1
|
Klčová B, Balarynová J, Trněný O, Krejčí P, Cechová MZ, Leonova T, Gorbach D, Frolova N, Kysil E, Orlova A, Ihling С, Frolov A, Bednář P, Smýkal P. Domestication has altered gene expression and secondary metabolites in pea seed coat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:2269-2295. [PMID: 38578789 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The mature seed in legumes consists of an embryo and seed coat. In contrast to knowledge about the embryo, we know relatively little about the seed coat. We analyzed the gene expression during seed development using a panel of cultivated and wild pea genotypes. Gene co-expression analysis identified gene modules related to seed development, dormancy, and domestication. Oxidoreductase genes were found to be important components of developmental and domestication processes. Proteomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that domestication favored proteins involved in photosynthesis and protein metabolism at the expense of seed defense. Seed coats of wild peas were rich in cell wall-bound metabolites and the protective compounds predominated in their seed coats. Altogether, we have shown that domestication altered pea seed development and modified (mostly reduced) the transcripts along with the protein and metabolite composition of the seed coat, especially the content of the compounds involved in defense. We investigated dynamic profiles of selected identified phenolic and flavonoid metabolites across seed development. These compounds usually deteriorated the palatability and processing of the seeds. Our findings further provide resources to study secondary metabolism and strategies for improving the quality of legume seeds which comprise an important part of the human protein diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Klčová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 773 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Balarynová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 773 71, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Trněný
- Agricultural Research Ltd., Zemědělská 1, Troubsko, 664 41, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Krejčí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zajacová Cechová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Daria Gorbach
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Nadezhda Frolova
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Botanicheskaja 36, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Elana Kysil
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Anastasia Orlova
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Botanicheskaja 36, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Сhristian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Botanicheskaja 36, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Petr Bednář
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 1192/12, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc, 773 71, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fonseca de Oliveira GR, Amaral da Silva EA. Tropical peanut maturation scale for harvesting seeds with superior quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376370. [PMID: 38784060 PMCID: PMC11113016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Determining the moment for harvesting the tropical peanut with a focus on superior seed quality is not an easy task. Particularities such as indeterminate flowering, underground fruiting and uneven maturation further increase this technical challenge. It is in this context that we aim to investigate harvest indicators based on the maturation and late maturation phases of tropical peanuts to obtain seeds with superior physiological and health quality. The plants were grown in field conditions and their development stages were carefully monitored until seed production. The water content, dry weight, germination capacity, desiccation tolerance, vigor, longevity, and seed pathogens were evaluated throughout these stages. We showed that seeds from early stages (R5 and R6) did not fully tolerate desiccation and were highly sensitive to pathogen contamination after storage (Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Bacteria). At late stages (R7, R8, and R9), the seeds had optimized vigor, longevity and bioprotection against fungi and thermal stress. The peanut maturation scale for tropical agriculture provides unique harvesting guidelines that make it possible to monitor the plants' development stages with a focus on producing superior quality seeds.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalemba EM, Gevaert K, Impens F, Dufour S, Czerwoniec A. The association of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide with proteomic basis for aging in beech seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:377. [PMID: 38714916 PMCID: PMC11077735 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees produce seeds irregularly; therefore, it is necessary to store beech seeds for forestation. Despite the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during development, beech seeds are classified as intermediate because they lose viability during long-term storage faster than typical orthodox seeds. In this study, beech seeds stored for short (3 years) or long (20 years) periods under optimal conditions and displaying 92 and 30% germination capacity, respectively, were compared. RESULTS Aged seeds displayed increased membrane damage, manifested as electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Analyses have been based on embryonic axes, which contained higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher levels of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in aged seeds. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, 3,949 proteins were identified, of which 2,442 were reliably quantified pointing to 24 more abundant proteins and 35 less abundant proteins in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Functional analyses based on gene ontology annotations revealed that nucleic acid binding activity (molecular function), ribosome organization or biogenesis and transmembrane transport (cellular processes), translational proteins (protein class) and membranous anatomical entities (cellular compartment) were affected in aged seeds. To verify whether MetO, the oxidative posttranslational modification of proteins that can be reversed via the action of methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes, is involved in the aging of beech seeds, we identified and quantified 226 MetO-containing proteins, among which 9 and 19 exhibited significantly up- and downregulated MetO levels, respectively, in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Several Msr isoforms were identified and recognized as MsrA1-like, MsrA4, MsrB5 and MsrB5-like in beech seeds. Only MsrA1-like displayed decreased abundance in aged seeds. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the loss of membrane integrity reflected in the elevated abundance of membrane proteins had a higher impact on seed aging progress than the MetO/Msr system. Proteome analyses enabled us to propose protein Sec61 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as potential longevity modulators in beech seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang AB, Baskin CC, Baskin JM, Ding J. Environmental and seed-position effects on viability and germination of buried seeds of an invasive diaspore-heteromorphic annual grass. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14353. [PMID: 38801018 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors, such as temperature and moisture, and plant factors, such as seed position on the mother plant, can affect seed viability and germination. However, little is known about the viability and germination of seeds in different positions on the mother plant after burial in soil under natural environmental conditions. Here, diaspores from three positions on a compound spike and seeds from two/three positions in a diaspore of the invasive diaspore-heteromorphic annual grass Aegilops tauschii were buried at four depths for more than 2 years (1-26 months) under natural conditions and viability and germination monitored monthly. Viability of seeds in each diaspore/seed position decreased as burial depth and duration increased and was associated with changes in soil temperature and moisture. Germination was highest at 2 cm and lowest at 10 cm soil depths, with peaks and valleys in autumn/spring and winter/summer, respectively. Overall, seeds in distal diaspore and distal seed positions had higher germination percentages than those in basal diaspore and basal seed positions, but basal ones lived longer than distal ones. Chemical content of fresh diaspores/seeds was related to diaspore/seed position effects on seed germination and viability during burial. We conclude that seeds in distal diaspores/seed positions have a 'high risk' strategy and those in basal positions a 'low risk' strategy. The two risk strategies may act as a bet-hedging strategy that spreads risks of germination failure in the soil seed bank over time, thereby facilitating the survival and invasiveness of A. tauschii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jerry M Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Zhu Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Sun R, Deng X. Arabidopsis HSFA9 Acts as a Regulator of Heat Response Gene Expression and the Acquisition of Thermotolerance and Seed Longevity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:372-389. [PMID: 38123450 PMCID: PMC11020252 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat-shock transcription factors (HSFs) are crucial for regulating plant responses to heat and various stresses, as well as for maintaining normal cellular functions and plant development. HSFA9 and HSFA2 are two of the Arabidopsis class A HSFs and their expressions are dramatically induced in response to heat shock (HS) stress among all 21 Arabidopsis HSFs. However, the detailed biological roles of their cooperation have not been fully characterized. In this study, we employed an integrated approach that combined bioinformatics, molecular genetics and computational analysis to identify and validate the molecular mechanism that controls seed longevity and thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. The acquisition of tolerance to deterioration was accompanied by a significant transcriptional switch that involved the induction of primary metabolism, reactive oxygen species and unfolded protein response, as well as the regulation of genes involved in response to dehydration, heat and hypoxia. In addition, the cis-regulatory motif analysis in normal stored and controlled deterioration treatment (CDT) seeds confirmed the CDT-repressed genes with heat-shock element (HSE) in their promoters. Using a yeast two-hybrid and molecular dynamic interaction assay, it is shown that HSFA9 acted as a potential regulator that can interact with HSFA2. Moreover, the knock-out mutants of both HSFA9 and HSFA2 displayed a significant reduction in seed longevity. These novel findings link HSF transcription factors with seed deterioration tolerance and longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shinozaki D, Takayama E, Kawakami N, Yoshimoto K. Autophagy maintains endosperm quality during seed storage to preserve germination ability in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321612121. [PMID: 38530890 PMCID: PMC10998590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321612121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To preserve germination ability, plant seeds must be protected from environmental stresses during the storage period. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, maintains seed germination ability in Arabidopsis thaliana. The germination ability of long-term (>5 years) stored dry seeds of autophagy-defective (atg) mutant and wild-type (WT) plants was compared. Long-term stored (old) seeds of atg mutants showed lower germination ability than WT seeds, although short-term stored (new) seeds of atg mutants did not show such a phenotype. After removal of the seed coat and endosperm from old atg mutant seeds, the embryos developed into seedlings. Autophagic flux was maintained in endosperm cells during the storage period, and autophagy defect resulted in the accumulation of oxidized proteins and accelerated endosperm cell death. Consistent with these findings, the transcripts of genes, ENDO-β-MANNANASE 7 and EXPANSIN 2, which are responsible for degradation/remodeling of the endosperm cell wall during germination, were reduced in old atg mutant seeds. We conclude that autophagy maintains endosperm quality during seed storage by suppressing aging-dependent oxidative damage and cell death, which allows the endosperm to perform optimal functions during germination, i.e., cell wall degradation/remodeling, even after long-term storage.
Collapse
Grants
- 16H07255 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 19H05713 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 20H03281 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- S1411023 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 23H02506 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 21J11995 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shinozaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Kawasaki214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Erina Takayama
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohki Yoshimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki214-8571, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng Q, Teng Z, Zhang J, Ye N. ABA Inhibits Rice Seed Aging by Reducing H 2O 2 Accumulation in the Radicle of Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:809. [PMID: 38592812 PMCID: PMC10976155 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The seed, a critical organ in higher plants, serves as a primary determinant of agricultural productivity, with its quality directly influencing crop yield. Improper storage conditions can diminish seed vigor, adversely affecting seed germination and seedling establishment. Therefore, understanding the seed-aging process and exploring strategies to enhance seed-aging resistance are paramount. In this study, we observed that seed aging during storage leads to a decline in seed vigor and can coincide with the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the radicle, resulting in compromised or uneven germination and asynchronous seedling emergence. We identified the abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene, abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2 (OsABA8ox2), as significantly induced by aging treatment. Interestingly, transgenic seeds overexpressing OsABA8ox2 exhibited reduced seed vigor, while gene knockout enhanced seed vigor, suggesting its role as a negative regulator. Similarly, seeds pretreated with ABA or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an H2O2 inhibitor) showed increased resistance to aging, with more robust early seedling establishment. Both OsABA8ox2 mutant seeds and seeds pretreated with ABA or DPI displayed lower H2O2 content during aging treatment. Overall, our findings indicate that ABA mitigates rice seed aging by reducing H2O2 accumulation in the radicle. This study offers valuable germplasm resources and presents a novel approach to enhancing seed resistance against aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhenning Teng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.T.)
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Nenghui Ye
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He H, Gao H, Xue X, Ren J, Chen X, Niu B. Variation of sugar compounds in Phoebe chekiangensis seeds during natural desiccation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299669. [PMID: 38452127 PMCID: PMC10919866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of sugar metabolism in desiccation-sensitive seeds, we performed a natural desiccation treatment on Phoebe chekiangensis seeds in a room and systematically analyzed the changes in seed germination, sugar compounds, malondialdehyde, and relative electrical conductivity during the seed desiccation. The results revealed that the initial moisture content of P. chekiangensis seed was very high (37.06%) and the seed was sensitive to desiccation, the germination percentage of the seed decreased to 5.33% when the seed was desiccated to 22.04% of moisture content, therefore, the seeds were considered recalcitrant. Based on the logistic model, we know that the moisture content of the seeds is 29.05% when the germination percentage drops to 50% and that it is desirable to keep the seed moisture content above 31.74% during ambient transportation. During seed desiccation, sucrose and trehalose contents exhibited increasing trends, and raffinose also increased during the late stage of desiccation, however, low levels of the non-reducing sugar accumulations may not prevent the loss of seed viability caused by desiccation. Glucose and fructose predominated among sugar compounds, and they showed a slight increase followed by a significant decrease. Their depletion may have contributed to the accumulation of sucrose and raffinose family oligosaccharides. Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the accumulation of sucrose, trehalose, and soluble sugars, and the reduction in seed viability. Sucrose showed a significant negative correlation with glucose and fructose. Trehalose also exhibited the same pattern of correlation. These results provided additional data and theoretical support for understanding the mechanism of sugar metabolism in seed desiccation sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huangpan He
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Gao
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Xue
- College of Criminal Science and Technology, Nanjing Police University, Key Laboratory of Wildlife Evidence Technology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Ren
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben Niu
- College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu B, Chao DY, Zhao Y. How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:394-423. [PMID: 38329193 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants. Plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency. Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress, or osmotic stress caused by drought, ever since Charles Darwin, and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants. Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level, including changes in turgor, cell wall stiffness and integrity, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume, and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses. In this review, we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms, compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms, prospected how plants sense changes in turgor, membrane tension, and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants, animals, yeasts, and bacteria, summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs, such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation, membrane water permeability, root hydrotropism, root halotropism, Casparian strip and suberin lamellae, and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors. We also discussed the core scientific questions, provided perspective about the future directions in this field, and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon Capture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Waterworth W, Balobaid A, West C. Seed longevity and genome damage. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20230809. [PMID: 38324350 PMCID: PMC11111285 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20230809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Seeds are the mode of propagation for most plant species and form the basis of both agriculture and ecosystems. Desiccation tolerant seeds, representative of most crop species, can survive maturation drying to become metabolically quiescent. The desiccated state prolongs embryo viability and provides protection from adverse environmental conditions, including seasonal periods of drought and freezing often encountered in temperate regions. However, the capacity of the seed to germinate declines over time and culminates in the loss of seed viability. The relationship between environmental conditions (temperature and humidity) and the rate of seed deterioration (ageing) is well defined, but less is known about the biochemical and genetic factors that determine seed longevity. This review will highlight recent advances in our knowledge that provide insight into the cellular stresses and protective mechanisms that promote seed survival, with a focus on the roles of DNA repair and response mechanisms. Collectively, these pathways function to maintain the germination potential of seeds. Understanding the molecular basis of seed longevity provides important new genetic targets for the production of crops with enhanced resilience to changing climates and knowledge important for the preservation of plant germplasm in seedbanks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Waterworth
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2
9JT, U.K
| | - Atheer Balobaid
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2
9JT, U.K
| | - Chris West
- Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2
9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang H, He S, Feng Q, Liu Z, Xia S, Zhou Q, Wu Z, Zhang Y. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): a multidisciplinary review of its cultural, ecological, and nutraceutical significance. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38647851 PMCID: PMC10991372 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera, elucidating its ecological, nutritional, medicinal, and biomimetic significance. Renowned both culturally and scientifically, Nelumbo nucifera manifests remarkable adaptability, characterized by its extensive distribution across varied climatic regions, underpinned by its robust rhizome system and prolific reproductive strategies. Ecologically, this species plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, primarily through biofiltration, thereby enhancing habitat biodiversity. The rhizomes and seeds of Nelumbo nucifera are nutritionally significant, being rich sources of dietary fiber, essential vitamins, and minerals, and have found extensive culinary applications. From a medicinal perspective, diverse constituents of Nelumbo nucifera exhibit therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Recent advancements in preservation technology and culinary innovation have further underscored its role in the food industry, highlighting its nutritional versatility. In biomimetics, the unique "lotus effect" is leveraged for the development of self-cleaning materials. Additionally, the transformation of Nelumbo nucifera into biochar is being explored for its potential in sustainable environmental practices. This review emphasizes the critical need for targeted conservation strategies to protect Nelumbo nucifera against the threats posed by climate change and habitat loss, advocating for its sustainable utilization as a species of significant value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Simai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, China
| | - Qi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shibin Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiaohong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng X, Yuan Z, Yu Y, Yu S, He H. OsCSD2 and OsCSD3 Enhance Seed Storability by Modulating Antioxidant Enzymes and Abscisic Acid in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:310. [PMID: 38276765 PMCID: PMC10818270 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Seed deterioration during storage poses a significant challenge to rice production, leading to a drastic decline in both edible quality and viability, thereby impacting overall crop yield. This study aimed to address this issue by further investigating candidate genes associated with two previously identified QTLs for seed storability through genome association analysis. Among the screened genes, two superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes, OsCSD2 (Copper/zinc Superoxide Dismutase 2) and OsCSD3, were selected for further study. The generation of overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9 mutant transgenic lines revealed that OsCSD2 and OsCSD3 play a positive regulatory role in enhancing rice seed storability. Subsequent exploration of the physiological mechanisms demonstrated that overexpression lines exhibited lower relative electrical conductivity, indicative of reduced cell membrane damage, while knockout lines displayed the opposite trend. Furthermore, the overexpression lines of OsCSD2 and OsCSD3 showed significant increases not only in SOD but also in CAT and POD activities, highlighting an augmented antioxidant system in the transgenic seeds. Additionally, hormone profiling indicated that ABA contributed to the improved seed storability observed in these lines. In summary, these findings provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of OsCSDs in rice storability, with potential applications for mitigating grain loss and enhancing global food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohai Zheng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhiyang Yuan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuye Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.)
- Beijing Bio Huaxing Gene Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102260, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanzi He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Z.Y.); (Y.Y.); (S.Y.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oishi A, Nakagawa S, Tamura K. Nucleoporin 50 proteins affect longevity and salinity stress tolerance in seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:60-72. [PMID: 37849222 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoporin 50 (Nup50) is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is a constituent of the nuclear pore complex (NPC); however, its physiological role in plants is unclear. Arabidopsis has two Nup50 proteins, Nup50a and Nup50b, which are highly expressed in developing seeds. Green fluoresceent protein (GFP)-fused Nup50a and Nup50b are localized exclusively in the nucleopolasm, implying an additional function beyond the NPC in the nuclear envelope. To investigate the function of Nup50s, we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9] system to generate a nup50a nup50b double mutant, which exhibited premature translation termination of both Nup50 proteins. While the mutant showed no significant abnormal phenotype during vegetative growth, the nup50a nup50b seeds had an abnormal shape compared with the wild type. Comparative transcriptomics using immature seeds revealed that Nup50s regulate the expression of various genes, including cell wall-related genes. The nup50a nup50b seeds exhibited reduced seed longevity and salinity stress tolerance. Tetrazolium uptake and mucilage release assays implied that the nup50a nup50b seeds had greater water permeability than the wild type. Taken together, our results imply that Nup50s play a critical role in seed formation by regulating gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Oishi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shitomi Nakagawa
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pirredda M, Fañanás-Pueyo I, Oñate-Sánchez L, Mira S. Seed Longevity and Ageing: A Review on Physiological and Genetic Factors with an Emphasis on Hormonal Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:41. [PMID: 38202349 PMCID: PMC10780731 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Upon storage, seeds inevitably age and lose their viability over time, which determines their longevity. Longevity correlates with successful seed germination and enhancing this trait is of fundamental importance for long-term seed storage (germplasm conservation) and crop improvement. Seed longevity is governed by a complex interplay between genetic factors and environmental conditions experienced during seed development and after-ripening that will shape seed physiology. Several factors have been associated with seed ageing such as oxidative stress responses, DNA repair enzymes, and composition of seed layers. Phytohormones, mainly abscisic acid, auxins, and gibberellins, have also emerged as prominent endogenous regulators of seed longevity, and their study has provided new regulators of longevity. Gaining a thorough understanding of how hormonal signalling genes and pathways are integrated with downstream mechanisms related to seed longevity is essential for formulating strategies aimed at preserving seed quality and viability. A relevant aspect related to research in seed longevity is the existence of significant differences between results depending on the seed equilibrium relative humidity conditions used to study seed ageing. Hence, this review delves into the genetic, environmental and experimental factors affecting seed ageing and longevity, with a particular focus on their hormonal regulation. We also provide gene network models underlying hormone signalling aimed to help visualize their integration into seed longevity and ageing. We believe that the format used to present the information bolsters its value as a resource to support seed longevity research for seed conservation and crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pirredda
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Iris Fañanás-Pueyo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Oñate-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Mira
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li X, Liu Q, Liu J. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Discoveries, Mechanisms, and Research Strategies in Seeds. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2214. [PMID: 38137035 PMCID: PMC10742540 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds provide nutrients for the embryo and allow for dormancy in stressed environments to better adapt the plant to its environment. In addition, seeds are an essential source of food for human survival and are the basis for the formation of food production and quality. Therefore, the research on the genetic mechanism of seed development and germination will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of crop yield and quality. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) occupy a pivotal position in seed development and germination. In this review, we describe the key processes in seed biology and examine discoveries and insights made in seed lncRNA, with emphasis on lncRNAs that regulate seed biology through multiple mechanisms. Given that thousands of lncRNAs are present in the seed transcriptome, characterization has lagged far behind identification. We provide an overview of research strategies and approaches including some exciting new techniques that may uncover the function of lncRNAs in seed. Finally, we discuss the challenges facing the field and the opening questions. All in all, we hope to provide a clear perspective on discoveries of seed lncRNA by linking discoveries, mechanisms, and technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (X.L.); (Q.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silva MFD, Soares JM, Xavier WA, Silva FCDS, Silva FLD, Silva LJD. The role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the tolerance to deterioration under natural and artificial aging. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21628. [PMID: 38046172 PMCID: PMC10686883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast decline in the physiological quality of seeds during storage is a serious problem. It is known that the reduction of seed quality may be related to its biochemical constitution. However, the relationship between the composition and the mechanisms linked to the loss of vigor of soybean seeds during aging has not been elucidated yet. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the physiological quality and in the tolerance to deterioration due to natural and artificial aging. Seeds of six soybean genotypes were analyzed initially and after being submitted to natural aging, storage for eight months, and artificial aging, using the temperature of 41 °C and 100 % relative humidity for 96 h. Moisture content, germination and vigor tests were carried out. Also, there were measured the content of oil, total protein, soluble protein, malonaldehyde, and fatty acids palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. It was verified that the physiological quality of soybean seeds decreased with both kinds of aging. However, the deterioration process occurs by distinct mechanisms. The biochemical composition of the seeds is associated with the physiological quality and their storage potential is changed by natural and artificial aging. The tolerance of the seed to deterioration is related to soluble protein and fatty acids content. Oleic fatty acid and soluble protein can be used as indicators of physiological quality in soybean seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Freire da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá/UEM - Campus Regional de Umuarama - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias - Estrada Paca s/n, CEP 87507-190, Umuarama, PR - Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV - Departamento de Agronomia - Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG - Brazil
| | - Júlia Martins Soares
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV - Departamento de Agronomia - Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG - Brazil
| | - Wanderson Andrade Xavier
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV - Departamento de Agronomia - Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG - Brazil
| | - Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA - Campus Balsas - Curso de Agronomia - Praça Gonçalves Dias s/n, CEP 65800-000, Balsas, MA - Brazil
| | - Felipe Lopes da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV - Departamento de Agronomia - Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG - Brazil
| | - Laércio Junio da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa/UFV - Departamento de Agronomia - Av. P H Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG - Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee YI, Yeung EC. The orchid seed coat: a developmental and functional perspective. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37755558 PMCID: PMC10533777 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Orchid seeds are 'dust-like.' The seed coat is usually thin, with only one to a few cell layers. It originates from the integuments formed during ovule development. In orchids, the outer integument is primarily responsible for forming a mature seed coat. The inner integument usually fails to develop after fertilization, becomes compressed, and collapses over the expanding embryo. Hence, the seed coat is formed from the funiculus, chalaza, and outer integumentary cells. The outermost layer of the seed coat, the testa, is lignified, usually at the radial and inner tangential walls. The subepidermal thin-walled layer(s), the tegmen, subsequently cold, resulting in seeds having only a single layer of seed coat cells. In some species, cells of the inner integument remain alive with the ability to synthesize and accumulate lipidic and or phenolic compounds in their walls covering the embryo. This cover is called the 'carapace,' a protective shield contributing to the embryo's added protection. A developmental and functional perspective of the integuments and seed coat during seed development and germination is presented in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-I Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yi K, Yue J, Yang S, Jiang Y, Hong L, Zeng H, Wei K, Mao P, Sun Y, Dou L, Li M. Germination of aged oat seeds associated with changes in antioxidant enzyme activity and storage compounds mobilization. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14020. [PMID: 37882312 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Germination of aged seeds may be associated with specific metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to examine physiological and metabolic alterations before and after germination of control and aged oat (Avena sativa) seeds. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of storage compounds were measured in the embryo and endosperm at 0, 4, 16, and 32 h of imbibition for control seeds and 0, 4, 16, 32, and 60 h of imbibition for medium vigor seeds after artificially accelerated aging; metabolomic changes were determined in embryos at 16 and 32 h of seed imbibition. In aged oat seeds, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity increased in the late imbibition stage. The content of soluble sugars decreased significantly in the later stages of imbibition, while the content of proteins increased in 32 h of seed imbibition eventually producing mannitol and proline. The mobilization of fat in deteriorated seeds was mainly through the sphingolipid metabolic pathway generated by cell growth-promoting dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate. Ascorbic acid, avenanthramide and proline levels increased significantly at 60 h of imbibition, playing an important role in the germination of aged oat seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yi
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Yue
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Liu Hong
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanguo Zeng
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liru Dou
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manli Li
- Forage Seed Laboratory, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chamma L, da Silva GF, Perissato SM, Alievi C, Chaves PPN, Giandoni VCR, Calonego JC, da Silva EAA. Does Forced Plant Maturation by Applying Herbicide with Desiccant Action Influence Seed Longevity in Soybean? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2769. [PMID: 37570923 PMCID: PMC10420660 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Herbicides with desiccant actions may be used to anticipate the harvesting of soybean seeds. This technique aims to minimize the negative influence of biotic and abiotic factors on seed physiological quality at the end of the plant cycle. However, forced seed maturation with the application of herbicides can compromise the acquisition of seed quality components, especially longevity. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds subjected to forced maturation with desiccants. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, with a treatment consisting of soybean plants subjected to the application of herbicides with desiccant action at stage R7.3 and another that underwent the natural process of maturation, that is, without herbicide application. The herbicide used was Paraquat. Seed germination, vigor (first germination count, dry mass, seedling length, time to reach 50% germination(t50), emergence index, and emergence speed), and longevity(P50) were evaluated. The herbicides did not affect germination (normal seedlings). However, the acquisition of vigor and longevity, and the preservation of seed vigor during storage were affected. Thus, the results indicate that the application of herbicide with desiccant action interrupts the process of acquisition of seed physiological quality, notably longevity in soybean seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Chamma
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| | - Gustavo Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| | - Samara Moreira Perissato
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| | - Cleonei Alievi
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, Federal Institute of Goias (IFG), Urutaí 75790-000, Brazil;
| | - Prínscilla Pâmela Nunes Chaves
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| | - Valéria Cristina Retameiro Giandoni
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| | - Juliano Carlos Calonego
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil; (G.F.d.S.); (S.M.P.); (P.P.N.C.); (V.C.R.G.); (J.C.C.); (E.A.A.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rao PJM, Pallavi M, Bharathi Y, Priya PB, Sujatha P, Prabhavathi K. Insights into mechanisms of seed longevity in soybean: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206318. [PMID: 37546268 PMCID: PMC10400919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Soybean, a crop of international importance, is challenged with the problem of seed longevity mainly due to its genetic composition and associated environmental cues. Soybean's fragile seed coat coupled with poor DNA integrity, ribosomal dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and poor antioxidant system constitute the rationale for fast deterioration. Variability among the genotypes for sensitivity to field weathering contributed to their differential seed longevity. Proportion and density of seed coat, glassy state of cells, calcium and lignin content, pore number, space between seed coat and cotyledon are some seed related traits that are strongly correlated to longevity. Further, efficient antioxidant system, surplus protective proteins, effective nucleotide and protein repair systems and free radical scavenging mechanisms also contributed to the storage potential of soybean seeds. Identification of molecular markers and QTLs associated with these mechanisms will pave way for enhanced selection efficiency for seed longevity in soybean breeding programs. This review reflects on the morphological, biochemical and molecular bases of seed longevity along with pointers on harvest, processing and storage strategies for extending vigour and viability in soybean.
Collapse
|
21
|
Taylor RE, Waterworth W, West CE, Foyer CH. WHIRLY proteins maintain seed longevity by effects on seed oxygen signalling during imbibition. Biochem J 2023; 480:941-956. [PMID: 37351567 PMCID: PMC10422932 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The WHIRLY (WHY) family of DNA/RNA binding proteins fulfil multiple but poorly characterised functions in plants. We analysed WHY protein functions in the Arabidopsis Atwhy1, Atwhy3, Atwhy1why3 single and double mutants and wild type controls. The Atwhy3 and Atwhy1why3 double mutants showed a significant delay in flowering, having more siliques per plant but with fewer seeds per silique than the wild type. While germination was similar in the unaged high-quality seeds of all lines, significant decreases in vigour and viability were observed in the aged mutant seeds compared with the wild type. Imbibition of unaged high-quality seeds was characterised by large increases in transcripts that encode proteins involved in oxygen sensing and responses to hypoxia. Seed aging resulted in a disruption of the imbibition-induced transcriptome profile such that transcripts encoding RNA metabolism and processing became the most abundant components of the imbibition signature. The imbibition-related profile of the Atwhy1why3 mutant seeds, was characterised by decreased expression of hypoxia-related and oxygen metabolism genes even in the absence of aging. Seed aging further decreased the abundance of hypoxia-related and oxygen metabolism transcripts relative to the wild type. These findings suggest that the WHY1 and WHY3 proteins regulate the imbibition-induced responses to oxygen availability and hypoxia. Loss of WHY1 and WHY3 functions decreases the ability of Arabidopsis seeds to resist the adverse effects of seed aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Taylor
- The Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Wanda Waterworth
- The Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christopher E West
- The Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christine H. Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Prasad C T M, Kodde J, Angenent GC, Hay FR, McNally KL, Groot SPC. Identification of the rice Rc gene as a main regulator of seed survival under dry storage conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1962-1980. [PMID: 36891587 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Seed deterioration during storage results in poor germination, reduced vigour, and non-uniform seedling emergence. The aging rate depends on storage conditions and genetic factors. This study aims to identify these genetic factors determining the longevity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds stored under experimental aging conditions mimicking long-term dry storage. Genetic variation for tolerance to aging was studied in 300 Indica rice accessions by storing dry seeds under an elevated partial pressure of oxygen (EPPO) condition. A genome-wide association analysis identified 11 unique genomic regions for all measured germination parameters after aging, differing from those previously identified in rice under humid experimental aging conditions. The significant single nucleotide polymorphism in the most prominent region was located within the Rc gene, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Storage experiments using near-isogenic rice lines (SD7-1D (Rc) and SD7-1d (rc) with the same allelic variation confirmed the role of the wildtype Rc gene, providing stronger tolerance to dry EPPO aging. In the seed pericarp, a functional Rc gene results in accumulation of proanthocyanidins, an important sub-class of flavonoids having strong antioxidant activity, which may explain the variation in tolerance to dry EPPO aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Prasad C T
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jan Kodde
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona R Hay
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | | | - Steven P C Groot
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rehmani MS, Xian B, Wei S, He J, Feng Z, Huang H, Shu K. Seedling establishment: The neglected trait in the seed longevity field. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107765. [PMID: 37209453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is a central actor in plant germplasm resource conservation, species reproduction, geographical distribution, crop yield and quality and food processing and safety. Seed longevity and vigor decrease gradually during storage, which directly influences seed germination and post-germination seedling establishment. It is noted that seedling establishment is a key shift from heterotropism to autotropism and is fueled by the energy reserved in the seeds per se. Numerous studies have demonstrated that expedited catabolism of triacylglycerols, fatty acid and sugars during seed storage is closely related to seed longevity. Storage of farm-saved seeds of elite cultivars for use in subsequent years is a common practice and it is recognized that aged seed (especially those stored under less-than-ideal conditions) can lead to poor seed germination, but the significance of poor seedling establishment as a separate factor capable of influencing crop yield has been overlooked. This review article summarizes the relationship between seed germination and seedling establishment and the effect of different seed reserves on seed longevity. Based on this, we emphasize the importance of simultaneous scoring of seedling establishment and germination percentage from aged seeds and discuss the reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zhenxin Feng
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Luo Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Dai Z, Li Q, Mou J, Xu L, Deng S, Li J, Wang R, Liu J, Deng Z. iTRAQ-Based Proteomic and Physiological Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Dehydration and Cryopreservation Tolerance of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091842. [PMID: 37176899 PMCID: PMC10180571 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sophora tonkinensi is a shrub of the genus Sophora in the family Fabaceae with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. While the cultivation, chemical makeup, and medicinal properties of S. tonkinensis have been reported, the physiological mechanisms governing its dehydration and cryopreservation tolerance of seeds remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and protein expression characteristics of S. tonkinensis seeds subjected to dehydration and cryopreservation techniques via the observation of cell microstructure, determination of antioxidant enzyme activity, and iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis, respectively. The results of the study demonstrated that the seeds possessed a certain level of tolerance to dehydration. The highest germination percentage of 83.0% was observed after 2 h of dehydration (10.1% water content), which was identified as the optimal time point for cryopreservation. However, the germination percentage was reduced to only 30.5% when the water content reached 5.4%, indicating that S. tonkinensis seeds exhibit intermediate storage behavior. Further investigation revealed that during seed dehydration and cryopreservation treatment, liposomes were gradually and highly fused, whereas the activities of ROS scavenging and stress defense were significantly enhanced. During dehydration, the seed tissues formed a protective mechanism of stress resistance based on protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and antioxidant system, which was related to the dehydration tolerance. Moreover, only three differentially expressed LEA proteins were identified, and it is speculated that the strengthening of intracellular metabolism and the absence of specific LEA and dehydrins could be crucial factors for the reduced germination percentage after excessive dehydration and cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhangyan Dai
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qing Li
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiaolin Mou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Li Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Shiming Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- Research Center for Germplasm Engineering of Characteristic Plant Resources in Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
- The Plant Germplasm Resources Laboratory, School of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arif MAR, Tripodi P, Waheed MQ, Afzal I, Pistrick S, Schütze G, Börner A. Genetic Analyses of Seed Longevity in Capsicum annuum L. in Cold Storage Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 36987009 PMCID: PMC10057624 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is the most important trait in the genebank management system. No seed can remain infinitely viable. There are 1241 accessions of Capsicum annuum L. available at the German Federal ex situ genebank at IPK Gatersleben. C. annuum (Capsicum) is the most economically important species of the genus Capsicum. So far, there is no report that has addressed the genetic basis of seed longevity in Capsicum. Here, we convened a total of 1152 Capsicum accessions that were deposited in Gatersleben over forty years (from 1976 to 2017) and assessed their longevity by analyzing the standard germination percentage after 5-40 years of storage at -15/-18 °C. These data were used to determine the genetic causes of seed longevity, along with 23,462 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering all of the 12 Capsicum chromosomes. Using the association-mapping approach, we identified a total of 224 marker trait associations (MTAs) (34, 25, 31, 35, 39, 7, 21 and 32 MTAs after 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, 35- and 40-year storage intervals) on all the Capsicum chromosomes. Several candidate genes were identified using the blast analysis of SNPs, and these candidate genes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | - Irfan Afzal
- Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sibylle Pistrick
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schütze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang C, Lyu Y, Zhang Q, Guo H, Chen D, Chen X. Disruption of BG14 results in enhanced callose deposition in developing seeds and decreases seed longevity and seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1080-1094. [PMID: 36625794 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is an important trait for agriculture and the conservation of genetic resources. β-1,3-Glucanases were first recognized as pathogenesis-related proteins involved in plant defense, but their roles in seeds are largely unknown. Here, we report a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored β-1,3-glucanase, BG14, that degrades callose in seed embryos and functions in seed longevity and dormancy in Arabidopsis. The loss of function of BG14 significantly decreased seed longevity, whereas functional reversion (RE) and overexpression (OE) lines reversed and increased the impaired phenotype, respectively. The loss of function of BG14 enhanced callose deposition in the embryos of mature seeds, confirmed by quantitative determination and the decreased callose degrading ability in bg14. The drop-and-see (DANS) assay revealed that the fluorescence signal in bg14 was significantly lower than that observed in the other three genotypes. BG14 is located on the periphery of the cell wall and can completely merge with callose at the plasmodesmata of epidermal cells. BG14 was highly expressed in developing seeds and was induced by aging and abscisic acid (ABA). The loss of function of BG14 led to a variety of phenotypes related to ABA, including reduced seed dormancy and reduced responses to treatment with ABA or pacolblltrazol, whereas OE lines showed the opposite phenotype. The reduced ABA response is because of the decreased level of ABA and the lowered expression of ABA synthesis genes in bg14. Taken together, this study demonstrated that BG14 is a bona fide BG that mediates callose degradation in the plasmodesmata of embryo cells, transcriptionally influences ABA synthesis genes in developing seeds, and positively affects seed longevity and dormancy in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lyu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongye Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Defu Chen
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zinsmeister J, Lalanne D, Ly Vu B, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Dang TT, Buitink J, Leprince O. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 coordinates eoplast formation to ensure acquisition of seed longevity during maturation in Medicago truncatula. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:934-953. [PMID: 36582182 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity, the capacity to remain alive during dry storage, is pivotal to germination performance and is essential for preserving genetic diversity. It is acquired during late maturation concomitantly with seed degreening and the de-differentiation of chloroplasts into colorless, non-photosynthetic plastids, called eoplasts. As chlorophyll retention leads to poor seed performance upon sowing, these processes are important for seed vigor. However, how these processes are regulated and connected to the acquisition of seed longevity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that such a role is at least provided by ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) in the legume Medicago truncatula. Mature seeds of Mtabi4 mutants contained more chlorophyll than wild-type seeds and exhibited a 75% reduction in longevity and reduced dormancy. MtABI4 was necessary to stimulate eoplast formation, as evidenced by the significant delay in the dismantlement of photosystem II during the maturation of mutant seeds. Mtabi4 seeds also exhibited transcriptional deregulation of genes associated with retrograde signaling and transcriptional control of plastid-encoded genes. Longevity was restored when Mtabi4 seeds developed in darkness, suggesting that the shutdown of photosynthesis during maturation, rather than chlorophyll degradation per se, is a requisite for the acquisition of longevity. Indeed, the shelf life of stay green mutant seeds that retained chlorophyll was not affected. Thus, ABI4 plays a role in coordinating the dismantlement of chloroplasts during seed development to avoid damage that compromises the acquisition of seed longevity. Analysis of Mtabi4 Mtabi5 double mutants showed synergistic effects on chlorophyll retention and longevity, suggesting that they act via parallel pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zinsmeister
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - David Lalanne
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Benoit Ly Vu
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Benoît Schoefs
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Biologie des Organismes Stress Santé Environnement, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Molecular Engineering of Microalgae and Applications, Biologie des Organismes Stress Santé Environnement, IUML-FR 3473 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085, Le Mans, France
| | - Thi Thu Dang
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Julia Buitink
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Leprince
- Institut Agro, Université d'Angers, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, 49000, Angers, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baud S, Corso M, Debeaujon I, Dubreucq B, Job D, Marion-Poll A, Miquel M, North H, Rajjou L, Lepiniec L. Recent progress in molecular genetics and omics-driven research in seed biology. C R Biol 2023; 345:61-110. [PMID: 36847120 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled "Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research". This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.
Collapse
|
29
|
Pereira Neto LG, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Toorop PE, Silva EAA. Comparative Seeds Storage Transcriptome Analysis of Astronium fraxinifolium Schott, a Threatened Tree Species from Brazil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213852. [PMID: 36430327 PMCID: PMC9696909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronium fraxinifolium Schott (Anacardiaceae), also known as a 'gonçalo-alves', is a tree of the American tropics, with distribution in Mexico, part of Central America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. In Brazil it is an endangered species that occurs in the Cerrado, Caatinga and in the Amazon biomes. In support of ex situ conservation, this work aimed to study two accessions with different longevity (p50) of A. fraxinifolium collected from two different geographic regions, and to evaluate the transcriptome during aging of the seeds in order to identify genes related to seed longevity. Artificial ageing was performed at a constant temperature of 45 °C and 60% relative humidity. RNA was extracted from 100 embryonic axes exposed to control and aging conditions for 21 days. The transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes such as Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) genes, genes involved in the photosystem, glycine rich protein (GRP) genes, and several transcription factors associated with embryo development and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Thus, these results contribute to understanding which genes play a role in seed ageing, and may serve as a basis for future functional characterization of the seed aging process in A. fraxinifolium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Cesar Rossini
- Biotechnology Institute, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu 18607-440, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Celso Luis Marino
- Biotechnology Institute, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu 18607-440, Brazil
- Departament of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Peter E. Toorop
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral Silva
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18610-034, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Authenticity Assessment from Sesame Seeds to Oil and Sesame Products of Various Origin by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217496. [PMID: 36364323 PMCID: PMC9656069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct thermal characterization of sesame seeds and oils from various geographical origins (Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Sudan, Turkey), different method of extraction (hexane and cold-pressing), and different types of derived products (halva and tahini). Thermal characterization was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which showed that origin of the seeds has no influence on the melting profile of sesame oil (peak temperature and enthalpy). Method of extraction (hexane and cold-pressing) influenced the peak temperatures of the resulting oils (p ≤ 0.05). The addition of 20% of palm olein to pure sesame oil influenced the significant changes in thermodynamic parameters such as peak temperature (Tm2), which was lowered from −5.89 °C to −4.99 °C, peak half width (T1/2), elevated from 3.01 °C to 4.52 °C, and the percentage of first peak area (% peak 1) lowered from 87.9 to 73.2% (p ≤ 0.05). The PCA method enabled to distinguish authentic and adulterated sesame oils of various origins. There were no significant differences in thermal properties among the products (halva, tahini) and the authentic sesame oil (p > 0.05). The obtained results showed DSC feasibility to characterize sesame oil and sesame products in terms of authenticity.
Collapse
|
31
|
Salvi P, Varshney V, Majee M. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220198. [PMID: 36149314 PMCID: PMC9547172 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasized and analyzed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- Govt. Shaheed Gend Singh College, Charama, Chhattisgarh 494337, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
da Silva TA, Crusciol CAC, Batista TB, Bossolani JW, de Oliveira GRF, Basso DP, de Almeida Carmeis Filho AC, Bravo JP, da Silva EAA. Liming enhances longevity of wheat seeds produced in acid soils. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18035. [PMID: 36302923 PMCID: PMC9613768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The environment where plants grow, such as acidic soils, interferes with the nutrient concentration and physiological quality of seeds. This hypothesis was tested using wheat seeds as a model crop, grown in a tropical soil with and without lime application for twelve years. Here we show that lime provides remarkable enhancements in soil chemistry and seed composition, without altering the seed's germination and vigor. Also, it favors the production of seeds with additional molecular mechanisms that extend their longevity. Our results indicate that the application of lime mitigates acidity in tropical soils and ensures the production of seeds with enhanced chemical composition and longer life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Alexandre da Silva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Thiago Barbosa Batista
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - João William Bossolani
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Roberto Fonseca de Oliveira
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Denise Puntel Basso
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos de Almeida Carmeis Filho
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira Bravo
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), 237 Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18610-307 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhou L, Lu L, Chen C, Zhou T, Wu Q, Wen F, Chen J, Pritchard HW, Peng C, Pei J, Yan J. Comparative changes in sugars and lipids show evidence of a critical node for regeneration in safflower seeds during aging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020478. [PMID: 36388552 PMCID: PMC9661361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During seed aging, there is a critical node (CN) where the population viability drops sharply. Exploring the specific locations of the CN in different species of plants is crucial for understanding the biological storage properties of seeds and refining seed life span management. Safflower, a bulk oil crop that relies on seeds for propagation, has a short seed life. However, at present, its biological characteristics during storage are not clear, especially the changes in metabolic capability and cell structures. Such knowledge is needed to improve the management of safflower seed life span and effective preservation in gene banks. Here, the seed survival curve of oilseed safflower under the controlled deterioration conditions of 60% relative humidity and 50°C was detected. The seed population showed an inverted S shape for the fall in germination. In the first 12 days of aging, germination remained above 86%. Prior to the CN at approximately day 10 (C10), when viability was in the "plateau" interval, seed vigor reduced at the same imbibition time point. Further analysis of the changes in sugar concentration found that the sucrose content decreased slowly with aging and the content of raffinose and two monosaccharides decreased abruptly at C10. Differentially metabolized lipids, namely lysophospholipids [lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPE)] and PMeOH, increased at day 3 of aging (C3). Fatty acid content increased by C6, and the content of phospholipids [phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and phosphatidylinositols (PI) and glycolipids [digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, and sulphoquinovosyl diglycerides (SQDG)] decreased significantly from C10. In addition, the activities of raffinose hydrolase alpha-galactosidase and the glyoxylate key enzyme isocitrate lyase decreased with seed aging. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed shrinkage of the seed plasma membrane at C10 and the later fragmentation. Seedling phenotypic indicators and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride activity assays also verified that there were significant changes in seeds quality at the CN. In summary, the time point C10 is a CN during seed population aging. Before the CN, sugar and lipid metabolism, especially fatty acid metabolism into sugar, can make up for the energy consumed by aging. After this point, the seeds were irreversibly damaged, and their viability was greatly and rapidly reduced as the cell structure became increasingly destroyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Krishan R, Sharma RK, Sharma SS. Assessment of seed biology of the Himalayan medicinal herb Phytolacca acinosa Roxb., the Indian pokeweed, from the perspective of longevity, conservation and propagation. THE NUCLEUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-022-00404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
35
|
Moreno LDA, Fonseca de Oliveira GR, Batista TB, Bossolani JW, Ducatti KR, Guimarães CC, Amaral da Silva EA. Quality of cowpea seeds: A food security strategy in the tropical environment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276136. [PMID: 36240183 PMCID: PMC9565620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
What is the relation between seed quality and food security? Here we built a summary diagram that links the development stages of the seeds with their potential of providing grain yield. This idea was tested using cowpea as a model crop, grown in a tropical environment. Initially, seed quality attributes such as water content, dry weight, germination, vigor, and longevity were characterized during seed development. With this, we were able to elucidate at which point the late maturation phase and the acquisition of seed with superior physiological quality starts. From these data, the proposed summary diagram highlighted the seed quality as a technological basis for generating a more productive plant community. It also showed that only seeds with a high-quality profile have a better chance to establishment in an increasingly challenging agricultural environment. Overall, we bring the concept that cowpea seeds with superior quality besides being the essential input for tropical agriculture is also a strategy that can contribute food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia de Aguila Moreno
- Crop Production Department, College of Agricultural Science, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Barbosa Batista
- Crop Production Department, College of Agricultural Science, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João William Bossolani
- Crop Production Department, College of Agricultural Science, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Renostro Ducatti
- Crop Production Department, College of Agricultural Science, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Carvalho Guimarães
- Crop Production Department, College of Agricultural Science, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
- Crop Production Department, College of Agricultural Science, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil,* E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Humphries T, Florentine S. Assessing Seedbank Longevity and Seed Persistence of the Invasive Tussock Grass Nassella trichotoma Using in-Field Burial and Laboratory-Controlled Ageing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2377. [PMID: 36145778 PMCID: PMC9505095 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to produce highly dense and persistent seedbanks is a major contributor to the successful widespread establishment of invasive plants. This study seeks to identify seed persistence and seedbank longevity for the invasive tussock grass Nassella trichotoma (Nees.) Hack. ex Arechav in order to recommend management strategies for preventing re-emergence from the seedbank. To determine the seedbank longevity and persistence, two experiments were conducted: (i) seeds were buried at four depths (0, 1, 2, and 4 cm) and collected and assessed for viability, seed decay, and in-field germination after 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months of field burial; and (ii) seeds were exposed to artificial ageing conditions (60% RH and 45 °C) for 1, 2, 5, 9, 20, 30, 50, 75, 100, and 120 days, and viability was determined through germination tests and tetrazolium tests. Less than 10% of the seeds collected after 12 months of in-field burial were viable. The artificial ageing treatment found germination declined to 50% after 5.8 days, further suggesting that N. trichotoma seeds are short lived. The results from both experiments indicate that N. trichotoma has a transient seedbank, with less than 10% of the seeds demonstrating short-term persistence. It is likely the persistent seeds beyond 12 months were exhibiting secondary dormancy as viable seeds did not germinate under optimal germination conditions. The "Best Practice Guidelines" recommend monitoring for seedbank recruitment for at least three years after treating N. trichotoma infestations. The results of this study support this recommendation as a small proportion of the seeds demonstrated short-term persistence.
Collapse
|
37
|
Niñoles R, Planes D, Arjona P, Ruiz-Pastor C, Chazarra R, Renard J, Bueso E, Forment J, Serrano R, Kranner I, Roach T, Gadea J. Comparative analysis of wild-type accessions reveals novel determinants of Arabidopsis seed longevity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2708-2728. [PMID: 35672914 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic factors involved in seed longevity is of paramount importance in agricultural and ecological contexts. The polygenic nature of this trait suggests that many of them remain undiscovered. Here, we exploited the contrasting seed longevity found amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to further understand this phenomenon. Concentrations of glutathione were higher in longer-lived than shorter-lived accessions, supporting that redox poise plays a prominent role in seed longevity. However, high seed permeability, normally associated with shorter longevity, is also present in long-lived accessions. Dry seed transcriptome analysis indicated that the contribution to longevity of stored messenger RNA (mRNAs) is complex, including mainly accession-specific mechanisms. The detrimental effect on longevity caused by other factors may be counterbalanced by higher levels of specific mRNAs stored in dry seeds, for instance those of heat-shock proteins. Indeed, loss-of-function mutant analysis demonstrated that heat-shock factors HSF1A and 1B contributed to longevity. Furthermore, mutants of the stress-granule zinc-finger protein TZF9 or the spliceosome subunits MOS4 or MAC3A/MAC3B, extended seed longevity, positioning RNA as a novel player in the regulation of seed viability. mRNAs of proteins with putative relevance to longevity were also abundant in shorter-lived accessions, reinforcing the idea that resistance to ageing is determined by multiple factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Niñoles
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Planes
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Paloma Arjona
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Pastor
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Chazarra
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joan Renard
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Bueso
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Forment
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Serrano
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Gadea
- Department of Stress, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ciacka K, Tyminski M, Wal A, Gniazdowska A, Krasuska U. Nitric oxide-an antidote to seed aging modifies meta-tyrosine content and expression of aging-linked genes in apple embryos. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929245. [PMID: 36110361 PMCID: PMC9468924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Short-term (3 h) treatment of embryos isolated from accelerated aged apple seeds (Malus domestica Borkh.) with nitric oxide (NO) partially reduced the effects of aging. The study aimed to investigate the impact of the short-term NO treatment of embryos isolated from apple seeds subjected to accelerated aging on the expression of genes potentially linked to the regulation of seed aging. Apple seeds were artificially aged for 7, 14, or 21 days. Then, the embryos were isolated from the seeds, treated with NO, and cultured for 48 h. Progression of seed aging was associated with the decreased transcript levels of most of the analyzed genes (Lea1, Lea2a, Lea4, Hsp70b, Hsp20a, Hsp20b, ClpB1, ClpB4, Cpn60a, Cpn60b, Raptor, and Saur). The role of NO in the mitigation of seed aging depended on the duration of the aging. After 7 and 14 days of seed aging, a decreased expression of genes potentially associated with the promotion of aging (Tor, Raptor, Saur) was noted. NO-dependent regulation of seed aging was associated with the stimulation of the expression of genes encoding chaperones and proteins involved in the repair of damaged proteins. After NO application, the greatest upregulation of ClpB, Pimt was noted in the embryos isolated from seeds subjected to 7-day long accelerated aging, Hsp70b, Hsp70c, and Cpn in the embryos of seeds aged for 14 days, and Lea2a in the embryos of seeds after 21 days of aging. We also demonstrated the increased meta-tyrosine concentration depending or in respect the progression of artificial aging, and the NO-induced increased phenylalanine content in seeds artificially aged for 21 days. In the NO-treated embryos of seeds aged for 7 and 21 days, the level of tyrosine was almost doubled compared to the aged tissue. Our data confirmed the usage of meta-tyrosine as a marker of seed aging and indicated that the increased meta-tyrosine/tyrosine ratio could be related to the loss of seed viability.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rehmani MS, Aziz U, Xian B, Shu K. Seed Dormancy and Longevity: A Mutual Dependence or a Trade-Off? PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1029-1037. [PMID: 35594901 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait in cereals and leguminous crops as low levels of seed dormancy during harvest season, coupled with high humidity, can cause preharvest sprouting. Seed longevity is another critical trait for commercial crop propagation and production, directly influencing seed germination and early seedling establishment. Both traits are precisely regulated by the integration of genetic and environmental cues. Despite the significance of these two traits in crop production, the relationship between them at the molecular level is still elusive, even with contradictory conclusions being reported. Some studies have proposed a positive correlation between seed dormancy and longevity in association with differences in seed coat permeability or seed reserve accumulation, whereas an increasing number of studies have highlighted a negative relationship, largely with respect to phytohormone-dependent pathways. In this review paper, we try to provide some insights into the interactions between regulatory mechanisms of genetic and environmental cues, which result in positive or negative relationships between seed dormancy and longevity. Finally, we conclude that further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for this apparently contradictory relationship between them is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Usman Aziz
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 1, Dongxiang Road, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, No. 45, Gaoxin South 9 Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Deterioration in the Quality of Recalcitrant Quercus robur Seeds during Six Months of Storage at Subzero Temperatures: Ineffective Activation of Prosurvival Mechanisms and Evidence of Freezing Stress from an Untargeted Metabolomic Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080756. [PMID: 36005628 PMCID: PMC9413681 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is an economically important forest-forming species in Poland that produces seeds that are sensitive to desiccation; therefore, short-lived seeds are classified as recalcitrant. Such seeds display active metabolism throughout storage. Acorns stored under controlled conditions (moisture content of 40%, temperature −3 °C) maintain viability for up to 1.5–2 years. Meanwhile, oaks only produce large numbers of seeds every few years during so-called mast years. This results in a scarcity of good-quality seeds for continuous nursery production and restoration. The recalcitrant storage behavior and the requirements of foresters make it necessary to develop a new protocol for longer acorn storage at lower temperatures. Two storage temperatures were tested: −3 °C (currently used in forest practice) and −7 °C. Our results showed that acorns stored for six months exhibited deterioration and reduced germination capacity, as well as reduced seedling performance, particularly when acorns were stored at −7 °C. To elucidate the decrease in quality during storage, an untargeted metabolomics study was performed for the first time and supported with the analysis of carbohydrates and percentages of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Embryonic axes were characterized by a lower C:N ratio and higher hydration. A total of 1985 metabolites were detected, and 303 were successfully identified and quantified, revealing 44 known metabolites that displayed significantly up- or downregulated abundance. We demonstrated for the first time that the significant deterioration of seed germination potential, particularly in seeds stored at −7 °C, was accompanied by an increased abundance of phenolic compounds and carbohydrates but also amino acids and phosphorylated monosaccharides, particularly in the embryonic axes. The increased abundance of defense-related metabolites (1,2,4-Benzenetriol; BTO), products of ascorbic acid degradation (threonic and isothreonic acid), as well as antifreezing compounds (sugar alcohols, predominantly threitol), was reported in seed stored at −7 °C. We hypothesize that seed deterioration was caused by freezing stress experienced during six months of storage at −7 °C, a decline in antioxidative potential and the unsuccessful rerouting of the energy-production pathways. Additionally, our data are a good example of the application of high-throughput metabolomic tools in forest management.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gianella M, Balestrazzi A, Ravasio A, Mondoni A, Börner A, Guzzon F. Comparative seed longevity under genebank storage and artificial ageing: a case study in heteromorphic wheat wild relatives. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:836-845. [PMID: 35506610 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is a complex trait that depends on numerous factors. It varies among species and populations, and within different seed morphs produced by the same plant. Little is known about variation in longevity in different seed morphs or the physiological and molecular basis of these differences. We evaluated the longevity and oxidative stress status in heteromorphic seeds aged in two different storage conditions. We compared controlled ageing tests (seed storage at 45°C and 60% relative humidity; a method of accelerated ageing used to estimate longevity in genebank conditions) with storage in a genebank for up to 40 years (-18°C and 8% seed moisture content). We employed as study species two wild wheats characterized by seed heteromorphism: Aegilops tauschii and Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides. We estimated the ROS content and the expression of genes coding for enzymes related to the H2 O2 scavenging pathway. Results confirmed that seed longevity varies between different seed morphs. Different storage environments resulted in different longevity and survival curves. ROS levels, even if with variable patterns, were higher in several aged seed lots. We observed consistency in the expression of two genes (GSR and CAT) related to ROS scavenging in the late phase of pre-germinative metabolism. Differences in seed longevity between morphs were observed for the first time under genebank conditions. Our results suggest also that controlled ageing tests should be used with caution to infer ranks of longevity under cold storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gianella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, UK
| | - A Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Ravasio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'L. Spallanzani', University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - F Guzzon
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Bátan, Texcoco, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ramtekey V, Cherukuri S, Kumar S, V. SK, Sheoran S, K. UB, K. BN, Kumar S, Singh AN, Singh HV. Seed Longevity in Legumes: Deeper Insights Into Mechanisms and Molecular Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918206. [PMID: 35968115 PMCID: PMC9364935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production largely depends upon the viability and longevity of high-quality seeds during storage. Legumes are considered as rich source of dietary protein that helps to ensure nutritional security, but associated with poor seed longevity that hinders their performance and productivity in farmer's fields. Seed longevity is the key determinant to assure proper seed plant value and crop yield. Thus, maintenance of seed longevity during storage is of prime concern and a pre-requisite for enhancing crop productivity of legumes. Seed longevity is significantly correlated with other seed quality parameters such as germination, vigor, viability and seed coat permeability that affect crop growth and development, consequently distressing crop yield. Therefore, information on genetic basis and regulatory networks associated with seed longevity, as well as molecular dissection of traits linked to longevity could help in developing crop varieties with good storability. Keeping this in view, the present review focuses towards highlighting the molecular basis of seed longevity, with special emphasis on candidate genes and proteins associated with seed longevity and their interplay with other quality parameters. Further, an attempt was made to provide information on 3D structures of various genetic loci (genes/proteins) associated to seed longevity that could facilitate in understanding the interactions taking place within the seed at molecular level. This review compiles and provides information on genetic and genomic approaches for the identification of molecular pathways and key players involved in the maintenance of seed longevity in legumes, in a holistic manner. Finally, a hypothetical fast-forward breeding pipeline has been provided, that could assist the breeders to successfully develop varieties with improved seed longevity in legumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute-IASRI, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Seema Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Karnal, India
| | - Udaya Bhaskar K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bhojaraja Naik K.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The desiccated, quiescent state of seeds confers extended survival of the embryonic plant. However, accumulation of striking levels of genome damage in quiescence impairs germination and threatens plant survival. The mechanisms by which seeds mitigate this damage remain unclear. Here, we reveal that imbibed Arabidopsis seeds display high resistance to DNA damage, which is lost as seeds advance to germination, coincident with increasing cell cycle activity. In contrast to seedlings, we show that seeds minimize the impact of DNA damage by reducing meristem disruption and delaying SOG1-dependent programmed cell death. This promotes root growth early postgermination. In response to naturally accumulated DNA damage in aging seeds, SOG1 activates cell death postgermination. SOG1 activities are also important for promoting successful seedling establishment. These distinct cellular responses of seeds and seedlings are reflected by different DNA damage transcriptional profiles. Comparative analysis of DNA repair mutants identifies roles of the major genome maintenance pathways in germination but that the repair of cytotoxic chromosomal breaks is the most important for seed longevity. Collectively, these results indicate that high levels of DNA damage incurred in seeds are countered by low cell cycle activity, cell cycle checkpoints, and DNA repair, promoting successful seedling establishment. Our findings reveal insight into both the physiological significance of plant DNA damage responses and the mechanisms which maintain seed longevity, important for survival of plant populations in the natural environment and sustainable crop production under changing climates.
Collapse
|
44
|
Hahn J, Westerman PR, de Mol F, Heiermann M, Gerowitt B. Viability of Wildflower Seeds After Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion in Lab-Scale Biogas Reactors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942346. [PMID: 35909787 PMCID: PMC9337220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of wildflower species as biogas feedstock carries the risk that their seeds survive anaerobic digestion (AD) and cause weed problems if spread with the digestate. Risk factors for seed survival in AD include low temperature, short exposure and hardseededness (HS). However, it is not possible to predict how AD will affect seed viability of previously unstudied species. In laboratory-scale reactors, we exposed seeds of eight species from a mixture of flowering wild plants intended as biogas feedstock and three reference species to AD at two mesophilic temperatures. Half of the species were HS, the other was non-HS (NHS). Viability was determined using a combination of tetrazolium and germination tests. Viability and germinability were modeled as functions of exposure time using a dose-response approach. Responses to AD varied considerably among species, and none of the considered influencing factors (time, temperature, HS) had a consistent effect. Seed lots of a species differed in inactivation times and seed-killing efficacy. The HS species Melilotus officinalis, Melilotus albus, and Malva sylvestris were particularly AD-resistant. They were the only ones that exhibited biphasic viability curves and tended to survive and germinate more at 42°C than at 35°C. Viability of the remaining species declined in a sigmoidal curve. Most NHS species were inactivated within a few days (Cichorium intybus, Daucus carota, Echium vulgare, and Verbascum thapsus), while HS species survived longer (Malva alcea). AD stimulated germination in the HS species A. theophrasti and its AD-resistance overlapped with that of the most resistant NHS species, C. album and tomato. In all seed lots, germinability was lost faster than viability, implying that mainly dormant seeds survived. After the maximum exposure time of 36 days, seeds of HS species and Chenopodium album were still viable. We concluded that viability responses to mesophilic AD were determined by the interplay of AD-conditions and species- and seed-lot-specific traits, of which HS was an important but only one factor. For the use of wildflowers as biogas feedstock, we recommended long retention times and special care with regard to HS species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hahn
- Crop Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paula R. Westerman
- Crop Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Friederike de Mol
- Crop Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Monika Heiermann
- Department Technology Assessment and Substance Cycles, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bärbel Gerowitt
- Crop Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Michalak M, Plitta-Michalak BP, Naskręt-Barciszewska MZ, Barciszewski J, Chmielarz P. DNA Methylation as an Early Indicator of Aging in Stored Seeds of “Exceptional” Species Populus nigra L. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132080. [PMID: 35805164 PMCID: PMC9265770 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ preservation of genetic resources is an essential strategy for the conservation of plant biodiversity. In this regard, seed storage is the most convenient and efficient way of preserving germplasm for future plant breeding efforts. A better understanding of the molecular changes that occur during seed desiccation and aging is necessary to improve conservation protocols, as well as real-time methods for monitoring seed quality. In the present study, we assessed changes in the level of genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in seeds of Populus nigra L. by 2D-TLC. Epigenetic changes were characterized in response to several seed storage regimes. Our results demonstrate that P. nigra seeds represent an intermediate type of post-harvest behavior, falling between recalcitrant and orthodox seeds. This was also true for the epigenetic response of P. nigra seeds to external factors. A crucial question is whether aging in seeds is initiated by a decline in the level of 5mC, or if epigenetic changes induce a process that leads to deterioration. In our study, we demonstrate for the first time that 5mC levels decrease during storage and that the decline can be detected before any changes in seed germination are evident. Once P. nigra seeds reached an 8–10% reduction in the level of 5mC, a substantial decrease in germination occurred. The decline in the level of 5mC appears to be a critical parameter underlying the rapid deterioration of intermediate seeds. Thus, the measurement of 5mC can be a fast, real-time method for assessing asymptomatic aging in stored seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-89-523-44-55
| | - Beata Patrycja Plitta-Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Jan Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.Z.N.-B.); (J.B.)
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kornik, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Smolikova G, Strygina K, Krylova E, Vikhorev A, Bilova T, Frolov A, Khlestkina E, Medvedev S. Seed-to-Seedling Transition in Pisum sativum L.: A Transcriptomic Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131686. [PMID: 35807638 PMCID: PMC9268910 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The seed-to-seedling transition is a crucial step in the plant life cycle. The transition occurs at the end of seed germination and corresponds to the initiation of embryonic root growth. To improve our understanding of how a seed transforms into a seedling, we germinated the Pisum sativum L. seeds for 72 h and divided them into samples before and after radicle protrusion. Before radicle protrusion, seeds survived after drying and formed normally developed seedlings upon rehydration. Radicle protrusion increased the moisture content level in seed axes, and the accumulation of ROS first generated in the embryonic root and plumule. The water and oxidative status shift correlated with the desiccation tolerance loss. Then, we compared RNA sequencing-based transcriptomics in the embryonic axes isolated from pea seeds before and after radicle protrusion. We identified 24,184 differentially expressed genes during the transition to the post-germination stage. Among them, 2101 genes showed more prominent expression. They were related to primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis of cell wall components, redox status, and responses to biotic stress. On the other hand, 415 genes showed significantly decreased expression, including the groups related to water deprivation (eight genes) and response to the ABA stimulus (fifteen genes). We assume that the water deprivation group, especially three genes also belonging to ABA stimulus (LTI65, LTP4, and HVA22E), may be crucial for the desiccation tolerance loss during a metabolic switch from seed to seedling. The latter is also accompanied by the suppression of ABA-related transcription factors ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Among them, HVA22E, ABI4, and ABI5 were highly conservative in functional domains and showed homologous sequences in different drought-tolerant species. These findings elaborate on the critical biochemical pathways and genes regulating seed-to-seedling transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Smolikova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ksenia Strygina
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Krylova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Aleksander Vikhorev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elena Khlestkina
- Postgenomic Studies Laboratory, Federal Research Center N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources of Russian Academy of Sciences, 190000 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Sergei Medvedev
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.S.); (E.K.); (T.B.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu F, Li N, Yu Y, Chen W, Yu S, He H. Insights into the Regulation of Rice Seed Storability by Seed Tissue-Specific Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121570. [PMID: 35736721 PMCID: PMC9231264 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-dormant seeds are continuously aging and deteriorating during storage, leading to declining seed vigor, which is a challenge for the rice seed industry. Improving the storability of seeds is of great significance to ensure the quality of rice and national food security. Through a set of chromosome segment substitution lines population constructed using japonica rice NIP as donor parent and indica rice ZS97 as recurrent parent, we performed seed storability QTL analysis and selected four non-storable NILs to further investigate the storability regulatory mechanisms underlying it. The seeds were divided into four tissues, which were the embryo, endosperm, aleurone layer, and hull, and tissue-specific transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed on them. By exploring the common differentially expressed genes and differentially accumulated metabolites, as well as the KEGG pathway of the four non-storable NILs, we revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathway played a central role in regulating seed storability. Integrated analysis pinpointed 12 candidate genes that may take part in seed storability. The comprehensive analysis disclosed the divergent and synergistic effect of different seed tissues in the regulation of rice storability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (N.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Nannan Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (N.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (S.Y.)
- Weizhai Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station, Fuyang 236418, China
| | - Yuye Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (N.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (S.Y.)
- Glbizzia Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (N.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sibin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (N.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (S.Y.)
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanzi He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (F.L.); (N.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.C.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang B, Wang S, Tang Y, Jiang L, He W, Lin Q, Yu F, Wang L. Transcriptome-Wide Characterization of Seed Aging in Rice: Identification of Specific Long-Lived mRNAs for Seed Longevity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:857390. [PMID: 35651763 PMCID: PMC9149411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.857390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various long-lived mRNAs are stored in seeds, some of which are required for the initial phase of germination and are critical to seed longevity. However, the seed-specific long-lived mRNAs involved in seed longevity remain poorly understood in rice. To identify these mRNAs in seeds, we first performed aging experiment with 14 rice varieties, and categorized them as higher longevity (HL) and lower longevity (LL) rice varieties in conventional rice and hybrid rice, respectively. Second, RNA-seq analysis showed that most genes showed similar tendency of expression changes during natural and artificial aging, suggesting that the effects of these two aging methods on transcription are comparable. In addition, some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HL and LL varieties differed after natural aging. Furthermore, several specific long-lived mRNAs were identified through a comparative analysis of HL and LL varieties after natural aging, and similar sequence features were also identified in the promoter of some specific long-lived mRNAs. Overall, we identified several specific long-lived mRNAs in rice, including gibberellin receptor gene GID1, which may be associated with seed longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Songyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqin Tang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lingli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-Product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Longping Agricultural Science and Technology Huangpu Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gianella M, Doria E, Dondi D, Milanese C, Gallotti L, Börner A, Zannino L, Macovei A, Pagano A, Guzzon F, Biggiogera M, Balestrazzi A. Physiological and molecular aspects of seed longevity: exploring intra-species variation in eight Pisum sativum L. accessions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13698. [PMID: 35526223 PMCID: PMC9321030 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Conservation of plant genetic diversity is fundamental for crop improvement, increasing agricultural production and sustainability, especially in the face of climatic changes. Although seed longevity is essential for the management of seed banks, few studies have, so far, addressed differences in this trait among the accessions of a single species. Eight Pisum sativum L. (pea) accessions were investigated to study the impact of long-term (approximately 20 years) storage, aiming to reveal contrasting seed longevity and clarify the causes for these differences. The outstanding seed longevity observed in the G4 accession provided a unique experimental system. To characterize the biochemical and physical status of stored seeds, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, tocopherols, free proline and reducing sugars were measured. Thermoanalytical measurements (thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry) and transmission electron microscopy combined with immunohistochemical analysis were performed. The long-lived G4 seeds neither consumed tocopherols during storage nor showed free proline accumulation, as a deterioration hallmark, whereas reducing sugars were not affected. Thermal decomposition suggested a biomass composition compatible with the presence of low molecular weight molecules. Expansion of heterochromatic areas and reduced occurrence of γH2AX foci were highlighted in the nucleus of G4 seeds. The longevity of G4 seeds correlates with the occurrence of a reducing cellular environment and a nuclear ultrastructure favourable to genome stability. This work brings novelty to the study of within-species variations in seed longevity, underlining the relevance of multidisciplinary approaches in seed longevity research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maraeva Gianella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, ArdinglyHaywards HeathWest SussexUK
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Daniele Dondi
- C.S.G.I. & Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Chiara Milanese
- C.S.G.I. & Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Lucia Gallotti
- C.S.G.I. & Department of ChemistryUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank DepartmentLeibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) CorrensstrSeelandGermany
| | - Lorena Zannino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Andrea Pagano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Filippo Guzzon
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)Carretera México‐VeracruzTexcocoMexico StateMexico
- Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT), Land Resource Division (LRD)Pacific Community (SPC)SuvaFiji
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘L. Spallanzani’University of PaviaPaviaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gerna D, Ballesteros D, Arc E, Stöggl W, Seal CE, Marami-Zonouz N, Na CS, Kranner I, Roach T. Does oxygen affect ageing mechanisms of Pinus densiflora seeds? A matter of cytoplasmic physical state. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2631-2649. [PMID: 35084458 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During desiccation, the cytoplasm of orthodox seeds solidifies into an intracellular glass with highly restricted diffusion and molecular mobility. Temperature and water content govern seed ageing rates, while oxygen (O2) can promote deteriorative reactions. However, whether the cytoplasmic physical state affects involvement of O2 in seed ageing remains unresolved. We aged Pinus densiflora seeds by controlled deterioration (CD) at 45 °C and distinct relative humidity (RH), resulting in cells with a glassy (11% and 30% RH) or fluid (60% and 80% RH) cytoplasm. Hypoxic conditions (0.4% O2) during CD delayed seed deterioration, lipid peroxidation, and decline of antioxidants (glutathione, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol), but only when the cytoplasm was glassy. In contrast, when the cytoplasm was fluid, seeds deteriorated at the same rate regardless of O2 availability, while being associated with limited lipid peroxidation, detoxification of lipid peroxide products, substantial loss of glutathione, and resumption of glutathione synthesis. Changes in metabolite profiles provided evidence of other O2-independent enzymatic reactions in a fluid cytoplasm, including aldo-keto reductase and glutamate decarboxylase activities. Biochemical profiles of seeds stored under seed bank conditions resembled those obtained after CD regimes that maintained a glassy cytoplasm. Overall, O2 contributed more to seed ageing when the cytoplasm was glassy, rather than fluid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gerna
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Erwann Arc
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Stöggl
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Nicki Marami-Zonouz
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chae Sun Na
- Seed Conservation Research Division, Department of Seed Vault, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, 2160-53 Munsu-ro, Chunyang-myeon, Bonghwa-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|