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Xu T, Wang Z, Wang Z, Guo M, Wang X, He X, Wang J, Rahman SU, Bourhia M, Alsahli AA, Zhang Y. Effects of nitrate- and ammonium- nitrogen on anatomical and physiological responses of Catalpa bungei under full and partial root-zone drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38532319 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Catalpa bungei is a precious timber species distributed in North China where drought often occurs. To clarify adaptive responses of C. bungei to partial- and full- root-zone drought under the influence of nitrogen forms, a two-factor experiment was conducted in which well-watered (WW), partial root-zone drought in horizontal direction (H-PRD) and in vertical direction (V-PRD), and full root-zone drought (FRD) were combined with nitrate-nitrogen (NN) and ammonium-nitrogen (AN) treatments. C. bungei responded to FRD by sharply closing stomata, decreasing gas exchange rate and increasing leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). Under FRD condition, the growth of seedlings was severely inhibited and the effect of N forms was covered up by the drastic drought effect. In comparison, stomata conductance and gas exchanges were moderately inhibited by PRDs. WUEi in V-PRD treatment was superior to H-PRD due to the active stomata regulation resulting from a higher ABA level and active transcription of genes in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway under V-PRD. Under both PRDs and FRD, nitrate benefited antioxidant defense, stomata regulation and leaf WUEi. Under V-PRD, WUEi in nitrate treatment was superior to that in ammonium treatment due to active stomata regulation by signaling network of nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ and ABA. Under FRD, WUEi was higher in nitrate treatment due to the favoring photosynthetic efficiency resulting from active NO signal and antioxidant defense. The interactive effect of water and N forms was significant on wood xylem development. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) largely contributes to stress tolerance and xylem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengfan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Siddiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 27200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization , Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, 80000, Morocco.
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Ouyang S, Tie L, Saurer M, Bose AK, Duan H, Li M, Xu X, Shen W, Gessler A. Divergent role of nutrient availability in determining drought responses of sessile oak and Scots pine seedlings: evidence from 13C and 15N dual labeling. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad105. [PMID: 37672222 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased soil nutrient availability can promote tree growth while drought impairs metabolic functioning and induces tree mortality. However, limited information is available about the role of nutrients in the drought responses of trees. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, which were subjected to three fertilization treatments in the first year and two water regimes in the second year. Old and newly fixed carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation were traced by dual labeling with 13C and 15N tracers, respectively, at two time points. Leaf gas exchange, biomass, as well as N and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of all organs were measured. Fertilization predisposed sessile oak to drought-induced mortality, mainly by prioritizing aboveground growth, C and N allocation, reducing root NSC concentrations and decreasing old C contribution to new growth of leaves. In contrast, fertilization did not additionally predispose Scots pine to drought, with minor effects of fertilization and drought on newly fixed and old C allocation, tissues N and NSC concentrations. The role of nutrients for drought responses of trees seems to be species-specific. Therefore, we suggest nutrient availability and species identity to be considered in the framework of physiological mechanisms affecting drought-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Ouyang
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Liehua Tie
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arun K Bose
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Honglang Duan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Maihe Li
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Forest Dynamics, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
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Cao J, Liu H, Zhao B, Li Z, Liang B, Shi L, Song Z, Wu L, Wang Q, Cressey EL, Zhu Y, Li S. Nitrogen addition enhances tree radial growth but weakens its recovery from drought impact in a temperate forest in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166884. [PMID: 37696401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest growth in the majority of northern China is currently limited by drought and low nitrogen (N) availability. Drought events with increasing intensity have threatened multiple ecosystem services provided by forests. Whether N addition will have a detrimental or beneficial moderation effect on forest resistance and recovery to drought events was unclear. Here, our study focuses on Pinus tabulaeformis, which is the main plantation forest species in northern China. We investigated the role of climate change and N addition in driving multi-year tree growth with an 8-year soil nitrogen fertilization experiment and analyzing 184 tree ring series. A moderate drought event occurred during the experiment, providing an opportunity for us to explore the effects of drought and N addition on tree resistance and recovery. We found that N addition was beneficial for increasing the resistance of middle-aged trees, but had no effect on mature trees. The recovery of trees weakened significantly with increasing N addition, and the reduction in fine root biomass caused by multiyear N addition was a key influencing factor limiting recovery after moderate drought. Our study implies that the combined effect of increasing drought and N deposition might increase the risk of pine forest mortality in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Science and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zongshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boyi Liang
- College of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Precise Forestry, Institute of GIS, RS & GPS, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhaopeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lu Wu
- China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Elizabeth L Cressey
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Yanpeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Kiene C, Jung EY, Engelbrecht BMJ. Nutrient effects on drought responses vary across common temperate grassland species. Oecologia 2023; 202:1-14. [PMID: 37145315 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Drought and nutrient input are two main global change drivers that threaten ecosystem function and services. Resolving the interactive effects of human-induced stressors on individual species is necessary to improve our understanding of community and ecosystem responses. This study comparatively assessed how different nutrient conditions affect whole-plant drought responses across 13 common temperate grassland species. We conducted a fully factorial drought-fertilization experiment to examine the effect of nutrient addition [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and combined NP] on species' drought survival, and on drought resistance of growth as well as drought legacy effects. Drought had an overall negative effect on survival and growth, and the adverse drought effects extended into the next growing season. Neither drought resistance nor legacy effects exhibited an overall effect of nutrients. Instead, both the size and the direction of the effects differed strongly among species and between nutrient conditions. Consistently, species performance ranking under drought changed with nitrogen availability. The idiosyncratic responses of species to drought under different nutrient conditions may underlie the seemingly contradicting effects of drought in studies on grassland composition and productivity along nutrient and land-use gradients-ranging from amplifying to dampening. Differential species' responses to combinations of nutrients and drought, as observed in our study, complicate predictions of community and ecosystem responses to climate and land-use changes. Moreover, they highlight the urgent need for an improved understanding of the mechanisms that render species more or less vulnerable to drought under different nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Kiene
- Functional and Tropical Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Eun-Young Jung
- Functional and Tropical Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bettina M J Engelbrecht
- Functional and Tropical Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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Liang B, Wei Z, Ma C, Yin B, Li C, Ma F. Ectopic expression of HIOMT improves tolerance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in transgenic apple under drought stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:335-350. [PMID: 36124720 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin enhances plant tolerance to various environmental stressors. Although exogenous application of melatonin has been investigated, the role of endogenous melatonin metabolism in the response of apples to drought stress and nutrient utilization remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of ectopically expressing the human melatonin synthase gene HIOMT on transgenic apple plants under drought stress conditions. The tolerance of transgenic apple lines that ectopically expressed HIOMT improved significantly under drought conditions. After 10 days of natural drought stress treatment, the transgenic apple plants showed higher relative water content, chlorophyll levels and Fv/Fm, and lower relative electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide accumulation, than wild-type plants. The activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as genes in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, increased more in transgenic apple plants than in the wild-type. The ectopic expression of HIOMT also markedly alleviated the inhibitory effects of long-term drought stress on plant growth, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll concentrations in apple plants. The uptake and utilization of 15N increased markedly in the transgenic lines under long-term moderate drought stress. Drought stress sharply reduced the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, but ectopic expression of HIOMT largely reversed that response. The expression levels of genes of nitrogen metabolism and uptake were more upregulated in transgenic apple plants than the wild-type. Overall, our study demonstrates that ectopic expression of HIOMT enhanced the tolerance of apple plants to drought stress, and transgenic apple plants showed improved growth due to higher nutrient utilization efficiency under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Food Sciences and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Baoying Yin
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Fan DY, Dang QL, Yang XF, Liu XM, Wang JY, Zhang SR. Nitrogen deposition increases xylem hydraulic sensitivity but decreases stomatal sensitivity to water potential in two temperate deciduous tree species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157840. [PMID: 35934026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of nitrogen deposition on tree water relations are studied extensively, its impact on the relative sensitivities of stomatal and xylem hydraulic conductance to vapor pressure deficit and water potential is still poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of a 7-year N deposition treatment on the responses of leaf water relations and sensitivity of canopy stomatal conductance to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and water potential, as well as the sensitivity of branch hydraulic conductance to water potential in a dominant tree species (Quercus wutaishanica) and an associated tree species (Acer mono) in a temperate forest. It was found that the N deposition increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD, decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential, and increased the vulnerability of the hydraulic system to cavitation in both species. The standardized stomatal sensitivity to VPD, however, was not affected by the N deposition, indicating that the stomata maintained the ability to regulate the water balance under nitrogen deposition condition. Although the increased stomatal sensitivity to VPD could compensate the decreased stomatal sensitivity to water potential to some extent, the combined response would increase the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) when 50 % loss in stomatal conductance occurred, particularly in the dominant species Q. wutaishanica. The result indicates that N deposition would increase the risk of hydraulic failure in those species if the soil and/or air becomes drier under future climate change scenarios. The results of the study can have significant implications on the modelling of ecosystem vulnerability to drought under the scenario of atmospheric nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing-Lai Dang
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100096, China.
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Zhang X, Liu H, Luo X, Xiao M, Xiang P, Chen M, Zhang X, Zhang L, Ye Q, Wen D. Contrasting responses in growth, photosynthesis and hydraulics of two subtropical tree species to cadmium contamination as affected by elevated CO 2 and nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155858. [PMID: 35561921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, photosynthesis, and hydraulics are affected by heavy metals but also by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, few studies have investigated the response of woody species to the combined effects of these three factors. We conducted an open-top chamber experiment with two common subtropical trees (Acacia auriculiformis and Syzygium hainanense) to explore the effects of cadmium (Cd)-contamination, e[CO2], and N addition on plant eco-physiological traits. We found that the growth of A. auriculiformis was insensitive to the treatments, indicating that it is a Cd-tolerant and useful afforestation species. For S. hainanense, in contrast, e[CO2] and/or N addition offset the detrimental effects of Cd addition by greatly increasing plant biomass and reducing the leaf Cd concentration. We then found that e[CO2] and/or N addition offset the detrimental Cd effects on S. hainanense biomass by increasing its photosynthetic rate, its N concentration, and the efficiency of its stem water transport network. These offsetting effects of e[CO2] and/or N addition, however, came at the expense of reduced xylem hydraulic safety resulting from wider vessels, thinner vessel walls, and therefore weaker vessel reinforcement. Our study suggests that, given future increases in global CO2 concentration and N deposition, the growth of Cd-tolerant tree species (like A. auriculiformis) will be probably stable while the growth of Cd-sensitive tree species (like S. hainanense) might be enhanced despite reduced hydraulic safety. This also suggests that both species will be useful for afforestation of Cd-contaminated soils given future global change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xianzhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Meijuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Dazhi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Multiple-Temporal Scale Variations in Nighttime Sap Flow Response to Environmental Factors in Ficus concinna over a Subtropical Megacity, Southern China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With ongoing climate change and rapid urbanization, the influence of extreme weather conditions on long-term nocturnal sap flow (Qn) dynamics in subtropical urban tree species is poorly understood despite the importance of Qn for the water budgets and development plantation. We continuously measured nighttime sap flow in Ficus concinna over multiple years (2014–2020) in a subtropical megacity, Shenzhen, to explore the environmental controls on Qn and dynamics in plant water consumption at different timescales. Nocturnally, Qn was shown to be positively driven by the air temperature (Ta), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and canopy conductance (expressed as a ratio of transpiration to VPD), yet negatively regulated by relative humidity (RH). Seasonally, variations in Qn were determined by VPD in fast growth, Ta, T/VPD, and meteoric water input to soils in middle growth, and RH in the terminal growth stages of the trees. Annual mean Qn varied from 2.87 to 6.30 kg d−1 with an interannual mean of 4.39 ± 1.43 kg d−1 (± standard deviation). Interannually, the key regulatory parameters of Qn were found to be Ta, T/VPD, and precipitation (P)-induced-soil moisture content (SMC), which individually explained 69, 63, 83, and 76% of the variation, respectively. The proportion of the nocturnal to the total 24-h sap flow (i.e., Qn/Q24-h × 100) ranged from 0.18 to 17.39%, with an interannual mean of 8.87%. It is suggested that high temperatures could increase transpirational demand and, hence, water losses during the night. Our findings can potentially assist in sustainable water management in subtropical areas and urban planning under increasing urban heat islands expected with future climate change.
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Yu B, Rossi S, Liang H, Guo X, Ma Q, Zhang S, Kang J, Zhao P, Zhang W, Ju Y, Huang JG. Effects of nitrogen addition and increased precipitation on xylem growth of Quercus acutissima Caruth. in central China. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:754-770. [PMID: 35029689 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and increasing precipitation affect carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, but how these two concurrent global change variables affect xylem growth in trees (i.e., independently or interactively) remains unclear. We conducted novel experiments in central China to monitor the xylem growth in a dominant species (Quercus acutissima Caruth.) in response to N addition (CN), supplemental precipitation (CW) or both treatments (CNW), compared with untreated controls (C). Measurements were made at weekly intervals during 2014-15. We found that supplemental precipitation significantly enhanced xylem growth in the dry spring of 2015, indicating a time-varying effect of increased precipitation on intra-annual xylem growth. Elevated N had no significant effect on xylem increment, xylem growth rate, and lumen diameters and potential hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of earlywood vessels, but Ks with elevated N was significantly negatively related to xylem increment. The combination of additional N and supplemental precipitation suppressed the positive effect of supplemental precipitation on xylem increment in the dry spring of 2015. These findings indicated that xylem width was more responsive to supplemental precipitation than to increasing N in a dry early growing season; the positive effect of supplemental precipitation on xylem growth could be offset by elevated N resources. The negative interactive effect of N addition and supplemental precipitation also suggested that increasing N deposition and precipitation in the future might potentially affect carbon sequestration of Q. acutissima during the early growing season in central China. The effects of N addition and supplemental precipitation on tree growth are complex and might vary depending on the growth period and local climatic conditions. Therefore, future models of tree growth need to consider multiple-time scales and local climatic conditions when simulating and projecting global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Hanxue Liang
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiali Guo
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Shaokang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jian Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuxi Ju
- Jigongshan National Natural Reserve, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Ouyang SN, Gessler A, Saurer M, Hagedorn F, Gao DC, Wang XY, Schaub M, Li MH, Shen WJ, Schönbeck L. Root carbon and nutrient homeostasis determines downy oak sapling survival and recovery from drought. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1400-1412. [PMID: 33595075 PMCID: PMC8436808 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbon (C) and nutrient uptake, allocation, storage and especially their interactions in survival and recovery of trees under increased frequencies and intensities of drought events is not well understood. A full factorial experiment with four soil water content regimes ranging from extreme drought to well-watered conditions and two fertilization levels was carried out. We aimed to investigate whether nutrient addition mitigates drought effects on downy oak (Quercus pubescens Willd.) and whether storage pools of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are modified to enhance survival after 2.5 years of drought and recovery after drought relief. Physiological traits, such as photosynthesis, predawn leaf water potential as well as tissue biomass together with pools and dynamics of NSC and nutrients at the whole-tree level were investigated. Our results showed that fertilization played a minor role in saplings' physiological processes to cope with drought and drought relief, but reduced sapling mortality during extreme drought. Irrespective of nutrient supply, Q. pubescens showed increased soluble sugar concentration in all tissues with increasing drought intensity, mostly because of starch degradation. After 28 days of drought relief, tissue sugar concentrations decreased, reaching comparable values to those of well-watered plants. Only during the recovery process from extreme drought, root NSC concentration strongly declined, leading to an almost complete NSC depletion after 28 days of rewetting, simultaneously with new leaves flushing. These findings suggest that extreme drought can lead to root C exhaustion. After drought relief, the repair and regrowth of organs can even exacerbate the root C depletion. We concluded that under future climate conditions with repeated drought events, the insufficient and lagged C replenishment in roots might eventually lead to C starvation and further mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Ouyang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences,723 XingKe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Ramistrasse 101, Zurich 8902, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - De-Cai Gao
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renming Road, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 72 Puyang Road,Jiyang District, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Mai-He Li
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renming Road, Nanguan District, Changchun 130024, China
| | | | - Leonie Schönbeck
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zurcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Route Cantonale, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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11
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Zhang H, Yuan F, Wu J, Jin C, Pivovaroff AL, Tian J, Li W, Guan D, Wang A, McDowell NG. Responses of functional traits to seven-year nitrogen addition in two tree species: coordination of hydraulics, gas exchange and carbon reserves. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:190-205. [PMID: 33313912 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been observed to impact plant structure and functional traits in terrestrial ecosystems. Although the effect of N deposition on plant water use has been well-evaluated in laboratories and in experimental forests, the linkages between water and carbon relations under N deposition are unclear. Here, we report on hydraulics, gas exchange and carbon reserves of two broad-leaved tree species (Quercus mongolica and Fraxinus mandshurica) in mature temperate forests after a seven-year experiment with different levels of N addition (control (CK), low (23 kg N ha-1 yr-1), medium (46 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and high (69 kg N ha-1 yr-1)). We investigated variation in hydraulic traits (xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks), native percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) and leaf water potential), xylem anatomy (vessel diameter and density), gas exchange (maximum net photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance) and carbon reserves (soluble sugars, starch and total nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC)) with different N addition levels. We found that medium N addition significantly increased Ks and vessel diameter compared to control, but accompanied increasing PLC and decreasing leaf water potential, suggesting that N addition results in a greater hydraulic efficiency and higher risk of embolism. N addition promoted photosynthetic capacity via increasing foliar N concentration but did not change stomatal conductance. In addition, we found increase in foliar soluble sugar concentration and decrease in starch concentration with N addition, and positive correlations between hydraulic traits (vessel diameter and PLC) and soluble sugars. These coupled responses of tree hydraulics and carbon metabolism are consistent with a regulatory role of carbohydrates in maintaining hydraulic integrity. Our study provides an important insight into the relationship of plant water transport and carbon dynamics under increasing N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Alexandria L Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jinyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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12
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Sigala JA, Uscola M, Oliet JA, Jacobs DF. Drought tolerance and acclimation in Pinus ponderosa seedlings: the influence of nitrogen form. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1165-1177. [PMID: 32333785 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a limiting factor to forest regeneration and restoration, which is likely to increase in intensity and duration under future climates. Nitrogen (N) nutrition is related to drought-resistance mechanisms in trees. However, the influence of chemical N form (inorganic and organic N) on physiological traits related to drought resistance has been sparsely studied in conifer seedlings. We investigated the effect of N forms on morpho-physiological traits of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. seedlings and subsequent influences in drought tolerance and acclimation. One-year-old seedlings were fertilized during 10 weeks at 9 mM N with different N forms [either NH4+, NO3- or organic N (amino acids mixture)] in their second year of growth. After fertilization, we measured traits associated with intrinsic drought tolerance (shoot water relations, osmotic regulation, photosynthesis and cell membrane stability). Seedlings were then subjected to an 8-week drought period at varying drought intensities to evaluate plant acclimation mechanisms. We demonstrated that P. ponderosa seedlings could efficiently use amino acids as a primary N source, showing similar performance to those grown with inorganic N forms. Nitrogen form influenced mainly drought-acclimation mechanisms rather than intrinsic drought tolerance. Osmotic potential at saturation (Ψπsat) was marginally affected by N form, and a significant relationship between proline concentration in needles and Ψπsat was found. During acclimation, seedlings fertilized with organic N minimized needle senescence, retained more nutrients in the oldest needles, had maximum increments in proline concentration and hastened the development of water-use efficiency mechanisms compared with those fertilized with inorganic N sources. Our results suggest an improved physiological drought acclimation of organic N-fertilized seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Sigala
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETS Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Forest Plantations and Agroforestry Program, Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), km 4.5 Carretera Durango-El Mezquital, 34170 Durango, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Uscola
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá Apdo. 20 Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Oliet
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETS Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Douglass F Jacobs
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, 47907 Indiana, USA
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13
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Laughlin DC, Delzon S, Clearwater MJ, Bellingham PJ, McGlone MS, Richardson SJ. Climatic limits of temperate rainforest tree species are explained by xylem embolism resistance among angiosperms but not among conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:727-740. [PMID: 31981422 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic failure explains much of the increased rates of drought-induced tree mortality around the world, underlining the importance of understanding how species distributions are shaped by their vulnerability to embolism. Here we determined which physiological traits explain species climatic limits among temperate rainforest trees in a region where chronic water limitation is uncommon. We quantified the variation in stem embolism vulnerability and leaf turgor loss point among 55 temperate rainforest tree species in New Zealand and tested which traits were most strongly related to species climatic limits. Leaf turgor loss point and stem P50 (tension at which hydraulic conductance is at 50% of maximum) were uncorrelated. Stem P50 and hydraulic safety margin were the most strongly related physiological traits to climatic limits among angiosperms, but not among conifers. Morphological traits such as wood density and leaf dry matter content did not explain species climatic limits. Stem embolism resistance and leaf turgor loss point appear to have evolved independently. Embolism resistance is the most useful predictor of the climatic limits of angiosperm trees. High embolism resistance in the curiously overbuilt New Zealand conifers suggests that their xylem properties may be more closely related to growing slowly under nutrient limitation and to resistance to microbial decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Laughlin
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- INRA, BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France
| | | | - Peter J Bellingham
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Matthew S McGlone
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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14
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Cary KL, Ranieri GM, Pittermann J. Xylem form and function under extreme nutrient limitation: an example from California's pygmy forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:760-769. [PMID: 31900931 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Xylem anatomy and function have large implications for plant growth as well as survival during drought, but the impact of nutrient limitation on xylem is not fully understood. This study examines the pygmy forest in California, a plant community that experiences negligible water stress but is severely stunted by low-nutrient and acidic soil, to investigate how nutrient limitation affects xylem function. Thirteen key anatomical and hydraulic traits of stems of four species were compared between pygmy forest plants and nearby conspecifics growing on richer soil. Resistance to cavitation (P50 ), a critical trait for predicting survival during drought, had highly species-specific responses: in one species, pygmy plants had a 26% decrease in cavitation resistance compared to higher-nutrient conspecifics, while in another species, pygmy plants had a 56% increase in cavitation resistance. Other traits responded to nutrient limitation more consistently: pygmy plants had smaller xylem conduits and higher leaf-specific conductivity (KL ) than conspecific controls. Edaphic stress, even in the absence of water stress, altered xylem structure and thus had substantial impacts on water transport. Importantly, nutrient limitation shifted cavitation resistance in a species-specific and unpredictable manner; this finding has implications for the assessment of cavitation resistance in other natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine L Cary
- University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Gina M Ranieri
- University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jarmila Pittermann
- University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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15
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Oddo E, Abbate L, Inzerillo S, Carimi F, Motisi A, Sajeva M, Nardini A. Water relations of two Sicilian grapevine cultivars in response to potassium availability and drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:282-290. [PMID: 31986482 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the response of two Sicilian grapevine cultivars, Catarratto and Nero d'Avola, to potassium deficiency and drought stress. Two-year-old plants grafted on 1103 Paulsen were grown in agriperlite, with or without potassium in the fertigation solution for six weeks, and subjected to moderate drought stress by suspending irrigation for one week. Potassium content of leaves, roots and xylem sap were measured with an ion-selective electrode. Changes in stomatal conductance, stem and leaf water potential and hydraulic conductance were compared between genotypes and treatments. Potassium deficiency led to significant decreases in leaf potassium content in both cultivars and under both well-watered and drought stress conditions. Potassium content in xylem sap showed no significant differences between cultivars and was correlated with stem hydraulic conductance, particularly in the drought stress treatments. Under drought stress conditions, potassium availability led to an increase in stomatal conductance, particularly in Nero d'Avola. Both cultivars showed a rather isohydric behavior under these experimental conditions, and the level of isohydry varied with potassium availability. These results can be useful for the development of optimal fertigation practices and the selection of drought tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Oddo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20, 90123, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Loredana Abbate
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Inzerillo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Motisi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Corso Calatafimi 414, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sajeva
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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16
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Zhang H, McDowell NG, Adams HD, Wang A, Wu J, Jin C, Tian J, Zhu K, Li W, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Guan D. Divergences in hydraulic conductance and anatomical traits of stems and leaves in three temperate tree species coping with drought, N addition and their interactions. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:230-244. [PMID: 31860728 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought and nitrogen (N) addition have been shown to affect tree hydraulic traits, but few studies have been made on their interactions across species with different wood types or leaf forms. We examined the responses of hydraulic conductance and xylem anatomical traits of Quercus mongolica (ring porous with simple leaves), Fraxinus mandshurica (ring porous with compound leaves) and Tilia amurensis (diffuse porous with simple leaves) to drought, N addition and their interactions. Drought stress decreased current-year xylem-specific conductivity in stems (Ksx) and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ), but N addition affected Ksx and Kleaf differently among species and watering regimes. These divergent effects were associated with different responses of anatomical traits and leaf forms. Higher mean vessel diameter in stems and lower vessel density in leaves were observed with N addition. The three-way interactive effects of drought, N addition and tree species were significant for most values of anatomical traits. These results were also reflected in large differences in vessel diameter and density among species with different wood types or leaf forms. The two-way interactive effects of drought and N addition were significant on Kleaf and predawn water potential, but not Ksx, indicating that leaves were more sensitive than stems to a combination of drought stress and N addition. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the variable responses of xylem water transport to the interactions of drought and N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3013, USA
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yushu Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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17
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Duan H, Ontedhu J, Milham P, Lewis JD, Tissue DT. Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and elevated temperature on morphological, physiological and anatomical responses of Eucalyptus tereticornis along a soil phosphorus gradient. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1821-1837. [PMID: 31728540 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are likely to play a critical role in the response of Australian forests to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and temperature. Although eucalypts are frequently phosphorus (P) limited in native soils, few studies have examined the main and interactive effects of P availability, [CO2] and temperature on eucalypt morphology, physiology and anatomy. To address this issue, we grew seedlings of Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith across its P-responsive range (6-500 mg kg-1) for 120 days under two [CO2] (ambient: 400 μmol mol-1 (Ca) and elevated: 640 μmol mol-1 (Ce)) and two temperature (ambient: 24/16 °C (Ta) and elevated: 28/20 °C (Te) day/night) treatments in a sunlit glasshouse. Seedlings were well-watered and supplied with otherwise non-limiting macro- and micro-nutrients. Increasing soil P supply increased growth responses to Ce and Te. At the highest P supplies, Ce increased total dry mass, leaf number and total leaf area by ~50%, and Te increased leaf number by ~40%. By contrast, Ce and Te had limited effects on seedling growth at the lowest P supply. Soil P supply did not consistently modify photosynthetic responses to Ce or Te. Overall, effects of Ce and Te on growth, physiological and anatomical responses of E. tereticornis seedlings were generally neutral or negative at low soil P supply, suggesting that native tree responses to future climates may be relatively small in native low-P soils in Australian forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglang Duan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Josephine Ontedhu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
| | - Paul Milham
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
| | - James D Lewis
- Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW2751, Australia
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18
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Zhu L, Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhao P, Ouyang L, Ni G, Liu N. Specific responses of sap flux and leaf functional traits to simulated canopy and understory nitrogen additions in a deciduous broadleaf forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:986-993. [PMID: 31280758 DOI: 10.1071/fp18277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on water use characteristics and leaf traits of trees, we performed canopy (C50) and understory (U50) N additions as NH4NO3 of 50 kg N ha-1 year-1 in a deciduous broadleaf forest of central China. We measured xylem sap flux, crown area:sapwood area ratio (Ca:As), specific leaf area (SLA), mass-based leaf nitrogen content (Nmass) and leaf carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) of Liquidambar formosana Hance, Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Quercus variabilis Blume. Functional traits under different N addition treatments and their responses among tree species were compared and the relationship between xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits under N additions were explored. Results showed that under U50 sap-flux density of xylem significantly decreased for three tree species. But the effect of C50 on sap flux was species-specific. The decrease of sap-flux density with N additions might be caused by the increased Ca/As. δ13C remained constant among different N addition treatments. The responses of SLA and Nmass to N additions were species- and N addition approaches-specific. The correlation of xylem sap flux with leaf traits was not found. Our findings indicate that the effects of canopy N addition on xylem sap flux and leaf functional traits were species-specific and it is necessary to employ canopy N addition for exploring the real responses of forest ecosystems to climate changes in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yanting Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Lei Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Guangyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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19
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Okant M, Kaya C. The role of endogenous nitric oxide in melatonin-improved tolerance to lead toxicity in maize plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11864-11874. [PMID: 30820918 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) are known as scavengers of free radicals and an antioxidant against biotic and abiotic stresses in plant defense systems. However, whether NO interplays role in MT-induced antioxidant defense remains to be determined in the plants exposed to lead (Pb) toxicity. So, two experiments were designed to evaluate the role of NO in MT-mediated tolerance of maize plants to Pb stress. In the initial experiment, prior to starting different treatments, a solution of 0.05- or 0.10-mM MT was sprayed every other day for a period of 10 days to the leaves of maize plants exposed to Pb stress (0.1-mM PbCl2). Pb toxicity significantly caused reduction in plant biomass (both fresh and dry), PSII maximum efficiency (Fv/Fm), total chlorophyll, leaf potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and leaf water potential, but it resulted in increased levels of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), electron leakage (EL), leaf Pb, and endogenous NO. An addition experiment was set up to further understand whether NO played role in mitigation of Pb toxicity in maize plants by MT using scavengers of NO and cPTIO combined with the MT treatments. MT-induced tolerance to Pb toxicity was totally eliminated by cPTIO by reversing endogenous NO. The present results clearly indicated that MT mediated the endogenous NO to improve tolerance of maize plants to Pb toxicity. This evidence was also supported by the increases of H2O2 and MDA and reduces some antioxidant enzyme activities tested as well as the plant growth inhibition and increased leaf Pb content by application of MT combined with cPTIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Okant
- Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Kaya
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Harran, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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20
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Dry Season Irrigation Promotes Leaf Growth in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis under Fertilization. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leaves are essential for photosynthesis and gas exchange, and their growth characteristics are the key factors that influence the carbon budget. Eucalyptus is widely afforested in south China due to its fast-growing and high-yield features. Water and fertilizer are the main factors affecting plant growth. Studying the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the growth of Eucalyptus leaves under seasonal drought could further elucidate the optimal additions for Eucalyptus productivity. In this study, we investigated the leaf area, length, width, perimeter, and expansion rates of the commercial species E. urophylla × E. grandis under different treatments of dry season irrigation and fertilizer application to elucidate the growth dynamics of the leaves. The results indicated that both dry season irrigation and fertilizer could affect whole leaf expansion. Leaf area was largest when water and fertilizer were added at the same time. In this experiment, we found that fertilization had a significant effect on the leaf shape index of the Eucalyptus leaves. The leaf shape index was larger with the fertilizer treatment, which made the leaves slender. Dry season irrigation shorten the peak period of leaf growth and increase the leaf area. Our results help to further understand the mechanism of Eucalyptus productivity under seasonal drought and provide theoretical support for Eucalyptus production.
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21
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Melo Júnior JCFD, Amorim MW, Soffiatti P. Comparative wood anatomy of Ficus cestrifolia (Moraceae) in two distinct soil conditions. RODRIGUÉSIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860201869440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Wood anatomical traits respond to environmental variables and among them, soil has a direct impact on secondary xylem. This study compares the wood anatomy of two populations of Ficus cestrifolia occurring in two lowland formations of Southern Brazil (MAQ and SJS) with similar climate but different soil conditions. Wood samples were collected at breast height and prepared according to standard wood anatomy techniques. Soil samples were collected and subjected to a nutrient analysis. Wood was described quali and quantitatively. The qualitative wood anatomical features of both populations were similar. Some quantitative differences were observed. In MAQ area, the levels of macro- and micronutrients were higher than in SJS. Its population presented higher vessel frequency, thicker-walled fibers, and lower vulnerability index. SJS's population had longer fibers, wider rays and a higher ray frequency, and higher vulnerability index. This suite of characters indicates that the MAQ population has a safer and more efficient xylem structure for water conduction. Under the influence of similar climate and soil type, differences regarding wood anatomical traits found between the two populations of Ficus cestrifolia can thus be regarded as an ecological response to the micro-environmental soils nutrients composition.
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22
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Liang B, Gao T, Zhao Q, Ma C, Chen Q, Wei Z, Li C, Li C, Ma F. Effects of Exogenous Dopamine on the Uptake, Transport, and Resorption of Apple Ionome Under Moderate Drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:755. [PMID: 29922323 PMCID: PMC5996283 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of water deficits is expected to increase because of global warming. Drought stress is often one of the most limiting factors for plant growth. We conducted greenhouse pot experiments to address how dopamine affects the drought-resistance traits of apple trees at the physiological and molecular levels. Our factorial design consisted of dopamine and no-dopamine applications combined with well-watered and moderate-drought conditions. Seedling biomass, photosynthesis rates, chlorophyll concentrations, and stomatal apertures were markedly reduced under stress but dopamine treatment mitigated the inhibiting effects of drought on plant growth and helped maintain strong photosynthesis, chlorophyll levels, and stomatal functioning. Concentrations of most macro-, micro-, and trace elements decreased in response to drought. This stress also diminished the uptake and transport of elements in the leaves and stems, but increased the partitioning of elements in the roots. Nutrient resorption proficiency decreased while nutrient resorption efficiency increased for most analyzed elements. Exogenous dopamine significantly increased the concentrations, uptake, and transport of nutrients under drought stress, and also altered their distribution within the whole plant. However, this molecule had a negative effect on nutrient resorption. Although transcript levels of a key chlorophyll degradation gene, pheide a oxygenase, and senescence-associate gene 12 were elevated upon drought treatment, dopamine significantly suppressed the upregulation of those genes under such stress conditions. These observations indicate that dopamine has an important anti-senescence effect that might be helpful for regulating nutrient uptake, transport, and resorption, and ultimately influencing overall plant growth. Thus, understanding the role of dopamine in drought tolerance introduces new possibilities to use this compound for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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23
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Zhang H, Li W, Adams HD, Wang A, Wu J, Jin C, Guan D, Yuan F. Responses of Woody Plant Functional Traits to Nitrogen Addition: A Meta-Analysis of Leaf Economics, Gas Exchange, and Hydraulic Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:683. [PMID: 29875787 PMCID: PMC5974508 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has been found to significantly affect plant growth and physiological performance in terrestrial ecosystems. Many individual studies have investigated how N addition influences plant functional traits, however these investigations have usually been limited to a single species, and thereby do not allow derivation of general patterns or underlying mechanisms. We synthesized data from 56 papers and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the general responses of 15 variables related to leaf economics, gas exchange, and hydraulic traits to N addition among 61 woody plant species, primarily from temperate and subtropical regions. Results showed that under N addition, leaf area index (+10.3%), foliar N content (+7.3%), intrinsic water-use efficiency (+3.1%) and net photosynthetic rate (+16.1%) significantly increased, while specific leaf area, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate did not change. For plant hydraulics, N addition significantly increased vessel diameter (+7.0%), hydraulic conductance in stems/shoots (+6.7%), and water potential corresponding to 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50, +21.5%; i.e., P50 became less negative), while water potential in leaves (-6.7%) decreased (became more negative). N addition had little effect on vessel density, hydraulic conductance in leaves and roots, or water potential in stems/shoots. N addition had greater effects on gymnosperms than angiosperms and ammonium nitrate fertilization had larger effects than fertilization with urea, and high levels of N addition affected more traits than low levels. Our results demonstrate that N addition has coupled effects on both carbon and water dynamics of woody plants. Increased leaf N, likely fixed in photosynthetic enzymes and pigments leads to higher photosynthesis and water use efficiency, which may increase leaf growth, as reflected in LAI results. These changes appear to have downstream effects on hydraulic function through increases in vessel diameter, which leads to higher hydraulic conductance, but lower water potential and increased vulnerability to embolism. Overall, our results suggest that N addition will shift plant function along a tradeoff between C and hydraulic economies by enhancing C uptake while simultaneously increasing the risk of hydraulic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Henry D. Adams
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Anzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiabing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Changjie Jin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Dexin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Fenghui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
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Wang X, Agathokleous E, Qu L, Fujita S, Watanabe M, Tamai Y, Mao Q, Koyama A, Koike T. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on ectomycorrhizae community structure in hybrid larch and its parents grown in volcanic ash soil: The role of phosphorous. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:905-915. [PMID: 29055594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid industrial development and modern agricultural practices, increasing nitrogen (N) deposition can cause nutrient imbalance in immature volcanic ash soil commonly found in Japan. Larch species, widely distributed in northeast Eurasia, are associated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi which play a critical role in nutrient acquisition for their hosts. In this study, we investigated species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with a hybrid larch (F1) and its parents, Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) and Japanese larch (L. kaempferi), under simulated N deposition (0 and 100kgha-1yr-1) with/without phosphorous (P) (0 and 50kgha-1yr-1). Seedlings planted in immature volcanic ash with low nutrient availability were subjected to the N and P treatments for fifteen months. We found that response of ECM community structure to the increased nutrient availability depended on host genotypes. Nutrient addition significantly affected ECM structure in Japanese larch, but no such significant effect was found for Dahurian larch. Effects of the nutrient addition to ECM fungal community in F1 were intermediate. F1 was tolerant to high N loading, which was due to consistent, relatively high association with Suillus sp. and Hebeloma sp. F1 showed heterosis in relative biomass, which was most apparent under high N treatments. This co-variation of ECM fungal community structure and F1 biomass in response to N loading suggest that ECM community structure might play an important role in host growth. The present findings indicate effects of N deposition on ECM fungal community structure can depend on larch species, thus it is challenging to predict general trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan; Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Laiye Qu
- Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences, Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Saki Fujita
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Qiaozhi Mao
- College of Resource and Environment, Southeast University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Akihiro Koyama
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
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25
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Tomasella M, Beikircher B, Häberle KH, Hesse B, Kallenbach C, Matyssek R, Mayr S. Acclimation of branch and leaf hydraulics in adult Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a forest through-fall exclusion experiment. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:198-211. [PMID: 29177459 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing water availability due to climate change poses the question of whether and to what extent tree species are able to hydraulically acclimate and how hydraulic traits of stems and leaves are coordinated under drought. In a through-fall exclusion experiment, hydraulic acclimation was analyzed in a mixed forest stand of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. In drought-stressed (TE, through-fall exclusion over 2 years) and control (CO) trees, hydraulic vulnerability was studied in branches as well as in leaves (F. sylvatica) and end-twigs (P. abies, entirely formed during the drought period) sampled at the same height in sun-exposed portions of the tree crown. In addition, relevant xylem anatomical traits and leaf pressure-volume relations were analyzed. The TE trees reached pre-dawn water potentials down to -1.6 MPa. In both species, water potentials at 50% loss of xylem hydraulic conductivity were ~0.4 MPa more negative in TE than in CO branches. Foliage hydraulic vulnerability (expressed as water potential at 50% loss of leaf/end-twig hydraulic conductance) and water potential at turgor loss point were also, respectively, 0.4 and 0.5 MPa lower in TE trees. Minor differences were observed in conduit mean hydraulic diameter and cell wall reinforcement. Our findings indicate significant and fast hydraulic acclimation under relatively mild drought in both tree species. Acclimation was well coordinated between branches and foliage, which might be essential for survival and productivity of mature trees under future drought periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tomasella
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair for Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Barbara Beikircher
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Häberle
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair for Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Benjamin Hesse
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair for Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Kallenbach
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair for Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Rainer Matyssek
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Chair for Ecophysiology of Plants, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Stefan Mayr
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Gessler A, Schaub M, McDowell NG. The role of nutrients in drought-induced tree mortality and recovery. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:513-520. [PMID: 27891619 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contents 513 I. 513 II. 514 III. 517 518 References 518 SUMMARY: Global forests are experiencing rising temperatures and more severe droughts, with consistently dire forecasts for negative future impacts. Current research on the physiological mechanisms underlying drought impacts is focused on the water- and carbon-associated mechanisms. The role of nutrients is notably missing from this research agenda. Here, we investigate what role, if any, forest nutrition plays for survival and recovery of forests during and after drought. High nutrient availability may play a detrimental role in drought survival due to preferential biomass allocation aboveground that (1) predispose plants to hydraulic constraints limiting photosynthesis and promoting hydraulic failure, (2) increases carbon costs during periods of carbon starvation, and (3) promote biotic attack due to low tissue carbon: nitrogen (C : N). When nutrient uptake occurs during drought, high nutrient availability can increase water use efficiency thus minimizing negative feedbacks between carbon and nutrient balance. Nutrients are released after drought ceases, which might promote faster recovery but the temporal dynamics of microbial immobilization and nutrient leaching have a significant impact on nutrient availability. We provide a framework for understanding nutrient impacts on drought survival that allows a more complete analysis of forest ecosystem responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
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27
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Camarero JJ, Carrer M, Way D. Bridging long-term wood functioning and nitrogen deposition to better understand changes in tree growth and forest productivity. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1-3. [PMID: 28175915 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - Marco Carrer
- Dip. TeSAF, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
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28
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Borghetti M, Gentilesca T, Leonardi S, van Noije T, Rita A, Mencuccini M. Long-term temporal relationships between environmental conditions and xylem functional traits: a meta-analysis across a range of woody species along climatic and nitrogen deposition gradients. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:4-17. [PMID: 28173594 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to provide a quantitative description of the long-term effects of environmental variability on xylem functional traits, in order to better assess xylem capacity to change in response to climate change. Twenty-six sites throughout the world, primarily in Europe, were chosen where results from long-term measurements of anatomical traits were previously published. Published data on long-term xylem anatomy (conduit size and density) and ring width variability were compiled across a range of tree species, which was subsequently related to variability in temperature, precipitation and nitrogen deposition rates across the study sites using generalized additive models and Bayesian methods. We found some appreciable relationships between xylem traits (conduit area Ac and conduit density Dc) and environmental variables; whereas combined trait indices (lumen fraction: Ac × Dc and vessel composition: Ac/Dc) were found to be rather constant across a wide range of environmental conditions and to be decoupled from tree growth rates. Overall, results suggested xylem traits coordinated towards a homeostasis in xylem function, which appeared to act across a wide range of environmental conditions. Results showed also nitrogen deposition was associated with xylem traits and vessel composition: increased nitrogen availability due to nitrogen deposition might facilitate construction of a xylem structure efficient for water transport, and concurrently provide capacity to withstand the risks of drought-induced embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Borghetti
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy
| | - Tiziana Gentilesca
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, viale Usberti 11, Parma, Italy
| | - Twan van Noije
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), AE De Bilt, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Rita
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università della Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza, Italy
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29
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Medeiros JS, Tomeo NJ, Hewins CR, Rosenthal DM. Fast-growing Acer rubrum differs from slow-growing Quercus alba in leaf, xylem and hydraulic trait coordination responses to simulated acid rain. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1032-1044. [PMID: 27231270 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of historic soil chemistry changes associated with acid rain, i.e., reduced soil pH and a shift from nitrogen (N)- to phosphorus (P)-limitation, on the coordination of leaf water demand and xylem hydraulic supply traits in two co-occurring temperate tree species differing in growth rate. Using a full-factorial design (N × P × pH), we measured leaf nutrient content, water relations, leaf-level and canopy-level gas exchange, total biomass and allocation, as well as stem xylem anatomy and hydraulic function for greenhouse-grown saplings of fast-growing Acer rubrum (L.) and slow-growing Quercus alba (L.). We used principle component analysis to characterize trait coordination. We found that N-limitation, but not P-limitation, had a significant impact on plant water relations and hydraulic coordination of both species. Fast-growing A. rubrum made hydraulic adjustments in response to N-limitation, but trait coordination was variable within treatments and did not fully compensate for changing allocation across N-availability. For slow-growing Q. alba, N-limitation engendered more strict coordination of leaf and xylem traits, resulting in similar leaf water content and hydraulic function across all treatments. Finally, low pH reduced the propensity of both species to adjust leaf water relations and xylem anatomical traits in response to nutrient manipulations. Our data suggest that a shift from N- to P-limitation has had a negative impact on the water relations and hydraulic function of A. rubrum to a greater extent than for Q. alba We suggest that current expansion of A. rubrum populations could be tempered by acidic N-deposition, which may restrict it to more mesic microsites. The disruption of hydraulic acclimation and coordination at low pH is emphasized as an interesting area of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas J Tomeo
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - David M Rosenthal
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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30
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Wang AY, Wang M, Yang D, Song J, Zhang WW, Han SJ, Hao GY. Responses of hydraulics at the whole-plant level to simulated nitrogen deposition of different levels in Fraxinus mandshurica. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1045-1055. [PMID: 27259635 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to have great impact on forest ecosystems by affecting many aspects of plant-environmental interactions, one of which involves its influences on plant water relations through modifications of plant hydraulic architecture. However, there is a surprising lack of integrative study on tree hydraulic architecture responses to N deposition, especially at the whole-plant level. In the present study, we used a 5-year N addition experiment to simulate the effects of six different levels of N deposition (20-120 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) on growth and whole-plant hydraulic conductance of a dominant tree species (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) from the typical temperate forest of NE China. The results showed that alleviation of N limitation by moderate concentrations of fertilization (20-80 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) promoted plant growth, but further N additions on top of the threshold level showed negative effects on plant growth. Growth responses of F. mandshurica seedlings to N addition of different concentrations were accompanied by corresponding changes in whole-plant hydraulic conductance; higher growth rate was accompanied by reduced whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and higher leaf water-use efficiency. A detailed analysis on hydraulic conductance of different components of the whole-plant water transport pathway revealed that changes in root and leaf hydraulic conductance, rather than that of the stem, were responsible for Kplant responses to N fertilization. Both plant growth and hydraulic architecture responses to increasing levels of N addition were not linear, i.e., the correlation between measured parameters and N availability exhibited bell-shaped curves with peak values observed at medium levels of N fertilization. Changes in hydraulic architecture in response to fertilization found in the present study may represent an important underlying mechanism for the commonly observed changes in water-related tree performances in response to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China
| | - Da Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jia Song
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China
| | - Shi-Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China
| | - Guang-You Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110010, China
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Corlett RT. The Impacts of Droughts in Tropical Forests. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:584-593. [PMID: 26994658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests exchange more carbon dioxide (CO2) with the atmosphere than any other vegetation type and, thus, form a crucial component of the global carbon cycle. However, the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on drought occurrence and intensity could weaken the tropical forest carbon sink, with resulting feedback to future climates. We urgently need a better understanding of the mechanisms and processes involved to predict future responses of tropical forest carbon sequestration to climate change. Recent progress has been made in the study of drought responses at the molecular, cellular, organ, individual, species, community, and landscape levels. Although understanding of the mechanisms is incomplete, the models used to predict drought impacts could be significantly improved by incorporating existing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Corlett
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.
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Schuldt B, Knutzen F, Delzon S, Jansen S, Müller-Haubold H, Burlett R, Clough Y, Leuschner C. How adaptable is the hydraulic system of European beech in the face of climate change-related precipitation reduction? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:443-58. [PMID: 26720626 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming will increase the drought exposure of many forests world-wide. It is not well understood how trees adapt their hydraulic architecture to a long-term decrease in water availability. We examined 23 traits characterizing the hydraulic architecture and growth rate of branches and the dependent foliage of mature European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees along a precipitation gradient (855-594 mm yr(-1) ) on uniform soil. A main goal was to identify traits that are associated with xylem efficiency, safety and growth. Our data demonstrate for the first time a linear increase in embolism resistance with climatic aridity (by 10%) across populations within a species. Simultaneously, vessel diameter declined by 7% and pit membrane thickness (Tm ) increased by 15%. Although specific conductivity did not change, leaf-specific conductivity declined by 40% with decreasing precipitation. Of eight plant traits commonly associated with embolism resistance, only vessel density in combination with pathway redundancy and Tm were related. We did not confirm the widely assumed trade-off between xylem safety and efficiency but obtained evidence in support of a positive relationship between hydraulic efficiency and growth. We conclude that the branch hydraulic system of beech has a distinct adaptive potential to respond to a precipitation reduction as a result of the environmental control of embolism resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Schuldt
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Knutzen
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- UMR BIOGECO INRA-UB, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hilmar Müller-Haubold
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Régis Burlett
- UMR BIOGECO INRA-UB, University of Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence, France
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Faculty of Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Faustino LI, Moretti AP, Graciano C. Fertilization with urea, ammonium and nitrate produce different effects on growth, hydraulic traits and drought tolerance in Pinus taeda seedlings. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1062-1074. [PMID: 26232784 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urea fertilization decreases Pinus taeda L. growth in clay soils of subtropical areas. The negative effect of urea is related to changes in some hydraulic traits, similar to those observed in plants growing under drought. The aims of this work were (i) to determine whether different sources of nitrogen applied as fertilizers produce similar changes in growth and hydraulic traits to those observed by urea fertilization and (ii) to analyze the impact of those changes in plant drought tolerance. Plants fertilized with urea, nitrate [Formula: see text] or ammonium [Formula: see text] were grown well watered or with reduced water supply. Urea and [Formula: see text] fertilization reduced plant growth and increased root hydraulic conductance scaled by root dry weight (DW). [Formula: see text] fertilization did not reduce plant growth and increased shoot hydraulic conductance and stem hydraulic conductivity. We conclude that [Formula: see text] is the ion involved in the changes linked to the negative effect of urea fertilization on P. taeda growth. [Formula: see text] fertilization does not change drought susceptibility and it produces changes in shoot hydraulic traits, therefore plants avoid the depressive effect of fertilization. Urea and [Formula: see text] fertilizers induce changes in DW and root hydraulic conductance and consequently plants are less affected by drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Faustino
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (CONICET-UNLP), Diag 113 No. 495 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Present address: INTA EEA Delta del Paraná, CC 14 (2804), Campana, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana P Moretti
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (CONICET-UNLP), Diag 113 No. 495 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (CONICET-UNLP), Diag 113 No. 495 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zeppel MJB, Lewis JD, Phillips NG, Tissue DT. Consequences of nocturnal water loss: a synthesis of regulating factors and implications for capacitance, embolism and use in models. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:1047-55. [PMID: 25413023 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Total daily water use is a key factor influencing the growth of many terrestrial plants, and reflects both day-time and nocturnal water fluxes. However, while nocturnal sap flow (En) and stomatal conductance (gs,n) have been reported across a range of species, ecosystems and microclimatic conditions, the regulation of these fluxes remains poorly understood. Here, we present a framework describing the role of abiotic and biotic factors in regulating En and gs,n highlighting recent developments in this field. Across ecosystems, En and gs,n generally increased with increasing soil water content and vapor pressure deficit, but the interactive effects of these factors and the potential roles of wind speed and other abiotic factors remain unclear. On average, gs,n and En are higher in broad-leaved compared with needle-leaved plants, in C3 compared with C4 plants, and in tropical compared with temperate species. We discuss the impacts of leaf age, elevated [CO2] and refilling of capacitance on night-time water loss, and how nocturnal gs,n may be included in vegetation models. Younger leaves may have higher gs,n than older leaves. Embolism refilling and recharge of capacitance may affect sap flow such that total plant water loss at night may be less than estimated solely from En measurements. Our estimates of gs,n for typical plant functional types, based on the published literature, suggest that nocturnal water loss may be a significant fraction (10-25%) of total daily water loss. Counter-intuitively, elevated [CO2] may increase nocturnal water loss. Assumptions in process-based ecophysiological models and dynamic global vegetation models that gs is zero when solar radiation is zero are likely to be incorrect. Consequently, failure to adequately consider nocturnal water loss may lead to substantial under-estimation of total plant water use and inaccurate estimation of ecosystem level water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J B Zeppel
- Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - J D Lewis
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia Louis Calder Center-Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY 10504, USA
| | - N G Phillips
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - D T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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Oddo E, Inzerillo S, Grisafi F, Sajeva M, Salleo S, Nardini A. Does short-term potassium fertilization improve recovery from drought stress in laurel? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:906-913. [PMID: 24488799 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Xylem hydraulic conductance varies in response to changes in sap solute content, and in particular of potassium (K(+)) ion concentration. This phenomenon, known as the 'ionic effect', is enhanced in embolized stems, where it can compensate for cavitation-induced loss of hydraulic conductance. Previous studies have shown that in well-watered laurel plants (Laurus nobilis L.), potassium concentration of the xylem sap and plant hydraulic conductance increased 24 h after fertilization with KCl. The aim of this work was to test whether water-stressed laurel plants, grown under low potassium availability, could recover earlier from stress when irrigated with a KCl solution instead of potassium-free water. Two-year-old potted laurel seedlings were subjected to water stress by suspending irrigation until leaf conductance to water vapour (g(L)) dropped to ∼30% of its initial value and leaf water potential (ψ(L)) reached the turgor loss point (ψ(TLP)). Plants were then irrigated either with water or with 25 mM KCl and monitored for water status, gas exchange and plant hydraulics recovery at 3, 6 and 24 h after irrigation. No significant differences were found between the two experimental groups in terms of ψ(L), g(L), plant transpiration, plant hydraulic conductance or leaf-specific shoot hydraulic conductivity. Analysis of xylem sap potassium concentration showed that there were no significant differences between treatments, and potassium levels were similar to those of potassium-starved but well-watered plants. In conclusion, potassium uptake from the soil solution and/or potassium release to the xylem appeared to be impaired in water-stressed plants, at least up to 24 h after relief from water stress, so that fertilization after the onset of stress did not result in any short-term advantage for recovery from drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Oddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Inzerillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Grisafi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università di Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sajeva
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Salleo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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Villagra M, Campanello PI, Bucci SJ, Goldstein G. Functional relationships between leaf hydraulics and leaf economic traits in response to nutrient addition in subtropical tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 33:1308-18. [PMID: 24284866 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpt098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaves can be both a hydraulic bottleneck and a safety valve against hydraulic catastrophic dysfunctions, and thus changes in traits related to water movement in leaves and associated costs may be critical for the success of plant growth. A 4-year fertilization experiment with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition was done in a semideciduous Atlantic forest in northeastern Argentina. Saplings of five dominant canopy species were grown in similar gaps inside the forests (five control and five N + P addition plots). Leaf lifespan (LL), leaf mass per unit area (LMA), leaf and stem vulnerability to cavitation, leaf hydraulic conductance (K(leaf_area) and K(leaf_mass)) and leaf turgor loss point (TLP) were measured in the five species and in both treatments. Leaf lifespan tended to decrease with the addition of fertilizers, and LMA was significantly higher in plants with nutrient addition compared with individuals in control plots. The vulnerability to cavitation of leaves (P50(leaf)) either increased or decreased with the nutrient treatment depending on the species, but the average P50(leaf) did not change with nutrient addition. The P50(leaf) decreased linearly with increasing LMA and LL across species and treatments. These trade-offs have an important functional significance because more expensive (higher LMA) and less vulnerable leaves (lower P50(leaf)) are retained for a longer period of time. Osmotic potentials at TLP and at full turgor became more negative with decreasing P50(leaf) regardless of nutrient treatment. The K(leaf) on a mass basis was negatively correlated with LMA and LL, indicating that there is a carbon cost associated with increased water transport that is compensated by a longer LL. The vulnerability to cavitation of stems and leaves were similar, particularly in fertilized plants. Leaves in the species studied may not function as safety valves at low water potentials to protect the hydraulic pathway from water stress-induced cavitation. The lack of rainfall seasonality in the subtropical forest studied probably does not act as a selective pressure to enhance hydraulic segmentation between leaves and stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Villagra
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias. Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 2 piso, Ciudad de Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), Argentina
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