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Coll A, Lukan T, Stare K, Zagorščak M, Mahkovec Povalej T, Baebler Š, Prat S, Coll NS, Valls M, Petek M, Gruden K. The StPti5 ethylene response factor acts as a susceptibility factor by negatively regulating the potato immune response to pathogens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39129060 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) have been associated with biotic stress in Arabidopsis, while their function in non-model plants is still poorly understood. Here we investigated the role of potato ERF StPti5 in plant immunity. We show that StPti5 acts as a susceptibility factor. It negatively regulates potato immunity against potato virus Y and Ralstonia solanacearum, pathogens with completely different modes of action, and thereby has a different role than its orthologue in tomato. Remarkably, StPti5 is destabilised in healthy plants via the autophagy pathway and accumulates exclusively in the nucleus upon infection. We demonstrate that StEIN3 and StEIL1 directly bind the StPti5 promoter and activate its expression, while synergistic activity of the ethylene and salicylic acid pathways is required for regulated StPti expression. To gain further insight into the mode of StPti5 action in attenuating potato defence responses, we investigated transcriptional changes in salicylic acid deficient potato lines with silenced StPti5 expression. We show that StPti5 regulates the expression of other ERFs and downregulates the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as well as several proteases involved in directed proteolysis. This study adds a novel element to the complex puzzle of immune regulation, by deciphering a two-level regulation of ERF transcription factor activity in response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coll
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Lukan
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Katja Stare
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Zagorščak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Mahkovec Povalej
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Salomé Prat
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Núria Sánchez Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Valls
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB), Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
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Miao F, Chen W, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Sang X, Lu J, Wang H. The RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Gene GhDIRP1 Negatively Regulates Verticillium dahliae Resistance in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2047. [PMID: 39124165 PMCID: PMC11314081 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Cotton is one of the world's most important economic crops. Verticillium wilt is a devastating cotton disease caused by Verticillium dahliae, significantly impacting cotton yield and quality. E3 ubiquitin ligases are essential components of the ubiquitin-mediated 26S proteasome system, responsible for recognizing ubiquitinated target proteins and promoting their degradation, which play a crucial regulatory role in plant immune responses. In this study, on the basis of the confirmation of differential expression of GhDIRP1, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase encoding gene, in two cotton varieties resistant (Zhongzhimian 2) or susceptible (Jimian 11) to V. dahliae, we demonstrated that GhDIRP1 is a negative regulator of V. dahliae resistance because silencing GhDIRP1 in cotton and heterogeneously overexpressing the gene in Arabidopsis enhanced and compromised resistance to V. dahliae, respectively. The GhDIRP1-mediated immune response seemed to be realized through multiple physiological pathways, including hormone signaling, reactive oxygen species, and lignin biosynthesis. Based on the sequences of GhDIRP1 isolated from Zhongzhimian 2 and Jimian 11, we found that GhDIRP1 had identical coding but different promoter sequences in the two varieties, with the promoter of Zhongzhimian 2 being more active than that of Jimian 11 because the former drove a stronger expression of GUS and LUC reporter genes. The results link the ubiquitination pathway to multiple physiological pathways acting in the cotton immune response and provide a candidate gene for breeding cotton varieties resistant to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Yunlei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaohui Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Jianhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (F.M.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (X.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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Tominello-Ramirez CS, Muñoz Hoyos L, Oubounyt M, Stam R. Network analyses predict major regulators of resistance to early blight disease complex in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:641. [PMID: 38971719 PMCID: PMC11227178 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early blight and brown leaf spot are often cited as the most problematic pathogens of tomato in many agricultural regions. Their causal agents are Alternaria spp., a genus of Ascomycota containing numerous necrotrophic pathogens. Breeding programs have yielded quantitatively resistant commercial cultivars, but fungicide application remains necessary to mitigate the yield losses. A major hindrance to resistance breeding is the complexity of the genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility. In the absence of sufficiently resistant germplasm, we sequenced the transcriptomes of Heinz 1706 tomatoes treated with strongly virulent and weakly virulent isolates of Alternaria spp. 3 h post infection. We expanded existing functional gene annotations in tomato and using network statistics, we analyzed the transcriptional modules associated with defense and susceptibility. RESULTS The induced responses are very distinct. The weakly virulent isolate induced a defense response of calcium-signaling, hormone responses, and transcription factors. These defense-associated processes were found in a single transcriptional module alongside secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes, and other defense responses. Co-expression and gene regulatory networks independently predicted several D clade ethylene response factors to be early regulators of the defense transcriptional module, as well as other transcription factors both known and novel in pathogen defense, including several JA-associated genes. In contrast, the strongly virulent isolate elicited a much weaker response, and a separate transcriptional module bereft of hormone signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have predicted major defense regulators and several targets for downstream functional analyses. Combined with our improved gene functional annotation, they suggest that defense is achieved through induction of Alternaria-specific immune pathways, and susceptibility is mediated by modulating hormone responses. The implication of multiple specific clade D ethylene response factors and upregulation of JA-associated genes suggests that host defense in this pathosystem involves ethylene response factors to modulate jasmonic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Tominello-Ramirez
- Department of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, Institute for Phytopathology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lina Muñoz Hoyos
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mhaned Oubounyt
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Remco Stam
- Department of Phytopathology and Crop Protection, Institute for Phytopathology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
- Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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4
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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Vatankhah M, Kennedy JF. Chitin-induced disease resistance in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131105. [PMID: 38531527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chitin is composed of N-acetylglucosamine units. Chitin a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, can elicit a potent defense response in plants. Through the activation of defense genes, stimulation of defensive compound production, and reinforcement of physical barriers, chitin enhances the plant's ability to defend against pathogens. Chitin-based treatments have shown efficacy against various plant diseases caused by fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode pathogens, and have been integrated into sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, chitin treatments have demonstrated additional benefits, such as promoting plant growth and improving tolerance to abiotic stresses. Further research is necessary to optimize treatment parameters, explore chitin derivatives, and conduct long-term field studies. Continued efforts in these areas will contribute to the development of innovative and sustainable strategies for disease management in agriculture, ultimately leading to improved crop productivity and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Sun D, Xu J, Wang H, Guo H, Chen Y, Zhang L, Li J, Hao D, Yao X, Li X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the PUB Gene Family in Zoysia japonica under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:788. [PMID: 38592813 PMCID: PMC10974829 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The U-box protein family of ubiquitin ligases is important in the biological processes of plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Plants in the genus Zoysia are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrass species with drought, wear and salt tolerance. In this study, we conducted the genome-wide identification of plant U-box (PUB) genes in Zoysia japonica based on U-box domain searching. In total, 71 ZjPUB genes were identified, and a protein tree was constructed of AtPUBs, OsPUBs, and ZjPUBs, clustered into five groups. The gene structures, characteristics, cis-elements and protein interaction prediction network were analyzed. There were mainly ABRE, ERE, MYB and MYC cis-elements distributed in the promoter regions of ZjPUBs. ZjPUBs were predicted to interact with PDR1 and EXO70B1, related to the abscisic acid signaling pathway. To better understand the roles of ZjPUBs under salt stress, the expression levels of 18 ZjPUBs under salt stress were detected using transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, revealing that 16 ZjPUBs were upregulated in the roots under salt treatment. This indicates that ZjPUBs might participate in the Z. japonica salt stress response. This research provides insight into the Z. japonica PUB gene family and may support the genetic improvement in the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant zoysiagrass varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojin Sun
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongli Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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6
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Tanarsuwongkul S, Fisher KW, Mullis BT, Negi H, Roberts J, Tomlin F, Wang Q, Stratmann JW. Green leaf volatiles co-opt proteins involved in molecular pattern signalling in plant cells. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:928-946. [PMID: 38164082 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The green leaf volatiles (GLVs) Z-3-hexen-1-ol (Z3-HOL) and Z-3-hexenyl acetate (Z3-HAC) are airborne infochemicals released from damaged plant tissues that induce defenses and developmental responses in receiver plants, but little is known about their mechanism of action. We found that Z3-HOL and Z3-HAC induce similar but distinctive physiological and signaling responses in tomato seedlings and cell cultures. In seedlings, Z3-HAC showed a stronger root growth inhibition effect than Z3-HOL. In cell cultures, the two GLVs induced distinct changes in MAP kinase (MAPK) activity and proton fluxes as well as rapid and massive changes in the phosphorylation status of proteins within 5 min. Many of these phosphoproteins are involved in reprogramming the proteome from cellular homoeostasis to stress and include pattern recognition receptors, a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, MAPK cascade components, calcium signaling proteins and transcriptional regulators. These are well-known components of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling pathways. These rapid changes in the phosphoproteome may underly the activation of defense and developmental responses to GLVs. Our data provide further evidence that GLVs function like DAMPs and indicate that GLVs coopt DAMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten W Fisher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - B Todd Mullis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- IMCS, Irmo, South Carolina, USA
| | - Harshita Negi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie Roberts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Fallon Tomlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Johannes W Stratmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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7
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Soliman ERS. Preserving the adaptive salt stress response activity of a tissue-specific promoter with modulating activity. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100354. [PMID: 38494266 PMCID: PMC10941203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Arabidopsis "Redox Responsive Transcription Factor1" (RRTF1) promoter is transiently activated by salt stress in roots over 6 h period, followed by an adaptation phase during which its activity returns to baseline levels, even if the salt stress is prolonged. This enables the short-term production of genes that, while initially advantageous to the plant, will have long-term detrimental effects if expressed at high levels indefinitely. RESULTS In this paper, we demonstrate that the RRTF1 promoter salt adaption response is a dominant feature of the promoter, that cannot be overwritten by a strong enhancer. While maintaining the transient activation profile of the RRTF1 promoter, linking it to the 35S enhancer results in a significant boost of salt stress induction in roots. CONCLUSION The RRTF1 promoter's enhanced and still adaptable activity could become a useful tool in plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham R S Soliman
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
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8
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Kim D, Jeon SJ, Hong JK, Kim MG, Kim SH, Kadam US, Kim WY, Chung WS, Stacey G, Hong JC. The Auto-Regulation of ATL2 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Plays an Important Role in the Immune Response against Alternaria brassicicola in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2388. [PMID: 38397062 PMCID: PMC10889567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin/26S proteasome system is a crucial regulatory mechanism that governs various cellular processes in plants, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and responses to biotic and abiotic stressors. Our study shows that the RING-H2-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura 2 (ATL2), is involved in response to fungal pathogen infection. Under normal growth conditions, the expression of the ATL2 gene is low, but it is rapidly and significantly induced by exogenous chitin. Additionally, ATL2 protein stability is markedly increased via chitin treatment, and its degradation is prolonged when 26S proteasomal function is inhibited. We found that an atl2 null mutant exhibited higher susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola, while plants overexpressing ATL2 displayed increased resistance. We also observed that the hyphae of A. brassicicola were strongly stained with trypan blue staining, and the expression of A. brassicicola Cutinase A (AbCutA) was dramatically increased in atl2. In contrast, the hyphae were weakly stained, and AbCutA expression was significantly reduced in ATL2-overexpressing plants. Using bioinformatics, live-cell confocal imaging, and cell fractionation analysis, we revealed that ATL2 is localized to the plasma membrane. Further, it is demonstrated that the ATL2 protein possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and found that cysteine 138 residue is critical for its function. Moreover, ATL2 is necessary to successfully defend against the A. brassicicola fungal pathogen. Altogether, our data suggest that ATL2 is a plasma membrane-integrated protein with RING-H2-type E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is essential for the defense response against fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Su Jeong Jeon
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Jeum Kyu Hong
- Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Protection, Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Agri-Food Bio Convergence Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Ulhas S. Kadam
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Biological Rhythm Research Center (PBRRC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Chung
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (D.K.); (S.J.J.); (S.H.K.); (U.S.K.)
- Division of Plant Science & Technology, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Wu M, Musazade E, Yang X, Yin L, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Lu J, Guo L. ATL Protein Family: Novel Regulators in Plant Response to Environmental Stresses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20419-20440. [PMID: 38100516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants actively develop intricate regulatory mechanisms to counteract the harmful effects of environmental stresses. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a crucial mechanism, employs E3 ligases (E3s) to facilitate the conjugation of ubiquitin to specific target substrates, effectively marking them for proteolytic degradation. E3s play critical roles in many biological processes, including phytohormonal signaling and adaptation to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis Toxicosa en Levadura (ATL) proteins, belonging to a subfamily of RING-H2 E3s, actively modulate diverse physiological processes and plant responses to environmental stresses. Despite studies on the functions of certain ATL family members in rice and Arabidopsis, most ATLs still need more comprehensive study. This review presents an overview of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), specifically focusing on the pivotal role of E3s and associated enzymes in plant development and environmental adaptation. Our study seeks to unveil the active modulation of plant responses to environmental stresses by E3s and ATLs, emphasizing the significance of ATLs within this intricate process. By emphasizing the importance of studying the roles of E3s and ATLs, our review contributes to developing more resilient plant varieties and promoting sustainable agricultural practices while establishing a research roadmap for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Elshan Musazade
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Le Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Zizhu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Land Requisition Affairs Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Jingmei Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Liquan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P.R. China
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10
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Wei Y, Jin J, Lin Z, Lu C, Gao J, Li J, Xie Q, Zhu W, Zhu G, Yang F. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Molecular Characterization of the CONSTANS-like Gene Family in Seven Orchid Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16825. [PMID: 38069148 PMCID: PMC10706594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The orchid is one of the most distinctive and highly valued flowering plants. Nevertheless, the CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family plays significant roles in the control of flowering, and its functions in Orchidaceae have been minimally explored. This research identified 68 potential COL genes within seven orchids' complete genome, divided into three groups (groups I, II, and III) via a phylogenetic tree. The modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains exhibited a high degree of similarity among the orchid COL proteins. The selection pressure analysis showed that all orchid COLs suffered a strong purifying selection. Furthermore, the orchid COL genes exhibited functional and structural heterogeneity in terms of collinearity, gene structure, cis-acting elements within their promoters, and expression patterns. Moreover, we identified 50 genes in orchids with a homology to those involved in the COL transcriptional regulatory network in Arabidopsis. Additionally, the first overexpression of CsiCOL05 and CsiCOL09 in Cymbidium sinense protoplasts suggests that they may antagonize the regulation of flowering time and gynostemium development. Our study will undoubtedly provide new resources, ideas, and values for the modern breeding of orchids and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fengxi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.W.); (J.J.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (J.G.); (J.L.); (Q.X.); (W.Z.); (G.Z.)
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11
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Krieger C, Halter D, Baltenweck R, Cognat V, Boissinot S, Maia-Grondard A, Erdinger M, Bogaert F, Pichon E, Hugueney P, Brault V, Ziegler-Graff V. An Aphid-Transmitted Virus Reduces the Host Plant Response to Its Vector to Promote Its Transmission. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1745-1760. [PMID: 37885045 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-22-0454-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The success of virus transmission by vectors relies on intricate trophic interactions between three partners, the host plant, the virus, and the vector. Despite numerous studies that showed the capacity of plant viruses to manipulate their host plant to their benefit, and potentially of their transmission, the molecular mechanisms sustaining this phenomenon has not yet been extensively analyzed at the molecular level. In this study, we focused on the deregulations induced in Arabidopsis thaliana by an aphid vector that were alleviated when the plants were infected with turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a polerovirus strictly transmitted by aphids in a circulative and nonpropagative mode. By setting up an experimental design mimicking the natural conditions of virus transmission, we analyzed the deregulations in plants infected with TuYV and infested with aphids by a dual transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. We observed that the virus infection alleviated most of the gene deregulations induced by the aphids in a noninfected plant at both time points analyzed (6 and 72 h) with a more pronounced effect at the later time point of infestation. The metabolic composition of the infected and infested plants was altered in a way that could be beneficial for the vector and the virus transmission. Importantly, these substantial modifications observed in infected and infested plants correlated with a higher TuYV transmission efficiency. This study revealed the capacity of TuYV to alter the plant nutritive content and the defense reaction against the aphid vector to promote the viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Krieger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - David Halter
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Valérie Cognat
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Monique Erdinger
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Florent Bogaert
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Elodie Pichon
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | - Véronique Brault
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, SVQV UMR1131, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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12
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Mechanisms and technology of marine oligosaccharides to control postharvest disease of fruits. Food Chem 2023; 404:134664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Wu G, Dong C, Liu J, Li M. Genomic divergence and introgression among three Populus species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 180:107686. [PMID: 36586545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic divergence with gene flow is very common in both plants and animals. However, divergence and gene flow are two counteracting factors during speciation. Identifying the types of genes that are likely to be introgressed and what genetic factors restrict further effective reproduction of interspecific hybrids is of great interest to biologists. We aimed to address these issues using three related tree species, Populus alba (Pa), P. tremula (Pt), and P. tremuloides (Ps), and the interspecific hybrid of the former two species, P. × canescens (Pc). We collected 105 genomes for these four poplar lineages, including 28 Pa, 38Pt, 21 Ps, and 18 Pc individuals, to reconstruct their evolutionary histories. Our coalescence-based simulations indicated that Pa diverged earliest from Ps and Pt, and asymmetrical gene flow existed between any two lineages, with especially large ancient gene flow occurring between Pa and Pt. The genomic landscape of divergence between pairs of the three species are highly heterogeneous, which may have arisen through both divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms and ongoing gene flow. We found that extant regions of the genome with introgressed ancestry reduced genetic divergence but elevated recombination rates and accounted for 5.76 % of the total genome. Introgressed genes were functionally associated with stress resistance, including innate immune response, anti-adversity response, and programmed cell death. However, candidate genes underlying postmating barriers of Pc were homozygous and resistant to introgression due to the incompatibility of alleles between loci after hybridization and were associated with endosperm and gamete formation and disease resistance. Our study revealed genomic dynamics during speciation with gene flow and identified regions of the genome that were likely introgressed and adaptive as well as candidate loci responsible for hybrid incompatibility that resulted in the formation of postmating barriers after hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Congcong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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14
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Li L, Kaufmann M, Makechemu M, Van Poucke C, De Keyser E, Uyttendaele M, Zipfel C, Cottyn B, Pothier JF. Assessment of transcriptional reprogramming of lettuce roots in response to chitin soil amendment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1158068. [PMID: 37089656 PMCID: PMC10115174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1158068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitin soil amendment is known to improve soil quality, plant growth and stress resilience, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we monitored chitin's effect on lettuce physiology every two weeks through an eight-week growth period, analyzed the early transcriptional reprogramming and related metabolomic changes of lettuce, in response to crab chitin treatment in peat-based potting soil. In commercial growth conditions, chitin amendment still promoted lettuce growth, increased chlorophyll content, the number of leaves and crop head weight from week six. The flavonoid content in lettuce leaves was altered as well, showing an increase at week two but a decrease from week six. Transcriptomic analysis showed that over 300 genes in lettuce root were significantly differentially expressed after chitin soil treatment. Gene Ontology-term (GO) enrichment analysis revealed statistical overrepresentation of GO terms linked to photosynthesis, pigment metabolic process and phenylpropanoid metabolic process. Further analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that the flavonoid pathway was mostly upregulated whereas the bifurcation of upstream phenylpropanoid pathway towards lignin biosynthesis was mostly downregulated. Metabolomic analysis revealed the upregulation of salicylic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid in chitin-treated lettuce seedlings. These phenolic compounds (PCs) mainly influence the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and may play important roles in plant defense reactions. Our results suggest that chitin soil amendments might activate induced resistance by priming lettuce plants and promote lettuce growth via transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Li
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Joël F. Pothier, ; Leilei Li,
| | - Moritz Kaufmann
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moffat Makechemu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ellen De Keyser
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Cottyn
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joël F. Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Joël F. Pothier, ; Leilei Li,
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15
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Wang DR, Yang K, Wang X, You CX. A C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor, MdZAT17, acts as a positive regulator in response to salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153737. [PMID: 35717763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress restricts plant growth and productivity worldwide. Zinc finger proteins play important roles in response to various abiotic plant stresses. In this research, we identified and characterized the ZAT17 gene in Malus domestica, which encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein. MdZAT17 has two typical conserved zinc finger domains and an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif. Promoter analysis showed that MdZAT17 contains several stress-related response elements (ABRE, CGTCA-motif, and TC-rich repeats), and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of MdZAT17 was induced by various abiotic stress treatments. The overexpression of MdZAT17 improved tolerance to salt stress in apple calli. The ectopic expression of MdZAT17 in Arabidopsis enhanced salt stress tolerance and led to lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and greater anthocyanin accumulation under salt stress. Moreover, the overexpression of MdZAT17 transgenic apple calli and Arabidopsis reduced the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). In conclusion, our results indicate that MdZAT17 plays a positive regulatory role in salt tolerance, providing a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Kuo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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16
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Bandara WW, Wijesundera WSS, Hettiarachchi C. Rice and Arabidopsis BBX proteins: toward genetic engineering of abiotic stress resistant crops. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:164. [PMID: 36092969 PMCID: PMC9452616 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Productivity of crop plants are enormously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The co-occurrence of several abiotic stresses may lead to death of crop plants. Hence, it is the responsibility of plant scientists to develop crop plants equipped with multistress tolerance pathways. A subgroup of zinc finger transcription factor family, known as B-box (BBX) proteins, play a key role in light and hormonal regulation pathways. In addition, BBX proteins act as key regulatory proteins in many abiotic stress regulatory pathways, including Ultraviolet-B (UV-B), salinity, drought, heat and cold, and heavy metal stresses. Most of the BBX proteins identified in Arabidopsis and rice respond to more than one abiotic stress. Considering the requirement of improving rice for multistress tolerance, this review discusses functionally characterized Arabidopsis and rice BBX proteins in the development of abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, it highlights the participation of BBX proteins in multistress regulation and crop improvement through genetic engineering.
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17
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Tsurumoto T, Fujikawa Y, Onoda Y, Kamimori M, Hiramatsu K, Tanimoto H, Ohta D, Okazawa A. Effect of high-dose 290 nm UV-B on resveratrol content in grape skins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:502-508. [PMID: 35092419 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UV-C irradiation increases resveratrol content in grape skins, but it reaches a maximum at a certain UV-C dose. In contrast, UV-B has a weak resveratrol-enhancing effect at low doses, but it has not been investigated at high doses. In this study, we investigated the effect of high-dose UV-B on resveratrol contents in grape skins. Irradiation of Muscat Bailey A with 290 nm UV-B LED at 22 500 and 225 000 µmol m-2 increased the resveratrol contents in the grape skins by 2.1- and 9.0-fold, respectively, without significant increases in other phenolic compounds. The effect was also confirmed for 2 other cultivars: Shine Muscat and Delaware. Transcriptome analysis of the grape skins of Muscat Bailey A immediately after irradiation with UV-B at 225 000 µmol m-2 showed that genes related to biotic and abiotic stresses were upregulated. Hence, it was suggested that high-dose UV-B irradiation induces a stress response and specifically activates resveratrol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Tsurumoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan.,Yokohama Research Center, Nichia Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Fujikawa
- Yokohama Research Center, Nichia Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yushi Onoda
- Yokohama Research Center, Nichia Corporation, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamimori
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hiramatsu
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanimoto
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Habikino, Japan
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
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18
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Yang S, Zhang X, Zhang X, Bi Y, Gao W. A bZIP transcription factor, PqbZIP1, is involved in the plant defense response of American ginseng. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12939. [PMID: 35282281 PMCID: PMC8916028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a perennial medicinal plant that has a long usage history in China. However, root rot, which is mainly caused by Fusarium solani can severely reduce the yield and quality of American ginseng, but no disease-resistant variety of American ginseng exists, and the resistance against this disease is not yet well understood. Thus, it is very urgent to analyze the interaction mechanism regulating the interactions between American ginseng and F. solani to mine disease resistance genes. Using transcriptome data and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we screened the transcription factor PqbZIP1 in response to induction by chitin. Yeast self-activation and subcellular localization experiments proved that PqbZIP1 showed transcriptional activity and was localized in the plant nucleus. In addition, qPCR showed that the highest relative expression level was in the roots, wherein chitin and F. solani inhibited and activated the expression of PqbZIP1, respectively, in American ginseng. Additionally, PqbZIP1 significantly inhibited the growth of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato D36E strain in Nicotiana benthamiana, where expressing PqbZIP1 in N. benthamiana increased the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid content. Furthermore, PqbZIP1 expression was continually increased upon inoculation with F. solani. Hence, this study revealed that the PqbZIP1 transcription factor might mediate multiple hormonal signaling pathway to modulate root rot disease resistance in American ginseng, and provided important information to breed disease-resistant American ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmeng Bi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hao G, Tiley H, McCormick S. Chitin Triggers Tissue-Specific Immunity in Wheat Associated With Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832502. [PMID: 35222488 PMCID: PMC8864176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the primary causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. FHB reduces grain yield and contaminates grain with various mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON). DON acts as a virulence factor to promote the fungus passing the rachis node and spreading throughout the head of wheat but not barley. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the earliest defense responses during plant and pathogen interactions. However, the complex roles of ROS during FHB development remain unclear. We investigated immune responses in wheat triggered by chitin, a major component of fungal cell walls. Although no ROS burst was detected in chitin-treated wheat leaves from eight tested varieties, a robust ROS peak was triggered by chitin in tested barley leaves. Interestingly, ROS were induced by chitin in wheat rachises and rachis nodes, which are critical barriers for FHB spread in wheat. We demonstrated that ROS were induced in wheat rachis nodes from both FHB susceptible and resistant wheat varieties. Further, we showed different defense gene expression patterns in rachis nodes and wheat heads treated with chitin, and wheat heads inoculated with F. graminearum. Our study showed the tissue-specific immune responses induced by chitin in wheat, which may play an important role during F. graminearum infection.
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20
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Liao HZ, Liao WJ, Zou DX, Zhang RQ, Ma JL. Identification and expression analysis of PUB genes in tea plant exposed to anthracnose pathogen and drought stresses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1976547. [PMID: 34633911 PMCID: PMC9208792 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1976547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant U-box (PUB) gene family, one of the major ubiquitin ligase families in plants, plays important roles in multiple cellular processes including environmental stress responses and resistance. The function of U-box genes has been well characterized in Arabidopsis and other plants. However, little is known about the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) PUB genes. Here, 89 U-box proteins were identified from the chromosome-scale referenced genome of tea plant. According to the domain organization and phylogenetic analysis, the tea plant PUB family were classified into ten classes, named Class I to X, respectively. Using previously released stress-related RNA-seq data in tea plant, we identified 34 stress-inducible CsPUB genes. Specifically, eight CsPUB genes were expressed differentially under both anthracnose pathogen and drought stresses. Moreover, six of the eight CsPUBs were upregulated in response to these two stresses. Expression profiling performed by qRT-PCR was consistent with the RNA-seq analysis, and stress-related cis-acting elements were identified in the promoter regions of the six upregulated CsPUB genes. These results strongly implied the putative functions of U-box ligase genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ze Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, NanningChina
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Protection, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Marine Resources, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Wang-Jiao Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, NanningChina
| | - Dong-Xia Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, NanningChina
| | - Ri-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Protection, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Lin Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization, Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, NanningChina
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Liu S, Tong M, Zhao L, Li X, Kunst L. The ARRE RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Negatively Regulates Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by Controlling ECERIFERUM1 and ECERIFERUM3 Protein Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:752309. [PMID: 34764971 PMCID: PMC8576476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.752309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The outer epidermal cell walls of plant shoots are covered with a cuticle, a continuous lipid structure that provides protection from desiccation, UV light, pathogens, and insects. The cuticle is mostly composed of cutin and cuticular wax. Cuticular wax synthesis is synchronized with surface area expansion during plant development and is associated with plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cuticular wax deposition is tightly regulated by well-established transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, as well as post-translationally via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is highly conserved in eukaryotes and involves the covalent attachment of polyubiquitin chains to the target protein by an E3 ligase, followed by the degradation of the modified protein by the 26S proteasome. A large number of E3 ligases are encoded in the Arabidopsis genome, but only a few have been implicated in the regulation of cuticular wax deposition. In this study, we have conducted an E3 ligase reverse genetic screen and identified a novel RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, AtARRE, which negatively regulates wax biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtARRE exhibit glossy stems and siliques, reduced fertility and fusion between aerial organs. Wax load and wax compositional analyses of AtARRE overexpressors showed that the alkane-forming branch of the wax biosynthetic pathway is affected. Co-expression of AtARRE and candidate target proteins involved in alkane formation in both Nicotiana benthamiana and stable Arabidopsis transgenic lines demonstrated that AtARRE controls the levels of wax biosynthetic enzymes ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) and ECERIFERUM3 (CER3). CER1 has also been confirmed to be a ubiquitination substrate of the AtARRE E3 ligase by an in vivo ubiquitination assay using a reconstituted Escherichia coli system. The AtARRE gene is expressed throughout the plant, with the highest expression detected in fully expanded rosette leaves and oldest stem internodes. AtARRE gene expression can also be induced by exposure to pathogens. These findings reveal that wax biosynthesis in mature plant tissues and in response to pathogen infection is controlled post-translationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meixuezi Tong
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ljerka Kunst
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Yang K, Li CY, An JP, Wang DR, Wang X, Wang CK, You CX. The C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor MdZAT10 negatively regulates drought tolerance in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:390-399. [PMID: 34404010 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stressors, particularly drought stress, affect plant growth and yield. Zinc finger proteins play an important role in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we isolated the apple MdZAT10 gene, a C2H2-type zinc finger protein, which is a homolog of Arabidopsis STZ/ZAT10. MdZAT10 was localized to the nucleus and highly expressed in leaves and fruit. Promoter analysis showed that MdZAT10 contained several response elements and the transcription level of MdZAT10 was induced by abiotic stress and hormone treatments. MdZAT10 was responsive to drought treatment both at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. MdZAT10-overexpressing apple calli decreased the expression level of MdAPX2 and increased sensitivity to PEG 6000 treatment. Moreover, ectopically expressed MdZAT10 in Arabidopsis reduced the tolerance to drought stress, and exhibited higher water loss, higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under drought stress. In addition, MdZAT10 reduced the sensitivity to abscisic acid in apple. Ectopically expressed MdZAT10 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination and seedling growth. These results indicate that MdZAT10 plays a negative regulator in the drought resistance, which can provide theoretical basis for further molecular mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chong-Yang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jian-Ping An
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Da-Ru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Evolutionary and Characteristic Analysis of RING-DUF1117 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Genes in Gossypium Discerning the Role of GhRDUF4D in Verticillium dahliae Resistance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081145. [PMID: 34439811 PMCID: PMC8392396 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, primarily induced by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a serious threat to cotton fiber production. There are a large number of really interesting new gene (RING) domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases in Arabidopsis, of which three (At2g39720 (AtRHC2A), At3g46620 (AtRDUF1), and At5g59550 (AtRDUF2)) have a domain of unknown function (DUF) 1117 domain in their C-terminal regions. This study aimed to detect and characterize the RDUF members in cotton, to gain an insight into their roles in cotton’s adaptation to environmental stressors. In this study, a total of 6, 7, 14, and 14 RDUF (RING-DUF1117) genes were detected in Gossypium arboretum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, and G. barbadense, respectively. These RDUF genes were classified into three groups. The genes in each group were highly conserved based on gene structure and domain analysis. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplication occurred during cotton evolution. Expression analysis revealed that the GhRDUF genes were widely expressed during cotton growth and under abiotic stresses. Many cis-elements related to hormone response and environment stressors were identified in GhRDUF promoters. The predicted target miRNAs and transcription factors implied that GhRDUFs might be regulated by gra-miR482c, as well as by transcription factors, including MYB, C2H2, and Dof. The GhRDUF genes responded to cold, drought, and salt stress and were sensitive to jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene signals. Meanwhile, GhRDUF4D expression levels were enhanced after V. dahliae infection. Subsequently, GhRDUF4D was verified by overexpression in Arabidopsis and virus-induced gene silencing treatment in upland cotton. We observed that V. dahliae resistance was significantly enhanced in transgenic Arabidopsis, and weakened in GhRDUF4D silenced plants. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the RDUF genes in Gossypium, hereby providing basic information for further functional studies.
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Bjornson M, Pimprikar P, Nürnberger T, Zipfel C. The transcriptional landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana pattern-triggered immunity. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:579-586. [PMID: 33723429 PMCID: PMC7610817 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants tailor their metabolism to environmental conditions, in part through the recognition of a wide array of self and non-self molecules. In particular, the perception of microbial or plant-derived molecular patterns by cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces pattern-triggered immunity, which includes massive transcriptional reprogramming1. An increasing number of plant PRRs and corresponding ligands are known, but whether plants tune their immune outputs to patterns of different biological origins or of different biochemical natures remains mostly unclear. Here, we performed a detailed transcriptomic analysis in an early time series focused to study rapid-signalling transcriptional outputs induced by well-characterized patterns in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This revealed that the transcriptional responses to diverse patterns (independent of their origin, biochemical nature or type of PRR) are remarkably congruent. Moreover, many of the genes most rapidly and commonly upregulated by patterns are also induced by abiotic stresses, suggesting that the early transcriptional response to patterns is part of the plant general stress response (GSR). As such, plant cells' response is in the first instance mostly to danger. Notably, the genetic impairment of the GSR reduces pattern-induced antibacterial immunity, confirming the biological relevance of this initial danger response. Importantly, the definition of a small subset of 'core immunity response' genes common and specific to pattern response revealed the function of previously uncharacterized GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) calcium-permeable channels in immunity. This study thus illustrates general and unique properties of early immune transcriptional reprogramming and uncovers important components of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bjornson
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Priya Pimprikar
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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25
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De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Rough Lemon Leaves ( Citrus jambhiri Lush.) in Response to Plenodomus tracheiphilus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020882. [PMID: 33477297 PMCID: PMC7830309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mal secco is one of the most severe diseases of citrus, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus. With the main aim of identifying candidate genes involved in the response of citrus plants to "Mal secco", we performed a de novo transcriptome analysis of rough lemon seedlings subjected to inoculation of P. tracheiphilus. The analysis of differential expressed genes (DEGs) highlighted a sharp response triggered by the pathogen as a total of 4986 significant DEGs (2865 genes up-regulated and 2121 down-regulated) have been revealed. The analysis of the most significantly enriched KEGG pathways indicated that a crucial role is played by genes involved in "Plant hormone signal transduction", "Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis", and "Carbon metabolism". The main findings of this work are that under fungus challenge, the rough lemon genes involved both in the light harvesting and the photosynthetic electron flow were significantly down-regulated, thus probably inducing a shortage of energy for cellular functions. Moreover, the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was activated through the induced salicylic acid cascade. Interestingly, RPM1 interacting protein 4, an essential positive regulator of plant defense, and BIR2, which is a negative regulator of basal level of immunity, have been identified thus representing useful targets for molecular breeding.
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26
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Ramos RN, Martin GB, Pombo MA, Rosli HG. WRKY22 and WRKY25 transcription factors are positive regulators of defense responses in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:65-82. [PMID: 32909182 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NbWRKY22 and NbWRKY25 are required for full activation of bacteria-associated pattern- and effector-triggered immunity as well as for the response to other non-bacterial defense elicitors. Plants defend themselves against pathogens using a two-layered immune system. Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) can be activated upon recognition of epitopes from flagellin including flg22. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) delivers effector proteins into the plant cell to promote host susceptibility. However, some plants express resistance (R) proteins that recognize specific effectors leading to the activation of effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Resistant tomato lines such as Rio Grande-PtoR (RG-PtoR) recognize two Pst effectors, AvrPto and AvrPtoB, and activate ETI through the Pto/Prf protein complex. Using RNA-seq, we identified two tomato WRKY transcription factor genes, SlWRKY22 and SlWRKY25, whose expression is increased during Pst-induced ETI. Silencing of the WRKY25/22 orthologous genes in Nicotiana benthamiana led to a delay in programmed cell death normally associated with AvrPto recognition or several non-bacterial effector/R protein pairs. An increase in disease symptoms was observed in silenced plants infiltrated with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci expressing AvrPto or HopQ1-1. Expression of both tomato WRKY genes is also induced upon treatment with flg22 and callose deposition and cell death suppression assays in WRKY25/22-silenced N. benthamiana plants supported their involvement in PTI. Our results reveal an important role for two WRKYs as positive regulators of plant immunity against bacterial and potentially non-bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina N Ramos
- INFIVE, Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Marina A Pombo
- INFIVE, Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Hernan G Rosli
- INFIVE, Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Cruz DF, De Meyer S, Ampe J, Sprenger H, Herman D, Van Hautegem T, De Block J, Inzé D, Nelissen H, Maere S. Using single-plant-omics in the field to link maize genes to functions and phenotypes. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9667. [PMID: 33346944 PMCID: PMC7751767 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of our current knowledge on plant molecular biology is based on experiments in controlled laboratory environments. However, translating this knowledge from the laboratory to the field is often not straightforward, in part because field growth conditions are very different from laboratory conditions. Here, we test a new experimental design to unravel the molecular wiring of plants and study gene-phenotype relationships directly in the field. We molecularly profiled a set of individual maize plants of the same inbred background grown in the same field and used the resulting data to predict the phenotypes of individual plants and the function of maize genes. We show that the field transcriptomes of individual plants contain as much information on maize gene function as traditional laboratory-generated transcriptomes of pooled plant samples subject to controlled perturbations. Moreover, we show that field-generated transcriptome and metabolome data can be used to quantitatively predict individual plant phenotypes. Our results show that profiling individual plants in the field is a promising experimental design that could help narrow the lab-field gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Felipe Cruz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Sam De Meyer
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Joke Ampe
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Heike Sprenger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Dorota Herman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Tom Van Hautegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Jolien De Block
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
| | - Steven Maere
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and BioinformaticsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems BiologyGhentBelgium
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28
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Chatukuta P, Rey MEC. A cassava protoplast system for screening genes associated with the response to South African cassava mosaic virus. Virol J 2020; 17:184. [PMID: 33228712 PMCID: PMC7685591 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-01453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study of transient gene expression in cassava plants during virus infection using existing protocols is laborious and may take approximately fifteen weeks due to cassava’s recalcitrance to transformation. The combination of a protoplast system with CRISPR-mediated gene editing promises to shorten the turnaround time from plant tissue culture to high-throughput gene expression screening for candidate genes. Here, we detail a protocol for screening genes associated with the response to South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV) in cassava protoplasts, with reference to the ubiquitin E3 ligase gene, MeE3L.
Methods Cassava protoplasts of model, and SACMV-susceptible and -tolerant genotypes, were transformed with SACMV infectious clones and/or a CRISPR-editing construct targeting the MeE3L using PEG4000-mediated transfection. DNA and RNA were extracted from transformed protoplasts at 24 h post-transfection. Relative SACMV DNA accumulation was determined via qPCR using DpnI-digested total DNA, MeE3L relative expression was determined via reverse transcriptase qPCR, and results were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test and the 2−ΔΔCTstatistical method. The MeE3L exonic region was sequenced on the ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyzer platform; and sequences were analysed for mutations using MAFTT and MEGA-X software. Construction of a phylogenetic tree was done using the Maximum Likelihood method and Jones-Taylor-Thornton (JTT) matrix-based model. Results The differential expression of unedited and mutant MeE3L during SACMV infection of model, susceptible and tolerant cassava protoplasts was determined within 7 weeks after commencement of tissue culture. The study also revealed that SACMV DNA accumulation in cassava protoplasts is genotype-dependent and induces multiple mutations in the tolerant landrace MeE3L homolog. Notably, the susceptible cassava landrace encodes a RINGless MeE3Lwhich is silenced by SACMV-induced mutations. SACMV also induces mutations which silence the MeE3L RING domain in protoplasts from and tolerant cassava landraces. Conclusions This protocol presented here halves the turnaround time for high-throughput screening of genes associated with the host response to SACMV. It provides evidence that a cassava E3 ligase is associated with the response to SACMV and forms a basis for validation of these findings by in planta functional and interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patience Chatukuta
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marie Emma Christine Rey
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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29
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Almeida-Silva F, Moharana KC, Machado FB, Venancio TM. Exploring the complexity of soybean (Glycine max) transcriptional regulation using global gene co-expression networks. PLANTA 2020; 252:104. [PMID: 33196909 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We report a soybean gene co-expression network built with data from 1284 RNA-Seq experiments, which was used to identify important regulators, modules and to elucidate the fates of gene duplicates. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most important crops worldwide, constituting a major source of protein and edible oil. Gene co-expression networks (GCN) have been extensively used to study transcriptional regulation and evolution of genes and genomes. Here, we report a soybean GCN using 1284 publicly available RNA-Seq samples from 15 distinct tissues. We found modules that are differentially regulated in specific tissues, comprising processes such as photosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, lignin metabolism, and response to biotic stress. We identified transcription factors among intramodular hubs, which probably integrate different pathways and shape the transcriptional landscape in different conditions. The top hubs for each module tend to encode proteins with critical roles, such as succinate dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase subunits. Importantly, gene essentiality was strongly correlated with degree centrality and essential hubs were enriched in genes involved in nucleic acids metabolism and regulation of cell replication. Using a guilt-by-association approach, we predicted functions for 93 of 106 hubs without functional description in soybean. Most of the duplicated genes had different transcriptional profiles, supporting their functional divergence, although paralogs originating from whole-genome duplications (WGD) are more often preserved in the same module than those from other mechanisms. Together, our results highlight the importance of GCN analysis in unraveling key functional aspects of the soybean genome, in particular those associated with hub genes and WGD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Almeida-Silva
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kanhu C Moharana
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabricio B Machado
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego 2000, P5, sala 217, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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30
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Liu Y, Wang W, Yang B, Currey C, Fei SZ. Functional Analysis of the teosinte branched 1 Gene in the Tetraploid Switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) by CRISPR/Cas9-Directed Mutagenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:572193. [PMID: 33101338 PMCID: PMC7546813 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.572193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Tillering is an important biomass yield component trait in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Teosinte branched 1 (tb1)/Branched 1 (BRC1) gene is a known regulator for tillering/branching in several plant species; however, its role on tillering in switchgrass remains unknown. Here, we report physiological and molecular characterization of mutants created by CRISPR/Cas9. We successfully obtained nonchimeric Pvtb1a and Pvtb1b mutants from chimeric T0 mutants using nodal culture. The biallelic Pvtb1a-Pvtb1b mutant plants produced significantly more tillers and higher fresh weight biomass than the wild-type plants. The increased tiller number in the mutant plants resulted primarily from hastened outgrowth of lower axillary buds. Increased tillers were also observed in transgene-free BC1 monoallelic mutants for either Pvtb1a-Pvtb1b or Pvtb1b gene alone, suggesting Pvtb1 genes act in a dosage-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis showed 831 genes were differentially expressed in the Pvtb1a-Pvtb1b double knockdown mutant. Gene Ontology analysis revealed downregulation of Pvtb1 genes affected multiple biological processes, including transcription, flower development, cell differentiation, and stress/defense responses in edited plants. This study demonstrates that Pvtb1 genes play a pivotal role in tiller production as a negative regulator in switchgrass and provides opportunities for further research aiming to elucidate the molecular pathway regulating tillering in switchgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Interdepartmental Program in Plant Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Weiling Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher Currey
- Interdepartmental Program in Plant Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Shui-zhang Fei
- Interdepartmental Program in Plant Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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31
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Zou J, Zhang Z, Yu S, Kang Q, Shi Y, Wang J, Zhu R, Ma C, Chen L, Wang J, Li J, Li Q, Liu X, Zhu J, Wu X, Hu Z, Qi Z, Liu C, Chen Q, Xin D. Responses of Soybean Genes in the Substituted Segments of Segment Substitution Lines Following a Xanthomonas Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:972. [PMID: 32719700 PMCID: PMC7351525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight, which is one of the most common soybean diseases, is responsible for considerable yield losses. In this study, a novel Xanthomonas vasicola strain was isolated from the leaves of soybean plants infected with bacterial blight under field conditions. Sequencing the X. vasicola genome revealed type-III effector-coding genes. Moreover, the hrpG deletion mutant was constructed. To identify the soybean genes responsive to HrpG, two chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) carrying the wild soybean genome, but with opposite phenotypes following Xanthomonas inoculations, were used to analyze gene expression networks based on RNA sequencing at three time points after inoculations with wild-type Xanthomonas or the hrpG deletion mutant. To further identify the hub genes underlying soybean responses to HrpG, the genes located on the substituted chromosome segments were examined. Finally, a combined analysis with the QTLs for resistance to Xanthomonas identified 35 hub genes in the substituted chromosomal segments that may help regulate soybean responses to Xanthomonas and HrpG. Furthermore, two candidate genes in the CSSLs might play pivotal roles in response to Xanthomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhaoming Qi
- *Correspondence: Zhaoming Qi, ; Chunyan Liu, ; Qingshan Chen, ; Dawei Xin,
| | - Chunyan Liu
- *Correspondence: Zhaoming Qi, ; Chunyan Liu, ; Qingshan Chen, ; Dawei Xin,
| | - Qingshan Chen
- *Correspondence: Zhaoming Qi, ; Chunyan Liu, ; Qingshan Chen, ; Dawei Xin,
| | - Dawei Xin
- *Correspondence: Zhaoming Qi, ; Chunyan Liu, ; Qingshan Chen, ; Dawei Xin,
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Yoshiyama KO, Aoshima N, Takahashi N, Sakamoto T, Hiruma K, Saijo Y, Hidema J, Umeda M, Kimura S. SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1 acts as a regulator coordinating crosstalk between DNA damage response and immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:321-340. [PMID: 32277429 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants live in constantly changing and often unfavorable or stressful environments. Environmental changes induce biotic and abiotic stress, which, in turn, may cause genomic DNA damage. Hence, plants simultaneously suffer abiotic/biotic stress and DNA damage. However, little information is available on the signaling crosstalk that occurs between DNA damage and abiotic/biotic stresses. Arabidopsis thaliana SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE1 (SOG1) is a pivotal transcription factor that regulates thousands of genes in response to DNA double-strand break (DSB), and we recently reported that SOG1 has a role in immune responses. In the present study, the effects of SOG1 overexpression on the DNA damage and immune responses were examined. Results found that SOG1 overexpression enhances the regulation of numerous downstream genes. Relative to the wild type plants, then, DNA damage responses were observed to be strongly induced. SOG1 overexpression also upregulates chitin (a major components of fungal cell walls) responsive genes in the presence of DSBs, implying that pathogen defense response is activated by DNA damage via SOG1. Further, SOG1 overexpression enhances fungal resistance. These results suggest that SOG1 regulates crosstalk between DNA damage response and the immune response and that plants have evolved a sophisticated defense network to contend with environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Okamoto Yoshiyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Naoki Aoshima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama Kitaku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kei Hiruma
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jun Hidema
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama Kitaku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
- Center for Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo Motoyama Kitaku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan.
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Rigo R, Bazin J, Romero‐Barrios N, Moison M, Lucero L, Christ A, Benhamed M, Blein T, Huguet S, Charon C, Crespi M, Ariel F. The Arabidopsis lncRNA ASCO modulates the transcriptome through interaction with splicing factors. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48977. [PMID: 32285620 PMCID: PMC7202219 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is a major source of transcriptome diversity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as regulators of AS through different molecular mechanisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AS regulators NSRs interact with the ALTERNATIVE SPLICING COMPETITOR (ASCO) lncRNA. Here, we analyze the effect of the knock-down and overexpression of ASCO at the genome-wide level and find a large number of deregulated and differentially spliced genes related to flagellin responses and biotic stress. In agreement, ASCO-silenced plants are more sensitive to flagellin. However, only a minor subset of deregulated genes overlaps with the AS defects of the nsra/b double mutant, suggesting an alternative way of action for ASCO. Using biotin-labeled oligonucleotides for RNA-mediated ribonucleoprotein purification, we show that ASCO binds to the highly conserved spliceosome component PRP8a. ASCO overaccumulation impairs the recognition of specific flagellin-related transcripts by PRP8a. We further show that ASCO also binds to another spliceosome component, SmD1b, indicating that it interacts with multiple splicing factors. Hence, lncRNAs may integrate a dynamic network including spliceosome core proteins, to modulate transcriptome reprogramming in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Rigo
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Jérémie Bazin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Natali Romero‐Barrios
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Michaël Moison
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, FBCBUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
| | - Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, FBCBUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
| | - Aurélie Christ
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Thomas Blein
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Stéphanie Huguet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Céline Charon
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)CNRSINRAUniversities Paris‐Sud, Evry and Paris‐DiderotSorbonne Paris‐CiteUniversity of Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, FBCBUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
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Joshi H, Malik A, Aggarwal S, Munde M, Maitra SS, Adlakha N, Bhatnagar R. In-vitro Detection of Phytopathogenic Fungal Cell Wall by Polyclonal Sera Raised Against Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:10023-10033. [PMID: 31908457 PMCID: PMC6930813 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this research was to generate a tool for the first-line detection of fungal infection in plants. Chitin is one of the unique fungal cell wall polysaccharide which is naturally deacetylated to chitosan upon infection. It is said to be involved in the fungal cell wall modulation and plant-pathogen communication. Therefore, detection of chitosan could be potentially helpful in the detection of fungal contamination. Methods Five different phytopathogenic fungi strains were used for the study. Polyclonal sera were raised in the mice against Trimethylchitosan nanoparticles to generate an enhanced humoral immune response and generate a rich and heterogeneous repertoire of antibodies. The binding affinity of the sera with fungal cell wall was analyzed by ELISA, Langmuir isotherm, confocal microscopy and ITC (Isothermal Calorimetry). Results The raised polyclonal sera could detect chitosan in the fungal cell wall, as analyzed with the different techniques. However, the detection specificity varied among the strains in proportion to the chitin content of their cell wall. Fusarium oxysporum was detected with the highest affinity while Trichoderma reesei was detected with the least affinity by ELISA. Adsorption isotherm, as well as ITC, revealed the specific and high binding capacity. Confocal microscopy also confirmed the detection of all strains used in the study. Conclusion This novel technique employing TMC nanoparticulate system could be potentially used as a source to raise sera against chitosan in an inexpensive and less laborious manner. Rapid detection of fungal contamination by the polyclonal antibodies could help in devising a quick solution. The polyclonal sera are expected to detect a span of epitopes and provide precise detection. The detection system could be advanced for future applications such as food quality control, crop protection, and human fungal infection detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anshu Malik
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soumya Aggarwal
- School of Physical Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Munde
- School of Physical Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subhrangsu Sundar Maitra
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nidhi Adlakha
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Atri C, Akhatar J, Gupta M, Gupta N, Goyal A, Rana K, Kaur R, Mittal M, Sharma A, Singh MP, Sandhu PS, Barbetti MJ, Banga SS. Molecular and genetic analysis of defensive responses of Brassica juncea - B. fruticulosa introgression lines to Sclerotinia infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17089. [PMID: 31745129 PMCID: PMC6864084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a major disease of crop brassicas, with inadequate variation for resistance in primary gene pools. We utilized a wild Brassicaceae species with excellent resistance against stem rot to develop a set of B. juncea - B. fruticulosa introgression lines (ILs). These were assessed for resistance using a highly reproducible stem inoculation technique against a virulent pathogen isolate. Over 40% of ILs showed higher levels of resistance. IL-43, IL-175, IL-215, IL-223 and IL-277 were most resistant ILs over three crop seasons. Sequence reads (21x) from the three most diverse ILs were then used to create B. juncea pseudomolecules, by replacing SNPs of reference B. juncea with those of re-sequenced ILs. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was also carried out for 88 ILs. Resultant sequence tags were then mapped on to the B. juncea pseudomolecules, and SNP genotypes prepared for each IL. Genome wide association studies helped to map resistance responses to stem rot. A total of 13 significant loci were identified on seven B. juncea chromosomes (A01, A03, A04, A05, A08, A09 and B05). Annotation of the genomic region around identified SNPs allowed identification of 20 candidate genes belonging to major disease resistance protein families, including TIR-NBS-LRR class, Chitinase, Malectin/receptor-like protein kinase, defensin-like (DEFL), desulfoglucosinolate sulfotransferase protein and lipoxygenase. A majority of the significant SNPs could be validated using whole genome sequences (21x) from five advanced generation lines being bred for Sclerotinia resistance as compared to three susceptible B. juncea germplasm lines. Our findings not only provide critical new understanding of the defensive pathway of B. fruticulosa resistance, but will also enable development of marker candidates for assisted transfer of introgressed resistant loci in to agronomically superior cultivars of crop Brassica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya Atri
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Javed Akhatar
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Mehak Gupta
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Anna Goyal
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Kusum Rana
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Rimaljeet Kaur
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Meenakshi Mittal
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Anju Sharma
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Mohini Prabha Singh
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhjodh S Sandhu
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Martin J Barbetti
- School of Agriculture and Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Surinder S Banga
- DBT Centre of Excellence on Brassicas, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India.
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Liu Z, Fu M, Li H, Chen Y, Wang L, Liu R. Systematic analysis of NAC transcription factors in Gossypium barbadense uncovers their roles in response to Verticillium wilt. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7995. [PMID: 31720116 PMCID: PMC6839521 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the largest plant-specific gene families, the NAC transcription factor gene family plays important roles in various plant physiological processes that are related to plant development, hormone signaling, and biotic and abiotic stresses. However, systematic investigation of the NAC gene family in sea-island cotton (Gossypium babardense L.) has not been reported, to date. The recent release of the complete genome sequence of sea-island cotton allowed us to perform systematic analyses of G. babardense NAC GbNAC) genes. In this study, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified 270 GbNAC genes in the sea-island cotton genome. Genome mapping analysis showed that GbNAC genes were unevenly distributed on 26 chromosomes. Through phylogenetic analyses of GbNACs along with their Arabidopsis counterparts, these proteins were divided into 10 groups (I–X), and each contained a different number of GbNACs with a similar gene structure and conserved motifs. One hundred and fifty-four duplicated gene pairs were identified, and almost all of them exhibited strong purifying selection during evolution. In addition, various cis-acting regulatory elements in GbNAC genes were found to be related to major hormones, defense and stress responses. Notably, transcriptome data analyses unveiled the expression profiles of 62 GbNAC genes under Verticillium wilt (VW) stress. Furthermore, the expression profiles of 15 GbNAC genes tested by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) demonstrated that they were sensitive to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments and that they could be involved in pathogen-related hormone regulation. Taken together, the genome-wide identification and expression profiling pave new avenues for systematic functional analysis of GbNAC candidates, which may be useful for improving cotton defense against VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanji Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mingchuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Renzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Center of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Umbreen S, Lubega J, Loake GJ. Sulfur: the heart of nitric oxide-dependent redox signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4279-4286. [PMID: 30911750 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), more benign than its more reactive and damaging related molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS), is perfectly suited for duties as a redox signalling molecule. A key route for NO bioactivity is through S-nitrosation, the addition of an NO moiety to a protein Cys thiol (-SH). This redox-based, post-translational modification (PTM) can modify protein function analogous to more well established PTMs such as phosphorylation, for example by modulating enzyme activity, localization, or protein-protein interactions. At the heart of the underpinning chemistry associated with this PTM is sulfur. The emerging evidence suggests that S-nitrosation is integral to a myriad of plant biological processes embedded in both development and environmental relations. However, a role for S-nitrosation is perhaps most well established in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Umbreen
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jibril Lubega
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Bai B, Lu N, Li Y, Guo S, Yin H, He Y, Sun W, Li W, Xie X. OsBBX14 promotes photomorphogenesis in rice by activating OsHY5L1 expression under blue light conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:192-202. [PMID: 31084872 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In rice, OsBBX14, a B-box (BBX) transcription factor, reportedly delays heading. Here, we revealed that OsBBX14 positively regulates rice photomorphogenesis. The OsBBX14-overexpressing (OsBBX14-OX) seedlings were hypersensitive to light, especially blue light, and exhibited dwarfism, while the OsBBX14 knock-out plants (osbbx14) were taller than wild-type plants under blue light. Histological analyses indicated that the observed dwarfism was mainly due to decreased cell length. Additionally, OsBBX14 abundance (mRNA and protein levels) was influenced by different light wavelengths in a time-dependent manner. The expression levels of HY5Ls (LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 LIKE) and ELIPs (EARLY LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN) genes, whose Arabidopsis thaliana homologs function as positive regulators in the light signaling pathway, were significantly upregulated in OsBBX14-OX lines. In contrast, the expression of genes related to cell wall organization and dwarfism was downregulated in OsBBX14-OX lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed that OsBBX14 binds to the T/G-box of HY5L1 (LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 LIKE 1) promoter. LUC complementation imaging (LCI) results suggested that OsBBX14 had physical interaction with OsCRY2 protein. Collectively, in response to blue light, OsBBX14 promotes photomorphogenesis, probably by directly or indirectly regulating the expression of HY5L1 or other genes related to cell wall organization and dwarfism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Bai
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Nannan Lu
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Yaping Li
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Shanli Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Haibo Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Yanan He
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Wen Li
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Xianzhi Xie
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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Baek YS, Goodrich LV, Brown PJ, James BT, Moose SP, Lambert KN, Riechers DE. Transcriptome Profiling and Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal GSTs and Other Defense Genes Involved in Multiple Signaling Pathways Induced by Herbicide Safener in Grain Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:192. [PMID: 30906302 PMCID: PMC6418823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide safeners protect cereal crops from herbicide injury by inducing genes and proteins involved in detoxification reactions, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (P450s). Only a few studies have characterized gene or protein expression profiles for investigating plant responses to safener treatment in cereal crops, and most transcriptome analyses in response to safener treatments have been conducted in dicot model species that are not protected by safener from herbicide injury. In this study, three different approaches were utilized in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to investigate mechanisms involved in safener-regulated signaling pathways. An initial transcriptome analysis was performed to examine global gene expression in etiolated shoot tissues of hybrid grain sorghum following treatment with the sorghum safener, fluxofenim. Most upregulated transcripts encoded detoxification enzymes, including P450s, GSTs, and UDP-dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs). Interestingly, several of these upregulated transcripts are similar to genes involved with the biosynthesis and recycling/catabolism of dhurrin, an important chemical defense compound, in these seedling tissues. Secondly, 761 diverse sorghum inbred lines were evaluated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine key molecular-genetic factors governing safener-mediated signaling mechanisms and/or herbicide detoxification. GWAS revealed a significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with safener-induced response on chromosome 9, located within a phi-class SbGST gene and about 15-kb from a different phi-class SbGST. Lastly, the expression of these two candidate SbGSTs was quantified in etiolated shoot tissues of sorghum inbred BTx623 in response to fluxofenim treatment. SbGSTF1 and SbGSTF2 transcripts increased within 12-hr after fluxofenim treatment but the level of safener-induced expression differed between the two genes. In addition to identifying specific GSTs potentially involved in the safener-mediated detoxification pathway, this research elucidates a new direction for studying both constitutive and inducible mechanisms for chemical defense in cereal crop seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Soon Baek
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Loren V. Goodrich
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Jerseyville Research Center, Monsanto Company, Jerseyville, IL, United States
| | - Patrick J. Brown
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brandon T. James
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Stephen P. Moose
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kris N. Lambert
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Dean E. Riechers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Huang PY, Zhang J, Jiang B, Chan C, Yu JH, Lu YP, Chung K, Zimmerli L. NINJA-associated ERF19 negatively regulates Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1033-1047. [PMID: 30462256 PMCID: PMC6363091 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) derived from invading pathogens by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiates a subset of defense responses known as pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate the onset of PTI through complex signaling networks. Here, we characterized the function of ERF19, a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana ethylene response factor (ERF) family. ERF19 was found to act as a negative regulator of PTI against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae. Notably, overexpression of ERF19 increased plant susceptibility to these pathogens and repressed MAMP-induced PTI outputs. In contrast, expression of the chimeric dominant repressor ERF19-SRDX boosted PTI activation, conferred increased resistance to the fungus B. cinerea, and enhanced elf18-triggered immunity against bacteria. Consistent with a negative role for ERF19 in PTI, MAMP-mediated growth inhibition was weakened or augmented in lines overexpressing ERF19 or expressing ERF19-SRDX, respectively. Using biochemical and genetic approaches, we show that the transcriptional co-repressor Novel INteractor of JAZ (NINJA) associates with and represses the function of ERF19. Our work reveals ERF19 as a novel player in the mitigation of PTI, and highlights a potential role for NINJA in fine-tuning ERF19-mediated regulation of Arabidopsis innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yao Huang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Beier Jiang
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching Chan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-He Yu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Lu
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - KwiMi Chung
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laurent Zimmerli
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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AtMBD4: A methylated DNA binding protein negatively regulates a subset of phosphate starvation genes. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shalmani A, Jing XQ, Shi Y, Muhammad I, Zhou MR, Wei XY, Chen QQ, Li WQ, Liu WT, Chen KM. Characterization of B-BOX gene family and their expression profiles under hormonal, abiotic and metal stresses in Poaceae plants. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30626335 PMCID: PMC6327500 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B-box (BBX) proteins play important roles in plant growth regulation and development including photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Results In the present study we retrieved total 131 BBX members from five Poaceae species including 36 from maize, 30 from rice, 24 from sorghum, 22 from stiff brome, and 19 from Millet. All the BBX genes were grouped into five subfamilies on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and structural features. The expression profiles of 12 OsBBX genes in different tissues were evaluated through qRT-PCR, and we found that most rice BBX members showed high expression level in the heading stage compared to seedling and booting stages. The expression of OsBBX1, OsBBX2, OsBBX8, OsBBX19, and OsBBX24 was strongly induced by abiotic stresses such as drought, cold and salt stresses. Furthermore, the expression of OsBBX2, OsBBX7, OsBBX17, OsBBX19, and OsBBX24 genes was up-regulated under GA, SA and MeJA hormones at different time points. Similarly, the transcripts level of OsBBX1, OsBBX7, OsBBX8, OsBBX17, and OsBBX19 genes were significantly affected by heavy metals such as Fe, Ni, Cr and Cd. Conclusion Change in the expression pattern of BBX members in response to abiotic, hormone and heavy metal stresses signifies their potential roles in plant growth and development and in response to multivariate stresses. The findings suggest that BBX genes could be used as potential genetic markers for the plants, particularly in functional analysis and determining their roles under multivariate stresses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5336-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shalmani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Izhar Muhammad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Meng-Ru Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Shi Q, George J, Krystel J, Zhang S, Lapointe SL, Stelinski LL, Stover E. Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose, a chitin-derived oligosaccharide, transiently activates citrus defenses and alters the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:76. [PMID: 31231534 PMCID: PMC6555843 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a perception system triggered by pathogen and pest signals to initiate defense. These signals include evolutionarily conserved molecules from microbes and insects termed pathogen/herbivore-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/HAMPs). Here we showed that hexaacetyl-chitohexaose (HC), an oligosaccharide from chitin, a structural component in insect exoskeletons and fungi cell walls, upregulated defense-associated genes WRKY22, GST1, RAR1, EDS1, PAL1 and NPR2, and downregulated ICS1 at 1 h after HC treatment in Sun Chu Sha mandarin leaves. The effect was transient as defense gene transcriptional changes were not observed at 18 h after the treatment. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings were used to study the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) following the HC treatment. ACP is the hemipteran vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the pathogen associated with huanglongbing (HLB). Adult ACP displayed reduced intercellular probing, reduced xylem feeding count and duration, and increased non-probing activity on HC-treated citrus compared to controls. During an 18-h recording, percentage for total duration of xylem ingestion, phloem ingestion, intercellular probing were lower, and the percentage of non-probing behavior was higher in HC-treated leaves than in controls. In host-selection behavior studies, HC treatment did not alter the attractiveness of citrus leaves under light or dark conditions. In addition, ACP feeding on HC-treated leaves did not show differences in mortality for up to 10 day of exposure. In summary, we report that HC induced a transient defense in citrus and an inhibitory effect on ACP feeding but did not affect host selection or the insect fitness under the tested conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Shi
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Justin George
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA
| | - Joseph Krystel
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | - Shujian Zhang
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
| | | | - Lukasz L. Stelinski
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA
| | - Ed Stover
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL 34945 USA
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Cimini S, Gualtieri C, Macovei A, Balestrazzi A, De Gara L, Locato V. Redox Balance-DDR-miRNA Triangle: Relevance in Genome Stability and Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:989. [PMID: 31428113 PMCID: PMC6688120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously faced with complex environmental conditions which can affect the oxidative metabolism and photosynthetic efficiency, thus leading to the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Over a certain threshold, ROS can damage DNA. DNA damage, unless repaired, can affect genome stability, thus interfering with cell survival and severely reducing crop productivity. A complex network of pathways involved in DNA damage response (DDR) needs to be activated in order to maintain genome integrity. The expression of specific genes belonging to these pathways can be used as indicators of oxidative DNA damage and effective DNA repair in plants subjected to stress conditions. Managing ROS levels by modulating their production and scavenging systems shifts the role of these compounds from toxic molecules to key messengers involved in plant tolerance acquisition. Oxidative and anti-oxidative signals normally move among the different cell compartments, including the nucleus, cytosol, and organelles. Nuclei are dynamically equipped with different redox systems, such as glutathione (GSH), thiol reductases, and redox regulated transcription factors (TFs). The nuclear redox network participates in the regulation of the DNA metabolism, in terms of transcriptional events, replication, and repair mechanisms. This mainly occurs through redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms comprising redox buffering and post-translational modifications, such as the thiol-disulphide switch, glutathionylation, and S-nitrosylation. The regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) is also emerging for the maintenance of genome stability and the modulation of antioxidative machinery under adverse environmental conditions. In fact, redox systems and DDR pathways can be controlled at a post-transcriptional level by miRNAs. This review reports on the interconnections between the DDR pathways and redox balancing systems. It presents a new dynamic picture by taking into account the shared regulatory mechanism mediated by miRNAs in plant defense responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Gualtieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anca Macovei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alma Balestrazzi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Vittoria Locato,
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Pan Y, Liu Z, Rocheleau H, Fauteux F, Wang Y, McCartney C, Ouellet T. Transcriptome dynamics associated with resistance and susceptibility against fusarium head blight in four wheat genotypes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:642. [PMID: 30157778 PMCID: PMC6116500 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in North America is caused mostly by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Upon exposure to Fg, wheat initiates a series of cellular responses involving massive transcriptional reprogramming. In this study, we analyzed transcriptomics data of four wheat genotypes (Nyubai, Wuhan 1, HC374, and Shaw), at 2 and 4 days post inoculation (dpi) with Fg, using RNA-seq technology. Results A total of 37,772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 28,961 from wheat and 8811 from the pathogen. The susceptible genotype Shaw exhibited the highest number of host and pathogen DEGs, including 2270 DEGs associating with FHB susceptibility. Protein serine/threonine kinases and LRR-RK were associated with susceptibility at 2 dpi, while several ethylene-responsive, WRKY, Myb, bZIP and NAC-domain containing transcription factors were associated with susceptibility at 4 dpi. In the three resistant genotypes, 220 DEGs were associated with resistance. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), membrane proteins and distinct LRR-RKs were associated with FHB resistance across the three genotypes. Genes with unique, high up-regulation by Fg in Wuhan 1 were mostly transiently expressed at 2 dpi, while many defense-associated genes were up-regulated at both 2 and 4 dpi in Nyubai; the majority of unique genes up-regulated in HC374 were detected at 4 dpi only. In the pathogen, most genes showed increased expression between 2 and 4 dpi in all genotypes, with stronger levels in the susceptible host; however two pectate lyases and a hydrolase were expressed higher at 2 dpi, and acetyltransferase activity was highly enriched at 4 dpi. Conclusions There was an early up-regulation of LRR-RKs, different between susceptible and resistant genotypes; subsequently, distinct sets of genes associated with defense response were up-regulated. Differences in expression profiles among the resistant genotypes indicate genotype-specific defense mechanisms. This study also shows a greater resemblance in transcriptomics of HC374 to Nyubai, consistent with their sharing of two FHB resistance QTLs on 3BS and 5AS, compared to Wuhan 1 which carries one QTL on 2DL in common with HC374. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5012-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlian Pan
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Ziying Liu
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Hélène Rocheleau
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, AAFC, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - François Fauteux
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yunli Wang
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Curt McCartney
- Morden Research and Development Centre, AAFC, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Thérèse Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, AAFC, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
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46
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Pan Y, Liu Z, Rocheleau H, Fauteux F, Wang Y, McCartney C, Ouellet T. Transcriptome dynamics associated with resistance and susceptibility against fusarium head blight in four wheat genotypes. BMC Genomics 2018. [PMID: 30157778 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5012-5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat in North America is caused mostly by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum (Fg). Upon exposure to Fg, wheat initiates a series of cellular responses involving massive transcriptional reprogramming. In this study, we analyzed transcriptomics data of four wheat genotypes (Nyubai, Wuhan 1, HC374, and Shaw), at 2 and 4 days post inoculation (dpi) with Fg, using RNA-seq technology. RESULTS A total of 37,772 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, 28,961 from wheat and 8811 from the pathogen. The susceptible genotype Shaw exhibited the highest number of host and pathogen DEGs, including 2270 DEGs associating with FHB susceptibility. Protein serine/threonine kinases and LRR-RK were associated with susceptibility at 2 dpi, while several ethylene-responsive, WRKY, Myb, bZIP and NAC-domain containing transcription factors were associated with susceptibility at 4 dpi. In the three resistant genotypes, 220 DEGs were associated with resistance. Glutathione S-transferase (GST), membrane proteins and distinct LRR-RKs were associated with FHB resistance across the three genotypes. Genes with unique, high up-regulation by Fg in Wuhan 1 were mostly transiently expressed at 2 dpi, while many defense-associated genes were up-regulated at both 2 and 4 dpi in Nyubai; the majority of unique genes up-regulated in HC374 were detected at 4 dpi only. In the pathogen, most genes showed increased expression between 2 and 4 dpi in all genotypes, with stronger levels in the susceptible host; however two pectate lyases and a hydrolase were expressed higher at 2 dpi, and acetyltransferase activity was highly enriched at 4 dpi. CONCLUSIONS There was an early up-regulation of LRR-RKs, different between susceptible and resistant genotypes; subsequently, distinct sets of genes associated with defense response were up-regulated. Differences in expression profiles among the resistant genotypes indicate genotype-specific defense mechanisms. This study also shows a greater resemblance in transcriptomics of HC374 to Nyubai, consistent with their sharing of two FHB resistance QTLs on 3BS and 5AS, compared to Wuhan 1 which carries one QTL on 2DL in common with HC374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlian Pan
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Ziying Liu
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Hélène Rocheleau
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, AAFC, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - François Fauteux
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Yunli Wang
- Digital Technologies Research Centre, NRC, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Curt McCartney
- Morden Research and Development Centre, AAFC, 101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Thérèse Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, AAFC, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada.
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Normal and Abortive Buds Transcriptomic Profiling of Broccoli ogu Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and Its Maintainer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092501. [PMID: 30149512 PMCID: PMC6165216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bud abortion is the main factor affecting hybrid seeds’ yield during broccoli cross breeding when using ogura cytoplasmic male sterile (ogu CMS) lines. However, the genes associated with bud abortion are poorly understood. We applied RNA sequencing to analyze the transcriptomes of normal and abortive buds of broccoli maintainer and ogu CMS lines. Functional analysis showed that among the 54,753 annotated unigenes obtained, 74 and 21 differentially expressed genes in common were upregulated and downregulated in ogu CMS abortive buds compared with ogu CMS normal buds, maintainer normal, and abortive buds, respectively. Nineteen of the common differentially expressed genes were enriched by GO terms associated with glycosyl hydrolases, reactive oxygen species scavenging, inhibitor, and protein degradation. Ethylene-responsive transcription factor 115 and transcriptional factor basic helix-loop-helix 137 were significantly upregulated; transcription factors DUO1 and PosF21/RF2a/BZIP34 were downregulated in ogu CMS abortive buds compared with the other groups. Genes related to polygalacturonase metabolism, glycosyl hydrolases, oxidation reduction process, phenylalanine metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were significantly changed in ogu CMS abortive buds. Our results increase our understanding of bud abortion, provide a valuable resource for further functional characterization of ogu CMS during bud abortion, and will aid in future cross breeding of Brassica crops.
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Arena GD, Ramos-González PL, Rogerio LA, Ribeiro-Alves M, Casteel CL, Freitas-Astúa J, Machado MA. Making a Better Home: Modulation of Plant Defensive Response by Brevipalpus Mites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1147. [PMID: 30158942 PMCID: PMC6104575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
False-spider mites of the genus Brevipalpus are highly polyphagous pests that attack hundreds of plant species of distinct families worldwide. Besides causing direct damage, these mites may also act as vectors of many plant viruses that threaten high-value ornamental plants like orchids and economically important crops such as citrus and coffee. To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind plant-mite interaction we used an RNA-Seq approach to assess the global response of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) plants along the course of the infestation with Brevipalpus yothersi, the main vector species within the genus. Mite infestation triggered a drastic transcriptome reprogramming soon at the beginning of the interaction and throughout the time course, deregulating 1755, 3069 and 2680 genes at 6 hours after infestation (hai), 2 days after infestation (dai), and 6 dai, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a clear modulation of processes related to the plant immune system. Co-expressed genes correlated with specific classes of transcription factors regulating defense pathways and developmental processes. Up-regulation of defensive responses correlated with the down-regulation of growth-related processes, suggesting the triggering of the growth-defense crosstalk to optimize plant fitness. Biological processes (BPs) enriched at all time points were markedly related to defense against herbivores and other biotic stresses involving the defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Levels of both hormones were higher in plants challenged with mites than in the non-infested ones, supporting the simultaneous induction of genes from both pathways. To further clarify the functional relevance of the plant hormonal pathways on the interaction, we evaluated the mite performance on Arabidopsis mutants impaired in SA- or JA-mediated response. Mite oviposition was lower on mutants defective in SA biosynthesis (sid2) and signaling (npr1), showing a function for SA pathway in improving the mite reproduction, an unusual mechanism compared to closely-related spider mites. Here we provide the first report on the global and dynamic plant transcriptome triggered by Brevipalpus feeding, extending our knowledge on plant-mite interaction. Furthermore, our results suggest that Brevipalpus mites manipulate the plant defensive response to render the plant more susceptible to their colonization by inducing the SA-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D. Arena
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Luana A. Rogerio
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clare L. Casteel
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Fitopatológica, Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, Brazil
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Cordeirópolis, Brazil
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Pusztahelyi T. Chitin and chitin-related compounds in plant-fungal interactions. Mycology 2018; 9:189-201. [PMID: 30181925 PMCID: PMC6115883 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1473299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second abundant polysaccharide in the world after cellulose. It is a vital structural component of the fungal cell wall but not for plants. In plants, fungi are recognised through the perception of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to induce MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Chitin polymers and their modified form, chitosan, induce host defence responses in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The plants' response to chitin, chitosan, and derived oligosaccharides depends on the acetylation degree of these compounds which indicates possible biocontrol regulation of plant immune system. There has also been a considerable amount of recent research aimed at elucidating the roles of chitin hydrolases in fungi and plants as chitinase production in plants is not considered solely as an antifungal resistance mechanism. We discuss the importance of chitin forms and chitinases in the plant-fungal interactions and their role in persistent and possible biocontrol. Abbreviations ET, ethylene; GAP, GTPase-activating protein; GEF, GDP/GTP exchange factor; JA, jasmonic acid; LysM, lysin motif; MAMP, microbe-associated molecular pattern; MTI, MAMP-triggered immunity; NBS, nucleotide-binding site; NBS-LRR, nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeats; PM, powdery mildew; PR, pathogenesis-related; RBOH, respiratory burst oxidase homolog; RLK, receptor-like kinase; RLP, receptor-like protein; SA, salicylic acid; TF, transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Pusztahelyi
- Central Laboratory of Agricultural and Food Products, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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50
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Wong DCJ, Ariani P, Castellarin S, Polverari A, Vandelle E. Co-expression network analysis and cis-regulatory element enrichment determine putative functions and regulatory mechanisms of grapevine ATL E3 ubiquitin ligases. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3151. [PMID: 29453355 PMCID: PMC5816651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana Toxicos en Levadura (ATL) proteins are a subclass of the RING-H2 zinc finger binding E3 ubiquitin ligases. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) ATL family was recently characterized, revealing 96 members that are likely to be involved in several physiological processes through protein ubiquitination. However, the final targets and biological functions of most ATL E3 ligases are still unknown. We analyzed the co-expression networks among grapevine ATL genes across a set of transcriptomic data related to defense and abiotic stress, combined with a condition-independent dataset. This revealed strong correlations between ATL proteins and diverse signal transduction components and transcriptional regulators, in particular those involved in immunity. An enrichment analysis of cis-regulatory elements in ATL gene promoters and related co-expressed genes highlighted the importance of hormones in the regulation of ATL gene expression. Our work identified several ATL proteins as candidates for further studies aiming to decipher specific grapevine resistance mechanisms activated in response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Wong
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Pietro Ariani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Simone Castellarin
- Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Annalisa Polverari
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
| | - Elodie Vandelle
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy.
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