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Trojak M, Skowron E. Growth Light Quality Influences Leaf Surface Temperature by Regulating the Rate of Non-Photochemical Quenching Thermal Dissipation and Stomatal Conductance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16911. [PMID: 38069235 PMCID: PMC10706689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made to optimise spectrum quality in indoor farming to maximise artificial light utilisation and reduce water loss. For such an improvement, green (G) light supplementation to a red-blue (RB) background was successfully employed in our previous studies to restrict both non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and stomatal conductance (gs). At the same time, however, the downregulation of NPQ and gs had the opposite influence on leaf temperature (Tleaf). Thus, to determine which factor plays the most prominent role in Tleaf regulation and whether such a response is temporal or permanent, we investigated the correlation between NPQ and gs and, subsequently, Tleaf. To this end, we analysed tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Malinowy Ozarowski) grown solely under monochromatic LED lamps (435, 520, or 662 nm; 80 µmol m-2 s-1) or a mixed RGB spectrum (1:1:1; 180 µmol m-2 s-1) and simultaneously measured gs and Tleaf with an infrared gas analyser and a thermocouple or an infrared thermal camera (FLIR) during thermal imaging analyses. The results showed that growth light quality significantly modifies Tleaf and that such a response is not temporal. Furthermore, we found that the actual adaxial leaf surface temperature of plants is more closely related to NPQ amplitude, while the temperature of the abaxial surface corresponds to gs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Trojak
- Department of Environmental Biology, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
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Jing Y, Liu C, Liu B, Pei T, Zhan M, Li C, Wang D, Li P, Ma F. Overexpression of the FERONIA receptor kinase MdMRLK2 confers apple drought tolerance by regulating energy metabolism and free amino acids production. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:154-168. [PMID: 35972799 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress limiting the growth and production of apple trees worldwide. The receptor-like kinase FERONIA is involved in plant growth, development and stress responses; however, the function of FERONIA in apple under drought stress remains unclear. Here, the FERONIA receptor kinase gene MdMRLK2 from apple (Malus domestica) was shown to encode a plasma membrane-localized transmembrane protein and was significantly induced by abscisic acid and drought treatments. 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants showed less photosystem damage and higher photosynthetic rates compared with wild-type (WT) plants, after withholding water for 7 days. 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants also had enhanced energy levels, activated caspase activity and more free amino acids, than the WT, under drought conditions. By performing yeast two-hybrid screening, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and MdCYS4, a member of cystatin, were identified as MdMRLK2 interaction partners. Moreover, under drought conditions, the 35S::MdMRLK2 apple plants were characterized by higher abscisic acid (ABA) content. Overall, these findings demonstrated that MdMRLK2 regulates apple drought tolerance, probably via regulating levels of energetic matters, free amino acids and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Duanni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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The CRK5 and WRKY53 Are Conditional Regulators of Senescence and Stomatal Conductance in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223558. [PMID: 36428987 PMCID: PMC9688832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large group of membrane-localized proteins which perceive external stimuli and transduce the signal into the cell. Previous reports based on their loss-of-function phenotypes and expression profile support their role in many developmental and stress-responsive pathways. Our study revealed that one member of this family, CRK5, acts as a negative regulator of leaf aging. Enrichment of the CRK5 promoter region in W-box cis-elements demonstrated that WRKY transcription factors control it. We observed significantly enhanced WRKY53 expression in crk5 and reversion of its early-senescence phenotype in the crk5 wrky53 line, suggesting a negative feedback loop between these proteins antagonistically regulating chlorophyll a and b contents. Yeast-two hybrid assay showed further that CRK5 interacts with several proteins involved in response to water deprivation or calcium signaling, while gas exchange analysis revealed a positive effect of CRK5 on water use efficiency. Consistent with that, the crk5 plants showed disturbed foliar temperature, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and increased susceptibility to osmotic stress. These traits were fully or partially reverted to wild-type phenotype in crk5 wrky53 double mutant. Obtained results suggest that WRKY53 and CRK5 are antagonistic regulators of chlorophyll synthesis/degradation, senescence, and stomatal conductance.
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Teng L, Zhu Y, Li H, Song X, Shi L. The phytotoxicity of microplastics to the photosynthetic performance and transcriptome profiling of Nicotiana tabacum seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113155. [PMID: 35007831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as emerging "new generation" organic contaminants, have attracted extensive attention regarding their severe toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. However, the responses of plant photosynthesis to soil MP pollution are unclear. In this study, Nicotiana tabacum seedlings were grown in soils containing 0~1000 g·kg-1 polyethylene (PE)-MPs for 48 days. PE-MPs significantly increased the superoxide anion content by 15.3~44.8% but decreased the chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity by 4.3~14.0% and 4.23~30.9%, respectively. PE-MPs also inhibited RuBP carboxylation activation and regeneration, restrained light use efficiency, and prevented dark respiration, thereby reducing the light-saturated photosynthesis rate. The changed shape of OJIP transients indicated that PE-MP toxicity inhibited not only the primary photochemistry rate but also photoelectrochemical quenching, resulting in decreased quantum yields. RNA-Seq revealed thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 79 highly expressed DEGs were enriched in photosynthesis-related processes. Functional annotation revealed that the reduction in environment stress was mainly due to the repressed expression of light harvesting-, electron transport- and photosystem-related genes in chloroplasts. This study regarding the physiological and molecular responses of photosynthetic performance to soil PE-MP pollution provides a new viewpoint for exploring the plant photosynthesis regulating and protective mechanisms under soil MP stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhong Teng
- College of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, De'zhou 253023, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haibin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiliang Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Lianhui Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Carvalho LC, Gonçalves EF, Marques da Silva J, Costa JM. Potential Phenotyping Methodologies to Assess Inter- and Intravarietal Variability and to Select Grapevine Genotypes Tolerant to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:718202. [PMID: 34764964 PMCID: PMC8575754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.718202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenotyping is an emerging science that combines multiple methodologies and protocols to measure plant traits (e.g., growth, morphology, architecture, function, and composition) at multiple scales of organization. Manual phenotyping remains as a major bottleneck to the advance of plant and crop breeding. Such constraint fostered the development of high throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP), which is largely based on imaging approaches and automatized data retrieval and processing. Field phenotyping still poses major challenges and the progress of HTPP for field conditions can be relevant to support selection and breeding of grapevine. The aim of this review is to discuss potential and current methods to improve field phenotyping of grapevine to support characterization of inter- and intravarietal diversity. Vitis vinifera has a large genetic diversity that needs characterization, and the availability of methods to support selection of plant material (polyclonal or clonal) able to withstand abiotic stress is paramount. Besides being time consuming, complex and expensive, field experiments are also affected by heterogeneous and uncontrolled climate and soil conditions, mostly due to the large areas of the trials and to the high number of traits to be observed in a number of individuals ranging from hundreds to thousands. Therefore, adequate field experimental design and data gathering methodologies are crucial to obtain reliable data. Some of the major challenges posed to grapevine selection programs for tolerance to water and heat stress are described herein. Useful traits for selection and related field phenotyping methodologies are described and their adequacy for large scale screening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa C. Carvalho
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food – Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa F. Gonçalves
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food – Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J. Miguel Costa
- LEAF – Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food – Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Hõrak H, Fountain L, Dunn JA, Landymore J, Gray JE. Dynamic thermal imaging confirms local but not fast systemic ABA responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:885-899. [PMID: 33295045 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) signals regulating stomatal aperture and water loss are usually studied in detached leaves or isolated epidermal peels and at infrequent timepoints. Measuring stomatal ABA responses in attached leaves across a time course enables the study of stomatal behaviour in the physiological context of the plant. Infrared thermal imaging is often used to characterize steady-state stomatal conductance via comparisons of leaf surface temperature but is rarely used to capture stomatal responses over time or across different leaf surfaces. We used dynamic thermal imaging as a robust, but sensitive, tool to observe stomatal ABA responses in a whole plant context. We detected stomatal responses to low levels of ABA in both monocots and dicots and identified differences between the responses of different leaves. Using whole plant thermal imaging, stomata did not always behave as described previously for detached samples: in Arabidopsis, we found no evidence for fast systemic ABA-induced stomatal closure, and in barley, we observed no requirement for exogenous nitrate during ABA-induced stomatal closure. Thus, we recommend dynamic thermal imaging as a useful approach to complement detached sample assays for the study of local and systemic stomatal responses and molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal responses to ABA in the whole plant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hõrak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Luke Fountain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jessica A Dunn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Joanna Landymore
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Julie E Gray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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Qu Y, Jiang L, Wuyun T, Mu S, Xie F, Chen Y, Zhang L. Effects of Exogenous Putrescine on Delaying Senescence of Cut Foliage of Nephrolepis cordifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:566824. [PMID: 33013988 PMCID: PMC7511530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.566824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the main limitation for cut foliage display in vase. Naturally occurring polyamines such as putrescine (Put) have been considered effective anti-senescence agents. However, effect of Put on cut foliage in vase in a realistic indoor environment has not yet been revealed. In the present study, effects of Put spraying on the postharvest performance of cut foliage of Nephrolepis cordifolia L. were investigated. Cut fronds sprayed with deionized water (Put0) showed visible injuries after 10 days in vase. Meanwhile, chlorophyll (Chl), soluble protein (Sp), and proline (Pro) content were decreased by 60.15, 57.93, and 73.09% respectively, photochemical activity reflected by Chl fluorescence parameters was inhibited, whereas electrolyte leakage (EL), contents of soluble sugar (Ss), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased (+194.29, +44.83, +34.06, and +178.01%, respectively). Put spraying extended the vase life of the cut foliage and the 2.0 mM Put had a longer vase life (21 days) than 0.2 mM (15 days). Leaf spraying of 2.0 mM Put for 10 days significantly ameliorated the losses of Chl, Sp, and Pro content (-10.72, -26.29, and -42.64%, respectively), followed by 0.2 mM Put (-27.36, -36.24, and -60.55%, respectively). Put spraying also improved photochemical capability and prevented membrane impairment as well as visible injury in comparison with Put0. In addition, 2.0 mM Put had a better mitigating ability than that of 0.2 mM. Leaf spraying of 2.0 mM Put greatly reduced the decline of the effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (ΦPSII), the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry measured in the dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR) (-7.89, -12.91, and -10.06%, respectively), and also inhibited the increases of EL, MDA, Ss, and H2O2 (+31.87, +6.43, +16.22, and +49.40%, respectively). Overall, Put played important roles in deterring the degradation of Chl, Ss, and Pro, detoxifying the H2O2, weakening the sugar signaling, mitigating the decline of photochemical activity, and eventually postponing the leaf senescence. The present study gives new insights into effects of Put on leaf senescence and provides a strategy for preserving post-harvest cut foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tana Wuyun
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Shouyuan Mu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuchun Xie
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Vítek P, Veselá B, Klem K. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Plant Leaf Responses Cascade after PSII Inhibition: Raman, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Infrared Thermal Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E1015. [PMID: 32069965 PMCID: PMC7070318 DOI: 10.3390/s20041015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors allows simulating cascade of defense and damage responses, including the oxidative stress. In our study, PSII inhibiting herbicide metribuzin was applied to the leaf of the model plant species Chenopodium album. The temporally and spatially resolved cascade of defense responses was studied noninvasively at the leaf level by combining three imaging approaches: Raman spectroscopy as a principal method, corroborated by chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) and infrared thermal imaging. ChlF imaging show time-dependent transport in acropetal direction through veins and increase of area affected by metribuzin and demonstrated the ability to distinguish between fast processes at the level of electron transport (1 - Vj) from slow processes at the level of non-photochemical energy dissipation (NPQ) or maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm). The high-resolution resonance Raman images show zones of local increase of carotenoid signal 72 h after the herbicide application, surrounding the damaged tissue, which points to the activation of defense mechanisms. The shift in the carotenoid band indicates structural changes in carotenoids. Finally, the increase of leaf temperature in the region surrounding the spot of herbicide application and expanding in the direction to the leaf tip proves the metribuzin effect on slow stomata closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vítek
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (B.V.); (K.K.)
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Song X, Yue X, Chen W, Jiang H, Han Y, Li X. Detection of Cadmium Risk to the Photosynthetic Performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:798. [PMID: 31281328 PMCID: PMC6596316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis plays an essential role in plant growth and crop yield, and the mechanisms of the effects of cadmium (Cd) on photosynthetic performance require more attention. The acute toxicity of Cd in soil to the photosynthetic capacity of Hybrid Pennisetum was evaluated using gas exchange parameters, A/Ci curves, light response curves, and chlorophyll a fluorescence transients after exposure to elevated Cd concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, 70, and 100 mg kg-1) for a 3-month period. The results indicated that leaf Cd concentration in Hybrid Pennisetum increased with the strength of soil Cd stress and ranged from 4.9 to 15.8 μg g-1 DW. The accumulation of leaf Cd severely restricted photosynthesis and its non-stomatal limitation in regulating the photosynthetic performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. The leaf chloroplasts at 10 and 20 mg kg-1 Cd concentrations showed no noticeable change, but the chlorophyll content significantly decreased by 9.0-20.4% at 50-100 mg kg-1 Cd concentrations. The Cd treatments also decreased plant ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) activity (Vcmax ) and regeneration capacity (Jmax ), triose phosphate utilization (TPU), light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax ), apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point (LSP), and dark respiration (Rday ), but Cd treatment increased the light compensation point (LCP). The shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients in leaves was altered under different Cd treatments. The increased OJ phase and the decreased IP phase in fluorescence induction curves suggested that Cd toxicity inhibited both light use efficiency and photodamage avoidance ability. These results suggested that the decrease in photosynthesis through exposure to Cd may be a result of the decrease in leaf chlorophyll content, Rubisco activity, and RuBP regeneration, inhibition of triose phosphate utilization, reduction of the ability to use light and provide energy, and restrictions on electron transport in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Phyto-Microremediation in Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Yue
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Phyto-Microremediation in Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong, China
| | - Huixin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Shandong Province Grass Products Quality Inspection Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyun Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Moustakas M, Bayçu G, Gevrek N, Moustaka J, Csatári I, Rognes SE. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of photosystem II function during acclimation to zinc exposure and mineral nutrition changes in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6613-6624. [PMID: 30623337 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated changes in mineral nutrient uptake and translocation and photosystem II (PSII) functionality, in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens after exposure to 800 μM Zn in hydroponic culture. Exposure to Zn inhibited the uptake of K, Mn, Cu, Ca, and Mg, while the uptake of Fe and Zn enhanced. Yet, Ca and Mg aboveground tissue concentrations remain unchanged while Cu increased significantly. In the present study, we provide new data on the mechanism of N. caerulescens acclimation to Zn exposure by elucidating the process of photosynthetic acclimation. A spatial heterogeneity in PSII functionality in N. caerulescens leaves exposed to Zn for 3 days was detected, while a threshold time of 4 days was needed for the activation of Zn detoxification mechanism(s) to decrease Zn toxicity and for the stomatal closure to decrease Zn supply at the severely affected leaf area. After 10-day exposure to Zn, the allocation of absorbed light energy in PSII under low light did not differ compared to control ones, while under high light, the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) was lower than the control, due to an efficient photoprotective mechanism. The chlorophyll fluorescence images of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photochemical quenching (qp) clearly showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity in N. caerulescens exposure to Zn and provided further information on the particular leaf area that was most sensitive to heavy metal stress. We propose the use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, and in particular the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool that was found to display the highest spatiotemporal heterogeneity, as a sensitive bio-indicator to measure the environmental pressure by heavy metals on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurbir Gevrek
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - István Csatári
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sven Erik Rognes
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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Bayçu G, Moustaka J, Gevrek N, Moustakas M. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2580. [PMID: 30567339 PMCID: PMC6315512 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We provide new data on the mechanism of Noccaea caerulescens acclimation to Cd exposure by elucidating the process of photosystem II (PSII) acclimation by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. Seeds from the metallophyte N. caerulescens were grown in hydroponic culture for 12 weeks before exposure to 40 and 120 μM Cd for 3 and 4 days. At the beginning of exposure to 40 μM Cd, we observed a spatial leaf heterogeneity of decreased PSII photochemistry, that later recovered completely. This acclimation was achieved possibly through the reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool signaling. Exposure to 120 μM Cd under the growth light did not affect PSII photochemistry, while under high light due to a photoprotective mechanism (regulated heat dissipation for protection) that down-regulated PSII quantum yield, the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) decreased even more than control values. Thus, N. caerulescens plants exposed to 120 μM Cd for 4 days exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as singlet oxygen (¹O₂). The response of N. caerulescens to Cd exposure fits the 'Threshold for Tolerance Model', with a lag time of 4 d and a threshold concentration of 40 μM Cd required for the induction of the acclimation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülriz Bayçu
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Nurbir Gevrek
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Pfündel EE, Latouche G, Meister A, Cerovic ZG. Linking chloroplast relocation to different responses of photosynthesis to blue and red radiation in low and high light-acclimated leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:105-128. [PMID: 29374806 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) and high light (HL)-acclimated plants of A. thaliana were exposed to blue (BB) or red (RR) light or to a mixture of blue and red light (BR) of incrementally increasing intensities. The light response of photosystem II was measured by pulse amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and that of photosystem I by near infrared difference spectroscopy. The LL but not HL leaves exhibited blue light-specific responses which were assigned to relocation of chloroplasts from the dark to the light-avoidance arrangement. Blue light (BB and BR) decreased the minimum fluorescence ([Formula: see text]) more than RR light. This extra reduction of the [Formula: see text] was stronger than theoretically predicted for [Formula: see text] quenching by energy dissipation but actual measurement and theory agreed in RR treatments. The extra [Formula: see text] reduction was assigned to decreased light absorption of chloroplasts in the avoidance position. A maximum reduction of 30% was calculated. Increasing intensities of blue light affected the fluorescence parameters NPQ and qP to a lesser degree than red light. After correcting for the optical effects of chloroplast relocation, the NPQ responded similarly to blue and red light. The same correction method diminished the color-specific variations in qP but did not abolish it; thus strongly indicating the presence of another blue light effect which also moderates excitation pressure in PSII but cannot be ascribed to absorption variations. Only after RR exposure, a post-illumination overshoot of [Formula: see text] and fast oxidation of PSI electron acceptors occurred, thus, suggesting an electron flow from stromal reductants to the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard E Pfündel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik II der Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
- Heinz Walz GmbH, Eichenring 6, 91090, Effeltrich, Germany.
| | - Gwendal Latouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Zoran G Cerovic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
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Hussain MI, Reigosa MJ. Evaluation of photosynthetic performance and carbon isotope discrimination in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under allelochemicals stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:613-624. [PMID: 28378127 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic (FA) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) are commonly found as phenolic compounds (PHC) in many forage and cereal crops. Although the effects of these PHC on seedling growth are relatively explored, not many information is available regarding the phytotoxicity on ecophysiological processes of perennial ryegrass adult plants. The experiment was conducted with the aim to evaluate the phytotoxic potential of PHC on the seedling growth, leaf water relation, chlorophyll fluorescence attributes and carbon isotope discrimination adult plants of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The results clearly indicated that PHC behaved as potent inhibitors of chlorophyll fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) in leaves of L. perenne and plants showed poor tolerance against allelochemicals stress. Quantum yield (ΦPSII), chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were decreased following exposure to FA and pHBA. The portion of absorbed photon energy that was thermally dissipated (D) in L. perenne was decreased. Exposure of the L. perenne seedlings to FA and pHBA stress led to a decrease in fresh/dry weight, relative water content and leaf osmotic potential. Carbon isotope composition ratio (δ13C) was significantly less negative than the control following treatment with FA or pHBA. The results suggested that PHC uptake was a key step for the effectiveness of these secondary metabolites and their phytotoxicity on L. perenne adult plants was mainly due to the alteration of leaf water status accompanied by photosystem II damage. Acquisition of such knowledge may ultimately provide a better understanding about the mode of action of the tested compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Manuel J Reigosa
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
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Estimating Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters Using the Joint Fraunhofer Line Depth and Laser-Induced Saturation Pulse (FLD-LISP) Method in Different Plant Species. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Mishra KB, Mishra A, Novotná K, Rapantová B, Hodaňová P, Urban O, Klem K. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, under half of the adaptive growth-irradiance, for high-throughput sensing of leaf-water deficit in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. PLANT METHODS 2016; 12:46. [PMID: 27872654 PMCID: PMC5109828 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-016-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive and high-throughput monitoring of drought in plants from its initiation to visible symptoms is essential to quest drought tolerant varieties. Among the existing methods, chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) imaging has the potential to probe systematic changes in photosynthetic reactions; however, prerequisite of dark-adaptation limits its use for high-throughput screening. RESULTS To improve the throughput monitoring of plants, we have exploited their light-adaptive strategy, and investigated possibilities of measuring ChlF transients under low ambient irradiance. We found that the ChlF transients and associated parameters of two contrasting Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, Rsch and Co, give almost similar information, when measured either after ~20 min dark-adaptation or in the presence of half of the adaptive growth-irradiance. The fluorescence parameters, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and fluorescence decrease ratio (RFD) resulting from this approach enabled us to differentiate accessions that is often not possible by well-established dark-adapted fluorescence parameter maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (FV/FM). Further, we screened ChlF transients in rosettes of well-watered and drought-stressed six A. thaliana accessions, under half of the adaptive growth-irradiance, without any prior dark-adaptation. Relative water content (RWC) in leaves was also assayed and compared to the ChlF parameters. As expected, the RWC was significantly different in drought-stressed from that in well-watered plants in all the six investigated accessions on day-10 of induced drought; the maximum reduction in the RWC was obtained for Rsch (16%), whereas the minimum reduction was for Co (~7%). Drought induced changes were reflected in several features of ChlF transients; combinatorial images obtained from pattern recognition algorithms, trained on pixels of image sequence, improved the contrast among drought-stressed accessions, and the derived images were well-correlated with their RWC. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here that ChlF transients and associated parameters measured even in the presence of low ambient irradiance preserved its features comparable to that of measured after dark-adaptation and discriminated the accessions having differential geographical origin; further, in combination with combinatorial image analysis tools, these data may be readily employed for early sensing and mapping effects of drought on plant's physiology via easy and fully non-invasive means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud B. Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Novotná
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Rapantová
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hodaňová
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhang Y, Teng P, Shimizu Y, Hosoi F, Omasa K. Estimating 3D Leaf and Stem Shape of Nursery Paprika Plants by a Novel Multi-Camera Photography System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E874. [PMID: 27314348 PMCID: PMC4934300 DOI: 10.3390/s16060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
For plant breeding and growth monitoring, accurate measurements of plant structure parameters are very crucial. We have, therefore, developed a high efficiency Multi-Camera Photography (MCP) system combining Multi-View Stereovision (MVS) with the Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithm. In this paper, we measured six variables of nursery paprika plants and investigated the accuracy of 3D models reconstructed from photos taken by four lens types at four different positions. The results demonstrated that error between the estimated and measured values was small, and the root-mean-square errors (RMSE) for leaf width/length and stem height/diameter were 1.65 mm (R² = 0.98) and 0.57 mm (R² = 0.99), respectively. The accuracies of the 3D model reconstruction of leaf and stem by a 28-mm lens at the first and third camera positions were the highest, and the number of reconstructed fine-scale 3D model shape surfaces of leaf and stem is the most. The results confirmed the practicability of our new method for the reconstruction of fine-scale plant model and accurate estimation of the plant parameters. They also displayed that our system is a good system for capturing high-resolution 3D images of nursery plants with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Poching Teng
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yo Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Fumiki Hosoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Kenji Omasa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Song X, Zhou G, Xu Z, Lv X, Wang Y. A self-photoprotection mechanism helps Stipa baicalensis adapt to future climate change. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25839. [PMID: 27161934 PMCID: PMC4861908 DOI: 10.1038/srep25839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the photosynthetic responses of Stipa baicalensis to relative long-term exposure (42 days) to the predicted elevated temperature and water availability changes to determine the mechanisms through which the plant would acclimate to future climate change. Two thermal regimes (ambient and +4 °C) and three irrigation levels (partial, normal and excess) were used in environmental control chambers. The gas exchange parameters, light response curves and A/Ci curves were determined. The elevated temperature and partial irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate due to a limitation in the photosynthetic capacity instead of the intercellular CO2 concentration. Partial irrigation decreased Rubisco activation and limited RuBP regeneration. The reduction in Vcmax increased with increasing temperature. Excess irrigation offset the negative effect of drought and led to a partial recovery of the photosynthetic capacity. Although its light use efficiency was restricted, the use of light and dark respiration by Stipa baicalensis was unchanged. We concluded that nonstomatal limitation was the primary reason for photosynthesis regulation in Stipa baicalensis under relative long-term climate change conditions. Although climate change caused reductions in the light use efficiency and photosynthetic rate, a self-photoprotection mechanism in Stipa baicalensis resulted in its high ability to maintain normal live activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, 46 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
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Tubuxin B, Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran P, Ginnan Y, Hosoi F, Omasa K. Estimating chlorophyll content and photochemical yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at different growing stages of attached leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5595-603. [PMID: 26071530 PMCID: PMC4585421 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper illustrates the possibility of measuring chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence parameters by the solar-induced Chl fluorescence (SIF) method using the Fraunhofer line depth (FLD) principle, and compares the results with the standard measurement methods. A high-spectral resolution HR2000+ and an ordinary USB4000 spectrometer were used to measure leaf reflectance under solar and artificial light, respectively, to estimate Chl fluorescence. Using leaves of Capsicum annuum cv. 'Sven' (paprika), the relationships between the Chl content and the steady-state Chl fluorescence near oxygen absorption bands of O2B (686nm) and O2A (760nm), measured under artificial and solar light at different growing stages of leaves, were evaluated. The Chl fluorescence yields of ΦF 686nm/ΦF 760nm ratios obtained from both methods correlated well with the Chl content (steady-state solar light: R(2) = 0.73; artificial light: R(2) = 0.94). The SIF method was less accurate for Chl content estimation when Chl content was high. The steady-state solar-induced Chl fluorescence yield ratio correlated very well with the artificial-light-induced one (R(2) = 0.84). A new methodology is then presented to estimate photochemical yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) from the SIF measurements, which was verified against the standard Chl fluorescence measurement method (pulse-amplitude modulated method). The high coefficient of determination (R(2) = 0.74) between the ΦPSII of the two methods shows that photosynthesis process parameters can be successfully estimated using the presented methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayaer Tubuxin
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Parinaz Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan School of Forest Resources, The University of Maine, 5557 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Yusaku Ginnan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Fumiki Hosoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kenji Omasa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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Song X, Zhou G, Xu Z, Lv X, Wang Y. Detection of Photosynthetic Performance of Stipa bungeana Seedlings under Climatic Change using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1254. [PMID: 26793224 PMCID: PMC4709831 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of future climate change on photosynthetic efficiency as well as energy partitioning in the Stipa bungeana was investigated by using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) technique. Two thermal regimes (room temperature, T0: 23.0/17.0°C; High temperature, T6: 29.0/23.0°C) and three water conditions (Control, W0; Water deficit, W-30; excess precipitation, W+30) were set up in artificial control chambers. The results showed that excess precipitation had no significant effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, while water deficit decreased the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry for the dark-adapted state (F v/F m) by 16.7%, with no large change in maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry for the light-adapted state (F V'/F M') and coefficient of the photochemical quenching (q P ) at T0 condition. Under T6 condition, high temperature offset the negative effect of water deficit on F v/F m and enhanced the positive effect of excess precipitation on F v/F m, F v'/F m', and q P , the values of which all increased. This indicates that the temperature higher by 6°C will be beneficial to the photosynthetic performance of S. bungeana. Spatial changes of photosynthetic performance were monitored in three areas of interest (AOIs) located on the bottom, middle and upper position of leaf. Chlorophyll fluorescence images (F v/F m, actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry for the light-adapted state (ΦPSII), quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation for the light-adapted state (ΦNO) at T0 condition, and ΦPSII at T6 condition) showed a large spatial variation, with greater value of ΦNO and lower values of F v/F m and ΦPSII in the upper position of leaves. Moreover, there was a closer relationship between ΦPSII and ΦNO, suggesting that the energy dissipation by non-regulated quenching mechanisms played a dominant role in the yield of PSII photochemistry. It was also found that, among all measured fluorescence parameters, the F v/F m ratio was most sensitive to precipitation change at T0, while ΦPSII was the most sensitive indicator at T6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guangsheng Zhou
| | - Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Yuhui Wang
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Leigh A, Hill R, Ball MC. Leaf shape influences spatial variation in photosynthetic function in Lomatia tinctoria. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:833-842. [PMID: 32481037 DOI: 10.1071/fp13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A relationship exists between the two-dimensional shape of leaves and their venation architecture, such that broad or broad-lobed leaves can have leaf tissue far from major veins, potentially creating stronger gradients in water potential - and associated photosynthetic function - than found across narrow counterparts. We examined the spatial patterns of photosynthetic efficiency (ΔF/Fm') and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in response to increased vapour pressure deficit (VPD) using two morphs of Lomatia tinctoria (Labill.) R.Br: those with broad-lobed and those with narrow-lobed leaves. Stomatal conductance (gs), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal and minor veins density also were measured. ΔF/Fm' decreased with stress but was higher and less spatially heterogeneous across broad than narrow lobes. The strongest depression in ΔF/Fm' in broad lobes was at the edges and in narrow lobes, the tips. Non-photochemical quenching was spatially more varied in broad lobes, increasing at the edges and tips. Variation in photosynthetic function could not be explained by gs, WUE or minor vein density, whereas proximity to major veins appeared to mitigate water stress at the tips only for broad lobes. Our findings indicate that the relationship between venation architecture and water delivery alone can partially explain the spatial pattern of photosynthetic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leigh
- School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ross Hill
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and Sydney Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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21
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Moustaka J, Moustakas M. Photoprotective mechanism of the non-target organism Arabidopsis thaliana to paraquat exposure. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 111:1-6. [PMID: 24861926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The response of photosystem II (PSII), of the non-target organism Arabidopsis thaliana, to paraquat (Pq) exposure was studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Effects of 1mM Pq application by spray on A. thaliana leaves were monitored as soon as 20min after application at the deposit areas of the droplets. A decline in the effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (ΦPSII) was accompanied by an increase in the quantum yield for dissipation by down regulation in PSII (ΦNPQ). The concomitant decrease in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) pointed out a quick effective photoprotection mechanism to Pq exposure. Even 1h after Pq spray, when the maximum Pq effect was observed, the decrease of electron transport rate (ETR) and the increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) resulted to maintain almost the same redox state of quinone A (QA) as control plants. Thus, maximal photoprotection was achieved since NPQ was regulated in such a way that PSII reaction centers remained open. Arabidopsis plants were protected from Pq exposure, by increasing NPQ that dissipates light energy and decreases the efficiency of photochemical reactions of photosynthesis (down regulation of PSII) via the "water-water cycle". PSII photochemistry began to recover 4h after Pq exposure, and this was evident from the increase of ΦPSII, the simultaneous decrease of ΦNPQ, and the concomitant decrease of ΦNO. Yet, ETR began to increase, as well as the fraction of open PSII reaction centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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McAusland L, Davey PA, Kanwal N, Baker NR, Lawson T. A novel system for spatial and temporal imaging of intrinsic plant water use efficiency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4993-5007. [PMID: 24043857 PMCID: PMC3830482 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Instrumentation and methods for rapid screening and selection of plants with improved water use efficiency are essential to address current issues of global food and fuel security. A new imaging system that combines chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging has been developed to generate images of assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) from whole plants or leaves under controlled environmental conditions. This is the first demonstration of the production of images of WUEi and the first to determine images of g s from themography at the whole-plant scale. Data are presented illustrating the use of this system for rapidly and non-destructively screening plants for alterations in WUEi by comparing Arabidopsis thaliana mutants (OST1-1) that have altered WUEi driven by open stomata, with wild-type plants. This novel instrument not only provides the potential to monitor multiple plants simultaneously, but enables intra- and interspecies variation to be taken into account both spatially and temporally. The ability to measure A, gs, and WUEi progressively was developed to facilitate and encourage the development of new dynamic protocols. Images illustrating the instrument's dynamic capabilities are demonstrated by analysing plant responses to changing photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Applications of this system will augment the research community's need for novel screening methods to identify rapidly novel lines, cultivars, or species with improved A and WUEi in order to meet the current demands on modern agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. McAusland
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - P. A. Davey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - N. Kanwal
- School of Computing and Engineering Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - N. R. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - T. Lawson
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Takayama K, King D, Robinson SA, Osmond B. Integrating Transient Heterogeneity of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Shade-Grown Heterobaric Leaves of Avocado (Persea americana L.): Responses to CO2 Concentration, Stomatal Occlusion, Dehydration and Relative Humidity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1852-66. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Upadhyay RK, Soni DK, Singh R, Dwivedi UN, Pathre UV, Nath P, Sane AP. SlERF36, an EAR-motif-containing ERF gene from tomato, alters stomatal density and modulates photosynthesis and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3237-47. [PMID: 23840010 PMCID: PMC3733148 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The AP2 domain class of transcription factors is a large family of genes with various roles in plant development and adaptation but with very little functional information in plants other than Arabidopsis. Here, the characterization of an EAR motif-containing transcription factor, SlERF36, from tomato that affects stomatal density, conductance, and photosynthesis is described. Heterologous expression of SlERF36 under the CaMV35S promoter in tobacco leads to a 25-35% reduction in stomatal density but without any effect on stomatal size or sensitivity. Reduction in stomatal density leads to a marked reduction in stomatal conductance (42-56%) as well as transpiration and is associated with reduced CO₂ assimilation rates, reduction in growth, early flowering, and senescence. A prominent adaptive response of SlERF36 overexpressors is development of constitutively high non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) that might function as a protective measure to prevent damage from high excitation pressure. The high NPQ leads to markedly reduced light utilization and low electron transport rates even at low light intensities. Taken together, these data suggest that SlERF36 exerts a negative control over stomatal density and modulates photosynthesis and plant development through its direct or indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Upadhyay
- Plant Gene Expression Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Devendra K. Soni
- Department of Plant Physiology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Department of Plant Physiology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | | | - Uday V. Pathre
- Department of Plant Physiology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Pravendra Nath
- Plant Gene Expression Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Aniruddha P. Sane
- Plant Gene Expression Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow 226001, India
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KOZAI T. Resource use efficiency of closed plant production system with artificial light: concept, estimation and application to plant factory. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2013; 89:447-61. [PMID: 24334509 PMCID: PMC3881955 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.89.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has recently been conducted on plant factory with artificial light, which is one type of closed plant production system (CPPS) consisting of a thermally insulated and airtight structure, a multi-tier system with lighting devices, air conditioners and fans, a CO2 supply unit, a nutrient solution supply unit, and an environment control unit. One of the research outcomes is the concept of resource use efficiency (RUE) of CPPS.This paper reviews the characteristics of the CPPS compared with those of the greenhouse, mainly from the viewpoint of RUE, which is defined as the ratio of the amount of the resource fixed or held in plants to the amount of the resource supplied to the CPPS.It is shown that the use efficiencies of water, CO2 and light energy are considerably higher in the CPPS than those in the greenhouse. On the other hand, there is much more room for improving the light and electric energy use efficiencies of CPPS. Challenging issues for CPPS and RUE are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki KOZAI
- Japan Plant Factory Association, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: T. Kozai, Japan Plant Factory Association, c/o Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan (e-mail: )
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Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran P, Munehiro M, Omasa K. Relationships between the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and plant pigment indices at different leaf growth stages. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:261-271. [PMID: 22644476 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) for assessing plant photosynthetic performance throughout the plant life cycle. The relationships between PRI, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and leaf pigment indices in Solanum melongena L. (aubergine; eggplant) were studied using photosynthetic induction curves both in short-term (diurnal) and long-term (seasonal) periods under different light intensities. We found good correlations between PRI/non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and PRI/electron transport rate (ETR) in the short term at the same site of a single leaf but these relationships did not hold throughout the life of the plant. In general, changes in PRI owing to NPQ or ETR variations in the short term were <20 % of those that occurred with leaf aging. Results also showed that PRI was highly correlated to plant pigments, especially chlorophyll indices measured by spectral reflectance. Moreover, relationships of steady-state PRI/ETR and steady-state PRI/photochemical yield of photosystem II (Φ(PSII)) measured at uniform light intensity at different life stages proved that overall photosynthesis capacity and steady-state PRI were better correlated through chlorophyll content than NPQ and xanthophylls. The calibrated PRI index accommodated these pigments effects and gave better correlation with NPQ and ETR than PRI. Further studies of PRI indices based on pigments other than xanthophylls, and studies on PRI mechanisms in different species are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Rahimzadeh-Bajgiran
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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Guàrdia M, Fernàndez J, Elena G, Fleck I. Stomatal patchiness in the Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) under water stress in the nursery and in the forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:829-838. [PMID: 22539636 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The evergreen holm oak Quercus ilex L. is the most representative tree in Mediterranean forests. Accurate estimation of the limiting factors of photosynthesis for Q. ilex and the prediction of ecosystem water-use efficiency by mechanistic models can be achieved only by establishing whether this species shows heterogenic stomatal aperture, and, if so, the circumstances in which this occurs. Here, we collected gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence data in Q. ilex leaves from a nursery to measure the effects of stomatal oscillations on PSII quantum yield (Φ(PSII)) under water stress. Stomatal conductance (g(s)) was used as an integrative indicator of the degree of water stress. Images of chlorophyll fluorescence showed heterogeneous Φ(PSII) when g(s) was <50 mmol H(2)O m(-2) s(-1), representative of severe drought and corresponding to a container capacity <45%. Stomatal patchiness was related to a coefficient of variation (CV) of Φ(PSII) values >2.5%. A parallel study in the forest confirmed heterogeneous Φ(PSII) values in leaves in response to declining water availability. Three kinds of Q. ilex individuals were distinguished: those resprouting after a clear-cut (resprouts, R); intact individuals growing in the same clear-cut area as resprouts (controls, C); and intact individuals in a nearby, undisturbed area (forest controls, CF). Patchiness increased in C and CF in response to increasing drought from early May to late July, whereas in R, Φ(PSII) values were maintained as a result of their improved water relations since the pre-existing roots were associated with a smaller aerial biomass. Patchiness was related to a % CV of Φ(PSII) values >4 and associated in the summer with mean g(s) values of 30 mmol H(2)O m(-2) s(-1). Under milder drought in spring, Φ(PSII) patchiness was less strictly related to g(s) variations, pointing to biochemical limitants of photosynthesis. The occurrence of heterogenic photosynthesis caused by patchy stomatal closure in Q. ilex during severe drought should be taken into account in ecosystem modelling in which harsher water stress conditions associated with climate change are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Guàrdia
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Nichol CJ, Pieruschka R, Takayama K, F Rster B, Kolber Z, Rascher U, Grace J, Robinson SA, Pogson B, Osmond B. Canopy conundrums: building on the Biosphere 2 experience to scale measurements of inner and outer canopy photoprotection from the leaf to the landscape. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2012; 39:1-24. [PMID: 32480756 DOI: 10.1071/fp11255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognising that plant leaves are the fundamental productive units of terrestrial vegetation and the complexity of different environments in which they must function, this review considers a few of the ways in which these functions may be measured and potentially scaled to the canopy. Although canopy photosynthetic productivity is clearly the sum of all leaves in the canopy, we focus on the quest for 'economical insights' from measurements that might facilitate integration of leaf photosynthetic activities into canopy performance, to better inform modelling based on the 'insights of economics'. It is focussed on the reversible downregulation of photosynthetic efficiency in response to light environment and stress and summarises various xanthophyll-independent and dependent forms of photoprotection within the inner and outer canopy of woody plants. Two main themes are developed. First, we review experiments showing the retention of leaves that grow old in the shade may involve more than the 'payback times' required to recover the costs of their construction and maintenance. In some cases at least, retention of these leaves may reflect selection for distinctive properties that contribute to canopy photosynthesis through utilisation of sun flecks or provide 'back up' capacity following damage to the outer canopy. Second, we report experiments offering hope that remote sensing of photosynthetic properties in the outer canopy (using chlorophyll fluorescence and spectral reflectance technologies) may overcome problems of access and provide integrated measurements of these properties in the canopy as a whole. Finding appropriate tools to scale photosynthesis from the leaf to the landscape still presents a challenge but this synthesis identifies some measurements and criteria in the laboratory and the field that improve our understanding of inner and outer canopy processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Nichol
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Scotland, UK
| | - Roland Pieruschka
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG 2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kotaro Takayama
- Laboratory of Physiological Green Systems, Department of Biomechanical Systems, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Britta F Rster
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Zbigniew Kolber
- Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Uwe Rascher
- Institute for Bio- and Geosciences IBG 2: Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - John Grace
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- Institute for Conservation Biology and Ecosystem Management, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Barry Pogson
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Barry Osmond
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Sperdouli I, Moustakas M. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves under drought stress. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2012; 14:118-28. [PMID: 21972900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence imaging, we studied the effect of mild (MiDS), moderate (MoDS) and severe (SDS) drought stress on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry of 4-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in all chl fluorescence parameters was maintained throughout water stress. After exposure to drought stress, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F(v)/F(m)) and quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Φ(PSΙΙ)) decreased less in the proximal (base) than in the distal (tip) leaf. The chl fluorescence parameter F(v) /F(m) decreased less after MoDS than MiDS. Under MoDS, the antioxidant mechanism of A. thaliana leaves seemed to be sufficient in scavenging reactive oxygen species, as evident by the decreased lipid peroxidation, the more excitation energy dissipated by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and decreased excitation pressure (1-q(p)). Arabidopsis leaves appear to function normally under MoDS, but do not seem to have particular metabolic tolerance mechanisms under MiDS and SDS, as revealed by the level of lipid peroxidation and decreased quantum yield for dissipation after down-regulation in PSII (Φ(NPQ)), indicating that energy dissipation by down-regulation did not function and electron transport (ETR) was depressed. The simultaneous increased quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation (Φ(NO)) indicated that both the photochemical energy conversion and protective regulatory mechanism were insufficient. The non-uniform photosynthetic pattern under drought stress may reflect different zones of leaf anatomy and mesophyll development. The data demonstrate that the effect of different degrees of drought stress on A. thaliana leaves show spatio-temporal heterogeneity, implying that common single time point or single point leaf analyses are inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mishra KB, Iannacone R, Petrozza A, Mishra A, Armentano N, La Vecchia G, Trtílek M, Cellini F, Nedbal L. Engineered drought tolerance in tomato plants is reflected in chlorophyll fluorescence emission. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 182:79-86. [PMID: 22118618 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most important factors that limit crop productivity worldwide. In order to obtain tomato plants with enhanced drought tolerance, we inserted the transcription factor gene ATHB-7 into the tomato genome. This gene was demonstrated earlier to be up-regulated during drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana thus acting as a negative regulator of growth. We compared the performance of wild type and transgenic tomato line DTL-20, carrying ATHB-7 gene, under well-irrigated and water limited conditions. We found that transgenic plants had reduced stomatal density and stomatal pore size and exhibited an enhanced resistance to soil water deficit. We used the transgenic plants to investigate the potential of chlorophyll fluorescence to report drought tolerance in a simulated high-throughput screening procedure. Wild type and transgenic tomato plants were exposed to drought stress lasting 18 days. The stress was then terminated by rehydration after which recovery was studied for another 2 days. Plant growth, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during the entire experimental period. We found that water potential in wild type and drought tolerant transgenic plants diverged around day 11 of induced drought stress. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: the non-photochemical quenching, effective quantum efficiency of PSII, and the maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry yielded a good contrast between wild type and transgenic plants from day 7, day 12, and day 14 of induced stress, respectively. We propose that chlorophyll fluorescence emission reports well on the level of water stress and, thus, can be used to identify elevated drought tolerance in high-throughput screens for selection of resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Bandhu Mishra
- CzechGlobe - Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Zámek 136, 37333 Nové Hrady, Czech Republic.
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Konishi A, Eguchi A, Hosoi F, Omasa K. 3D monitoring spatio-temporal effects of herbicide on a whole plant using combined range and chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2009; 36:874-879. [PMID: 32688698 DOI: 10.1071/fp09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spatio-temporal effects of herbicide including 3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) on a whole melon (Cucumis melo L.) plant were three-dimensionally monitored using combined range and chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging. The herbicide was treated to soil in a pot and the changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence images of the plant were captured over time. The time series of chlorophyll fluorescence images were combined with 3D polygon model of the whole plant taken by a high-resolution portable scanning lidar. From the produced 3D chlorophyll fluorescence model, it was observed that the increase of chlorophyll fluorescence appeared along veins of leaves and gradually expanded to mesophylls. In addition, it was found by detailed analysis of the images that the invisible herbicide injury on the mature leaves occurred earlier and more severely than on the young and old leaves. The distance from veins, whole leaf area and leaf inclination influenced the extent of the injury within the leaves. These results indicated difference in uptake of herbicide in the plant from soil depends on structural parameters of leaves and the microenvironments as well as leaf age. The findings showed that 3D monitoring using combined range and chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging can be utilised for understanding spatio-temporal changes of herbicide effects on a whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Konishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Eguchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumiki Hosoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenji Omasa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Qiu GY, Omasa K, Sase S. An infrared-based coefficient to screen plant environmental stress: concept, test and applications. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2009; 36:990-997. [PMID: 32688710 DOI: 10.1071/fp09132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By introducing a reference dry leaf (a leaf without transpiration), a formerly proposed plant transpiration transfer coefficient (hat) was applied to detect environmental stress caused by water shortage and high temperature on melon, tomato and lettuce plants under various conditions. Results showed that there were obvious differences between leaf temperature, dry reference leaf temperature and air temperature. The proposed coefficient hat could integrate the three temperatures and quantitatively evaluate the environmental stress of plants. Experimental results showed that the water stress of melon plants under two irrigation treatments was clearly distinguished by using the coefficient. The water stress of a tomato plant as the soil dried under a controlled environmental condition was sensitively detected by using hat. A linear relationship between hat and conventional crop water stress index was revealed with a regression determination coefficient R2 = 0.97. Further, hat was used to detect the heat stress of lettuce plants under high air temperature conditions (28.7°C) with three root temperature treatments (21.5, 25.9 and 29.5°C). The canopy temperature under these treatments was respectively 26.44, 27.15 and 27.46°C and the corresponding hat value was -1.11, -0.74 and -0.59. Heat stress was also sensitively detected using hat. The main advantage of hat is its simplicity for use in infrared applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Yu Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kenji Omasa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sadanori Sase
- National Institute for Rural Engineering, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8609, Japan
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Tang J, Zielinski R, Aldea M, DeLucia E. Spatial association of photosynthesis and chemical defense in Arabidopsis thaliana following herbivory by Trichoplusia ni. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2009; 137:115-124. [PMID: 19656330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2009.01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because they share common precursors and require significant amounts of energy, photosynthesis and defense against herbivores and pathogens may be inversely related. This relationship was examined in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to herbivory by Trichoplusia ni neonates. The spatial pattern of photosynthesis was compared statistically with that of induction of the defense-related cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) gene across individual leaves exposed to herbivory in transgenic plants harboring a C4H:GUS gene fusion. In portions of the leaf where C4H:GUS expression was upregulated, photosynthesis was depressed, while non-photochemical quenching was increased, suggesting a trade-off between these two processes. However, photosynthetic damage spread further into surrounding areas than the induction of C4H:GUS expression. Photosynthetic depression was observed up to 1 mm from the edges of holes, whereas C4H:GUS induction typically was limited to about 0.5 mm or less from edges. Other mechanisms may be responsible for the spread of photosynthetic damage beyond where C4H-related defense was induced. Alternatively, C4H induction may reflect a subset of defensive responses more limited in their spatial distribution than the downregulation of photosynthesis. The suppression of photosynthesis in remaining leaf tissue represents a 'hidden cost' of herbivore damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Tang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Nabity PD, Zavala JA, DeLucia EH. Indirect suppression of photosynthesis on individual leaves by arthropod herbivory. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 103:655-63. [PMID: 18660492 PMCID: PMC2707346 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbivory reduces leaf area, disrupts the function of leaves, and ultimately alters yield and productivity. Herbivore damage to foliage typically is assessed in the field by measuring the amount of leaf tissue removed and disrupted. This approach assumes the remaining tissues are unaltered, and plant photosynthesis and water balance function normally. However, recent application of thermal and fluorescent imaging technologies revealed that alterations to photosynthesis and transpiration propagate into remaining undamaged leaf tissue. SCOPE AND CONCLUSIONS This review briefly examines the indirect effects of herbivory on photosynthesis, measured by gas exchange or chlorophyll fluorescence, and identifies four mechanisms contributing to the indirect suppression of photosynthesis in remaining leaf tissues: severed vasculature, altered sink demand, defence-induced autotoxicity, and defence-induced down-regulation of photosynthesis. We review the chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging techniques used to gather layers of spatial data and discuss methods for compiling these layers to achieve greater insight into mechanisms contributing to the indirect suppression of photosynthesis. We also elaborate on a few herbivore-induced gene-regulating mechanisms which modulate photosynthesis and discuss the difficult nature of measuring spatial heterogeneity when combining fluorescence imaging and gas exchange technology. Although few studies have characterized herbivore-induced indirect effects on photosynthesis at the leaf level, an emerging literature suggests that the loss of photosynthetic capacity following herbivory may be greater than direct loss of photosynthetic tissues. Depending on the damage guild, ignoring the indirect suppression of photosynthesis by arthropods and other organisms may lead to an underestimate of their physiological and ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Nabity
- Department of Plant Biology
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jorge A. Zavala
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Evan H. DeLucia
- Department of Plant Biology
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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35
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Omasa K, Konishi A, Tamura H, Hosoi F. 3D Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for the Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Chloroplasts in Intact Leaf Tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 50:90-105. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcn174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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36
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Morison JIL, Baker NR, Mullineaux PM, Davies WJ. Improving water use in crop production. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:639-58. [PMID: 17652070 PMCID: PMC2610175 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, agriculture accounts for 80-90% of all freshwater used by humans, and most of that is in crop production. In many areas, this water use is unsustainable; water supplies are also under pressure from other users and are being affected by climate change. Much effort is being made to reduce water use by crops and produce 'more crop per drop'. This paper examines water use by crops, taking particularly a physiological viewpoint, examining the underlying relationships between carbon uptake, growth and water loss. Key examples of recent progress in both assessing and improving crop water productivity are described. It is clear that improvements in both agronomic and physiological understanding have led to recent increases in water productivity in some crops. We believe that there is substantial potential for further improvements owing to the progress in understanding the physiological responses of plants to water supply, and there is considerable promise within the latest molecular genetic approaches, if linked to the appropriate environmental physiology. We conclude that the interactions between plant and environment require a team approach looking across the disciplines from genes to plants to crops in their particular environments to deliver improved water productivity and contribute to sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I L Morison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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Abstract
Photosynthesis depends on the diffusion of gaseous CO(2) inside the leaf spaces from the stomatal entry point to the mesophyll cell walls. Although most research considers only the vertical diffusion from stomata on upper and/or leaf lower surfaces, some of the gas will diffuse in the lateral (paradermal) direction. The importance of lateral CO(2) diffusion is reviewed, and the anatomical characteristics of leaves, including the variation of air space volume between species and conditions are discussed. The contribution of the air space conductance to the limitation of photosynthesis by the overall CO(2) diffusion pathway is usually ignored. However, the need to consider three-dimensional diffusion at the small scale of a few stomata is emphasized because stomata are discrete, and separated by 20-300 microm. At the large scale of 100s of micrometres, there may be barriers to CO(2) caused by the vascular tissue, particularly if there are bundle sheath extensions. The possible extent and controls on CO(2) lateral and vertical diffusion in different species and conditions are illustrated using chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging techniques. It is clear that there is a range of effective lateral permeabilities depending on the particular vascular patterns and cell arrangements, and that species cannot be simply divided into homobaric and heterobaric anatomies. Lateral diffusion in more permeable leaves can be sufficient to affect measurements of leaf gas exchange, particularly when fluxes are low, although its contribution to leaf photosynthesis in natural conditions needs clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I L Morison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
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Chaerle L, Leinonen I, Jones HG, Van Der Straeten D. Monitoring and screening plant populations with combined thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2007; 58:773-84. [PMID: 17189594 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erl257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging are powerful tools for the study of spatial and temporal heterogeneity of leaf transpiration and photosynthetic performance. The relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed. When combined, they can highlight pre-symptomatic responses not yet apparent in visual spectrum images and provide specific signatures for diagnosis of distinct diseases and abiotic stresses. In addition, their use for diagnosis and for selection for stomatal or photosynthetic mutants, these techniques can be applied for stress tolerance screening. For example, rapid screening for stomatal responses can be achieved by thermal imaging, while, combined with fluorescence imaging to study photosynthesis, they can potentially be used to derive leaf water use efficiency as a screening parameter. A particular advantage of imaging is that it allows continuous automated monitoring of dynamic spatial variation. Examples of applications include the study of growth and development of plant lines differing in stress resistance, yield, circadian clock-controlled responses, and the possible interactions between these parameters. In the future, such dual-imaging systems could be extended with complementary techniques such as hyperspectral and blue-green fluorescence imaging. This would result in an increased number of quantified parameters which will increase the power of stress diagnosis and the potential for screening of stress-tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Chaerle
- Unit of Plant Hormone Signalling and Bio-imaging, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Marenco RA, Siebke K, Farquhar GD, Ball MC. Hydraulically based stomatal oscillations and stomatal patchiness in Gossypium hirsutum. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2006; 33:1103-1113. [PMID: 32689321 DOI: 10.1071/fp06115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Slow stomatal oscillations (70-95 min), associated with feedback within the plant hydraulic systems, were studied in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Oscillations were only evident when the whole plant was exposed to light, and were not influenced by reductions in intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) in intact, attached leaves. Oscillations were synchronised among different leaves of the same plant, even when the leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (VPD) was reduced in a cuvette enclosing one of the leaves. In the trough phase of stomatal oscillations the apparent Ci was higher than expected from the combination of the observed assimilation rate and the A(Ci) relationship measured in the absence of oscillations. Using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging we found evidence of stomatal heterogeneity in this phase. Finally, we found that stomatal oscillations appeared to be correlated with xylem embolism, with more vessels filled with gas at the peak than at the troughs of stomatal oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Marenco
- Environmental Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Katharina Siebke
- Ecosystem Dynamics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Environmental Biology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Ecosystem Dynamics Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Aldea M, Frank TD, DeLucia EH. A method for quantitative analysis of spatially variable physiological processes across leaf surfaces. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 90:161-72. [PMID: 17211583 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-006-9119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many physiological processes are spatially variable across leaf surfaces. While maps of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, gene expression, water transport, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for individual leaves are readily obtained, analytical methods for quantifying spatial heterogeneity and combining information gathered from the same leaf but with different instruments are not widely used. We present a novel application of tools from the field of geographical imaging to the multivariate analysis of physiological images. Procedures for registration and resampling, cluster analysis, and classification provide a general framework for the analysis of spatially resolved physiological data. Two experiments were conducted to illustrate the utility of this approach. Quantitative analysis of images of chlorophyll fluorescence and the production of ROS following simultaneous exposure of soybean leaves to atmospheric O3 and soybean mosaic virus revealed that areas of the leaf where the operating quantum efficiency of PSII was depressed also experienced an accumulation of ROS. This correlation suggests a causal relationship between oxidative stress and inhibition of photosynthesis. Overlaying maps of leaf surface temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence following a photoinhibition treatment indicated that areas with low operating quantum efficiency of PSII also experienced reduced stomatal conductance (high temperature). While each of these experiments explored the covariance of two processes by overlaying independent images gathered with different instruments, the same procedures can be used to analyze the covariance of information from multiple images. The application of tools from geographic image analysis to physiological processes occurring over small spatial scales will help reveal the mechanisms generating spatial variation across leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Aldea
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Calatayud A, Roca D, Martínez PF. Spatial-temporal variations in rose leaves under water stress conditions studied by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2006; 44:564-73. [PMID: 17064922 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Spatial-temporal changes were examined by imaging chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence in four leaf areas, two central and two external of rose plants (Rosa x hybrida) cv. Grand Gala for 9 days, under progressive water stress. New fluorescence parameters based on the lake model have recently been used to determine Q(A) redox state and excitation energy fluxes in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that occur under drought stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence images showed a spatial variation in the leaves. The lower values for F(o), F(M), phi(2), q(P) and q(L) were found in the internal leaf area while higher values of non-photochemical quenching calculated from Stern-Volmer quenching (NPQ) and phi(NPQ). phi(Po) were more homogeneous throughout leaf. Temporal changes were also observed during the experiment, a 10% decrease in relative water content (RWC) (between day 1 and 2), led to a decrease in photochemical quenching and an increase in non-photochemical processes. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were more or less constant till day 8. At the end of the experiment (day 9), energy dissipation by downregulation, electron transport and Q(A) redox state, decreased and phi(NO) increased to compensate the change. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters based on the lake model q(L), phi(NPQ) and phi(NO) have been found more appropriate for estimating the fraction of open centres, the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in photosystem II (PSII) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in PSII, respectively. The F(s)/F(o) ratio is strongly correlated with NPQ and phi(NPQ) up to a RWC of 20%. This coincides with a greater decrease in photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching and an increase in phi(NO).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calatayud
- Department of Horticulture, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias I.V.I.A., Ctra. Moncada-Naquera km. 4.5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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Aldea M, Hamilton JG, Resti JP, Zangerl AR, Berenbaum MR, Frank TD, Delucia EH. Comparison of photosynthetic damage from arthropod herbivory and pathogen infection in understory hardwood saplings. Oecologia 2006; 149:221-32. [PMID: 16758220 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-006-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods and pathogens damage leaves in natural ecosystems and may reduce photosynthesis at some distance away from directly injured tissue. We quantified the indirect effects of naturally occurring biotic damage on leaf-level photosystem II operating efficiency (Phi(PSII)) of 11 understory hardwood tree species using chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal imaging. Maps of fluorescence parameters and leaf temperature were stacked for each leaf and analyzed using a multivariate method adapted from the field of quantitative remote sensing. Two tree species, Quercus velutina and Cercis canadensis, grew in plots exposed to ambient and elevated atmospheric CO(2) and were infected with Phyllosticta fungus, providing a limited opportunity to examine the potential interaction of this element of global change and biotic damage on photosynthesis. Areas surrounding damage had depressed Phi(PSII )and increased down-regulation of PSII, and there was no evidence of compensation in the remaining tissue. The depression of Phi(PSII) caused by fungal infections and galls extended >2.5 times further from the visible damage and was approximately 40% more depressed than chewing damage. Areas of depressed Phi(PSII) around fungal infections on oaks growing in elevated CO(2) were more than 5 times larger than those grown in ambient conditions, suggesting that this element of global change may influence the indirect effects of biotic damage on photosynthesis. For a single Q. velutina sapling, the area of reduced Phi(PSII) was equal to the total area directly damaged by insects and fungi. Thus, estimates based only on the direct effect of biotic agents may greatly underestimate their actual impact on photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Aldea
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Pieruschka R, Schurr U, Jensen M, Wolff WF, Jahnke S. Lateral diffusion of CO2 from shaded to illuminated leaf parts affects photosynthesis inside homobaric leaves. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2006; 169:779-87. [PMID: 16441758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gas exchange is generally regarded to occur between the leaf interior and ambient air, i.e. in vertical (anticlinal) directions of leaf blades. However, inside homobaric leaves, gas movement occurs also in lateral directions. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether lateral CO2 diffusion affects leaf photosynthesis when illuminated leaves are partially shaded. Measurements using gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging techniques were performed on homobaric leaves of Vicia faba and Nicotiana tabacum or on heterobaric leaves of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris. For homobaric leaves, gas exchange inside a clamp-on leaf chamber was affected by shading the leaf outside the chamber. The quantum yield of photosystem II (Phi(PSII)) was highest directly adjacent to a light/shade border (LSB). Phi(PSII) decreased in the illuminated leaf parts with distance from the LSB, while the opposite was observed for nonphotochemical quenching. These effects became most pronounced at low stomatal conductance. They were not observed in heterobaric leaves. The results suggest that plants with homobaric leaves can benefit from lateral CO2 flux, in particular when stomata are closed (e.g. under drought stress). This may enhance photosynthetic, instead of nonphotochemical, processes near LSBs in such leaves and reduce the photoinhibitory effects of excess light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Pieruschka
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre (ICG), Institut III: Phytosphäre, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Tang JY, Zielinski RE, Zangerl AR, Crofts AR, Berenbaum MR, Delucia EH. The differential effects of herbivory by first and fourth instars of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on photosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2006; 57:527-36. [PMID: 16377737 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erj032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different feeding behaviours of 1st and 4th instar Trichoplusia ni on photosynthesis of Arabidopsis thaliana var. Columbia was characterized using spatially resolved measurements of fluorescence and leaf temperature, as well as leaf gas exchange,. First instars made small holes with a large perimeter-to-area ratio and avoided veins, while 4th instars made large holes with a low perimeter-to-area ratio and consumed veins. Herbivory by 1st instars reduced photosynthesis more strongly in the remaining leaf tissue than that by 4th instars. Photosystem II operating efficiency (PhiPSII) was correlated with the rate of CO2 exchange, and reductions in PhiPSII in areas around the missing tissues contributed to a 15.6% reduction in CO2 assimilation on the first day following removal of 1st instars. The corresponding increases in non-photochemical quenching and greater rates of non-stomatal water loss from these regions, as well as the partial reversal of low PhiPSII by increasing the ambient CO2 concentration, suggests that localized water stress and reduced stomatal conductance contributed to the inhibition of photosynthesis. Damage by 1st but not 4th instars reduced the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm) by 4-8%. While herbivory by both 1st and 4th instars increased dark respiration rates, the rates were too low to have contributed to the observed reductions in CO2 exchange. The small holes produced by 1st instars may have isolated patches of tissue from the vascular system thereby contributing to localized water stress. Since neither 1st nor 4th instar herbivory had a detectable effect on the expression of the Rubisco small subunit gene, the observed differences cannot be attributed to changes in expression of this gene. The mode of feeding by different instars of T. ni determined the photosynthetic response to herbivory, which appeared to be mediated by the level of water stress associated with herbivore damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Y Tang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 265 Morrill Hall, 505 S Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801-3707, USA
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Chaerle L, Saibo N, Van Der Straeten D. Tuning the pores: towards engineering plants for improved water use efficiency. Trends Biotechnol 2005; 23:308-15. [PMID: 15922083 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The management of limited fresh water resources is a major challenge facing society in the 21st century. The agricultural sector accounts for more than two-thirds of human water withdrawal and is therefore a prime area to implement a more rational water use. Environmental stresses are a major factor limiting stable food production. Given the growing shortage of available water for crops this will be an emerging factor in international agricultural economy. The most environmentally friendly and durable solution to the problem of water shortage is to complement more efficient irrigation approaches with crops with optimal water use efficiency, achieved either through genetic engineering or conventional breeding, combined with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chaerle
- Unit Plant Hormone Signaling and Bio-imaging, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Endo R, Omasa K. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging of individual algal cells: effects of herbicide on Spirogyra distenta at different growth stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2004; 38:4165-4168. [PMID: 15352456 DOI: 10.1021/es035375+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Serious environmental degradation of aquatic ecosystems has been caused by eutrophication and by pollutants such as herbicides. Therefore, measurement of in situ algal photosynthetic activity is important for environmental monitoring. With ordinary nonimaging fluorometers, algal chlorophyll fluorescence can be measured easily, but heterogeneity within samples cannot be detected. Effects of a herbicide preparation containing 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 -dimethylurea (DCMU) on photosynthetic activity at different growth stages of Spirogyra distenta were investigated by using a computer-aided microscopic imaging system for chlorophyll afluorescence. Photosystem II photochemical yield (phiPSII) images were used to diagnose photosynthetic activity of spiral filate chloroplasts in algal cells. The herbicide treatment caused a stronger decline in phiPSII values in younger than in mature algae cells. This result indicated that heterogeneity within algal samples should be considered when algae are used for environmental monitoring. Thus, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence from young and mature chloroplasts with a microscopic imaging system makes it possible to improve the sensitivity for monitoring the environmental degradation of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Endo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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