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Davis MM, Modi HH, Skymba HV, Haigler K, Finnegan MK, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Neural Sensitivity to Peer Feedback and Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Executive Function. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22515. [PMID: 38923470 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Theories of adolescent development suggest that elevated neural sensitivity to social evaluation confers tradeoffs for adolescents' wellbeing, promoting adaptation to changing social contexts but increasing risk for emotional distress and depression. This study investigated whether the association between neural processing of peer feedback and depressive symptoms depends on teacher-reported executive function (EF) ability in adolescent girls. Girls showed activation to negative and positive peer feedback in regions implicated in social-emotional processing that interacted with EF to predict depressive symptoms. Specifically, activation predicted more depression in youth with poorer EF but less depression in youth with better EF, suggesting that the impact of increased social sensitivity may depend on youths' ability to regulate this sensitivity in adaptive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Davis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haina H Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haley V Skymba
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Haigler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Texas, USA
| | - Megan K Finnegan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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2
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Díaz DE, Russman Block SR, Becker HC, Phan KL, Monk CS, Fitzgerald KD. Neural Substrates of Emotion Processing and Cognitive Control Over Emotion In Youth Anxiety: An RDoc-Informed Study Across the Clinical to Non-Clinical Continuum of Severity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00363-0. [PMID: 39059719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinically anxious youth are hypervigilant to emotional stimuli and display difficulty shifting attention from emotional to non-emotional stimuli, suggesting impairments in cognitive control over emotion. However, it is unknown whether the neural substrates of such biases vary across the clinical-to-nonclinical range of anxiety or by age. METHOD Youth aged 7-17 years with clinical anxiety (N = 119) or without an anxiety diagnosis (N = 41) matched emotional faces or matched shapes flanked by emotional face distractors during magnetic resonance imaging, probing emotion processing and cognitive control over emotion, respectively. Building from the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria framework, clinically anxious youth were sampled across diagnostic categories, and non-clinically affected youth were sampled across minimal-to-subclinical severity. RESULTS Across both conditions, anxiety severity associated with hyperactivation in the right inferior parietal lobe, a substrate of hypervigilance. Brain-anxiety associations were also differentiated by attentional state; anxiety severity associated with greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation during emotion processing (face-matching) and greater activation in the left posterior superior temporal sulcus and temporoparietal junction (and slower responses) during cognitive control over emotion (shape-matching). Age also moderated associations between anxiety and cognitive control over emotion, such that anxiety associated with greater right thalamus and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex activation for children at younger and mean ages, but not for older youth. CONCLUSION Aberrant function in brain regions implicated in stimulus-driven attention to emotional distractors may contribute to youth anxiety. Results support the potential utility of attention modulation interventions for anxiety that are tailored to developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Díaz
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | | | | | | | | | - Kate Dimond Fitzgerald
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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3
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Jones EL, Rozenman M. Social Evaluation in Emerging Adults: Associations with Interpretation Bias and Perceived Social Support. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-023-01663-1. [PMID: 38329648 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01663-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Social anxiety symptoms are one of the most common mental health concerns across the lifespan (Bandelow and Michaelis in Dialogues Clin Neurosci 17(3):327-335, 2015. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/bbandelow ) and are especially relevant during emerging adulthood, when social feedback occurs daily (Auxier and Anderson in Social media use in 2021, 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/ ) as emerging adults navigate new social environments. Two cognitive processes have been identified as relevant to social anxiety: high threat interpretation bias (i.e., the tendency to appraise threat from ambiguity; Rozenman et al. in Behav Ther 45(5):594-605, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.03.009 ; J Anxiety Disord 45:34-42, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.11.004 ) is associated with high social anxiety, whereas high perceived social support is associated with low social anxiety. In this study, emerging adults (N = 303) completed an online adaptation of the Chatroom task (Guyer et al. in Arch Gener Psychiatry 65(11):1303-1312, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.11.1303 ), an experimental paradigm designed to simulate social acceptance and rejection, as well as a performance-based measure of interpretation bias (Word Sentence Association Paradigm; Beard and Amir in Behav Res Ther 46(10):1135-1141, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.05.012 ), and a self-report measure of perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; Zimet et al. in J Pers Assess 52(1), 30-41, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2 ). Social anxiety symptoms did not increase as a function of acceptance or rejection during the Chatroom task. However, there were significant interactions between each cognitive predictor and social anxiety change: emerging adults with low interpretation bias towards threat and emerging adults with high perceived social support both experienced decreases in social anxiety from pre- to post-Chatroom task, regardless of whether they were accepted or rejected during the Chatroom task. If replicated, low interpretation bias and high perceived social support may serve as promotive factors in social interactions for emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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4
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Díaz DE, Tseng WL, Michalska KJ. Pre-scan state anxiety is associated with greater right amygdala-hippocampal response to fearful versus happy faces among trait-anxious Latina girls. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38167015 PMCID: PMC10759434 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unfamiliarity with academic research may contribute to higher levels of anticipatory state anxiety about affective neuroimaging tasks. Children with high trait anxiety display differences in brain response to fearful facial affect compared to non-anxious youth, but little is known about the influence of state anxiety on this association. Because reduced engagement in scientific research and greater mistrust among minoritized groups may lead to systematic differences in pre-scan state anxiety, it is crucial to understand the neural correlates of state anxiety during emotion processing so as to disambiguate sources of individual differences. METHODS The present study probed the interactive effects of pre-scan state anxiety, trait anxiety, and emotional valence (fearful vs. happy faces) on neural activation during implicit emotion processing in a community sample of 46 preadolescent Latina girls (8-13 years). RESULTS Among girls with mean and high levels of trait anxiety, pre-scan state anxiety was associated with greater right amygdala-hippocampal and left inferior parietal lobe response to fearful faces relative to happy faces. CONCLUSIONS Anticipatory state anxiety in the scanning context may cause children with moderate and high trait anxiety to be hypervigilant to threats, further compounding the effects of trait anxiety. Neuroimaging researchers should control for state anxiety so that systematic differences in brain activation resulting from MRI apprehension are not misleadingly attributed to demographic or environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Díaz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wan-Ling Tseng
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Stroud LR, Morningstar M, Vergara-Lopez C, Bublitz MH, Lee SY, Sanes JN, Dahl RE, Silk JS, Nelson EE, Dickstein DP. Neural activation to peer acceptance and rejection in relation to concurrent and prospective depression risk in adolescent and pre-adolescent girls. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108618. [PMID: 37352911 PMCID: PMC10530136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiological sensitivity to peer interactions is a proposed marker of risk for adolescent depression. We investigated neural response to peer rejection and acceptance in relation to concurrent and prospective depression risk in adolescent and pre-adolescent girls. Participants were 76 girls (Mage=13, 45% racial/ethnic minorities) varying in depression risk: 22 with current major depressive disorder (MDD), 30 at High Risk for MDD based on parental history, and 24 at Low Risk with no psychiatric history. Girls participated in the Chatroom-Interact task-involving rejection and acceptance feedback from fictitious peers-while undergoing functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging. Activation in response to peer rejection and acceptance was extracted from regions of interest. Depressive symptoms were assessed at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Girls with MDD showed blunted left subgenual anterior cingulate response to acceptance versus girls in High and Low Risk groups. Girls in the High Risk group showed greater right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ) and right anterior insula (AI) activation to both acceptance and rejection versus girls in the MDD (rTPJ) and Low Risk (rTPJ, AI) groups. Greater rTPJ response to rejection was associated with fewer depressive symptoms at 12-months and mediated the association between High Risk group status and 12-month depressive symptoms; greater rTPJ response to acceptance mediated the association between High Risk and increased 12-month depressive symptoms. Our finding of associations between altered neural response to peer interactions and concurrent and prospective depression risk/resilience highlights the importance of neural underpinnings of social cognition as risk and compensatory adaptations along the pathway to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Stroud
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Michele Morningstar
- Department of Psychology & Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chrystal Vergara-Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Margaret H Bublitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sharon Y Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jerome N Sanes
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- School of Public Health, Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yan M, Clarkson T, Walker JC, Alam T, Brock P, Kirk N, Wiggins JL, Jarcho JM. Neural correlates of peer evaluation in irritable adolescents: Linking anticipation to receipt of social feedback. Biol Psychol 2023; 179:108564. [PMID: 37061084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Elevated irritability during adolescence predicts mental health issues in adulthood. Social interactions commonly elicit symptoms of irritability. Prior research has traditionally examined neural activity during the anticipation of, and immediate reaction to, social feedback separately in irritable adolescents. However, studies suggest that irritable adolescents demonstrate altered brain activation when anticipating feedback, and these alterations may have downstream effects on the neural activity when actually presented with feedback. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize the influence of irritability on the relationship between brain function during anticipation and receipt of social feedback. We leveraged the Virtual School task to mimic social interactions using dynamic stimuli. Parallel region of interest (ROI) analyses tested effects of anticipatory bilateral amygdala (or dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; dACC) activation on the dACC (or bilateral amygdala) activation during receipt of peer feedback. Parallel exploratory whole-brain analyses were conducted to identify the effects of anticipatory bilateral amygdala or dACC activation on other regions during receipt of peer feedback. In ROI analyses, more vs. less irritable adolescents showed distinct relationships between anticipatory bilateral amygdala activation and dACC activation when receiving predictably mean feedback. Across both whole-brain analyses, anticipatory bilateral amygdala and dACC activation were separately associated with activation in socioemotional regions of the brain during subsequent feedback. These relationships were modulated by irritability, and the valence and predictability of the feedback. This suggests that irritable adolescents may engage in altered emotion processing and regulation strategies, depending on the valence and predictability of social feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yan
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, United States of America
| | - T Clarkson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States of America
| | - J C Walker
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, United States of America; Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, CA 92120, United States of America
| | - T Alam
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, United States of America
| | - P Brock
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - N Kirk
- San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92182, United States of America
| | - J L Wiggins
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, United States of America; Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, CA 92120, United States of America
| | - J M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States of America
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7
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Pagliaccio D, Kumar P, Kamath RA, Pizzagalli DA, Auerbach RP. Neural sensitivity to peer feedback and depression symptoms in adolescents: a 2-year multiwave longitudinal study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:254-264. [PMID: 36082818 PMCID: PMC9840696 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression risk increases during adolescent development, and individual differences in neural sensitivity to peer feedback (rejection vs. acceptance) may be a key diathesis in understanding stress-related depression risk. METHODS At baseline, adolescents (12-14 years old; N = 124) completed clinical interviews and self-report symptom measures, and the Chatroom Task while MRI data were acquired. The majority of participants provided usable MRI data (N = 90; 76% female), which included adolescents with no maternal depression history (low risk n = 64) and those with a maternal depression history (high risk n = 26). Whole-brain regression models probed group differences in neural sensitivity following peer feedback, and whole-brain linear mixed-effects models examined neural sensitivity to peer feedback by peer stress interactions relating to depression symptoms at up to nine longitudinal assessments over 2 years. RESULTS Whole-brain cluster-corrected results indicated brain activation moderating the strong positive association between peer interpersonal stress and depression over time. This included activation in the anterior insula, cingulate, amygdala, and striatum during anticipation and receipt of feedback (i.e., rejection vs. acceptance). Moderation effects were stronger when examining peer interpersonal (vs. non-interpersonal) stress and in relation to depression (vs. social anxiety) symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Neural responses to peer feedback in key social and incentive processing brain regions may reflect core dispositional risk factors that interact with peer interpersonal stressors to predict adolescent depression symptom severity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pagliaccio
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Poornima Kumar
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahil A. Kamath
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy P. Auerbach
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Smith AR, Jones EL, Subar AR, Do QB, Kircanski K, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA, Pine DS, Silk JS. The role of anxiety and gender in anticipation and avoidance of naturalistic anxiety‐provoking experiences during adolescence: An ecological momentary assessment study. JCPP ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Smith
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Emily L. Jones
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Anni R. Subar
- Department of Psychology University of Denver Denver Colorado USA
| | - Quyen B. Do
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
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Gee DG, Hanson C, Caglar LR, Fareri DS, Gabard-Durnam LJ, Mills-Finnerty C, Goff B, Caldera CJ, Lumian DS, Flannery J, Hanson SJ, Tottenham N. Experimental evidence for a child-to-adolescent switch in human amygdala-prefrontal cortex communication: A cross-sectional pilot study. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13238. [PMID: 35080089 PMCID: PMC9232876 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex are fundamental to human emotion. Despite the central role of frontoamygdala communication in adult emotional learning and regulation, little is known about how top-down control emerges during human development. In the present cross-sectional pilot study, we experimentally manipulated prefrontal engagement to test its effects on the amygdala during development. Inducing dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation resulted in developmentally-opposite effects on amygdala reactivity during childhood versus adolescence, such that dACC activation was followed by increased amygdala reactivity in childhood but reduced amygdala reactivity in adolescence. Bayesian network analyses revealed an age-related switch between childhood and adolescence in the nature of amygdala connectivity with the dACC and ventromedial PFC (vmPFC). Whereas adolescence was marked by information flow from dACC and vmPFC to amygdala (consistent with that observed in adults), the reverse information flow, from the amygdala to dACC and vmPFC, was dominant in childhood. The age-related switch in information flow suggests a potential shift from bottom-up co-excitatory to top-down regulatory frontoamygdala connectivity and may indicate a profound change in the circuitry supporting maturation of emotional behavior. These findings provide novel insight into the developmental construction of amygdala-cortical connections and implications for the ways in which childhood experiences may influence subsequent prefrontal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. Gee
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: ,
| | - Catherine Hanson
- Rutgers University, Department of Psychology, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Leyla Roksan Caglar
- Rutgers University, Department of Psychology, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Dominic S. Fareri
- Adelphi University, Department of Psychology, Blodgett Hall, Garden City, NY 11530
| | | | | | - Bonnie Goff
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christina J. Caldera
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Daniel S. Lumian
- University of Denver, Department of Psychology, 2155 S. Race Street, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Jessica Flannery
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, 235 E. Cameron Ave, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephen J. Hanson
- Rutgers University, Department of Psychology, 101 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Columbia University, Department of Psychology, 406 Schermerhorn Hall, 1190 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027
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10
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Positive valence systems in youth anxiety development: A scoping review. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 89:102588. [PMID: 35691120 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research on pathophysiological mechanisms supporting anxiety development in youth has traditionally focused on the role of threat systems. However, emerging research suggests that the positive valence system (PVS) may also play a strong and unique role in the development and maintenance of anxiety during childhood and adolescence. To better understand the connection between the PVS and anxiety, this scoping review describes current research spanning multiple units of analysis (i.e., self-report, behavior, neural circuits) linking child and adolescent anxiety and risk for anxiety to various PVS constructs (i.e., positive affect, reward responsiveness, reward learning and decision-making). After screening, 78 peer-reviewed articles and dissertations published between 1998 and May 2021 were included in a qualitative review. Though some consistencies in the literature were found, such as high neural reactivity to incentive anticipation in youth at temperamental risk for social anxiety and blunted positive affect in youth with social anxiety disorder, the literature is largely inconsistent. Inconsistencies could be related to the small number of similar studies, small and homogenous study samples, and variability in methodologies employed in this research. It cannot be confirmed whether findings linking PVS constructs to anxiety are unique to anxiety symptoms or better accounted for by co-occurring depressive symptoms. This review concludes with recommendations for robust future research in this area.
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The transdiagnostic origins of anxiety and depression during the pediatric period: Linking NIMH research domain criteria (RDoC) constructs to ecological systems. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:1599-1619. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the last decade, an abundance of research has utilized the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) research domain criteria (RDoC) framework to examine mechanisms underlying anxiety and depression in youth. However, relatively little work has examined how these mechanistic intrapersonal processes intersect with context during childhood and adolescence. The current paper covers reviews and meta-analyses that have linked RDoC-relevant constructs to ecological systems in internalizing problems in youth. Specifically, cognitive, biological, and affective factors within the RDoC framework were examined. Based on these reviews and some of the original empirical research they cover, we highlight the integral role of ecological factors to the RDoC framework in predicting onset and maintenance of internalizing problems in youth. Specific recommendations are provided for researchers using the RDoC framework to inform future research integrating ecological systems and development. We advocate for future research and research funding to focus on better integration of the environment and development into the RDoC framework.
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Grannis C, Leibowitz SF, Gahn S, Nahata L, Morningstar M, Mattson WI, Chen D, Strang JF, Nelson EE. Testosterone treatment, internalizing symptoms, and body image dissatisfaction in transgender boys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105358. [PMID: 34333318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many transgender adolescents experience clinically elevated anxiety and depression. Testosterone (T), used as a gender affirming treatment, may reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. We assessed the effect of gender affirming T treatment on internalizing symptoms, body image dissatisfaction, and activation patterns within the amygdala-prefrontal cortex circuit in transgender adolescent boys. METHOD Symptoms of generalized anxiety, social anxiety, depression, suicidality and body image dissatisfaction were measured by self-report and brain activation was measured during a face processing task with functional MRI in a group of 19 adolescent transgender boys receiving T treatment and 23 not receiving gonadal hormone treatment (UT). RESULTS Severity of anxiety and depression was significantly lower in the T treated group relative to the UT group, along with a trend of lower suicidality. The T group also reported less distress with body features and exhibited stronger connectivity within the amygdala-prefrontal cortex circuit compared to the UT group. Finally, group differences on depression and suicidality were directly associated with body image dissatisfaction, and anxiety symptoms were moderated by amygdala-prefrontal cortex connectivity differences between groups. CONCLUSION T treatment is associated with lower levels of internalizing symptoms among transgender adolescent boys. T is also associated with greater body satisfaction and greater connectivity in a neural circuit associated with anxiety and depression. Satisfaction with body image was found to overlap with the association between T and both depression and suicidality, and amygdala-prefrontal co-activation moderated the role of T on anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Grannis
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Scott F Leibowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shane Gahn
- School of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leena Nahata
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Whitney I Mattson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Diane Chen
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, and Potocsnak Family Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John F Strang
- Gender Development Program and Division of Pediatric Neuropsychology, Children's National Research Institute at Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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13
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Topel S, van Noordt SJR, Willner CJ, Banz BC, Wu J, Castagna P, Kortink ED, van der Molen MJW, Crowley MJ. As they wait: Anticipatory neural response to evaluative peer feedback varies by pubertal status and social anxiety. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 51:101004. [PMID: 34411955 PMCID: PMC8377527 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by substantial biological, neural, behavioral, and social changes. Learning to navigate the complex social world requires adaptive skills. Although anticipation of social situations can serve an adaptive function, providing opportunity to adjust behavior, socially anxious individuals may engage in maladaptive anticipatory processing. Importantly, elevated social anxiety often coincides with adolescence. This study investigated cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) responses during anticipation of evaluative feedback in 106 healthy adolescents aged 12–17 years. We examined differences in anticipatory event-related potentials (i.e., stimulus preceding negativity [SPN]) in relation to social anxiety levels and pubertal maturation. As expected, the right frontal SPN was more negative during feedback anticipation, particularly for adolescents with higher social anxiety and adolescents who were at a more advanced pubertal stage. Effects for the left posterior SPN were the opposite of those for the right frontal SPN consistent with a dipole. Anticipatory reactivity in adolescence was related to social anxiety symptom severity, especially in females, and pubertal maturation in a social evaluative situation. This study provides evidence for the development of social anticipatory processes in adolescence and potential mechanisms underlying maladaptive anticipation in social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selin Topel
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, United States.
| | - Stefon J R van Noordt
- Department of Psychology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Barbara C Banz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, United States
| | - Jia Wu
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, United States
| | | | - Elise D Kortink
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Melle J W van der Molen
- Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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14
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Pozuelo JR, Kilford EJ. Adolescent health series: Adolescent neurocognitive development in Western and Sub-Saharan African contexts. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:1333-1344. [PMID: 34270856 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transitional period of adolescence has long been associated with physical, social and behavioural change. During this time, adolescents start to develop their own self-identity, make important life decisions and acquire the necessary skills to successfully transition to adulthood. More recently, advances in brain imaging technology have enabled increased understanding of structural and functional changes in the human brain during this developmental period, and how they relate to social, emotional, motivational and cognitive development. The ability to integrate these developing cognitive processes in increasingly complex social contexts is a key aspect of mature decision-making, which has implications for adolescent health, educational, economic and social outcomes. Insights from the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience could increase our understanding of this influential stage of life and thus inform potential interventions to promote adolescent health, a critical goal for global health research. Many social changes occur during adolescence and the social environment shapes both brain and cognitive development and the decisions adolescents make. Thus, it is important to study adolescent neurocognitive development in socio-cultural context. Yet, despite evidence from Western studies that socio-cultural and economic factors impact on adolescent neurocognitive development, existing studies of adolescent neurocognitive development in sub-Saharan Africa are relatively scarce. We summarise research findings from Western and sub-Saharan African contexts and highlight areas where research is lacking. Longitudinal studies from more diverse global samples will be needed to build a comprehensive model of adolescent development, that characterises both commonalities in developmental trajectories, as well as the way these can meaningfully differ between both individuals and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Pozuelo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for the Study of African Economies, Blavatnik School of Government and Economics Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma J Kilford
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Ashworth E, Brooks SJ, Schiöth HB. Neural activation of anxiety and depression in children and young people: A systematic meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 311:111272. [PMID: 33725661 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies consistently demonstrate altered neural activation in youth experiencing anxiety and depression in a way that is distinct from adult-onset disorders. However, there is a paucity of research systematically reviewing this, and no meta-analyses have been conducted using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE). The present study conducted a systematic literature search to identify fMRI studies in youth (age 4-18) with depression or anxiety disorders. 48 studies with over 2000 participants were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Significant foci were extracted. Five ALE meta-analyses were conducted: a) activation for both anxiety disorders and depression; b) activation for anxiety disorders only; c) activation for depression only; d) deactivation for both anxiety disorders and depression; e) deactivation for depression. Results indicated significant clusters of increased activation in the bilateral amygdala for youth with internalising disorders, and specifically for those with anxiety disorders. Significant increased activation extended into the dorsal anterior cingulate, entorhinal cortex, the putamen, and the medial and lateral globus pallidus in youth with anxiety disorders. These findings help to detail the nature of anxiety being an amygdala hyperactivity disorder, whilst also defining the distinction between neural activation patterns in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ashworth
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Samantha J Brooks
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Human and Community Development, Department of Psychology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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16
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Strawn JR, Lu L, Peris T, Levine A, Walkup JT. Research Review: Pediatric anxiety disorders - what have we learnt in the last 10 years? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:114-139. [PMID: 32500537 PMCID: PMC7718323 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders first emerge during the critical developmental periods of childhood and adolescence. This review synthesizes recent findings on the prevalence, risk factors, and course of the anxiety disorders; and their neurobiology and treatment. METHODS For this review, searches were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and clinicaltrials.gov. Findings related to the epidemiology, neurobiology, risk factors, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders were then summarized. FINDINGS Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, and early-onset conditions associated with multiple risk factors including early inhibited temperament, environment stress, and structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal-amygdala circuitry as well as the default mode and salience networks. The anxiety disorders are effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety disorders are high prevalence, early-onset conditions associated with a distinct neurobiological fingerprint, and are consistently responsive to treatment. Questions remain regarding who is at risk of developing anxiety disorders as well as the way in which neurobiology predicts treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio,Huaxi MR Research Center, Dept. of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tara Peris
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amir Levine
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - John T. Walkup
- Pritzker Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
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17
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Beer JC, Smith AR, Jarcho JM, Chen G, Reynolds RC, Pine DS, Nelson EE. Anxiously elaborating the social percept: Anxiety and age differences in functional connectivity of the fusiform face area in a peer evaluation paradigm. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C. Beer
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Ashley R. Smith
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Gang Chen
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Richard C. Reynolds
- Scientific and Statistical Computing Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Eric E. Nelson
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
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18
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Rappaport BI, Barch DM. Brain responses to social feedback in internalizing disorders: A comprehensive review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:784-808. [PMID: 32956691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Problems with interpersonal relationships are often a chief complaint among those seeking psychiatric treatment; yet heterogeneity and homogeneity across disorders suggests both common and unique mechanisms of impaired interpersonal relationships. Basic science research has begun yielding insights into how the brain responds to social feedback. Understanding how these processes differ as a function of psychopathology can begin to inform the mechanisms that give rise to such interpersonal dysfunction, potentially helping to identify differential treatment targets. We reviewed 46 studies that measured the relationship between brain responses to social feedback and internalizing psychopathology. We found that socially relevant anxiety was associated with amygdala hyperactivity to the anticipation of social feedback. Depression was related to hyperreactivity of regions in the cingulo-opercular network to negative social feedback. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was associated with hyperactivity of regions in the default mode network to negative social feedback. The review also identified key insights into methodological limitations and potential future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent I Rappaport
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Hsu DT, Sankar A, Malik MA, Langenecker SA, Mickey BJ, Love TM. Common neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in healthy adults. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:571-583. [PMID: 32715953 PMCID: PMC7674199 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1801502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although romantic rejection and acceptance have a strong impact on mood in adults, their neural response patterns are relatively unexplored. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural responses to romantic rejection and acceptance in 36 healthy men and women, ages 18-53 years. Activations during rejection showed extensive anatomical overlap with activations during acceptance in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and anterior insula (AI). In an analysis of sex differences, men and women did not differ in behavioral responses; however, men showed greater activation to romantic rejection and acceptance in the left vlPFC and AI compared to women. The vlPFC and AI may play a role in social cognition, tuned to detect the intentions and feelings of others whether they are positive or negative. In the context of romantic rejection and acceptance, this activation may signal the intent of others who are desired by the individual, leading to changes in mood, self-esteem, and social motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anjali Sankar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mohammad A Malik
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian J Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tiffany M Love
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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20
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Abstract
After obtaining a sample of published, peer-reviewed articles from journals with high and low impact factors in social, cognitive, neuro-, developmental, and clinical psychology, we used a priori equations recently derived by Trafimow (Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77, 831-854, 2017; Trafimow & MacDonald in Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77, 204-219, 2017) to compute the articles' median levels of precision. Our findings indicate that developmental research performs best with respect to precision, whereas cognitive research performs the worst; however, none of the psychology subfields excelled. In addition, we found important differences in precision between journals in the upper versus lower echelons with respect to impact factors in cognitive, neuro-, and clinical psychology, whereas the difference was dramatically attenuated for social and developmental psychology. Implications are discussed.
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21
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Kumar P, Pisoni A, Bondy E, Kremens R, Singleton P, Pizzagalli DA, Auerbach RP. Delineating the social valuation network in adolescents. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:1159-1166. [PMID: 31680163 PMCID: PMC7057279 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents strive for peer approval, and an increased sensitivity to peers' opinions is normative. However, among vulnerable adolescents, peer evaluation can be detrimental, contributing to affective disorders. It is, therefore, critical to improve our understanding of neural underpinnings of peer evaluation. Prior research has investigated averaged neural responses to peer acceptance or rejection, neglecting to probe trial-by-trial computations that mirror real-time updating of daily activities. In non-social decision-making, a common neural valuation system centered on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has emerged, which evaluates different reward types on a common scale to guide choices. However, it is unclear whether the mPFC also tracks complex social scenarios involving peer feedback. To address this gap, we acquired fMRI data from 55 healthy adolescents during the Chatroom Task, which probes peer evaluation, and implemented a computational approach to characterize trial-by-trial social value, thereby allowing us to interrogate the neural correlates of social value. Consistent with our hypothesis, social value signals were encoded in the mPFC. Interestingly, analyses also revealed a wider social-specific valuation network including the precuneus and amygdala. Understanding how adolescents make social decisions and neural markers associated with it, may, ultimately, help us clarify promising targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Kumar
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Pisoni
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Erin Bondy
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Rebecca Kremens
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Paris Singleton
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA, and
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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22
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Quarmley ME, Nelson BD, Clarkson T, White LK, Jarcho JM. I Knew You Weren't Going to Like Me! Neural Response to Accurately Predicting Rejection Is Associated With Anxiety and Depression. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:219. [PMID: 31632249 PMCID: PMC6783491 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression often emerge in adolescence. A normative increase in the desire for peer acceptance may be one of many contributing factors. These shifts occur during a phase of development in which neural reward networks, including structures such as the ventral striatum, undergo critical changes. Despite the salience of peer feedback during adolescence, neural responses to reward have largely been examined in the monetary domain, leaving many open questions about responses to social rewards. Moreover, most paradigms do not tease apart different aspects of reward processing (e.g., receiving feedback, being correct). Anxiety and depression are also associated with alterations in reward networks; however, little is known about how anxiety and depression in adolescence relate to differences in social vs. non-social reward processing. In this study, adolescents (n = 28) underwent fMRI while completing novel monetary and social feedback tasks, which tease apart reward domain (social/monetary), valence (positive/negative), and outcome (correct/incorrect). Participants were shown a pair of stimuli (doors/age-matched peers) and asked to indicate which stimulus would provide positive (win money/social like) or negative (lose money/social dislike) feedback. Participants then received feedback about the purported accuracy of their response. Region-of-interest analyses showed that left ventral striatum response varied by domain (social/monetary), valence (positive/negative), and outcome (correct/incorrect) of reward. Additionally, unique associations between anxiety, depression, and brain function were observed for correct, but not for incorrect trials, in the social, but not monetary task. Specifically, adolescents with high anxiety symptoms, but low depression, displayed greater left ventral striatum activation when correctly identifying peers who gave dislike (vs. like) feedback. Thus, anxious youth exhibited enhanced activation in a brain region implicated in reward processing when they accurately predicted someone was going to dislike them. Higher levels of both depression and anxiety symptoms were associated with greater striatal activation to correctly identifying peers who gave like (vs. dislike) feedback. These results suggest a neural mechanism by which negative prediction biases may be reinforced in anxious youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Quarmley
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Tessa Clarkson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lauren K White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Johanna M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Jarcho JM, Grossman HY, Guyer AE, Quarmley M, Smith AR, Fox NA, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Nelson EE. Connecting Childhood Wariness to Adolescent Social Anxiety through the Brain and Peer Experiences. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1153-1164. [PMID: 31028560 PMCID: PMC6628896 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Wariness in early childhood manifests as shy, inhibited behavior in novel social situations and is associated with increased risk for developing social anxiety. In youth with childhood wariness, exposure to a potent social stressor, such as peer victimization, may potentiate brain-based sensitivity to unpredictable social contexts, thereby increasing risk for developing social anxiety. To test brain-based associations between early childhood wariness, self-reported peer victimization, and current social anxiety symptoms, we quantified neural responses to different social contexts in low- and high-victimized pre-adolescents with varying levels of early childhood wariness. Measures of early childhood wariness were obtained annually from ages 2-to-7-years. At age 11, participants were characterized as having low (N = 20) or high (N = 27) peer victimization. To index their neural responses to peer evaluation, participants completed an fMRI-based Virtual School paradigm (Jarcho et al. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 21-31, 2013a). In highly victimized, relative to low-victimized participants, wariness was differentially related to right amygdala response based on the valence and predictability of peer evaluation. More specifically, in highly victimized participants, wariness was associated with greater right amygdala response to unpredictably positive peer evaluation. Effects of wariness were not observed in participants who reported low levels of victimization. Moreover, in victimized participants, high wariness and right amygdala response to unpredictably positive peer evaluation was associated with more severe social anxiety symptoms. Results can be interpreted using a diathesis-stress model, which suggests that neural response to unexpectedly positive social feedback is a mechanism by which exposure to peer victimization potentiates the risk for developing social anxiety in individuals exhibiting high levels of early childhood wariness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
| | - Hannah Y Grossman
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University of Buffalo, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Megan Quarmley
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Ashley R Smith
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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24
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Hein TC, Mattson WI, Dotterer HL, Mitchell C, Lopez-Duran N, Thomason ME, Peltier SJ, Welsh RC, Hyde LW, Monk CS. Amygdala habituation and uncinate fasciculus connectivity in adolescence: A multi-modal approach. Neuroimage 2018; 183:617-626. [PMID: 30172004 PMCID: PMC6197897 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite prior extensive investigations of the interactions between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, few studies have simultaneously considered activation and structural connectivity in this circuit, particularly as it pertains to adolescent socioemotional development. The current multi-modal study delineated the correspondence between uncinate fasciculus (UF) connectivity and amygdala habituation in a large adolescent sample that was drawn from a population-based sample. We then examined the influence of demographic variables (age, gender, and pubertal status) on the relation between UF connectivity and amygdala habituation. 106 participants (15-17 years) completed DTI and an fMRI emotional face processing task. Left UF fractional anisotropy was associated with left amygdala habituation to fearful faces, suggesting that increased structural connectivity of the UF may facilitate amygdala regulation. Pubertal status moderated this structure-function relation, such that the association was stronger in those who were less mature. Therefore, UF connectivity may be particularly important for emotion regulation during early puberty. This study is the first to link structural and functional limbic circuitry in a large adolescent sample with substantial representation of ethnic minority participants, providing a more comprehensive understanding of socioemotional development in an understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Hein
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney I Mattson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Behavioral Health at the Research Institute of Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hailey L Dotterer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Population Studies Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child and Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Scott J Peltier
- Functional MRI Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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25
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Haller SPW, Mills KL, Hartwright CE, David AS, Cohen Kadosh K. When change is the only constant: The promise of longitudinal neuroimaging in understanding social anxiety disorder. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 33:73-82. [PMID: 29960860 PMCID: PMC6969264 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal studies offer a unique window into developmental change. Yet, most of what we know about the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is based on cross-sectional work. Here, we highlight the importance of adopting a longitudinal approach in order to make progress towards identifying the neurobiological mechanisms of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Using examples, we illustrate how longitudinal data can uniquely inform SAD etiology and timing of interventions. The brain's inherently adaptive quality requires that we model risk correlates of disorders as dynamic in their expression. Developmental theories regarding timing of environmental events, cascading effects and (mal)adaptations of the developing brain will be crucial components of comprehensive, integrative models of SAD. We close by discussing analytical considerations when working with longitudinal, developmental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlotte E Hartwright
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK; Aston Brain Center, Aston University, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, UK.
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Sex differences in the neural underpinnings of social and monetary incentive processing during adolescence. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 18:296-312. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-018-0570-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in youth; however, progress in treatment for childhood anxiety has stalled over the past decade. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project represents a shift toward a dimensional and interdisciplinary approach to psychiatric disorders; this shift can reframe developmental psychopathology for childhood anxiety and facilitate novel advances in its classification and treatment. Here we highlight constructs in the Systems for Social Processes and the Negative Valence System domains of RDoC, as they relate to childhood anxiety disorders. Childhood anxiety relates to both RDoC domains. In terms of social processes, through natural reliance on parents to reduce children's fear, attachment represents one particular social process, which plays a central role in anxiety among youth. In terms of negative valence, considerable research links threat conditioning to pediatric anxiety. Finally, fronto-amygdala circuitry relates to all three entities, as it has been shown to underly both attachment processes and threat learning, while it also has been consistently implicated in anxiety disorders across development. Through integrative and translational approaches, RDoC provides unique opportunities and simultaneous challenges for advancing the understanding and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.
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Caouette JD, Feldstein Ewing SW. Four Mechanistic Models of Peer Influence on Adolescent Cannabis Use. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2017; 4:90-99. [PMID: 29104847 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-017-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Most adolescents begin exploring cannabis in peer contexts, but the neural mechanisms that underlie peer influence on adolescent cannabis use are still unknown. This theoretical overview elucidates the intersecting roles of neural function and peer factors in cannabis use in adolescents. Recent findings Novel paradigms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in adolescents have identified distinct neural mechanisms of risk decision-making and incentive processing in peer contexts, centered on reward-motivation and affect regulatory neural networks; these findings inform a theoretical model of peer-driven cannabis use decisions in adolescents. Summary We propose four "mechanistic profiles" of social facilitation of cannabis use in adolescents: (1) peer influence as the primary driver of use; (2) cannabis exploration as the primary driver, which may be enhanced in peer contexts; (3) social anxiety; and (4) negative peer experiences. Identification of "neural targets" involved in motivating cannabis use may inform clinicians about which treatment strategies work best in adolescents with cannabis use problems, and via which social and neurocognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Caouette
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3314 SW US Veteran's Hospital Road, M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah W Feldstein Ewing
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3314 SW US Veteran's Hospital Road, M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Lau JYF, Waters AM. Annual Research Review: An expanded account of information-processing mechanisms in risk for child and adolescent anxiety and depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:387-407. [PMID: 27966780 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression occurring during childhood and adolescence are common and costly. While early-emerging anxiety and depression can arise through a complex interplay of 'distal' factors such as genetic and environmental influences, temperamental characteristics and brain circuitry, the more proximal mechanisms that transfer risks on symptoms are poorly delineated. Information-processing biases, which differentiate youth with and without anxiety and/or depression, could act as proximal mechanisms that mediate more distal risks on symptoms. This article reviews the literature on information-processing biases, their associations with anxiety and depression symptoms in youth and with other distal risk factors, to provide direction for further research. METHODS Based on strategic searches of the literature, we consider how youth with and without anxiety and/or depression vary in how they deploy attention to social-affective stimuli, discriminate between threat and safety cues, retain memories of negative events and appraise ambiguous information. We discuss how these information-processing biases are similarly or differentially expressed on anxiety and depression and whether these biases are linked to genetic and environmental factors, temperamental characteristics and patterns of brain circuitry functioning implicated in anxiety and depression. FINDINGS Biases in attention and appraisal characterise both youth anxiety and depression but with some differences in how these are expressed for each symptom type. Difficulties in threat-safety cue discrimination characterise anxiety and are understudied in depression, while biases in the retrieval of negative and overgeneral memories have been observed in depression but are understudied in anxiety. Information-processing biases have been studied in relation to some distal factors but not systematically, so relationships remain inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Biases in attention, threat-safety cue discrimination, memory and appraisal may characterise anxiety and/or depression risk. We discuss future research directions that can more systematically test whether these biases act as proximal mechanisms that mediate other distal risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Y F Lau
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allison M Waters
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia
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Guyer AE, Silk JS, Nelson EE. The neurobiology of the emotional adolescent: From the inside out. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:74-85. [PMID: 27506384 PMCID: PMC5074886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are commonly portrayed as highly emotional, with their behaviors often hijacked by their emotions. Research on the neural substrates of adolescent affective behavior is beginning to paint a more nuanced picture of how neurodevelopmental changes in brain function influence affective behavior, and how these influences are modulated by external factors in the environment. Recent neurodevelopmental models suggest that the brain is designed to promote emotion regulation, learning, and affiliation across development, and that affective behavior reciprocally interacts with age-specific social demands and different social contexts. In this review, we discuss current findings on neurobiological mechanisms of adolescents' affective behavior and highlight individual differences in and social-contextual influences on adolescents' emotionality. Neurobiological mechanisms of affective processes related to anxiety and depression are also discussed as examples. As the field progresses, it will be critical to test new hypotheses generated from the foundational empirical and conceptual work and to focus on identifying more precisely how and when neural networks change in ways that promote or thwart adaptive affective behavior during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Section on Developmental Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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The development of social cognition in adolescence: An integrated perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:106-120. [PMID: 27545755 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Social cognitive processes are critical in navigating complex social interactions and are associated with a network of brain areas termed the 'social brain'. Here, we describe the development of social cognition, and the structural and functional changes in the social brain during adolescence, a period of life characterised by extensive changes in social behaviour and environments. Neuroimaging and behavioural studies have demonstrated that the social brain and social cognition undergo significant development in human adolescence. Development of social cognition and the social brain are discussed in the context of developments in other neural systems, such as those implicated in motivational-affective and cognitive control processes. Successful transition to adulthood requires the rapid refinement and integration of these processes and many adolescent-typical behaviours, such as peer influence and sensitivity to social exclusion, involve dynamic interactions between these systems. Considering these interactions, and how they vary between individuals and across development, could increase our understanding of adolescent brain and behavioural development.
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Schriber RA, Guyer AE. Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:1-18. [PMID: 26773514 PMCID: PMC4912893 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence has been characterized as a period of heightened sensitivity to social contexts. However, adolescents vary in how their social contexts affect them. According to neurobiological susceptibility models, endogenous, biological factors confer some individuals, relative to others, with greater susceptibility to environmental influences, whereby more susceptible individuals fare the best or worst of all individuals, depending on the environment encountered (e.g., high vs. low parental warmth). Until recently, research guided by these theoretical frameworks has not incorporated direct measures of brain structure or function to index this sensitivity. Drawing on prevailing models of adolescent neurodevelopment and a growing number of neuroimaging studies on the interrelations among social contexts, the brain, and developmental outcomes, we review research that supports the idea of adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context for understanding why and how adolescents differ in development and well-being. We propose that adolescent development is shaped by brain-based individual differences in sensitivity to social contexts - be they positive or negative - such as those created through relationships with parents/caregivers and peers. Ultimately, we recommend that future research measure brain function and structure to operationalize susceptibility factors that moderate the influence of social contexts on developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Schriber
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, California, United States; Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States.
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Allen NB, Dahl RE. Multi-Level Models of Internalizing Disorders and Translational Developmental Science: Seeking Etiological Insights that can Inform Early Intervention Strategies. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 43:875-83. [PMID: 25947071 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This commentary discusses the articles in this special section with an emphasis on the specific utility of multivariate, multi-level models in developmental psychopathology for ultimately contributing to both etiologic insights and translational advances. These issues are considered not only in terms of the specific papers, but also within a larger set of questions regarding the opportunities (and challenges) currently facing the field. We describe why we believe this an exciting time for integrative team-science approaches to tackle these challenges--a time that holds great promise for rapid advances in integrative developmental science that includes a biological level of mechanistic understanding. In order to facilitate this, we outline a range of approaches within both translational neuroscience and translational developmental science that can be used as frameworks for understanding how such research can provide etiologic insights regarding real-world targets at the level of social, behavioral, and affective processes that can be modified during key developmental windows of opportunity. We conclude that a "construct validity" framework, where biological data form a critical, but not privileged, component of key etiological mechanisms, combined with a developmental perspective on key period of sensitivity to intervention effects, is most likely to provide significant translational outcomes.
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Social re-orientation and brain development: An expanded and updated view. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 17:118-27. [PMID: 26777136 PMCID: PMC6990069 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We expand our adolescent re-orientation model to include other developmental periods. We review neuroimaging literature on social information processing. We combine human and animal based approaches to social behavior.
Social development has been the focus of a great deal of neuroscience based research over the past decade. In this review, we focus on providing a framework for understanding how changes in facets of social development may correspond with changes in brain function. We argue that (1) distinct phases of social behavior emerge based on whether the organizing social force is the mother, peer play, peer integration, or romantic intimacy; (2) each phase is marked by a high degree of affect-driven motivation that elicits a distinct response in subcortical structures; (3) activity generated by these structures interacts with circuits in prefrontal cortex that guide executive functions, and occipital and temporal lobe circuits, which generate specific sensory and perceptual social representations. We propose that the direction, magnitude and duration of interaction among these affective, executive, and perceptual systems may relate to distinct sensitive periods across development that contribute to establishing long-term patterns of brain function and behavior.
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