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Wilson JD, Dworsky-Fried M, Ismail N. Neurodevelopmental implications of COVID-19-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis in pregnant women. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 165:104300. [PMID: 39004033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The global public health emergency of COVID-19 in January 2020 prompted a surge in research focusing on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the virus. While numerous reports have been published on the acute effects of COVID-19 infection, the review explores the multifaceted long-term implications of COVID-19, with a particular focus on severe maternal COVID-19 infection, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Severe COVID-19 infection has been associated with heightened immune system activation and gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe COVID-19 may also result in gut microbiome dysbiosis and a compromised intestinal mucosal barrier, often referred to as 'leaky gut'. Increased gut permeability facilitates the passage of inflammatory cytokines, originating from the inflamed intestinal mucosa and gut, into the bloodstream, thereby influencing fetal development during pregnancy and potentially elevating the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. The current review discusses the role of cytokine signaling molecules, microglia, and synaptic pruning, highlighting their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders following maternal COVID-19 infection. Additionally, this review addresses the potential of probiotic interventions to mitigate gut dysbiosis and inflammatory responses associated with COVID-19, offering avenues for future research in optimizing maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Wilson
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada
| | - Michaela Dworsky-Fried
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9A4, Canada; LIFE Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
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2
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Dai H, Jiang Y, Liu S, Li D, Zhang X. Dietary flavonoids modulate the gut microbiota: A new perspective on improving autism spectrum disorder through the gut-brain axis. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114404. [PMID: 38729686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unknown etiology. It is associated with various factors and causes great inconvenience to the patient's life. The gut-brain axis (GBA), which serves as a bidirectional information channel for exchanging information between the gut microbiota and the brain, is vital in studying many neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary flavonoids provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, as well as regulating the structure and function of the gut microbiota. The occurrence and development of ASD are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota can effectively improve the severity of ASD. This paper reviews the links between gut microbiota, flavonoids, and ASD, focusing on the mechanism of dietary flavonoids in regulating ASD through the GBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Dai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Shuxun Liu
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Sinograin Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610091, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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3
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Xie X, Zhou R, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Liu X. Seeing beyond words: Visualizing autism spectrum disorder biomarker insights. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30420. [PMID: 38694128 PMCID: PMC11061761 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study employs bibliometric and visual analysis to elucidate global research trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) biomarkers, identify critical research focal points, and discuss the potential integration of diverse biomarker modalities for precise ASD assessment. Methods A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the Web of Science Core Collection database until December 31, 2022. Visualization tools, including R, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and gCLUTO, were utilized to examine collaborative networks, co-citation patterns, and keyword associations among countries, institutions, authors, journals, documents, and keywords. Results ASD biomarker research emerged in 2004, accumulating a corpus of 4348 documents by December 31, 2022. The United States, with 1574 publications and an H-index of 213, emerged as the most prolific and influential country. The University of California, Davis, contributed significantly with 346 publications and an H-index of 69, making it the leading institution. Concerning journals, the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Autism Research, and PLOS ONE were the top three publishers of ASD biomarker-related articles among a total of 1140 academic journals. Co-citation and keyword analyses revealed research hotspots in genetics, imaging, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, and eye tracking. Emerging topics included "DNA methylation," "eye tracking," "metabolomics," and "resting-state fMRI." Conclusion The field of ASD biomarker research is dynamically evolving. Future endeavors should prioritize individual stratification, methodological standardization, the harmonious integration of biomarker modalities, and longitudinal studies to advance the precision of ASD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Pediatrics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Rongyi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Pediatrics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Zihan Fang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Pediatrics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Qirong Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xiaomian Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
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4
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Ahrens AP, Hyötyläinen T, Petrone JR, Igelström K, George CD, Garrett TJ, Orešič M, Triplett EW, Ludvigsson J. Infant microbes and metabolites point to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell 2024; 187:1853-1873.e15. [PMID: 38574728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. This investigation revealed microbiome connections to future diagnosis as well as early emerging mood and gastrointestinal problems. The findings suggest links to immunodysregulation and metabolism, compounded by stress, early-life infection, and antibiotics. The convergence of infant biomarkers and risk factors in this prospective, longitudinal study on a large-scale population establishes a foundation for early-life prediction and intervention in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica P Ahrens
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden
| | - Joseph R Petrone
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Kajsa Igelström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Christian D George
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
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5
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Ullah H, Arbab S, Tian Y, Liu CQ, Chen Y, Qijie L, Khan MIU, Hassan IU, Li K. The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1225875. [PMID: 37600019 PMCID: PMC10436500 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1225875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of the host. Microbiota communicate with different organs of the organism by synthesizing hormones and regulating body activity. The interaction of the central nervous system (CNS) and gut signaling pathways includes chemical, neural immune and endocrine routes. Alteration or dysbiosis in the gut microbiota leads to different gastrointestinal tract disorders that ultimately impact host physiology because of the abnormal microbial metabolites that stimulate and trigger different physiologic reactions in the host body. Intestinal dysbiosis leads to a change in the bidirectional relationship between the CNS and GM, which is linked to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Increasing preclinical and clinical studies/evidence indicate that gut microbes are a possible susceptibility factor for the progression of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this review, we discuss the crucial connection between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, the signaling pathways of multiple biological systems and the contribution of gut microbiota-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanif Ullah
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Safia Arbab
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Tian
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-qing Liu
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Qijie
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Inayat Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Inam Ul Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ka Li
- Department of Nursing, West China Hospital, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Arvon JN, Lemons W, Vijay C, Lynch JD. Diffuse Rash in a 10-year-old Boy with Autism. Pediatr Rev 2023; 44:e20-e23. [PMID: 37391638 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Arvon
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, Morgantown, WV
| | - Wesley Lemons
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, Morgantown, WV
| | - Chickajajur Vijay
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, Morgantown, WV
| | - Joseph D Lynch
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University, J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital, Morgantown, WV
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7
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Gaskell C, Sarada P, Aleem E, Bendriss G. Identifying lifestyle factors associated to co-morbidity of obesity and psychiatric disorders, a pilot study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1132994. [PMID: 37206863 PMCID: PMC10188954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and psychiatric disorders are linked through a bidirectional association. Obesity rates have tripled globally in the past decades, and it is predicted that by 2025, one billion people will be affected by obesity, often with a co-morbidity such as depression. While this co-morbidity seems to be a global health issue, lifestyle factors associated to it differ between countries and are often attributed to more than one factor. Prior obesity studies were performed in Western populations; this is the first study that investigates lifestyle factors relating to obesity and mental health of the diverse population in Qatar, a country that has witnessed tremendous lifestyle change in a short time. In this pilot study, we surveyed 379 respondents to assess and compare the lifestyles of Qatar residents to the global population. However due to the high proportion of responses from the United Kingdom (UK) residents, we have made comparisons between Qatar residents and UK residents. We used chi-square analysis, spearman rank correlation and logistic regression to compare the lifestyle factors of individuals suffering from both increased BMI and mental health conditions. The types of food consumed, stress, exercise frequency and duration, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and sleep duration, were explored and results argue that different lifestyle factors can contribute to the same health condition, suggesting different mechanisms involved. We found that both groups reported similar sleep durations (p = 0.800), but that perception of sleep (p = 0.011), consumption of alcohol (p = 0.001), consumption of takeaway food (p = 0.007), and physical activity significantly varied between the groups (p = 0.0001). The study examined the predictors of comorbidity in Qatar as well as UK populations using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The result of the study showed no statistical association between comorbidity and the predictors drinking habit, smoking, physical activity, vegetable consumption, eat outs, and sleep perception for the Qatar population, and for the combined population. This study, however showed a significant association (p = 0.033) between sleep perception and comorbidity for the UK population. We conclude that further analysis is needed to understand the relationship between specific lifestyle factors and multimorbidity in each country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eiman Aleem
- Biomedical Science, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ghizlane Bendriss
- Premedical Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ghizlane Bendriss,
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8
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Harris HA, Derks IPM, Prinzie P, Louwerse A, Hillegers MHJ, Jansen PW. Interrelated development of autism spectrum disorder symptoms and eating problems in childhood: a population-based cohort. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1062012. [PMID: 37205222 PMCID: PMC10185905 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1062012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating problems, such as food selectivity or picky eating, are thought to be an epiphenomenon of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Yet eating problems are also common in the general pediatric population and overlap with ASD symptoms. However, the temporal association between ASD symptoms and eating problems is poorly understood. This study examines the bidirectional association between ASD symptoms and eating problems across child development, and investigates whether these associations differ by child sex. Participants (N = 4,930) were from the population-based Generation R Study. Parents reported their child's ASD symptoms and eating problems using the Child Behavior Checklist at 5 assessments from toddlerhood to adolescence (1.5 to 14 years, 50% girls). A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model was used to examine the lagged associations between ASD symptoms and eating problems at the within-person level, controlling for stable, trait-like differences at the between-person level. At the between-person level, there was a strong correlation between ASD symptoms and eating problems (β = .48, 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.57). Controlling for these between-person effects, there was limited evidence for consistent, predictive effects of ASD symptoms and eating problems at the within-person level. Associations did not differ by child sex. Findings suggest that ASD symptoms and eating problems may represent a cluster of traits that are highly stable from early childhood to adolescence, which have a minimal reciprocal effect at the individual-level. Future research could focus on these trait-like qualities to inform the development of supportive, family-focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A. Harris
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Correspondence: Holly A. Harris
| | - Ivonne P. M. Derks
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anneke Louwerse
- Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline W. Jansen
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Ağagündüz D, Gençer Bingöl F, Çelik E, Cemali Ö, Özenir Ç, Özoğul F, Capasso R. Recent developments in the probiotics as live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) as modulators of gut brain axis related neurological conditions. Lab Invest 2022; 20:460. [PMID: 36209124 PMCID: PMC9548122 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been defined as “living microorganisms that create health benefits in the host when taken in sufficient amounts. Recent developments in the understanding of the relationship between the microbiom and its host have shown evidence about the promising potential of probiotics to improve certain health problems. However, today, there are some confusions about traditional and new generation foods containing probiotics, naming and classifications of them in scientific studies and also their marketing. To clarify this confusion, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared that it has made a new category definition called "live biotherapeutic products" (LBPs). Accordingly, the FDA has designated LBPs as “a biological product that: i)contains live organisms, such as bacteria; ii)is applicable to the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease/condition of human beings; and iii) is not a vaccine”. The accumulated literature focused on LBPs to determine effective strains in health and disease, and often focused on obesity, diabetes, and certain diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).However, microbiome also play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases that age day by day in the modern world via gut-brain axis. Herein, we discuss the novel roles of LBPs in some gut-brain axis related conditions in the light of recent studies. This article may be of interest to a broad readership including those interested in probiotics as LBPs, their health effects and safety, also gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey.
| | - Feray Gençer Bingöl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Yerleşkesi, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Elif Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
| | - Özge Cemali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 06490, Ankara, Emek, Turkey
| | - Çiler Özenir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kırıkkale University, 71100, Kırıkkale, Merkez, Turkey
| | - Fatih Özoğul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
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10
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Guo M, Li R, Wang Y, Ma S, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang H, Liu Z, You C, Zheng H. Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III modulates abnormal behavior and gut microbiota in a mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113965. [PMID: 36126693 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic treatment might improve autism spectrum disorder (ASD) behavior. In this study, we investigated the improvement effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III on a mouse model of ASD, which was constructed using triclosan. After two weeks of L. plantarum ST-III oral feeding, autism-like social deficits in male mouse models were ameliorated. L. plantarum ST-III also attenuated the self-grooming and freezing times of female mice. High-throughput sequencing revealed changes in the gut microbiota after L. plantarum ST-III intervention. In the female probiotic group, the abundance of beneficial Lachnospiraceae bacteria increased, whereas that of harmful Alistipes bacteria decreased. Correlation analysis showed that amelioration of abnormal behavior in a mouse model of ASD was related to the involvement of certain metabolic pathways. A reduction in the abundance of Alistipes was involved in stereotyped behavioral improvement. Thus, oral supplementation with L. plantarum ST-III can help improve social behavior in a male mouse model of ASD and contribute to more balanced intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai and Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 250 Bibo Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Ma
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Sheng Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Chunping You
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China.
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Nandwana V, Nandwana NK, Das Y, Saito M, Panda T, Das S, Almaguel F, Hosmane NS, Das BC. The Role of Microbiome in Brain Development and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:3402. [PMID: 35684340 PMCID: PMC9182002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of billions of commensal microorganisms live in and on our bodies, most of which colonize the gut shortly after birth and stay there for the rest of our lives. In animal models, bidirectional communications between the central nervous system and gut microbiota (Gut-Brain Axis) have been extensively studied, and it is clear that changes in microbiota composition play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, anxiety, stress, and so on. The makeup of the microbiome is impacted by a variety of factors, such as genetics, health status, method of delivery, environment, nutrition, and exercise, and the present understanding of the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the preservation of brain functioning and the development of the aforementioned neurological illnesses is summarized in this review article. Furthermore, we discuss current breakthroughs in the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to address neurological illnesses. Moreover, we also discussed the role of boron-based diet in memory, boron and microbiome relation, boron as anti-inflammatory agents, and boron in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, in the coming years, boron reagents will play a significant role to improve dysbiosis and will open new areas for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (V.N.); (N.K.N.); (T.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Nitesh K. Nandwana
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (V.N.); (N.K.N.); (T.P.); (S.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yogarupa Das
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Mariko Saito
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; (Y.D.); (M.S.)
| | - Tanisha Panda
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (V.N.); (N.K.N.); (T.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Sasmita Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (V.N.); (N.K.N.); (T.P.); (S.D.)
| | - Frankis Almaguel
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA;
| | - Bhaskar C. Das
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; (V.N.); (N.K.N.); (T.P.); (S.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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12
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Jurek L, Sevil M, Jay A, Schröder C, Baghdadli A, Héry-Arnaud G, Geoffray MM. Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1671-1694. [PMID: 32385698 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many scientific papers reported that an unbalanced gut microbiota could lead to or worsen neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). A dysbiosis may then be observed in the course of development and mark a dysfunction within what is called the gut-brain axis. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate potential evidence of dysbiosis in children and young adults with NDD compared to controls. Using the PRISMA guidelines we systematically reviewed studies that compared the gut microbiota in NDD participants (with an age inferior to thirty) to the gut microbiota of controls, regardless of the data analysis methods used. The MEDLINE, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were searched up to September 2018. 31 studies with a total sample size of 3002 ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) and 84 ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) participants were included in this systematic review. Independent data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. The quality of the studies was rated from low to high. Population characterization and experimental methods were highly heterogeneous in terms of the data available, selection of criteria, and dysbiosis measurement. A dysbiosis was reported in 28 studies in terms of either diversity, bacterial composition or metabolome dysfunction. Due to heterogeneity, a quantitative synthesis was not applicable. In this paper, we discuss the different biases to understand the complexity of microbiota and neurodevelopmental disorders to provide leads for future cohort studies looking to answer the questions raised by the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit key body niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jurek
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France.
- Health Services and Performance Research EA7425, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University (CBL1), Lyon, France.
| | - Marine Sevil
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Agathe Jay
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Carmen Schröder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR 3212, Team 9 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), Strasbourg, France
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U1178 Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie Et Santé Des Populations (CESP), Paris Sud University (UPS) Et Versailles Saint Quentin University (UVSQ), Versailles, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle Et Biotechnologies, INSERM, Université de Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Maude Geoffray
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
- Health Services and Performance Research EA7425, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University (CBL1), Lyon, France
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13
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Kittana M, Ahmadani A, Al Marzooq F, Attlee A. Dietary Fat Effect on the Gut Microbiome, and Its Role in the Modulation of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients 2021; 13:3818. [PMID: 34836074 PMCID: PMC8618510 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report a higher frequency and severity of gastrointestinal disorders (GID) than typically developing (TD) children. GID-associated discomfort increases feelings of anxiety and frustration, contributing to the severity of ASD. Emerging evidence supports the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and microbiome, indicating the integral contribution of GM in the development and function of the nervous system, and mental health, and disease balance. Dysbiotic GM could be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of GID in children with ASD. High-fat diets may modulate GM through accelerated growth of bile-tolerant bacteria, altered bacterial ratios, and reduced bacterial diversity, which may increase the risk of GID. Notably, saturated fatty acids are considered to have a pronounced effect on the increase of bile-tolerant bacteria and reduction in microbial diversity. Additionally, omega-3 exerts a favorable impact on GM and gut health due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Despite inconsistencies in the data elaborated in the review, the dietary fat composition, as part of an overall dietary intervention, plays a role in modulating GID, specifically in ASD, due to the altered microbiome profile. This review emphasizes the need to conduct future experimental studies investigating the effect of diets with varying fatty acid compositions on GID-specific microbiome profiles in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Kittana
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Asma Ahmadani
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Farah Al Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Amita Attlee
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (M.K.); (A.A.)
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14
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Mitchell LK, Davies PSW. Pre- and probiotics in the management of children with autism and gut issues: a review of the current evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:913-921. [PMID: 34675402 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the gut microbiome offers a promising treatment option for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for whom functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a common comorbidity. Both ASD and FGIDs have been linked to dysfunction of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Dysfunction of this bidirectional network has the ability to impact multiple host processes including gastrointestinal (GI) function, mood and behaviour. Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation aims to produce beneficial shifts within the gut environment, resulting in favourable changes to microbial metabolite production and gastrointestinal function. The aim of this review is to investigate the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target for children with ASD. Evidence for the utility of prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics (i.e., prebiotic + probiotic) among this cohort is examined. Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched using keywords or phrases to review the literature from 1 January 2010 to 30 October 2020. Findings suggest limited, but preliminary evidence of efficacy in relieving GI distress, improving ASD-associated behaviours, altering microbiota composition, and reducing inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne K Mitchell
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Peter S W Davies
- Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Salim S, Banu A, Alwa A, Gowda SBM, Mohammad F. The gut-microbiota-brain axis in autism: what Drosophila models can offer? J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:37. [PMID: 34525941 PMCID: PMC8442445 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea that alterations in gut-microbiome-brain axis (GUMBA)-mediated communication play a crucial role in human brain disorders like autism remains a topic of intensive research in various labs. Gastrointestinal issues are a common comorbidity in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although gut microbiome and microbial metabolites have been implicated in the etiology of ASD, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this review, we have summarized recent findings in human and animal models highlighting the role of the gut-brain axis in ASD. We have discussed genetic and neurobehavioral characteristics of Drosophila as an animal model to study the role of GUMBA in ASD. The utility of Drosophila fruit flies as an amenable genetic tool, combined with axenic and gnotobiotic approaches, and availability of transgenic flies may reveal mechanistic insight into gut-microbiota-brain interactions and the impact of its alteration on behaviors relevant to neurological disorders like ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Salim
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Ayesha Banu
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Amira Alwa
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Swetha B M Gowda
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Farhan Mohammad
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (BBS), College of Health & Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, 34110, Qatar.
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16
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The role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105840. [PMID: 34450312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape neural development, modulate neurotransmission and affect behavior, and thereby contribute to the pathogenesis and/or progression of many neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological conditions. This review summarizes recent data on the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, migraine, and epilepsy. Also, the involvement of microbiota in gut disorders co-existing with neuropsychiatric conditions is highlighted. We discuss data from both in vivo preclinical experiments and clinical reports including: (1) studies in germ-free animals, (2) studies exploring the gut microbiota composition in animal models of diseases or in humans, (3) studies evaluating the effects of probiotic, prebiotic or antibiotic treatment as well as (4) the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation.
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17
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Marazziti D, Buccianelli B, Palermo S, Parra E, Arone A, Beatino MF, Massa L, Carpita B, Barberi FM, Mucci F, Dell’Osso L. The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080760. [PMID: 34440503 PMCID: PMC8401073 DOI: 10.3390/life11080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called "gut-brain axis". The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut-brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled "psychobiotics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
- Unicamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Medical and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Buccianelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Parra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Alessandro Arone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Maria Francesca Beatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Barbara Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Filippo M. Barberi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Federico Mucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
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18
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Kabasakal E, Özpulat F, Bakır E. Analysis of the Nutrition, Self-Care Skills, and Health Professional Support in Schools of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Florence Nightingale Hemsire Derg 2021; 29:239-249. [PMID: 34263243 PMCID: PMC8245022 DOI: 10.5152/fnjn.2021.19089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the nutrition, self-care skills, and health professional support of children with autism spectrum disorder. METHOD This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The parents of 82 children with autism spectrum disorder agreed to participate as part of a study group in 8 special education schools in 3 districts. The schools were selected on the basis of their levels of sociodemographic development. The data were collected and analysed between September 2016 and July 2017 using a two-section questionnaire developed after a literature review. RESULTS The majority of the parents (63.4%) had sufficient knowledge with regard to autism spectrum disorder, but the issues that were most lacking in terms of education were care, nutrition, and skills related to daily living (36.2%). The parents wanted to be educated on “nutrition problems,” and “activities of daily living.” The majority of the children lacked self-care skills (82.9%). CONCLUSION The most frequently observed nutrition problem in children with autism spectrum disorder was selective eating. In line with the literature, the majority of the children in this study were found to be unable to care for themselves. School nurses can provide support in terms of nutrition and self-care skills in these schools. School health education programmes for parents can be developed to allow for the more rapid and effective resolution of nutrition and self-care problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Kabasakal
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Funda Özpulat
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Elif Bakır
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarano F, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Oppedisano F, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Contribution of Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:616883. [PMID: 33833660 PMCID: PMC8021727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.616883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different bacterial families colonize most mucosal tissues in the human organism such as the skin, mouth, vagina, respiratory, and gastrointestinal districts. In particular, the mammalian intestine hosts a microbial community of between 1,000 and 1,500 bacterial species, collectively called "microbiota." Co-metabolism between the microbiota and the host system is generated and the symbiotic relationship is mutually beneficial. The balance that is achieved between the microbiota and the host organism is fundamental to the organization of the immune system. Scientific studies have highlighted a direct correlation between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, establishing the existence of the gut microbiota-brain axis. Based on this theory, the microbiota acts on the development, physiology, and cognitive functions of the brain, although the mechanisms involved have not yet been fully interpreted. Similarly, a close relationship between alteration of the intestinal microbiota and the onset of several neurological pathologies has been highlighted. This review aims to point out current knowledge as can be found in literature regarding the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and the onset of particular neurological pathologies such as anxiety and depression, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis. These disorders have always been considered to be a consequence of neuronal alteration, but in this review, we hypothesize that these alterations may be non-neuronal in origin, and consider the idea that the composition of the microbiota could be directly involved. In this direction, the following two key points will be highlighted: (1) the direct cross-talk that comes about between neurons and gut microbiota, and (2) the degree of impact of the microbiota on the brain. Could we consider the microbiota a valuable target for reducing or modulating the incidence of certain neurological diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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20
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Qin C, Hu J, Wan Y, Cai M, Wang Z, Peng Z, Liao Y, Li D, Yao P, Liu L, Rong S, Bao W, Xu G, Yang W. Narrative review on potential role of gut microbiota in certain substance addiction. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110093. [PMID: 32898589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a neuropsychiatric disorder, substance addiction represents a major public health issue with high prevalence and mortality in many countries. Recently, gut microbiota has been certified to play a part in substance addiction through various mechanisms. Hence, we mainly focused on three substance including alcohol, cocaine and methamphetamine in this review, and summarized their relationships with gut microbiota, respectively. Besides, we also concluded the possible treatments for substance addiction from the perspective of applying gut microbiota. This review aims to build a bridge between substance addiction and gut microbiota according to existing evidences, so as to excavate the possible bi-directional function of microbiota-gut-brain axis in substance addiction for developing therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guifeng Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA; Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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21
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Zhang Q, Zou R, Guo M, Duan M, Li Q, Zheng H. Comparison of gut microbiota between adults with autism spectrum disorder and obese adults. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10946. [PMID: 33717692 PMCID: PMC7931713 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obesity are serious global public health problems. Studies have shown that ASD children are at a higher risk of obesity than the general population. To investigate the gut microbe characteristics of adults ASD and obese adults, we compared the gut microbiota of adults with ASD to obese adults. Methods The fecal samples were collected from 21 adult patients with ASD and 21 obese adults, and V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by high-throughput DNA sequencing. The gut microbiota of adults with ASD and obese adults was compared. Results We observed the proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in ASD was significantly increased, with families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae significantly enriched in adult ASD. Eighteen genera, including Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Holdemanella were significantly increased in adult ASD, whereas Megamonas and Fusobacterium were significantly increased in obesity. At the species level, we found six species enriched in ASD and three species enriched in obesity, including Phascolarctobacterium succinatuten producing propionate. Dialister succinatiphilus may be as a biomarker for predicting obesity, as well as Prevotella copri may be a common-owned pathogens of ASD and obesity. Conclusions Some conflicting results have been reported in microbiota studies of ASD, which may be related to age and obesity. Thus, the body mass index should be evaluated before analyzing the gut microbiota of patients with ASD, as obesity is prevalent in these individuals and gut microbiota is severally affected by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zou
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Guo
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Hong M, Ho C, Zhang X, Zhang R, Liu Y. Dietary strategies may influence human nerves and emotions by regulating intestinal microbiota: an interesting hypothesis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ08901USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
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23
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Wang N, Zhao Y, Gao J. Association Between Peripheral Blood Levels of Vitamin A and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:742937. [PMID: 34658977 PMCID: PMC8515042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.742937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient that plays important roles in a surprisingly wide variety of biological processes from early growth and development to brain maintenance. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between peripheral vitamin A levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but the results of these studies are controversial. Therefore, we assessed the association between peripheral vitamin A levels and ASD in the present meta-analysis. Relevant records were retrieved through the Embase, Web of Knowledge and PubMed databases up to 13 November 2020. Reference lists were also searched and analyzed. Hedges' g with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the association between peripheral vitamin A levels and ASD. A fixed or random effects model was selected according to a heterogeneity test in overall and subgroup analyses. Five records (six studies) with 935 ASD children and 516 healthy children were included in the present study. Significantly decreased peripheral vitamin A concentrations were observed in ASD children compared with healthy children (Hedges' g = -0.600, 95% CI -1.153 to -0.048, P = 0.033). A similar result was also obtained after removing the studies identified by Galbraith plots. In addition, no obvious publication bias was found in the meta-analysis. The findings of our meta-analysis suggested decreased peripheral vitamin A levels in ASD children compared with healthy children. Further investigations into the effects of vitamin A on the development of ASD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wang
- Nursing Office of Beijing Road Medical District, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Wulumuqi, China
| | | | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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24
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Wu T, Wang H, Lu W, Zhai Q, Zhang Q, Yuan W, Gu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Potential of gut microbiome for detection of autism spectrum disorder. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104568. [PMID: 33096147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuro developmental disorder characterized by a series of abnormal social behaviors. The increasing prevalence of ASD has led to the discovery of a correlation with the intestinal microbiome in many studies. In our research, we evaluated 297 subjects, including 169 individuals with ASD and 128 neurotypical subjects, from the Sequence Read Archive database. We conducted a series of analyses, including alpha-diversity, phylogenetic profiles, and functional profiles, to explore the correlation between the gut microbiome and ASD. The principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that ASD and neurotypical subjects could be divided based on the unweighted UniFrac distance. The genera Prevotella, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Megasphaera, and Catenibacterium might be biomarkers of ASD after linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) evaluation and Random Forest analysis, respectively. The functional analysis found six significant pathways between ASD and neurotypical subjects, including oxidative phosphorylation, nucleotide excision repair, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, photosynthesis, photosynthesis proteins, and two-component system. Based on these alterations of the intestinal microbiome in ASD subjects, we developed four machine learning models: random forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), kernelized support vector machines with the RBF kernel (SVMs), and Decision trees (DT). Notably, the RF model after RF selection was superior, with an F1 score of 0.74 and area under the curve of 0.827(0.004), suggesting the reliability and generalizability of predictive model. Besides, the validation performance of RF model after RF selection could be 0.75(0.01) on external cohort collected by our laboratory. Our study advances the understanding of human gut microbiome in ASD that designing and evaluating microbially based interventions of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Weiwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China; Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, PR China
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25
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Gupta UC, Gupta SC. Optimizing Modifiable and Lifestyle-related Factors in the Prevention of Dementia Disorders with Special Reference to Alzheimer, Parkinson and Autism Diseases. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190801120306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome and an umbrella term that encompasses Alzheimer, Parkinson and
autism diseases. These diseases are by far the most common cause of dementia; therefore this investigation
will chiefly include these disorders, with a limited discussion of few other disorders related
to dementia. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of cerebral β-amyloid
plaques, tau proteins and memory loss; Parkinson by the deterioration of brain cells which regulate
the movement of body parts and produce dopamine; and autism by abnormalities of social disorder
and difficulty in communicating and forming relationships. Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive impairment
in dementia are age-related and manageable only with early diagnosis and prevention. Data
based on several decades of research has shown that the major factors responsible for the induction
of inflammation in dementia and many chronic diseases are infections, obesity, alcohol, radiation,
environmental pollutants, improper nutrition, lack of physical activity, depression, anxiety, genetic
factors, and sleep deprivation. There are some studied preventive measures for dementia including
continued physical activity and consuming predominantly a plant-based Mediterranean diet comprising
olive oil and foods containing flavonoids and other phytochemicals having strong antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties and along with management of chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. Gupta
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown Research and Development Centre, 440 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Subhas C. Gupta
- The Department of Plastic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354, United States
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26
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Gevi F, Belardo A, Zolla L. A metabolomics approach to investigate urine levels of neurotransmitters and related metabolites in autistic children. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165859. [PMID: 32512190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since recently metabolic abnormalities in autistic children have been associated with ASD disturbs, the aim of this study is to determine the neurotransmitter levels in urine samples of autistic children and to analyse the altered metabolic pathway involved in their production. Thus, ASD-specific urinary metabolomic patterns were explored in 40 ASD children and 40 matched controls using untargeted metabolomics through UHPLC-mass spectrometry (Q-exactive analyser), and by using XCMS Metlin software for data interpretation. Through this new advanced technique, a more considerable number of urinary altered metabolites were recorded in autistic children, than in the previous investigations, which allowed us to collect metabolites involved in neurotransmitter production. In these subjects, a high amount of dopamine was revealed and an increased amount of homovanillic acid, to the detriment of noradrenaline and adrenaline production, as well as MHPG and vanillylmandelic acid, which were found lower. This indicates that the accumulation of dopamine is not due to its greater production, but its lesser biotransformation into noradrenaline, due to the blockage of the dopamine β-hydroxylase enzyme by 4-cresol and vitamin C, both found in high quantities in autistic subjects. Finally, a decreased amount of the active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal phosphate (P5P), implicated in biotransformation of glutamate into γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was also detected, justifying the lower levels of latter. All of these alterations are correlated with a peculiar intestinal microbiome in autistic subjects, supporting the idea of a microbiota-gut-brain axis, then altered levels of neurotransmitters and altered neuronal transmission exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gevi
- University of Tuscia, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, 01110 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antonio Belardo
- University of Tuscia, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, 01110 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- University of Tuscia, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, 01110 Viterbo, Italy.
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27
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The role of host molecules in communication with the resident and pathogenic microbiota: A review. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2020.100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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28
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Zurita MF, Cárdenas PA, Sandoval ME, Peña MC, Fornasini M, Flores N, Monaco MH, Berding K, Donovan SM, Kuntz T, Gilbert JA, Baldeón ME. Analysis of gut microbiome, nutrition and immune status in autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study in Ecuador. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:453-464. [PMID: 31530087 PMCID: PMC7524316 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1662260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Most studies on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk factors have been conducted in developed countries where ethnicity and environment are different than in developing countries. We compared nutritional status, immune response and microbiota composition in mestizo children with ASD with matched controls in Ecuador. Twenty-five cases and 35 controls were matched by age, sex and school location. The prevalence of under- and overweight was higher in children with ASD. Nutritional differences were accompanied by abnormal food habits and more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms in children with ASD. Also, greater serum concentrations of TGF-β1 were observed in children with ASD. Finally, there was greater alpha diversity and abundance of Bacteroides (2 OTUs), Akkermansia, Coprococcus and different species of Ruminococcus in ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Zurita
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador,Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paúl A. Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador,Instituto de Microbiología, COCIBA, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Elena Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador,Area de la Salud, Universidad Andina Simón Bolivar, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Caridad Peña
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marco Fornasini
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nancy Flores
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marcia H. Monaco
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirsten Berding
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Kuntz
- Department of Surgery, Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Surgery, Microbiome Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manuel E. Baldeón
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador,CONTACT Manuel E. Baldeón Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, Quito, Ecuador
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29
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Karaivazoglou K, Konstantakis C, Assimakopoulos SF, Triantos C. Neonate gut colonization: The rise of a social brain. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13767. [PMID: 31788958 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota constitutes an integral part of human physiology, playing an important role in maintaining health, and compositional or functional changes in intestinal microbiota may be associated with the emergence of several chronic diseases. Animal and human studies have shown that there is a dynamic cross-talk between intestinal microorganisms and brain networks which has an impact on neurodevelopment and may be extremely critical in shaping human social behavior. PURPOSE The aim of the current review is to appraise and present in a concise manner all findings linking the evolution of neonate and infant gut colonization with early social development and to formulate scientifically informed hypotheses which could guide future research on this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Karaivazoglou
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Centre for Children with Developmental Disorders, EPSYPEA, Mesolongi, Greece
| | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Greece
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30
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Silva DVD, Santos PNM, Silva DAVD. EXCESS WEIGHT AND GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN A GROUP OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2019080. [PMID: 32215545 PMCID: PMC7089583 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status and gastrointestinal changes in children
with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of 39 children with ASD aged between
three and ten years old, registered in the participating association.
Nutritional status was evaluated by body mass index/age and weight/age,
according to the guidelines from the World Health Organization. In order to
investigate whether gastrointestinal alterations occurred, the interviewees
answered a questionnaire about the presence of these symptoms within the
last 30 days. In order to evaluate food consumption, a 24-hour recall
questionnaire was applied and the food reported were grouped as: gluten
sources, casein and ultra-processed sources. For the statistical analysis,
Epi-Info software version 7.2 was used. Multivariate logistic regression
analysis was performed to evaluate the variables associated with
gastrointestinal alterations. Results: There was a high prevalence of overweight children with autism spectrum
disorder (64.1%). No child was underweight. Thirty-four children (84.2%) had
gastrointestinal symptoms. Consumption of gluten was associated with
gastrointestinal symptoms (β=0.38; 95%CI 0.07-0.75; p=0.02). Conclusions: The high prevalence of being overweight should be considered during the
follow-up visits of children with ASD. The influence of gluten consumption
on the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms was observed in this study, and
the causes involved in these alterations need to be further
investigated.
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31
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Specificity of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder in Slovakia and its correlation with astrocytes activity marker and specific behavioural patterns. Physiol Behav 2020; 214:112745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Berding K, Donovan SM. Dietary Patterns Impact Temporal Dynamics of Fecal Microbiota Composition in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Nutr 2020; 6:193. [PMID: 31998741 PMCID: PMC6968728 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors such as diet are known influencers on gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota variability and some diseases are associated with microbial stability. Whether microbial variability is related to symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and how diet impacts microbial stability in ASD is unknown. Herein, temporal variability in stool microbiota in relation to dietary habits in 2–7 years-old children with ASD (ASD, n = 26) and unaffected controls (CONT, n = 32) was investigated. Fecal samples were collected at baseline, 6-weeks and 6-months. Bacterial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Short fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were analyzed by gas chromatography. Nutrient intake was assessed using a 3-day food diary and dietary patterns (DP) were empirically derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Social deficit scores (SOCDEF) were assessed using the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory-Screening Version (PDDBI-SV). GI symptoms were assessed using the GI severity index. Overall, temporal variability in microbial structure, and membership did not differ between the groups. In children with ASD, abundances of Clostridiaceae, Streptophyta, and Clostridiaceae Clostridium, varied significantly, and concentrations of all SCFAs decreased over time. Variability in community membership was negatively correlated with median SOCDEF scores. Additionally, Clostridiales, Lactococcus, Turicibacter, Dorea, and Phascolarctobacterium were components of a more stable microbiota community in children with ASD. DP1, characterized by vegetables, starchy vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruit, grains, juice and dairy, was associated with changes in species diversity, abundance of Erysipelotricaceae, Clostridiaceae Clostridium, and Oscillospira and concentrations of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate in children with ASD. DP2 characterized by fried, protein and starchy foods, “Kid's meals,” condiments, and snacks was associated with variations in microbiota structure, abundance of Clostridiaceae Clostridium, and Oscillospira and changes in all SCFA concentrations. However, no association between microbial stability and SOCDEF or GI severity scores were observed. In conclusion, microbiota composition varies over time in children with ASD, might be related to social deficit scores and can be impacted by diet. Future studies investigating the physiological effect of the changes in specific microbial taxa and metabolites are needed to delineate the impact on ASD symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Berding
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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33
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Bone Health and BMD Research in Pediatric and Adolescent Individuals with ASD: Current Data, Evaluation, and Next Steps. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-019-09268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Ristori MV, Quagliariello A, Reddel S, Ianiro G, Vicari S, Gasbarrini A, Putignani L. Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112812. [PMID: 31752095 PMCID: PMC6893818 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy. Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. Moreover, they are "picky eaters" and the existence of specific sensory patterns in ASD patients could represent one of the main aspects in hampering feeding. GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Ristori
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (A.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Andrea Quagliariello
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (A.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Unit of Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (M.V.R.); (A.Q.); (S.R.)
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Neuropsichiatria dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia ed Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0668-59-4127 (L.P.)
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Units of Parasitology and Human Microbiome, Children’s Hospital and Research Institute “Bambino Gesù”, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.P.); Tel.: +39-0668-59-4127 (L.P.)
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Fraguas D, Díaz-Caneja CM, Pina-Camacho L, Moreno C, Durán-Cutilla M, Ayora M, González-Vioque E, de Matteis M, Hendren RL, Arango C, Parellada M. Dietary Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2019; 144:peds.2018-3218. [PMID: 31586029 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Dietary interventions such as restrictive diets or supplements are common treatments for young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence for the efficacy of these interventions is still controversial. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of specific dietary interventions on symptoms, functions, and clinical domains in subjects with ASD by using a meta-analytic approach. DATA SOURCES Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Embase databases. STUDY SELECTION We selected placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of dietary interventions in ASD published from database inception through September 2017. DATA EXTRACTION Outcome variables were subsumed under 4 clinical domains and 17 symptoms and/or functions groups. Hedges' adjusted g values were used as estimates of the effect size of each dietary intervention relative to placebo. RESULTS In this meta-analysis, we examined 27 double-blind, randomized clinical trials, including 1028 patients with ASD: 542 in the intervention arms and 486 in the placebo arms. Participant-weighted average age was 7.1 years. Participant-weighted average intervention duration was 10.6 weeks. Dietary supplementation (including omega-3, vitamin supplementation, and/or other supplementation), omega-3 supplementation, and vitamin supplementation were more efficacious than the placebo at improving several symptoms, functions, and clinical domains. Effect sizes were small (mean Hedges' g for significant analyses was 0.31), with low statistical heterogeneity and low risk of publication bias. LIMITATIONS Methodologic heterogeneity among the studies in terms of the intervention, clinical measures and outcomes, and sample characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis does not support nonspecific dietary interventions as treatment of ASD but suggests a potential role for some specific dietary interventions in the management of some symptoms, functions, and clinical domains in patients with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fraguas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; .,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pina-Camacho
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Durán-Cutilla
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ayora
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emiliano González-Vioque
- Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain; and
| | - Mario de Matteis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert L Hendren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciòn Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
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Engevik MA, Morra CN, Röth D, Engevik K, Spinler JK, Devaraj S, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Kalkum M, Versalovic J. Microbial Metabolic Capacity for Intestinal Folate Production and Modulation of Host Folate Receptors. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2305. [PMID: 31649646 PMCID: PMC6795088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial metabolites, including B complex vitamins contribute to diverse aspects of human health. Folate, or vitamin B9, refers to a broad category of biomolecules that include pterin, para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA), and glutamate subunits. Folates are required for DNA synthesis and epigenetic regulation. In addition to dietary nutrients, the gut microbiota has been recognized as a source of B complex vitamins, including folate. This study evaluated the predicted folate synthesis capabilities in the genomes of human commensal microbes identified in the Human Microbiome Project and folate production by representative strains of six human intestinal bacterial phyla. Bacterial folate synthesis genes were ubiquitous across 512 gastrointestinal reference genomes with 13% of the genomes containing all genes required for complete de novo folate synthesis. An additional 39% of the genomes had the genetic capacity to synthesize folates in the presence of pABA, an upstream intermediate that can be obtained through diet or from other intestinal microbes. Bacterial folate synthesis was assessed during exponential and stationary phase growth through the evaluation of expression of select folate synthesis genes, quantification of total folate production, and analysis of folate polyglutamylation. Increased expression of key folate synthesis genes was apparent in exponential phase, and increased folate polyglutamylation occurred during late stationary phase. Of the folate producers, we focused on the commensal Lactobacillus reuteri to examine host-microbe interactions in relation to folate and examined folate receptors in the physiologically relevant human enteroid model. RNAseq data revealed segment-specific folate receptor distribution. Treatment of human colonoid monolayers with conditioned media (CM) from wild-type L. reuteri did not influence the expression of key folate transporters proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) or reduced folate carrier (RFC). However, CM from L. reuteri containing a site-specific inactivation of the folC gene, which prevents the bacteria from synthesizing a polyglutamate tail on folate, significantly upregulated RFC expression. No effects were observed using L. reuteri with a site inactivation of folC2, which results in no folate production. This work sheds light on the contributions of microbial folate to overall folate status and mammalian host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina N. Morra
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel Röth
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Kristen Engevik
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Spinler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine – Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Manohar H, Pravallika M, Kandasamy P, Chandrasekaran V, Rajkumar RP. Role of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Conferring Protection in Children At-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from a Sibling Case-control Study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 9:132-136. [PMID: 29456357 PMCID: PMC5812137 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_331_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microflora influences neural development through complex mechanisms. Feeding practices, especially breastfeeding influence gut microbiome and thereby play a pivotal role in immune and neural development. Current understandings of the role of healthy distal gut microflora in the development of immune and neural systems provide insights into immunological mechanisms as one of the possible etiologies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies have shown that optimal breastfeeding is associated with lower odds of being at-risk for ASD and children with ASD are suboptimally breastfed. Methods The feeding practices of children with ASD (n = 30) was compared to their typically developing siblings as matched controls (n = 30). Information regarding feeding practices was collected from mothers through a semi-structured questionnaire. Results About 43.3% of children with ASD received exclusive breastfeeding, whereas 76.7% of their typically developing siblings were exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with lower odds for ASD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.166; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.025-0.65), while early introduction of top feeds was associated with higher odds (OR = 6; 95% CI = 1.33-55.19). Difficulties in breastfeeding were attributed to child-related factors in 13.2% of the children. Conclusion Children with ASD are suboptimally breastfed compared to their typically developing siblings. Exclusive breastfeeding may confer protection in vulnerable children. Further studies on larger prospective sample are required to establish the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Manohar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Madhavapuri Pravallika
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Preeti Kandasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Venkatesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Probiotic Therapy for Treating Behavioral and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:173-184. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Nogay NH, Nahikian-Nelms M. Can we reduce autism-related gastrointestinal and behavior problems by gut microbiota based dietary modulation? A review. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 24:327-338. [PMID: 31216957 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1630894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that negatively affects a child's interaction and communication with the environment. The signals between intestine, brain, and microbiota change in autism. Altering the composition of microbiota may contribute to the development of clinical symptoms. Diet is one of the most important factors influencing intestinal microbiota.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in gastrointestinal (GI) and behavioral problems seen in children with autism and discuss the potential effect of diet on intestinal microbiota in reducing these problems.Methods: The database Web of Science was searched for relevant studies. The combinations of the following terms were used for the search: 'autism' or 'autistic' and 'microbiome' or 'microbiota' or 'gut bacteria' or 'gut microbiota' or 'gut microbiome.' The analysis included human studies evaluating the relationship between GI problems and/or behavioral problems and intestinal microbiota in autism in the English language with no time limitation.Results: The initial search resulted in 691 studies, with 14 studies fully meeting the inclusion criteria. In these studies, high growth rates of Clostridium histolyticum, C. perfringens, and Sutterella; high ratio of Escherichia/Shigella; and low ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes were generally related to GI problems, while relative abundance of Desulfovibrio, Clostridium spp., and Bacteroides vulgatus were associated with behavior disorders.Conclusions: Published studies on the relationship of gastrointestinal and behavioral problems with gut microbiota in autism are very limited and contradictory. The fact that the results of the studies are not consistent with each other may be explained by the differences in the age of participants, geographical region, sample size, presence of GI problems in the selected control group, and feces or biopsy samples taken from different regions of GI system. With the available information, it is not yet possible to develop a gut microbiota-based nutritional intervention to treat GI symptoms for people with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Hakime Nogay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marcia Nahikian-Nelms
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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40
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Serra D, Almeida LM, Dinis TCP. Polyphenols as food bioactive compounds in the context of Autism Spectrum Disorders: A critical mini-review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:290-298. [PMID: 31085194 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols are bioactive compounds with potential in preventing and treating several chronic disorders, mainly due to their ability to modulate key pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant signalling pathways. Although some studies have expressed concern about their efficacy in vivo, accumulating evidence has suggested that these compounds may achieve large concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract, which may be important in the context of intestinal and of neurological disorders, via modulation of the "gut-brain axis". Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of lifelong neurodevelopmental disorders in which many patients suffer from gastrointestinal impairments. Thus, in the scope of these disorders, a growing number of studies have been focused on the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this mini-review, we present gathered data on gut-to-brain communication in the scope of ASD and we address the advantages of polyphenols in the treatment of these disorders, presenting the more recent preclinical and clinical data on this issue. According to most studies, dietary polyphenols can be a promising strategy for the alleviation of ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Serra
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Leonor M Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C P Dinis
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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41
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The Possible Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092115. [PMID: 31035684 PMCID: PMC6539237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
New research points to a possible link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the gut microbiota as many autistic children have co-occurring gastrointestinal problems. This review focuses on specific alterations of gut microbiota mostly observed in autistic patients. Particularly, the mechanisms through which such alterations may trigger the production of the bacterial metabolites, or leaky gut in autistic people are described. Various altered metabolite levels were observed in the blood and urine of autistic children, many of which were of bacterial origin such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoles and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A less integrative gut-blood-barrier is abundant in autistic individuals. This explains the leakage of bacterial metabolites into the patients, triggering new body responses or an altered metabolism. Some other co-occurring symptoms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress in cells, altered tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier and structural changes in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum were also detected. Moreover, this paper suggests that ASD is associated with an unbalanced gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Although the cause-effect relationship between ASD and gut microbiota is not yet well established, the consumption of specific probiotics may represent a side-effect free tool to re-establish gut homeostasis and promote gut health. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of bacterial-derived compounds as new possible biomarkers, associated with perturbation in the phenylalanine metabolism, as well as potential therapeutic strategies will be discussed.
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Bölte S, Girdler S, Marschik PB. The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1275-1297. [PMID: 30570672 PMCID: PMC6420889 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition of heterogeneous etiology. While it is widely recognized that genetic and environmental factors and their interactions contribute to autism phenotypes, their precise causal mechanisms remain poorly understood. This article reviews our current understanding of environmental risk factors of ASD and their presumed adverse physiological mechanisms. It comprehensively maps the significance of parental age, teratogenic compounds, perinatal risks, medication, smoking and alcohol use, nutrition, vaccination, toxic exposures, as well as the role of extreme psychosocial factors. Further, we consider the role of potential protective factors such as folate and fatty acid intake. Evidence indicates an increased offspring vulnerability to ASD through advanced maternal and paternal age, valproate intake, toxic chemical exposure, maternal diabetes, enhanced steroidogenic activity, immune activation, and possibly altered zinc-copper cycles and treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Epidemiological studies demonstrate no evidence for vaccination posing an autism risk. It is concluded that future research needs to consider categorical autism, broader autism phenotypes, as well as autistic traits, and examine more homogenous autism variants by subgroup stratification. Our understanding of autism etiology could be advanced by research aimed at disentangling the causal and non-causal environmental effects, both founding and moderating, and gene-environment interplay using twin studies, longitudinal and experimental designs. The specificity of many environmental risks for ASD remains unknown and control of multiple confounders has been limited. Further understanding of the critical windows of neurodevelopmental vulnerability and investigating the fit of multiple hit and cumulative risk models are likely promising approaches in enhancing the understanding of role of environmental factors in the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bölte
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Sonya Girdler
- Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter B Marschik
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- iDN-interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with and without Mental Regression is Associated with Changes in the Fecal Microbiota. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020337. [PMID: 30764497 PMCID: PMC6412819 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New microbiome sequencing technologies provide novel information about the potential interactions among intestinal microorganisms and the host in some neuropathologies as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The microbiota–gut–brain axis is an emerging aspect in the generation of autistic behaviors; evidence from animal models suggests that intestinal microbial shifts may produce changes fitting the clinical picture of autism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fecal metagenomic profiles in children with ASD and compare them with healthy participants. This comparison allows us to ascertain how mental regression (an important variable in ASD) could influence the intestinal microbiota profile. For this reason, a subclassification in children with ASD by mental regression (AMR) and no mental regression (ANMR) phenotype was performed. The present report was a descriptive observational study. Forty-eight children aged 2–6 years with ASD were included: 30 with ANMR and 18 with AMR. In addition, a control group of 57 normally developing children was selected and matched to the ASD group by sex and age. Fecal samples were analyzed with a metagenomic approach using a next-generation sequencing platform. Several differences between children with ASD, compared with the healthy group, were detected. Namely, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria at phylum level, as well as, Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Erysipelotrichi, and Gammaproteobacteria at class level were found at higher proportions in children with ASD. Additionally, Proteobacteria levels showed to be augmented exclusively in AMR children. Preliminary results, using a principal component analysis, showed differential patterns in children with ASD, ANMR and AMR, compared to healthy group, both for intestinal microbiota and food patterns. In this study, we report, higher levels of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacilli, aside from Erysipelotrichi, and Gammaproteobacteria in children with ASD compared to healthy group. Furthermore, AMR children exhibited higher levels of Proteobacteria. Further analysis using these preliminary results and mixing metagenomic and other “omic” technologies are needed in larger cohorts of children with ASD to confirm these intestinal microbiota changes.
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Prata J, Machado AS, von Doellinger O, Almeida MI, Barbosa MA, Coelho R, Santos SG. The Contribution of Inflammation to Autism Spectrum Disorders: Recent Clinical Evidence. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2011:493-510. [PMID: 31273718 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9554-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autism comprises a complex and heterogeneous spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, usually termed autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is more prevalent in males than females, and genetic and environmental factors are believed to account in similar percentages to the development of ASD. In recent years, the contribution of inflammation and inflammatory mediators to disease aetiology and perpetuation has been the object of intense research. In this chapter, inflammatory aspects that contribute to ASD are discussed, including abnormal microglia activation and polarization phenotypes, increased systemic levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, and altered patterns of immune cell response to activation stimuli. Also, inflammation in the context of gut microbiome and the impact of inflammation on gender prevalence of ASD are considered. Finally, treatment impact on inflammatory parameters and the potential for use of anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or in combination with antipsychotics, to manage ASD are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prata
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - A S Machado
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar UniversitÃrio São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - O von Doellinger
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - M I Almeida
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M A Barbosa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Coelho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar UniversitÃrio São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - S G Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Bell V, Ferrão J, Pimentel L, Pintado M, Fernandes T. One Health, Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota. Foods 2018; 7:foods7120195. [PMID: 30513869 PMCID: PMC6306734 DOI: 10.3390/foods7120195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in present-day society such as diets with more sugar, salt, and saturated fat, bad habits and unhealthy lifestyles contribute to the likelihood of the involvement of the microbiota in inflammatory diseases, which contribute to global epidemics of obesity, depression, and mental health concerns. The microbiota is presently one of the hottest areas of scientific and medical research, and exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Fermented foods and beverages are generally defined as products made by microbial organisms and enzymatic conversions of major and minor food components. Further to the commonly-recognized effects of nutrition on the digestive health (e.g., dysbiosis) and well-being, there is now strong evidence for the impact of fermented foods and beverages (e.g., yoghurt, pickles, bread, kefir, beers, wines, mead), produced or preserved by the action of microorganisms, on general health, namely their significance on the gut microbiota balance and brain functionality. Fermented products require microorganisms, i.e., Saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria, yielding alcohol and lactic acid. Ingestion of vibrant probiotics, especially those contained in fermented foods, is found to cause significant positive improvements in balancing intestinal permeability and barrier function. Our guts control and deal with every aspect of our health. How we digest our food and even the food sensitivities we have is linked with our mood, behavior, energy, weight, food cravings, hormone balance, immunity, and overall wellness. We highlight some impacts in this domain and debate calls for the convergence of interdisciplinary research fields from the United Nations’ initiative. Worldwide human and animal medicine are practiced separately; veterinary science and animal health are generally neither considered nor inserted within national or international Health discussions. The absence of a clear definition and subsequent vision for the future of One Health may act as a barrier to transdisciplinary collaboration. The point of this mini review is to highlight the role of fermented foods and beverages on gut microbiota and debate if the need for confluence of transdisciplinary fields of One Health is feasible and achievable, since they are managed by separate sectors with limited communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bell
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Ferrão
- Universidade Pedagógica, Rua João Carlos Raposo Beirão 135, Maputo 1000-001, Mozambique.
| | - Lígia Pimentel
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tito Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Tomova A, Babkova J, Repiska G, Ostatnikova D. GUT MICROBIOTA AND AUTISM. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Mendis M, Martens EC, Simsek S. How Fine Structural Differences of Xylooligosaccharides and Arabinoxylooligosaccharides Regulate Differential Growth of Bacteroides Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8398-8405. [PMID: 29863342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) could be used to selectively favor growth of certain gut bacterial groups. The objective of this research was to understand how the structural differences of XOS and AXOS influenced the growth of Bacteroides species commonly found in the intestine. We report that the specific structural details of XOS and AXOS dictate the differential growth of Bacteroides species in the intestine. We also investigated the expression of two polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in a strain of Bacteroides ovatus upon growth on AXOS using three different susC transcripts as sentinel reporter genes. 23-α-l-Arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A4) was shown to upregulate small xylan PUL gene expression, while 23,33-di-α-l-arabinofuranosyl-xylotriose (A6) decreased expression of this PUL. These results reveal new details about the potentially very specific structure-function relationship of XOS and AXOS that could be used in targeted alteration of the microbial population in the gut through dietary interventions to maintain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihiri Mendis
- Department of Plant Sciences , North Dakota State University , Post Office Box 5050, Department 7670, Fargo , North Dakota 58108-6050 , United States
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences , North Dakota State University , Post Office Box 5050, Department 7670, Fargo , North Dakota 58108-6050 , United States
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Larroya-García A, Navas-Carrillo D, Orenes-Piñero E. Impact of gut microbiota on neurological diseases: Diet composition and novel treatments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3102-3116. [PMID: 29870270 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1484340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has significant effects on the structure and function of the enteric and central nervous system including human behaviour and brain regulation. Herein, we analyze the role of this intestinal ecosystem, the effects of dietary changes and the administration of nutritional supplements, such as probiotics, prebiotics, or fecal transplantation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Numerous factors have been highlighted to influence gut microbiota composition, including genetics, health status, mode of birth delivery and environment. However, diet composition and nutritional status has been repeatedly shown to be one of the most critical modifiable factors of this ecosystem. A comprehensively analysis of the microbiome-intestine-brain axis has been performed, including the impact of intestinal bacteria in alterations in the nervous, immune and endocrine systems and their metabolites. Finally, we discuss the latest literature examining the effects of diet composition, nutritional status and microbiota alterations in several neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer's disease and anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Larroya-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana Navas-Carrillo
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de la Vega Lorenzo Guirao, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esteban Orenes-Piñero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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