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Machado AS, Bragança M, Vieira-Coelho M. Epigenetic effects of cannabis: A systematic scoping review of behavioral and emotional symptoms associated with cannabis use and exocannabinoid exposure. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 263:111401. [PMID: 39137613 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research suggests that epigenetic modifications may mediate the behavioral effects of cannabis, influencing exocannabinnoids' long term effects in cognitive function and its role in the emergence of psychotic symptoms. BASIC PROCEDURES In this systematic scoping review, we assessed the current evidence of epigenetic effects associated with the use of cannabis or exocannabinoid administration and their relationship with behavioral and emotional symptoms. We searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science, up to January 2022, using the terms "cannabis" and "epigenetics." The search yielded 178 articles, of which 43 underwent full article revision; 37 articles were included in the review. MAIN FINDINGS The gathered evidence included observational cross-sectional studies conducted on human subjects and experimental designs using animal models that conveyed disparity in administration dosage, methods of cannabis use assessment and targeted epigenetic mechanisms. Nine studies performed epigenome-wide analysis with identification of differentially methylated sites; most of these studies found a global hypomethylation, and enrichment in genes related to cellular survival and neurodevelopment. Other studies assessed methylation at specific genes and found that cannabis exposure was associated with reduced methylation at Cg05575921, DNMT1, DRD2, COMT, DLGAP2, Arg1, STAT3, MGMT, and PENK, while hypermethylation was found at DNMT3a/b, NCAM1, and AKT1. CONCLUSIONS The review found evidence of an exocannabinoid-induced epigenetic changes that modulate depressive-anxious, psychotic, and addictive behavioural phenotypes. Further studies will require dosage exposure/administration uniformization and a customized pool of genes to assess their suitability as biomarkers for psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Machado
- Psychiatry Service of São João Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Medicine Faculty of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Bragança
- Psychiatry Service of São João Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal; Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Medicine Faculty of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Vieira-Coelho
- Psychiatry Service of São João Local Health Unit, Porto, Portugal; Biomedicine Department, Medicine Faculty of Porto University (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
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2
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Coyle JT. Passing the torch: The ascendance of the glutamatergic synapse in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 228:116376. [PMID: 38906225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
For nearly fifty years, the dopamine hypothesis has dominated our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and provided the lone target for drug development. However, with the exception of clozapine, the dopamine D2 receptor antagonizing anti-psychotic drugs have little impact on the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits, aspects of the disorder that robustly predict outcome. Pathologic studies reveal cortical atrophy and wide-spread loss of glutamatergic synaptic spines, unexplained by dopaminergic malfunction. Recent genome-wide association studies indicate that at least thirty risk genes for schizophrenia encode proteins localized to the glutamatergic synapse and inhibit glutamate neurotransmission, especially at the NMDA receptor. To function, the NMDA receptor requires the binding of glycine (primarily in the cerebellum and brainstem) or D-serine (in forebrain) to the NR1 channel subunit of the NMDA receptor. Genetically silencing the gene (srr) encoding serine racemase, the biosynthetic enzyme for D-serine, results in forebrain NMDA receptor hypofunction. The srr-/- mice have 90 % loss of endogenous D-serine and approximately 70 % decrease in NMDA receptor function. Several animal models of schizophrenia are based on behavioral and pharmacologic strategies, which have negligible validity with regard to the fundamental etiology of schizophrenia. We summarize here the results of a mouse model, in which srr, one of the two dozen or more risk gene for schizophrenia that affect NMDA receptor function, has been inactivated. The srr-/- mice exhibit striking similarities to schizophrenia including cortical atrophy, loss of cortico-limbic glutamatergic synapses, increased sub-cortical dopamine release, EEG abnormalities, and cognitive impairments. The limited efficacy of drugs targeting the glutamatergic synapse on DSM-5 diagnosed criteria for schizophrenia used in clinical trials may reflect the fact that only 30 % of the patients have impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission, resulting from the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Coyle
- Eben S Draper Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Harvard Medical School (Emeritus), McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
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3
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Andreou D, Jørgensen KN, Nerland S, Calkova T, Mørch-Johnsen L, Smelror RE, Wortinger LA, Lundberg M, Bohman H, Myhre AM, Jönsson EG, Andreassen OA, Agartz I. Caudate nucleus volume in medicated and unmedicated patients with early- and adult-onset schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22755. [PMID: 39353988 PMCID: PMC11445249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The caudate nucleus is a part of the striatum, and striatal hyperdopaminergia is considered central to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. How caudate volume is affected in schizophrenia and what role antipsychotics play remains unclear. In early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), where psychosis emerges during a neurodevelopmentally critical phase, the caudate may exhibit a heightened vulnerability to the effects of antipsychotic medications. We hypothesized effects of both antipsychotic medication use and age of onset on caudate in schizophrenia. We included adult patients with EOS (n = 83) and adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) (n = 246), adult healthy controls (HC, n = 774), adolescent patients with non-affective psychosis (n = 56) and adolescent HC (n = 97). We obtained T1-weighted MRI scans using a 1.5T Siemens scanner and General Electric 3T scanners. In our main analysis, we tested for main and interaction effects of diagnosis and current antipsychotic medication use on caudate volume. Adult patients with EOS (p < 0.001) and AOS (p = 0.002) had both larger caudate than HC. Age of onset (EOS/AOS) interacted with antipsychotic use (p = 0.004) which was associated with larger caudate in EOS (p < 0.001) but not in AOS (p = 0.654). Conversely, among medicated patients only, EOS had larger caudate than AOS (p < 0.001). No other subcortical structures showed differences between medicated EOS and AOS. Medicated adolescent patients with non-affective psychosis and medicated adult patients with EOS showed similar caudate volumes. The results may indicate a schizophrenia-related and a medication-induced caudate increase, the latter restricted to patients with EOS and possibly occurring already in adolescence shortly after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Andreou
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Forskningsveien 7, 0373, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Stener Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Forskningsveien 7, 0373, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tereza Calkova
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Vastmanland Hospital Vasteras, Region Vastmanland - Uppsala University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - Runar Elle Smelror
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Forskningsveien 7, 0373, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura A Wortinger
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Forskningsveien 7, 0373, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Lundberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Bohman
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Margrethe Myhre
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Departement of Research and innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Forskningsveien 7, 0373, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Bahrami S, Nordengen K, Rokicki J, Shadrin AA, Rahman Z, Smeland OB, Jaholkowski PP, Parker N, Parekh P, O'Connell KS, Elvsåshagen T, Toft M, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Westlye LT, Kaufmann T, Andreassen OA. The genetic landscape of basal ganglia and implications for common brain disorders. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8476. [PMID: 39353893 PMCID: PMC11445552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia are subcortical brain structures involved in motor control, cognition, and emotion regulation. We conducted univariate and multivariate genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to explore the genetic architecture of basal ganglia volumes using brain scans obtained from 34,794 Europeans with replication in 4,808 white and generalization in 5,220 non-white Europeans. Our multivariate GWAS identified 72 genetic loci associated with basal ganglia volumes with a replication rate of 55.6% at P < 0.05 and 87.5% showed the same direction, revealing a distributed genetic architecture across basal ganglia structures. Of these, 50 loci were novel, including exonic regions of APOE, NBR1 and HLAA. We examined the genetic overlap between basal ganglia volumes and several neurological and psychiatric disorders. The strongest genetic overlap was between basal ganglia and Parkinson's disease, as supported by robust LD-score regression-based genetic correlations. Mendelian randomization indicated genetic liability to larger striatal volume as potentially causal for Parkinson's disease, in addition to a suggestive causal effect of greater genetic liability to Alzheimer's disease on smaller accumbens. Functional analyses implicated neurogenesis, neuron differentiation and development in basal ganglia volumes. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture and molecular associations of basal ganglia structure and their role in brain disorders.
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Grants
- R01 MH129742 NIMH NIH HHS
- Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen (Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Foundation)
- Norwegian Health Association (22731, 25598), the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2013-123, 2017-112, 2019-108, 2014-097, 2015-073, 2016-083), the Research Council of Norway (276082, 323961. 213837, 223273, 248778, 273291, 262656, 229129, 283798, 311993, 324499. 204966, 249795, 273345).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Bahrami
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kaja Nordengen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nadine Parker
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Toft
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Di Bartolomeo M, Čerňanová A, Petrušová V, Di Martino S, Hodosy J, Drago F, Micale V, D'Addario C. DNA methylation at cannabinoid type 1 and dopamine D2 receptor genes in saliva samples of psychotic subjects: Is there an effect of Cannabis use? Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107343. [PMID: 39127265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychosis is a characterizing feature of many mental disorders that dramatically affects human thoughts and perceptions, influencing the ability to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as stressful events or drug use, play a pivotal role in the development of symptomatology and therefore changes in the epigenome may be of relevance in modeling a psychotic phenotype. According to the well-documented dysregulation of endocannabinoid and dopaminergic system genes in schizophrenia, we investigated DNA methylation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CNR1) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genes in saliva samples from psychotic subjects using pyrosequencing. The epigenetic mark was significantly higher and directly correlated for both genes in psychotic subjects compared to healthy controls. We also showed that these DNA methylation levels were lower in psychotic subjects reporting current delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption, a well-known risk factor for developing psychosis throughout the lifespan, resembling those of controls at least for the DRD2 gene. Overall, our data confirm the key role of CNR1 and DRD2 gene regulation in psychosis and suggest DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites as potential biomarkers, but just in those psychotic subjects not consuming THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo 64100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Čerňanová
- Psychiatric Department SMU, Slovak Medical University and University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Bratislava 82101, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Petrušová
- Psychiatric Department SMU, Slovak Medical University and University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Bratislava 82101, Slovakia
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Július Hodosy
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Bratislava 82101, Slovakia; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo 64100, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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6
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Weilnhammer V, Murai Y, Whitney D. Dynamic predictive templates in perception. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4301-4306.e2. [PMID: 39173625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Hallucinations are vivid and transient experiences of objects, such as images or sounds, that occur in the absence of a corresponding stimulus.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 To understand the neurocomputational mechanisms of hallucinations, cognitive neuroscience has focused on experiments that induce false alarms (FAs) in healthy participants,1,2,3,4,5,9 psychosis-prone individuals,1,3,4 and patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.5 FAs occur when participants make decisions about difficult-to-detect stimuli and indicate the presence of a signal that was, in fact, not presented. Since FAs are, at heart, reports, they must meet two criteria to serve as an experimental proxy for hallucinations: first, FAs should reflect perceptual states that are characterized by specific contents10,11,12 (criterion 1). Second, FAs should occur on a timescale compatible with the temporal dynamics of hallucinations13,14 (criterion 2). In this work, we combined a classification image approach15 with hidden Markov models16 to show that FAs can match the perceptual and temporal characteristics of hallucinations. We asked healthy human participants to discriminate visual stimuli from noise and found that FAs were more likely to occur during an internal mode of sensory processing, a minute-long state of the brain during which perception is strongly biased toward previous experiences17 (serial dependency). Our results suggest that hallucinations are driven by dynamic predictive templates that transform noise into transient, coherent, and meaningful perceptual experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veith Weilnhammer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Yuki Murai
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - David Whitney
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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Sapienza J, Martini F, Comai S, Cavallaro R, Spangaro M, De Gregorio D, Bosia M. Psychedelics and schizophrenia: a double-edged sword. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02743-x. [PMID: 39294303 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Psychedelics have shown promising effects in several psychiatric diseases as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. However, no clinical experiments on patients with schizophrenia have been conducted up to date, except for some old semi-anecdotal studies mainly performed in the time-span '50s-'60s. Notably, these studies reported interesting findings, particularly on the improvement of negative symptoms and social cognition. With no doubts the lack of modern clinical studies is due to the psychomimetic properties of psychedelics, a noteworthy downside that could worsen positive symptoms. However, a rapidly increasing body of evidence has suggested that the mechanisms of action of such compounds partially overlaps with the pathogenic underpinnings of schizophrenia but in an opposite way. These findings suggest that, despite being a controversial issue, the use of psychedelics in the treatment of schizophrenia would be based on a strong biological rationale. Therefore, the aim of our perspective paper is to provide a background on the old experiments with psychedelics performed on patients with schizophrenia, interpreting them in the light of recent molecular findings on their ability to induce neuroplasticity and modulate connectivity, the immune and TAARs systems, neurotransmitters, and neurotropic factors. No systematic approach was adopted in reviewing the evidence given the difficulty to retrieve and interpret old findings. Interestingly, we identified a therapeutic potential of psychedelics in schizophrenia adopting a critical point of view, particularly on negative symptoms and social cognition, and we summarized all the relevant findings. We also identified an eligible subpopulation of chronic patients predominantly burdened by negative symptoms, outlining possible therapeutic strategies which encompass very low doses of psychedelics (microdosing), carefully considering safety and feasibility, to pave the way to future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sapienza
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Humanities and Life Sciences, University School for Advanced Studies IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Comai
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Danilo De Gregorio
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bosia
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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8
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Clarin JD, Bouras NN, Gao WJ. Genetic Diversity in Schizophrenia: Developmental Implications of Ultra-Rare, Protein-Truncating Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1214. [PMID: 39336805 PMCID: PMC11431303 DOI: 10.3390/genes15091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of schizophrenia (SZ) remains elusive despite its characterization as a highly heritable disorder. This incomplete understanding has led to stagnation in therapeutics and treatment, leaving many suffering with insufficient relief from symptoms. However, recent large-cohort genome- and exome-wide association studies have provided insights into the underlying genetic machinery. The scale of these studies allows for the identification of ultra-rare mutations that confer substantial disease risk, guiding clinicians and researchers toward general classes of genes that are central to SZ etiology. One such large-scale collaboration effort by the Schizophrenia Exome Sequencing Meta-Analysis consortium identified ten, high-risk, ultra-rare, protein-truncating variants, providing the clearest picture to date of the dysfunctional gene products that substantially increase risk for SZ. While genetic studies of SZ provide valuable information regarding "what" genes are linked with the disorder, it is an open question as to "when" during brain development these genetic mutations impose deleterious effects. To shed light on this unresolved aspect of SZ etiology, we queried the BrainSpan developmental mRNA expression database for these ten high-risk genes and discovered three general expression trajectories throughout pre- and postnatal brain development. The elusiveness of SZ etiology, we infer, is not only borne out of the genetic heterogeneity across clinical cases, but also in our incomplete understanding of how genetic mutations perturb neurodevelopment during multiple critical periods. We contextualize this notion within the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria framework and emphasize the utility of considering both genetic variables and developmental context in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Clarin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Nadia N Bouras
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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9
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Lim MJH, Iyyalol R, Lee JWY, Martin-Iverson MT. Multi-modal and bi-directional effects of a synthetic Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) analogue, Nabilone, on spatio-temporal binding windows: Evidence from the projected hand illusion. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309614. [PMID: 39250476 PMCID: PMC11383222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormally widened spatial and temporal binding windows (SBW/TBWs; length of space/time whereby stimuli are considered part of the same percept) are observed in schizophrenia. TBW alterations have been associated with altered sense of agency (hereafter referred to as agency), and an associative relationship between embodiment (body ownership) and agency has been proposed. SBWs/TBWs are investigated separately, but no evidence exists of these being separate in mechanism, system or function. The underlying neural substrate of schizophrenia remains unclear. The literature claims either pro-psychotic or anti-psychotic effects of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in patients and healthy individuals, but major support for cannabis in the aetiology of schizophrenia is associative, not causal. To clarify if THC is pro- or anti-psychotic, this single-blind, placebo-controlled within-subjects cross-over study tested several hypotheses. 1) Competing hypotheses that a synthetic THC analogue, Nabilone (NAB, 1-2 mg), would alter measures of agency and embodiment in healthy volunteers (n = 32) similarly, or opposite, to that of in patients with schizophrenia. 2) That there would be significant associations between any NAB-induced alterations in individual agency and embodiment measures in the Projected Hand Illusion (PHI). 3) That there is a unitary spatio-temporal binding window (STBW). A large proportion of individuals did not experience the PHI. Multimodal and bi-directional effects of NAB on the PHI were observed. Evidence of a unitary spatio-temporal binding window (STBW) was observed. NAB widened the STBW in some but narrowed it in others as a function of space and delay. No associations were found between agency and embodiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J H Lim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rajan Iyyalol
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joseph W Y Lee
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mathew T Martin-Iverson
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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10
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Sullivan PF, Yao S, Hjerling-Leffler J. Schizophrenia genomics: genetic complexity and functional insights. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:611-624. [PMID: 39030273 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Determining the causes of schizophrenia has been a notoriously intractable problem, resistant to a multitude of investigative approaches over centuries. In recent decades, genomic studies have delivered hundreds of robust findings that implicate nearly 300 common genetic variants (via genome-wide association studies) and more than 20 rare variants (via whole-exome sequencing and copy number variant studies) as risk factors for schizophrenia. In parallel, functional genomic and neurobiological studies have provided exceptionally detailed information about the cellular composition of the brain and its interconnections in neurotypical individuals and, increasingly, in those with schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest unexpected complexity in the mechanisms that drive schizophrenia, pointing to the involvement of ensembles of genes (polygenicity) rather than single-gene causation. In this Review, we describe what we now know about the genetics of schizophrenia and consider the neurobiological implications of this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Ohki T, Chao ZC, Takei Y, Kato Y, Sunaga M, Suto T, Tagawa M, Fukuda M. Multivariate sharp-wave ripples in schizophrenia during awake state. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:507-516. [PMID: 38923051 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Schizophrenia (SZ) is a brain disorder characterized by psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. Recently, irregularities in sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs) have been reported in SZ. As SPW-Rs play a critical role in memory, their irregularities can cause psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in patients with SZ. In this study, we investigated the SPW-Rs in human SZ. METHODS We measured whole-brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with SZ (n = 20) and sex- and age-matched healthy participants (n = 20) during open-eye rest. We identified SPW-Rs and analyzed their occurrence and time-frequency traits. Furthermore, we developed a novel multivariate analysis method, termed "ripple-gedMEG" to extract the global features of SPW-Rs. We also examined the association between SPW-Rs and brain state transitions. The outcomes of these analyses were modeled to predict the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores of SZ. RESULTS We found that SPW-Rs in the SZ (1) occurred more frequently, (2) the delay of the coupling phase (3) appeared in different brain areas, (4) consisted of a less organized spatiotemporal pattern, and (5) were less involved in brain state transitions. Finally, some of the neural features associated with the SPW-Rs were found to be PANSS-positive, a pathological indicator of SZ. These results suggest that widespread but disorganized SPW-Rs underlies the symptoms of SZ. CONCLUSION We identified irregularities in SPW-Rs in SZ and confirmed that their alternations were strongly associated with SZ neuropathology. These results suggest a new direction for human SZ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Ohki
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Zenas C Chao
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takei
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kato
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Tsutsuji Mental Hospital, Tatebayashi, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sunaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Suto
- Gunma Prefectural Psychiatric Medical Center, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Minami Tagawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Gunma Prefectural Psychiatric Medical Center, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Masato Fukuda
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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12
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Dwyer GE, Johnsen E, Hugdahl K. NMDAR dysfunction and the regulation of dopaminergic transmission in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:19-27. [PMID: 39002526 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence implicates dysfunction in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This article illustrates how NMDAR dysfunction may give rise to many of the neurobiological phenomena frequently associated with schizophrenia with a particular focus on how NMDAR dysfunction affects the thalamic reticular nucleus (nRT) and pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). Furthermore, this article presents a model for schizophrenia illustrating how dysfunction in the nRT may interrupt prefrontal regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and how dysfunction in the PPTg may drive increased, irregular burst firing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Eric Dwyer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Erik Johnsen
- NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Kreis I, Lagerberg TV, Wold KF, Åsbø G, Simonsen C, Flaaten CB, Engen MJ, Lyngstad SH, Widing LH, Ueland T, Melle I. Behind the heterogeneity in the long-term course of first-episode psychosis: Different psychotic symptom trajectories are associated with different patterns of cannabis and stimulant use. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:91-99. [PMID: 39018985 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data-driven classification of long-term psychotic symptom trajectories and identification of associated risk factors could assist treatment planning and improve long-term outcomes in psychosis. However, few studies have used this approach, and knowledge about underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we identify long-term psychotic symptom trajectories and investigate the role of illness-concurrent cannabis and stimulant use. METHODS 192 participants with first-episode psychosis were followed up after 10 years. Psychotic symptom trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling and tested for associations with baseline characteristics and cannabis and stimulant use during the follow-up (FU) period. RESULTS Four trajectories emerged: (1) Stable Psychotic Remission (54.2 %), (2) Delayed Psychotic Remission (15.6 %), (3) Psychotic Relapse (7.8 %), (4) Persistent Psychotic Symptoms (22.4 %). At baseline, all unfavorable trajectories (2-4) were characterized by more schizophrenia diagnoses, higher symptom severity, and longer duration of untreated psychosis. Compared to the Stable Psychotic Remission trajectory, unstable trajectories (2,3) showed distinct associations with cannabis/stimulant use during the FU-period, with dose-dependent effects for cannabis but not stimulants (Delayed Psychotic Remission: higher rates of frequent cannabis and stimulant use during the first 5 FU-years; Psychotic Relapse: higher rates of sporadic stimulant use throughout the entire FU-period). The Persistent Psychosis trajectory was less clearly linked to substance use during the FU-period. CONCLUSIONS The risk for an adverse long-term course could be mitigated by treatment of substance use, where particular attention should be devoted to preventing the use of stimulants while the use reduction of cannabis may already yield positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Kreis
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Fjelnseth Wold
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Clinical Psychosis Research, Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gina Åsbø
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Clinical Psychosis Research, Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carmen Simonsen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for South East Norway, Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Bärthel Flaaten
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Drammen District Psychiatric Center, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Magnus Johan Engen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Nydalen District Psychiatric Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Hege Lyngstad
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Nydalen District Psychiatric Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Hustad Widing
- Section for Clinical Psychosis Research, Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Substance Use, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Clinical Psychosis Research, Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section for Clinical Psychosis Research, Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Slifstein M, Qu W, Gil R, Weinstein JJ, Perlman G, Jaworski-Calara T, Meng J, Hu B, Moeller SJ, Horga G, Abi-Dargham A. Kappa opioid receptor availability predicts severity of anhedonia in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01975-3. [PMID: 39217267 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) and its endogenous agonist dynorphin have been implicated in multiple psychiatric conditions including psychotic disorders. We tested the hypotheses that kappa expression is elevated and associated with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. We measured kappa expression in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (7 female, 6 male) and matched controls (7 female, 6 male) with positron emission tomography (PET). We also acquired a measurement of cumulative dopamine activity over the life span in the same subjects using neuromelanin sensitive MRI. We hypothesized that neuromelanin accumulation would be higher in patients than controls and that in patients there would be a positive association between KOR availability and neuromelanin accumulation. Fourteen patients and thirteen controls were enrolled. Whole brain dynamic PET imaging data using the KOR selective tracer [18F]LY245998 were acquired. Distribution volume (VT) was measured with region of interest analysis in 14 brain regions. Neuromelanin accumulation in midbrain dopaminergic nuclei was assessed in the same subjects. Positive and negative symptoms were measured by a clinical psychologist. We did not observe group level differences in KOR expression, neuromelanin accumulation or relationships of these to positive symptoms. Unexpectedly, we did observe strong positive associations between KOR expression and symptoms of anhedonia in the patients (Pearson r > 0.7, uncorrected p < 0.01 in 8 cortical brain regions). We also observed moderate associations between KOR expression and neuromelanin levels in patients. In conclusion, we did not observe a relationship between kappa and symptoms of psychosis but the observed relationship to the negative symptom of anhedonia is in line with recent work testing kappa antagonism as a therapy for anhedonia in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Slifstein
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Roberto Gil
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jodi J Weinstein
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Greg Perlman
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Jiayan Meng
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Bao Hu
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Scott J Moeller
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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15
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Zhang L, Wang W, Ruan Y, Li Z, Yanjun, Ji GJ, Tian Y, Wang K. Hyperactivity and altered functional connectivity of the ventral striatum in schizophrenia compared with bipolar disorder: A resting state fMRI study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 345:111881. [PMID: 39278197 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia patients frequently present with structural and functional abnormalities of the ventral striatum (VS). METHODS we examined basal activation state and functional connectivity (FC) in four subregions of the bilateral ventral striatum: left inferior ventral striatum (VSi_L), left superior ventral striatum(VSs_L), right inferior ventral striatum(VSi_R), and right superior ventral striatum(VSs_R). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from 62 schizophrenia patients (SCH), 57 bipolar disorder (BD) patients, and 26 healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS The schizophrenia group exhibited greater fALFF in bilateral VS subregions compared to BD and HC groups as well as greater FC between the bilateral VSi and multiple brain regions, including the thalamus, putamen, posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), frontal cortex and caudate. Moreover, the fALFF values of the bilateral ventral striatum were positively correlated with the severity of positive symptoms. We also found the functional connectivity between the bilateral inferior ventral striatum and some brain regions aforementioned were positively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings confirm a crucial contribution of ventral striatum dysfunction, especially of the bilateral VSi in schizophrenia. Functionally dissociated regions of the ventral striatum are differentially disturbed in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Wenli Wang
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yanjun
- Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, China; School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gong-Jun Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei 230022, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei 230022, China.
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16
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Cattarinussi G, Grimaldi DA, Aarabi MH, Sambataro F. Static and Dynamic Dysconnectivity in Early Psychosis: Relationship With Symptom Dimensions. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae142. [PMID: 39212653 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Altered functional connectivity (FC) has been frequently reported in psychosis. Studying FC and its time-varying patterns in early-stage psychosis allows the investigation of the neural mechanisms of this disorder without the confounding effects of drug treatment or illness-related factors. STUDY DESIGN We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore FC in individuals with early psychosis (EP), who also underwent clinical and neuropsychological assessments. 96 EP and 56 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis database were included. Multivariate analyses using spatial group independent component analysis were used to compute static FC and dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC). Partial correlations between FC measures and clinical and cognitive variables were performed to test brain-behavior associations. STUDY RESULTS Compared to HC, EP showed higher static FC in the striatum and temporal, frontal, and parietal cortex, as well as lower FC in the frontal, parietal, and occipital gyrus. We found a negative correlation in EP between cognitive function and FC in the right striatum FC (pFWE = 0.009). All dFNC parameters, including dynamism and fluidity measures, were altered in EP, and positive symptoms were negatively correlated with the meta-state changes and the total distance (pFWE = 0.040 and pFWE = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the view that psychosis is characterized from the early stages by complex alterations in intrinsic static and dynamic FC, that may ultimately result in positive symptoms and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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17
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Katagiri N, Tagata H, Uchino T, Arai Y, Saito J, Kamiya K, Hori M, Mizuno M, Nemoto T. Investigating changes in the premotor cortex-derived frontal-striatal-thalamic subcircuit in attenuated psychosis syndrome. Brain Imaging Behav 2024:10.1007/s11682-024-00906-6. [PMID: 39196522 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-024-00906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit impairment is presumed to underlie schizophrenia. Individuals with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) show longitudinal volume reduction of the putamen in the striatum, which has a neural connection with the premotor cortex through the frontal-striatal-thalamic subcircuit. However, comprehensive investigations into the biological changes in the frontal-striatal-thalamic subcircuit originating from the premotor cortex in APS are lacking. We investigated differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) values between the striatum and premotor cortex (ST-PREM) and between the thalamus and premotor cortex (T-PREM) in individuals with APS and healthy controls, using a novel method TractSeg. Our study comprised 36 individuals with APS and 38 healthy controls. There was a significant difference between the control and APS groups in the right T-PREM (odds ratio = 1.76, p = 0.02). Other factors, such as age, sex, other values of FA, and antipsychotic medication, were not associated with differences between groups. However, while FA value reduction of ST-PREM and T-PREM in schizophrenia has been previously reported, in the present study on APS, the alteration of the FA value was limited to T-PREM in APS. This finding suggests that ST-PREM impairment is not predominant in APS but emerges in schizophrenia. Impairment of the neural network originating from the premotor cortex can lead to catatonia and aberrant mirror neuron networks that are presumed to provoke various psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia. Our findings highlight the potential role of changes in a segment of the frontal-thalamic pathway derived from the premotor cortex as a biological basis of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Tagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Takashi Uchino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Implementation Science, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Yu Arai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Junichi Saito
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kamiya
- Department of Radiology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, 2-1-1 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Implementation Science, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
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18
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Bianciardi B, Mastek H, Franka M, Uhlhaas PJ. Effects of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists on Gamma-Band Activity During Auditory Stimulation Compared With Electro/Magneto-encephalographic Data in Schizophrenia and Early-Stage Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Perspective. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:1104-1116. [PMID: 38934800 PMCID: PMC11349021 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) hypofunctioning has been hypothesized to be involved in circuit dysfunctions in schizophrenia (ScZ). Yet, it remains to be determined whether the physiological changes observed following NMDA-R antagonist administration are consistent with auditory gamma-band activity in ScZ which is dependent on NMDA-R activity. STUDY DESIGN This systematic review investigated the effects of NMDA-R antagonists on auditory gamma-band activity in preclinical (n = 15) and human (n = 3) studies and compared these data to electro/magneto-encephalographic measurements in ScZ patients (n = 37) and 9 studies in early-stage psychosis. The following gamma-band parameters were examined: (1) evoked spectral power, (2) intertrial phase coherence (ITPC), (3) induced spectral power, and (4) baseline power. STUDY RESULTS Animal and human pharmacological data reported a reduction, especially for evoked gamma-band power and ITPC, as well as an increase and biphasic effects of gamma-band activity following NMDA-R antagonist administration. In addition, NMDA-R antagonists increased baseline gamma-band activity in preclinical studies. Reductions in ITPC and evoked gamma-band power were broadly compatible with findings observed in ScZ and early-stage psychosis patients where the majority of studies observed decreased gamma-band spectral power and ITPC. In regard to baseline gamma-band power, there were inconsistent findings. Finally, a publication bias was observed in studies investigating auditory gamma-band activity in ScZ patients. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review indicates that NMDA-R antagonists may partially recreate reductions in gamma-band spectral power and ITPC during auditory stimulation in ScZ. These findings are discussed in the context of current theories involving alteration in E/I balance and the role of NMDA hypofunction in the pathophysiology of ScZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianciardi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helena Mastek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Franka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Martinez MX, Alizo Vera V, Ruiz CM, Floresco SB, Mahler SV. Adolescent THC impacts on mPFC dopamine-mediated cognitive processes in male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06676-9. [PMID: 39190156 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adolescent cannabis use is linked to later-life changes in cognition, learning, and memory. Rodent experimental studies suggest Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) influences development of circuits underlying these processes, especially in the prefrontal cortex, which matures during adolescence. OBJECTIVE We determined how 14 daily THC injections (5 mg/kg) during adolescence persistently impacts medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine-dependent cognition. METHODS In adult Long Evans rats treated as adolescents with THC (AdoTHC), we quantify performance on two mPFC dopamine-dependent reward-based tasks-strategy set shifting and probabilistic discounting. We also determined how acute dopamine augmentation with amphetamine (0, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg), or specific chemogenetic stimulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons and their projections to mPFC impact probabilistic discounting. RESULTS AdoTHC sex-dependently impacts acquisition of cue-guided instrumental reward seeking, but has minimal effects on set-shifting or probabilistic discounting in either sex. When we challenged dopamine circuits acutely with amphetamine during probabilistic discounting, we found reduced discounting of improbable reward options, with AdoTHC rats being more sensitive to these effects than controls. In contrast, neither acute chemogenetic stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons nor pathway-specific chemogenetic stimulation of their projection to mPFC impacted probabilistic discounting in control rats, although stimulation of this cortical dopamine projection slightly disrupted choices in AdoTHC rats. CONCLUSIONS These studies confirm a marked specificity in the cognitive processes impacted by AdoTHC exposure. They also suggest that some persistent AdoTHC effects may alter amphetamine-induced cognitive changes in a manner independent of VTA dopamine neurons or their projections to mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela X Martinez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 1132 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Vanessa Alizo Vera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 1132 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christina M Ruiz
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 1132 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Stan B Floresco
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, 1132 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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20
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Wang L, Liu R, Liao J, Xiong X, Xia L, Wang W, Liu J, Zhao F, Zhuo L, Li H. Meta-analysis of structural and functional brain abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1465758. [PMID: 39247615 PMCID: PMC11377232 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1465758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have demonstrated significant abnormalities in brain structure and resting-state functional brain activity in patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS), compared with healthy controls (HCs), and these alterations were closely related to the pathogenesis of EOS. However, previous studies suffer from the limitations of small sample sizes and high heterogeneity of results. Therefore, the present study aimed to effectively integrate previous studies to identify common and specific brain functional and structural abnormalities in patients with EOS. Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang databases were systematically searched to identify publications on abnormalities in resting-state regional functional brain activity and gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with EOS. Then, we utilized the Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) software to conduct a whole-brain voxel meta-analysis of VBM and rs-fMRI studies, respectively, and followed by multimodal overlapping on this basis to comprehensively identify brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with EOS. Results A total of 27 original studies (28 datasets) were included in the present meta-analysis, including 12 studies (13 datasets) related to resting-state functional brain activity (496 EOS patients, 395 HCs) and 15 studies (15 datasets) related to GMV (458 EOS patients, 531 HCs). Overall, in the functional meta-analysis, patients with EOS showed significantly increased resting-state functional brain activity in the left middle frontal gyrus (extending to the triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus) and the right caudate nucleus. On the other hand, in the structural meta-analysis, patients with EOS showed significantly decreased GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus (extending to the right rolandic operculum), the right middle temporal gyrus, and the temporal pole (superior temporal gyrus). Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that some regions in the EOS exhibited significant structural or functional abnormalities, such as the temporal gyri, prefrontal cortex, and striatum. These findings may help deepen our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of EOS and provide potential biomarkers for the diagnosis or treatment of EOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Medical Imaging College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Medical Imaging College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Linfeng Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Fulin Zhao
- Medical Imaging College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lihua Zhuo
- Medical Imaging College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
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21
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Hirsch F, Bumanglag Â, Zhang Y, Wohlschlaeger A. Diverging functional connectivity timescales: Capturing distinct aspects of cognitive performance in early psychosis. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103657. [PMID: 39208481 PMCID: PMC11401179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) are marked by cognitive impairments, the neurobiological correlates of which remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the entropy of time-varying functional connectivity (TVFC) patterns from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) as potential biomarker for cognitive performance in PSDs. By combining our results with multimodal reference data, we hope to generate new insights into the mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in PSDs. We hypothesized that low-entropy TVFC patterns (LEN) would be more behaviorally informative than high-entropy TVFC patterns (HEN), especially for tasks that require extensive integration across diverse cognitive subdomains. METHODS rs-fMRI and behavioral data from 97 patients in the early phases of psychosis and 53 controls were analyzed. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were taken from a public repository (Hansen et al., 2022). Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine relationships between TVFC patterns at multiple spatial scales and cognitive performance in patients. RESULTS Compared to HEN, LEN explained significantly more cognitive variance on average in PSD patients, driven by superior encoding of information on psychometrically more integrated tasks. HEN better captured information in specific subdomains of executive functioning. Nodal HEN-LEN transitions were spatially aligned with neurobiological gradients reflecting monoaminergic transporter densities and MEG beta-power. Exploratory analyses revealed a close statistical relationship between LEN and positive symptom severity in patients. CONCLUSION Our entropy-based analysis of TVFC patterns dissociates distinct aspects of cognition in PSDs. By linking topographies of neurotransmission and oscillatory dynamics with cognitive performance, it enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in PSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hirsch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany.
| | - Ângelo Bumanglag
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Afra Wohlschlaeger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum R.d.Isar, Technical University Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
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22
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Liddle PF, Sami MB. The mechanisms of persisting disability in schizophrenia: imprecise predictive coding via cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical loop dysfunction. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01535-X. [PMID: 39181388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Persisting symptoms and disability remain a problem for an appreciable proportion of people with schizophrenia despite treatment with antipsychotic medication. Improving outcomes requires an understanding of the nature and mechanisms of the pathological processes underlying persistence. Classical features of schizophrenia, which include disorganization and impoverishment of mental activity, are well recognised early clinical features that predict poor long-term outcome. Substantial evidence indicates that these features reflect imprecise predictive coding. Predictive coding provides an over-arching framework for understanding efficient function of the nervous system. Imprecise predictive coding also has the potential to precipitate acute psychosis characterised by reality distortion (delusions and hallucinations) at times of stress. On the other hand, substantial evidence indicates that persistent reality distortion itself gives rise to poor occupational and social function in the long term. Furthermore, abuse of psychotomimetic drugs, which exacerbate reality distortion, contributes to poor long-term outcome in schizophrenia. Neural circuits involved in modulating volitional acts are well understood to be implicated in addiction. Plastic changes in these circuits may account for the association between psychotomimetic drug abuse and poor outcomes in schizophrenia. We propose a mechanistic model according to which unbalanced inputs to the corpus striatum disturb the precision of sub-cortical modulation of cortical activity supporting volitional action. This model accounts for the evidence that early classical symptoms predict poor outcome, while in some circumstances, persistent reality distortion also predicts poor outcome. This model has implications for the development of novel treatments that address the risk of persisting symptoms and disabilities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Liddle
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Rd, Nottingham, NG7 2TU.
| | - Musa B Sami
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Rd, Nottingham, NG7 2TU
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23
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Ponserre M, Ionescu TM, Franz AA, Deiana S, Schuelert N, Lamla T, Williams RH, Wotjak CT, Hobson S, Dine J, Omrani A. Long-term adaptation of prefrontal circuits in a mouse model of NMDAR hypofunction. Neuropharmacology 2024; 254:109970. [PMID: 38685343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological approaches to induce N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction have been intensively used to understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Yet, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms that relate to brain network dysfunction remain largely unknown. Here, we used a set of complementary approaches to assess the functional network abnormalities present in male mice that underwent a 7-day subchronic phencyclidine (PCP 10 mg/kg, subcutaneously, once daily) treatment. Our data revealed that pharmacological intervention with PCP affected cognitive performance and auditory evoked gamma oscillations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mimicking endophenotypes of some schizophrenia patients. We further assessed PFC cellular function and identified altered neuronal intrinsic membrane properties, reduced parvalbumin (PV) immunostaining and diminished inhibition onto L5 PFC pyramidal cells. A decrease in the strength of optogenetically-evoked glutamatergic current at the ventral hippocampus to PFC synapse was also demonstrated, along with a weaker shunt of excitatory transmission by local PFC interneurons. On a macrocircuit level, functional ultrasound measurements indicated compromised functional connectivity within several brain regions particularly involving PFC and frontostriatal circuits. Herein, we reproduced a panel of schizophrenia endophenotypes induced by subchronic PCP application in mice. We further recapitulated electrophysiological signatures associated with schizophrenia and provided an anatomical reference to critical elements in the brain circuitry. Together, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the physiological underpinnings of deficits induced by subchronic NMDAR antagonist regimes and provide a test system for characterization of pharmacological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Ponserre
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tudor M Ionescu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Alessa A Franz
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Serena Deiana
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Carsten T Wotjak
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Scott Hobson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Julien Dine
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Azar Omrani
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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24
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Spiliotis K, Appali R, Fontes Gomes AK, Payonk JP, Adrian S, van Rienen U, Starke J, Köhling R. Utilising activity patterns of a complex biophysical network model to optimise intra-striatal deep brain stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18919. [PMID: 39143173 PMCID: PMC11324959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A large-scale biophysical network model for the isolated striatal body is developed to optimise potential intrastriatal deep brain stimulation applied to, e.g. obsessive-compulsive disorder. The model is based on modified Hodgkin-Huxley equations with small-world connectivity, while the spatial information about the positions of the neurons is taken from a detailed human atlas. The model produces neuronal spatiotemporal activity patterns segregating healthy from pathological conditions. Three biomarkers were used for the optimisation of stimulation protocols regarding stimulation frequency, amplitude and localisation: the mean activity of the entire network, the frequency spectrum of the entire network (rhythmicity) and a combination of the above two. By minimising the deviation of the aforementioned biomarkers from the normal state, we compute the optimal deep brain stimulation parameters, regarding position, amplitude and frequency. Our results suggest that in the DBS optimisation process, there is a clear trade-off between frequency synchronisation and overall network activity, which has also been observed during in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spiliotis
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Informatics (ISCE), Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece.
| | - Revathi Appali
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Jan Philipp Payonk
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simon Adrian
- Faculty of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ursula van Rienen
- Institute of General Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Starke
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Ageing of Individuals and Society, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Oscar-Langendorff-Institute of Physiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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25
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Martinez MX, Alizo Vera V, Ruiz CM, Floresco SB, Mahler SV. Adolescent THC impacts on mPFC dopamine-mediated cognitive processes in male and female rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.588937. [PMID: 38826339 PMCID: PMC11142049 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.588937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Adolescent cannabis use is linked to later-life changes in cognition, learning, and memory. Rodent experimental studies suggest Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) influences development of circuits underlying these processes, especially in the prefrontal cortex, which matures during adolescence. Objective We determined how 14 daily THC injections (5mg/kg) during adolescence persistently impacts medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dopamine-dependent cognition. Methods In adult Long Evans rats treated as adolescents with THC (AdoTHC), we quantify performance on two mPFC dopamine-dependent reward-based tasks-strategy set shifting and probabilistic discounting. We also determined how acute dopamine augmentation with amphetamine (0, 0.25, 0.5 mg/kg), or specific chemogenetic stimulation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons and their projections to mPFC impacts probabilistic discounting. Results AdoTHC sex-dependently impacts acquisition of cue-guided instrumental reward seeking, but has minimal effects on set-shifting or probabilistic discounting in either sex. When we challenged dopamine circuits acutely with amphetamine during probabilistic discounting, we found reduced discounting of improbable reward options, with AdoTHC rats being more sensitive to these effects than controls. In contrast, neither acute chemogenetic stimulation of VTA dopamine neurons nor pathway-specific chemogenetic stimulation of their projection to mPFC impacted probabilistic discounting in control rats, although stimulation of this cortical dopamine projection slightly disrupted choices in AdoTHC rats. Conclusions These studies confirm a marked specificity in the cognitive processes impacted by AdoTHC exposure. They also suggest that some persistent AdoTHC effects may alter amphetamine-induced cognitive changes in a manner independent of VTA dopamine neurons or their projections to mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricela X. Martinez
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine. 2221 McGaugh Hall. Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Vanessa Alizo Vera
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine. 2221 McGaugh Hall. Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Christina M. Ruiz
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine. 2221 McGaugh Hall. Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Stan B. Floresco
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stephen V. Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine. 2221 McGaugh Hall. Irvine, CA 92697
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26
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Weidenauer A, Sauerzopf U, Bauer M, Bum C, Diendorfer C, Dajic I, Bartova L, Kastner A, Bamminger K, Nics L, Philippe C, Hacker M, Rujescu D, Wadsak W, Praschak-Rieder N, Willeit M. Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release Predicts 1-Year Outcome in First-Episode Psychosis: A Naturalistic Observation. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae111. [PMID: 39137162 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The dopamine theory of schizophrenia suggests that antipsychotics alleviate symptoms by blocking dopamine D2/3 receptors, yet a significant subset of patients does not respond adequately to treatment. To investigate potential predictors, we evaluated d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release and 1-year clinical outcomes in 21 antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-one antipsychotic-naive patients (6 female) underwent dopamine D2/3 receptor radioligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO positron emission tomography. For estimating dopamine release, scans were performed with and without d-amphetamine pretreatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was performed at regular intervals over 1 year while receiving treatment in a naturalistic setting (Clinical Trial Registry: EUDRACT 2010-019586-29). STUDY RESULTS A group analysis revealed no significant differences in d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release between patients with or without clinically significant improvement. However, d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release in ventral striatum was significantly associated with reductions in positive symptoms (r = 0.54, P = .04; uncorrected P-values); release in globus pallidus correlated with a decrease in PANSS negative (r = 0.58, P = .02), general (r = 0.53, P = .04), and total symptom scores (r = 0.063, P = .01). Higher dopamine release in substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area predicted larger reductions in general symptoms (r = 0.51, P = .05). Post-amphetamine binding in putamen correlated positively with negative symptom scores at baseline (r = 0.66, P = .005) and throughout all follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory results support a relationship between d-amphetamine-induced dopamine release and the severity and persistence of symptoms during the first year of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Weidenauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Douglas Research Centre, Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ulrich Sauerzopf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Psychosocial Services in Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Bum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia Diendorfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Dajic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucie Bartova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Kastner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Bamminger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine CBmed, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Praschak-Rieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yanagi M, Hashimoto M. Dysfunctional Parvalbumin Neurons in Schizophrenia and the Pathway to the Clinical Application of Kv3 Channel Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8696. [PMID: 39201380 PMCID: PMC11354421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the pathophysiological changes observed in schizophrenia, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypothesis may facilitate the development of targeted treatments for this disease. This hypothesis, mainly derived from postmortem brain results, postulates dysfunctions in a subset of GABAergic neurons, particularly parvalbumin-containing interneurons. In the cerebral cortex, the fast spike firing of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons is regulated by the Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 channels, which belong to a potassium channel subfamily. Decreased Kv3.1 levels have been observed in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, prompting the investigation of Kv3 channel modulators for the treatment of schizophrenia. However, biomarkers that capture the dysfunction of parvalbumin neurons are required for these modulators to be effective in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography studies have demonstrated impairments in evoked gamma oscillations in patients with schizophrenia, which may reflect the dysfunction of cortical parvalbumin neurons. This review summarizes these topics and provides an overview of how the development of therapeutics that incorporate biomarkers could innovate the treatment of schizophrenia and potentially change the targets of pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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Tesfaye M, Spindola LM, Stavrum AK, Shadrin A, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. Sex effects on DNA methylation affect discovery in epigenome-wide association study of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2467-2477. [PMID: 38503926 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sex differences in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of schizophrenia are well-known; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. Further, the potential advantages of sex-stratified meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of schizophrenia have not been investigated. Here, we performed sex-stratified EWAS meta-analyses to investigate whether sex stratification improves discovery, and to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in schizophrenia. Peripheral blood-derived DNA methylation data from 1519 cases of schizophrenia (male n = 989, female n = 530) and 1723 controls (male n = 997, female n = 726) from three publicly available datasets, and the TOP cohort were meta-analyzed to compare sex-specific, sex-stratified, and sex-adjusted EWAS. The predictive power of each model was assessed by polymethylation score (PMS). The number of schizophrenia-associated differentially methylated positions identified was higher for the sex-stratified model than for the sex-adjusted one. We identified 20 schizophrenia-associated DMRs in the sex-stratified analysis. PMS from sex-stratified analysis outperformed that from sex-adjusted analysis in predicting schizophrenia. Notably, PMSs from the sex-stratified and female-only analyses, but not those from sex-adjusted or the male-only analyses, significantly predicted schizophrenia in males. The findings suggest that sex-stratified EWAS meta-analyses improve the identification of schizophrenia-associated epigenetic changes and highlight an interaction between sex and schizophrenia status on DNA methylation. Sex-specific DNA methylation may have potential implications for precision psychiatry and the development of stratified treatments for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Tesfaye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Leticia M Spindola
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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29
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Keller GB, Sterzer P. Predictive Processing: A Circuit Approach to Psychosis. Annu Rev Neurosci 2024; 47:85-101. [PMID: 38424472 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100223-121214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Predictive processing is a computational framework that aims to explain how the brain processes sensory information by making predictions about the environment and minimizing prediction errors. It can also be used to explain some of the key symptoms of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In recent years, substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the neuronal circuitry that underlies predictive processing in cortex. In this review, we summarize these findings and how they might relate to psychosis and to observed cell type-specific effects of antipsychotic drugs. We argue that quantifying the effects of antipsychotic drugs on specific neuronal circuit elements is a promising approach to understanding not only the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs but also psychosis. Finally, we outline some of the key experiments that should be done. The aims of this review are to provide an overview of the current circuit-based approaches to psychosis and to encourage further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg B Keller
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Bharadwaj R, Nath P, Phukan JK, Deb K, Gogoi V, Bhattacharyya DK, Barah P. Integrative ceRNA network analysis identifies unique and shared molecular signatures in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 176:47-57. [PMID: 38843579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder (BPD) and Schizophrenia (SCZ) are complex psychiatric disorders with shared symptomatology and genetic risk factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders is crucial for refining diagnostic criteria and guiding targeted treatments. In this study, publicly available RNA-seq data from post-mortem samples of the basal ganglia's striatum were analyzed using an integrative computational approach to identify differentially expressed (DE) transcripts associated with SCZ and BPD. The analysis aimed to reveal both shared and distinct genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and to construct competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks within the striatum. Furthermore, the functional implications of these identified transcripts are explored, alongside their presence in established databases such as BipEx and SCHEMA. A significant outcome of our analysis was the identification of 21 DEmRNAs and 1 DElncRNA shared between BPD and SCZ across the Caudate, Putamen, and Nucleus Accumbens. Another noteworthy finding was the identification of Hub nodes within the ceRNA networks that were linked to major psychosis. Particularly, MED19, HNRNPC, MAGED4B, KDM5A, GOLGA7, CHASERR, hsa-miR-4778-3p, hsa-miR-4739, and hsa-miR-4685-5p emerged as potential biomarkers. These findings shed light on the common and unique molecular signatures underlying BPD and SCZ, offering significant potential for the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies tailored to these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachayita Bharadwaj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Prangan Nath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Jadab Kishore Phukan
- Department of Biochemistry, Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), Sonitpur, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Kunal Deb
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), Sonitpur, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Vijay Gogoi
- Department of Psychiatry, Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi Regional Institute of Mental Health (LGBRIMH), Sonitpur, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India
| | - Dhruba Kumar Bhattacharyya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pankaj Barah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, 784028, Assam, India.
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31
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Hu W, Ran X, Wu Z, Zhu H, Kou Y, Zhang S, Yang G, Li W, Yang Y, Lv L, Zhang Y. Short-term antipsychotic treatment reduces functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode drug-naïve early-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:281-288. [PMID: 38944974 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The striatum is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology and antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Previous studies have revealed abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of the striatum in early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. However, no prior studies have examined post-treatment changes of striatal FC in EOS patients. METHODS We recruited 49 first-episode drug-naïve EOS patients to have resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics, along with baseline scanning of 34 healthy controls (HCs) for comparison purposes. We examined the FC values between each seed in striatal subregion and the rest of the brain. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to measure psychiatric symptoms in patients. RESULTS Compared with HCs at baseline, EOS patients exhibited weaker FC of striatal subregions with several brain regions of the salience network and default mode network. Meanwhile, FC between the dorsal caudal putamen (DCP) and left supplementary motor area, as well as between the DCP and right postcentral gyrus, was negatively correlated with PANSS negative scores. Furthermore, after 8 weeks of treatment, EOS patients showed decreased FC between subregions of the putamen and the triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule. CONCLUSIONS Decreased striatal FC is evident, even in the early stages of schizophrenia, and enhance our understanding of the neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia. The findings also demonstrate that reduced striatal FC occurs after antipsychotic therapy, indicating that antipsychotic effects need to be accounted for when considering striatal FC abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Xiangying Ran
- School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Hanyu Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Yanna Kou
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453002, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang 453002, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang 453002, China.
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32
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He H, Long J, Song X, Li Q, Niu L, Peng L, Wei X, Zhang R. A connectome-wide association study of altered functional connectivity in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:202-211. [PMID: 38924938 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity is a neuropathological feature of schizophrenia (SCZ). Prior investigations into functional connectivity abnormalities have primarily employed seed-based connectivity analysis, necessitating predefined seed locations. To address this limitation, a data-driven multivariate method known as connectome-wide association study (CWAS) has been proposed for exploring whole-brain functional connectivity. METHODS We conducted a CWAS analysis involving 46 patients with SCZ and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR) was utilized to identify key nodes in the brain. Subsequently, we conducted a follow-up seed-based connectivity analysis to elucidate specific connectivity patterns between regions of interest (ROIs). Additionally, we explored the spatial correlation between changes in functional connectivity and underlying molecular architectures by examining correlations between neurotransmitter/transporter distribution densities and functional connectivity. RESULTS MDMR revealed the right medial frontal gyrus and the left calcarine sulcus as two key nodes. Follow-up analysis unveiled hypoconnectivity between the right medial frontal superior gyrus and the right fusiform gyrus, as well as hypoconnectivity between the left calcarine sulcus and the right lingual gyrus in SCZ. Notably, a significant association between functional connectivity strength and positive symptom severity was identified. Furthermore, altered functional connectivity patterns suggested potential dysfunctions in the dopamine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid systems. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated reduced functional connectivity both within and between the medial frontal regions and the occipital cortex in patients with SCZ. Moreover, it indicated potential alterations in molecular architecture, thereby expanding current knowledge regarding neurobiological changes associated with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei He
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixin Long
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Song
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Li
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Niu
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Peng
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Cognitive Control and Brain Healthy Laboratory, Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PRC, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for PsychiatricDisorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, PR China.
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33
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Lazaridis I, Crittenden JR, Ahn G, Hirokane K, Yoshida T, Wickersham IR, Mahar A, Skara V, Loftus JH, Parvataneni K, Meletis K, Ting JT, Hueske E, Matsushima A, Graybiel AM. Striosomes Target Nigral Dopamine-Containing Neurons via Direct-D1 and Indirect-D2 Pathways Paralleling Classic Direct-Indirect Basal Ganglia Systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596922. [PMID: 38915684 PMCID: PMC11195572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Balanced activity of canonical direct D1 and indirect D2 basal ganglia pathways is considered a core requirement for normal movement, and their imbalance is an etiologic factor in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. We present evidence for a conceptually equivalent pair of direct-D1 and indirect-D2 pathways that arise from striatal projection neurons (SPNs) of the striosome compartment rather than from SPNs of the matrix, as do the canonical pathways. These S-D1 and S-D2 striosomal pathways target substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons instead of basal ganglia motor output nuclei. They modulate movement oppositely to the modulation by the canonical pathways: S-D1 is inhibitory and S-D2 is excitatory. The S-D1 and S-D2 circuits likely influence motivation for learning and action, complementing and reorienting canonical pathway modulation. A major conceptual reformulation of the classic direct-indirect pathway model of basal ganglia function is needed, as well as reconsideration of the effects of D2-targeting therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Lazaridis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Jill R. Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Gun Ahn
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Kojiro Hirokane
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ian R. Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ara Mahar
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | | | - Johnny H. Loftus
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Krishna Parvataneni
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | | | - Jonathan T. Ting
- Human Cell Types Dept, Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily Hueske
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ayano Matsushima
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ann M. Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
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34
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Wang L, Hu Y, Jiang N, Yetisen AK. Biosensors for psychiatric biomarkers in mental health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 256:116242. [PMID: 38631133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are associated with serve disturbances in cognition, emotional control, and/or behavior regulation, yet few routine clinical tools are available for the real-time evaluation and early-stage diagnosis of mental health. Abnormal levels of relevant biomarkers may imply biological, neurological, and developmental dysfunctions of psychiatric patients. Exploring biosensors that can provide rapid, in-situ, and real-time monitoring of psychiatric biomarkers is therefore vital for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental disorders. Recently, psychiatric biosensors with high sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility have been widely developed, which are mainly based on electrochemical and optical sensing technologies. This review presented psychiatric disorders with high morbidity, disability, and mortality, followed by describing pathophysiology in a biomarker-implying manner. The latest biosensors developed for the detection of representative psychiatric biomarkers (e.g., cortisol, dopamine, and serotonin) were comprehensively summarized and compared in their sensitivities, sensing technologies, applicable biological platforms, and integrative readouts. These well-developed biosensors are promising for facilitating the clinical utility and commercialization of point-of-care diagnostics. It is anticipated that mental healthcare could be gradually improved in multiple perspectives, ranging from innovations in psychiatric biosensors in terms of biometric elements, transducing principles, and flexible readouts, to the construction of 'Big-Data' networks utilized for sharing intractable psychiatric indicators and cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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35
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Lim MJH, Loffman SJ, Gaus K, Slawik SV, Iyyalol R, Lee JWY, Hepple EK, Martin-Iverson MT. Bi-directional and multi-modal effects of dexamphetamine on spatial binding windows in healthy individuals. Hum Psychopharmacol 2024:e2909. [PMID: 38995719 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stimuli that are separated by a short window of space or time, known as spatial and temporal binding windows (SBW/TBWs), may be perceived as separate. Widened TBWs are evidenced in schizophrenia, although it is unclear if the SBW is similarly affected. The current study aimed to assess if dexamphetamine (DEX) may increase SBWs in a multimodal visuo-tactile illusion, potentially validating usefulness as an experimental model for multimodal visuo-tactile hallucinations in schizophrenia, and to examine a possible association between altered binding windows (BWs) and working memory (WM) suggested by previous research. METHODS A placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and counter-balanced crossover design was employed. Permuted block randomisation was used for drug order. Healthy participants received DEX (0.45 mg/kg, PO, b.i.d.) or placebo (glucose powder) in capsules. The Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Spatial Span was employed to determine whether DEX would alter SBWs and WM, respectively. Schizotypy was assessed with a variety of psychological scales. RESULTS Most participants did not experience the RHI even under normal circumstances. Bi-directional and multimodal effects of DEX on individual SBWs and schizotypy were observed, but not on WM. CONCLUSIONS Bidirectional multimodal effects of DEX on the RHI and SBWs were observed in individuals, although not associated with alterations in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J H Lim
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sean J Loffman
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sophie V Slawik
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajan Iyyalol
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Graylands Hospital, The University of Western Australia (M708), Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joseph W Y Lee
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily K Hepple
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mathew T Martin-Iverson
- Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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36
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Qu H, Zhao S, Li Z, Wu J, Murai T, Li Q, Wu Y, Zhang Z. Investigating the impact of schizophrenia traits on attention: the role of the theta band in a modified Posner cueing paradigm. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae274. [PMID: 38976973 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Joint attention is an indispensable tool for daily communication. Abnormalities in joint attention may be a key reason underlying social impairment in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In this study, we aimed to explore the attentional orientation mechanism related to schizotypal traits in a social situation. Here, we employed a Posner cueing paradigm with social attentional cues. Subjects needed to detect the location of a target that is cued by gaze and head orientation. The power in the theta frequency band was used to examine the attentional process in the schizophrenia spectrum. There were four main findings. First, a significant association was found between schizotypal traits and attention orientation in response to invalid gaze cues. Second, individuals with schizotypal traits exhibited significant activation of neural oscillations and synchrony in the theta band, which correlated with their schizotypal tendencies. Third, neural oscillations and synchrony demonstrated a synergistic effect during social tasks, particularly when processing gaze cues. Finally, the relationship between schizotypal traits and attention orientation was mediated by neural oscillations and synchrony in the theta frequency band. These findings deepen our understanding of the impact of theta activity in schizotypal traits on joint attention and offer new insights for future intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zimo Li
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Qi Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7186 Satellite Road (South), Chaoyang District, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Ranke D, Lee I, Gershanok SA, Jo S, Trotto E, Wang Y, Balakrishnan G, Cohen-Karni T. Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Advancing Neural Interfaces: Recording, Stimulation, and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1803-1814. [PMID: 38859612 PMCID: PMC11223263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusNeurotechnology has seen dramatic improvements in the last three decades. The major focus in the field has been to design electrical communication platforms with high spatial resolution, stability, and translatability for understanding and affecting neural pathways. The deployment of nanomaterials in bioelectronics has enhanced the capabilities of conventional approaches employing microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for electrical interfaces, allowing the construction of miniaturized, high-performance neuroelectronics (Garg, R.; et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2023, 6, 8495). While these advancements in the electrical neuronal interface have revolutionized neurotechnology both in scale and breadth, an in-depth understanding of neurons' interactions is challenging due to the complexity of the environments where the cells and tissues are laid. The activity of large, three-dimensional neuronal systems has proven difficult to accurately monitor and modulate, and chemical cell-cell communication is often completely neglected. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have provided opportunities to use new nonelectric modes of communication with neurons and to significantly enhance electrical signal interface capabilities. The enhanced electrochemical activity and optical activity of nanomaterials owing to their nonbulk electronic properties and surface nanostructuring have seen extensive utilization. Nanomaterials' enhanced optical activity enables remote neural state modulation, whereas the defect-rich surfaces provide an enormous number of available electrocatalytic sites for neurochemical detection and electrochemical modulation of cell microenvironments through Faradaic processes. Such unique properties can allow multimodal neural interrogation toward generating closed-loop interfaces with access to more complete neural state descriptors. In this Account, we will review recent advances and our efforts spearheaded toward utilizing nanostructured electrodes for enhanced bidirectional interfaces with neurons, the application of unique hybrid nanomaterials for remote nongenetic optical stimulation of neurons, tunable nanomaterials for highly sensitive and selective neurotransmitter detection, and the utilization of nanomaterials as electrocatalysts toward electrochemically modulating cellular activity. We highlight applications of these technologies across cell types through nanomaterial engineering with a focus on multifunctional graphene nanostructures applied though several modes of neural modulation but also an exploration of broad material classes for maximizing the potency of closed-loop bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ranke
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Inkyu Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Samuel A. Gershanok
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Seonghan Jo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Emily Trotto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Yingqiao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
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Smith E, Michalski S, Knauth K, Tuzsus D, Theis H, van Eimeren T, Peters J. Pharmacological Enhancement of Dopamine Neurotransmission Does Not Affect Illusory Pattern Perception. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0465-23.2024. [PMID: 38997143 PMCID: PMC11270156 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0465-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms and delusional beliefs have been linked to dopamine transmission in both healthy and clinical samples and are assumed to result at least in part from perceiving illusory patterns in noise. However, the existing literature on the role of dopamine in detecting patterns in noise is inconclusive. To address this issue, we assessed the effect of manipulating dopaminergic neurotransmission on illusory pattern perception in healthy individuals (n = 48, n = 19 female) in a double-blind placebo-controlled within-subjects design (see preregistration at https://osf.io/a4k9j/). We predicted individuals on versus off ʟ-DOPA to be more likely to perceive illusory patterns, specifically objects in images containing only noise. Using a signal detection model, however, we found no credible evidence that ʟ-DOPA compared with placebo increased false alarm rates. Further, ʟ-DOPA did not reliably modulate measures of accuracy, discrimination sensitivity, and response bias. In all cases, Bayesian statistics revealed strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. The task design followed previous work on illusory pattern perception and comprised a limited number of items per condition. The results therefore need to be interpreted with caution, as power was limited. Future studies should address illusory pattern perception using more items and take into account potential dose-dependent effects and differential effects in healthy versus clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Smith
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50969, Germany
| | - Simon Michalski
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50969, Germany
| | - Kilian Knauth
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50969, Germany
| | - Deniz Tuzsus
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50969, Germany
| | - Hendrik Theis
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Peters
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne 50969, Germany
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Oliver D, Chesney E, Cullen AE, Davies C, Englund A, Gifford G, Kerins S, Lalousis PA, Logeswaran Y, Merritt K, Zahid U, Crossley NA, McCutcheon RA, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P. Exploring causal mechanisms of psychosis risk. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105699. [PMID: 38710421 PMCID: PMC11250118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Robust epidemiological evidence of risk and protective factors for psychosis is essential to inform preventive interventions. Previous evidence syntheses have classified these risk and protective factors according to their strength of association with psychosis. In this critical review we appraise the distinct and overlapping mechanisms of 25 key environmental risk factors for psychosis, and link these to mechanistic pathways that may contribute to neurochemical alterations hypothesised to underlie psychotic symptoms. We then discuss the implications of our findings for future research, specifically considering interactions between factors, exploring universal and subgroup-specific factors, improving understanding of temporality and risk dynamics, standardising operationalisation and measurement of risk and protective factors, and developing preventive interventions targeting risk and protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Edward Chesney
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alexis E Cullen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amir Englund
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - George Gifford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Kerins
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paris Alexandros Lalousis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanakan Logeswaran
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Uzma Zahid
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicolas A Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Robert A McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; OPEN Early Detection Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE11 5DL, UK
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Fırat Z, Er F, Noyan H, Ekinci G, Üçok A, Uluğ AM, Aktekin B. Discriminant analysis using MRI asymmetry indices and cognitive scores of women with temporal lobe epilepsy or schizophrenia. Neuroradiology 2024; 66:1083-1092. [PMID: 38416211 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-024-03317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess the diagnostic power of brain asymmetry indices and neuropsychological tests for differentiating mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and schizophrenia (SCZ). METHODS We studied a total of 39 women including 13 MTLE, 13 SCZ, and 13 healthy individuals (HC). A neuropsychological test battery (NPT) was administered and scored by an experienced neuropsychologist, and NeuroQuant (CorTechs Labs Inc., San Diego, California) software was used to calculate brain asymmetry indices (ASI) for 71 different anatomical regions of all participants based on their 3D T1 MR imaging scans. RESULTS Asymmetry indices measured from 10 regions showed statistically significant differences between the three groups. In this study, a multi-class linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was built based on a total of fifteen variables composed of the most five significantly informative NPT scores and ten significant asymmetry indices, and the model achieved an accuracy of 87.2%. In pairwise classification, the accuracy for distinguishing MTLE from either SCZ or HC was 94.8%, while the accuracy for distinguishing SCZ from either MTLE or HC was 92.3%. CONCLUSION The ability to differentiate MTLE from SCZ using neuroradiological and neuropsychological biomarkers, even within a limited patient cohort, could make a substantial contribution to research in larger patient groups using different machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Fırat
- Department of Radiology, Yeditepe University Hospitals, Kosuyolu, 34718, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Füsun Er
- Department of Information Systems Engineering, Piri Reis University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Noyan
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Beykoz University, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gazanfer Ekinci
- Department of Radiology, Yeditepe University Hospitals, Kosuyolu, 34718, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Üçok
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aziz M Uluğ
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
- CorTechs Labs Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Berrin Aktekin
- Department of Neurology, Yeditepe University Hospitals, Kosuyolu, 34718, Istanbul, Turkey
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41
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Lu Y, Hatzipantelis CJ, Langmead CJ, Stewart GD. Molecular insights into orphan G protein-coupled receptors relevant to schizophrenia. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2095-2113. [PMID: 37605621 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia remains a sizable socio-economic burden that continues to be treated with therapeutics based on 70-year old science. All currently approved therapeutics primarily target the dopamine D2 receptor to achieve their efficacy. Whilst dopaminergic dysregulation is a key feature in this disorder, the targeting of dopaminergic machinery has yielded limited efficacy and an appreciable side effect burden. Over the recent decades, numerous drugs that engage non-dopaminergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have yielded a promise of efficacy without the deleterious side effect profile, yet none have successfully completed clinical studies and progressed to the market. More recently, there has been increased attention around non-dopaminergic GPCR-targeting drugs, which demonstrated efficacy in some schizophrenia symptom domains. This provides renewed hope that effective schizophrenia treatment may lie outside of the dopaminergic space. Despite the potential for muscarinic receptor- (and other well-characterised GPCR families) targeting drugs to treat schizophrenia, they are often plagued with complications such as lack of receptor subtype selectivity and peripheral on-target side effects. Orphan GPCR studies have opened a new avenue of exploration with many demonstrating schizophrenia-relevant mechanisms and a favourable expression profile, thus offering potential for novel drug development. This review discusses centrally expressed orphan GPCRs: GPR3, GPR6, GPR12, GPR52, GPR85, GPR88 and GPR139 and their relationship to schizophrenia. We review their expression, signalling mechanisms and cellular function, in conjunction with small molecule development and structural insights. We seek to provide a snapshot of the growing evidence and development potential of new classes of schizophrenia therapeutics. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Phrenix Therapeutics, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gregory D Stewart
- Drug Discovery Biology and Neuroscience & Mental Health Therapeutic Program Area, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
- Phrenix Therapeutics, Parkville, Australia
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42
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Gangadin SS, Enthoven AD, van Beveren NJM, Laman JD, Sommer IEC. Immune Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2024; 20:229-257. [PMID: 38996077 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081122-013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and biological research resulted in the immune hypothesis: the hypothesis that immune system dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). The promising implication of this hypothesis is the potential to use existing immunomodulatory treatment for innovative interventions for SSD. Here, we provide a selective historical review of important discoveries that have shaped our understanding of immune dysfunction in SSD. We first explain the basic principles of immune dysfunction, after which we travel more than a century back in time. Starting our journey with neurosyphilis-associated psychosis in the nineteenth century, we continue by evaluating the role of infections and autoimmunity in SSD and findings from assessment of immune function using new techniques, such as cytokine levels, microglia density, neuroimaging, and gene expression. Drawing from these findings, we discuss anti-inflammatory interventions for SSD, and we conclude with a look into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Gangadin
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - A D Enthoven
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - N J M van Beveren
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Parnassia Group for Mental Health Care, The Hague and Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J D Laman
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I E C Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands;
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Haddon JE, Titherage D, Heckenast JR, Carter J, Owen MJ, Hall J, Wilkinson LS, Jones MW. Linking haploinsufficiency of the autism- and schizophrenia-associated gene Cyfip1 with striatal-limbic-cortical network dysfunction and cognitive inflexibility. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:256. [PMID: 38876996 PMCID: PMC11178837 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired behavioural flexibility is a core feature of neuropsychiatric disorders and is associated with underlying dysfunction of fronto-striatal circuitry. Reduced dosage of Cyfip1 is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorder, as evidenced by its involvement in the 15q11.2 (BP1-BP2) copy number variant: deletion carriers are haploinsufficient for CYFIP1 and exhibit a two- to four-fold increased risk of schizophrenia, autism and/or intellectual disability. Here, we model the contributions of Cyfip1 to behavioural flexibility and related fronto-striatal neural network function using a recently developed haploinsufficient, heterozygous knockout rat line. Using multi-site local field potential (LFP) recordings during resting state, we show that Cyfip1 heterozygous rats (Cyfip1+/-) harbor disrupted network activity spanning medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampal CA1 and ventral striatum. In particular, Cyfip1+/- rats showed reduced influence of nucleus accumbens and increased dominance of prefrontal and hippocampal inputs, compared to wildtype controls. Adult Cyfip1+/- rats were able to learn a single cue-response association, yet unable to learn a conditional discrimination task that engages fronto-striatal interactions during flexible pairing of different levers and cue combinations. Together, these results implicate Cyfip1 in development or maintenance of cortico-limbic-striatal network integrity, further supporting the hypothesis that alterations in this circuitry contribute to behavioural inflexibility observed in neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine E Haddon
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Daniel Titherage
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia R Heckenast
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jennifer Carter
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lawrence S Wilkinson
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences (DPMCN), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Jacob JR, Palanichamy K, Chakravarti A. Antipsychotics possess anti-glioblastoma activity by disrupting lysosomal function and inhibiting oncogenic signaling by stabilizing PTEN. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:414. [PMID: 38871731 PMCID: PMC11176297 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The repurposing of medications developed for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, possessing favorable safety profiles and blood-brain barrier permeability, represents a promising strategy for identifying new therapies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated the anti-GBM activity of specific antipsychotics and antidepressants in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that these compounds share a common mechanism of action in GBM, disrupting lysosomal function and subsequently inducing lysosomal membrane rupture and cell death. Notably, PTEN intact GBMs possess an increased sensitivity to these compounds. The inhibition of lysosomal function synergized with inhibitors targeting the EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway, leading to an energetic and antioxidant collapse. These findings provide a foundation for the potential clinical application of CNS drugs in GBM treatment. Additionally, this work offers critical insights into the mechanisms and determinants of cytotoxicity for drugs currently undergoing clinical trials as repurposing agents for various cancers, including Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine, and Fluphenazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ryan Jacob
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Palanichamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Rawani NS, Chan AW, Dursun SM, Baker GB. The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:709. [PMID: 38929148 PMCID: PMC11200831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in a distorted sense of reality, is observed in several psychiatric disorders in addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant to the underlying neurobiology of psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been a major influence in the study of the neurochemistry of psychosis and in development of antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on that other factors must be involved in the dysfunction involved in psychosis. In the current review, it is reported how several of these factors, namely dysregulation of neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the gut microbiome, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to psychosis and interact with one another. Research on psychosis has increased knowledge of the complexity of psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations of drugs (with pre- and probiotics in some cases) affecting several of the factors mentioned above, have been suggested. Similarly, several putative biomarkers, particularly those related to the immune system, have been proposed. Future research on both pharmacotherapy and biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted on an all stages of psychotic disorders and must consider confounders such as sex differences and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glen B. Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (N.S.R.); (A.W.C.); (S.M.D.)
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Crisp CM, Sahni A, Pang SW, Vanes LD, Szentgyorgyi T, Averbeck B, Moran RJ, Shergill SS. Deterioration in cognitive control related mPFC function underlying development of treatment resistance in early psychosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12985. [PMID: 38839828 PMCID: PMC11153613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
One third of people with psychosis become antipsychotic treatment-resistant and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated whether altered cognitive control function is a factor underlying development of treatment resistance. We studied 50 people with early psychosis at a baseline visit (mean < 2 years illness duration) and follow-up visit (1 year later), when 35 were categorized at treatment-responsive and 15 as treatment-resistant. Participants completed an emotion-yoked reward learning task that requires cognitive control whilst undergoing fMRI and MR spectroscopy to measure glutamate levels from Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC). Changes in cognitive control related activity (in prefrontal cortex and ACC) over time were compared between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive groups and related to glutamate. Compared to treatment-responsive, treatment-resistant participants showed blunted activity in right amygdala (decision phase) and left pallidum (feedback phase) at baseline which increased over time and was accompanied by a decrease in medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC) activity (feedback phase) over time. Treatment-responsive participants showed a negative relationship between mPFC activity and glutamate levels at follow-up, no such relationship existed in treatment-resistant participants. Reduced activity in right amygdala and left pallidum at baseline was predictive of treatment resistance at follow-up (67% sensitivity, 94% specificity). The findings suggest that deterioration in mPFC function over time, a key cognitive control region needed to compensate for an initial dysfunction within a social-emotional network, is a factor underlying development of treatment resistance in early psychosis. An uncoupling between glutamate and cognitive control related mPFC function requires further investigation that may present a future target for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Crisp
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
| | - Angad Sahni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sze W Pang
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lucy D Vanes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Timea Szentgyorgyi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Bruno Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute for Mental Health, Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Rosalyn J Moran
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sukhwinder S Shergill
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Kent and Medway Medical School, University of Kent, Parkwood Road, Kent, CT2 7FS, UK
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47
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Frei O, Hindley G, Shadrin AA, van der Meer D, Akdeniz BC, Hagen E, Cheng W, O'Connell KS, Bahrami S, Parker N, Smeland OB, Holland D, de Leeuw C, Posthuma D, Andreassen OA, Dale AM. Improved functional mapping of complex trait heritability with GSA-MiXeR implicates biologically specific gene sets. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1310-1318. [PMID: 38831010 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
While genome-wide association studies are increasingly successful in discovering genomic loci associated with complex human traits and disorders, the biological interpretation of these findings remains challenging. Here we developed the GSA-MiXeR analytical tool for gene set analysis (GSA), which fits a model for the heritability of individual genes, accounting for linkage disequilibrium across variants and allowing the quantification of partitioned heritability and fold enrichment for small gene sets. We validated the method using extensive simulations and sensitivity analyses. When applied to a diverse selection of complex traits and disorders, including schizophrenia, GSA-MiXeR prioritizes gene sets with greater biological specificity compared to standard GSA approaches, implicating voltage-gated calcium channel function and dopaminergic signaling for schizophrenia. Such biologically relevant gene sets, often with fewer than ten genes, are more likely to provide insights into the pathobiology of complex diseases and highlight potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Frei
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Guy Hindley
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bayram C Akdeniz
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Hagen
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominic Holland
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christiaan de Leeuw
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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48
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Yang SM, Ghoshal A, Hubbard JM, Gackière F, Teyssié R, Neale SA, Hopkins SC, Koblan KS, Bristow LJ, Dedic N. TAAR1 agonist ulotaront modulates striatal and hippocampal glutamate function in a state-dependent manner. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1091-1103. [PMID: 38110609 PMCID: PMC11109157 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant dopaminergic and glutamatergic function, particularly within the striatum and hippocampus, has repeatedly been associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Supported by preclinical and recent clinical data, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonism has emerged as a potential new treatment approach for schizophrenia. While current evidence implicates TAAR1-mediated regulation of dopaminergic tone as the primary circuit mechanism, little is known about the effects of TAAR1 agonists on the glutamatergic system and excitation-inhibition balance. Here we assessed the impact of ulotaront (SEP-363856), a TAAR1 agonist in Phase III clinical development for schizophrenia, on glutamate function in the mouse striatum and hippocampus. Ulotaront reduced spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic transmission and neuronal firing in striatal and hippocampal brain slices, respectively. Interestingly, ulotaront potentiated electrically-evoked excitatory synaptic transmission in both brain regions, suggesting the ability to modulate glutamatergic signaling in a state-dependent manner. Similar striatal effects were also observed with the TAAR1 agonist, RO5166017. Furthermore, we show that ulotaront regulates excitation-inhibition balance in the striatum by specifically modulating glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, spontaneous synaptic events. These findings expand the mechanistic circuit hypothesis of ulotaront and TAAR1 agonists, which may be uniquely positioned to normalize both the excessive dopaminergic tone and regulate abnormal glutamatergic function associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung M Yang
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Ayan Ghoshal
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nina Dedic
- Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
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49
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Tang M, Zhao T, Liu T, Dang R, Cai H, Wang Y. Nutrition and schizophrenia: associations worthy of continued revaluation. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:528-546. [PMID: 37565574 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2233176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence have shown that diet and nutrition play significant roles in mental illness, such as depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. However, comprehensive evaluation of the relationship between nutrition and schizophrenia is lacking. OBJECTIVE The present review aims to synthetic elaborate the associations between nutrition and schizophrenia. Relevant studies on dietary patterns, macronutrients, micronutrients were performed through a literature search to synthesize the extracted data. SUMMARY Dietary interventions may help prevent the occurrence of schizophrenia, or delay symptoms: Healthy diets like nutritious plant-based foods and high-quality protein, have been linked to reducing the risk or symptoms of schizophrenia. Moreover, diet high in saturated fat and sugar is linked to more serious outcomes of schizophrenia. Additionally, when N-acetylcysteine acts as an adjuvant therapy, the overall symptoms of schizophrenia are significantly reduced. Also nascent evidence showed mental disorders may be related to intestinal microbiota dysfunction. Our study offered important insights into the dietary habits of patients with schizophrenia and the potential impact of nutritional factors on the disease. We also emphasized the need for further research, particularly in the form of large randomized double-blind controlled trials, to better understand the effects of nutrients on schizophrenia symptoms in different populations and disease types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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50
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Schalbroeck R, van Hooijdonk CFM, Bos DPA, Booij J, Selten JP. Chronic social stressors and striatal dopamine functioning in humans: A systematic review of SPECT and PET studies. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02581-x. [PMID: 38760501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that elevated striatal dopamine functioning underlies the development of psychotic symptoms. Chronic exposure to social stressors increases psychosis risk, possibly by upregulating striatal dopamine functioning. Here we systematically review single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies that examined the relationship between chronic social stress exposure and in vivo striatal dopamine functioning in humans. We searched the scientific databases PubMed and PsycINFO from inception to August 2023. The quality of the included studies was evaluated with the ten-item Observational Study Quality Evaluation (PROSPERO: CRD42022308883). Twenty-eight studies were included, which measured different aspects of striatal dopamine functioning including dopamine synthesis capacity (DSC), vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 binding, dopamine release following a pharmacological or behavioral challenge, D2/3 receptor binding, and dopamine transporter binding. We observed preliminary evidence of an association between childhood trauma and increased striatal DSC and dopamine release. However, exposure to low socioeconomic status, stressful life events, or other social stressors was not consistently associated with altered striatal dopamine functioning. The quality of available studies was generally low. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence that chronic social stressors upregulate striatal dopamine functioning in humans. We propose avenues for future research, in particular to improve the measurement of chronic social stressors and the methodological quality of study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Schalbroeck
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carmen F M van Hooijdonk
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle P A Bos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen Institute for Mental Healthcare, Leiden, The Netherlands
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