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Kostecki KL, Iida M, Crossman BE, Salgia R, Harari PM, Bruce JY, Wheeler DL. Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:312. [PMID: 38254801 PMCID: PMC10814769 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of the aerodigestive tract and are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco use, and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases of HNC are diagnosed each year, making it the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, and while these treatments are still the backbone of current therapy, several immunotherapies have recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role of the immune system in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been explored since the early 20th century, eventually coalescing into the current three-phase model of cancer immunoediting. During each of the three phases-elimination, equilibrium, and escape-cancer cells develop and utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain in the final phase, escape, at which point the tumor is able to grow and metastasize with little to no detrimental interference from the immune system. In this review, we summarize the many strategies used by HNC to escape the immune system, which include ways to evade immune detection, resist immune cell attacks, inhibit immune cell functions, and recruit pro-tumor immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourtney L. Kostecki
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Mari Iida
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Bridget E. Crossman
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Paul M. Harari
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Justine Y. Bruce
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Deric L. Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (K.L.K.); (M.I.); (B.E.C.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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2
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Caruntu A, Scheau C, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Calenic B, Caruntu C, Tanase C. The Assessment of Serum Cytokines in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: An Observational Prospective Controlled Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185398. [PMID: 36143043 PMCID: PMC9503270 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex interweb of cells and mediators balancing carcinogenesis, inflammation, and the immune response. However, cytokines are not only secreted within the TME but also released by a variety of other cells that do not comprise the TME; therefore, a thorough assessment of humoral changes in OSCC should include the measurement of serum cytokines. Methods: We assessed the role of various serum cytokines in the evolution of OSCC, before and after treatment, versus a control group. We measured the serum concentrations of MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Results: Significantly higher values (p < 0.01) were noted for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α in the OSCC group before treatment (n = 13) compared with the control group (n = 14), and the increased concentrations persisted after treatment (n = 11). Furthermore, the variations in the values of MIP-1α, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α are correlated both before and after treatment (p < 0.01). In the pretherapeutic group, IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations also correlate with IL-1β and IL-10 serum levels (p < 0.01), while in the posttherapeutic group, IL-4 varies with MIP-1α and TNF-α (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In OSCC patients, serum cytokine levels are significantly higher compared with control, but they are not significantly altered by treatment, therefore implying that they are also influenced by systemic factors. The interactions between all involved cytokines and the various pathways they regulate warrant further studies to clarify their definitive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry-Proteomic Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Biochemistry-Proteomic Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Calenic
- Centre for Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Biochemistry-Proteomic Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, "Titu Maiorescu" University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
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3
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Tavares LP, Negreiros-Lima GL, Lima KM, E Silva PMR, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. Blame the signaling: Role of cAMP for the resolution of inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105030. [PMID: 32562817 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A complex intracellular signaling governs different cellular responses in inflammation. Extracellular stimuli are sensed, amplified, and transduced through a dynamic cellular network of messengers converting the first signal into a proper response: production of specific mediators, cell activation, survival, or death. Several overlapping pathways are coordinated to ensure specific and timely induction of inflammation to neutralize potential harms to the tissue. Ideally, the inflammatory response must be controlled and self-limited. Resolution of inflammation is an active process that culminates with termination of inflammation and restoration of tissue homeostasis. Comparably to the onset of inflammation, resolution responses are triggered by coordinated intracellular signaling pathways that transduce the message to the nucleus. However, the key messengers and pathways involved in signaling transduction for resolution are still poorly understood in comparison to the inflammatory network. cAMP has long been recognized as an inducer of anti-inflammatory responses and cAMP-dependent pathways have been extensively exploited pharmacologically to treat inflammatory diseases. Recently, cAMP has been pointed out as coordinator of key steps of resolution of inflammation. Here, we summarize the evidence for the role of cAMP at inducing important features of resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana P Tavares
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA..
| | - Graziele L Negreiros-Lima
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Kátia M Lima
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia M R E Silva
- Inflammation Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Morphology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Wichmann G, Gaede C, Melzer S, Bocsi J, Henger S, Engel C, Wirkner K, Wenning JR, Wald T, Freitag J, Willner M, Kolb M, Wiegand S, Löffler M, Dietz A, Tárnok A. Discrimination of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients and Healthy Adults by 10-Color Flow Cytometry: Development of a Score Based on Leukocyte Subsets. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060814. [PMID: 31212819 PMCID: PMC6628584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Leukocytes in peripheral blood (PB) are prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer patients (HNSCC-CPs), but differences between HNSCC-CPs and healthy adults (HAs) are insufficiently described. Methods: 10-color flow cytometry (FCM) was used for in-depth immunophenotyping of PB samples of 963 HAs and 101 therapy-naïve HNSCC-CPs. Absolute (AbsCC) and relative cell counts (RelCC) of leukocyte subsets were determined. A training cohort (TC) of 43 HNSCC-CPs and 43 HAs, propensity score (PS)-matched according to age, sex, alcohol, and smoking, was used to develop a score consecutively approved in a validation cohort (VC). Results: Differences in AbsCC were detected in leukocyte subsets (p < 0.001), but had low power in discriminating HNSCC-CPs and HAs. Consequently, RelCC of nine leukocyte subsets in the TC were used to calculate 36 ratios; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves defined optimum cut-off values. Binary classified data were combined in a score based on four ratios: monocytes-to-granulocytes (MGR), classical monocytes-to-monocytes (clMMR), monocytes-to-lymphocytes (MLR), and monocytes-to-T-lymphocytes (MTLR); ≥3 points accurately discriminate HNSCC-CPs and HAs in the PS-matched TC (p = 2.97 × 10−17), the VC (p = 4.404 × 10−178), and both combined (p = 7.74 × 10−199). Conclusions: RelCC of leukocyte subsets in PB of HNSCC-CPs differ significantly from those of HAs. A score based on MGR, clMMR, MLR, and MTLR allows for accurate discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Wichmann
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Clara Gaede
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Susanne Melzer
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jozsef Bocsi
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Henger
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 10-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christoph Engel
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 10-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - John Ross Wenning
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Theresa Wald
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Josefine Freitag
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Maria Willner
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marlen Kolb
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Susanne Wiegand
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Markus Löffler
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 10-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietz
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Attila Tárnok
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Perlickstr. 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Gärtner K, Battke C, Dünzkofer J, Hüls C, von Neubeck B, Kellner MK, Fiestas E, Fackler S, Lang S, Zeidler R. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles activate primary monocytes. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2013-2020. [PMID: 29601673 PMCID: PMC5943417 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells educate immune effector cells in their vicinity by releasing factors that manipulate their phenotype and function. In fact, the thus generated immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes an integral part and a hallmark of solid tumors and contributes significantly to tumor development and immune escape. It has long been thought that soluble factors like prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β are the main mediators of these effects. But tumor cells also constantly release large number of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are important conveyors of immune responses. We show here that tumor-derived EVs interact with primary monocytes and induce an activated phenotype, which is also observed in tumor-associated macrophages. Thus, both tumor-derived EVs and soluble factors together collaborate to form the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gärtner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Battke
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Dünzkofer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Hüls
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina von Neubeck
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Mar-Kus Kellner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Fiestas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Fackler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
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Tuohy JL, Lascelles BDX, Griffith EH, Fogle JE. Association of Canine Osteosarcoma and Monocyte Phenotype and Chemotactic Function. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1167-78. [PMID: 27338235 PMCID: PMC5094498 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monocytes/macrophages are likely key cells in immune modulation in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA). Increased peripheral monocyte counts are negatively correlated with shorter disease‐free intervals in dogs with OSA. Understanding the monocyte/macrophage's modulatory role in dogs with OSA can direct further studies in immunotherapy development for OSA. Hypothesis/Objectives That OSA evades the immune response by down‐regulating monocyte chemokine receptor expression and migratory function, and suppresses host immune responses. Animals Eighteen dogs with OSA that have not received definitive treatment and 14 healthy age‐matched controls Methods Clinical study—expression of peripheral blood monocyte cell surface receptors, monocyte mRNA expression and cytokine secretion, monocyte chemotaxis, and survival were compared between clinical dogs with OSA and healthy control dogs. Results Cell surface expression of multiple chemokine receptors is significantly down‐regulated in peripheral blood monocytes of dogs with OSA. The percentage expression of CCR2 (median 58%, range 2–94%) and CXCR2 expression (median 54%, range 2–92%) was higher in control dogs compared to dogs with OSA (CCR2 median 29%, range 3–45%, P = 0.0006; CXCR2 median 23%, range 0.2–52%, P = 0.0007). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (OSA, median 347.36 pg/mL, range 103.4–1268.5; control, 136.23 pg/mL, range 69.93–542.6, P = .04) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) (P = .02) levels are increased in OSA monocyte culture supernatants compared to controls. Peripheral blood monocytes of dogs with OSA exhibit decreased chemotactic function when compared to control dogs (OSA, median 1.2 directed to random migration, range 0.8–1.25; control, 1.6, range of 0.9–1.8, P = .018). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Dogs with OSA have decreased monocyte chemokine receptor expression and monocyte chemotaxis, potential mechanisms by which OSA might evade the immune response. Reversal of monocyte dysfunction using immunotherapy could improve survival in dogs with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tuohy
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - B D X Lascelles
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Center for Pain Research and Innovation, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - E H Griffith
- Department of Statistics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - J E Fogle
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.,Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Modulation of Cytokines Production by Indomethacin Acute Dose during the Evolution of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:924028. [PMID: 26347589 PMCID: PMC4549603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/924028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a nonselective COX1/COX2 inhibitor (indomethacin) on tumor growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor (EAT) in mice, using as parameters the tumor growth and cytokine profile. Mice were inoculated with EAT cells and treated with indomethacin. After 1, 3, 6, 10, and 13 days the animals were evaluated for the secretion of TNFα, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13 and PGE2 level in peritoneal cavity. The results have shown that EAT induces PGE2 production and increases tumor cells number from the 10th day. The cytokine profile showed EAT induces production of IL-6 from 10th day and of IL-2 on 13th day; the other studied cytokines were not affected in a significant way. The indomethacin treatment of EAT-bearing mice inhibited the tumor growth and PGE2 synthesis from the 10th day. In addition, the treatment of EAT-bearing mice with indomethacin has stimulated the IL-13 production and has significantly inhibited IL-6 in the 13th day of tumor growth. Taken together, the results have demonstrated that EAT growth is modulated by PGE2 and the inhibition of the tumor growth could be partly related to suppression of IL-6 and induction of IL-13.
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Park TY, Baik EJ, Lee SH. Prostaglandin E₂-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression is mediated by cAMP/Epac signalling modules in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:604-18. [PMID: 23317035 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) has been implicated in the regulation of adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion and infiltration into inflamed site. However, the underlying mechanism therein involved remains ill-defined. In this study, we explored its cellular mechanism of action in the regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the brain endothelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH bEnd.3 cells, the murine cerebrovascular endothelial cell line and primary mouse brain endothelial cells were treated with PGE₂ with or without agonists/antagonists of PGE₂ receptors and associated signalling molecules. ICAM-1 expression, Akt phosphorylation and activity of NF-κB were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblot analysis, luciferase assay and immunocytochemistry. KEY RESULTS PGE₂ significantly up-regulated the expression of ICAM-1, which was blocked by EP4 antagonist (ONO-AE2-227) and knock-down of EP4. PGE₂ effects were mimicked by forskolin, dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) and an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) activator (8-Cpt-cAMP) but not a protein kinase A activator (N⁶-Bnz-cAMP). PGE₂-induced ICAM-1 expression was reduced by knock-down of Epac1. A PI3K specific inhibitor (LY294002), Akt inhibitor VIII (Akti) and NF-κB inhibitors (Bay-11-7082 and MG-132) attenuated the induction of ICAM-1 by PGE₂. PGE₂, dbcAMP and 8-Cpt-cAMP induced the phosphorylation of Akt, IκB kinase and IκBα and the translocation of p65 to the nucleus and increased NF-κB dependent reporter gene activity, which was diminished by Akti. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that PGE₂ induces ICAM-1 expression via EP4 receptor and Epac/Akt/NF-κB signalling pathway in bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells, supporting its pathophysiological role in brain inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeop Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Rolin J, Maghazachi AA. Implications of chemokine receptors and inflammatory lipids in cancer. Immunotargets Ther 2013; 3:9-18. [PMID: 27471696 PMCID: PMC4918230 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s32049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lipids receive much attention due to their important biological activities. Knowledge of the chemokine system has also reached a level that makes it interesting in clinics, which prompted clinical trials into compounds manipulating chemokines or their receptors. However, little attention has been devoted to understand the relations between these two systems. Here, we will review the role of inflammatory lipids and chemokines in innate and adaptive immunity with an attempt to link the two systems and with emphasis on their importance in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rolin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Azzam A Maghazachi
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Pace E, Ferraro M, Vincenzo SD, Bruno A, Giarratano A, Scafidi V, Lipari L, Benedetto DVD, Sciarrino S, Gjomarkaj M. Cigarette smoke increases BLT2 receptor functions in bronchial epithelial cells: in vitro and ex vivo evidence. Immunology 2013; 139:245-55. [PMID: 23347335 PMCID: PMC3647190 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) is a neutrophil chemotactic molecule with important involvement in the inflammatory responses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway epithelium is emerging as a regulator of innate immune responses to a variety of insults including cigarette smoke, the major risk factor for COPD. In this study we have explored whether cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) or soluble mediators present in distal lung fluid samples (mini-bronchoalveolar lavages) from smokers alter the expression of the LTB(4) receptor 2 (BLT2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) in bronchial epithelial cells. We also evaluated the effects of CSE on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and on the binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) to ICAM-1 promoter as well as the adhesiveness of neutrophils to bronchial epithelial cells. CSE and mini-bronchoalveolar lavages from smokers increased BLT2 and ICAM-1 expression as well as the adhesiveness of neutrophils to bronchial epithelial cells and decreased PPAR-α expression. CSE induced the activation of STAT-1 and its binding to ICAM-1 promoter. These findings suggest that, in bronchial epithelial cells, CSE promote a prevalent induction of pro-inflammatory BLT2 receptors and activate mechanisms leading to increased neutrophil adhesion, a mechanism that contributes to airway neutrophilia and to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vincenzo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione e delle'Emergenze, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Scafidi
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
| | - Luana Lipari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze neurologiche, Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Denise Valentina Di Benedetto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Sezione di Otorinolaringoiatria, Università degli Studi di PalermoPalermo, Italy
| | - Serafina Sciarrino
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research CouncilPalermo, Italy
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11
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Schuler PJ, Hoffmann TK, Gauler TC, Bergmann C, Brandau S, Lang S. [Immunotherapy of head and neck cancer. Current developments]. HNO 2012; 61:559-72. [PMID: 23247754 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-012-2635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the prognosis for patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) the introduction of new therapeutic strategies is necessary. The concept of immunotherapy has been applied and improved for several years and recent studies have used tumor-specific antigens which facilitates targeted oncologic therapy. However, immunotherapy is hampered by the fact that immunosuppressive mechanisms are pronounced and relevant effector cells are suppressed, especially in patients with HNSCC. Successful immunotherapy could induce an antitumor immune response by restitution of these cell populations. Current anti-tumor immunotherapy includes unspecific immune stimulation, genetic modification of tumor and immune cells, the use of monoclonal antibodies, e.g. cetuximab, adoptive cell transfer and tumor vaccination. In the future, these biologic therapies alone or in combination with conventional therapeutic regimens could present a valuable therapeutic option for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Schuler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Universität Duisburg-Essen.
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12
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Leung J, Hang L, Blum A, Setiawan T, Stoyanoff K, Weinstock J. Heligmosomoides polygyrus abrogates antigen-specific gut injury in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012; 18:1447-55. [PMID: 22223533 PMCID: PMC4123417 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing countries have a low incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), perhaps prevented by the high prevalence of helminth infections and other alterations in intestinal flora and fauna. Helminth infections prevent colitis in various murine models of IBD. IBD may be driven by an aberrant immune response to luminal antigen(s). METHODS We developed a murine model of IBD in which gut injury was induced by a specific antigen to better simulate the IBD disease process and to determine if helminth infections could abolish gut injury induced by an orally administered antigen. The model features pan-enterocolitis triggered by feeding ovalbumin (OVA). RESULTS The intestinal inflammation is antigen-specific and generates interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), but not IL-4. Full expression of the disease required T cells with defective capacity to make IL-10 and treatment with a noninjurious, low dose of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Exposure to Heligmosomoides polygyrus abrogated this antigen-induced gut injury. H. polygyrus colonization induced Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs) and mucosal production of IL-10 from non-T cells. Lamina propria mononuclear cells from H. polygyrus-infected mice released less IL-17 and IFN-γ constitutively and when stimulated with OVA or anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSIONS We developed a murine IBD model featuring antigen-specific enterocolitis and demonstrate for the first time that gut inflammation induced by an antigen could be abrogated by H. polygyrus infection. Protection was associated with suppressed IL-17 and IFN-γ production, induction of Foxp3(+) Tregs, and elevated secretion of non-T-cell-derived IL-10, all of which could be part of the protective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Long Hang
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Arthur Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Tommy Setiawan
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Karynn Stoyanoff
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
| | - Joel Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center
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13
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Modulation of host natural killer cell functions in breast cancer via prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4. J Immunother 2012; 35:179-88. [PMID: 22306906 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e318247a5e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast malignancies often have high levels of COX-2. The COX-2 product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contributes to the high metastatic capacity of breast tumors. Our published data indicate that inhibiting either PGE2 production or PGE2-mediated signaling through the PGE2 receptor EP4 (1 of 4 EP expressed on the malignant cell) reduces metastasis by a mechanism that requires natural killer (NK) cells. Tumor-derived PGE2 and exogenous PGE2 are known to have direct inhibitory effects on NK cell functions, but less is known regarding which EP receptors mediate these effects. We now show that several NK functions (lysis, migration, cytokine production) are compromised in tumor-bearing mice and that tumor-produced PGE2 interferes with NK cell functions. PGE2 inhibits the potential of NK cells to migrate, exert cytotoxic effects, and secrete interferon γ. The ability of PGE2 to inhibit NK cells from tumor-bearing mice is by acting on EP2 and EP4 receptors. NK cells from tumor-bearing mice were more sensitive to inhibition by EP4 and EP2 agonists compared with endogenous NK cells from healthy mice. PGE2 was inhibitory to most NK functions of either normal or tumor-bearing mice. In contrast, there was a trend for enhanced tumor necrosis factor α production in response to PGE2 by NK cells from tumor-bearing mice. We also report that a recently described EP4 antagonist, frondoside A, inhibits breast tumor metastasis in an NK-dependent manner and protects interferon γ production by NK cells from PGE2-mediated suppression. Taken together these data show that NK functions are depressed in tumor-bearing hosts relative to normal NK cells and that PGE2 suppresses NK functions by acting on EP2 and EP4 receptors.
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14
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Kalinski P. Regulation of immune responses by prostaglandin E2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:21-8. [PMID: 22187483 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1269] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PGE(2), an essential homeostatic factor, is also a key mediator of immunopathology in chronic infections and cancer. The impact of PGE(2) reflects the balance between its cyclooxygenase 2-regulated synthesis and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-driven degradation and the pattern of expression of PGE(2) receptors. PGE(2) enhances its own production but suppresses acute inflammatory mediators, resulting in its predominance at late/chronic stages of immunity. PGE(2) supports activation of dendritic cells but suppresses their ability to attract naive, memory, and effector T cells. PGE(2) selectively suppresses effector functions of macrophages and neutrophils and the Th1-, CTL-, and NK cell-mediated type 1 immunity, but it promotes Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cell responses. PGE(2) modulates chemokine production, inhibiting the attraction of proinflammatory cells while enhancing local accumulation of regulatory T cells cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Targeting the production, degradation, and responsiveness to PGE(2) provides tools to modulate the patterns of immunity in a wide range of diseases, from autoimmunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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15
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Comba A, Maestri DM, Berra MA, Garcia CP, Das UN, Eynard AR, Pasqualini ME. Effect of ω-3 and ω-9 fatty acid rich oils on lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases enzymes and on the growth of a mammary adenocarcinoma model. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:112. [PMID: 20932327 PMCID: PMC2959203 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional factors play a major role in cancer initiation and development. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have the ability to induce modifications in the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes that affect tumour growth. We studied the effect of two diets enriched in 6% Walnut and Peanut oils that are rich in ω-3 and ω9 PUFAs respectively on a murine mammary gland adenocarcinoma as compared with the control (C) that received commercial diet. RESULTS Peanut oil enriched diet induced an increase in membrane arachidonic acid (AA) content and the cyclooxygenase enzyme derived 12-HHT (p < 0.05) and simultaneously showed decrease in 12-LOX, 15-LOX-2, 15-LOX-1 and PGE activities (p < 0.05) that corresponded to higher apoptosis and lower mitosis seen in this group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Peanut oil group showed lower T-cell infiltration (p < 0.05), number of metastasis (p < 0.05) and tumour volume (p < 0.05) and longer survival rate compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that Peanut oil-enriched diet protects against mammary cancer development by modulating tumour membrane fatty acids composition and LOX and COX enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Comba
- Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Moore BB, Peters-Golden M. Opposing roles of leukotrienes and prostaglandins in fibrotic lung disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 2:87-100. [PMID: 20477090 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a devastating disease that involves a variable degree of inflammation, alveolar epithelial injury, fibroblast hyperplasia and the deposition of extracellular matrix. Standard therapies that consist of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents offer little benefit and most patients experience a progressive deterioration in lung function which is ultimately fatal within 2-5 years of diagnosis. New pathogenetic insights and therapeutic approaches are badly needed. Eicosanoids are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolism, the best studied of which are prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Although these mediators are primarily known for their roles in asthma, pain, fever and vascular responses, they also exert relevant effects on immune and inflammatory cells as well as structural cells such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts - cell types which participate in fibrogenesis. In general, leukotrienes promote while prostaglandin E(2) opposes fibrogenic responses. Lung fibrosis is associated with increased production of leukotrienes and decreased production of prostaglandin E(2). Furthermore, responses to prostaglandin E(2) are altered in fibrotic conditions. This review highlights the role of this leukotriene/prostaglandin imbalance in the evolution of fibrotic lung disease, offers insights into the mechanisms that underlie the dysregulated responses and discusses approaches for therapeutic targeting of eicosanoids in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6220 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA.
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17
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Mittal R, Gonzalez-Gomez I, Panigrahy A, Goth K, Bonnet R, Prasadarao NV. IL-10 administration reduces PGE-2 levels and promotes CR3-mediated clearance of Escherichia coli K1 by phagocytes in meningitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:1307-19. [PMID: 20498022 PMCID: PMC2882833 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20092265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ineffectiveness of antibiotics in treating neonatal Escherichia coli K1 meningitis and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains evidently warrants new prevention strategies. We observed that administration of interleukin (IL)-10 during high-grade bacteremia clears antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant E. coli from blood of infected mice. Micro-CT studies of brains from infected animals displayed gross morphological changes similar to those observed in infected human neonates. In mice, IL-10, but not antibiotic or anti-TNF antibody treatment prevented brain damage caused by E. coli. IL-10 administration elevated CR3 expression in neutrophils and macrophages of infected mice, whereas infected and untreated mice displayed increased expression of FcγRI and TLR2. Neutrophils or macrophages pretreated with IL-10 ex vivo exhibited a significantly greater microbicidal activity against E. coli compared with cells isolated from wild-type or IL-10−/− mice. The protective effect of IL-10 was abrogated when CR3 was knocked-down in vivo by siRNA. The increased expression of CR3 in phagocytes was caused by inhibition of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE-2) levels, which were significantly increased in neutrophils and macrophages upon E. coli infection. These findings describe a novel modality of IL-10–mediated E. coli clearance by diverting the entry of bacteria via CR3 and preventing PGE-2 formation in neonatal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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18
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Grandoch M, Roscioni SS, Schmidt M. The role of Epac proteins, novel cAMP mediators, in the regulation of immune, lung and neuronal function. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:265-84. [PMID: 19912228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic degenerative inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Alzheimer's dementia, afflict millions of people around the world, causing death and debilitation. Despite the global impact of these diseases, there have been few innovative breakthroughs into their cause, treatment or cure. As with many debilitating disorders, chronic degenerative inflammatory diseases may be associated with defective or dysfunctional responses to second messengers, such as cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP). The identification of the cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Ras-like GTPases, Epac1 (also known as cAMP-GEF-I) and Epac2 (also known as cAMP-GEF-II), profoundly altered the prevailing assumptions concerning cAMP signalling, which until then had been solely associated with protein kinase A (PKA). Studies of the molecular mechanisms of Epac-related signalling have demonstrated that these novel cAMP sensors regulate many physiological processes either alone and/or in concert with PKA. These include calcium handling, cardiac and smooth muscle contraction, learning and memory, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. The diverse signalling properties of cAMP might be explained by spatio-temporal compartmentalization, as well as A-kinase anchoring proteins, which seem to coordinate Epac signalling networks. Future research should focus on the Epac-regulated dynamics of cAMP, and, hopefully, the development of compounds that specifically interfere with the Epac signalling system in order to determine the precise significance of Epac proteins in chronic degenerative inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grandoch
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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19
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Profita M, Sala A, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Ferraro M, La Grutta S, Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gjomarkaj M. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and neutrophil infiltration: role of cigarette smoke and cyclooxygenase products. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 298:L261-9. [PMID: 19897740 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90593.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where it can contribute to the observed airway inflammation. PGE(2) is produced within human airways, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities have been reported. We quantitated PGE(2) concentrations in induced sputum supernatants from different groups of subjects and correlated the obtained values to neutrophil infiltration as well as to the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on COX-2 and PGE(2) receptor expression as well as on PGE(2) release in neutrophils and alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from normal donors. The effects of PGE(2) and of PGE receptor agonists and antagonists were evaluated on the adhesion of neutrophil to a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). PGE(2) levels, COX-2 expression, and neutrophil infiltration were significantly higher in normal smokers and COPD smokers (P < 0.0001) compared with controls and COPD former smokers. Induced sputum supernatant caused neutrophil adhesion to 16HBE that was significantly reduced, in COPD smokers only, by PGE(2) immunoprecipitation. In vitro experiments confirmed that CSE increased PGE(2) release and COX-2 and PGE(2) receptor expression in neutrophils and AM; PGE(2) enhanced the adhesion of neutrophils to 16HBE, and a specific E-prostanoid 4 (EP(4)) receptor antagonist blunted its effect. These results suggest that CSE promote the induction of COX-2 and contributes to the proinflammatory effects of PGE(2) in the airways of COPD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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20
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Kambara T, Inada T, Kubo K, Shingu K. Propofol Suppresses Prostaglandin E2Production in Human Peripheral Monocytes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:117-26. [DOI: 10.1080/08923970802452046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Pace E, Ferraro M, Mody CH, Melis MR, Scafidi V, Bonanno A, Profita M, Giarratano A, Gjomarkaj M. Pleural mesothelial cells express both BLT2 and PPARalpha and mount an integrated response to pleural leukotriene B4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:7292-9. [PMID: 18981151 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) plays a crucial role in the recruitment of neutrophils into the pleural space. We identified for the first time the mechanisms by which LTB(4) interacts with mesothelial cells and recruits neutrophils in the pleural compartment. Primary pleural mesothelial cells express both the proinflammatory receptor for LTB(4) BLT2, and the anti-inflammatory receptor for LTB(4), PPARalpha. Parapneumonic pleural effusions highly increase BLT2 expression and, via BLT2 activation, increase the adhesion between mesothelial cells and neutrophils and the expression of ICAM-1 on mesothelial cells. The block of PPARalpha further increases both cell adhesion and ICAM-1 expression. BLT2 activation promotes the activation, on mesothelial cells, of STAT-1 but not the activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor. The increase of ICAM-1 expression is achieved via increased tyrosine phosphorylation activity since herbimycin, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduces and since Na orthovanadate, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, further increases ICAM-1 expression. This study demonstrates that pleural mesothelial cells, expressing both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory LTB(4) receptors, are able to mount an integrated response to LTB(4) with a prevalence of BLT2 activities in the presence of an inflammatory milieu within the pleura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Profita M, Sala A, Bonanno A, Siena L, Ferraro M, Di Giorgi R, Montalbano AM, Albano GD, Gagliardo R, Gjomarkaj M. Cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor activation in a human bronchial epithelial cell line leads to signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated eosinophil adhesion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:1024-30. [PMID: 18305014 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.131649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) on a human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) overexpressing the cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) (1) receptor (HBECysLT(1)R), looking at the associated signal transduction mechanisms as well as at effects on inflammatory cell adhesion. The results obtained showed that LTD(4) increases the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 and of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) in serine 727 (STAT-1Ser727), resulting in increased eosinophil adhesion to HBECysLT(1)R, associated with enhanced surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1. Pretreatment with a CysLT(1)R-selective antagonist or with a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) or with a selective inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) successfully suppressed both LTD(4)-induced STAT-1Ser727 phosphorylation and the associated increase in eosinophil adhesion. The use of the MEK inhibitor and of the selective CysLT(1)R antagonist in electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments showed that LTD(4) promotes the nuclear translocation of STAT-1 through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway. The key role of STAT-1 in leukotriene D(4) transduction signaling was confirmed by RNA interference experiments, where silencing of STAT-1 expression abolished the effect of leukotriene D(4) on eosinophil adhesion. In conclusion, for the first time, we provide evidence of the involvement of STAT-1 in the signal transduction mechanism of the CysLT(1) receptor; phosphorylation of STAT-1, through PKC and ERK1/2 activation, causes enhanced ICAM-1 surface expression and eosinophil adhesion. Effective CysLT(1)R antagonism may therefore contribute to the control of the chronic inflammatory condition that characterizes human airways in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, Italian National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
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23
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Futagami S, Hiratsuka T, Shindo T, Hamamoto T, Tatsuguchi A, Nobue U, Shinji Y, Suzuki K, Kusunoki M, Tanaka S, Wada K, Miyake K, Gudis K, Tsukui T, Sakamoto C. COX-2 and CCR2 induced by CD40 ligand and MCP-1 are linked to VEGF production in endothelial cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:137-46. [PMID: 18093816 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that expression of MCP-1 and its receptor, CCR2; and CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction on mesenchymal cells play important roles in tumor development. Studies have also connected MCP-1, CCR2, and CD40L to COX-2 expression. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MCP-1/CCR2 and CD40-CD40L interaction on COX-2 and VEGF expression in endothelial cells. We also investigated the localization of these proteins in gastric cancer tissue. COX-2 and CCR2 levels were evaluated in CD40L-stimulated HUVECs by Western blot and real-time PCR. VEGF secreted in the culture media was quantified by ELISA. Localizations of MCP-1, CD40L, CD34, CD40 and CCR2 in 34 gastric cancer tissue specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. CD40-CD40L interaction-induced COX-2 production and subsequently, upregulated COX-2 production contributed to elevated VEGF and CCR2 levels in CD40L-stimulated HUVECs. CD40L-stimulated VEGF production was COX-2 but not COX-1 dependent. RS-102895, a CCR2-specific antagonist, significantly reduced VEGF production in CD40L- and MCP-1-stimulated HUVECs. MCP-1 had a synergistic effect on COX-2, CCR2 and VEGF levels in CD40L-stimulated HUVECs. In gastric cancer tissue, there was significant correlation between microvessel density and scores for CD40L, MCP-1 and CCR2 protein expression. Thus, MCP-1 had a synergistic effect on COX-2 and CCR2 protein expression in CD40L-stimulated HUVECs and thereby stimulated VEGF production in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Futagami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138603, Japan.
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Bergmann C, Strauss L, Zeidler R, Lang S, Whiteside TL. Expansion of human T regulatory type 1 cells in the microenvironment of cyclooxygenase 2 overexpressing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8865-73. [PMID: 17875728 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) overexpression and production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) by head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) induce type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells and contribute to carcinogenesis by creating a tolerogenic milieu. To test this hypothesis, CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells obtained from the peripheral blood of 10 normal donors were cocultured with autologous dendritic cells, irradiated HNSCC cells and cytokines, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-10, and IL-15. HNSCC cells were either COX-2 negative, constitutively expressed COX-2, were transfected with COX-2, or had COX-2 expression knocked down by small interfering RNA. Other modifications included coculture plus or minus the COX-inhibitor, Diclofenac, or synthetic PGE(2) in the absence of HNSCC. Lymphocytes proliferating in 10-day cocultures were phenotyped by flow cytometry, studied for cytokine production by ELISA and for suppressor function in CFSE inhibition assays plus or minus anti-IL-10 or anti-transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) monoclonal antibodies (mAb). COX-2(+) HNSCC or exogenous PGE(2) induced outgrowth of Tr1 cells with the CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(-)IL2Rbeta(+)IL2Rgamma(+)FoxP3(+)CTLA-4(+)IL-10(+)TGF-beta(1)(+)IL-4(-) phenotype and high suppressor functions (range, 46-68%). Small interfering RNA knockout of COX-2 gene in HNSCC led to outgrowth of lymphocytes with decreased IL2Rgamma (P = 0.0001), FoxP3 (P = 0.05), and IL-10 (P = 0.035) expression and low suppressor activity (range, 26-34%). Whereas COX-2(+) cocultures contained IL-10 and TGF-beta(1) (medians, 615 and 824 pg/mL), cytokine levels were decreased (P < 0.0001) in COX-2(-) cocultures. Inhibition of COX-2 enzymatic activity in HNSCC abrogated outgrowth of Tr1 cells. Neutralizing mAbs to IL-10 and/or TGF-beta(1) abolished Tr1-mediated suppression. COX-2 overexpression in HNSCC plays a major role in the induction of Tr1 cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bergmann
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lang S, Tiwari S, Andratschke M, Loehr I, Lauffer L, Bergmann C, Mack B, Lebeau A, Moosmann A, Whiteside TL, Zeidler R. Immune restoration in head and neck cancer patients after in vivo COX-2 inhibition. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1645-52. [PMID: 17387473 PMCID: PMC11030741 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the immunomodulatory effects of in vivo COX-2 inhibition on leukocyte infiltration and function in patients with head and neck cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck preoperatively received a specific COX-2 inhibitor (rofecoxib, 25 mg daily) orally for 3 weeks. Serum and tumor specimens were collected at the start of COX-2 inhibition (day 0) and again on the day of surgery (day 21). Adhesion to peripheral blood monocytes to ICAM-1 was examined. Percentages of tumor-infiltrating monocytes (CD68, CCR5) and lymphocytes (CCR5, CD4, CD8 and CD25) were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Monocytes obtained from untreated cancer patients showed lower binding to ICAM-1 compared to monocytes of healthy donors but significantly regained adhesion affinity following incubation in sera of healthy donors. Conversely, sera of cancer patients inhibited adhesion of healthy donors' monocytes. Tumor monocyte adhesion to ICAM-1 was increased (P<0.001) after 21 days of COX-2 inhibition, and concomitant increases in tumor infiltrating monocytes (CD68+), lymphocytes (CD68- CCR5+, CD4+ and CD8+) and activated (CD25+) T cells were observed. CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of a COX2 inhibitor restored monocyte binding to ICAM-1 and increased infiltration into the tumor of monocytes and Th1 and CD25+ activated lymphocytes. Thus, in vivo inhibition of the COX-2 pathway may be useful in potentiating specific active immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, 45122 Germany
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, 45122 Germany
| | - Michaela Andratschke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377 Germany
| | - Iren Loehr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377 Germany
| | - Lina Lauffer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377 Germany
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, 45122 Germany
| | - Brigitte Mack
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377 Germany
| | - Annette Lebeau
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Moosmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377 Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377 Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, c/o GSF-Forschungszentrum, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Walmesley AJ, Zweiri J, Christmas SE, Watson AJM. Rofecoxib has Different Effects on Chemokine Production in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Tumor Immune Splenocytes. J Immunother 2007; 30:614-23. [PMID: 17667525 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e31805ca039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in colon tumors. Its main product is the immunosuppressive prostaglandin PGE2 that aids tumor immune escape. In this study, we analyzed mechanisms of action of the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib on the immune response to colorectal cancer in an animal model. The murine colorectal cancer cell line MC26, and splenocytes from BALB/c mice immune to irradiated MC26 cells, were incubated with rofecoxib or PGE2. In MC26 cells, 100 nM rofecoxib caused a complete abrogation of PGE2 production and inhibited cell proliferation. Splenocytes from tumor immune mice showed a 300% (P<0.01) increase in proliferation in response to irradiated MC26 cells, amplified to 450% (P<0.01) by 1 microM rofecoxib (n=3). MC26 cells incubated with 1 microM rofecoxib showed increased gene expression of CCL3, CCL5, and CCL20 (P<0.01). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests also showed increased production of CCL5 and CCL20 (P<0.01). PGE2 reversed this effect causing a 40% reduction in chemokine gene expression (n=3). In contrast, splenocytes from naive BALB/c mice stimulated with irradiated MC26 cells had only a marginal chemokine response to rofecoxib. PGE2 caused a 50% down-regulation of CCL5 and CCL20 at the gene level (n=2) and 30% and 40% reduction of CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL20 at the protein level (n=2). Hence rofecoxib has a 2-fold effect upon the immune response to MC26 cells, by enhancing production of chemokines chemotactic for dendritic cells and also reducing PGE2-mediated inhibition of lymphoproliferation. Together, these may be sufficient for an effective TH1-mediated antitumor response. Rofecoxib may have potential as an addition to existing immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Walmesley
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, UK
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Pries R, Nitsch S, Wollenberg B. Role of cytokines in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2006; 6:1195-203. [PMID: 17020454 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.6.9.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most frequent cancers and standard treatment has only marginally improved the 5-year survival rate of patients with this disease in the last few decades. It is supposed that cytokine alterations in immune, inflammatory and angiogenetic regulatory routes within the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment play a critical role in tumor aggressiveness, its response to chemo- and radiation therapies, as well as the development of immune escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Pries
- University of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Lang S, Picu A, Hofmann T, Andratschke M, Mack B, Moosmann A, Gires O, Tiwari S, Zeidler R. COX-inhibitors relieve the immunosuppressive effect of tumor cells and improve functions of immune effectors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:409-19. [PMID: 16831307 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A common phenomenon in cancer patients is a suppressed cell-mediated immunity, characterized by the inability of immune effector cells to mount efficient anti-tumor responses. Immunosuppressive factors, released by the tumor, contribute to this phenomenon and thus to tolerance. Prostaglandins, catalyzed by the cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) from arachidonic acid, are one class of these factors. Since at least one of the COX enzymes is often expressed at high level in human cancers, the enzymes were ascribed a causal role in tumor etiology and progression. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, which block COX activity, have demonstrated their antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical trials. Pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in tumor cells may account for this activity. In addition, by inhibiting the release of prostaglandins from the tumor and by blocking COX activity in immune effector cells, NSAIDs may also bias the function of immune cells towards a more tumoricidal phenotype. We show here that tumor cells inhibit the physiological function of immune cells, and that NSAIDs restore this function. These data contribute to an understanding of the antineoplastic effect ascribed to NSAIDs and support the prophylactic use of these drugs in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lang
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
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Lorenowicz MJ, van Gils J, de Boer M, Hordijk PL, Fernandez-Borja M. Epac1-Rap1 signaling regulates monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. J Leukoc Biol 2006; 80:1542-52. [PMID: 16940330 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0506357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravasation of leukocytes is a crucial process in the immunological defense. In response to a local concentration of chemokines, circulating leukocytes adhere to and migrate across the vascular endothelium toward the inflamed tissue. The small guanosinetriphosphatase Rap1 plays an important role in the regulation of leukocyte adhesion, polarization, and chemotaxis. We investigated the role of a guanine nucleotide exchange protein for Rap1 directly activated by cAMP (Epac1) in adhesion and chemotaxis in a promonocytic cell line and in primary monocytes. We found that Epac1 is expressed in primary leukocytes, platelets, CD34-positive hematopoietic cells, and the leukemic cell lines U937 and HL60. Epac activation with an Epac-specific cAMP analog induced Rap1 activation, beta1-integrin-dependent cell adhesion, and cell polarization. In addition, activated Epac1 enhanced chemotaxis of U937 cells and primary monocytes. Similar to activation of Epac1, stimulation of cells with serotonin to induce cAMP production resulted in Rap1 activation, increased cell adhesion and polarization, and enhanced chemotaxis. The effects of serotonin on U937 cell adhesion were dependent on cAMP production but could not be blocked by a protein kinase A inhibitor, implicating Epac in the regulation of serotonin-induced adhesion. In summary, our work reveals the existence of previously unrecognized cAMP-dependent signaling in leukocytes regulating cell adhesion and chemotaxis through the activation of Epac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena J Lorenowicz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Gafa V, Manches O, Pastor A, Drouet E, Ambroise-Thomas P, Grillot R, Aldebert D. Human cytomegalovirus downregulates complement receptors (CR3, CR4) and decreases phagocytosis by macrophages. J Med Virol 2005; 76:361-6. [PMID: 15902695 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Although the subversion of adaptive immune responses has been extensively studied, the consequences of HCMV infection on natural immune responses are not well documented. A striking selective downmodulation of CD11b/CD18 (CR3) or CD11c/CD18 (CR4) was found upon HCMV infection, on two models, the monocytic THP-1 cell line and monocyte- derived macrophages. HCMV-infected macrophages have an altered adhesion/phagocytic capacity to Candida albicans, a pathogen responsible for some opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. These results suggest a new mechanism implicated in the augmentation of opportunistic infections in HCMV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Gafa
- Laboratoire Interactions Cellulaires Parasites-Hôte (ICPH) UJF EA-2940, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
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Charbeneau RP, Peters-Golden M. Eicosanoids: mediators and therapeutic targets in fibrotic lung disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2005; 108:479-91. [PMID: 15896193 DOI: 10.1042/cs20050012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common end-stage sequella of a number of acute and chronic lung diseases. Current concepts of pathogenesis implicate dysregulated interactions between epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells. Although investigative efforts have documented important roles for cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases, these observations have not as yet been translated into efficacious therapies, and there is a pressing need for new pathogenetic insights and therapeutic approaches for these devastating disorders. Eicosanoids are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid, the most studied of which are the prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Although they are primarily known for their roles in asthma, pain, fever and vascular responses, present evidence indicates that eicosanoids exert relevant effects on immune/inflammatory, as well as structural, cells pertinent to fibrogenesis. In general, leukotrienes promote, whereas prostaglandin E(2) opposes, fibrogenic responses. An imbalance of eicosanoids also exists in pulmonary fibrosis, which favours the production of leukotrienes over prostaglandin E(2). This review highlights the role of this imbalance in the evolution of fibrotic lung disease, discusses the mechanisms by which it may arise and considers approaches for therapeutic targeting of eicosanoids in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Charbeneau
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0642, USA
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Kumar VL, Shivkar YM. Involvement of prostaglandins in inflammation induced by latex of Calotropis procera. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 13:151-5. [PMID: 15223605 PMCID: PMC1781552 DOI: 10.1080/09511920410001713583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:The aerial parts of the plant Calotropis procera produce milky white latex that causes inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes. Prostaglandins are one of the mediators released in an inflammatory response following induction of cyclooxygenase (COX). In the present study, we have evaluated the role of prostaglandins in inflammatory response elicited by the latex of C. procera. METHODS: Aqueous extract of dried latex of C. procera was injected into the 6-day air-pouch in the rat. The inflammatory response was evaluated by studying the air-pouch fluid for its volume, protein and prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentrations, and leucocyte counts. The granulation tissue from the pouch was quantified and studied for COX-2 expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The inhibitory effect of celecoxib and dexamethasone was evaluated on the aforementioned parameters. RESULTS: Dried latex produced an inflammatory response that was maximum at 6 h. It was associated with the accumulation of protein-rich fluid, leucocytes and PGE2 production. It also resulted in granulation of the pouch cavity that was a maximum on day 3. COX-2 expression could be detected in the granulation tissue on day 1 and it increased progressively up to day 5. The anti-inflammatory drugs celecoxib and dexamethasone significantly attenuated the inflammatory response and inhibited COX-2 expression in granulation tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Latex of C. procera induces an inflammatory response characterized by an early exudative phase accompanied by PGE2 production and a late proliferative phase associated with COX-2 induction. Both the phases were effectively inhibited by COX-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay L Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029.
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Janabi N, Jensen PN, Major EO. Differential effects of interferon-γ on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in high-grade human gliomas versus primary astrocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 156:113-22. [PMID: 15465602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2004] [Revised: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We compared effects of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in malignant human glioma cell lines and cultured primary human astrocytes. While IFNgamma inhibited interleukin-1beta (IL1beta)-induced expression of COX-2 in the glioma cells, it enhanced expression in primary astrocytes. This differential effect correlated with the observed modulation of NFkappaB and AP-1 DNA binding activity; reduced in the glioma cells, increased in primary astrocytes. Furthermore, IFNgamma had a significantly greater anti-proliferative effect on the glioma cells than COX inhibitors. This inhibitory effect of IFNgamma on expression of COX-2 in human glioma cells may have relevance for immunotherapies directed against high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Janabi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4164, USA. nazila @free.fr
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Delvenne P, Hubert P, Jacobs N. Epithelial metaplasia: an inadequate environment for antitumour immunity? Trends Immunol 2004; 25:169-73. [PMID: 15039042 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Delvenne
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Liège, CHU B23 Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Liang L, Hu D, Liu W, Williams JP, Okunieff P, Ding I. Celecoxib reduces skin damage after radiation: selective reduction of chemokine and receptor mRNA expression in irradiated skin but not in irradiated mammary tumor. Am J Clin Oncol 2003; 26:S114-21. [PMID: 12902868 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000074149.95710.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production is mediated, at least in part, by prostaglandin E (PGE2). Cyclooxygenases, COX-1 and COX-2, are two key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE2. Radiation induces the overproduction of cytokines and chemokines, and it also increases PGE2 production, both locally and systemically. In this study, we tested the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) after 50 Gy radiation of MCa-35 tumor and cutaneous tissues of C3H/He mice. Preclinical toxicity endpoints and associated alterations in chemokine production and cellular infiltrates were measured. Celecoxib was given by daily gavage (50 mg/kg for 15 days), with the first dose delivered either 2 hours before, 2 days after, or 7 days after a single dose of radiation. Celecoxib-treated animals had less inflammation of the dermis compared with saline-treated controls. Severe skin dermatitis occurred in 23.8% (5/21) of mice treated with 50 Gy, whereas only 17.6%, 5.3%, and 11.1% of mice in the 2-hour pre-, or the 2-day post-, and 7-day postirradiation groups, respectively, had severe dermatitis on day 20. The decreased skin toxicity scores were associated with a reduction of both blood vessels and focal necrosis in MCa-35 tumors. Celecoxib also significantly decreased C-C family chemokine (Rantes and MCP-1) mRNA expression in irradiated skin tissues, but not in tumor tissues, which was accompanied by a decrease in skin mRNA expression of both C-C (CCR2 and CCR5) and C-X-C (CXCR2 and CXCR4) chemokine receptors. A significant positive correlation was also found between skin damage (skin scores) and chemokine and its receptor mRNA expression in radiation-treated mice. Finally, celecoxib also decreased the infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils in locally irradiated tumor and surrounding normal tissue. The differential effects of celecoxib on inflammation help to explain the selective protection by celecoxib of irradiated cutaneous tissues without a concurrent protection of MCa-35 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Smyth GP, Stapleton PP, Barden CB, Mestre JR, Freeman TA, Duff MD, Maddali S, Yan Z, Daly JM. Renal cell carcinoma induces prostaglandin E2 and T-helper type 2 cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10:455-62. [PMID: 12734096 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2003.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) do not develop an effective antitumor immune response, despite significant infiltration by lymphocytes. Tumor production of immunosuppressive factors may account for this failure. The object of this study was to investigate the production of immunosuppressive mediators, especially prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), by RCC. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cocultured with conditioned medium (CM) from human RCC cell lines in the presence or absence of NS-398, a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Supernatants were analyzed for levels of PGE(2), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-2, interferon-gamma, and IL-12. The effects of RCC CM on PBMC proliferation were also examined. The expression of basal and stimulated COX-2 messenger RNA in the cell lines was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS RCC CM significantly increased PGE(2) production by PBMC. T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production was also significantly increased. Th1 cytokines were unchanged or decreased. RCC CM increased proliferation of PBMC. Coculture with NS-398 reduced PBMC PGE(2) production to below control levels and significantly decreased IL-6 production and PBMC proliferation. NS-398 had no effect on cellular production of IL-10 or Th1 cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Human RCC inhibits the host antitumor immune response by promoting PGE(2) production and Th2 cytokines in PBMC. Selective inhibition of COX-2 may have a role in abrogating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon P Smyth
- Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Lang S, Lauffer L, Clausen C, Löhr I, Schmitt B, Hölzel D, Wollenberg B, Gires O, Kastenbauer E, Zeidler R. Impaired monocyte function in cancer patients: restoration with a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. FASEB J 2003; 17:286-8. [PMID: 12490541 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0417fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data and animal models have provided evidence that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have an anticancer effect. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these antineoplastic effects are not well understood. We described previously that expression levels of the chemokine receptor, CCR5, and the beta2-integrin, Mac-1, were down-regulated on primary monocytes after incubation in supernatants from human carcinoma cell lines, and that this down-regulation resulted in impaired monocyte function with respect to migration and adhesion. We now demonstrate that these impairments are also present in vivo. Monocytes from cancer patients displayed significantly reduced CCR5 levels and migration capacities in comparison to cells from healthy donors. Because migration is necessary for the antitumor activity of monocytes/macrophages, these deficits may contribute to the suppressed immune system seen in cancer patients. In a clinical study, we analyzed the effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, Rofecoxib, on the migration of monocytes derived from cancer patients. The results revealed significant improvement in migration equal to those levels seen in healthy donors. We conclude that in patients with cancer, the intake of Rofecoxib for 3 wk leads to significant restoration of monocyte function. These data may, at least in part, help explain the anticancer effects of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich D-81377, Germany.
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Berg DJ, Zhang J, Weinstock JV, Ismail HF, Earle KA, Alila H, Pamukcu R, Moore S, Lynch RG. Rapid development of colitis in NSAID-treated IL-10-deficient mice. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:1527-42. [PMID: 12404228 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.1231527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory cytokine. IL-10-deficient mice (IL-10(-/-)) develop chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating that endogenous IL-10 is a central regulator of the mucosal immune response. Prostaglandins are lipid mediators that may be important mediators of intestinal inflammation. In this study we assessed the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of mucosal inflammation in the IL-10(-/-) mouse model of IBD. METHODS Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis was inhibited with nonselective or cyclooxygenase (COX)-isoform selective inhibitors. Severity of inflammation was assessed histologically. Cytokine production was assessed by ribonuclease protection analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PGE(2) levels were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. COX-1 and COX-2 expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment of wild-type mice had minimal effect on the colon. In contrast, NSAID treatment of 4-week-old IL-10(-/-) mice resulted in rapid development of colitis characterized by infiltration of the lamina propria with macrophages and interferon gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells. Colitis persisted after withdrawal of the NSAID. NSAID treatment decreased colonic PGE(2) levels by 75%. Treatment of IL-10(-/-) mice with sulindac sulfone (which does not inhibit PG production) did not induce colitis whereas the NSAID sulindac induced severe colitis. COX-1- or COX-2-selective inhibitors used alone did not induce IBD in IL-10(-/-) mice. However, the combination of COX-1- and COX-2-selective inhibitors did induce colitis. CONCLUSIONS NSAID treatment of IL-10(-/-) mice results in the rapid development of severe, chronic IBD. Endogenous PGs are important inhibitors of the development of intestinal inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Scandella E, Men Y, Gillessen S, Förster R, Groettrup M. Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for CCR7 surface expression and migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 2002; 100:1354-61. [PMID: 12149218 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2001-11-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are able to initiate and modulate immune responses and are hence exploited as cellular vaccines for immunotherapy. Their capacity to migrate from peripheral tissues to the T-cell areas of draining lymph nodes is crucial for the priming of T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated how the maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) by several different stimuli under serum-free conditions affected their T-cell stimulatory function, cytokine secretion, and migratory behavior. Surprisingly, we found that for all maturation stimuli tested, the addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was required for effective migration of MoDCs toward the lymph node-derived chemokines CCL19 (EBI1 ligand chemokine/macrophage inflammatory protein--3beta) and CCL21 (secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine [SLC]/6Ckine). Costimulation with PGE2 enhanced the expression of the CCL19/CCL21 receptor CCR7 on the cell surface of MoDCs when they were matured with soluble CD40 ligand or proinflammatory cytokines, but did not affect CCR7 expression of polyI:C-stimulated MoDCs. The effects of PGE2 on MoDCs were mediated through increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate by 2 of the known PGE2 receptors, EP2 and EP4, which are expressed and down-regulated after PGE2 binding in these cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that signals provided by the proinflammatory mediator PGE2 are crucial for MoDCs to acquire potent T-helper cell stimulatory capacity and substantial chemotactic responsiveness to lymph node-derived chemokines. This is a new and important parameter for the preparation of MoDCs as cellular vaccines in tumor immunotherapy. (Blood. 2002;100:1354-1361)
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Scandella
- Research Department and the Oncology Department, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, Switzerland
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Kurth I, Willimann K, Schaerli P, Hunziker T, Clark-Lewis I, Moser B. Monocyte selectivity and tissue localization suggests a role for breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK) in macrophage development. J Exp Med 2001; 194:855-61. [PMID: 11561000 PMCID: PMC2195966 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.6.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous chemokines act on monocytes, none of them is specific for these cells. Here, we show that breast and kidney-expressed chemokine (BRAK) is a highly selective monocyte chemoattractant. Migration efficacy and Bordetella pertussis toxin-sensitive Ca(2+) mobilization responses to BRAK were strongly enhanced after treatment of monocytes with the cyclic AMP-elevating agents prostaglandin E(2) and forskolin. BRAK is the first monocyte-selective chemokine, as other types of blood leukocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages did not respond. Expression in normal skin keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts as well as lamina propria cells in normal intestinal tissues suggests a homeostatic rather than an inflammatory function for this chemokine. In addition, macrophages were frequently found to colocalize with BRAK-producing fibroblasts. We propose that BRAK is involved in the generation of tissue macrophages by recruiting extravasated precursors to fibroblasts, which are known to secrete essential cytokines for macrophage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Kurth
- Theodor-Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Schaerli
- Theodor-Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hunziker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Clark-Lewis
- Biomedical Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Theodor-Kocher Institute, University of Bern, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland
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