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Wang Z, Wang X, Han B, Liu D, Wang C. Balance between carbon gain and loss in warmer environments: impacts on photosynthesis and leaf respiration in four temperate tree species. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae070. [PMID: 38905287 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivities of photosynthesis and respiration remain a key uncertainty in predicting how forests will respond to climate warming. We grew seedlings of four temperate tree species, including Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica and Tilia amurensis, at three temperature regimes (ambient, +2 °C, and +4 °C in daytime air temperature). We investigated net photosynthesis (Anet25), maximum rate of RuBP-carboxylation (Vcmax25) and RuBP-regeneration (Jmax25), stomatal conductance (gs25), mesophyll conductance (gm25), and leaf respiration (Rleaf) in dark (Rdark25) and in light (Rlight25) at 25 °C in all species. Additionally, we examined the temperature sensitivities of Anet, Vcmax, Jmax, Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica. Our findings showed that the warming-induced decreases in Anet25, Vcmax25 and Jmax25 were more prevalent in the late-successional species T. amurensis. Warming had negative impacts on gs25 in all species. Overall, Anet25 was positively correlated with Vcmax25 and Jmax25 across all growth temperatures. However, a positive correlation between Anet25 and gs25 was observed only under warming conditions, and gs25 was negatively associated with vapor pressure deficit. This implies that the vapor pressure deficit-induced decrease in gs25 was responsible for the decline in Anet25 at higher temperatures. The optimum temperature of Anet in F. mandshurica increased by 0.59 °C per 1.0 °C rise in growth temperature. While +2 °C elevated the thermal optima of Jmax, it did not affect the other temperature sensitivity parameters of Vcmax and Jmax. Rdark25 was not affected by warming in any species, and Rlight25 was stimulated in T. amurensis. The temperature response curves of Rdark and Rlight in F. mandshurica were not altered by warming, implying a lack of thermal acclimation. The ratios of Rdark25 and Rlight25 to Anet25 and Vcmax25 in T. amurensis increased with warming. These results suggest that Anet and Rleaf did not acclimate to warming synchronously in these temperate tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingxin Han
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Di Liu
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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Li X, Chen X, Li J, Wu P, Hu D, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Respiration in light of evergreen and deciduous woody species and its links to the leaf economic spectrum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad129. [PMID: 37847610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration in the light (Rlight) is crucial for understanding the net CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems. However, Rlight is poorly quantified and rarely discussed in the context of the leaf economic spectrum (LES), especially among woody species differing in plant functional types (PFTs) (e.g., evergreen vs. deciduous species). To address this gap in our knowledge, Rlight, respiration in the dark (Rdark), light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and maximum carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport rates (Jmax) of 54 representative subtropical woody evergreen and deciduous species were measured. With the exception of LMA, the parameters quantified in this study were significantly higher in deciduous species than in evergreen species. The degree of light inhibition did not significantly differ between evergreen (52%) and deciduous (50%) species. Rlight was significantly correlated with LES traits such as Asat, Rdark, LMA, N and P. The Rlight vs. Rdark and N relationships shared common slopes between evergreen and deciduous species, but significantly differed in their y-intercepts, in which the rates of Rlight were slower or faster for any given Rdark or N in deciduous species, respectively. A model for Rlight based on three traits (i.e., Rdark, LMA and P) had an explanatory power of 84.9%. These results show that there is a link between Rlight and the LES, and highlight that PFTs is an important factor in affecting Rlight and the relationships of Rlight with Rdark and N. Thus, this study provides information that can improve the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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Zheng DM, Wang X, Liu Q, Sun YR, Ma WT, Li L, Yang Z, Tcherkez G, Adams MA, Yang Y, Gong XY. Temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness are similar and modulated by leaf development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1435-1446. [PMID: 37997699 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to predict temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness (RL and RDk ) is essential to models of global carbon dynamics. While many models rely on constant thermal sensitivity (characterized by Q10 ), uncertainty remains as to whether Q10 of RL and RDk are actually similar. We measured short-term temperature responses of RL and RDk in immature and mature leaves of two evergreen tree species, Castanopsis carlesii and Ormosia henry in an open field. RL was estimated by the Kok method, the Yin method and a newly developed Kok-iterCc method. When estimated by the Yin and Kok-iterCc methods, RL and RDk had similar Q10 (c. 2.5). The Kok method overestimated both Q10 and the light inhibition of respiration. RL /RDk was not affected by leaf temperature. Acclimation of respiration in summer was associated with a decline in basal respiration but not in Q10 in both species, which was related to changes in leaf nitrogen content between seasons. Q10 of RL and RDk in mature leaves were 40% higher than in immature leaves. Our results suggest similar Q10 values can be used to model RL and RDk while leaf development-associated changes in Q10 require special consideration in future respiration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yan Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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Roy S, Kapoor R, Mathur P. Revisiting Changes in Growth, Physiology and Stress Responses of Plants under the Effect of Enhanced CO2 and Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:4-19. [PMID: 37935412 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has universally affected the whole ecosystem in a unified manner and is known to have improbable effects on agricultural productivity and food security. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature are the major environmental factors that have been shown to increase sharply during the last century and are directly responsible for affecting plant growth and development. A number of previous investigations have deliberated the positive effects of elevated CO2 on plant growth and development of various C3 crops, while detrimental effects of enhanced temperature on different crop plants like rice, wheat, maize and legumes are generally observed. A combined effect of elevated CO2 and temperature has yet to be studied in great detail; therefore, this review attempts to delineate the interactive effects of enhanced CO2 and temperature on plant growth, development, physiological and molecular responses. Elevated CO2 maintains leaf photosynthesis rate, respiration, transpiration and stomatal conductance in the presence of elevated temperature and sustains plant growth and productivity in the presence of both these environmental factors. Concomitantly, their interaction also affects the nutritional quality of seeds and leads to alterations in the composition of secondary metabolites. Elevated CO2 and temperature modulate phytohormone concentration in plants, and due to this fact, both environmental factors have substantial effects on abiotic and biotic stresses. Elevated CO2 and temperature have been shown to have mitigating effects on plants in the presence of other abiotic stress agents like drought and salinity, while no such pattern has been observed in the presence of biotic stress agents. This review focuses on the interactive effects of enhanced CO2 and temperature on different plants and is the first of its kind to deliver their combined responses in such detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal 734013, India
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Schmiege SC, Sharkey TD, Walker B, Hammer J, Way DA. Laisk measurements in the nonsteady state: Tests in plants exposed to warming and variable CO2 concentrations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1045-1057. [PMID: 37232396 PMCID: PMC10517191 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light respiration (RL) is an important component of plant carbon balance and a key parameter in photosynthesis models. RL is often measured using the Laisk method, a gas exchange technique that is traditionally employed under steady-state conditions. However, a nonsteady-state dynamic assimilation technique (DAT) may allow for more rapid Laisk measurements. In 2 studies, we examined the efficacy of DAT for estimating RL and the parameter Ci* (the intercellular CO2 concentration where Rubisco's oxygenation velocity is twice its carboxylation velocity), which is also derived from the Laisk technique. In the first study, we compared DAT and steady-state RL and Ci* estimates in paper birch (Betula papyrifera) growing under control and elevated temperature and CO2 concentrations. In the second, we compared DAT-estimated RL and Ci* in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry "NM6") exposed to high or low CO2 concentration pre-treatments. The DAT and steady-state methods provided similar RL estimates in B. papyrifera, and we found little acclimation of RL to temperature or CO2; however, Ci* was higher when measured with DAT compared to steady-state methods. These Ci* differences were amplified by the high or low CO2 pre-treatments. We propose that changes in the export of glycine from photorespiration may explain these apparent differences in Ci*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Thomas D Sharkey
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Berkley Walker
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Julia Hammer
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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6
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Schmiege SC, Heskel M, Fan Y, Way DA. It's only natural: Plant respiration in unmanaged systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:710-727. [PMID: 36943293 PMCID: PMC10231469 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiration plays a key role in the terrestrial carbon cycle and is a fundamental metabolic process in all plant tissues and cells. We review respiration from the perspective of plants that grow in their natural habitat and how it is influenced by wide-ranging elements at different scales, from metabolic substrate availability to shifts in climate. Decades of field-based measurements have honed our understanding of the biological and environmental controls on leaf, root, stem, and whole-organism respiration. Despite this effort, there remain gaps in our knowledge within and across species and ecosystems, especially in more challenging-to-measure tissues like roots. Recent databases of respiration rates and associated leaf traits from species representing diverse biomes, plant functional types, and regional climates have allowed for a wider-lens view at modeling this important CO2 flux. We also re-analyze published data sets to show that maximum leaf respiration rates (Rmax) in species from around the globe are related both to leaf economic traits and environmental variables (precipitation and air temperature), but that root respiration does not follow the same latitudinal trends previously published for leaf data. We encourage the ecophysiological community to continue to expand their study of plant respiration in tissues that are difficult to measure and at the whole plant and ecosystem levels to address outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Schmiege
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Heskel
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, MN, USA 55105
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, N6A 3K7, London, ON, Canada
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Environmental & Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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7
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Burgess AJ. Breath of green life: Reduction in plant day and night respiration under elevated CO2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:31-33. [PMID: 36787227 PMCID: PMC10152654 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Burgess
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Faber AH, Griffin KL, Tjoelker MG, Pagter M, Yang J, Bruhn D. Consistent diurnal pattern of leaf respiration in the light among contrasting species and climates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:71-85. [PMID: 35727175 PMCID: PMC9544685 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf daytime respiration (leaf respiration in the light, RL ) is often assumed to constitute a fixed fraction of leaf dark respiration (RD ) (i.e. a fixed light inhibition of respiration (RD )) and vary diurnally due to temperature fluctuations. These assumptions were tested by measuring RL , RD and the light inhibition of RD in the field at a constant temperature using the Kok method. Measurements were conducted diurnally on 21 different species: 13 deciduous, four evergreen and four herbaceous from humid continental and humid subtropical climates. RL and RD showed significant diurnal variations and the diurnal pattern differed in trajectory and magnitude between climates, but not between plant functional types (PFTs). The light inhibition of RD varied diurnally and differed between climates and in trajectory between PFTs. The results highlight the entrainment of leaf daytime respiration to the diurnal cycle and that time of day should be accounted for in studies seeking to examine the environmental and biological drivers of leaf daytime respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H. Faber
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesColumbia UniversityPalisadesNY10964USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNY10964USA
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2750Australia
| | - Majken Pagter
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2750Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
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Kong RS, Way DA, Henry HAL, Smith NG. Stomatal conductance, not biochemistry, drives low temperature acclimation of photosynthesis in Populus balsamifera, regardless of nitrogen availability. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:766-779. [PMID: 35398958 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature thermal acclimation may require adjustments to N and water use to sustain photosynthesis because of slow enzyme functioning and high water viscosity. However, understanding of photosynthetic acclimation to temperatures below 11 °C is limited. We acclimated Populus balsamifera to 6 °C and 10 °C (6A and 10A, respectively) and provided the trees with either high or low N fertilizer. We measured net CO2 assimilation (Anet ), stomatal conductance (gs ), maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax ), electron transport (Jmax ) and dark respiration (Rd ) at leaf temperatures of 2, 6, 10, 14 and 18 °C, along with leaf N concentrations. The 10A trees had higher Anet than the 6A trees at warmer leaf temperatures, which was correlated with higher gs in the 10A trees. The instantaneous temperature responses of Vcmax , Jmax and Rd were similar for trees from both acclimation temperatures. While soil N availability increased leaf N concentrations, this had no effect on acclimation of photosynthesis or respiration. Our results indicate that acclimation below 11 °C occurred primarily through changes in stomatal conductance, not photosynthetic biochemistry, and was unaffected by short-term N supply. Thermal acclimation of stomatal conductance should therefore be a priority for future carbon cycle model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Kong
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - D A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, USA
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Upton, NY, USA
| | - H A L Henry
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - N G Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Chandregowda MH, Tjoelker MG, Power SA, Pendall E. Drought and warming alter gross primary production allocation and reduce productivity in a widespread pasture grass. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2271-2291. [PMID: 35419849 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allocation determines plant growth, fitness and reproductive success. However, climate warming and drought impacts on carbon allocation patterns in grasses are not well known, particularly following grazing or clipping. A widespread C3 pasture grass, Festuca arundinacea, was grown at 26 and 30°C in controlled environment chambers and subjected to drought (65% reduction relative to well-watered controls). Leaf, root and whole-plant carbon fluxes were measured and linked to growth before and after clipping. Both drought and warming reduced gross primary production and plant biomass. Drought reduced net leaf photosynthesis but increased the leaf respiratory fraction of assimilated carbon. Warming increased root respiration but did not affect either net leaf photosynthesis or leaf respiration. There was no evidence of thermal acclimation. Moreover, root respiratory carbon loss was amplified in the combined drought and warming treatment and, in addition to a negative carbon balance aboveground, explained an enhanced reduction in plant biomass. Plant regrowth following clipping was strongly suppressed by drought, reflecting increased tiller mortality and exacerbated respiratory carbon loss. These findings emphasize the importance of considering carbon allocation patterns in response to grazing or clipping and interactions with climatic factors for sustainable pasture production in a future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunatha H Chandregowda
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally A Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Fang L, Yin X, van der Putten PEL, Martre P, Struik PC. Drought exerts a greater influence than growth temperature on the temperature response of leaf day respiration in wheat (Triticum aestivum). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2062-2077. [PMID: 35357701 PMCID: PMC9324871 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We assessed how the temperature response of leaf day respiration (Rd ) in wheat responded to contrasting water regimes and growth temperatures. In Experiment 1, well-watered and drought-stressed conditions were imposed on two genotypes; in Experiment 2, the two water regimes combined with high (HT), medium (MT) and low (LT) growth temperatures were imposed on one of the genotypes. Rd was estimated from simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements at six leaf temperatures (Tleaf ) for each treatment, using the Yin method for nonphotorespiratory conditions and the nonrectangular hyperbolic fitting method for photorespiratory conditions. The two genotypes responded similarly to growth and measurement conditions. Estimates of Rd for nonphotorespiratory conditions were generally higher than those for photorespiratory conditions, but their responses to Tleaf were similar. Under well-watered conditions, Rd and its sensitivity to Tleaf slightly acclimated to LT, but did not acclimate to HT. Temperature sensitivities of Rd were considerably suppressed by drought, and the suppression varied among growth temperatures. Thus, it is necessary to quantify interactions between drought and growth temperature for reliably modelling Rd under climate change. Our study also demonstrated that the Kok method, one of the currently popular methods for estimating Rd , underestimated Rd significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter E. L. van der Putten
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Pierre Martre
- LEPSE, Institut Agro SupAgro, INRAE, Univ MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Department of Plant Sciences, Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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12
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Dai M, Wang T, Wang Y, Xu J. Effects of Warming and Phosphorus Enrichment on the C:N:P Stoichiometry of Potamogeton crispus Organs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814255. [PMID: 35422837 PMCID: PMC9002266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The loss of submerged macrophytes from freshwater ecosystems is accelerating owing to the combined effects of eutrophication and climate change. Submerged macrophytes depend on spring clear water; however, increased water temperatures and excessive phosphorus (P) inputs often lead to the dominance of phytoplankton. It is still not clear how the stoichiometric characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P in different tissues of submerged macrophytes respond to P enrichment and temperature increases. In this study, we established 36 mesocosm ecosystems to explore the effects of warming and P addition on the leaf, turion, stem, and seed stoichiometry of Potamogeton crispus. The results revealed that different functional plant organs show distinct responses to P addition and warming, which demonstrates the importance of evaluating the responses of different submerged macrophyte organs to environmental changes. In addition, interactive effects between P addition and warming were observed in the leaf, turion, and seed C:N:P stoichiometry, which highlights the importance of multifactorial studies. Our data showed that warming caused a decrease in the C content in most organs, with the exception of the stem; P addition increased the P content in most organs, with the exception of seed; N content in the turion and seed were influenced by interactive effects. Collectively, P addition could help P. crispus to resist the adverse effects of high temperatures by aiding growth and asexual reproduction, and asexual propagules were found to be more sensitive to P enrichment than sexual propagules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Dai
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyu Wang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sturchio MA, Chieppa J, Chapman SK, Canas G, Aspinwall MJ. Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration differs between marsh and mangrove vegetation in a coastal wetland ecotone. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:612-629. [PMID: 34653300 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration (R) is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to temperature and the magnitude of temperature-CO2 feedbacks as climate warms. Yet, the extent to which temperature acclimation of R exhibits a common pattern across different growth conditions, ecosystems, and plant functional types remains unclear. Here, we measured the short-term temperature response of R at six time points over a 10-month period in two coastal wetland species (Avicennia germinans [C3 mangrove] and Spartina alterniflora [C4 marsh grass]) growing under ambient and experimentally warmed temperatures at two sites in a marsh-mangrove ecotone. Leaf nitrogen (N) was determined on a subsample of leaves to explore potential coupling of R and N. We hypothesized that both species would reduce R at 25°C (R25 ) and the short-term temperature sensitivity of R (Q10 ) as air temperature (Tair ) increased across seasons, but the decline would be stronger in Avicennia than in Spartina. For each species, we hypothesized that seasonal temperature acclimation of R would be equivalent in plants grown under ambient and warmed temperatures, demonstrating convergent acclimation. Surprisingly, Avicennia generally increased R25 with increasing growth temperature, although the Q10 declined as seasonal temperatures increased and did so consistently across sites and treatments. Weak temperature acclimation resulted in reduced homeostasis of R in Avicennia. Spartina reduced R25 and the Q10 as seasonal temperatures increased. In Spartina, seasonal temperature acclimation was largely consistent across sites and treatments resulting in greater respiratory homeostasis. We conclude that co-occurring coastal wetland species may show contrasting patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation. Nonetheless, leaf N scaled positively with R25 in both species, highlighting the importance of leaf N in predicting respiratory capacity across a range of growth temperatures. The patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation shown here may improve the predictions of temperature controls of CO2 fluxes in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha K Chapman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriela Canas
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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14
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Dusenge ME, Wittemann M, Mujawamariya M, Ntawuhiganayo EB, Zibera E, Ntirugulirwa B, Way DA, Nsabimana D, Uddling J, Wallin G. Limited thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in tropical montane tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4860-4878. [PMID: 34233063 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity of physiological processes and growth of tropical trees remains a key uncertainty in predicting how tropical forests will adjust to future climates. In particular, our knowledge regarding warming responses of photosynthesis, and its underlying biochemical mechanisms, is very limited. We grew seedlings of two tropical montane rainforest tree species, the early-successional species Harungana montana and the late-successional species Syzygium guineense, at three different sites along an elevation gradient, differing by 6.8℃ in daytime ambient air temperature. Their physiological and growth performance was investigated at each site. The optimum temperature of net photosynthesis (ToptA ) did not significantly increase in warm-grown trees in either species. Similarly, the thermal optima (ToptV and ToptJ ) and activation energies (EaV and EaJ ) of maximum Rubisco carboxylation capacity (Vcmax ) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax ) were largely unaffected by warming. However, Vcmax , Jmax and foliar dark respiration (Rd ) at 25℃ were significantly reduced by warming in both species, and this decline was partly associated with concomitant reduction in total leaf nitrogen content. The ratio of Jmax /Vcmax decreased with increasing leaf temperature for both species, but the ratio at 25℃ was constant across sites. Furthermore, in H. montana, stomatal conductance at 25℃ remained constant across the different temperature treatments, while in S. guineense it increased with warming. Total dry biomass increased with warming in H. montana but remained constant in S. guineense. The biomass allocated to roots, stem and leaves was not affected by warming in H. montana, whereas the biomass allocated to roots significantly increased in S. guineense. Overall, our findings show that in these two tropical montane rainforest tree species, the capacity to acclimate the thermal optimum of photosynthesis is limited while warming-induced reductions in respiration and photosynthetic capacity rates are tightly coupled and linked to responses of leaf nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
| | - Elisée B Ntawuhiganayo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Huye, Rwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Huye, Rwanda
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry, Biodiversity and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Dusenge ME, Ward EJ, Warren JM, Stinziano JR, Wullschleger SD, Hanson PJ, Way DA. Warming induces divergent stomatal dynamics in co-occurring boreal trees. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3079-3094. [PMID: 33784426 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming will alter photosynthesis and respiration not only via direct temperature effects on leaf biochemistry but also by increasing atmospheric dryness, thereby reducing stomatal conductance and suppressing photosynthesis. Our knowledge on how climate warming affects these processes is mainly derived from seedlings grown under highly controlled conditions. However, little is known regarding temperature responses of trees growing under field settings. We exposed mature tamarack and black spruce trees growing in a peatland ecosystem to whole-ecosystem warming of up to +9°C above ambient air temperatures in an ongoing long-term experiment (SPRUCE: Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments). Here, we report the responses of leaf gas exchange after the first two years of warming. We show that the two species exhibit divergent stomatal responses to warming and vapor pressure deficit. Warming of up to 9°C increased leaf N in both spruce and tamarack. However, higher leaf N in the warmer plots translate into higher photosynthesis in tamarack but not in spruce, with photosynthesis being more constrained by stomatal limitations in spruce than in tamarack under warm conditions. Surprisingly, dark respiration did not acclimate to warming in spruce, and thermal acclimation of respiration was only seen in tamarack once changes in leaf N were considered. Our results highlight how warming can lead to differing stomatal responses to warming in co-occurring species, with consequent effects on both vegetation carbon and water dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi E Dusenge
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eric J Ward
- US Geological Survey, Lafayette, LA, USA
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Warren
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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16
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Mujawamariya M, Wittemann M, Manishimwe A, Ntirugulirwa B, Zibera E, Nsabimana D, Wallin G, Uddling J, Dusenge ME. Complete or overcompensatory thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration in African tropical trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2548-2561. [PMID: 33113226 PMCID: PMC7898918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Tropical climates are getting warmer, with pronounced dry periods in large areas. The productivity and climate feedbacks of future tropical forests depend on the ability of trees to acclimate their physiological processes, such as leaf dark respiration (Rd ), to these new conditions. However, knowledge on this is currently limited due to data scarcity. We studied the impact of growth temperature on Rd and its dependency on net photosynthesis (An ), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) in 16 early-successional (ES) and late-successional (LS) tropical tree species in multispecies plantations along an elevation gradient (Rwanda TREE project). Moreover, we explored the effect of drought on Rd in one ES and one LS species. Leaf Rd at 20°C decreased at warmer sites, regardless if it was expressed per unit leaf area, mass, N or P. This acclimation resulted in an 8% and a 28% decrease in Rd at prevailing nighttime temperatures in trees at the intermediate and warmest sites, respectively. Moreover, drought reduced Rd , particularly in the ES species and at the coolest site. Thermal acclimation of Rd is complete or overcompensatory and independent of changes in leaf nutrients or LMA in African tropical trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mujawamariya
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Maria Wittemann
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Aloysie Manishimwe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Bonaventure Ntirugulirwa
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
- Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Development BoardPO Box 5016KigaliRwanda
| | - Etienne Zibera
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
| | - Donat Nsabimana
- School of Forestry and Biodiversity and Biological SciencesUniversity of RwandaBusogoRwanda
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of BiologyUniversity of RwandaUniversity AvenuePO Box 117HuyeRwanda
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgPO Box 461GothenburgSE‐405 30Sweden
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17
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Quan X, Wang N, Wang C. Thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration of Larix gmelinii: A latitudinal transplant experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140634. [PMID: 32653708 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The response of tree leaf dark respiration (Rd) to temperature change is important in modeling and predicting forest carbon (C) cycling under climate change, but it has rarely been investigated in nature. We conducted a field experiment by transplanting the trees of Larix gmelinii - the dominant tree species in Chinese boreal forests from four latitudinal sites to a common garden near the warm border of its range. Our objective was to explore thermal acclimation of Rd and the underlying mechanisms by comparing the temperature-response curves of Rd and related leaf traits both in the common garden and at the original sites. We found that warming significantly decreased Rd and its temperature sensitivity (Q10), which changed across the growing season and were correlated with the mean annual temperature of the original sites, reflecting a combination of both short- and long-term respiratory acclimation to warming. The trees from the southern sites tended to have higher thermal acclimation of Rd and lower Q10 than that from the northern sites. Rd and Q10 were highly correlated with the concentrations of leaf nitrogen and soluble sugars, which may be used as proxies for assessing thermal acclimation of respiration. Considering both short- and long-term thermal acclimation of Rd likely improves the prediction of forest C cycling in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Quan
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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18
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Noh NJ, Crous KY, Li J, Choury Z, Barton CVM, Arndt SK, Reich PB, Tjoelker MG, Pendall E. Does root respiration in Australian rainforest tree seedlings acclimate to experimental warming? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1192-1204. [PMID: 32348526 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration can acclimate to changing environmental conditions and vary between species as well as biome types, although belowground respiration responses to ongoing climate warming are not well understood. Understanding the thermal acclimation capacity of root respiration (Rroot) in relation to increasing temperatures is therefore critical in elucidating a key uncertainty in plant function in response to warming. However, the degree of temperature acclimation of Rroot in rainforest trees and how root chemical and morphological traits are related to acclimation is unknown. Here we investigated the extent to which respiration of fine roots (≤2 mm) of four tropical and four warm-temperate rainforest tree seedlings differed in response to warmer growth temperatures (control and +6 °C), including temperature sensitivity (Q10) and the degree of acclimation of Rroot. Regardless of biome type, we found no consistent pattern in the short-term temperature responses of Rroot to elevated growth temperature: a significant reduction in the temperature response of Rroot to +6 °C treatment was only observed for a tropical species, Cryptocarya mackinnoniana, whereas the other seven species had either some stimulation or no alteration. Across species, Rroot was positively correlated with root tissue nitrogen concentration (mg g-1), while Q10 was positively correlated with root tissue density (g cm-3). Warming increased root tissue density by 20.8% but did not alter root nitrogen across species. We conclude that thermal acclimation capacity of Rroot to warming is species-specific and suggest that root tissue density is a useful predictor of Rroot and its thermal responses in rainforest tree seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Jin Noh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Forest Technology and Management Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Pochoen, Gyeonggi 11186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jinquan Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zineb Choury
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stefan K Arndt
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Science, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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19
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Kumarathunge DP, Drake JE, Tjoelker MG, López R, Pfautsch S, Vårhammar A, Medlyn BE. The temperature optima for tree seedling photosynthesis and growth depend on water inputs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2544-2560. [PMID: 31883292 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how tree growth is affected by rising temperature is a key to predicting the fate of forests in future warmer climates. Increasing temperature has direct effects on plant physiology, but there are also indirect effects of increased water limitation because evaporative demand increases with temperature in many systems. In this study, we experimentally resolved the direct and indirect effects of temperature on the response of growth and photosynthesis of the widely distributed species Eucalyptus tereticornis. We grew E. tereticornis in an array of six growth temperatures from 18 to 35.5°C, spanning the climatic distribution of the species, with two watering treatments: (a) water inputs increasing with temperature to match plant demand at all temperatures (Wincr ), isolating the direct effect of temperature; and (b) water inputs constant for all temperatures, matching demand for coolest grown plants (Wconst ), such that water limitation increased with growth temperature. We found that constant water inputs resulted in a reduction of temperature optima for both photosynthesis and growth by ~3°C compared to increasing water inputs. Water limitation particularly reduced the total amount of leaf area displayed at Topt and intermediate growth temperatures. The reduction in photosynthesis could be attributed to lower leaf water potential and consequent stomatal closure. The reduction in growth was a result of decreased photosynthesis, reduced total leaf area display and a reduction in specific leaf area. Water availability had no effect on the response of stem and root respiration to warming, but we observed lower leaf respiration rates under constant water inputs compared to increasing water inputs at higher growth temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrates that the indirect effect of increasing water limitation strongly modifies the potential response of tree growth to rising global temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan P Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosana López
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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20
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Guidolotti G, Pallozzi E, Gavrichkova O, Scartazza A, Mattioni M, Loreto F, Calfapietra C. Emission of constitutive isoprene, induced monoterpenes, and other volatiles under high temperatures in Eucalyptus camaldulensis: A 13 C labelling study. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1929-1938. [PMID: 30663094 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eucalypts are major emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), especially volatile isoprenoids. Emissions and incorporation of 13 C in BVOCs were measured in Eucalyptus camaldulensis branches exposed to rapid heat stress or progressive temperature increases, in order to detect both metabolic processes and their dynamics. Isoprene emission increased and photosynthesis decreased with temperatures rising from 30°C to 45°C, and an increasing percentage of unlabelled carbon was incorporated into isoprene in heat-stressed leaves. Intramolecular labelling was also incomplete in isoprene emitted by heat-stressed leaves, suggesting increasing contribution of respiratory (and possibly also photorespiratory) carbon. At temperature above 45°C, a drop of isoprene emission was mirrored by the appearance of unlabelled monoterpenes, green leaf volatiles, methanol, and ethanol, indicating that the emission of stored volatiles was mainly induced by cellular damage. Emission of partially labelled acetaldehyde was also observed at very high temperatures, suggesting a double source of carbon, with a large unlabelled component likely transported from roots and associated to the surge of transpiration at very high temperatures. Eucalypt plantations cover large areas worldwide, and our findings may dramatically change forecast and modelling of future BVOC emissions at planetary level, especially considering climate warming and frequent heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pallozzi
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, 01500, Italy
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
- Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems, Agrarian-technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Mattioni
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences (DISBA), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Porano, 05010, Italy
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21
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Drake JE, Furze ME, Tjoelker MG, Carrillo Y, Barton CVM, Pendall E. Climate warming and tree carbon use efficiency in a whole-tree 13 CO 2 tracer study. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1313-1324. [PMID: 30840319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic respiration is a major driver of the global C cycle and may contribute a positive climate warming feedback through increased atmospheric concentrations of CO2 . The extent of this feedback depends on plants' ability to acclimate respiration to maintain a constant carbon use efficiency (CUE). We quantified respiratory partitioning of gross primary production (GPP) and CUE of field-grown trees in a long-term warming experiment (+3°C). We delivered a 13 C-CO2 pulse to whole tree crowns and chased that pulse in the respiration of leaves, whole crowns, roots, and soil. We also measured the isotopic composition of soil microbial biomass and the respiration rates of leaves and whole crowns. We documented homeostatic respiratory acclimation of foliar and whole-crown respiration rates; the trees adjusted to experimental warming such that leaf-level respiration rates were not increased. Experimental warming had no detectable impact on respiratory partitioning or mean residence times. Of the 13 C label acquired by the trees, aboveground respiration consumed 10%, belowground respiration consumed 40%, and the remaining 50% was retained. Experimental warming of +3°C did not alter respiratory partitioning at the scale of entire trees, suggesting that complete acclimation of respiration to warming is likely to dampen a positive climate warming feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Morgan E Furze
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Yolima Carrillo
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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22
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Way DA, Aspinwall MJ, Drake JE, Crous KY, Campany CE, Ghannoum O, Tissue DT, Tjoelker MG. Responses of respiration in the light to warming in field-grown trees: a comparison of the thermal sensitivity of the Kok and Laisk methods. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:132-143. [PMID: 30372524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Kok and Laisk techniques can both be used to estimate light respiration Rlight . We investigated whether responses of Rlight to short- and long-term changes in leaf temperature depend on the technique used to estimate Rlight . We grew Eucalyptus tereticornis in whole-tree chambers under ambient temperature (AT) or AT + 3°C (elevated temperature, ET). We assessed dark respiration Rdark and light respiration with the Kok (RKok ) and Laisk (RLaisk ) methods at four temperatures to determine the degree of light suppression of respiration using both methods in AT and ET trees. The ET treatment had little impact on Rdark , RKok or RLaisk . Although the thermal sensitivities of RKok or RLaisk were similar, RKok was higher than RLaisk . We found negative values of RLaisk at the lowest measurement temperatures, indicating positive net CO2 uptake, which we propose may be related to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. Light suppression of Rdark decreased with increasing leaf temperature, but the degree of suppression depended on the method used. The Kok and Laisk methods do not generate the same estimates of Rlight or light suppression of Rdark between 20 and 35°C. Negative rates of RLaisk imply that this method may become less reliable at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School for the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Courtney E Campany
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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23
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Keenan TF, Migliavacca M, Papale D, Baldocchi D, Reichstein M, Torn M, Wutzler T. Widespread inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:407-415. [PMID: 30742107 PMCID: PMC6421340 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The global land surface absorbs about a third of anthropogenic emissions each year, due to the difference between two key processes: ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Despite the importance of these two processes, it is not possible to measure either at the ecosystem scale during the daytime. Eddy-covariance measurements are widely used as the closest 'quasi-direct' ecosystem-scale observation from which to estimate ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Recent research, however, suggests that current estimates may be biased by up to 25%, due to a previously unaccounted for process: the inhibition of leaf respiration in the light. Yet the extent of inhibition remains debated, and implications for estimates of ecosystem-scale respiration and photosynthesis remain unquantified. Here, we quantify an apparent inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration across the global FLUXNET eddy-covariance network and identify a pervasive influence that varies by season and ecosystem type. We develop partitioning methods that can detect an apparent ecosystem-scale inhibition of daytime respiration and find that diurnal patterns of ecosystem respiration might be markedly different than previously thought. The results call for the re-evaluation of global terrestrial carbon cycle models and also suggest that current global estimates of photosynthesis and respiration may be biased, some on the order of magnitude of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | | - Dario Papale
- University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Margaret Torn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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24
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Dusenge ME, Duarte AG, Way DA. Plant carbon metabolism and climate change: elevated CO 2 and temperature impacts on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:32-49. [PMID: 29983005 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 32 I. The importance of plant carbon metabolism for climate change 32 II. Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon metabolism 33 III. Rising temperatures and carbon metabolism 37 IV. Thermal acclimation responses of carbon metabolic processes can be best understood when studied together 38 V. Will elevated CO2 offset warming-induced changes in carbon metabolism? 40 VI. No plant is an island: water and nutrient limitations define plant responses to climate drivers 41 VII. Conclusions 42 Acknowledgements 42 References 42 Appendix A1 48 SUMMARY: Plant carbon metabolism is impacted by rising CO2 concentrations and temperatures, but also feeds back onto the climate system to help determine the trajectory of future climate change. Here we review how photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration are affected by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate warming, both separately and in combination. We also compile data from the literature on plants grown at multiple temperatures, focusing on net CO2 assimilation rates and leaf dark respiration rates measured at the growth temperature (Agrowth and Rgrowth , respectively). Our analyses show that the ratio of Agrowth to Rgrowth is generally homeostatic across a wide range of species and growth temperatures, and that species that have reduced Agrowth at higher growth temperatures also tend to have reduced Rgrowth , while species that show stimulations in Agrowth under warming tend to have higher Rgrowth in the hotter environment. These results highlight the need to study these physiological processes together to better predict how vegetation carbon metabolism will respond to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - André Galvao Duarte
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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25
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Heskel MA, Tang J. Environmental controls on light inhibition of respiration and leaf and canopy daytime carbon exchange in a temperate deciduous forest. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 38:1886-1902. [PMID: 30252110 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty in the estimation of daytime ecosystem carbon cycling due to the light inhibition of leaf respiration and photorespiration, and how these small fluxes vary through the growing season in the field, remains a confounding element in calculations of gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration. Our study focuses on how phenology, short-term temperature changes and canopy position influence leaf-level carbon exchange in Quercus rubra L. (red oak) at Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts, USA. Using leaf measurements and eddy covariance, we also quantify the effect of light inhibition on estimates of daytime respiration at leaf and ecosystem scales. Measured rates of leaf respiration in the light and dark were highest in the early growing season and declined in response to 10-day prior air temperatures (P < 0.01), evidence of within-season thermal acclimation. Leaf respiration was significantly inhibited by light (27.1 ± 2.82% inhibited across all measurements), and this inhibition varied with the month of measurement; greater inhibition was observed in mid-summer leaves compared with early- and late-season leaves. Increases in measurement temperature led to higher rates of respiration and photorespiration, though with a less pronounced positive effect on photosynthesis; as a result, carbon-use efficiency declined with increasing leaf temperature. Over the growing season when we account for seasonally variable light inhibition and basal respiration rates, our modeling approaches found a cumulative 12.9% reduction of leaf-level respiration and a 12.8% reduction of canopy leaf respiration, resulting in a 3.7% decrease in total ecosystem respiration compared with estimates that do not account for light inhibition in leaves. Our study sheds light on the environmental controls of the light inhibition of daytime leaf respiration and how integrating this phenomenon and other small fluxes can reduce uncertainty in current and future projections of terrestrial carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jianwu Tang
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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26
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Grossiord C, Gessler A, Reed SC, Borrego I, Collins AD, Dickman LT, Ryan M, Schönbeck L, Sevanto S, Vilagrosa A, McDowell NG. Reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts are mitigated by shifts in nitrogen cycling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2627-2637. [PMID: 29974965 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming should result in hotter droughts of unprecedented severity in this century. Such droughts have been linked with massive tree mortality, and data suggest that warming interacts with drought to aggravate plant performance. Yet how forests will respond to hotter droughts remains unclear, as does the suite of mechanisms trees use to deal with hot droughts. We used an ecosystem-scale manipulation of precipitation and temperature on piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma) trees to investigate nitrogen (N) cycling-induced mitigation processes related to hotter droughts. We found that while negative impacts on plant carbon and water balance are manifest after prolonged drought, performance reductions were not amplified by warmer temperatures. Rather, increased temperatures for 5 years stimulated soil N cycling under piñon trees and modified tree N allocation for both species, resulting in mitigation of hotter drought impacts on tree water and carbon functions. These findings suggest that adjustments in N cycling are likely after multi-year warming conditions and that such changes may buffer reductions in tree performance during hotter droughts. The results highlight our incomplete understanding of trees' ability to acclimate to climate change, raising fundamental questions about the resistance potential of forests to long-term, compound climatic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT
| | - Isaac Borrego
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT
| | - Adam D Collins
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Lee T Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Max Ryan
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | | | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación CEAM, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante - CEAM, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Earth Systems Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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27
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Crous KY, Drake JE, Aspinwall MJ, Sharwood RE, Tjoelker MG, Ghannoum O. Photosynthetic capacity and leaf nitrogen decline along a controlled climate gradient in provenances of two widely distributed Eucalyptus species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4626-4644. [PMID: 29804312 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate is an important factor limiting tree distributions and adaptation to different thermal environments may influence how tree populations respond to climate warming. Given the current rate of warming, it has been hypothesized that tree populations in warmer, more thermally stable climates may have limited capacity to respond physiologically to warming compared to populations from cooler, more seasonal climates. We determined in a controlled environment how several provenances of widely distributed Eucalyptus tereticornis and E. grandis adjusted their photosynthetic capacity to +3.5°C warming along their native distribution range (~16-38°S) and whether climate of seed origin of the provenances influenced their response to different growth temperatures. We also tested how temperature optima (Topt ) of photosynthesis and Jmax responded to higher growth temperatures. Our results showed increased photosynthesis rates at a standardized temperature with warming in temperate provenances, while rates in tropical provenances were reduced by about 40% compared to their temperate counterparts. Temperature optima of photosynthesis increased as provenances were exposed to warmer growth temperatures. Both species had ~30% reduced photosynthetic capacity in tropical and subtropical provenances related to reduced leaf nitrogen and leaf Rubisco content compared to temperate provenances. Tropical provenances operated closer to their thermal optimum and came within 3% of the Topt of Jmax during the daily temperature maxima. Hence, further warming may negatively affect C uptake and tree growth in warmer climates, whereas eucalypts in cooler climates may benefit from moderate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Robert E Sharwood
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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28
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Heskel MA. Small flux, global impact: Integrating the nuances of leaf mitochondrial respiration in estimates of ecosystem carbon exchange. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:815-818. [PMID: 29807386 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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29
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Tcherkez G, Gauthier P, Buckley TN, Busch FA, Barbour MM, Bruhn D, Heskel MA, Gong XY, Crous KY, Griffin K, Way D, Turnbull M, Adams MA, Atkin OK, Farquhar GD, Cornic G. Leaf day respiration: low CO 2 flux but high significance for metabolism and carbon balance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:986-1001. [PMID: 28967668 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Contents 986 I. 987 II. 987 III. 988 IV. 991 V. 992 VI. 995 VII. 997 VIII. 998 References 998 SUMMARY: It has been 75 yr since leaf respiratory metabolism in the light (day respiration) was identified as a low-flux metabolic pathway that accompanies photosynthesis. In principle, it provides carbon backbones for nitrogen assimilation and evolves CO2 and thus impacts on plant carbon and nitrogen balances. However, for a long time, uncertainties have remained as to whether techniques used to measure day respiratory efflux were valid and whether day respiration responded to environmental gaseous conditions. In the past few years, significant advances have been made using carbon isotopes, 'omics' analyses and surveys of respiration rates in mesocosms or ecosystems. There is substantial evidence that day respiration should be viewed as a highly dynamic metabolic pathway that interacts with photosynthesis and photorespiration and responds to atmospheric CO2 mole fraction. The view of leaf day respiration as a constant and/or negligible parameter of net carbon exchange is now outdated and it should now be regarded as a central actor of plant carbon-use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, and ARC Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Paul Gauthier
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, University of Sydney, 12656 Newell Hwy, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, and ARC Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Margaret M Barbour
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Rd, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Section of Biology and Environmental Science, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Mary A Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kevin Griffin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology (E3B), Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matthew Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, PB 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark A Adams
- Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, 380 Werombi Rd, Brownlow Hill, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, and ARC Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Gabriel Cornic
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
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