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Kim JM, Lee JH, Park SR, Kwon JK, Ro NY, Kang BC. Molecular mapping of the broad bean wilt virus 2 resistance locus bwvr in Capsicum annuum using BSR-seq. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:97. [PMID: 38589740 PMCID: PMC11001752 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04603-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Bulked segregant RNA seq of pools of pepper accessions that are susceptible or resistant to Broad bean wilt virus 2 identifies a gene that might confer resistance to this devastating pathogen. The single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) causes substantial damage to pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivation. Here, we describe mapping the BBWV2 resistance locus bwvr using a F7:8 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population constructed by crossing the BBWV2-resistant pepper accession 'SNU-C' with the susceptible pepper accession 'ECW30R.' All F1 plants infected with the BBWV2 strain PAP1 were susceptible to the virus, and the RIL population showed a 1:1 ratio of resistance to susceptibility, indicating that this trait is controlled by a single recessive gene. To map bwvr, we performed bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq). We sequenced pools of resistant and susceptible lines from the RILs and aligned the reads to the high-quality 'Dempsey' reference genome to identify variants between the pools. This analysis identified 519,887 variants and selected the region from 245.9-250.8 Mb of the Dempsey reference genome as the quantitative trait locus region for bwvr. To finely map bwvr, we used newly designed high-resolution melting (HRM) and Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers based on variants obtained from the BSR-seq reads and the PepperSNP16K array. Comparative analysis identified 11 SNU-C-specific SNPs within the bwvr locus. Using markers derived from these variants, we mapped the candidate bwvr locus to the region from 246.833-246.949 kb. SNU-C-specific variants clustered near DEM.v1.00035533 within the bwvr locus. DEM.v1.00035533 encodes the nitrate transporter NPF1.2 and contains a SNP within its 5' untranslated region. The bwvr locus, which contains four genes including DEM.v1.00035533, could represent a valuable resource for global pepper breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Min Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Park
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Ro
- Rural Development Administration, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Miao L, Xu W, Liu Y, Huang X, Chen Z, Wang H, Wang Z, Chen Y, Song Q, Zhang J, Han F, Peng H, Yao Y, Xin M, Hu Z, Ni Z, Sun Q, Xing J, Guo W. Reshaped DNA methylation cooperating with homoeolog-divergent expression promotes improved root traits in synthesized tetraploid wheat. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:507-523. [PMID: 38362849 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a major event driving plant evolution and domestication. However, how reshaped epigenetic modifications coordinate gene transcription to generate phenotypic variations during wheat polyploidization is currently elusive. Here, we profiled transcriptomes and DNA methylomes of two diploid wheat accessions (SlSl and AA) and their synthetic allotetraploid wheat line (SlSlAA), which displayed elongated root hair and improved root capability for nitrate uptake and assimilation after tetraploidization. Globally decreased DNA methylation levels with a reduced difference between subgenomes were observed in the roots of SlSlAA. DNA methylation changes in first exon showed strong connections with altered transcription during tetraploidization. Homoeolog-specific transcription was associated with biased DNA methylation as shaped by homoeologous sequence variation. The hypomethylated promoters showed significantly enriched binding sites for MYB, which may affect gene transcription in response to root hair growth. Two master regulators in root hair elongation pathway, AlCPC and TuRSL4, exhibited upregulated transcription levels accompanied by hypomethylation in promoter, which may contribute to the elongated root hair. The upregulated nitrate transporter genes, including NPFs and NRTs, also are significantly associated with hypomethylation, indicating an epigenetic-incorporated regulation manner in improving nitrogen use efficiency. Collectively, these results provided new insights into epigenetic changes in response to crop polyploidization and underscored the importance of epigenetic regulation in improving crop traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Miao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiya Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyi Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fangpu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiewen Xing
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wu X, Zhou X, Wang S, Wang Z, Huang P, Pu W, Peng Y, Fan X, Gao J, Li Z. Overexpression of a nitrate transporter NtNPF2.11 increases nitrogen accumulation and yield in tobacco. Gene 2023; 885:147715. [PMID: 37591325 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the key essential macronutrient for crop growth and yield. Over-application of inorganic N fertilizer in fields generated serious environmental pollution and had a negative impact to human health. Therefore, improving crop N use efficiency (NUE) is helpful for sustainable agriculture. The biological functions of nitrogen transporters and regulators have been intensively studied in many crop species. However, only a few nitrogen transporters have been identified in tobacco to date. We reported the identification and functional characterization of a nitrate transporter NtNPF2.11 from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). qRT-PCR assay revealed that NtNPF2.11 was mainly expressed in leaf and vein. Under middle N (MN, 1.57 kg N/100 m2) and high N (HN, 2.02 kg N/100 m2) conditions, overexpression of NtNPF2.11 in tobacco greatly improved N utilization and biomass. Moreover, under middle N and high N conditions, the expression of genes for nitrate assimilation, such as NtNR1, NtNiR, NtGS and NtGOGAT, were upregulated in NtNPF2.11 overexpression plants. Compared with WT, overexpression of NtNPF2.11 increased potassium (K) accumulation under high N conditions. These results indicated that overexpression of NtNPF2.11 could increase tobacco yield, N and K accumulation under higher N conditions. Overall, these findings improve our understanding the function of NtNPF2.11 and provide useful gene for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Wu
- Puai Medical College, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- College of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Pingjun Huang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Wenxuan Pu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Junping Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Technology Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Corporation, Changsha 410007, China.
| | - Zhaowu Li
- Puai Medical College, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
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Jia L, Hu D, Wang J, Liang Y, Li F, Wang Y, Han Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of Nitrate Transporter Genes ( NPF, NRT2 and NRT3) in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12941. [PMID: 37629121 PMCID: PMC10454388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is the primary form of nitrogen uptake in plants, mainly transported by nitrate transporters (NRTs), including NPF (NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY), NRT2 and NRT3. In this study, we identified a total of 78 NPF, seven NRT2, and two NRT3 genes in maize. Phylogenetic analysis divided the NPF family into eight subgroups (NPF1-NPF8), consistent with the results in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice. The NRT2 family appears to have evolved more conservatively than the NPF family, as NRT2 genes contain fewer introns. The promoters of all NRTs are rich in cis-acting elements responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. The expression of NRTs varies in different tissues and developmental stages, with some NRTs only expressed in specific tissues or developmental stages. RNA-seq analysis using Xu178 revealed differential expression of NRTs in response to nitrogen starvation and nitrate resupply. Moreover, the expression patterns of six key NRTs genes (NPF6.6, NPF6.8, NRT2.1, NRT2.5 and NRT3.1A/B) varied in response to alterations in nitrogen levels across distinct maize inbred lines with different nitrogen uptake rates. This work enhances our understanding of the structure and expression of NRTs genes, and their roles in nitrate response, paving the way for improving maize nitrogen efficiency through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Junbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Yanlai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (L.J.); (D.H.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (F.L.)
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5
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Xia X, Wei Q, Xiao C, Ye Y, Li Z, Marivingt-Mounir C, Chollet JF, Liu W, Wu H. Genomic survey of NPF and NRT2 transporter gene families in five inbred maize lines and their responses to pathogens infection. Genomics 2023; 115:110555. [PMID: 36596368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Besides manipulating nitrate uptake and allocation, nitrate transporters (NRTs) are also known to play crucial roles in pathogen defense and stress response. By blasting with the model NRT genes of poplar and Arabidopsis, a total of 408 gene members were identified from 5 maize inbred lines in which the number of NRTs ranged from 72 to 88. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the NRT genes of maize were classified into NRT1/PTR (NPF), NRT2 and NRT3 subfamilies, respectively. Marked divergence of the duplication patterns of NRT genes were identified, which may be a new basis for classification and identification of maize varieties. In terms of biotic stress, NRT2.5A showed an enhanced expression during the pathogen infection of Colletotrichum graminicola, while NRT1c4C was down-regulated, suggesting that maize NRT transporters may have both positive and negative roles in the disease resistance response. This work will promote the further studies of NRT gene families in maize, as well as be beneficial for further understanding of their potential roles in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuhe Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiping Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cécile Marivingt-Mounir
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-François Chollet
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, F-86073 Poitiers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hanxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China.
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Aluko OO, Kant S, Adedire OM, Li C, Yuan G, Liu H, Wang Q. Unlocking the potentials of nitrate transporters at improving plant nitrogen use efficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1074839. [PMID: 36895876 PMCID: PMC9989036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1074839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate ( NO 3 - ) transporters have been identified as the primary targets involved in plant nitrogen (N) uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization, all of which are key determinants of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, less attention has been directed toward the influence of plant nutrients and environmental cues on the expression and activities of NO 3 - transporters. To better understand how these transporters function in improving plant NUE, this review critically examined the roles of NO 3 - transporters in N uptake, transport, and distribution processes. It also described their influence on crop productivity and NUE, especially when co-expressed with other transcription factors, and discussed these transporters' functional roles in helping plants cope with adverse environmental conditions. We equally established the possible impacts of NO 3 - transporters on the uptake and utilization efficiency of other plant nutrients while suggesting possible strategic approaches to improving NUE in plants. Understanding the specificity of these determinants is crucial to achieving better N utilization efficiency in crops within a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Olayemi Aluko
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chuanzong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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7
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Chen YN, Cartwright HN, Ho CH. In vivo visualization of nitrate dynamics using a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4915. [PMID: 36260665 PMCID: PMC9581486 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) uptake and distribution are critical to plant life. Although the upstream regulation of NO3- uptake and downstream responses to NO3- in a variety of cells have been well studied, it is still not possible to directly visualize the spatial and temporal distribution of NO3- with high resolution at the cellular level. Here, we report a nuclear-localized, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor, which we named NitraMeter3.0, for the quantitative visualization of NO3- distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana. This biosensor tracked the spatiotemporal distribution of NO3- along the primary root axis and disruptions by genetic mutation of transport (low NO3- uptake) and assimilation (high NO3- accumulation). The developed biosensor effectively monitors NO3- concentrations at the cellular level in real time and spatiotemporal changes during the plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ning Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Heather N. Cartwright
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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8
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Salgado MG, Demina IV, Maity PJ, Nagchowdhury A, Caputo A, Krol E, Loderer C, Muth G, Becker A, Pawlowski K. Legume NCRs and nodule-specific defensins of actinorhizal plants—Do they share a common origin? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268683. [PMID: 35980975 PMCID: PMC9387825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The actinorhizal plant Datisca glomerata (Datiscaceae, Cucurbitales) establishes a root nodule symbiosis with actinobacteria from the earliest branching symbiotic Frankia clade. A subfamily of a gene family encoding nodule-specific defensin-like cysteine-rich peptides is highly expressed in D. glomerata nodules. Phylogenetic analysis of the defensin domain showed that these defensin-like peptides share a common evolutionary origin with nodule-specific defensins from actinorhizal Fagales and with nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs) from legumes. In this study, the family member with the highest expression levels, DgDef1, was characterized. Promoter-GUS studies on transgenic hairy roots showed expression in the early stage of differentiation of infected cells, and transient expression in the nodule apex. DgDef1 contains an N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal acidic domain which are likely involved in subcellular targeting and do not affect peptide activity. In vitro studies with E. coli and Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 showed that the defensin domain of DgDef1 has a cytotoxic effect, leading to membrane disruption with 50% lethality for S. meliloti 1021 at 20.8 μM. Analysis of the S. meliloti 1021 transcriptome showed that, at sublethal concentrations, DgDef1 induced the expression of terminal quinol oxidases, which are associated with the oxidative stress response and are also expressed during symbiosis. Overall, the changes induced by DgDef1 are reminiscent of those of some legume NCRs, suggesting that nodule-specific defensin-like peptides were part of the original root nodule toolkit and were subsequently lost in most symbiotic legumes, while being maintained in the actinorhizal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Guedes Salgado
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina V Demina
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pooja Jha Maity
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anurupa Nagchowdhury
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Caputo
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizaveta Krol
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Loderer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Günther Muth
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anke Becker
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tan S, Liang Y, Huang Y, Xi J, Huang X, Yang X, Yi K. Phylogeny and Expression Atlas of the NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY in Agave. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111434. [PMID: 35684207 PMCID: PMC9182991 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Agave species are widely cultivated crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants for alcoholic beverages, food and fiber production. Among these, the Agave hybrid H11648 ((A. amaniensis × A. angustifolia) × A. amaniensis) is the main cultivar for sisal fiber in the tropical areas of Brazil, China, and African countries. The plants of Agave hybrid H11648 have a long life cycle and large leaves, which require a huge amount of nitrogen nutrient. However, the molecular basis of nitrogen transport and allocation has not been well understood in agave. In this study, we identified 19 NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY(NPF) genes (called AhNPFs) with full-length coding sequences in Agave hybrid H11648. Our analysis of gene expression in various types of tissues revealed the tissue-specific expression pattern of AhNPFs. We further examined their expression patterns at different leaf developmental stages, under abiotic/biotic stresses and nutrient deficiency. The results reveal several candidate regulators in the agave NPF family, including AhNPF4.3/5.2/7.1. We first characterized the NPF genes in agave based on published leaf transcriptome datasets and emphasized their potential functions. The study will benefit future studies related to nitrogen nutrient in agave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibei Tan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanqiong Liang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Yanlei Huang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jingen Xi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Xing Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (X.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (X.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kexian Yi
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (S.T.); (Y.L.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou 571101, China
- Correspondence: (X.H.); (X.Y.); (K.Y.)
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10
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Lei B, Chang W, Zhao H, Zhang K, Yu J, Yu S, Cai K, Zhang J, Lu K. Nitrogen application and differences in leaf number retained after topping affect the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) transcriptome and metabolome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 35045826 PMCID: PMC8767696 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agronomic treatments such as the application of nitrogen fertilizer and topping (removal of the inflorescence and top leaves) cause substantial changes in plant metabolism. To explore these changes, we conducted comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of leaves collected from four positions along the stem on plants exposed to two nitrogen doses and with different numbers of leaves retained after topping in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). RESULTS We identified 13,330 unique differentially expressed genes and 32 differentially abundant metabolites. Through RNA-seq and WGCNA analyze, we constructed 2 co-expression networks (green and blue) highly correlation to N application and leaf number retained, predicted a hub gene NtGER3 may play an important role in N metabolism related to amino acid (cysteine) through CK pathway in tobacco leaves, NtARFs may participated in modulating the auxin signal and N in bottom leaves and NtRAP2.12 as key gene involved in N regulation by ethylene pathway. What's more, our data prove C/N transformation and balance affect the "source - flow - sink" redistribution and remobilization in tobacco during growth and development process. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this comparative transcriptomics study provides novel insight into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to different levels of nitrogen application and the number of leaves remaining after topping in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lei
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Wei Chang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Shizhou Yu
- Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kai Cai
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality and Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Kun Lu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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11
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Pimentel D, Amaro R, Erban A, Mauri N, Soares F, Rego C, Martínez-Zapater JM, Mithöfer A, Kopka J, Fortes AM. Transcriptional, hormonal, and metabolic changes in susceptible grape berries under powdery mildew infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6544-6569. [PMID: 34106234 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) berries are extremely sensitive to infection by the biotrophic pathogen Erysiphe necator, causing powdery mildew disease with deleterious effects on grape and wine quality. The combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome associated with this common fungal infection has not been previously carried out in any fruit. In order to identify the molecular, hormonal, and metabolic mechanisms associated with infection, healthy and naturally infected V. vinifera cv. Carignan berries were collected at two developmental stages: late green (EL33) and early véraison (EL35). RNA sequencing combined with GC-electron impact ionization time-of-flight MS, GC-electron impact ionization/quadrupole MS, and LC-tandem MS analyses revealed that powdery mildew-susceptible grape berries were able to activate defensive mechanisms with the involvement of salicylic acid and jasmonates and to accumulate defense-associated metabolites (e.g. phenylpropanoids, fatty acids). The defensive strategies also indicated organ-specific responses, namely the activation of fatty acid biosynthesis. However, defense responses were not enough to restrict fungal growth. The fungal metabolic program during infection involves secretion of effectors related to effector-triggered susceptibility, carbohydrate-active enzymes and activation of sugar, fatty acid, and nitrogen uptake, and could be under epigenetic regulation. This study also identified potential metabolic biomarkers such as gallic, eicosanoic, and docosanoic acids and resveratrol, which can be used to monitor early stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pimentel
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rute Amaro
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Nuria Mauri
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, CSIC-UR-Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. de Burgos km 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Flávio Soares
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Martínez-Zapater
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino, CSIC-UR-Gobierno de La Rioja, Ctra. de Burgos km 6, 26007 Logroño, Spain
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Molecular Regulatory Networks for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169040. [PMID: 34445746 PMCID: PMC8396546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an important factor limiting the growth and yield of rice. However, the excessive application of nitrogen will lead to water eutrophication and economic costs. To create rice varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has always been an arduous task in rice breeding. The processes for improving NUE include nitrogen uptake, nitrogen transport from root to shoot, nitrogen assimilation, and nitrogen redistribution, with each step being indispensable to the improvement of NUE. Here, we summarize the effects of absorption, transport, and metabolism of nitrate, ammonium, and amino acids on NUE, as well as the role of hormones in improving rice NUE. Our discussion provide insight for further research in the future.
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13
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Safdari P, Höckerstedt L, Brosche M, Salojärvi J, Laine AL. Genotype-Specific Expression and NLR Repertoire Contribute to Phenotypic Resistance Diversity in Plantago lanceolata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:675760. [PMID: 34322142 PMCID: PMC8311189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.675760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High levels of phenotypic variation in resistance appears to be nearly ubiquitous across natural host populations. Molecular processes contributing to this variation in nature are still poorly known, although theory predicts resistance to evolve at specific loci driven by pathogen-imposed selection. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes play an important role in pathogen recognition, downstream defense responses and defense signaling. Identifying the natural variation in NLRs has the potential to increase our understanding of how NLR diversity is generated and maintained, and how to manage disease resistance. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of five different Plantago lanceolata genotypes when inoculated by the same strain of obligate fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis. A de novo transcriptome assembly of RNA-sequencing data yielded 24,332 gene models with N50 value of 1,329 base pairs and gene space completeness of 66.5%. The gene expression data showed highly varying responses where each plant genotype demonstrated a unique expression profile in response to the pathogen, regardless of the resistance phenotype. Analysis on the conserved NB-ARC domain demonstrated a diverse NLR repertoire in P. lanceolata consistent with the high phenotypic resistance diversity in this species. We find evidence of selection generating diversity at some of the NLR loci. Jointly, our results demonstrate that phenotypic resistance diversity results from a crosstalk between different defense mechanisms. In conclusion, characterizing the architecture of resistance in natural host populations may shed unprecedented light on the potential of evolution to generate variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Safdari
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Layla Höckerstedt
- Climate System Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosche
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Wei YM, Ren ZJ, Wang BH, Zhang L, Zhao YJ, Wu JW, Li LG, Zhang XS, Zhao XY. A nitrate transporter encoded by ZmNPF7.9 is essential for maize seed development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 308:110901. [PMID: 34034862 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient for plants and regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. Nitrate is one of the major forms of nitrogen in plants. However, the role of nitrate uptake and allocation in seed development is not fully understood. Here, we identified the maize (Zea mays) small-kernel mutant zmnpf7.9 and characterized the candidate gene, ZmNPF7.9, which was the same gene as nitrate transport 1.5 (NRT1.5) in maize. This gene is specifically expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer cells of maize endosperm. Dysfunction of ZmNPF7.9 resulted in delayed endosperm development, abnormal starch deposition and decreased hundred-grain weight. Functional analysis of cRNA-injected Xenopus oocytes showed that ZmNPF7.9 is a low-affinity, pH-dependent bidirectional nitrate transporter. Moreover, the amount of nitrate in mature seeds of the zmnpf7.9 mutant was reduced. These suggest that ZmNPF7.9 is involved in delivering nitrate from maternal tissues to the developing endosperm. Moreover, most of the key genes associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, carbon fixation, carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids pathways in the zmnpf7.9 mutant were significantly down-regulated. Thus, our results demonstrate that ZmNPF7.9 plays a specific role in seed development and grain weight by regulating nutrition transport and metabolism, which might provide useful information for maize genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhi Jie Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Bo Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ya Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jia Wen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Le Gong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiang Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China; College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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15
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Vittozzi Y, Nadzieja M, Rogato A, Radutoiu S, Valkov VT, Chiurazzi M. The Lotus japonicus NPF3.1 Is a Nodule-Induced Gene That Plays a Positive Role in Nodule Functioning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688187. [PMID: 34220910 PMCID: PMC8253256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with the soil bacteria, rhizobia. Proteins of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) are largely represented in the subcategory of nodule-induced transporters identified in mature nodules. The role of nitrate as a signal/nutrient regulating nodule functioning has been recently highlighted in the literature, and NPFs may play a central role in both the permissive and inhibitory pathways controlling N2-fixation efficiency. In this study, we present the characterization of the Lotus japonicus LjNPF3.1 gene. LjNPF3.1 is upregulated in mature nodules. Promoter studies show transcriptional activation confined to the cortical region of both roots and nodules. Under symbiotic conditions, Ljnpf3.1-knockout mutant's display reduced shoot development and anthocyanin accumulation as a result of nutrient deprivation. Altogether, LjNPF3.1 plays a role in maximizing the beneficial outcome of the root nodule symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Vittozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Rogato
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Totev Valkov
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Napoli, Italy
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16
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Lhamo D, Luan S. Potential Networks of Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium Channels and Transporters in Arabidopsis Roots at a Single Cell Resolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689545. [PMID: 34220911 PMCID: PMC8242960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are three major macronutrients essential for plant life. These nutrients are acquired and transported by several large families of transporters expressed in plant roots. However, it remains largely unknown how these transporters are distributed in different cell-types that work together to transfer the nutrients from the soil to different layers of root cells and eventually reach vasculature for massive flow. Using the single cell transcriptomics data from Arabidopsis roots, we profiled the transcriptional patterns of putative nutrient transporters in different root cell-types. Such analyses identified a number of uncharacterized NPK transporters expressed in the root epidermis to mediate NPK uptake and distribution to the adjacent cells. Some transport genes showed cortex- and endodermis-specific expression to direct the nutrient flow toward the vasculature. For long-distance transport, a variety of transporters were shown to express and potentially function in the xylem and phloem. In the context of subcellular distribution of mineral nutrients, the NPK transporters at subcellular compartments were often found to show ubiquitous expression patterns, which suggests function in house-keeping processes. Overall, these single cell transcriptomic analyses provide working models of nutrient transport from the epidermis across the cortex to the vasculature, which can be further tested experimentally in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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17
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Ren YR, Zhao Q, Yang YY, Zhang R, Wang XF, Zhang TE, You CX, Huo HQ, Hao YJ. Interaction of BTB-TAZ protein MdBT2 and DELLA protein MdRGL3a regulates nitrate-mediated plant growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:750-766. [PMID: 33764451 PMCID: PMC8154073 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate acts as a vital signal molecule in the modulation of plant growth and development. The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) is also involved in this process. However, the exact molecular mechanism of how nitrate and GA signaling pathway work together in regulating plant growth remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that a nitrate-responsive BTB/TAZ protein MdBT2 participates in regulating nitrate-induced plant growth in apple (Malus × domestica). Yeast two-hybridization, protein pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that MdBT2 interacts with a DELLA protein MdRGL3a, which is required for the ubiquitination and degradation of MdRGL3a proteins via a 26S proteasome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, heterologous expression of MdBT2 partially rescued growth inhibition caused by overexpression of MdRGL3a in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings indicate that MdBT2 promotes nitrate-induced plant growth partially through reducing the abundance of the DELLA protein MdRGL3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Tian-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - He-Qiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
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18
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The Expression Characteristics of NPF Genes and Their Response to Vernalization and Nitrogen Deficiency in Rapeseed. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094944. [PMID: 34066572 PMCID: PMC8125141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY (NPF) genes, initially characterized as nitrate or peptide transporters in plants, are involved in the transport of a large variety of substrates, including amino acids, nitrate, auxin (IAA), jasmonates (JAs), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) and glucosinolates. A total of 169 potential functional NPF genes were excavated in Brassica napus, and they showed diversified expression patterns in 90 different organs or tissues based on transcriptome profile data. The complex time-serial expression changes were found for most functional NPF genes in the development process of leaves, silique walls and seeds, which indicated that the expression of Brassica napus NPF (BnaNPF) genes may respond to altered phytohormone and secondary metabolite content through combining with promoter element enrichment analysis. Furthermore, many BnaNPF genes were detected to respond to vernalization with two different patterns, and 20 BnaNPF genes responded to nitrate deficiency. These results will provide useful information for further investigation of the biological function of BnaNPF genes for growth and development in rapeseed.
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19
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Devanna BN, Jaswal R, Singh PK, Kapoor R, Jain P, Kumar G, Sharma Y, Samantaray S, Sharma TR. Role of transporters in plant disease resistance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:849-867. [PMID: 33639002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome-wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease-resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Ritu Kapoor
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | | | - Tilak R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Division of Crop Science, New Delhi, India
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20
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A single-cell analysis of the Arabidopsis vegetative shoot apex. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1056-1074.e8. [PMID: 33725481 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem allows for reiterative formation of new aerial structures throughout the life cycle of a plant. We use single-cell RNA sequencing to define the cellular taxonomy of the Arabidopsis vegetative shoot apex at the transcriptome level. We find that the shoot apex is composed of highly heterogeneous cells, which can be partitioned into 7 broad populations with 23 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. We delineate cell-cycle continuums and developmental trajectories of epidermal cells, vascular tissue, and leaf mesophyll cells and infer transcription factors and gene expression signatures associated with cell fate decisions. Integrative analysis of shoot and root apical cell populations further reveals common and distinct features of epidermal and vascular tissues. Our results, thus, offer a valuable resource for investigating the basic principles underlying cell division and differentiation in plants at single-cell resolution.
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21
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Zhao L, Chen P, Liu P, Song Y, Zhang D. Genetic Effects and Expression Patterns of the Nitrate Transporter (NRT) Gene Family in Populus tomentosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661635. [PMID: 34054902 PMCID: PMC8155728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is an important source of nitrogen for poplar trees. The nitrate transporter (NRT) gene family is generally responsible for nitrate absorption and distribution. However, few analyses of the genetic effects and expression patterns of NRT family members have been conducted in woody plants. Here, using poplar as a model, we identified and characterized 98 members of the PtoNRT gene family. We calculated the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of the PtoNRT family and identified poplar-specific NRT genes and their expression patterns. To construct a core triple genetic network (association - gene expression - phenotype) for leaf nitrogen content, a candidate gene family association study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and mapping of expression quantitative trait nucleotides (eQTNs) were combined, using data from 435 unrelated Populus. tomentosa individuals. PtoNRT genes exhibited distinct expression patterns between twelve tissues, circadian rhythm points, and stress responses. The association study showed that genotype combinations of allelic variations of three PtoNRT genes had a strong effect on leaf nitrogen content. WGCNA produced two co-expression modules containing PtoNRT genes. We also found that four PtoNRT genes defined thousands of eQTL signals. WGCNA and eQTL provided comprehensive analysis of poplar nitrogen-related regulatory factors, including MYB17 and WRKY21. NRT genes were found to be regulated by five plant hormones, among which abscisic acid was the main regulator. Our study provides new insights into the NRT gene family in poplar and enables the exploitation of novel genetic factors to improve the nitrate use efficiency of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Panfei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuepeng Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Deqiang Zhang,
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Wen J, Li PF, Ran F, Guo PC, Zhu JT, Yang J, Zhang LL, Chen P, Li JN, Du H. Genome-wide characterization, expression analyses, and functional prediction of the NPF family in Brassica napus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:871. [PMID: 33287703 PMCID: PMC7720588 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NRT1/PTR) family (NPF) members are essential transporters for many substrates in plants, including nitrate, hormones, peptides, and secondary metabolites. Here, we report the global characterization of NPF in the important oil crop Brassica napus, including that for phylogeny, gene/protein structures, duplications, and expression patterns. Results A total of 199 B. napus (BnaNPFs) NPF-coding genes were identified. Phylogenetic analyses categorized these genes into 11 subfamilies, including three new ones. Sequence feature analysis revealed that members of each subfamily contain conserved gene and protein structures. Many hormone−/abiotic stress-responsive cis-acting elements and transcription factor binding sites were identified in BnaNPF promoter regions. Chromosome distribution analysis indicated that BnaNPFs within a subfamily tend to cluster on one chromosome. Syntenic relationship analysis showed that allotetraploid creation by its ancestors (Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea) (57.89%) and small-scale duplication events (39.85%) contributed to rapid BnaNPF expansion in B. napus. A genome-wide spatiotemporal expression survey showed that NPF genes of each Arabidopsis and B. napus subfamily have preferential expression patterns across developmental stages, most of them are expressed in a few organs. RNA-seq analysis showed that many BnaNPFs (32.66%) have wide exogenous hormone-inductive profiles, suggesting important hormone-mediated patterns in diverse bioprocesses. Homologs in a clade or branch within a given subfamily have conserved organ/spatiotemporal and hormone-inductive profiles, indicating functional conservation during evolution. qRT-PCR-based comparative expression analysis of the 12 BnaNPFs in the NPF2–1 subfamily between high- and low-glucosinolate (GLS) content B. napus varieties revealed that homologs of AtNPF2.9 (BnaNPF2.12, BnaNPF2.13, and BnaNPF2.14), AtNPF2.10 (BnaNPF2.19 and BnaNPF2.20), and AtNPF2.11 (BnaNPF2.26 and BnaNPF2.28) might be involved in GLS transport. qRT-PCR further confirmed the hormone-responsive expression profiles of these putative GLS transporter genes. Conclusion We identified 199 B. napus BnaNPFs; these were divided into 11 subfamilies. Allopolyploidy and small-scale duplication events contributed to the immense expansion of BnaNPFs in B. napus. The BnaNPFs had preferential expression patterns in different tissues/organs and wide hormone-induced expression profiles. Four BnaNPFs in the NPF2–1 subfamily may be involved in GLS transport. Our results provide an abundant gene resource for further functional analysis of BnaNPFs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07274-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Peng-Feng Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Feng Ran
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia-Tian Zhu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jin Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Lan-Lan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jia-Na Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Hai Du
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapeseed, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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He Y, Xi X, Zha Q, Lu Y, Jiang A. Ectopic expression of a grape nitrate transporter VvNPF6.5 improves nitrate content and nitrogen use efficiency in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:549. [PMID: 33287709 PMCID: PMC7722303 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate plays an important role in grapevines vegetative and reproductive development. However, how grapevines uptake, translocate and utilize nitrate and the molecular mechanism still remains to be investigated. RESULTS In this study, we report the functional characterization of VvNPF6.5, a member of nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NRT1/PTR/NPF) in Vitis vinifera. Subcellular localization in Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that VvNPF6.5 is plasma membrane localized. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that VvNPF6.5 is expressed predominantly in roots and stems and its expression is rapidly induced by nitrate. Functional characterization using cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that VvNPF6.5 uptake nitrate in a pH dependent way and function as a dual-affinity nitrate transporter involved in both high- and low-affinity nitrate uptake. Further ectopic expression of VvNPF6.5 in Arabidopsis resulted in more 15NO3- accumulation in shoots and roots and significantly improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Moreover, VvNPF6.5 might participate in the nitrate signaling by positively regulating the expression of primary nitrate response genes. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that VvNPF6.5 encodes a pH-dependent, dual-affinity nitrate transporter. VvNPF6.5 regulates nitrate uptake and allocation in grapevines and is involved in primary nitrate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani He
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xi
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zha
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Jiang
- Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Shanghai Key Lab of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Prabhala BK, Rahman M, Nour-Eldin HH, Jørgensen FS, Mirza O. PTR2/POT/NPF transporters: what makes them tick? ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 123:219-240. [PMID: 33485485 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PTR2/POT/NPF are a family of primarily proton coupled transporters that belong to the major facilitator super family and are found across most kingdoms of life. They are involved in uptake of nutrients, hormones, ions and several orally administered drug molecules. A wealth of structural and functional data is available for this family; the similarity between the protein structural features have been discussed and investigated in detail on several occasions, however there are no reports on the unification of substrate information. In order to fill this gap, we have collected information about substrates across the entire PTR2/POT/NPF family in order to provide key insights into what makes a molecule a substrate and whether there are common features among confirmed substrates. This review will be of particular interest for researchers in the field trying to probe the mechanisms responsible for the different selectivity of these transporters at a molecular resolution, and to design novel substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala K Prabhala
- Institute of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan; Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hussam H Nour-Eldin
- DynaMo Center, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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The Molecular Priming of Defense Responses is Differently Regulated in Grapevine Genotypes Following Elicitor Application against Powdery Mildew. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186776. [PMID: 32942781 PMCID: PMC7555711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes associated with response to powdery mildew (PM) caused by Erysiphe necator have been largely explored in Vitis vinifera cultivars, but little is known on transcriptional and metabolic modifications following application of resistance elicitors against this disease. In this study, the whole transcriptome sequencing, and hormone and metabolite analyses were combined to dissect long-term defense mechanisms induced by molecular reprogramming events in PM-infected ‘Moscato’ and ‘Nebbiolo’ leaves treated with three resistance inducers: acibenzolar-S-methyl, potassium phosphonate, and laminarin. Although all compounds were effective in counteracting the disease, acibenzolar-S-methyl caused the most intense transcriptional modifications in both cultivars. These involved a strong down-regulation of photosynthesis and energy metabolism and changes in carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning that most likely shifted the plant growth-defense trade-off towards the establishment of disease resistance processes. It was also shown that genotype-associated metabolic signals significantly affected the cultivar defense machinery. Indeed, ‘Nebbiolo’ and ‘Moscato’ built up different defense strategies, often enhanced by the application of a specific elicitor, which resulted in either reinforcement of early defense mechanisms (e.g., epicuticular wax deposition and overexpression of pathogenesis-related genes in ‘Nebbiolo’), or accumulation of endogenous hormones and antimicrobial compounds (e.g., high content of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and viniferin in ‘Moscato’).
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26
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Wang H, Wan Y, Buchner P, King R, Ma H, Hawkesford MJ. Phylogeny and gene expression of the complete NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER FAMILY in Triticum aestivum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4531-4546. [PMID: 32462194 PMCID: PMC7382379 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
NPF genes encode membrane transporters involved in the transport of a large variety of substrates including nitrate and peptides. The NPF gene family has been described for many plants, but the whole NPF gene family for wheat has not been completely identified. The release of the wheat reference genome has enabled the identification of the entire wheat NPF gene family. A systematic analysis of the whole wheat NPF gene family was performed, including responses of specific gene expression to development and nitrogen supply. A total of 331 NPF genes (113 homoeologous groups) have been identified in wheat. The chromosomal location of the NPF genes is unevenly distributed, with predominant occurrence in the long arms of the chromosomes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that wheat NPF genes are closely clustered with Arabidopsis, Brachypodium, and rice orthologues, and subdivided into eight subfamilies. The expression profiles of wheat NPF genes were examined using RNA-seq data, and a subset of 44 NPF genes (homoeologous groups) with contrasting expression responses to nitrogen and/or development in different tissues were identified. The systematic identification of gene composition, chromosomal locations, evolutionary relationships, and expression profiles contributes to a better understanding of the roles of the wheat NPF genes and lays the foundation for further functional analysis in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Robert King
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, UK
| | - Hongxiang Ma
- Institute of Food Crops, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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27
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Pirrello C, Mizzotti C, Tomazetti TC, Colombo M, Bettinelli P, Prodorutti D, Peressotti E, Zulini L, Stefanini M, Angeli G, Masiero S, Welter LJ, Hausmann L, Vezzulli S. Emergent Ascomycetes in Viticulture: An Interdisciplinary Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1394. [PMID: 31824521 PMCID: PMC6883492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of pesticide usage is a current imperative and the implementation of sustainable viticulture is an urgent necessity. A potential solution, which is being increasingly adopted, is offered by the use of grapevine cultivars resistant to its main pathogenic threats. This, however, has contributed to changes in defense strategies resulting in the occurrence of secondary diseases, which were previously controlled. Concomitantly, the ongoing climate crisis is contributing to destabilizing the increasingly dynamic viticultural context. In this review, we explore the available knowledge on three Ascomycetes which are considered emergent and causal agents of powdery mildew, black rot and anthracnose. We also aim to provide a survey on methods for phenotyping disease symptoms in fields, greenhouse and lab conditions, and for disease control underlying the insurgence of pathogen resistance to fungicide. Thus, we discuss fungal genetic variability, highlighting the usage and development of molecular markers and barcoding, coupled with genome sequencing. Moreover, we extensively report on the current knowledge available on grapevine-ascomycete interactions, as well as the mechanisms developed by the host to counteract the attack. Indeed, to better understand these resistance mechanisms, it is relevant to identify pathogen effectors which are involved in the infection process and how grapevine resistance genes function and impact the downstream cascade. Dealing with such a wealth of information on both pathogens and the host, the horizon is now represented by multidisciplinary approaches, combining traditional and innovative methods of cultivation. This will support the translation from theory to practice, in an attempt to understand biology very deeply and manage the spread of these Ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pirrello
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiago C. Tomazetti
- Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monica Colombo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paola Bettinelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Daniele Prodorutti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Elisa Peressotti
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Gino Angeli
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Leocir J. Welter
- Department of Natural and Social Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi, Curitibanos, Brazil
| | - Ludger Hausmann
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof, Siebeldingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vezzulli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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28
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Niño-González M, Novo-Uzal E, Richardson DN, Barros PM, Duque P. More Transporters, More Substrates: The Arabidopsis Major Facilitator Superfamily Revisited. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1182-1202. [PMID: 31330327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) is ubiquitous in living organisms and represents the largest group of secondary active membrane transporters. In plants, significant research efforts have focused on the role of specific families within the MFS, particularly those transporting macronutrients (C, N, and P) that constitute the vast majority of the members of this superfamily. Other MFS families remain less explored, although a plethora of additional substrates and physiological functions have been uncovered. Nevertheless, the lack of a systematic approach to analyzing the MFS as a whole has obscured the high diversity and versatility of these transporters. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of all annotated MFS domain-containing proteins encoded in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and propose that this superfamily of transporters consists of 218 members, clustered in 22 families. In reviewing the available information regarding the diversity in biological functions and substrates of Arabidopsis MFS members, we provide arguments for intensified research on these membrane transporters to unveil the breadth of their physiological relevance, disclose the molecular mechanisms underlying their mode of action, and explore their biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pedro M Barros
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, ITQB NOVA - Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula Duque
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
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29
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Pike S, Matthes MS, McSteen P, Gassmann W. Using Xenopus laevis Oocytes to Functionally Characterize Plant Transporters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 4:e20087. [PMID: 30707001 DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functionally characterizing plant membrane transport proteins is challenging. Typically, heterologous systems are used to study them. Immature eggs (oocytes) of the South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis are considered an ideal expression system for such studies. These large oocytes have a low number of endogenous transport systems in their plasma membranes and highly express foreign mRNA; the oocyte plasma membrane is the default destination of integral membrane proteins that lack recognized organellar sorting signals. These features facilitate almost background-free characterization of putative plant membrane transporters. Here we describe how to isolate Xenopus laevis oocytes, prepare capped sense RNA (cRNA) of the maize boron importer TASSEL-LESS1 (TLS1) as an example, microinject the cRNA into the isolated oocytes, and functionally assess the boron import capabilities of TLS1 in an oocyte swelling assay. These protocols can be easily adapted to study other plant and non-plant transporters with putative import function. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Pike
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michaela S Matthes
- Division of Biological Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Walter Gassmann
- Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Apple NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER Family (NPF) Genes Reveals MdNPF6.5 Confers High Capacity for Nitrogen Uptake under Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092761. [PMID: 30223432 PMCID: PMC6164405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) proteins play important roles in moving substrates such as nitrate, peptides, amino acids, dicarboxylates, malate, glucosinolates, indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid. Although a unified nomenclature of NPF members in plants has been reported, this gene family has not been studied as thoroughly in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) as it has in other species. Our objective was to provide general information about apple MdNPFs and analyze the transcriptional responses of some members to different levels of nitrate supplies. We identified 73 of these genes from the apple genome and used phylogenetic analysis to organize them into eight major groups. These apple NPFs are structurally conserved, based on alignment of amino acid sequences and analyses of phylogenetics and conserved domains. Examination of their genomic structures indicated that these genes are highly conserved among other species. We monitored 14 cloned MdNPFs that showed varied expression patterns under different nitrate concentrations and in different tissues. Among them, NPF6.5 was significantly induced by both low and high levels of nitrate. When compared with the wild type, 35S:MdNPF6.5 transgenic apple calli were more tolerant to low-N stress, which demonstrated that this gene confers greater capacity for nitrogen uptake under those conditions. We also analyzed the expression patterns of those 73 genes in various tissues. Our findings benefit future research on this family of genes.
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31
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Gu J, Li Z, Mao Y, Struik PC, Zhang H, Liu L, Wang Z, Yang J. Roles of nitrogen and cytokinin signals in root and shoot communications in maximizing of plant productivity and their agronomic applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:320-331. [PMID: 30080619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential, often limiting, factor in plant growth and development. To regulate growth under limited nitrogen supply, plants sense the internal and external nitrogen status, and coordinate various metabolic processes and developmental programs accordingly. This coordination requires the transmission of various signaling molecules that move across the entire plant. Cytokinins, phytohormones derived from adenine and synthesized in various parts of the plant, are considered major local and long-distance messengers. Cytokinin metabolism and signaling are closely associated with nitrogen availability. They are systemically transported via the vasculature from plant roots to shoots, and vice versa, thereby coordinating shoot and root development. Tight linkage exists between the nitrogen signaling network and cytokinins during diverse developmental and physiological processes. However, the cytokinin-nitrogen interactions and the communication systems involved in sensing rhizospheric nitrogen status and in regulating canopy development remain obscure. We review current knowledge on cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signaling, nitrogen acquisition, metabolism and signaling, and their interactive roles in regulating root-shoot morphological and physiological characteristics. We also discuss the role of spatio-temporal regulation of cytokinins in enhancing beneficial crop traits of yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiqi Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Wang YY, Cheng YH, Chen KE, Tsay YF. Nitrate Transport, Signaling, and Use Efficiency. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:85-122. [PMID: 29570365 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen accounts for approximately 60% of the fertilizer consumed each year; thus, it represents one of the major input costs for most nonlegume crops. Nitrate is one of the two major forms of nitrogen that plants acquire from the soil. Mechanistic insights into nitrate transport and signaling have enabled new strategies for enhancing nitrogen utilization efficiency, for lowering input costs for farming, and, more importantly, for alleviating environmental impacts (e.g., eutrophication and production of the greenhouse gas N2O). Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding how nitrate is acquired from the surroundings, how it is efficiently distributed into different plant tissues in response to environmental changes, how nitrate signaling is perceived and transmitted, and how shoot and root nitrogen status is communicated. Several key components of these processes have proven to be novel tools for enhancing nitrate- and nitrogen-use efficiency. In this review, we focus on the roles of NRT1 and NRT2 in nitrate uptake and nitrate allocation among different tissues; we describe the functions of the transceptor NRT1.1, transcription factors, and small signaling peptides in nitrate signaling and tissue communication; and we compile the new strategies for improving nitrogen-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-En Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Tsay
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
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Berger A, Brouquisse R, Pathak PK, Hichri I, Singh I, Bhatia S, Boscari A, Igamberdiev AU, Gupta KJ. Pathways of nitric oxide metabolism and operation of phytoglobins in legume nodules: missing links and future directions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018. [PMID: 29351361 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between legumes and rhizobia leads to the establishment of a beneficial symbiotic relationship. Recent advances in legume - rhizobium symbiosis revealed that various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species including nitric oxide (NO) play important roles during this process. Nodule development occurs with a transition from a normoxic environment during the establishment of symbiosis to a microoxic environment in functional nodules. Such oxygen dynamics are required for activation and repression of various NO production and scavenging pathways. Both the plant and bacterial partners participate in the synthesis and degradation of NO. However, the pathways of NO production and degradation as well as their cross-talk and involvement in the metabolism are still a matter of debate. The plant-originated reductive pathways are known to contribute to the NO production in nodules under hypoxic conditions. Non-symbiotic hemoglobin (phytoglobin) (Pgb) possesses high NO oxygenation capacity, buffers and scavenges NO. Its operation, through a respiratory cycle called Pgb-NO cycle, leads to the maintenance of redox and energy balance in nodules. The role of Pgb/NO cycle under fluctuating NO production from soil needs further investigation for complete understanding of NO regulatory mechanism governing nodule development to attain optimal food security under changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Berger
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pathak
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Imène Hichri
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sabhyata Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Alexandre Boscari
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRA, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B3X9, Canada
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Arro J, Cuenca J, Yang Y, Liang Z, Cousins P, Zhong GY. A transcriptome analysis of two grapevine populations segregating for tendril phyllotaxy. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2017; 4:17032. [PMID: 28713572 PMCID: PMC5506248 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera L. typically exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern, two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free node. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of this pattern by characterizing differentially expressed genes in 10 bulk samples of young tendril tissue from two grapevine populations showing segregation of mutant or wild-type shoot/tendril phyllotaxy. One population was the selfed progeny and the other one, an outcrossed progeny of a Vitis hybrid, 'Roger's Red'. We analyzed 13 375 expressed genes and carried out in-depth analyses of 324 of them, which were differentially expressed with a minimum of 1.5-fold changes between the mutant and wild-type bulk samples in both selfed and cross populations. A significant portion of these genes were direct cis-binding targets of 14 transcription factor families that were themselves differentially expressed. Network-based dependency analysis further revealed that most of the significantly rewired connections among the 10 most connected hub genes involved at least one transcription factor. TCP3 and MYB12, which were known important for plant-form development, were among these transcription factors. More importantly, TCP3 and MYB12 were found in this study to be involved in regulating the lignin gene PRX52, which is important to plant-form development. A further support evidence for the roles of TCP3-MYB12-PRX52 in contributing to tendril phyllotaxy was the findings of two other lignin-related genes uniquely expressed in the mutant phyllotaxy background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Arro
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Jose Cuenca
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Yingzhen Yang
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY 14456, USA
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Corratgé-Faillie C, Lacombe B. Substrate (un)specificity of Arabidopsis NRT1/PTR FAMILY (NPF) proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3107-3113. [PMID: 28186545 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The conventional approach to categorizing transporters has been to class them according to their sequence homology, defining a 'family' (or a 'superfamily' if they are numerous), and according to their substrate specificity or selectivity. This general view is still relevant for some transporters, but it is being increasingly challenged. Here, we take the NRT1/PTR FAMILY (NPF) as one such example. NPF members do indeed display sequence and structural homologies with peptide transporter (PTR) proteins involved in the uptake of di- and tri-peptides in most other organisms. And in plants they were initially characterized as nitrate or peptide transporters. However, in recent years several other substrates have been identified, namely nitrite, chloride, glucosinolates, auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonates (JAs), and gibberellins (GAs). Some of these transporters are even capable of transporting more than one different substrate (e.g. nitrate/auxin, nitrate/ABA, nitrate/glucosinolates, or GA/JA). In this review, we give an overview of the substrate-specificity of the Arabidopsis NPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Corratgé-Faillie
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon"place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR CNRS/INRA/SupAgro/UM, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes "Claude Grignon"place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France
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Fan X, Naz M, Fan X, Xuan W, Miller AJ, Xu G. Plant nitrate transporters: from gene function to application. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2463-2475. [PMID: 28158856 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We summarize nitrate transporters and discuss their potential in breeding for improved nitrogen use efficiency and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Misbah Naz
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Anthony J Miller
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Chen S, Li F, Liu D, Jiang C, Cui L, Shen L, Liu G, Yang A. Dynamic expression analysis of early response genes induced by potato virus Y in PVY-resistant Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:297-311. [PMID: 27896424 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Dynamic transcriptional changes of the host early responses genes were detected in PVY-resistant tobacco varieties infected with Potato virus Y; PVY resistance is a complex process that needs series of stress responses. Potato virus Y (PVY) causes a severe viral disease in cultivated crops, especially in Solanum plants. To understand the molecular basis of plant responses to the PVY stress, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray approaches were combined to identify the potentially important or novel genes that were involved in early stages (12 h, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 days) of tobacco response to PVY infection. Dynamic changes of the host plant early responses to PVY infection on a transcriptional level were detected. In total, 167 different expressed ESTs were identified. The majority of genes involved in the metabolic process were found to be down-regulated at 12 h and 1 day, and then up-regulated at least one later period. Genes related to signaling and transcriptions were almost up-regulated at 12 h, 1 or 2 days, while stress response genes were almost up-regulated at a later stage. Genes involved in transcription, transport, cell wall, and several stress responses were found to have changed expression during the PVY infection stage, and numbers of these genes have not been previously reported to be associated with tobacco PVY infection. The diversity expression of these genes indicated that PVY resistance is a complex process that needs a series of stress responses. To resist the PVY infection, the tobacco plant has numerous active and silent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Caihong Jiang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lijie Cui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guanshan Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Chamizo-Ampudia A, Sanz-Luque E, Llamas A, Galvan A, Fernandez E. Nitrate Reductase Regulates Plant Nitric Oxide Homeostasis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:163-174. [PMID: 28065651 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate reductase (NR) is a key enzyme for nitrogen acquisition by plants, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Nitrate, its main substrate, is required for signaling and is widely distributed in diverse tissues in plants. In addition, NR has been proposed as an important enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, NR has been shown to play a role in NO homeostasis by supplying electrons from NAD(P)H through its diaphorase/dehydrogenase domain both to a truncated hemoglobin THB1, which scavenges NO by its dioxygenase activity, and to the molybdoenzyme NO-forming nitrite reductase (NOFNiR) that is responsible for NO synthesis from nitrite. We review how NR may play a central role in plant biology by controlling the amounts of NO, a key signaling molecule in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain; Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angel Llamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Aurora Galvan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emilio Fernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain.
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Yang X, Xia X, Zhang Z, Nong B, Zeng Y, Xiong F, Wu Y, Gao J, Deng G, Li D. QTL Mapping by Whole Genome Re-sequencing and Analysis of Candidate Genes for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1634. [PMID: 28983307 PMCID: PMC5613164 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a major nutritional element in rice production. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer has caused severe environmental pollution. Therefore, development of rice varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is urgent for sustainable agriculture. In this study, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with whole genome re-sequencing (WGS) technology was applied to finely map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for NUE. A key QTL, designated as qNUE6 was identified on chromosome 6 and further validated by Insertion/Deletion (InDel) marker-based substitutional mapping in recombinants from F2 population (NIL-13B4 × GH998). Forty-four genes were identified in this 266.5-kb region. According to detection and annotation analysis of variation sites, 39 genes with large-effect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and large-effect InDels were selected as candidates and their expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Significant differences in the expression levels of LOC_Os06g15370 (peptide transporter PTR2) and LOC_Os06g15420 (asparagine synthetase) were observed between two parents (Y11 and GH998). Phylogenetic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana identified two closely related homologs, AT1G68570 (AtNPF3.1) and AT5G65010 (ASN2), which share 72.3 and 87.5% amino acid similarity with LOC_Os06g15370 and LOC_Os06g15420, respectively. Taken together, our results suggested that qNUE6 is a possible candidate gene for NUE in rice. The fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of qNUE6 provide the basis of molecular breeding for genetic improvement of rice varieties with high NUE, and lay the foundation for further cloning and functional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghai Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Xiuzhong Xia
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Zongqiong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Baoxuan Nong
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Faqian Xiong
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Ju Gao
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
| | - Danting Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning, China
- *Correspondence: Danting Li
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David LC, Berquin P, Kanno Y, Seo M, Daniel-Vedele F, Ferrario-Méry S. N availability modulates the role of NPF3.1, a gibberellin transporter, in GA-mediated phenotypes in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2016; 244:1315-1328. [PMID: 27541496 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AtNPF3.1 gene expression is promoted by limiting nitrogen nutrition. Atnpf3.1 mutants are affected in hypocotyl elongation and seed germination under conditions of low-nitrate availability. The NITRATE TRANSPORTER1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NPF) family encodes nitrate or peptides transporters, some of which are also able to transport hormones. AtNPF3.1 has been described as a nitrate/nitrite/gibberellin transporter. Until now only its gibberellins (GAs) transport capacity have been proven in planta. We further analyzed its substrate specificity towards different GA species using a yeast heterologous system which revealed that (1) NPF3.1 transported not only bioactive GAs but also their precursors and metabolites and (2) the GAs' import activity of NPF3.1 was not affected by the presence of exogenous nitrate. Gene expression analysis along with germination assays and hypocotyl length measurements of loss of function mutants was used to understand the in planta role of NPF3.1. GUS staining revealed that this gene is expressed mainly in the endodermis of roots and hypocotyls, in shoots, stamens, and dry seeds. Germination assays in the presence of paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, revealed that the germination rate of npf3.1 mutants was lower compared to wild type when GA was added at the same time. Likewise, hypocotyl length measurements showed that the npf3.1 mutants were less sensitive to exogenous GA addition in the presence of paclobutrazol, compared to wild type. Moreover, this phenotype was observed only when plants were grown on low-nitrate supply. In addition, NPF3.1 gene expression was upregulated by low exogenous nitrate concentrations and the npf3.1 mutants exhibited a not yet described GA-related phenotype under these conditions. All together, these results indicated that NPF3.1 is indeed involved in GAs transport in planta under low-nitrate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure C David
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Patrick Berquin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Françoise Daniel-Vedele
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvie Ferrario-Méry
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France.
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Hu R, Qiu D, Chen Y, Miller AJ, Fan X, Pan X, Zhang M. Knock-Down of a Tonoplast Localized Low-Affinity Nitrate Transporter OsNPF7.2 Affects Rice Growth under High Nitrate Supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1529. [PMID: 27826301 PMCID: PMC5078692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The large nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) has been shown to transport diverse substrates, including nitrate, amino acids, peptides, phytohormones, and glucosinolates. However, the rice (Oryza sativa) root-specific family member OsNPF7.2 has not been functionally characterized. Here, our data show that OsNPF7.2 is a tonoplast localized low-affinity nitrate transporter, that affects rice growth under high nitrate supply. Expression analysis showed that OsNPF7.2 was mainly expressed in the elongation and maturation zones of roots, especially in the root sclerenchyma, cortex and stele. It was also induced by high concentrations of nitrate. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsNPF7.2 was localized on the tonoplast of large and small vacuoles. Heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that OsNPF7.2 was a low-affinity nitrate transporter. Knock-down of OsNPF7.2 retarded rice growth under high concentrations of nitrate. Therefore, we deduce that OsNPF7.2 plays a role in intracellular allocation of nitrate in roots, and thus influences rice growth under high nitrate supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Diyang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Metabolic Biology Department, John Innes CentreNorwich, UK
| | | | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
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Pessina S, Angeli D, Martens S, Visser RGF, Bai Y, Salamini F, Velasco R, Schouten HJ, Malnoy M. The knock-down of the expression of MdMLO19 reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple (Malus domestica). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2033-44. [PMID: 26997489 PMCID: PMC5043462 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Varieties resistant to powdery mildew (PM; caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) are a major component of sustainable apple production. Resistance can be achieved by knocking-out susceptibility S-genes to be singled out among members of the MLO (Mildew Locus O) gene family. Candidates are MLO S-genes of phylogenetic clade V up-regulated upon PM inoculation, such as MdMLO11 and 19 (clade V) and MdMLO18 (clade VII). We report the knock-down through RNA interference of MdMLO11 and 19, as well as the complementation of resistance with MdMLO18 in the Arabidopsis thaliana triple mlo mutant Atmlo2/6/12. The knock-down of MdMLO19 reduced PM disease severity by 75%, whereas the knock-down of MdMLO11, alone or in combination with MdMLO19, did not result in any reduction or additional reduction of susceptibility compared with MdMLO19 alone. The test in A. thaliana excluded a role for MdMLO18 in PM susceptibility. Cell wall appositions (papillae) were present in both PM-resistant and PM-susceptible plants, but were larger in resistant lines. No obvious negative phenotype was observed in plants with mlo genes knocked down. Apparently, MdMLO19 plays the pivotal role in apple PM susceptibility and its knock-down induces a very significant level of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pessina
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dario Angeli
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Salamini
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Henk J Schouten
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that promote a wide range of developmental processes. While GA signalling is well understood, little is known about how GA is transported or how GA distribution is regulated. Here we utilize fluorescently labelled GAs (GA-Fl) to screen for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in GA transport. We show that the NPF3 transporter efficiently transports GA across cell membranes in vitro and GA-Fl in vivo. NPF3 is expressed in root endodermis and repressed by GA. NPF3 is targeted to the plasma membrane and subject to rapid BFA-dependent recycling. We show that abscisic acid (ABA), an antagonist of GA, is also transported by NPF3 in vitro. ABA promotes NPF3 expression and GA-Fl uptake in plants. On the basis of these results, we propose that GA distribution and activity in Arabidopsis is partly regulated by NPF3 acting as an influx carrier and that GA-ABA interaction may occur at the level of transport.
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Pessina S, Lenzi L, Perazzolli M, Campa M, Dalla Costa L, Urso S, Valè G, Salamini F, Velasco R, Malnoy M. Knockdown of MLO genes reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew in grapevine. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2016; 3:16016. [PMID: 27390621 PMCID: PMC4935963 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Erysiphe necator is the causal agent of powdery mildew (PM), one of the most destructive diseases of grapevine. PM is controlled by sulfur-based and synthetic fungicides, which every year are dispersed into the environment. This is why PM-resistant varieties should become a priority for sustainable grapevine and wine production. PM resistance can be achieved in other crops by knocking out susceptibility S-genes, such as those residing at genetic loci known as MLO (Mildew Locus O). All MLO S-genes of dicots belong to the phylogenetic clade V, including grapevine genes VvMLO7, 11 and 13, which are upregulated during PM infection, and VvMLO6, which is not upregulated. Before adopting a gene-editing approach to knockout candidate S-genes, the evidence that loss of function of MLO genes can reduce PM susceptibility is necessary. This paper reports the knockdown through RNA interference of VvMLO6, 7, 11 and 13. The knockdown of VvMLO6, 11 and 13 did not decrease PM severity, whereas the knockdown of VvMLO7 in combination with VvMLO6 and VvMLO11 reduced PM severity up to 77%. The knockdown of VvMLO7 and VvMLO6 seemed to be important for PM resistance, whereas a role for VvMLO11 does not seem likely. Cell wall appositions (papillae) were present in both resistant and susceptible lines in response to PM attack. Thirteen genes involved in defense were less upregulated in infected mlo plants, highlighting the early mlo-dependent disruption of PM invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pessina
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Lenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Manuela Campa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simona Urso
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rice Research Unit, S.S. 11 per Torino km 25, Vercelli 13100, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Genomics Research Centre, Via San Protaso, 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rice Research Unit, S.S. 11 per Torino km 25, Vercelli 13100, Italy
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Genomics Research Centre, Via San Protaso, 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Salamini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Armijo G, Schlechter R, Agurto M, Muñoz D, Nuñez C, Arce-Johnson P. Grapevine Pathogenic Microorganisms: Understanding Infection Strategies and Host Response Scenarios. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:382. [PMID: 27066032 PMCID: PMC4811896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important fruit crop worldwide. Commercial cultivars are greatly affected by a large number of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases during pre- and/or post-harvest periods, affecting production, processing and export, along with fruit quality. Among the potential threats, we can find bacteria, fungi, oomycete, or viruses with different life cycles, infection mechanisms and evasion strategies. While plant-pathogen interactions are cycles of resistance and susceptibility, resistance traits from natural resources are selected and may be used for breeding purposes and for a sustainable agriculture. In this context, here we summarize some of the most important diseases affecting V. vinifera together with their causal agents. The aim of this work is to bring a comprehensive review of the infection strategies deployed by significant types of pathogens while understanding the host response in both resistance and susceptibility scenarios. New approaches being used to uncover grapevine status during biotic stresses and scientific-based procedures needed to control plant diseases and crop protection are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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Chayut N, Yuan H, Ohali S, Meir A, Yeselson Y, Portnoy V, Zheng Y, Fei Z, Lewinsohn E, Katzir N, Schaffer AA, Gepstein S, Burger J, Li L, Tadmor Y. A bulk segregant transcriptome analysis reveals metabolic and cellular processes associated with Orange allelic variation and fruit β-carotene accumulation in melon fruit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:274. [PMID: 26553015 PMCID: PMC4640158 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melon fruit flesh color is primarily controlled by the "golden" single nucleotide polymorhism of the "Orange" gene, CmOr, which dominantly triggers the accumulation of the pro-vitamin A molecule, β-carotene, in the fruit mesocarp. The mechanism by which CmOr operates is not fully understood. To identify cellular and metabolic processes associated with CmOr allelic variation, we compared the transcriptome of bulks of developing fruit of homozygous orange and green fruited F3 families derived from a cross between orange and green fruited parental lines. RESULTS Pooling together F3 families that share same fruit flesh color and thus the same CmOr allelic variation, normalized traits unrelated to CmOr allelic variation. RNA sequencing analysis of these bulks enabled the identification of differentially expressed genes. These genes were clustered into functional groups. The relatively enriched functional groups were those involved in photosynthesis, RNA and protein regulation, and response to stress. CONCLUSIONS The differentially expressed genes and the enriched processes identified here by bulk segregant RNA sequencing analysis are likely part of the regulatory network of CmOr. Our study demonstrates the resolution power of bulk segregant RNA sequencing in identifying genes related to commercially important traits and provides a useful tool for better understanding the mode of action of CmOr gene in the mediation of carotenoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Chayut
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Hui Yuan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Shachar Ohali
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Ayala Meir
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Yelena Yeselson
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, ISRAEL.
| | - Vitaly Portnoy
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Efraim Lewinsohn
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Nurit Katzir
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Arthur A Schaffer
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O.B. 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, ISRAEL.
| | - Shimon Gepstein
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
| | - Joseph Burger
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Li Li
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W Holly Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
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Taochy C, Gaillard I, Ipotesi E, Oomen R, Leonhardt N, Zimmermann S, Peltier JB, Szponarski W, Simonneau T, Sentenac H, Gibrat R, Boyer JC. The Arabidopsis root stele transporter NPF2.3 contributes to nitrate translocation to shoots under salt stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:466-79. [PMID: 26058834 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In most plants, NO(3)(-) constitutes the major source of nitrogen, and its assimilation into amino acids is mainly achieved in shoots. Furthermore, recent reports have revealed that reduction of NO(3)(-) translocation from roots to shoots is involved in plant acclimation to abiotic stress. NPF2.3, a member of the NAXT (nitrate excretion transporter) sub-group of the NRT1/PTR family (NPF) from Arabidopsis, is expressed in root pericycle cells, where it is targeted to the plasma membrane. Transport assays using NPF2.3-enriched Lactococcus lactis membranes showed that this protein is endowed with NO(3)(-) transport activity, displaying a strong selectivity for NO(3)(-) against Cl(-). In response to salt stress, NO(3)(-) translocation to shoots is reduced, at least partly because expression of the root stele NO(3)(-) transporter gene NPF7.3 is decreased. In contrast, NPF2.3 expression was maintained under these conditions. A loss-of-function mutation in NPF2.3 resulted in decreased root-to-shoot NO(3)(-) translocation and reduced shoot NO(3)(-) content in plants grown under salt stress. Also, the mutant displayed impaired shoot biomass production when plants were grown under mild salt stress. These mutant phenotypes were dependent on the presence of Na(+) in the external medium. Our data indicate that NPF2.3 is a constitutively expressed transporter whose contribution to NO(3)(-) translocation to the shoots is quantitatively and physiologically significant under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Taochy
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Ipotesi
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Ronald Oomen
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Laboratoire des Echanges Membranaires et Signalisation, UMR 7265 CNRS/CEA/Université Aix-Marseille II, F-13108, St Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Sabine Zimmermann
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Peltier
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Wojciech Szponarski
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 0759 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémy Gibrat
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Boyer
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, UMR 5004 CNRS, UMR 0386 INRA/Montpellier SupAgro/Université de Montpellier, F-34060, Montpellier, France
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Gao F, Dai R, Pike SM, Qiu W, Gassmann W. Functions of EDS1-like and PAD4 genes in grapevine defenses against powdery mildew. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 86:381-93. [PMID: 25107649 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-014-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interactions between grapevine and the obligate biotrophic fungus Erysiphe necator are not understood in depth. One reason for this is the recalcitrance of grapevine to genetic modifications. Using defense-related Arabidopsis mutants that are susceptible to pathogens, we were able to analyze key components in grapevine defense responses. We have examined the functions of defense genes associated with the salicylic acid (SA) pathway, including ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1), EDS1-LIKE 2 (EDL2), EDL5 and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) of two grapevine species, Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, which is susceptible to E. necator, and V. aestivalis cv. Norton, which is resistant. Both VaEDS1 and VvEDS1 were previously found to functionally complement the Arabidopsis eds1-1 mutant. Here we show that the promoters of both VaEDS1 and VvEDS1 were induced by SA, indicating that the heightened defense of Norton is related to its high SA level. Other than Va/VvEDS1, only VaEDL2 complemented Arabidopsis eds1-1, whereas Va/VvPAD4 did not complement Arabidopsis pad4-1. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation results indicated that Vitis EDS1 and EDL2 proteins interact with Vitis PAD4 and AtPAD4, suggesting that Vitis EDS1/EDL2 forms a complex with PAD4 to confer resistance, as is known from Arabidopsis. However, Vitis EDL5 and PAD4 did not interact with Arabidopsis EDS1 or PAD4, correlating with their inability to function in Arabidopsis. Together, our study suggests a more complicated EDS1/PAD4 module in grapevine and provides insight into molecular mechanisms that determine disease resistance levels in Vitis species native to the North American continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Division of Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, 371C Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO, 65211-7310, USA
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Pick TR, Weber APM. Unknown components of the plastidial permeome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:410. [PMID: 25191333 PMCID: PMC4137279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their role in photosynthesis plastids provide a plethora of additional metabolic functions to plant cells. For example, they harbor complete biosynthetic pathways for the de novo synthesis of carotenoids, fatty acids, and amino acids. Furthermore plastids contribute important reactions to multi-compartmentalized pathways, such as photorespiration or plant hormone syntheses, and they depend on the import of essential molecules that they cannot synthesize themselves, such as ascorbic acid. This causes a high traffic of metabolites across the plastid envelope. Although it was recently shown that non-polar substrates could be exchanged between the plastid and the ER without involving transporters, various essential transport processes are mediated by highly selective but still unknown metabolite transporters. This review focuses on selected components of the plastidial permeome that are predicted to exist but that have not yet been identified as molecular entities, such as the transporters for isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) or ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- *Correspondence: Andreas P. M. Weber, Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany e-mail:
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50
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Maeda SI, Konishi M, Yanagisawa S, Omata T. Nitrite transport activity of a novel HPP family protein conserved in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:1311-24. [PMID: 24904028 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Some cyanobacterial genomes encode an integral membrane protein of the HPP family, which exhibited nitrite transport activity when expressed in the nitrite transport-less NA4 mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus strain PCC 7942. AT5G62720 and AT3G47980 were found to encode Arabidopsis homologs of the cyanobacterial protein. The product of AT5G62720 was localized to the chloroplast envelope membrane and was shown to confer nitrite uptake activity on the NA4 mutant when expressed with an N-terminally truncated transit peptide or as a fusion with the N-terminal region of the cyanobacterial HPP family protein. Kinetic analyses showed that the Arabidopsis protein has much higher affinity for nitrite (K(m) = 13 µM) than the cyanobacterial protein (K(m) = 150 µM). Illuminated chloroplasts isolated from the mutant lines of AT5G62720 showed much lower activity of nitrite uptake than the chloroplasts isolated from the wild-type Col-0 plants, while the chloroplasts of the mutants of AT1G68570 (AtNPF3.1), the gene previously reported to encode a plastid nitrite transporter AtNitr1, showed wild-type levels of nitrite uptake activity. AT3G47980 was expressed in roots but not in shoots. It has a putative transit peptide similar to that of AT5G62720 and its fusion with the N-terminal region of the cyanobacterial HPP protein showed low but significant activity of nitrite transport in the cyanobacterial cell. Transcription of AT5G62720 (AtNITR2;1) and AT3G47980 (AtNITR2;2) was stimulated by nitrate under the control of the NIN-like proteins, suggesting that the HPP proteins represent nitrate-inducible components of the nitrite transport system of plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Maeda
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 JapanJapan Science and Technology, Agency, CREST
| | - Mineko Konishi
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Omata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 JapanJapan Science and Technology, Agency, CREST
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