| | - Júlia Mičová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Zdeněk Remeš
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
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16
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Yang Q, Chen H, Lv J, Huang P, Han D, Deng W, Sun K, Kumar M, Chung S, Cho K, Hu D, Dong H, Shao L, Zhao F, Xiao Z, Kan Z, Lu S. Balancing the Efficiency and Synthetic Accessibility of Organic Solar Cells with Isomeric Acceptor Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207678. [PMID: 37171812 PMCID: PMC10369256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of organic semiconductor materials and on-going improvement of device technology, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have surpassed the threshold of 19%. Now, the low production cost of organic photovoltaic materials and devices have become an imperative demand for its practical application and future commercialization. Herein, the feasibility of simplified synthesis for cost-effective small-molecule acceptors via end-cap isomeric engineering is demonstrated, and two constitutional isomers, BTP-m-4Cl and BTP-o-4Cl, are synthesized and compared in parallel. These two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have very similar optoelectronic properties but nonuniform morphological and crystallographic characteristics. Consequently, the OSCs composed of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl realize PCE of 17.2%, higher than that of the OSCs with PM6:BTP-o-4Cl (≈16%). When ternary OSCs are fabricated with PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl, the averaged PCE value reaches 17.95%, presenting outstanding photovoltaic performance. Most excitingly, the figure of merit (FOM) values of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl, PM6:BTP-o-4Cl, and PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl based devices are 0.190, 0.178, and 0.202 respectively. The FOM values of these systems are all among the top ones of the current high-efficiency OSC systems, revealing high cost-effectiveness of the two NFAs. This work provides a general but accessible strategy to minimize the efficiency-cost gap and promises the economic prospects of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianguang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Deman Han
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Beijing, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, North Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Li Shao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
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17
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Hong M, Youn J, Ryu KY, Shafian S, Kim K. Improving the Stability of Non-fullerene-Based Organic Photovoltaics through Sequential Deposition and Utilization of a Quasi-orthogonal Solvent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20151-20158. [PMID: 37062884 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has led to a rapid improvement in their efficiency. Despite these improvements, significant performance degradation in the early stages of operation, known as burn-in, remains a challenge for NFA-based OPVs. To address this challenge, this study demonstrates a stable NFA-based OPV fabricated using sequential deposition (SqD) and a quasi-orthogonal solvent. The quasi-orthogonal solvent, which is prepared by incorporating 1-chloronaphthalene (1-CN) into dichloromethane (DCM), reduces the vapor pressure of the solvent and allows for the efficient dissolution and penetration of the Y6 (one of efficient NFAs) into a PM6 polymer-donor layer without damaging the latter. The resulting bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is characterized by a higher degree of crystallinity in the PM6 domains than that prepared using a conventional single-step deposition (SD) process. The OPV fabricated using the SqD process exhibits a PCE of 14.1% and demonstrates superior thermal stability to the SD-processed OPV. This study conclusively reveals that the formation of a thermally stable interface between the photoactive layer and the electron-transport layer (ETL) is the primary factor contributing to the high thermal stability observed in the SqD-processed OPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyae Youn
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Yeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology (RIGET), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafidah Shafian
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kyungkon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li Z, Yao H, Wang W, Song CE, Ryu DH, Xiao Y, Wang J, Ma L, Zhang T, Ren J, An C, Shin WS, Hou J. Large Steric Hindrance Enhanced Molecular Planarity for Low-Cost Non-Fused Electron Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16801-16808. [PMID: 36971203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient non-fused ring electron acceptors is of great importance in decreasing the material cost of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). It is a challenge to construct a planar molecular skeleton in non-fused molecules as there are many torsions between adjacent units. Here, we design two non-fused electron acceptors based on bithieno[3,2-b]thiophene units as core structures and study the impact of steric hindrance of substituents on molecular planarity. We use 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl and 4-hexylphenyl groups to prepare ATTP-1 and ATTP-2, respectively. Our results suggest that the enhanced steric hindrance is beneficial for obtaining a more planar molecular configuration, which significantly increases the optical absorption and charge transport properties. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PBDB-TF:ATTP-1 combination (11.3%) is superior to that of PBDB-TF:ATTP-2 combination (3.7%). In addition, an impressive PCE of 10.7% is recorded in ATTP-1-based devices when a low-cost polythiophene donor PDCBT is used, which is an outstanding value in OPVs fabricated by non-fused donor/acceptor combinations. Our work demonstrates that modulation of the steric hindrance effect is of great significance to control the molecular planarity and thus obtain excellent photovoltaic performance of low-cost non-fused electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Li
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Xiao
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jianhui Hou
- University State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Stable Radical TEMPO Terminated Perylene Bisimide(PBI) Based Small Molecule as Cathode Interlayer for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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20
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Shi S, Zhang S, Xue Z, Yao X, Zhang G, Gao J, Li Y, Tu X, Zhang S, Zhang C, Liu Z, Tang Z, Zhong H, Li W, Fei Z. Near-Infrared Acceptors with Imide-Containing End Groups for Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12119-12126. [PMID: 36821101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared electron acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs) mostly contain electron-withdrawing 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (IC) end groups, which can be modified by but limited to phenyl, thienyl, and naphthyl units with halogenated, methyl, and methyloxy substitution. In this work, we employed an imide-containing unit to construct a new IC end group, based on which a series of new electron acceptors were synthesized. The strong electron-deficient nature of imide units enables the new acceptors to show efficient intramolecular charge transfer and hence red-shifted absorption spectra compared to their IC counterparts. These new electron acceptors were applied to OSCs, providing efficiencies of over 17% with a low voltage loss of 0.52 eV. These results demonstrate that the new imide-containing end groups are promising fragments for the construction of near-infrared electron acceptors for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiling Shi
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Gao
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Tu
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Institute of Molecular Plus and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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21
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Wang T, Chen ZH, Qiao JW, Qin W, Liu JQ, Wang XZ, Pu YJ, Yin H, Hao XT. Correlating Charge Transfer Dynamics with Interfacial Trap States in High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12109-12118. [PMID: 36813758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The charge transfer between the donor and acceptor determines the photogenerated carrier density in organic solar cells. However, a fundamental understanding regarding the charge transfer at donor/acceptor interfaces with high-density traps has not been fully addressed. Herein, a general correlation between trap densities and charge transfer dynamics is established by adopting a series of high-efficiency organic photovoltaic blends. It is found that the electron transfer rates are reduced with increased trap densities, while the hole transfer rates are independent of trap states. The local charges captured by traps can induce potential barrier formation around recombination centers, leading to the suppression of electron transfer. For the hole transfer process, the thermal energy provides a sufficient driving force, which ensures an efficient transfer rate. As a result, a 17.18% efficiency is obtained for PM6:BTP-eC9-based devices with the lowest interfacial trap densities. This work highlights the importance of interfacial traps in charge transfer processes and proposes an underlying insight into the charge transfer mechanism at nonideal interfaces in organic heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Wei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xing-Zhu Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Jin Pu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Deogratias G, Al-Qurashi OS, Wazzan N. Optical and electronic properties enhancement via chalcogenides: promising materials for DSSC applications. J Mol Model 2023; 29:86. [PMID: 36872384 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Comparatively, metal-free sensitizers featuring the chalcogen family receive less attention despite known electronic properties for metal-chalcogenide materials. This work reports an array of optoelectronic properties using quantum chemical methods. Observed red-shifted bands within the UV/Vis to NIR regions with absorption maxima > 500 nm were consistent with increasing chalcogenide size. There is a monotonic down-shift in the LUMO and ESOP energy consistent with O 2p, S 3p, Se 4p, to Te 5p atomic orbital energies. Excited-state lifetime and charge injection free energies follow the decreasing order of chalcogenide electronegativity. Adsorption energies of dyes on TiO2 anatase (101) range between - 0.08 and - 0.77 eV. Based on evaluated properties, selenium- and tellurium-based materials show potential use in DSSCs and futuristic device applications. Therefore, this work motivates continued investigation of the chalcogenide sensitizers and their application. METHODS The geometry optimization was performed at B3LYP/6-31 + G(d,p) and B3LYP/LANL2DZ level of theory for lighter and heavier atoms, respectively, using Gaussian 09. The equilibrium geometries were confirmed by the absence of imaginary frequencies. Electronic spectra were obtained at CAM-B3LYP/6-31G + (d,p)/LANL2DZ level of theory. Adsorption energies for dyes on a 4 × 5 supercell TiO2 anatase (101) were obtained using VASP. The dye-TiO2 optimizations were employed using GGA and PBE with the PAW pseudo-potentials. The energy cutoff was set at 400 eV and convergence threshold for self-consistent iteration was set to 10-4, and van der Waals were accounted using DFT-D3 model and on-site Coulomb repulsion potential set at 8.5 eV for Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geradius Deogratias
- Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ohoud S Al-Qurashi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Wazzan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Meng F, Qin Y, Zheng Y, Zhao Z, Sun Y, Yang Y, Gao K, Zhao D. Structural Fusion Yields Guest Acceptors that Enable Ternary Organic Solar Cells with 18.77 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217173. [PMID: 36692893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The design and selection of a suitable guest acceptor are particularly important for improving the photovoltaic performance of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we designed and successfully synthesized two asymmetric silicon-oxygen bridged guest acceptors, which featured distinct blue-shifted absorption, upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, and larger dipole moments than symmetric silicon-oxygen-bridged acceptor. Ternary devices with the incorporation of 14.2 wt % these two asymmetric guest acceptors exhibited excellent performance with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.22 % and 18.77 %, respectively. Our success in precise control of material properties via structural fusion of five-membered carbon linkages and six-membered silicon-oxygen connection at the central electron-donating core unit of fused-ring electron acceptors can attract considerable attention and bring new vigor and vitality for developing new materials toward more efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Qin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanna Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
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24
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Frizon TEA, Salla CAM, Grillo F, Rodembusch FS, Câmara VS, Silva HC, Zapp E, Junca E, Galetto FZ, de Costa AM, Pedroso GJ, Chepluki AA, Saba S, Rafique J. ESIPT-based benzazole-pyromellitic diimide derivatives. A thermal, electrochemical, and photochemical investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122050. [PMID: 36495682 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of new pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) derivatives obtained in good yields from the reaction between pyromellitic dianhydride and aminobenzazoles reactive to proton-transfer in the excited state (ESIPT). In this investigation, a non-ESIPT PMDI was also prepared for comparison. These compounds presented absorption maxima in the ultraviolet region attributed to the allowed 1π-π* electronic transitions. Redshifted absorptions were observed for the ESIPT compounds (3b-3c) due to their π-extended conjugation if compared to the non-ESIPT dye (3a). The compounds presented fluorescence emissions between 300 and 600 nm, dependent on the solvent polarity and their chemical structures. While compound 3a presents a single emission, a dual fluorescence could be observed for compounds 3b-3c. As expected for ESIPT compounds, the emission at higher energies could be related to the excited enol conformer (E*), and the emission with a large Stokes shift was attributed to the keto tautomer (K*). All compounds presented fluorescence emission in the solid state, whereas the ESIPT derivatives presented redshifted emissions with a large Stokes shift, as expected. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to investigate the electrochemical properties of these compounds. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated at -5.40 to -5.00 eV and -2.84 to -2.62 eV, and good thermal stability (Td > 150 °C) was observed. Quantum chemical calculationsusingTD-DFT and DFT were performed to investigate the electronic and photophysical features of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago E A Frizon
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil.
| | - Cristian A M Salla
- Physics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Grillo
- Department of Materials and Metallurgy, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Fabiano S Rodembusch
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Viktor S Câmara
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique C Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Zapp
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Junca
- University of the Extreme South of Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fábio Z Galetto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Angélica M de Costa
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela J Pedroso
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio A Chepluki
- Department of Energy and Sustainability, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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25
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Liao YJ, Hsieh YC, Chen JT, Yang LS, Jian XZ, Lin SH, Lin YR, Chen LM, Li F, Hsiao YT, Liao CY, Chang YM, Huang YY, Tsao CS, Horng SF, Chao YC, Meng HF. Large-Area Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Modules with a High Certified Power Conversion Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7911-7918. [PMID: 36719898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Achieving large-area organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules with reasonable cost and performance is an important step toward commercialization. In this work, solution-processed conventional and inverted OPV modules with an area of 216 cm2 were fabricated by the blade coating method. Film uniformity was controlled by adjusting the fabrication parameters of the blade coating procedure. The influence of the concentration of the solutions of the interfacial materials on OPV module performance was investigated. For OPV modules based on the PM6:Y6 photoactive layer, a certificated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.10% was achieved for the conventional OPV modules based on the TASiW-12 interfacial layer while a certificated PCE of 11.27% was achieved for the inverted OPV modules based on the polyethylenimine (PEI) interfacial layer. As for OPV modules based on a commercially available photoactive layer, PV-X Plus, a PCE of 8.52% was achieved in the inverted OPV modules. A halogen-free solvent, o-xylene, was used as the solvent for PV-X Plus, which makes the industrial production much more environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jia Liao
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Hsieh
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tso Chen
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Sheng Yang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Zhe Jian
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Fenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yu-Tang Hsiao
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yi Liao
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chang
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Huang
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung City 413008, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Si Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Horng
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Chao
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fei Meng
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Camaioni N, Carbonera C, Ciammaruchi L, Corso G, Mwaura J, Po R, Tinti F. Polymer Solar Cells with Active Layer Thickness Compatible with Scalable Fabrication Processes: A Meta-Analysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210146. [PMID: 36609981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPV) has been considered for a long time a promising emerging solar technology. Currently, however, market shares of OPV are practically non-existent. A detailed meta-analysis of the literature published until mid-2021 is presented, focusing on one of the remaining issues that need to be addressed to translate the recent remarkable progress, obtained in devices' performance at lab-scale level, into the requirements able to boost the manufacturing-scale production. Namely, the active layer's thickness is referred to, which, together with device efficiency and stability, represents one of the biggest challenges of this technological research field. Papers describing solar cells containing non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) binary and ternary blends, as well as NFA plus fullerene acceptor (FA) ternary blends are reviewed. The common ground of all analyzed devices is their high-thickness active layers, compatible with large-area deposition techniques. By defining a new figure of merit to discuss the OPV thickness (thickness tolerance, TT), it is found that this parameter is not affected by the chemical family's nature of the active blend components. On the other hand, the analysis suggests that there are promising strategies to improve the TT, which are discussed in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Camaioni
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Chiara Carbonera
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Laura Ciammaruchi
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Gianni Corso
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Jeremiah Mwaura
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Riccardo Po
- New Energies, Renewable Energies and Material Science Research Center, Eni S.p.A., Via G. Fauser 4, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Francesca Tinti
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
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Zheng R, Zhang C, Zhang A, Xue J, Xu X, Liu Y, Su CJ, Ma W, Yang C, Bo Z. Effect of Steric Hindrance at the Anthracene Core on the Photovoltaic Performance of Simple Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4275-4283. [PMID: 36645327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solving the contradiction between good solubility and dense packing is a challenge in designing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors. Herein, two simple nonfused ring electron acceptors (o-AT-2Cl and m-AT-2Cl) carrying ortho- or meta-substituted hexyloxy side chains can be facilely synthesized in only three steps. The two ortho-substituted phenyl side chains in o-AT-2Cl cannot freely rotate due to a big steric hindrance, which endows the acceptor with good solubility. Moreover, o-AT-2Cl displays a more ordered packing than m-AT-2Cl as revealed by the absorption measurement. When blended with polymer donor D18 for the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs), o-AT-2Cl-based devices exhibit a favorable morphology, more efficient exciton dissociation, and better charge transport. Consequently, the optimal OSCs based on D18:o-AT-2Cl exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.8%, which is significantly higher than the moderate PCE (7.66%) for D18:m-AT-2Cl-based devices. Remarkably, o-AT-2Cl shows a higher figure-of-merit value compared with classic high-efficiency fused ring electron acceptors. As a result, our research succeeds in obtaining nonfused ring acceptors with cost-effective photovoltaic performance and provides a valuable experience for simultaneously improving solubility as well as ensuring ordered packing of acceptors through regulating the steric hindrance via changing the position of substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Cai'e Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Chun-Jen Su
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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Al-Azzawi AGS, Aziz SB, Dannoun EMA, Iraqi A, Nofal MM, Murad AR, M. Hussein A. A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010164. [PMID: 36616512 PMCID: PMC9853510 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels and energy band gap (EBG) to achieve the desired photovoltaic performance. The formation of bonds and the delocalization of electrons over conjugated chains are both explained by the molecular orbital theory (MOT). The intrinsic characteristics that classify conjugated polymers as semiconducting materials come from the EBG of organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A ↔ D+ = A-) forms across the major backbones of the polymer as a result of alternating donor-acceptor segments contributing to the pull-push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in a smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one of the most crucial factors in achieving excellent performance of the polymer is improving the morphology of the active layer. In order to improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, and charge transport, the nanoscale morphology ensures nanometer phase separation between donor and acceptor components in the active layer. It was demonstrated that because of the exciton's short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10-20 nm) are needed for all photo-generated excitons to reach the interfacial region where they can separate into free charge carriers. There is a comprehensive explanation of the architecture of organic solar cells using single layer, bilayer, and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. The short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) all have a significant impact on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Since the BHJ concept was first proposed, significant advancement and quick configuration development of these devices have been accomplished. Due to their ability to combine great optical and electronic properties with strong thermal and chemical stability, conjugated polymers are unique semiconducting materials that are used in a wide range of applications. According to the fundamental operating theories of OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such as silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices are unable to produce free carrier charges (holes and electrons). To overcome the Coulombic attraction and separate the excitons into free charges in the interfacial region, organic semiconductors require an additional thermodynamic driving force. From the molecular engineering of conjugated polymers, it was discovered that the most crucial obstacles to achieving the most desirable properties are the design and synthesis of conjugated polymers toward optimal p-type materials. Along with plastic solar cells (PSCs), these materials have extended to a number of different applications such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, the topics of fluorene and carbazole as donor units in conjugated polymers are covered. The Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions widely used to synthesize alternating D-A copolymers are also presented. Moreover, conjugated polymers based on anthracene that can be used in solar cells are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. S. Al-Azzawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul 00964, Iraq
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- The Development Center for Research and Training (DCRT), University of Human Development, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Elham M. A. Dannoun
- Associate Chair of the Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
- Correspondence: (S.B.A.); (A.I.)
| | - Muaffaq M. Nofal
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq
| | - Ahang M. Hussein
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Refining acceptor aggregation in nonfullerene organic solar cells to achieve high efficiency and superior thermal stability. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Khir H, Pandey A, Saidur R, Shakeel Ahmad M, Abd Rahim N, Dewika M, Samykano M. Recent advancements and challenges in flexible low temperature dye sensitised solar cells. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS 2022; 53:102745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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31
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Yao H, Hou J. Recent Advances in Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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32
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Li S, Zhan L, Li Y, He C, Zuo L, Shi M, Chen H. Achieving and Understanding of Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Photovoltaics: From Morphology and Energy Loss to Working Mechanism. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200828. [PMID: 35931458 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ternary strategy, adding an additional donor (D) or acceptor (A) into conventional binary D:A blend, has shown great potential in improving photovoltaic performances of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for practical applications. Herein, this review is presented on how efficient ternary OPVs are realized from the aspects of morphology, energy loss, and working mechanism. As to morphology, the role of third component on the formation of preferred alloy-like-phase and vertical-phase, which are driven by the miscibility tuning, is discussed. For energy loss, the effect of the third component on the luminescence enhancement and energetic disordering suppression, which lead to favorable increase of voltage, is presented. Regarding working mechanism, dilution effect and relationships between two acceptors or donor/acceptor, which explain the observed device parameters variations, are analyzed. Finally, some future directions concerning ternary OPVs are pointed out. Therefore, this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of working principles and effective routes for high-efficiency ternary systems, advancing the commercialization of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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33
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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Solar Energy Materials-Evolution and Niche Applications: A Literature Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155338. [PMID: 35955273 PMCID: PMC9369979 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The demand for energy has been a global concern over the years due to the ever increasing population which still generate electricity from non-renewable energy sources. Presently, energy produced worldwide is mostly from fossil fuels, which are non-renewable sources and release harmful by-products that are greenhouses gases. The sun is considered a source of clean, renewable energy, and the most abundant. With silicon being the element most used for the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, solar cells are the technology corresponding to the solution of the problem of energy on our planet. Solar cell fabrication has undergone extensive study over the past several decades and improvement from one generation to another. The first solar cells were studied and grown on silicon wafers, in particular single crystals that formed silicon-based solar cells. With the further development in thin films, dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells have significantly enhanced the efficiency of the cell. The manufacturing cost and efficiency hindered further development of the cell, although consumers still have confidence in the crystalline silicon material, which enjoys a fair share in the market for photovoltaics. This present review work provides niche and prominent features including the benefits and prospects of the first (mono-poly-crystalline silicon), second (amorphous silicon and thin films), and third generation (quantum dots, dye synthesized, polymer, and perovskite) of materials evolution in photovoltaics.
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Yao H, Hou J. Recent Advances in Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yao
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry 100190 CHINA
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing CHINA
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Lee S, Park G, Jeong M, Lee B, Jeong S, Park J, Cho Y, Noh SM, Yang C. γ-Ester-Functionalized 1,1-Dicyanomethylene-3-indanone End-Capped Nonfullerene Acceptors for High-Performance, Annealing-Free Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33614-33625. [PMID: 35849798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the end-capping groups in nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) is an effective strategy for modulating their properties and that of the entire NFAs. This study reports the synthesis of a novel γ-ester-functionalized IC end-capping group (IC-γe) and its incorporation into the benzothiadiazole-fused central core, yielding isomer-free IC-γe end-capped NFAs, such as Y-IC-γe, Y-FIC-γe, and Y-ClIC-γe. The resultant NFAs exhibited similar absorption profiles but upshifted the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level compared with those of the ester-free analogues, such as Y6 and Y7. Without thermal annealing, an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4% is realized in the annealing-free OSC based on Y-FIC-γe with the PM6 donor polymer, which outperforms the OSCs based on Y-IC-γe and Y-ClIC-γe. In addition, the OSCs based on asymmetric Y-FIC-γe and Y-ClIC-γe have higher thermal stability with more than 83% PCE retention at an elevated temperature after 456 h than the symmetric Y-IC-γe case. In this study, we not only establish the structure-property relationship regarding the ester functionality and symmetricity tuning on the NFAs but also diagnose the reasons for the best-performing Y-FIC-γe-based OSCs, providing useful information for a novel high-performing NFA design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunglok Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Geunhyung Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Mingyu Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Byongkyu Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jeewon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Seung Man Noh
- Research Center for Green Fine Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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Patra D, Park S. Solution Processable Benzotrithiophene (BTT)‐Based Organic Semiconductors: Recent Advances and Review. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200473. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Patra
- Department of Polymer‐Nano Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
| | - Sungjune Park
- Department of Polymer‐Nano Science and Technology Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Korea
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38
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Fan JY, Liu ZX, Rao J, Yan K, Chen Z, Ran Y, Yan B, Yao J, Lu G, Zhu H, Li CZ, Chen H. High-Performance Organic Solar Modules via Bilayer-Merged-Annealing Assisted Blade Coating. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110569. [PMID: 35525536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although encouraging progress is being made on spin-coated prototype cells, organic solar cells (OSCs) still face significant challenges, yet to be explored, for upscaling the multi-stacked photoactive layers in the construction of large-area modules. Herein, high-performance opaque and semitransparent organic solar modules are developed via a bilayer-merged-annealing (BMA)-assisted blade-coating strategy, achieving impressive efficiencies of 14.79% and 12.01% with respect to active area of 18.73 cm2 , which represent the best organic solar minimodules so far. It is revealed that the BMA strategy effectively resolves the de-wetting issues between polar charge transport layer solution and non-polar bulk heterojunction blends, hence improving the film coverage, along with electronic and electric contacts of multi-stacked photoactive layers. As result, organic solar modules coated under ambient conditions successfully retain the high-efficiency of small-area cells upon 312 times area scaling-up. Overall, this work provides a facile and effective method to fabricate high-performance organic solar modules under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jack Rao
- Hangzhou Microquanta Semiconductor Co. LTD., Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Chen
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Ran
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Buyi Yan
- Hangzhou Microquanta Semiconductor Co. LTD., Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yao
- Hangzhou Microquanta Semiconductor Co. LTD., Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Wang W, Miao X, Cai G, Ding L, Li Y, Li T, Zhu Y, Tao L, Jia Y, Liang Y, Lu X, Fang Y, Yi Y, Lin Y. Enhancing Transition Dipole Moments of Heterocyclic Semiconductors via Rational Nitrogen-Substitution for Sensitive Near Infrared Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201600. [PMID: 35545992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Designing ultrastrong near-infrared (NIR) absorbing organic semiconductors is a critical prerequisite for sensitive NIR thin film organic photodetectors (OPDs), especially in the region of beyond 900 nm, where the absorption coefficient of commercial single crystalline silicon (c-Si) is below 103 cm-1 . Herein, a pyrrolo[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrrole heterocyclic core (named as BPPT) with strong electron-donating property and stretched geometry is developed. Relative to their analogue Y6, BPPT-contained molecules, BPPT-4F and BPPT-4Cl, show substantially upshifted and more delocalized highest occupied molecular orbitals, and larger transition dipole moments, leading to bathochromic and hyperchromic absorption spectra extending beyond 1000 nm with very large absorption coefficients (up to 3.7-4.3 × 105 cm-1 ) as thin films. These values are much higher than those (104 to 1 × 105 cm-1 ) of typical organic semiconductors, and 1-2 orders higher than those of commercial inorganic materials, such as c-Si, Ge, and InGaAs. The OPDs based on BPPT-4F or BPPT-4Cl blending polymer PBDB-T show high detectivity of above 1012 Jones in a wide wavelength range of 310-1010 nm with excellent peak values of 1.3-2.2 × 1013 Jones, respectively, which are comparable with and even better than those commercial inorganic photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaodan Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Li Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liting Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yixiao Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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40
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Bernard RS, Andruleviciene V, Belousov GK, Vaitusionak AA, Tsiko U, Volyniuk D, Kostjuk SV, Kublickas RH, Grazulevicius JV. Methoxy-substituted carbazole-based polymers obtained by RAFT polymerization for solution-processable organic light-emitting devices. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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41
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Koenig JDB, Farahat ME, Welch GC. Development of Tetrameric N-Annulated Perylene Diimides Using "Click" Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200492. [PMID: 35358363 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel N-annulated perylene diimide (NPDI) tetramer arrays that were developed using copper catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. Despite the optoelectronic properties of both tetramers being nearly identical, the two tetramers exhibited very different molecular geometries. The twisted spirobifluorene NPDI tetramer (sbfNPDI4 ) was found to have an extended and flexible geometry, while the planar pyrene NPDI tetramer (pyrNPDI4 ) exhibited a highly congested and conformationally locked geometry. Organic photovoltaic devices were constructed to demonstrate the use of both new compounds as electron acceptor materials, where slightly higher power conversion efficiencies were achieved with pyrNPDI4 than sbfNPDI4 . This study highlights the viability of using "click" chemistry as a facile synthetic strategy towards the development of new multicomponent perylene diimide materials for organic electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D B Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mahmoud E Farahat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gregory C Welch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Liu Y, Liu B, Ma CQ, Huang F, Feng G, Chen H, Hou J, Yan L, Wei Q, Luo Q, Bao Q, Ma W, Liu W, Li W, Wan X, Hu X, Han Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Li Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Hu Z, Zhang ZG, Bo Z. Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part II device engineering). Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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43
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Busireddy MR, Chen TW, Huang SC, Nie H, Su YJ, Chuang CT, Kuo PJ, Chen JT, Hsu CS. Fine Tuning Alkyl Substituents on Dithienoquinoxaline-Based Wide-Bandgap Polymer Donors for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22353-22362. [PMID: 35511580 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular design of wide-bandgap conjugated polymer donors (WB-CPDs) is a promising strategy for tuning the bulk heterojunction blend film morphologies to achieve high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Herein, we synthesize two WB-CPDs, namely, PBQ-H and PBQ-M, with and without methyl groups on the fused-dithieno[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline (DTQx) moiety. We systematically investigate their structure-property relationship and OPV performances. The AFM and 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) studies reveal that the PBQ-H:BO-4Cl BHJ blend shows strengthened aggregation behavior and stronger π-π stacking on face-on orientation compared with the PBQ-M:BO-4Cl BHJ blend, enhancing the phase separation, charge transport, and fill factor (FF). Blend film absorption spectra, however, show that the PBQ-H:BO-4Cl BHJ blend exhibits a lower absorption coefficient than that of the PBQ-M:BO-4Cl BHJ blend, which decreases the short-circuit current density (JSC). As a consequence, the optimized PBQ-H:BO-4Cl BHJ blend delivers a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.88% with a JSC of 23.97 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.86 V, and an FF of 62.46%, compared with the PBQ-M:BO-4Cl BHJ blend (PCE of 11.81% with a JSC of 24.78 mA/cm2, a VOC of 0.85 V, and an FF of 56.11%). Overall, this work demonstrates that alkyl group substitution on the DTQx moiety on the basis of WB-CPDs is critical for controlling the film morphology and thus obtaining high OPV performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Reddy Busireddy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Ci Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hebing Nie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jia Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Kuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chain-Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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44
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Asymmetric electron acceptor enables highly luminescent organic solar cells with certified efficiency over 18. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2598. [PMID: 35545620 PMCID: PMC9095617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30225-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the luminescence property without sacrificing the charge collection is one key to high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs), while limited by the severe non-radiative charge recombination. Here, we demonstrate efficient OSCs with high luminescence via the design and synthesis of an asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor, BO-5Cl. Blending BO-5Cl with the PM6 donor leads to a record-high electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 0.1%, which results in a low non-radiative voltage loss of 0.178 eV and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 15%. Importantly, incorporating BO-5Cl as the third component into a widely-studied donor:acceptor (D:A) blend, PM6:BO-4Cl, allows device displaying a high certified PCE of 18.2%. Our joint experimental and theoretical studies unveil that more diverse D:A interfacial conformations formed by asymmetric acceptor induce optimized blend interfacial energetics, which contributes to the improved device performance via balancing charge generation and recombination. High-performance organic solar cells call for novel designs of acceptor molecules. Here, He et al. design and synthesize a non-fullerene acceptor with an asymmetric structure for diverse donor:acceptor interfacial conformations and report a certificated power conversion efficiency of 18.2%.
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45
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Engineering of A2-D-A1-D-A2 type BT-dIDT based non-fullerene acceptors for effective organic solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Khokhlov AR, Ostapov IE, Alekseev VG, Xie Z, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. Synthesis of D‐A copolymers based on thiadiazole and thiazolothiazole acceptor units and their applications in ternary polymer solar cells. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L. Keshtov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Igor O. Konstantinov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E. Ostapov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
| | | | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering The LNM Institute of Information Technology Jaipur India
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47
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Han Y, Hu Z, Zha W, Chen X, Yin L, Guo J, Li Z, Luo Q, Su W, Ma CQ. 12.42% Monolithic 25.42 cm 2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells Enabled by an Amorphous ITO-Modified Metal Grid Electrode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110276. [PMID: 35243697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Printed metal nanogrid electrode exhibits superior characteristics for use in flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the high surface roughness and inhomogeneity between grid and blank region is adverse for performance improvement. In this work, a thin amorphous indium tin oxide (ITO) film (α-ITO) is introduced to fill the blank and to improve the charge transporting. The introduction of α-ITO significantly improves the comprehensive properties of metal grid electrode, which exhibits excellent bending resistance and long-term stability under double 85 condition (under 85 °C and 85% relative humidity) for 200 h. Both experimental and simulation results reveal α-ITO with a sheet resistance of 20 000 Ω □-1 is sufficient to improve the charge transporting within the adjacent grids, leading to a remarkable efficiency of 16.54% for 1 cm2 flexible devices. With area increased to 4.00, 9.00, and 25.42 cm2 , the devices still display a performance of 16.22%, 14.69%, and 12.42%, respectively, showing less efficiency loss during upscaling. And the 25.42 cm2 monolithic flexible device exhibits a certificated efficiency of 12.03%. Moreover, the device shows significantly improved air stability relative to conventional high-conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate-modified device. All these make the α-ITO-modified Ag/Cu electrode promise to achieve high-efficient and long-term stable large-area flexible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zishou Hu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano-Device and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nano Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wusong Zha
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano-Device and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nano Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li Yin
- School of Science, School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Guo
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Li
- Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Su
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano-Device and Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Nano Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center & i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, P. R. China
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Kini GP, Han YW, Jeon SJ, Lee EJ, Lee YJ, Goh M, Moon DK. Tailoring microstructure and morphology via sequential fluorination to enhance the photovoltaic performance of low-cost polymer donors for organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200070. [PMID: 35298093 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For utilizing the organic solar cells for commercial applications, reducing the overall cost of the photo absorbent materials is also very crucial, along with the realization of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and excellent stability. Herein, we tried to address such challenge by synergistically controlling the amount of fluorine (F)-substituents (n = 2, 4) on easily scalable, low-cost wide-bandgap molecular design involving alternate fluorinated-thienyl benzodithiophene donor and 2,5-difluoro benzene (2FBn) or 2,3,5,6 tetrafluorobenzene (4FBn) to form two new polymer donors PBDT-2FBn and PBDT-4FBn, respectively. As expected, sequential fluorination causes lowering of the frontier energy levels and planarization of polymer backbone via F···S and C-H···F noncovalent molecular locks, which results in more pronounced molecular packing and enhanced crystallinity from PBDT-2FBn to PBDT-4FBn. By mixing with IT-4F acceptor, PBDT-2FBn:IT-4F-based blend demonstrated favorable molecular orientation with shorter π-π stacking distance, higher carrier mobilities with good trade-off ratio and desirable nanoscale morphology, hence delivered good PCE of 9.3% than PBDT-2FBn:IT-4F counterpart (8.6%). Furthermore, pairing PBDT-2FBn with BTP-BO-4Cl acceptor further improved absorption range and promoted privileged morphology with ideal domain sizes for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport, resulting in further improvement of PCE to 10.2% with remarkably low energy loss of 0.46 eV, which is seldomly reported in NF-OSCs. Consequently, this study provides valuable guidelines for designing efficient and low-cost polymer donors for organic solar cell applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Munju Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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49
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Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Based Nanocomposites for Photovoltaic Application: Functionalization, Structural, and Optical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061093. [PMID: 35335425 PMCID: PMC8951899 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a systematic review of nanostructured organic materials, including synthesis methods, functionalization, and applications. First, we report the chemical and physical procedures used for preparing the polymer/carbon nanotube composites described in the literature over the last decade. We compare the properties of different polymer-based prototypes of organic nanocomposites functionalized with carbon nanotubes. Theoretical and experimental vibrational investigations provide evidence of the molecular structure describing the interaction between both components, showing that the allowed amount of carbon nanotubes and their dispersion states differ across polymers. Moreover, the nature of the solvent used in the preparation has a significant impact on the dispersion process. The integration of these materials in photovoltaic applications is discussed, where the impact of nanoparticles is evidenced through the correlation between experimental analyses and theoretical approaches based on density functional theory. Alterations in optical properties, evaluated from the absorption and luminescence process, are coherent with the solar spectrum, and a good distribution of donor/acceptor interpenetration was observed. In all cases, it was demonstrated that the performance improvement is physically related to the charge transfer from the organic matrix to the nanoparticles.
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Cuesta V, Singh MK, Gutierrez-Fernandez E, Martín J, Domínguez R, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD, Langa F. Gold(III) Porphyrin Was Used as an Electron Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11708-11717. [PMID: 35195997 PMCID: PMC8915169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of nonfullerene-based electron-accepting materials has triggered a rapid increase in the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. However, the number of efficient acceptor compounds available is rather limited, which hinders the discovery of new, high-performing donor:acceptor combinations. Here, we present a new, efficient electron-accepting compound based on a hitherto unexplored family of well-known molecules: gold porphyrins. The electronic properties of our electron-accepting gold porphyrin, named VC10, were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) , revealing two intense optical absorption bands at 500-600 and 700-920 nm and an optical bandgap of 1.39 eV. Blending VC10 with PTB7-Th, a donor polymer, which gives rise to an absorption band at 550-780 nm complementary to that of VC10, enables the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) featuring a power conversion efficiency of 9.24% and an energy loss of 0.52 eV. Hence, this work establishes a new approach in the search for efficient acceptor molecules for solar cells and new guidelines for future photovoltaic material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cuesta
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology (Deemed University), Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj.) 302031, India
| | | | - Jaime Martín
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Av. de Tolosa 72, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Universidade
da Coruña, Grupo de Polímeros, Centro de Investigacións
Tecnolóxicas (CIT), Esteiro, Ferrol 15471, Spain
| | - Rocío Domínguez
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department
of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information
Technology (Deemed University), Jamdoli, Jaipur (Raj.) 302031, India
| | - Fernando Langa
- Institute
of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Molecular Materials (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de la Fábrica
de Armas, Toledo 45071, Spain
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