1
|
Beckett RP, Roach T, Minibayeva F, Werth S. Alternative electron transport pathways contribute to tolerance to high light stress in lichenized algae. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13904. [PMID: 37002828 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus of lichen photobionts has been well-characterized by chlorophyll fluorescence analysis (e.g., by pulse amplitude modulation [PAM]), which provides a proxy of the activity of photosystem II (PSII) and its antenna. However, such kinetics are unable to directly characterize photosystem I (PSI) activity and the associated alternative electron pathways that may be involved in photoprotection. Instead, PSI can be probed in vivo by near-infrared absorption, measured at the same time as standard chlorophyll fluorescence (e.g., using the WALZ Dual PAM). Here, we used the Dual PAM to investigate cyclic electron flow and photoprotection in a range of mostly temperate lichens sampled from shaded to more open microhabitats. Sun species displayed lower acceptor side limitation of PSI (Y[NA]) early in illumination when compared to shade species, indicative of higher flavodiiron-mediated pseudocyclic electron flow. In response to high irradiance, some lichens accumulate melanin, and Y[NA] was lower and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH-2)-type cyclic flow was higher in melanised than pale forms. Furthermore, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was higher and faster relaxing in shade than sun species, while all lichens displayed high rates of photosynthetic cyclic electron flow. In conclusion, our data suggest that (1) low acceptor side limitation of PSI is important for sun-exposed lichens; (2) NPQ helps shade species tolerate brief exposure to high irradiance; and (3) cyclic electron flow is a prominent feature of lichens regardless of habitat, although NDH-2-type flow is associated with high light acclimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Peter Beckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, South Africa
- Open Lab 'Biomarker', Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Farida Minibayeva
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Silke Werth
- Faculty of Biology Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sandoval-Gil JM, Ruiz JM, Marín-Guirao L. Advances in understanding multilevel responses of seagrasses to hypersalinity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105809. [PMID: 36435174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human- and nature-induced hypersaline conditions in coastal systems can lead to profound alterations of the structure and vitality of seagrass meadows and their socio-ecological benefits. In the last two decades, recent research efforts (>50 publications) have contributed significantly to unravel the physiological basis underlying the seagrass-hypersalinity interactions, although most (∼70%) are limited to few species (e.g. Posidonia oceanica, Zostera marina, Thalassia testudinum, Cymodocea nodosa). Variables related to photosynthesis and carbon metabolism are among the most prevalent in the literature, although other key metabolic processes such as plant water relations and responses at molecular (i.e. gene expression) and ultrastructure level are attracting attention. This review emphasises all these latest insights, offering an integrative perspective on the interplay among biological responses across different functional levels (from molecular to clonal structure), and their interaction with biotic/abiotic factors including those related to climate change. Other issues such as the role of salinity in driving the evolutionary trajectory of seagrasses, their acclimation mechanisms to withstand salinity increases or even the adaptive properties of populations that have historically lived under hypersaline conditions are also included. The pivotal role of the costs and limits of phenotypic plasticity in the successful acclimation of marine plants to hypersalinity is also discussed. Finally, some lines of research are proposed to fill the remaining knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Sandoval-Gil
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas (IIO), Marine Botany Research Group, Ensenada, Baja California, 22860, Mexico
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), C/ Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), C/ Varadero s/n, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Contreras-Porcia L, Meynard A, Piña F, Kumar M, Lovazzano C, Núñez A, Flores-Molina MR. Desiccation Stress Tolerance in Porphyra and Pyropia Species: A Latitudinal Analysis along the Chilean Coast. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:12. [PMID: 36616141 PMCID: PMC9824847 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important factors regulating the distribution and abundance of seaweeds is desiccation, triggered mainly by tidal changes and climatic variation. Porphyra and Pyropia species have evolved multiple strategies to tolerate desiccation stress; however, how these tolerance strategies differ in these species inhabiting different latitudes is still unknown. In this context, we analyzed, in situ, the physiological responses of these species (collected from 18° S to 41° S along the Chilean coast) to desiccation stress using biochemical and molecular analyses. The hyper-arid terrestrial climate of northern Chile, with high evaporation and lack of constant rain determines a very steep increase in desiccation stress in the upper intertidal during low tide for these species. Accordingly, the results showed that, in comparison with the southernmost populations, the Porphyra/Pyropia species from the north zone of Chile (18°-30° S) exhibited higher contents of lipoperoxide and carbonyls (1.6-1.9 fold) together with higher enzymatic activities, including ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxiredoxin, and thioredoxin (2-3-fold). In addition, a substantial expression of cat, prx, and trx transcripts during desiccation was demonstrated, mainly in the northernmost populations. These results provide evidence of (i) significant activation of antioxidant enzymes and transcripts (principally cat and prx); (ii) participation of phenolic antioxidant compounds as a highly plastic physiological strategy to cope with desiccation; and (iii) the activation of the tolerance responses was affected by species latitudinal distribution. Thus, for the first time, this study integrated the biochemical and genetic responses of diverse Porphyra/Pyropia species to better understand their physiological dynamics of tolerance over a wide latitudinal range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370251, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Andrés Meynard
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370251, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Florentina Piña
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370251, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carlos Lovazzano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alejandra Núñez
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370251, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| | - María Rosa Flores-Molina
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago 8370251, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2531015, Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Instituto Milenio en Socio-Ecología Costera (SECOS), Santiago 8370251, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang S, Wufuer R, Duo J, Li W, Pan X. Cadmium Caused Different Toxicity to Photosystem I and Photosystem II of Freshwater Unicellular Algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Chlorophyta). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070352. [PMID: 35878257 PMCID: PMC9323598 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals such as Cd pose environmental problems and threats to a variety of organisms. The effects of cadmium (Cd) on the growth and activities of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were studied. The growth rate of cells treated with 25 and 100 µM of Cd for longer than 48 h were significantly lower than the control, accompanying with the inhibition of photosynthesis. The result of quantum yields and electron transport rates (ETRs) in PSI and PSII showed that Cd had a more serious inhibition on PSII than on PSI. Cd decreased the efficiency of PSII to use the energy under high light with increasing Cd concentration. In contrast, the quantum yield of PSI did not show a significant difference among different Cd treatments. The activation of cyclic electron flow (CEF) and the inhibition of linear electron flow (LEF) due to Cd treatment were observed. The photochemical quantum yield of PSI and the tolerance of ETR of PSI to Cd treatments were due to the activation of CEF around PSI. The activation of CEF also played an important role in induction of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The binding features of Cd ions and photosystem particles showed that Cd was easier to combine with PSII than PSI, which may explain the different toxicity of Cd on PSII and PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Wang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Rehemanjiang Wufuer
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jia Duo
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 818 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China; (S.W.); (R.W.); (J.D.)
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (X.P.); Tel.: +86-991-7823-147 (W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guan C, Zhao X, Qu T, Zhong Y, Hou C, Lin Z, Xu J, Tang X, Wang Y. Physiological functional traits explain morphological variation of Ulva prolifera during the drifting of green tides. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8504. [PMID: 35136557 PMCID: PMC8809434 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulva prolifera green tides, one of the greatest marine ecological disasters, originate in the southern Yellow Sea of China and obtain the highest biomass in Haizhou Bay (latitude around 35° N) during northward drift. U. prolifera shows different morphologies from southern Haizhou Bay (SH) to northern Haizhou Bay (NH). Owing to the distinct nutrient environments between SH and NH, we hypothesized that thalli in NH with poor nutrients increased the surface area to volume ratio (SA:VOL) to better absorb nutrients. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the SA:VOL of thalli in SH and NH. The results showed that the thalli in NH had a lower SA:VOL than those in SH, and SA:VOL had positive relationships with temperature and nutrients, contrary to the general hypothesis. The novel results suggested that morphological differences of U. prolifera were the result of developmental state rather than environmental acclimation. Indicators of reproduction (reproductive allocation ratio) were negatively related to variation in tissue contents of C, N, P, and crude protein, whereas indicators of growth (tissue contents of C, N, P, and crude protein) showed significant positive influences on SA:VOL. The results indicated that a trade-off relationship between reproduction and growth existed in the northward drift. All the results suggested that physiological functional traits affected morphological variation of U. prolifera in different environmental conditions during the drifting of green tides. This study presents new insights into the opportunist species nature of U. prolifera through morphological variation and associated functional consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guan
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental ScienceQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Chengzong Hou
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Zhihao Lin
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Jinhui Xu
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental ScienceQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental ScienceQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kona R, Mohan SV. Draft genome analysis, poly-phasic study and lipid biosynthesis pathway of Scenedesmus sp. SVMIICT1. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125809. [PMID: 34479141 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive polyphasic evaluation of a microalgal isolate Scenedesmus sp. SVMIICT1 through morphological, biochemical, photosynthetic characterization, next-generation sequencing and lipid pathway analysis was reported. The strain was cultivated photo-autotrophically, where the maximum photosynthetic yield (FV/FM) of 0.75 was observed on the 4th day with optimal PSII photochemical efficiency. Enhanced electron transport rate (ETR(I)) with inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) resulted in cyclic electron flow. A fair share of carbohydrate content (36 µg/mg) was ascribed to the presence of pyrenoid towards higher CO2 sequestration pursuant to carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM). Denovo sequencing of the genome was assembled, annotated for the prediction of gene and protein. KEGG automatic annotation server (KAAS) analysis depicted the presence of genes accompanying the biosynthesis of the glycerophospholipid pathway. Fatty acid profile represented a higher fraction of palmitic acid (C16:0; 41.6%) followed by alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3; 44.5%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kona
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences (BEES) Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vasconcelos JB, Vasconcelos ERTPP, Urrea-Victoria V, Bezerra PS, Cocentino ALM, Navarro DMAF, Chow F, Fujii MT. Environmental Stress Tolerance and Antioxidant Response of Palisada perforata (Rhodophyta) from a Tropical Reef 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1045-1058. [PMID: 33624289 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the intertidal seaweed Palisada perforata collected from different reef microhabitats (sheltered site, tide pool, plateau, and exposed site) along the coast of Pernambuco (Brazil). Both parameters were compared with the same parameters of this species grown in the laboratory under two experiments simulating temperature, salinity, and desiccation conditions found in the reef. After both experiments (temperature x salinity and desiccation), the algal photosynthetic performance was measured through chlorophyll fluorescence parameters using a pulse-amplitude modulation fluorometer to test their stress response. Palisada perforata likely underwent stress by desiccation due to tidal fluctuations rather than to temperature or salinity changes. This conclusion agrees with our observations of the plateau site´s specimens, which were exposed to both air and UV radiation during low tides and exhibited higher antioxidant activity to avoid oxidative damage. However, despite the environmental stress, the antioxidant activity remained low, suggesting that photoinhibition is a crucial protection mechanism against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane B Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Macroalgas, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Arquitetura, s/n°, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Edson R T P P Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Macroalgas, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Arquitetura, s/n°, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Urrea-Victoria
- Laboratório de Algas Marinhas "Édison José de Paula", Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Bezerra
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes s/n°, Recife, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Adilma L M Cocentino
- Laboratório de Macroalgas, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Arquitetura, s/n°, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Daniela M A F Navarro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes s/n°, Recife, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - Fungyi Chow
- Laboratório de Algas Marinhas "Édison José de Paula", Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mutue T Fujii
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, Instituto de Botânica, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, São Paulo, 04301-012, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Figueroa FL, Bonomi-Barufi J, Celis-Plá PSM, Nitschke U, Arenas F, Connan S, Abreu MH, Malta EJ, Conde-Álvarez R, Chow F, Mata MT, Meyerhoff O, Robledo D, Stengel DB. Short-term effects of increased CO2, nitrate and temperature on photosynthetic activity in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) estimated by different pulse amplitude modulated fluorometers and oxygen evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:491-509. [PMID: 33064811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term effects of pCO2 (700-380 ppm; High carbon (HC) and Low carbon (LC), respectively) and nitrate content (50-5 µM; High nitrogen (HN) and Low nitrogen (LN), respectively on photosynthesis were investigated in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) under solar radiation (in-situ) and in the laboratory under artificial light (ex-situ). After six days of incubation at ambient temperature (AT), algae were subjected to a 4 °C temperature increase (AT+4 °C) for 3 d. Both in-situ and ex-situ maximal electron transport rate (ETRmax) and in situ gross photosynthesis (GP), measured by O2 evolution, presented highest values under HCHN, and lowest under HCLN, across all measuring systems. Maximal quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and ETRmax of photosystem (PS) II [ETR(II)max] and PSI [ETR(I)max], decreased under HCLN at AT+4 °C. Ex situ ETR was higher than in situ ETR. At noon, Fv/Fm decreased (indicating photoinhibition), whereas ETR(II)max and maximal non-photochemical quenching (NPQmax) increased. ETR(II)max decreased under AT+ 4 °C in contrast to Fv/Fm, photosynthetic efficiency (α ETR) and saturated irradiance (EK). Thus, U. rigida exhibited a decrease in photosynthesis under acidification, changing LN, and AT+4 °C. These results emphasize the importance of studying the interaction between environmental parameters using in-situ versus ex-situ conditions, when aiming to evaluate the impact of global change on marine macroalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix L Figueroa
- Malaga University. Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus universitario de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jose Bonomi-Barufi
- Botany department, Federal University of Santa Catarina. Campus Trindade s/n, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula S M Celis-Plá
- Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Research, Center of Advances Studies. University of Playa Ancha. Traslaviña, Viña del Mar, Chile
- Hub Ambiental UPLA, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Postgrado e Innovación, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Udo Nitschke
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Francisco Arenas
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, Porto, Portugal
| | - Solene Connan
- CNRS, GEPEA, UMR6144, Boulevard de l'Université, CRTT BP, Saint Nazaire Cedex, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Lemar, Plouzane, France
| | | | - Erik-J Malta
- Centro IFAPA Agua del Pino, Crtra. El Rómpido - Punta Umbría, Cartaya (Huelva), Spain
| | - Rafael Conde-Álvarez
- Malaga University. Institute of Blue Biotechnology and Development (IBYDA), Ecology department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus universitario de Teatinos s/n, Malaga, Spain
| | - Fungyi Chow
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Mata
- Centro de Bioinnovación Antofagasta (CBIA), Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources, Antofagasta University, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - O Meyerhoff
- Heinz Walz GmbH Eichenring 6 - 91090 Effeltrich, Germany
| | - Daniel Robledo
- CIVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Mérida Km6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso Apartado Postal Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao Y, Qu T, Guan C, Zhao X, Hou C, Tang X, Wang Y. Competitive advantages of Ulva prolifera from Pyropia aquaculture rafts in Subei Shoal and its implication for the green tide in the Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111353. [PMID: 32658704 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physiological characteristics of Ulva prolifera and Blidingia sp. during two pre-bloom stages (March & May) were compared to evaluate the competitive advantage of U. prolifera on Pyropia aquaculture rafts in Subei Shoal. (1) Compared to Blidingia sp., U. prolifera had a lower growth rate, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and antioxidant capacity in March. (2) In May, various indicators of U. prolifera's physiological function improved significantly, while the antioxidant capacity of Blidingia sp. decreased significantly. Large lipidic globules in U. prolifera cells became scattered small lipidic globules in May, which indicated a decrease in lipid membrane peroxidation. (3) In U. prolifera, the ratio of buoyancy to gravity of per unit volume was 1.73, and the bubbles inside the thalli provided 60% of the total buoyancy. Buoyancy generated by the inflatable structure of U. prolifera allowed this species to float after being separated from the rafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chen Guan
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chengzong Hou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Papathanasiou V, Kariofillidou G, Malea P, Orfanidis S. Effects of air exposure on desiccation and photosynthetic performance of Cymodocea nodosa with and without epiphytes and Ulva rigida in comparison, under laboratory conditions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 158:104948. [PMID: 32217296 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The seagrass Cymodocea nodosa and the chlorophyte Ulva rigida growing in the upper sublittoral zones of the Mediterranean Sea are exposed to air during low tides. We compared the desiccation coefficient (k), and the photosynthetic performance (ΔF/Fm') of C. nodosa leaves with and without epiphytes to that of U. rigida. The recovery ability of these two species was assessed by ΔF/Fm', after re-immersion. The desiccation coefficient (k) significantly (p < 0.01) varied among the three macrophyte materials, while the lowest k values were measured both in C. nodosa leaves with epiphytes and U. rigida. ΔF/Fm' significantly declined with decreasing RWC for all materials, while significant differences in the physiological response were observed between U. rigida and the other two materials. Thallus pieces of U. rigida showed higher desiccation tolerance compared to C. nodosa leaves, with its ΔF/Fm' under 75% degree of dehydration reaching to its initial values thirty (30) minutes after re-immersion, when C. nodosa only reached the 50%. This study provides valuable information on possible changes in the two species distribution under different desiccation scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Papathanasiou
- Fisheries Research Institute (HAO-DEMETER), 640 07, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece
| | - G Kariofillidou
- Fisheries Research Institute (HAO-DEMETER), 640 07, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece; Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - S Orfanidis
- Fisheries Research Institute (HAO-DEMETER), 640 07, Nea Peramos, Kavala, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou L, Gao S, Huan L, Wu S, Wang G, Gu W. Enzyme activities suggest that the NAD-ME C4 type CCM exist in Ulva sp. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Gao S, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wang G. Slow zeaxanthin accumulation and the enhancement of CP26 collectively contribute to an atypical non-photochemical quenching in macroalga Ulva prolifera under high light. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:393-403. [PMID: 31849051 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants, which dissipates excess energy and further protects the photosynthetic apparatus under high light stress. NPQ can be dissected into a number of components: qE, qZ, and qI. In general, NPQ is catalyzed by two independent mechanisms, with the faster-activated quenching catalyzed by the monomeric light-harvesting complex (LHCII) proteins and the slowly activated quenching catalyzed by LHCII trimers, both processes depending on zeaxanthin but to different extent. Here, we studied the NPQ of the intertidal green macroalga, Ulva prolifera, and found that the NPQ of U. prolifera lack the faster-activated quenching, and showed much greater sensitivity to dithiothreitol (DTT) than to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Further results suggested that the monomeric LHC proteins in U. prolifera included only CP29 and CP26, but lacked CP24, unlike Arabidopsis thaliana and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, the expression levels of CP26 increased significantly following exposure to high light, but the concentrations of the two important photoprotective proteins (PsbS and light-harvesting complex stress-related [LhcSR]) did not change upon the same conditions. Analysis of the xanthophyll cycle pigments showed that, upon exposure to high light, zeaxanthin synthesis in U. prolifera was gradual and much slower than that in P. patens, and could effectively be inhibited by DTT. Based on these results, we speculate the enhancement of CP26 and slow zeaxanthin accumulation provide an atypical NPQ, making this green macroalga well adapted to the intertidal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fang Y, Jiang Z, Zhao C, Li L, Ranvilage CIPM, Liu S, Wu Y, Huang X. Efficient Heat Dissipation and Cyclic Electron Flow Confer Daily Air Exposure Tolerance in the Intertidal Seagrass Halophila beccarii Asch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:571627. [PMID: 33329629 PMCID: PMC7733926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.571627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses inhabiting the intertidal zone experience periodically repeated cycles of air exposure and rehydration. However, little is known about the photoprotective mechanisms in photosystem (PS)II and PSI, as well as changes in carbon utilization upon air exposure. The photoprotective processes upon air exposure in Halophila beccarii Asch., an endangered seagrass species, were examined using the Dual-PAM-100 and non-invasive micro-test technology. The results showed that air exposure enhanced non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in both PSII and PSI, with a maximum increase in NPQ and Y(ND) (which represents the fraction of overall P700 that is oxidized in a given state) of 23 and 57%, respectively, resulting in intensive thermal energy dissipation of excess optical energy. Moreover, cyclic electron transport driven by PSI (CEF) was upregulated, reflected by a 50 and 22% increase in CEF and maximum electron transport rate in PSI to compensate for the abolished linear electron transport with significant decreases in pmfLEF (the proton motive force [pmf]) attributable solely to proton translocation by linear electron flow [LEF]). Additionally, H+ fluxes in mesophyll cells decreased steadily with increased air exposure time, exhibiting a maximum decrease of six-fold, indicating air exposure modified carbon utilization by decreasing the proton pump influxes. These findings indicate that efficient heat dissipation and CEF confer daily air exposure tolerance to the intertidal seagrass H. beccarii and provide new insights into the photoprotective mechanisms of intertidal seagrasses. This study also helps explain the extensive distribution of H. beccarii in intertidal zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijian Jiang,
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources Environment and Planning, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Linglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chanaka Isuranga Premarathne Maha Ranvilage
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaoping Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Acid treatment combined with high light leads to increased removal efficiency of Ulva prolifera. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
15
|
Cruces E, Rautenberger R, Cubillos VM, Ramírez-Kushel E, Rojas-Lillo Y, Lara C, Montory JA, Gómez I. Interaction of Photoprotective and Acclimation Mechanisms in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) in Response to Diurnal Changes in Solar Radiation in Southern Chile. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1011-1027. [PMID: 31222742 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are regarded as opportunistic organisms, which efficiently adjust their metabolism to the prevailing environmental conditions. In this study, changes in chlorophyll-a fluorescence-based photoinhibition of photosynthesis, electron transport rates, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant metabolism were investigated during a diurnal cycle of natural solar radiation in summer (for 12 h) under two treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400-700 nm) and PAR+ ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280-700 nm). In the presence of PAR alone, Ulva rigida showed dynamic photoinhibition, and photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentrations decreased with the intensification of the radiation. On the other hand, under PAR+UV conditions a substantial decline up to 43% was detected and an incomplete fluorescence recovery, also, P-I curve values remained low in relation to the initial condition. The phenolic compounds increased their concentration only in UV radiation treatments without showing a correlation with the antioxidant activity. The enzimatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased over 2-fold respect at initial values during the onset of light intensity. In contrast, catalase (CAT) increased its activity rapidly in response to the radiation stress to reach maxima at 10 a.m. and decreasing during solar. The present study suggests that U. rigida is capable of acclimating to natural radiation stress relies on a concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that act at different times of the day and under different levels of environmental stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cruces
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Atacama, Chile
| | - Ralf Rautenberger
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Department of Algae Production, Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kudalsveien 6, 8027, Bodø, Norway
| | - Víctor Mauricio Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Eduardo Ramírez-Kushel
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yesenia Rojas-Lillo
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago, 8370854, Chile
| | - Carlos Lara
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, 8370993, Chile
| | | | - Iván Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Research Center FONDAP Dynamic of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems de (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng Z, Gao S, Wang G. High salt stress in the upper part of floating mats of Ulva prolifera, a species that causes green tides, enhances non-photochemical quenching. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:1041-1049. [PMID: 31062364 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress factor that can induce many adverse effects on photosynthetic organisms. Plants and algae have developed several mechanisms that help them respond to adverse environments. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is one of these mechanisms. The thalli of algae in the intertidal zone that are attached to rocks can be subjected to salt stress for a short period of time due to the rise and fall of the tide. Ulva prolifera causes green tides and can form floating mats when green tides occur and the upper part of the thalli is subjected to high salt stress for a long period of time. In this study, we compared the Ulva prolifera photosynthetic activities and NPQ kinetics when it is subjected to different salinities over various periods of time. Thalli exposed to a salinity of 90 for 4 d showed enhanced NPQ, and photosynthetic activities decreased from 60 min after exposure up to 4 d. This indicated that the induction of NPQ in Ulva prolifera under salt stress was closely related to the stressing extent and stressing time. The enhanced NPQ in the treated samples exposed for 4 d may explain why the upper layer of the floating mats formed by Ulva prolifera thalli were able to survive in the harsh environment. Further inhibitor experiments demonstrated that the enhanced NPQ was xanthophyll cycle and transthylakoid proton gradient-dependent. However, photosystem II subunit S and light-harvesting complex stress-related protein didn't over accumulate and may not be responsible for the enhanced NPQ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Species composition, diversity, and distribution of the genus Ulva along the coast of Jeju Island, Korea based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219958. [PMID: 31335918 PMCID: PMC6650058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Species diversity in the genus Ulva remains understudied worldwide. Using molecular analyses we investigated the species composition, diversity, distribution, and relative frequencies of the genus Ulva along the entire coast of Jeju Island, off the southern tip of Korea. Species identification was performed for 215 samples collected from 23 sites, based on comprehensive phylogenetic and model-based species delimitation analyses using the sequences of two molecular markers, chloroplast elongation factor Tu (tufA) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS). We identified 193 specimens as nine Ulva species, 14 specimens as Blidingia spp., and eight samples undetermined, based on the combined analysis of tufA and ITS phylogenies. Two model-based approaches generally supported nine groups of Ulva species. Previously documented species complex, such as U. ohnoi-U. spinulosa and U. procera-U. linza showed discordant relationships between the two phylogenies. The occurrence of U. torta on Jeju Island was first observed, despite its existence on the mainland previously reported. Ulva australis [16 of 23 sites; 34.4% (relative frequency)], U. ohnoi (16; 21.9%), and U. procera (11; 14%) were found to be the predominant species. Our study highlights that molecular analysis is critical for species delimitation in the genus Ulva and provides fundamental information for an understanding of green-tide assemblages on the "biological hotspot" coastal ecosystem, Jeju Island in Korea. This study will also help to monitor and manage local green tides at the areas that are currently encountering rapid climate changes.
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh P, Khadim R, Singh AK, Singh U, Maurya P, Tiwari A, Asthana RK. Biochemical and physiological characterization of a halotolerant Dunaliella salina isolated from hypersaline Sambhar Lake, India. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:60-73. [PMID: 30118147 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize intrinsic physiological and biochemical properties of the wall-less unicellular cholorophyte Dunaliella salina isolated from a hypersaline Sambhar Lake. The strain grew optimally at 0.5 M NaCl and 16:8 h L:D photoperiod along with maintaining low level of intracellular Na+ even at higher salinity, emphasizing special features of its cell membranes. It was observed that the cells experienced stress beyond 2 M NaCl as evidenced by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and antioxidative enzymes, nevertheless proline and malondialdehyde content declined sharply accompanied by higher neutral lipid accumulation. Salinity exceeding 2 M resulted decrease in photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and enhanced glycerol synthesis accompanied by leakage. Super oxide dismutase seemed to play a pivotal role in antioxidative defense as eight isoforms were expressed differentially while catalase and glutathione peroxidase showing no significant change in their expression at higher salinity. The ability of D. salina to grow in range of salinities by sustaining healthy photosynthetic apparatus along with accumulation of valuable products made this alga an ideal organism that can be exploited as resource for biofuel and commercial products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Lab, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Riyazat Khadim
- R. N. Singh Memorial Lab, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Ankit K Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Lab, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Urmilesh Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Lab, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- R. N. Singh Memorial Lab, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anupam Tiwari
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ravi K Asthana
- R. N. Singh Memorial Lab, Centre of Advanced study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao X, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Qu T, Jiang Y, Tang X, Wang Y. Cooperation Between Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Systems: An Important Factor in the Adaptation of Ulva prolifera to Abiotic Factors on the Sea Surface. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:648. [PMID: 31178877 PMCID: PMC6537605 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale green tides have occurred continuously in the Yellow Sea of China from 2007 to 2018, and the causative species of the Yellow Sea green tide (YSGT) is Ulva prolifera. The thalli form floated thallus mats, and the thalli from different layers of the thallus mat suffer significantly different environmental conditions. In the present study, the environmental conditions of the surface layer (SL), middle layer (ML), and lower layer (LL) of the thallus mat from mid-June (Stage I) to mid-July (Stage II) were simulated. Photosynthetic traits and antioxidant systems were measured. The results showed that (1) photoprotective [non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and cyclic electron transport (CEF)] and antioxidant systems both play important roles in protecting against abiotic factors in U. prolifera. (2) Cooperation between NPQ and CEF was observed in the ML group; CEF and the antioxidant system in the SL group work synergistically to protect the thalli. Furthermore, an inferred spatiotemporal attribute regarding the YSGT is presented: the significant changes in abiotic factors on the sea surface can easily affect the thalli of SL and ML from mid-June to mid-July, and those of LL can be affected in mid-July. This cooperation combined with the spatiotemporal attributes offers an explanation for the annual occurrence of the YSGT. HIGHLIGHTS -Adaptive mechanisms of Ulva prolifera against abiotic factors. -Cooperation between photosynthetic and antioxidant systems. -Spatiotemporal attributes regarding the Yellow Sea green tide are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexi Tang, Ying Wang,
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexi Tang, Ying Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gao S, Chi Z, Chen H, Zheng Z, Weng Y, Wang G. A Supercomplex, of Approximately 720 kDa and Composed of Both Photosystem Reaction Centers, Dissipates Excess Energy by PSI in Green Macroalgae Under Salt Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:166-175. [PMID: 30295873 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoid membranes of plants play a critical role in electron transfer and energy fixation, and are highly dynamic. So far, studies on the thylakoid membranes have mainly focused on microalgae and higher plants, yet very little information is available on the macroalgal thylakoids. Here, we studied the structure and organization of the thylakoid membranes in Ulva prolifera, a representative species of the green macroalgae. We found that U. prolifera had few but long loosely stacked membranes which lack the conventional grana found in higher plants. However, the thylakoid membrane complexes demonstrate lateral heterogeneity. Moreover, we found a supercomplex composed of PSII, light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and PSI from U. prolifera under salt stress. The supercomplex is approximately 720 kDa, and includes the two important photoprotection proteins, the PSII S subunit (PsbS) and the light-harvesting complex stress-related protein (LhcSR), as well as xanthophyll cycle pigments (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin). Time-resolved fluorescence analysis suggested that, in the supercomplex, excitation energy could efficiently be transferred from PSII to PSI, even when PSII was inhibited, a function which disappeared when the supercomplex was incubated in mild detergent. We suggest that the supercomplex might be an important mechanism to dissipate excess energy by PSI in green macroalgae under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Chi
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao J, Jiang P, Qiu R, Ma Y, Wu C, Fu H, Chen H, Li F. The Yellow Sea green tide: A risk of macroalgae invasion. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 77:11-17. [PMID: 30005798 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large scale green tides have bloomed successively in the Yellow Sea since 2007. The floating ecotype of Ulva prolifera, which is responsible for the environmental disaster, drifted a long distance during the blooming time and was exotic to the coastal area. The Yellow Sea green tide can be a potential source to incur bio-invasion. In this study, the distribution pattern and propagule pressure of the floating ecotype was investigated along the Qingdao coastline, which was seriously impacted by the green tide. Two out of 661 attached Ulva specimens collected in different seasons were identified as the floating ecotype by molecular markers, indicating that a few individuals of the floating ecotype had settled down, and their attached population could have spontaneously established. In seawater and sediments, the proportion of the floating ecotype in Ulva propagules reached up to 32% and 69% respectively when the floating algae was accumulating on seashore, which was a great propagule pressure to the local ecosystem. Results of the field test indicated that the available resources and the competition between the floating ecotype and the local Ulva species might be the main restrictions for settlement. Though the current scale of the established population is still small, the risk of biological invasion by the floating ecotype exists and it deserves more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ri Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huihui Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huaxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Fuchao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao P, Gu W, Huang A, Wu S, Liu C, Huan L, Gao S, Xie X, Wang G. Effect of iron on the growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum via photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:34-43. [PMID: 29159944 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a limiting factor that controls the phytoplankton biomass in the modern ocean, and iron fertilization of the ocean could lead to blooms dominated by diatoms. Thus, iron plays an important role in controlling the distribution of diatoms. In this study, we measured the growth rate and photosynthetic activity of the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultured under different iron concentrations and found that it grew more rapidly and had a much higher photosynthetic efficiency under higher iron concentrations. In order to explore the unique mechanism of the response of diatoms to iron, a proteomic analysis was carried out, and the results indicated that iron promotes the Calvin cycle of P. tricornutum. Diatoms can tolerate the pressure of iron limitation by replacing iron-rich proteins with flavodoxin, and so on. Moreover, we found that the photosystem I (PSI) activity of iron-limited algae that were treated by N',N',N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) was increased significantly. As TMPD plays the role of a cytochrome b6 /f complex that transfers electrons from photosystem II to PSI, the cytochrome b6 /f complex is the key to photosynthesis regulation. Iron could influence the growth of P. tricornutum by regulating its biosynthesis. All of the results suggest that iron might affect the growth of diatoms through the Calvin cycle and the cytochrome b6 /f complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhao
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Aiyou Huang
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Songcui Wu
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Changheng Liu
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Li Huan
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Key Laboratory of Experimental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao National Lab for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pierangelini M, Ryšánek D, Lang I, Adlassnig W, Holzinger A. Terrestrial adaptation of green algae Klebsormidium and Zygnema (Charophyta) involves diversity in photosynthetic traits but not in CO 2 acquisition. PLANTA 2017; 246:971-986. [PMID: 28721563 PMCID: PMC5633629 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The basal streptophyte Klebsormidium and the advanced Zygnema show adaptation to terrestrialization. Differences are found in photoprotection and resistance to short-term light changes, but not in CO 2 acquisition. Streptophyte green algae colonized land about 450-500 million years ago giving origin to terrestrial plants. We aim to understand how their physiological adaptations are linked to the ecological conditions (light, water and CO2) characterizing modern terrestrial habitats. A new Klebsormidium isolate from a strongly acidic environment of a former copper mine (Schwarzwand, Austria) is investigated, in comparison to Klebsormidium cf. flaccidum and Zygnema sp. We show that these genera possess different photosynthetic traits and water requirements. Particularly, the Klebsormidium species displayed a higher photoprotection capacity, concluded from non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and higher tolerance to high light intensity than Zygnema. However, Klebsormidium suffered from photoinhibition when the light intensity in the environment increased rapidly, indicating that NPQ is involved in photoprotection against strong and stable irradiance. Klebsormidium was also highly resistant to cellular water loss (dehydration) under low light. On the other hand, exposure to relatively high light intensity during dehydration caused a harmful over-reduction of the electron transport chain, leading to PSII damages and impairing the ability to recover after rehydration. Thus, we suggest that dehydration is a selective force shaping the adaptation of this species towards low light. Contrary to the photosynthetic characteristics, the inorganic carbon (C i ) acquisition was equivalent between Klebsormidium and Zygnema. Despite their different habitats and restriction to hydro-terrestrial environment, the three organisms showed similar use of CO2 and HCO3- as source of Ci for photosynthesis, pointing out a similar adaptation of their CO2-concentrating mechanisms to terrestrial life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierangelini
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Ryšánek
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, v. v. i., Průmyslová 595, 252 42, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ingeborg Lang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Adlassnig
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spraying Brassinolide improves Sigma Broad tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) through modulation of antioxidant activity and photosynthetic capacity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11232. [PMID: 28894251 PMCID: PMC5593917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of Brassinolide (BR) in improving the tolerance of Sigma Broad in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), effects of 0.1 mg/L of BR foliar application 24 h before 3.37 g/ha of Sigma Broad treatment at five-leaf stage of foxtail millet on growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll, net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 parameters were studied 7 and 15 d after herbicide treatment, respectively. Results showed that Sigma Broad significantly decreased plant height, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), chlorophyll content, PN, PS II effective quantum yield (Y (II)), PS II electron transport rate (ETR (II)), photochemical quantum yield of PSI(Y (I)) and PS I electron transport rate ETR (I), but significantly increased MDA. Compared to herbicide treatment, BR dramatically increased plant height, activities of SOD, Y (II), ETR (II), Y (I) and ETR (I). This study showed BR pretreatment could improve the tolerance of Sigma Broad in foxtail millet through improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes, keeping electron transport smooth, and enhancing actual photochemical efficiency of PS II and PSI.
Collapse
|
25
|
Holzinger A, Herburger K, Blaas K, Lewis LA, Karsten U. The terrestrial green macroalga Prasiola calophylla (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta): ecophysiological performance under water-limiting conditions. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1755-1767. [PMID: 28066876 PMCID: PMC5474099 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic placement of Prasiola calophylla, from an anthropogenic habitat previously shown to contain a novel UV sunscreen compound, was confirmed by analysis of its rbcL gene. This alga has the capacity to tolerate strong water-limiting conditions. The photosynthetic performance and ultrastructural changes under desiccation and osmotic stress were investigated. Freshly harvested thalli showed an effective quantum yield of PSII [Y(II)] of 0.52 ± 0.06 that decreased to ∼60% of the initial value at 3000 mM sorbitol, and 4000 mM sorbitol led to a complete loss of Y(II). The Y(II) of thalli exposed to controlled desiccating conditions at 60% relative humidity (RH) ceased within 240 min, whereas zero values were reached after 120 min at 20% RH. All investigated samples completely recovered Y(II) within ∼100 min after rehydration. Relative electron transport rates (rETR) were temperature dependent, increasing from 5, 10, to 25 °C but strongly declining at 45 °C. Transmission electron microscopy of samples desiccated for 2.5 h showed an electron dense appearance of the entire cytoplasm when compared to control samples. Thylakoid membranes were still visible in desiccated cells, corroborating the ability to recover. Control and desiccated cells contained numerous storage lipids and starch grains, providing reserves. Overall, P. calophylla showed a high capacity to cope with water-limiting conditions on a physiological and structural basis. A lipophilic outer layer of the cell walls might contribute to reduce water evaporation in this poikilohydric organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Blaas
- Functional Plant Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Louise A Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang W, Yang YJ, Zhang SB. Specific roles of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in photosynthetic regulation in immature and mature leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 209:76-83. [PMID: 28013173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) is essential for photosynthesis in mature leaves. However, the physiological roles of CEF in immature leaves are little known. Here, we measured the PSI and PSII activities, light response changes in PSI and PSII energy quenching for immature and mature leaves of Erythrophleum guineense grown under full sunlight. Comparing with the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), the immature leaves had much lower values of the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (Pm) than the mature leaves, suggesting the unsynchronized development of PSI and PSII activities. Furthermore, the immature leaves displayed significantly lower capacities for the photosynthetic electron flow through PSII (ETRII) and CEF. However, when exposed to high light, the immature leaves displayed higher levels of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and P700 oxidation ration [Y(ND)] than mature leaves. Under high light, the similar NPQ values were accompanied with much lower CEF activity in the immature leaves. These results suggest that, in immature leaves, CEF primarily contributes to photoprotection for PSI and PSII via acidification of thylakoid lumen. By comparison, in mature leaves, a large fraction of CEF-dependent generation of ΔpH contributes to ATP synthesis and a relative small proportion favors photoprotection via lumen acidification. These findings highlight the specific roles of CEF in photosynthetic regulation in immature and mature leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China; Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huan L, Gu W, Gao S, Wang G. Photosynthetic activity and proteomic analysis highlights the utilization of atmospheric CO 2 by Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta) for rapid growth. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:1103-1113. [PMID: 27682436 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Free-floating Ulva prolifera is one of the causative species of green tides. When green tides occur, massive mats of floating U. prolifera thalli accumulate rapidly in surface waters with daily growth rates as high as 56%. The upper thalli of the mats experience environmental changes such as the change in carbon source, high salinity, and desiccation. In this study, the photosynthetic performances of PSI and PSII in U. prolifera thalli exposed to different atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) levels were measured. Changes in photosynthesis within salinity treatments and dehydration under different CO2 concentrations were also analyzed. The results showed that PSII activity was enhanced as CO2 increased, suggesting that CO2 assimilation was enhanced and U. prolifera thalli can utilize CO2 in the atmosphere directly, even when under moderate stress. In addition, changes in the proteome of U. prolifera in response to salt stress were investigated. Stress-tolerance proteins appeared to have an important role in the response to salinity stress, whereas the abundance of proteins related to metabolism showed no significant change under low salinity treatments. These findings may be one of the main reasons for the extremely high growth rate of free-floating U. prolifera when green tides occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Malhotra K, Subramaniyan M, Rawat K, Kalamuddin M, Qureshi MI, Malhotra P, Mohmmed A, Cornish K, Daniell H, Kumar S. Compartmentalized Metabolic Engineering for Artemisinin Biosynthesis and Effective Malaria Treatment by Oral Delivery of Plant Cells. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1464-1477. [PMID: 27773616 PMCID: PMC5980236 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin is highly effective against drug-resistant malarial parasites, which affects nearly half of the global population and kills >500 000 people each year. The primary cost of artemisinin is the very expensive process used to extract and purify the drug from Artemisia annua. Elimination of this apparently unnecessary step will make this potent antimalarial drug affordable to the global population living in endemic regions. Here we reported the oral delivery of a non-protein drug artemisinin biosynthesized (∼0.8 mg/g dry weight) at clinically meaningful levels in tobacco by engineering two metabolic pathways targeted to three different cellular compartments (chloroplast, nucleus, and mitochondria). The doubly transgenic lines showed a three-fold enhancement of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and targeting AACPR, DBR2, and CYP71AV1 to chloroplasts resulted in higher expression and an efficient photo-oxidation of dihydroartemisinic acid to artemisinin. Partially purified extracts from the leaves of transgenic tobacco plants inhibited in vitro growth progression of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Oral feeding of whole intact plant cells bioencapsulating the artemisinin reduced the parasitemia levels in challenged mice in comparison with commercial drug. Such novel synergistic approaches should facilitate low-cost production and delivery of artemisinin and other drugs through metabolic engineering of edible plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Malhotra
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Mayavan Subramaniyan
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Khushboo Rawat
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Md Kalamuddin
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - M Irfan Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Pawan Malhotra
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Katrina Cornish
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Henry Daniell
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shashi Kumar
- Metabolic Engineering Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rathod JP, Prakash G, Vira C, Lali AM. Trehalose phosphate synthase overexpression in Parachlorella kessleri improves growth and photosynthetic performance under high light conditions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:803-809. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Pralhad Rathod
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Chaitali Vira
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M. Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao X, Tang X, Zhang H, Qu T, Wang Y. Photosynthetic adaptation strategy of Ulva prolifera floating on the sea surface to environmental changes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:116-125. [PMID: 27262405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For 8 consecutive years, a green tide has originated in the southern Yellow Sea and spread to the Qingdao offshore area. The causative species, Ulva prolifera, always forms a very thick thallus mat that is capable of drifting long distances over long periods. During this process, although the thalli face disturbance by complex environmental factors, they maintain high biomass and proliferation. We hypothesized that some form of photosynthetic adaptation strategy must exist to protect the thalli. Therefore, we studied the different photosynthetic response characteristics of the surface and lower layers of the floating thallus mats, and investigated the physiological and molecular-level adaptation mechanisms. The results showed that: (1) U. prolifera has strong photosynthetic capability that ensures it can gain sufficient energy to increase its biomass and adapt to long-distance migration. (2) Surface layer thalli adapt to the complex environment by dissipating excess energy via photosynthetic quantum control (energy quenching and energy redistribution between PSII/PSI) to avoid irreversible damage to the photosynthetic system. (3) Lower layer thalli increase their contents of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chlorophyll b (Chl b) and decrease their Chl a/Chl b ratio to improve their ability to use light energy. (4) U. prolifera has strong photosynthetic plasticity and can adapt to frequent exchange between the surface and lower layer environments because of wave disturbance. Pigment component changes, energy quenching, and energy redistribution between PSII/PSI contribute to this photosynthetic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Tongfei Qu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hughes BB, Hammerstrom KK, Grant NE, Hoshijima U, Eby R, Wasson K. Trophic cascades on the edge: fostering seagrass resilience via a novel pathway. Oecologia 2016; 182:231-41. [PMID: 27167224 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread degradation, some coastal ecosystems display remarkable resilience. For seagrasses, a century-old paradigm has implicated macroalgal blooms stimulated by anthropogenic nutrient, loading as a primary driver of seagrass decline, yet relatively little attention has been given to drivers of seagrass resilience. In Elkhorn Slough, CA, an estuarine system characterized by extreme anthropogenic nutrient loading and macroalgal (Ulva spp.) blooms, seagrass (Zostera marina) beds have recovered concurrent with colonization of the estuary by top predators, sea otters (Enhydra lutris). Here, we follow up on the results of a previous experiment at the seagrass interior, showing how sea otters can generate a trophic cascade that promotes seagrass. We conducted an experiment and constructed structural equation models to determine how sea otters, through a trophic cascade, might affect the edge of seagrass beds where expansion occurs. We found that at the edge, sea otters promoted both seagrass and ephemeral macroalgae, with the latter contributing beneficial grazers to the seagrass. The surprising results that sea otters promote two potentially competing vegetation types, and a grazer assemblage at their boundary provides a mechanism by which seagrasses can expand in eutrophic environments, and contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating that ephemeral macroalgae are not always negatively associated with seagrass. Our results highlight the potential for top predator recovery to enhance ecosystem resilience to anthropogenic alterations through several cascading mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent B Hughes
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA. .,Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA, 95076, USA.
| | - Kamille K Hammerstrom
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA.,Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA, 95076, USA
| | - Nora E Grant
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA.,Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA, 95076, USA
| | - Umi Hoshijima
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.,Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA.,Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA, 95076, USA
| | - Ron Eby
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA, 95076, USA
| | - Kerstin Wasson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.,Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, 1700 Elkhorn Rd., Watsonville, CA, 95076, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang S, Huang W, Zhang J, Cao K. Differential responses of photosystems I and II to seasonal drought in two Ficus species. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
33
|
Lu X, Huan L, Gao S, He L, Wang G. NADPH from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway drives the operation of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in high-intertidal macroalgae under severe salt stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 156:397-406. [PMID: 26337725 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) is a representative species of high-intertidal macroalgae, whose blades can tolerate extreme stresses, such as salt stress and desiccation. In this study, the photosystem (PS) responses of P. yezoensis blades under salt stress were studied. Our results showed that when the effective photochemical quantum yield of PS (Y) II decreased to almost zero under high salt stress, YI still had a relatively high activity rate. PSII was therefore more sensitive to salt stress than PSI. Furthermore, in the presence of 3-(3', 4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), YI rose as salinity increased. The YI values for DCMU-treated thalli decreased in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH) inhibitor (glucosamine, Glucm). The YI values were ∼0.09 in the presence of methyl viologen (MV) and almost zero in the presence of dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB). These results demonstrated that under severe salt stress (120‰ salinity) PSI activity was driven from a source other than PSII, and that stromal reductants probably supported the operation of PSI. Under salt stress, the starch content decreased and soluble sugar levels increased. The G6PDH and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44) activities increased, but cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) activity decreased. Furthermore, the NADPH content increased, but NADH decreased, which suggested that soluble sugar entered the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP). All these results suggested that NADPH from OPPP increases the cyclic electron flow around PSI in high-intertidal macroalgae under severe salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Linwen He
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao S, Zheng Z, Huan L, Wang G. G6PDH activity highlights the operation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI in Physcomitrella patens during salt stress. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21245. [PMID: 26887288 PMCID: PMC4758081 DOI: 10.1038/srep21245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic performances and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in Physcomitrella patens changed greatly during salt stress and recovery. In P. patens, the cyclic electron flow around photosystem (PS) I was much more tolerant to high salt stress than PSII. After high salt stress, the PSII activity recovered much more slowly than that of PSI, which was rapidly restored to pretreatment levels even as PSII was almost inactivate. This result suggested that after salt stress the recovery of the cyclic electron flow around PSI was independent of PSII activity. In addition, G6PDH activity and NADPH content increased under high salt stress. When G6PDH activity was inhibited by glucosamine (Glucm, a G6PDH inhibitor), the cyclic electron flow around PSI and the NADPH content decreased significantly. Additionally, after recovery in liquid medium containing Glucm, the PSI activity was much lower than in liquid medium without Glucm. These results suggested the PSI activity was affected significantly by G6PDH activity and the NADPH content. Based on the above results, we propose that G6PDH in P. patens has a close relationship with the photosynthetic process, possibly providing NADPH for the operation of the cyclic electron flow around PSI during salt stress and promoting the restoration of PSI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang W, Li H, Lin X, Yang S, Wang Z, Fang B. Transcriptome analysis identifies genes involved in adventitious branches formation of Gracilaria lichenoides in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17099. [PMID: 26657019 PMCID: PMC4675990 DOI: 10.1038/srep17099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue culture could solve the problems associated with Gracilaria cultivation, including the consistent supply of high-quality seed stock, strain improvement, and efficient mass culture of high-yielding commercial strains. However, STC lags behind that of higher plants because of the paucity of genomic information. Transcriptome analysis and the identification of potential unigenes involved in the formation and regeneration of callus or direct induction of ABs are essential. Herein, the CK, EWAB and NPA G. lichenoides transcriptomes were analyzed using the Illumina sequencing platform in first time. A total of 17,922,453,300 nucleotide clean bases were generated and assembled into 21,294 unigenes, providing a total gene space of 400,912,038 nucleotides with an average length of 1,883 and N 50 of 5,055 nucleotides and a G + C content of 52.02%. BLAST analysis resulted in the assignment of 13,724 (97.5%), 3,740 (26.6%), 9,934 (70.6%), 10,611 (75.4%), 9,490 (67.4%), and 7,773 (55.2%) unigenes were annotated to the NR, NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG, and GO databases, respectively, and the total of annotated unigenes was 14,070. A total of 17,099 transcripts were predicted to possess open reading frames, including 3,238 predicted and 13,861 blasted based on protein databases. In addition, 3,287 SSRs were detected in G.lichenoides, providing further support for genetic variation and marker-assisted selection in the future. Our results suggest that auxin polar transport, auxin signal transduction, crosstalk with other endogenous plant hormones and antioxidant systems, play important roles for ABs formation in G. lichenoides explants in vitro. The present findings will facilitate further studies on gene discovery and on the molecular mechanisms underlying the tissue culture of seaweed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- College of Biochemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Huanqin Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiangzhi Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanjun Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- College of Biochemistry and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xia X, Gui R, Yang H, Fu Y, Wei F, Zhou M. Identification of genes involved in color variation of bamboo culms by suppression subtractive hybridization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 97:156-164. [PMID: 26473665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phyllostachys vivax cv. aureocaulis is a widely planted ornamental bamboo with evergreen leaves. This plant's culm exhibits a golden-yellow background color marked randomly with narrow and broad green stripes but is occasionally light green with yellow stripes. In this study, we attempt to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the color variation in striped culms. We found that neither stroma nor grana lamellas were observed in plastids in yellow tissue cells, while complete chloroplasts were observed in green tissue. In addition, chlorophyll a and b were mainly distributed in ground tissue under the epiderm and in the cells surrounding the bundle sheath in the green portion of internodes. The amount of chlorophyll contained in cross-sections of the green portion of culms is significantly higher than in the yellow portion. However, carotenoid was nearly undetectable in both samples. In addition, we found that the expression levels of 7 ESTs, including PvESTs-F641 (JZ893845), PvESTs-F681 (JZ893885) and PvESTs-F798 (JZ894002), were significantly higher in green samples than that in yellow samples, while PvESTs-R200 (JZ894906), PvESTs-R541 (JZ895247), PvESTs-R333 (JZ895039) and PvESTs-R266 (JZ894972) were found at a higher level in yellow samples. These ESTs are thought to play a role in this color variation in plants. Our current results indicate that insufficient photosynthetic membrane proteins and lipids in yellow tissue could lead to chloroplast dysfunction and could result in the yellow appearance on certain P. vivax cv. aureocaulis culms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwan Xia
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Renyi Gui
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Haiyun Yang
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Ying Fu
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Fang Wei
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Mingbing Zhou
- The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang W, Yang YJ, Hu H, Zhang SB. Different roles of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I under sub-saturating and saturating light intensities in tobacco leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:923. [PMID: 26579169 PMCID: PMC4621282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the generation of proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) through cyclic electron flow (CEF) has mainly two functions: (1) to generate ATP and balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget, and (2) to protect photosystems I and II against photoinhibition. The intensity of light under which plants are grown alters both CEF activity and the ATP/NADPH demand for primary metabolic processes. However, it is unclear how the role of CEF is affected by the level of irradiance that is applied during the growth and measurement periods. We studied the role of CEF at different light intensities in leaves from sun- and shade-grown plants. At 849 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), both types of leaves had nearly the same degree of CEF activation. Modeling of the ATP/NADPH demand revealed that, at this light intensity, the contribution of CEF toward supplying ATP was much higher in the sun leaves. Meanwhile, the shade leaves showed higher levels of non-photochemical quenching and the P700 oxidation ratio. Therefore, at 849 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), CEF mainly helped in the synthesis of ATP in the sun leaves, but functioned in photoprotection for the shade leaves. When the light intensity increased to 1976 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), CEF activation was greatly enhanced in the sun leaves, but its contribution to supplying ATP changed slightly. These results indicate that the main role of CEF is altered flexibly in response to light intensity. In particular, CEF mainly contributes to balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget under sub-saturating light intensities. When exposed to saturating light intensities, CEF mainly protects photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang W, Yang YJ, Hu H, Zhang SB. Different roles of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I under sub-saturating and saturating light intensities in tobacco leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:923. [PMID: 26579169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.015.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, the generation of proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ΔpH) through cyclic electron flow (CEF) has mainly two functions: (1) to generate ATP and balance the ATP/NADPH energy budget, and (2) to protect photosystems I and II against photoinhibition. The intensity of light under which plants are grown alters both CEF activity and the ATP/NADPH demand for primary metabolic processes. However, it is unclear how the role of CEF is affected by the level of irradiance that is applied during the growth and measurement periods. We studied the role of CEF at different light intensities in leaves from sun- and shade-grown plants. At 849 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), both types of leaves had nearly the same degree of CEF activation. Modeling of the ATP/NADPH demand revealed that, at this light intensity, the contribution of CEF toward supplying ATP was much higher in the sun leaves. Meanwhile, the shade leaves showed higher levels of non-photochemical quenching and the P700 oxidation ratio. Therefore, at 849 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), CEF mainly helped in the synthesis of ATP in the sun leaves, but functioned in photoprotection for the shade leaves. When the light intensity increased to 1976 μmol photons m(-2) s(-1), CEF activation was greatly enhanced in the sun leaves, but its contribution to supplying ATP changed slightly. These results indicate that the main role of CEF is altered flexibly in response to light intensity. In particular, CEF mainly contributes to balancing the ATP/NADPH energy budget under sub-saturating light intensities. When exposed to saturating light intensities, CEF mainly protects photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, China ; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ca(2+)-regulated cyclic electron flow supplies ATP for nitrogen starvation-induced lipid biosynthesis in green alga. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15117. [PMID: 26450399 PMCID: PMC4598854 DOI: 10.1038/srep15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that both the linear photosynthetic electron transportation rate and the respiration rate dropped significantly during N starvation-induced neutral lipid accumulation in an oil-producing microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana, and proposed a possible role for cyclic electron flow (CEF) in ATP supply. In this study, we further exploited this hypothesis in both Chlorella sorokiniana C3 and the model green alga Chlamydomonas. We found that both the rate of CEF around photosystem I and the activity of thylakoid membrane-located ATP synthetase increased significantly during N starvation to drive ATP production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Chlamydomonas mutant pgrl1, which is deficient in PGRL1-mediated CEF, accumulated less neutral lipids and had reduced rates of CEF under N starvation. Further analysis revealed that Ca(2+) signaling regulates N starvation-induced neutral lipid biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas by increasing calmodulin activity and boosting the expression of the calcium sensor protein that regulates Pgrl1-mediated CEF. Thus, Ca(2+)-regulated CEF supplies ATP for N starvation-induced lipid biosynthesis in green alga. The increased CEF may re-equilibrate the ATP/NADPH balance and recycle excess light energy in photosystems to prevent photooxidative damage, suggesting Ca(2+)-regulated CEF also played a key role in protecting and sustaining photosystems.
Collapse
|
40
|
Patzelt DJ, Hindersin S, Kerner M, Hanelt D. Responses of photosystems I and II of Acutodesmus obliquus to chemical stress caused by the use of recycled nutrients. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:361-70. [PMID: 26433968 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients derived from hydrothermal gasification of Acutodesmus obliquus were tested on its biological compatibility to support growth of the same microalgae. Photosynthetic parameters of photosystems I and II (PS I and PS II) were investigated to study physiological effects on the microalgal cell. The nutrients were collected as liquid residues. Dilutions of 1:500 showed no effect on both photosystems. Lower dilutions affected PS II initially and later also PS I. Cyclic electron flow around PS I compensated for loss of electrons due to partially inhibited PS II. The highest tested concentration of liquid residue erased any photosynthetic activity of PS II after 28 min and onwards. In contrast, PS I remained active. The results suggest that PS I is less susceptible than PS II and that the mixture of chemicals in the liquid residue did not directly affect PS I but PS II. The toxicants in the residues seemed to interfere with linear electron flow of PS II even though light-driven formation of radicals and subsequent damage to one of the photosystems can be excluded as demonstrated in darkness. Lowered photosynthetic activity of PS I during actinic irradiation was caused due to lack of supply of electrons from PS II. The cyclic electron flow might play a key role in delivering the energy needed to restore PS II activity and to biodegrade the toxicants when linear electron flow failed. These negative effects of liquid residue towards microalgal cells require a remediation step for direct application of the liquid residue to substitute commercial fertilizers in microalgal mass cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik J Patzelt
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany. .,Strategic Science Consult SSC Ltd., Beim Alten Gaswerk 5, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hindersin
- Strategic Science Consult SSC Ltd., Beim Alten Gaswerk 5, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Kerner
- Strategic Science Consult SSC Ltd., Beim Alten Gaswerk 5, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststraße 18, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Holzinger A, Herburger K, Kaplan F, Lewis LA. Desiccation tolerance in the chlorophyte green alga Ulva compressa: does cell wall architecture contribute to ecological success? PLANTA 2015; 242:477-92. [PMID: 25896374 PMCID: PMC4498240 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Desiccation leads to structural changes of the inner pectic cell wall layers in Ulva compressa. This contributes to protection against mechanical damage due to desiccation-rehydration cycles. Ulva compressa, characterized by rbcL phylogeny, is a common species in the Mediterranean Sea. Ulva as an intertidal species tolerates repeated desiccation-rehydration cycles in nature; the physiological and structural basis were investigated under experimental conditions here. Desiccation to 73% relative water content (RWC) led to a significant decrease of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F v/F m) to about half of the initial value. A reduction to 48 or 27% RWC caused a more drastic effect and thalli were only able to recover fully from desiccation to 73% RWC. Relative electron transport rates were stimulated at 73% RWC, but decreased significantly at 48 and 27% RWC, respectively. Imaging-PAM analysis demonstrated a homogenous desiccation process within individual thallus discs. The different cell wall layers of U. compressa were characterized by standard staining procedures, i.e. calcofluor white and aniline blue for structural components (cellulose, callose), ruthenium red for pectins and toluidine blue for acidic polysaccharides. Already a reduction to 73% RWC caused severe changes of the cell walls. The inner pectin-rich layers followed the shrinkage process of the cytoplasm, while the outer denser fibrillar layers maintained their shape. In this way, the thalli were not plasmolyzed during water loss, and upon recovery not negatively influenced by any mechanical damage. Transmission electron microscopy corroborated the arrangement of the different layers clearly distinguishable by their texture and electron density. We suggest the flexibility of the pectin-rich cell wall layers as a major contribution to desiccation tolerance in Ulva.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holzinger
- Institute of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jia XH, Zhang PP, Shi DJ, Mi HL, Zhu JC, Huang XW, He PM. Regulation of pepc gene expression in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and its effects on cyclic electron flow around photosystem I and tolerances to environmental stresses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:468-476. [PMID: 25040477 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Since pepc gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) has been cloned from Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 and other cyanobacteria, the effects of pepc gene expression on photosynthesis have not been reported yet. In this study, we constructed mutants containing either upregulated (forward) or downregulated (reverse) pepc gene in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Results from real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot and enzymatic analysis showed that PEPCase activity was significantly reduced in the reverse mutant compared with the wild type, and that of the forward mutant was obviously increased. Interestingly, the net photosynthesis in both the reverse mutant and the forward mutant were higher than that of the wild type, but dark respiration was decreased only in the reverse mutant. The absorbance changes of P700 upon saturation pulse showed the photosystem I (PSI) activity was inhibited, as reflected by Y(I), and Y(NA) was elevated, and dark reduction of P700(+) was stimulated, indicating enhanced cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI in the reverse mutant. Additionally, the reverse mutant photosynthesis was higher than that of the wild type in low temperature, low and high pH, and high salinity, and this implies increased tolerance in the reverse mutant through downregulated pepc gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education Shanghai, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao Y, Liu W, Li Q, Yang Q, Chai W, Zeng M, Li R, Peng Y. Multiparameter-based bioassay of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) quinazoline, a newly-synthesized quinazoline derivative, toward Microcystis aeruginosa HAB5100 (cyanobacteria). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:376-81. [PMID: 25694253 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinazoline derivatives have wide biological activities and therapeutic properties, implying their potential for development and application on a large scale. In the present study, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) quinazoline (CMQ), was selected to examine its effect on unicellular cyanobacteria, Microcystis aeruginosa by evaluating growth, physiological and molecular responses. Growth was inhibited by CMQ, with a 96 h EC50 of 1.93 ± 0.19 mg L(-1). The up-regulated expression of prx was shown, reflecting that oxidative stress might be a toxic factor of CMQ. At higher concentrations of CMQ, the quantum yields of Y(II) and Y(NPQ) in photosystem II decreased seriously and Y(NO) increased sharply, and psbA gene encoding for D1 protein was over-expressed. These results demonstrated that high concentrations of CMQ had different inhibitory targets associated with photosystem electron transport and with sites beyond the electron transport chain, leading to severe toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education and College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, JiangXi, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao S, Gu W, Xiong Q, Ge F, Xie X, Li J, Chen W, Pan G, Wang G. Desiccation enhances phosphorylation of PSII and affects the distribution of protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:492-502. [PMID: 25132456 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation has significant effects on photosynthetic processes in intertidal macro-algae. We studied an intertidal macro-alga, Ulva sp., which can tolerate desiccation, to investigate changes in photosynthetic performance and the components and structure of thylakoid membrane proteins in response to desiccation. Our results demonstrate that photosystem II (PSII) is more sensitive to desiccation than photosystem I (PSI) in Ulva sp. Comparative proteomics of the thylakoid membrane proteins at different levels of desiccation suggested that there were few changes in the content of proteins involved in photosynthesis during desiccation. Interestingly, we found that both the PSII subunit, PsbS (Photosystem II S subunit) (a four-helix protein in the LHC superfamily), and light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR) proteins, which are required for non-photochemical quenching in land plants and algae, respectively, were present under both normal and desiccation conditions and both increased slightly during desiccation. In addition, the results of immunoblot analysis suggested that the phosphorylation of PSII and LHCII increases during desiccation. To investigate further, we separated out a supercomplex formed during desiccation by blue native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified the components by mass spectrometry analysis. Our results show that phosphorylation of the complex increases slightly with decreased water content. All the results suggest that during the course of desiccation, few changes occur in the content of thylakoid membrane proteins, but a rearrangement of the protein complex occurs in the intertidal macro-alga Ulva sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Deng C, Pan X, Zhang D. Influence of ofloxacin on photosystems I and II activities of Microcystis aeruginosa and the potential role of cyclic electron flow. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 119:159-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
46
|
Gao S, Zheng Z, Gu W, Xie X, Huan L, Pan G, Wang G. Photosystem I shows a higher tolerance to sorbitol-induced osmotic stress than photosystem II in the intertidal macro-algae Ulva prolifera (Chlorophyta). PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 152:380-8. [PMID: 24628656 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic performance of the desiccation-tolerant, intertidal macro-algae Ulva prolifera was significantly affected by sorbitol-induced osmotic stress. Our results showed that photosynthetic activity decreased significantly with increases in sorbitol concentration. Although the partial activity of both photosystem I (PS I) and photosystem II (PS II) was able to recover after 30 min of rehydration, the activity of PS II decreased more rapidly than PS I. At 4 M sorbitol concentration, the activity of PS II was almost 0 while that of PS I was still at about one third of normal levels. Following prolonged treatment with 1 and 2 M sorbitol, the activity of PS I and PS II decreased slowly, suggesting that the effects of moderate concentrations of sorbitol on PS I and PS II were gradual. Interestingly, an increase in non-photochemical quenching occurred under these conditions in response to moderate osmotic stress, whereas it declined significantly under severe osmotic stress. These results suggest that photoprotection in U. prolifera could also be induced by moderate osmotic stress. In addition, the oxidation of PS I was significantly affected by osmotic stress. P700(+) in the thalli treated with high concentrations of sorbitol could still be reduced, as PS II was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), but it could not be fully oxidized. This observation may be caused by the higher quantum yield of non-photochemical energy dissipation in PS I due to acceptor-side limitation (Y(NA)) during rehydration in seawater containing DCMU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tongra T, Bharti S, Jajoo A. Cyclic electron flow around photosystem I is enhanced at low pH. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 83:194-199. [PMID: 25164549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that at low pH (pH 5.5), PS II fluorescence decreases with concomitant increase in PS I fluorescence (Singh-Rawal et al., 2010). In order to shed light on the reasons of the above stated change, spinach leaf discs were treated with buffers of different pH (7.5, 6.5 and 5.5)and decrease in the photochemical quantum yield of PS II,Y(II) and increase in the photochemical quantum yield of PS I,Y(I) was observed. We observed an enhanced protection against over-reduction of PS I acceptor side at low pH (5.5) treated leaves. This was obviously achieved by the rapid build-up of trans-thylakoid pH gradient at low light intensities and was directly associated with a steep increase in non- photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and a decrease in the electron transport rate of PS II. Our results suggested a strong stimulation of cyclic electron flow around PS I at pH 5.5 which directly supports protection against over-reduction of the PS I acceptor side.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teena Tongra
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452 017, M.P., India
| | - Sudhakar Bharti
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452 017, M.P., India
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Indore 452 017, M.P., India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Deletion of an electron donor-binding subunit of the NDH-1 complex, NdhS, results in a heat-sensitive growth phenotype in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
49
|
Halsey KH, Jones BM. Phytoplankton strategies for photosynthetic energy allocation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2014; 7:265-297. [PMID: 25149563 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010814-015813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton physiology is dynamic and highly responsive to the environment. Phytoplankton acclimate to changing environmental conditions by a complex reallocation of carbon and energy through metabolic pathways to optimize growth. Considering the tremendous diversity of phytoplankton, it is not surprising that different phytoplankton taxa use different strategies to partition carbon and energy resources. It has therefore been satisfying to discover that general principles of energetic stoichiometry appear to govern these complex processes and can be broadly applied to interpret phytoplankton distributions, productivity, and food web dynamics. The expectation of future changes in aquatic environments brought on by climate change warrants gathering knowledge about underlying patterns of photosynthetic energy allocation and their impacts on community structure and ecosystem productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly H Halsey
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huan L, Xie X, Zheng Z, Sun F, Wu S, Li M, Gao S, Gu W, Wang G. Positive correlation between PSI response and oxidative pentose phosphate pathway activity during salt stress in an intertidal macroalga. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1395-403. [PMID: 24793748 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that photosynthetic limitations and starch degradation are responses to stress; however, the relationship between the two is seldom described in detail. In this article, the effects of salt stress on photosynthesis, the levels of NADPH and total RNA, the starch content and the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase (RPK) were evaluated. In thalli that underwent salt treatments, the cyclic electron flow through PSI showed greater stress tolerance than the flow through PSII. Even though the linear electron flow was suppressed by DCMU, the cyclic electron flow still operated. The electron transport rate I (ETRI) increased as the salinity increased when the thalli recovered in seawater containing DCMU. These results suggested that PSI receives electrons from a source other than PSII. Furthermore, the starch content and RPK activity decreased, while the content of NADPH and total RNA, and the activity of G6PDH increased under salt stress. Soluble sugar from starch degradation may enter the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) to produce NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate. Data analysis suggests that NADPH provides electrons for PSI in Ulva prolifera during salt stress, the OPPP participates in the stress response and total RNA is synthesized in excess to assist recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Huan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Songcui Wu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Moyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|