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Fu K, Gao C, Li X, Zhang H, Xue B. 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol induces oxidative stress and promotes testicular damage and infertility in rats through CYP2C9. Reprod Toxicol 2024:108633. [PMID: 38944211 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a newly discovered food process pollutant with nephrotoxicity. And the mechanism by which 3-MCPD affects male spermatogenesis has not been fully studied. Cell viability, blood-testis barrier (BTB) related protein, progesterone content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell apoptosis were determined by a CCK8 assay, western blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining, respectively. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: low-dose 3-MCPD, high-dose 3-MCPD, and control. Sperm parameters, hormonal levels, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the testis and epididymis were detected by ELISA. Multiple molecular experiments including molecular docking and western blot were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. 3-MCPD affects testicular cell activity, and promotes ROS production and apoptosis. Disrupting the integrity of BTB in the body, downregulating sex hormones and sperm quality, and promoting apoptosis. 3-MCPD may function through CYP2C9. This study preliminarily explores the mechanism by which 3-MCPD affects spermatogenesis. It was found that 3-MCPD destroys the structure and function of BTB and damages the testicular function of male mice, thus affecting the process of spermatogenesis via CYP2C9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
| | - Chuchu Gao
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Suzhou Municipal Hospital), Suzhou, Jiangsu,215002, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, China.
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2
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Hu Y, Li W, Cheng X, Yang H, She ZG, Cai J, Li H, Zhang XJ. Emerging Roles and Therapeutic Applications of Arachidonic Acid Pathways in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Circ Res 2024; 135:222-260. [PMID: 38900855 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease has become a major health burden worldwide, with sharply increasing prevalence but highly limited therapeutic interventions. Emerging evidence has revealed that arachidonic acid derivatives and pathway factors link metabolic disorders to cardiovascular risks and intimately participate in the progression and severity of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review, we systemically summarized and updated the biological functions of arachidonic acid pathways in cardiometabolic diseases, mainly focusing on heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and diabetes. We further discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of arachidonic acid pathway-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic diseases and highlighted the emerging clinical advances to improve these pathological conditions by targeting arachidonic acid metabolites and pathway factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Hailong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (W.L., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China (H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China (Y.H., X.C., H.Y., Z.-G.S., J.C., H.L., X.-J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
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3
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Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Graves JP, Lih FB, Morisseau C, Ward JM, Hammock BD, Bosio CM, Zeldin DC. Effects of sEH inhibition on the eicosanoid and cytokine storms in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23692. [PMID: 38786655 PMCID: PMC11141730 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302202rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection involves an initial viral infection phase followed by a host-response phase that includes an eicosanoid and cytokine storm, lung inflammation and respiratory failure. While vaccination and early anti-viral therapies are effective in preventing or limiting the pathogenic host response, this latter phase is poorly understood with no highly effective treatment options. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) increase levels of anti-inflammatory molecules called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). This study aimed to investigate the impact of sEH inhibition on the host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a mouse model with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Mice were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with either vehicle or the sEH inhibitor 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU). At day 5 post-infection, SARS-CoV-2 induced weight loss, clinical signs, a cytokine storm, an eicosanoid storm, and severe lung inflammation with ~50% mortality on days 6-8 post-infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced lung expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway genes, while suppressing expression of most cytochrome P450 genes. Treatment with the sEH inhibitor TPPU delayed weight loss but did not alter clinical signs, lung cytokine expression or overall survival of infected mice. Interestingly, TPPU treatment significantly reversed the eicosanoid storm and attenuated viral-induced elevation of 39 fatty acids and oxylipins from COX, LOX and P450 pathways, which suggests the effects at the level of PLA2 activation. The suppression of the eicosanoid storm by TPPU without corresponding changes in lung cytokines, lung inflammation or mortality reveals a surprising dissociation between systemic oxylipin and cytokine signaling pathways during SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggests that the cytokine storm is primarily responsible for morbidity and mortality in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Joan P. Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Fred. B. Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - James M. Ward
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, Muse GW, Goulding DR, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Zeldin DC. Overexpression of soluble epoxide hydrolase reduces post-ischemic recovery of cardiac contractile function. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116237. [PMID: 38679211 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 can metabolize endogenous fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, to bioactive lipids such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that have beneficial effects. EETs protect hearts against ischemic damage, heart failure or fibrosis; however, their effects are limited by hydrolysis to less active dihydroxy oxylipins by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), encoded by the epoxide hydrolase 2 gene (EPHX2, EC 3.3.2.10). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic disruption of sEH/EPHX2 have been widely studied for their impact on cardiovascular diseases. Less well studied is the role of increased EPHX2 expression, which occurs in a substantial human population that carries the EPHX2 K55R polymorphism or after induction by inflammatory stimuli. Herein, we developed a mouse model with cardiomyocyte-selective expression of human EPHX2 (Myh6-EPHX2) that has significantly increased total EPHX2 expression and activity. Myh6-EPHX2 hearts exhibit strong, cardiomyocyte-selective expression of EPHX2. EPHX2 mRNA, protein, and epoxide hydrolysis measurements suggest that Myh6-EPHX2 hearts have 12-fold increase in epoxide hydrolase activity relative to wild type (WT) hearts. This increased activity significantly decreased epoxide:diol ratios in vivo. Isolated, perfused Myh6-EPHX2 hearts were not significantly different from WT hearts in basal parameters of cardiac function; however, compared to WT hearts, Myh6-EPHX2 hearts demonstrated reduced recovery of heart contractile function after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). This impaired recovery after I/R correlated with reduced activation of PI3K/AKT and GSK3β signaling pathways in Myh6-EPHX2 hearts compared to WT hearts. In summary, the Myh6-EPHX2 mouse line represents a novel model of cardiomyocyte-selective overexpression of EPHX2 that has detrimental effects on cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Joan P Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ginger W Muse
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David R Goulding
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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5
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Nayeem MA. Overexpression of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Exacerbates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia Reduction in Angiotensin-II-Treated Mouse Hearts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:46-54. [PMID: 37788350 PMCID: PMC10841723 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) is impaired in cardiovascular diseases, and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) exacerbates it. However, it is unknown how Ang-II affects CRH in Tie2-sEH Tr (human-sEH-overexpressed) versus wild-type (WT) mice. sEH-overexpression resulted in CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr versus WT. We hypothesized that Ang-II exacerbates CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr versus WT. The Langendorff system measured coronary flow in Tie2-sEH Tr and WT. The hearts were exposed to 15-second ischemia, and CRH was assessed in 10 mice each. Repayment volume was reduced by 40.50% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (7.42 ± 0.8 to 4.49 ± 0.8 mL/g) and 48% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (5.18 ± 0.4 to 2.68 ± 0.3 mL/g). Ang-II decreased repayment duration by 50% in WT-treated with Ang-II versus WT (2.46 ± 0.5 to 1.24 ± 0.4 minutes) and 54% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (1.66 ± 0.4 to 0.76 ± 0.2 minutes). Peak repayment flow was reduced by 11.2% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (35.98 ± 0.7 to 32.11 ± 1.4 mL/g) and 4% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (32.18 ± 0.6 to 30.89 ± 1.5 mL/g). Furthermore, coronary flow was reduced by 43% in WT treated with Ang-II versus WT (14.2 ± 0.5 to 8.15 ± 0.8 mL/min/g) and 32% in Tie2-sEH Tr treated with Ang-II versus Tie2-sEH Tr (12.1 ± 0.8 to 8.3 ± 1.2 mL/min/g). Moreover, the Ang-II-AT 1 -receptor and CYP4A were increased in Tie2-sEHTr. Our results demonstrate that Ang-II exacerbates CRH reduction in Tie2-sEH Tr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Solati Z, Surendran A, Aukema HM, Ravandi A. Impact of Reperfusion on Plasma Oxylipins in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Metabolites 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 38248822 PMCID: PMC10821107 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs as a result of acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Despite successful reperfusion using primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), a large percentage of myocardial cells die after reperfusion, which is recognized as ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). There are rapid changes in plasma lipidome during myocardial reperfusion injury. However, the impact of coronary artery reperfusion on plasma oxylipins is unknown. This study aimed to investigate alterations in the oxylipin profiles of STEMI patients during ischemia and at various reperfusion time points following PPCI. Blood samples were collected from patients presenting with STEMI prior to PPCI (Isch, n = 45) and subsequently 2 h following successful reperfusion by PPCI (R-2 h, n = 42), after 24 h (R-24 h, n = 44), after 48 h (R-48 h, n = 43), and then 30 days post PPCI (R-30 d, n = 29). As controls, blood samples were collected from age- and sex-matched patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease after diagnostic coronary angiography. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) using deuterated standards was used to identify and quantify oxylipins. In patients presenting with STEMI prior to reperfusion (Isch group), the levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived oxylipins were significantly higher when compared with controls. Their levels were also significantly correlated with the peak levels of creatine kinase (CK) and troponin T(TnT) before reperfusion (CK: r = 0.33, p = 0.046, TnT: r = 0.50, p = 1.00 × 10-3). The total concentrations of oxylipins directly produced by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) were also significantly elevated in the Isch group compared with controls. The ratio of epoxides (generated through epoxygenase) to diols (generated by soluble epoxide hydrolysis (sEH)) was significantly lower in the Isch group compared with the controls. Following reperfusion, there was an overall reduction in plasma oxylipins in STEMI patients starting at 24 h post PPCI until 30 days. Univariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also showed that an elevated ratio of epoxides to diols during ischemia is a predictor of smaller infarct size in patients with STEMI. This study revealed a large alteration in plasma oxylipins in patients presenting with STEMI when compared with controls. Total oxylipin levels rapidly reduced post reperfusion with stable levels reached 24 h post reperfusion and maintained for up to 30 days post infarct. Given the shifts in plasma oxylipins following coronary artery reperfusion, further research is needed to delineate their clinical impact in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Solati
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Arun Surendran
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Harold M. Aukema
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (H.M.A.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada
- Section of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V6, Canada
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Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Fleming I, Zeldin DC. Disruption of Ephx2 in cardiomyocytes but not endothelial cells improves functional recovery after ischemia-reperfusion in isolated mouse hearts. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103049. [PMID: 36822325 PMCID: PMC10040734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which have numerous effects. After cardiac ischemia, EET-induced coronary vasodilation increases delivery of oxygen/nutrients to the myocardium, and EET-induced signaling protects cardiomyocytes against postischemic mitochondrial damage. Soluble epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) diminishes the benefits of EETs through hydrolysis to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. EPHX2 inhibition or genetic disruption improves recovery of cardiac function after ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed EPHX2 expression in cardiomyocytes and some endothelial cells but little expression in cardiac smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. To determine specific roles of EPHX2 in cardiac cell types, we generated mice with cell-specific disruption of Ephx2 in endothelial cells (Ephx2fx/fx/Tek-cre) or cardiomyocytes (Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre) to compare to global Ephx2-deficient mice (global Ephx2-/-) and WT (Ephx2fx/fx) mice in expression, EET hydrolase activity, and heart function studies. Most cardiac EPHX2 expression and activity is in cardiomyocytes with substantially less activity in endothelial cells. Ephx2fx/fx/Tek-cre hearts have similar EPHX2 expression, hydrolase activity, and postischemic cardiac function as control Ephx2fx/fx hearts. However, Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre hearts were similar to global Ephx2-/- hearts with significantly diminished EPHX2 expression, decreased hydrolase activity, and enhanced postischemic cardiac function compared to Ephx2fx/fx hearts. During reperfusion, Ephx2fx/fx/Myh6-cre hearts displayed increased ERK activation compared to Ephx2fx/fx hearts, which could be reversed by EEZE treatment. EPHX2 did not regulate coronary vasodilation in this model. We conclude that EPHX2 is primarily expressed in cardiomyocytes where it regulates EET hydrolysis and postischemic cardiac function, whereas endothelial EPHX2 does not play a significant role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joan P Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signaling, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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8
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Lopez M, Malacarne PF, Ramanujam DP, Warwick T, Müller N, Hu J, Dewenter M, Weigert A, Günther S, Gilsbach R, Engelhardt S, Brandes RP, Rezende F. Endothelial deletion of the cytochrome P450 reductase leads to cardiac remodelling. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1056369. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1056369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) transfers electrons to all microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) thereby driving their activity. In the vascular system, the POR/CYP450 system has been linked to the production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) but also to the generation of reactive oxygen species. In cardiac myocytes (CMs), EETs have been shown to modulate the cardiac function and have cardioprotective effects. The functional importance of the endothelial POR/CYP450 system in the heart is unclear and was studied here using endothelial cell-specific, inducible knockout mice of POR (ecPOR−/−). RNA sequencing of murine cardiac cells revealed a cell type-specific expression of different CYP450 homologues. Cardiac endothelial cells mainly expressed members of the CYP2 family which produces EETs, and of the CYP4 family that generates omega fatty acids. Tamoxifen-induced endothelial deletion of POR in mice led to cardiac remodelling under basal conditions, as shown by an increase in heart weight to body weight ratio and an increased CM area as compared to control animals. Endothelial deletion of POR was associated with a significant increase in endothelial genes linked to protein synthesis with no changes in genes of the oxidative stress response. CM of ecPOR−/− mice exhibited attenuated expression of genes linked to mitochondrial function and an increase in genes related to cardiac myocyte contractility. In a model of pressure overload (transverse aortic constriction, TAC with O-rings), ecPOR−/− mice exhibited an accelerated reduction in cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) as compared to control mice. These results suggest that loss of endothelial POR along with a reduction in EETs leads to an increase in vascular stiffness and loss in cardioprotection, resulting in cardiac remodelling.
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Dalle C, Tournayre J, Mainka M, Basiak-Rasała A, Pétéra M, Lefèvre-Arbogast S, Dalloux-Chioccioli J, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Lécuyer L, Kesse-Guyot E, Fezeu LK, Hercberg S, Galan P, Samieri C, Zatońska K, Calder PC, Fiil Hjorth M, Astrup A, Mazur A, Bertrand-Michel J, Schebb NH, Szuba A, Touvier M, Newman JW, Gladine C. The Plasma Oxylipin Signature Provides a Deep Phenotyping of Metabolic Syndrome Complementary to the Clinical Criteria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911688. [PMID: 36232991 PMCID: PMC9570185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition encompassing a constellation of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Oxylipins are a superfamily of lipid mediators regulating many cardiometabolic functions. Plasma oxylipin signature could provide a new clinical tool to enhance the phenotyping of MetS pathophysiology. A high-throughput validated mass spectrometry method, allowing for the quantitative profiling of over 130 oxylipins, was applied to identify and validate the oxylipin signature of MetS in two independent nested case/control studies involving 476 participants. We identified an oxylipin signature of MetS (coined OxyScore), including 23 oxylipins and having high performances in classification and replicability (cross-validated AUCROC of 89%, 95% CI: 85–93% and 78%, 95% CI: 72–85% in the Discovery and Replication studies, respectively). Correlation analysis and comparison with a classification model incorporating the MetS criteria showed that the oxylipin signature brings consistent and complementary information to the clinical criteria. Being linked with the regulation of various biological processes, the candidate oxylipins provide an integrative phenotyping of MetS regarding the activation and/or negative feedback regulation of crucial molecular pathways. This may help identify patients at higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The oxylipin signature of patients with metabolic syndrome enhances MetS phenotyping and may ultimately help to better stratify the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Dalle
- UNH, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jérémy Tournayre
- UNH, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Malwina Mainka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alicja Basiak-Rasała
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mélanie Pétéra
- Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, MetaboHUB Clermont, UNH, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sophie Lefèvre-Arbogast
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, INSERMUMR 1219, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Dalloux-Chioccioli
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Lucie Lécuyer
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K. Fezeu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Université de Bordeaux, INSERMUMR 1219, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katarzyna Zatońska
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Obesity and Nutritional Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - André Mazur
- UNH, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul, MetaboHUB, Inserm/UPS UMR 1048-I2MC, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM U1153, INRAE U1125, Cnam, Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - John W. Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cécile Gladine
- UNH, INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-473-624-230
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10
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Gong Y, Tomita Y, Edin ML, Ren A, Ko M, Yang J, Bull E, Zeldin DC, Hellström A, Fu Z, Smith LEH. Cytochrome P450 oxidase 2J inhibition suppresses choroidal neovascularization in mice. Metabolism 2022; 134:155266. [PMID: 35868524 PMCID: PMC9535696 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to blindness. It has been widely reported that increased intake of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) diets reduce CNV. Of the three major pathways metabolizing ω-3 (and ω-6 LCPUFA), the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways generally produce pro-angiogenic metabolites from ω-6 LCPUFA and anti-angiogenic ones from ω-3 LCPUFA. Howevehr, cytochrome P450 oxidase (CPY) 2C produces pro-angiogenic metabolites from both ω-6 and ω-3 LCPUFA. The effects of CYP2J2 products on ocular neovascularization are still unknown. Understanding how each metabolic pathway affects the protective effect of ω-3 LCPUFA on retinal neovascularization may lead to therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of LCPUFA metabolites through CYP2J2 pathway and CYP2J2 regulation on CNV both in vivo and ex vivo. METHODS The impact of CYP2J2 overexpression and inhibition on neovascularization in the laser-induced CNV mouse model was assessed. The plasma levels of CYP2J2 metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy. The choroidal explant sprouting assay was used to investigate the effects of CYP2J2 inhibition and specific LCPUFA CYP2J2 metabolites on angiogenesis ex vivo. RESULTS CNV was exacerbated in Tie2-Cre CYP2J2-overexpressing mice and was associated with increased levels of plasma docosahexaenoic acids. Inhibiting CYP2J2 activity with flunarizine decreased CNV in both ω-6 and ω-3 LCPUFA-fed wild-type mice. In Tie2-Cre CYP2J2-overexpressing mice, flunarizine suppressed CNV by 33 % and 36 % in ω-6, ω-3 LCPUFA diets, respectively, and reduced plasma levels of CYP2J2 metabolites. The pro-angiogenic role of CYP2J2 was corroborated in the choroidal explant sprouting assay. Flunarizine attenuated ex vivo choroidal sprouting, and 19,20-EDP, a ω-3 LCPUFA CYP2J2 metabolite, increased sprouting. The combined inhibition of CYP2J2 with flunarizine and CYP2C8 with montelukast further enhanced CNV suppression via tumor necrosis factor-α suppression. CONCLUSIONS CYP2J2 inhibition augmented the inhibitory effect of ω-3 LCPUFA on CNV. Flunarizine suppressed pathological choroidal angiogenesis, and co-treatment with montelukast inhibiting CYP2C8 further enhanced the effect. CYP2 inhibition might be a viable approach to suppress CNV in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minji Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Bull
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ann Hellström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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11
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a superfamily of monooxygenases with diverse biological roles. CYP2J2 is an isozyme highly expressed in the heart where it metabolizes endogenous substrates such as N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to produce lipid mediators involved in homeostasis and cardioprotective responses. Expanding our knowledge of the role CYP2J2 has within the heart is important for understanding its impact on cardiac health and disease. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review was to assess the state of knowledge regarding cardiac CYP2J2. A literature search was conducted using PubMed-MEDLINE (from 2022 and earlier) to evaluate relevant studies regarding CYP2J2 mediated cardioprotection, small molecule modulators, effects of CYP2J2 substrates toward biologically relevant effects and implications of CYP2J2 polymorphisms and sexual dimorphism in the heart. EXPERT OPINION Cardiac CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates have been shown to impact cardiac function. Identifying individual factors, like sex and age, that affect CYP2J2 require further elucidation to better understand CYP2J2's clinical relevance. Resolving the biological targets and activities of CYP2J2-derived PUFA metabolites will be necessary to safely target CYP2J2 and design novel analogues. Targeting CYP2J2 for therapeutic aims offers a potential novel approach to regulating cardiac homeostasis, drug metabolism and cardioprotection.
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12
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Sosnowski DK, Jamieson KL, Darwesh AM, Zhang H, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Valencia R, Viveiros A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Oudit GY, Seubert JM. Changes in the Left Ventricular Eicosanoid Profile in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879209. [PMID: 35665247 PMCID: PMC9160304 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Metabolites derived from N−3 and N−6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the heart. However, contribution of these lipid mediators to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-associated mitochondrial dysfunction remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize DCM-specific alterations in the PUFA metabolome in conjunction with cardiac mitochondrial quality in human explanted heart tissues. Methods Left ventricular tissues obtained from non-failing control (NFC) or DCM explanted hearts, were assessed for N−3 and N−6 PUFA metabolite levels using LC-MS/MS. mRNA and protein expression of CYP2J2, CYP2C8 and epoxide hydrolase enzymes involved in N−3 and N−6 PUFA metabolism were quantified. Cardiac mitochondrial quality was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, measurement of respiratory chain complex activities and oxygen consumption (respiratory control ratio, RCR) during ADP-stimulated ATP production. Results Formation of cardioprotective CYP-derived lipid mediators, epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), and their corresponding diols were enhanced in DCM hearts. These findings were corroborated by increased expression of CYP2J2 and CYP2C8 enzymes, as well as microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase enzymes, suggesting enhanced metabolic flux and EpFA substrate turnover. DCM hearts demonstrated marked damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure and attenuated mitochondrial function. Incubation of fresh DCM cardiac fibers with the protective EpFA, 19,20-EDP, significantly improved mitochondrial function. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that increased expressions of CYP-epoxygenase enzymes and epoxide hydrolases in the DCM heart correspond with enhanced PUFA-derived EpFA turnover. This is accompanied by severe mitochondrial functional impairment which can be rescued by the administration of exogenous EpFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna K. Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K. Lockhart Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ahmed M. Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Robert Valencia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anissa Viveiros
- Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John M. Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: John M. Seubert
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13
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Kim JS, Arango AS, Shah S, Arnold WR, Tajkhorshid E, Das A. Anthracycline derivatives inhibit cardiac CYP2J2. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 229:111722. [PMID: 35078036 PMCID: PMC8860876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapeutics are highly effective, but their clinical usefulness is hampered by adverse side effects such as cardiotoxicity. Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is a cytochrome P450 epoxygenase in human cardiomyocytes that converts arachidonic acid (AA) to cardioprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) regioisomers. Herein, we performed biochemical studies to understand the interaction of anthracycline derivatives (daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, 5-iminodaunorubicin, zorubicin, valrubicin, and aclarubicin) with CYP2J2. We utilized fluorescence polarization (FP) to assess whether anthracyclines bind to CYP2J2. We found that aclarubicin bound the strongest to CYP2J2 despite it having large bulky groups. We determined that ebastine competitively inhibits anthracycline binding, suggesting that ebastine and anthracyclines may share the same binding site. Molecular dynamics and ensemble docking revealed electrostatic interactions between the anthracyclines and CYP2J2, contributing to binding stability. In particular, the glycosamine groups in anthracyclines are stabilized by binding to glutamate and aspartate residues in CYP2J2 forming salt bridge interactions. Furthermore, we used iterative ensemble docking schemes to gauge anthracycline influence on EET regioisomer production and anthracycline inhibition on AA metabolism. This was followed by experimental validation of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of anthracycline derivatives using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation analysis and inhibition of CYP2J2-mediated AA metabolism by these derivatives. Taken together, we use both experimental and theoretical methodologies to unveil the interactions of anthracycline derivatives with CYP2J2. These studies will help identify alternative mechanisms of how anthracycline cardiotoxicity may be mediated through the inhibition of cardiac P450, which will aid in the design of new anthracycline derivatives with lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Andres S Arango
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Swapnil Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - William R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Aditi Das
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America.
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Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Serum Metabolic Signature of Childhood Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010214. [PMID: 35011090 PMCID: PMC8747180 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates among children are growing rapidly worldwide, placing massive pressure on healthcare systems. Untargeted metabolomics can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and elucidate mechanisms related to its symptoms. However, the metabolic signatures of obesity in children have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with obesity development in childhood. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on fasting serum samples from 27 obese Caucasian children and adolescents and 15 sex- and age-matched normal-weight children. Three metabolomic assays were combined and yielded 726 unique identified metabolites: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC LC–MS/MS), and lipidomics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed clear discrimination between the untargeted metabolomes of obese and normal-weight children, with 162 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between groups. Children with obesity had higher concentrations of branch-chained amino acids and various lipid metabolites, including phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides. Thus, an early manifestation of obesity pathogenesis and its metabolic consequences in the serum metabolome are correlated with altered lipid metabolism. Obesity metabolite patterns in the adult population were very similar to the metabolic signature of childhood obesity. Identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and used to study obesity pathomechanisms.
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15
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Yamoune S, Wintz K, Niederau C, Craveiro RB, Wolf M, Stingl J. Role of cytochrome P450 2C8 genetic polymorphism and epoxygenase uncoupling in periodontal remodelling affecting orthodontic treatment. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:132-140. [PMID: 34740282 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In genome-wide association studies, the CYP2C8 gene locus has been reported to be associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, a severe devastating side effect of antiresorptive bone treatment. The aim of this study was to elucidate the putative pathomechanism explaining the association between the genetic polymorphism with the alleles CYP2C8*2 and *3 causing low CYP2C8 activity, and disturbed periodontal remodelling in periodontal fibroblasts cultured from patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. CYP2C8 activity, enzyme expression and substrate metabolism were detected in human periodontal fibroblast cultures. Zoledronic acid caused enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal fibroblasts, which was enhanced by arachidonic acid as inflammatory signal. Enhanced bisphosphonate-induced uncoupling of the CYP2C8 enzyme was detected in the variant allele (CYP2C8*3) with the result of increased H2 O2 production and lowered substrate oxidation. Conversely, substrate (amodiaquine) addition led to decreased H2 O2 production in isolated CYP2C8 enzymes, but in CYP2C8*3 enzyme, increased H2 O2 was still detected, especially in presence of arachidonic acid. CYP2C8 variants leading to decreased enzyme activity in substrate oxidation may enhance ROS production by reaction uncoupling, and thus, contribute to difficulties in orthodontic treatment and the risk of side effects of antiresorptive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yamoune
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Katharina Wintz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Wolf
- Orthodontic Clinic, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Hildreth K, Kodani SD, Hammock BD, Zhao L. Cytochrome P450-derived linoleic acid metabolites EpOMEs and DiHOMEs: a review of recent studies. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 86:108484. [PMID: 32827665 PMCID: PMC7606796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the Western diet. Cytochrome P450-derived LA metabolites 9,10-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (9,10-EpOME), 12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid (12,13-EpOME), 9,10-dihydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid (9,10-DiHOME) and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) have been studied for their association with various disease states and biological functions. Previous studies of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs have focused on their roles in cytotoxic processes, primarily in the inhibition of the neutrophil respiratory burst. More recent research has suggested the DiHOMEs may be important lipid mediators in pain perception, altered immune response and brown adipose tissue activation by cold and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles and modes of action of the EpOMEs and DiHOMEs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hildreth
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.
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17
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Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Darwesh AM, Sosnowski DK, Seubert JM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammaging in Heart Failure: Novel Roles of CYP-Derived Epoxylipids. Cells 2020; 9:E1565. [PMID: 32604981 PMCID: PMC7408578 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-associated changes leading to a decline in cardiac structure and function contribute to the increased susceptibility and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in elderly individuals. Indeed, age is considered a risk factor for heart failure and serves as an important predictor for poor prognosis in elderly individuals. Effects stemming from chronic, low-grade inflammation, inflammaging, are considered important determinants in cardiac health; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved remains unresolved. A steady decline in mitochondrial function is recognized as an important biological consequence found in the aging heart which contributes to the development of heart failure. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to increased cellular stress and an innate immune response by activating the NLRP-3 inflammasomes, which have a role in inflammaging and age-related CVD pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests a protective role for CYP450 epoxygenase metabolites of N-3 and N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), epoxylipids, which modulate various aspects of the immune system and protect mitochondria. In this article, we provide insight into the potential roles N-3 and N-6 PUFA have modulating mitochondria, inflammaging and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Keshavarz-Bahaghighat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Ahmed M. Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - Deanna K. Sosnowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
| | - John M. Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (H.K.-B.); (A.M.D.); (D.K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta 2020-M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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18
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Eicosanoids and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060520. [PMID: 32545552 PMCID: PMC7346161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor to cause the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) because the retina has high vascularization and long-time light exposition. Cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can convert arachidonic acid (AA) into eicosanoids, which are important lipid mediators to regulate DR development. COX-derived metabolites appear to be significant factors causative to oxidative stress and retinal microvascular dysfunction. Several elegant studies have unraveled the importance of LOX-derived eicosanoids, including LTs and HETEs, to oxidative stress and retinal microvascular dysfunction. The role of CYP eicosanoids in DR is yet to be explored. There is clear evidence that CYP-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have detrimental effects on the retina. Our recent study showed that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation augments retinal soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a crucial enzyme degrading EETs. Our findings suggest that EETs blockade can enhance the ability of RAS blockade to prevent or mitigate microvascular damage in DR. This review will focus on the critical information related the function of these eicosanoids in the retina, the interaction between eicosanoids and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the involvement of eicosanoids in DR. We also identify potential targets for the treatment of DR.
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19
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Wasserman AH, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Bioactive Lipid Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease, Development, and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:E1391. [PMID: 32503253 PMCID: PMC7349721 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death globally. Understanding and characterizing the biochemical context of the cardiovascular system in health and disease is a necessary preliminary step for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring cardiovascular function. Bioactive lipids are a class of dietary-dependent, chemically heterogeneous lipids with potent biological signaling functions. They have been intensively studied for their roles in immunity, inflammation, and reproduction, among others. Recent advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques have revealed a staggering number of novel bioactive lipids, most of them unknown or very poorly characterized in a biological context. Some of these new bioactive lipids play important roles in cardiovascular biology, including development, inflammation, regeneration, stem cell differentiation, and regulation of cell proliferation. Identifying the lipid signaling pathways underlying these effects and uncovering their novel biological functions could pave the way for new therapeutic strategies aimed at CVD and cardiovascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Wasserman
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Regenerative Biology and Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (A.H.W.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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20
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Dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA alter the free oxylipin profile differently in male and female rat hearts. Br J Nutr 2020; 122:252-261. [PMID: 31405389 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are bioactive lipid mediators synthesised from PUFA. The most well-known oxylipins are the eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (ARA), and many of them influence cardiac physiology in health and disease. Oxylipins are also formed from other n-3 and n-6 PUFA such as α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, DHA and linoleic acid (LA), but fundamental data on the heart oxylipin profile, and the effect of diet and sex on this profile, are lacking. Therefore, weanling female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were given American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G-based diets modified in oil composition to provide higher levels of ALA, EPA, DHA, LA and LA + ALA, compared with control diets. After 6 weeks, free oxylipins in rat hearts were increased primarily by their precursor PUFA, except for EPA oxylipins, which were increased not only by dietary EPA but also by dietary ALA or DHA. Dietary DHA had a greater effect than ALA or EPA on reducing ARA oxylipins. An exception to the dietary n-3 PUFA-lowering effects on ARA oxylipins was observed for several ARA-derived PG metabolites that were higher in rats given EPA diets. Higher dietary LA increased LA oxylipins, but it had no effect on ARA oxylipins. Overall, heart oxylipins were higher in female rats, but this depended on dietary treatment: the female oxylipin:male oxylipin ratio was higher in rats provided the ALA compared with the DHA diet, with other diet groups having ratios in between. In conclusion, individual PUFA and sex have unique and interactive effects on the rat heart free oxylipin profile.
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21
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Bannehr M, Löhr L, Gelep J, Haverkamp W, Schunck WH, Gollasch M, Wutzler A. Linoleic Acid Metabolite DiHOME Decreases Post-ischemic Cardiac Recovery in Murine Hearts. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 19:365-371. [PMID: 30725262 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with the formation and action of lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among them, linoleic acid (LA) is metabolized to epoxyoctadecanoic acids (EpOMEs) by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases and further to dihydroxyoctadecanoic acids (DiHOMEs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We hypothesized that EpOMEs and/or DiHOMEs may affect cardiac post-ischemic recovery and addressed this question using isolated murine hearts in a Langendorff system. Hearts from C57Bl6 mice were exposed to 12,13-EpOME, 12,13-DiHOME, or vehicle (phosphate buffered sodium; PBS). Effects on basal cardiac function and functional recovery during reperfusion following 20 min of ischemia were investigated. Electrocardiogram (ECG), left ventricular (LV) pressure and coronary flow (CF) were continuously measured. Ischemia reperfusion experiments were repeated after administration of the sEH-inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)dodecanoic acid (AUDA). At a concentration of 100 nM, both EpOME and DiHOME decreased post-ischemic functional recovery in murine hearts. There was no effect on basal cardiac parameters. The detrimental effects seen with EpOME, but not DiHOME, were averted by sEH inhibition (AUDA). Our results indicate that LA-derived mediators EpOME/DiHOME may play an important role in cardiac ischemic events. Inhibition of sEH could provide a novel treatment option to prevent detrimental DiHOME effects in acute cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwin Bannehr
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lena Löhr
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Gelep
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Haverkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, 16341, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Wutzler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, 16341, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Electrophysiology and Cardiac Rhythm Management, St. Joseph Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
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22
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Vascular Lipidomic Profiling of Potential Endogenous Fatty Acid PPAR Ligands Reveals the Coronary Artery as Major Producer of CYP450-Derived Epoxy Fatty Acids. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051096. [PMID: 32365470 PMCID: PMC7290345 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of oxylipins have been described as endogenous PPAR ligands. The very short biological half-lives of oxylipins suggest roles as autocrine or paracrine signaling molecules. While coronary arterial atherosclerosis is the root of myocardial infarction, aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation is a common readout of in vivo atherosclerosis studies in mice. Improved understanding of the compartmentalized sources of oxylipin PPAR ligands will increase our knowledge of the roles of PPAR signaling in diverse vascular tissues. Here, we performed a targeted lipidomic analysis of ex vivo-generated oxylipins from porcine aorta, coronary artery, pulmonary artery and perivascular adipose. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids were the most abundant detectable oxylipin from all tissues. By contrast, the coronary artery produced significantly higher levels of oxylipins from CYP450 pathways than other tissues. The TLR4 ligand LPS induced prostanoid formation in all vascular tissue tested. The 11-HETE, 15-HETE, and 9-HODE were also induced by LPS from the aorta and pulmonary artery but not coronary artery. Epoxy fatty acid (EpFA) formation was largely unaffected by LPS. The pig CYP2J homologue CYP2J34 was expressed in porcine vascular tissue and primary coronary artery smooth muscle cells (pCASMCs) in culture. Treatment of pCASMCs with LPS induced a robust profile of pro-inflammatory target genes: TNFα, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and CD40L. The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU, which prevents the breakdown of endogenous CYP-derived EpFAs, significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory target genes. In conclusion, PPAR-activating oxylipins are produced and regulated in a vascular site-specific manner. The CYP450 pathway is highly active in the coronary artery and capable of providing anti-inflammatory oxylipins that prevent processes of inflammatory vascular disease progression.
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23
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Han KH, Kim B, Ji SC, Kang HG, Cheong HI, Cho JY, Ha IS. Mechanism of Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Novel Biomarkers: A Metabolomic Analysis of Experimental Glomerulonephritis. Metabolites 2020; 10:E169. [PMID: 32344531 PMCID: PMC7240957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While a complex network of cellular and molecular events is known to be involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the divergence point between reversal and progression and the event that triggers CKD progression are still unknown. To understand the different mechanisms between reversible and irreversible kidney disease and to search for urinary biomarkers that can predict prognosis, a metabolomic analysis was applied to compare acute and chronic experimental glomerulonephritis (GN) models. Four metabolites, namely, epoxyoctadecenoic acid (EpOME), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (EpETE), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and hydroxyretinoic acid, were identified as predictive markers after comparing the chronic nephritis model with acute nephritis and control groups (false discovery rate adjusted p-value (q-value) < 0.05). Renal mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 and epoxide hydrolase was also identified as being involved in the production of epoxide metabolites from these polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.05). These results suggested that the progression of chronic kidney disease is associated with abnormally activated epoxide hydrolase, leading to an increase in EpOME and EpETE as pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hee Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Aran 13gil 15, Jeju-si, Jeju 63241, Korea;
| | - Bora Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Il-Soo Ha
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (B.K.); (S.C.J.); (H.G.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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24
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Carbone F, Bonaventura A, Montecucco F. Neutrophil-Related Oxidants Drive Heart and Brain Remodeling After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1587. [PMID: 32116732 PMCID: PMC7010855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response associated with myocardial and brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a critical determinant of tissue necrosis, functional organ recovery, and long-term clinical outcomes. In the post-ischemic period, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in tissue repair through the clearance of dead cells and cellular debris. Neutrophils play a critical role in redox signaling due to their early recruitment and the large variety of released ROS. Noteworthy, ROS generated during IRI have a relevant role in both myocardial healing and activation of neuroprotective pathways. Anatomical and functional differences contribute to the responses in the myocardial and brain tissue despite a significant gene overlap. The exaggerated activation of this signaling system can result in adverse consequences, such as cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. In light of that, blocking the ROS cascade might have a therapeutic implication for cardiomyocyte and neuronal loss after acute ischemic events. The translation of these findings from preclinical models to clinical trials has so far failed because of differences between humans and animals, difficulty of agents to penetrate into specific cellular organs, and specifically unravel oxidant and antioxidant pathways. Here, we update knowledge on ROS cascade in IRI, focusing on the role of neutrophils. We discuss evidence of ROS blockade as a therapeutic approach for myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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Stefanovski D, Shih PAB, Hammock BD, Watanabe RM, Youn JH. Assessment of soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in vivo: A metabolomic approach. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106410. [PMID: 31931080 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts several FFA epoxides to corresponding diols. As many as 15 FFA epoxide-diol ratios are measured to infer sEH activity from their ratios. Using previous data, we assessed if individual epoxide-diol ratios all behave similarly to reflect changes in sEH activity, and whether analyzing these ratios together increases the power to detect changes in in-vivo sEH activity. We demonstrated that epoxide-diol ratios correlated strongly with each other (P < 0.05), suggesting these ratios all reflect changes in sEH activity. Furthermore, we developed a modeling approach to analyze all epoxide-diol ratios simultaneously to infer global sEH activity, named SAMI (Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Indices). SAMI improved power in detecting changes in sEH activity in animals and humans when compared to individual ratio estimates. Thus, we introduce a new powerful method to infer sEH activity by combining metabolomic determination and simultaneous analysis of all measurable epoxide-diol pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pei-An Betty Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA United States
| | - Jang H Youn
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States; USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA United States.
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26
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Polymorphisms of CYP2C8 Alter First-Electron Transfer Kinetics and Increase Catalytic Uncoupling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184626. [PMID: 31540428 PMCID: PMC6769586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8) epoxygenase is responsible for the metabolism of over 60 clinically relevant drugs, notably the anticancer drug Taxol (paclitaxel, PAC). Specifically, there are naturally occurring polymorphisms, CYP2C8*2 and CYP2C8*3, that display altered PAC hydroxylation rates despite these mutations not being located in the active site. Herein, we demonstrate that these polymorphisms result in a greater uncoupling of PAC metabolism by increasing the amount of hydrogen peroxide formed per PAC turnover. Anaerobic stopped-flow measurements determined that these polymorphisms have altered first electron transfer kinetics, compared to CYP2C8*1 (wildtype), that suggest electron transfer from cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is disfavored. Therefore, these data demonstrate that these polymorphisms affect the catalytic cycle of CYP2C8 and suggest that redox interactions with CPR are disrupted.
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27
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Genetic Deletion or Pharmacological Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Attenuating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143502. [PMID: 31319469 PMCID: PMC6678157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome cascade has a role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. There is growing evidence indicating cytochrome p450 (CYP450)-derived metabolites of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) possess both adverse and protective effects in the heart. CYP-derived epoxy metabolites are rapidly hydrolyzed by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). The current study hypothesized that the cardioprotective effects of inhibiting sEH involves limiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Isolated hearts from young wild-type (WT) and sEH null mice were perfused in the Langendorff mode with either vehicle or the specific sEH inhibitor t-AUCB. Improved post-ischemic functional recovery and better mitochondrial respiration were observed in both sEH null hearts or WT hearts perfused with t-AUCB. Inhibition of sEH markedly attenuated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and limited the mitochondrial localization of the fission protein dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1) triggered by IR injury. Cardioprotective effects stemming from the inhibition of sEH included preserved activities of both cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx)-1 and mitochondrial Trx-2 antioxidant enzymes. Together, these data demonstrate that inhibiting sEH imparts cardioprotection against IR injury via maintaining post-ischemic mitochondrial function and attenuating a detrimental innate inflammatory response.
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28
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Cayer LGJ, Mendonça AM, Pauls SD, Winter T, Leng S, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Aukema HM. Adipose tissue oxylipin profiles vary by anatomical site and are altered by dietary linoleic acid in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 141:24-32. [PMID: 30661602 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary PUFA and their effects on adipose tissue have been well studied, but oxylipins, the oxygenated metabolites of PUFA, have been sparsely studied in adipose tissue. To determine the oxylipin profile and to examine their potential importance in various adipose sites, female and male rats were provided control, high linoleic acid (LA), or high LA and high α-linolenic acid (LA + ALA) diets for six weeks. Analysis of gonadal (GAT), mesenteric (MAT), perirenal (PAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) revealed higher numbers of oxylipins in MAT and SAT, primarily due to 20-22 carbon cytochrome P450 oxylipins, as well as metabolites of cyclooxygenase derived oxylipins. LA oxylipins made up 75-96% of the total oxylipin mass and largely determined the total relative amounts between depots (GAT > MAT > PAT > SAT). However, when the two most abundant LA oxylipins (TriHOMEs) were excluded, MAT had the highest mass of oxylipins and exhibited the most sex differences. These differences existed despite comparable PUFA composition between depots. Dietary LA increased oxylipins derived from n-6 PUFA, and the addition of ALA generally returned n-6 PUFA oxylipins to levels similar to control and elevated some n-3 oxylipins. These data on oxylipin profiles in adipose depots from different anatomical sites and the effects of diet and sex provide fundamental knowledge that will aid future studies investigating the physiological effects of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien G J Cayer
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anne M Mendonça
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tanja Winter
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shan Leng
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
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29
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Meng LB, Shan MJ, Yu ZM, Lv J, Qi RM, Guo P, Zhang YM, Gong T. Chronic stress: a crucial promoter of cell apoptosis in atherosclerosis. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060518814606. [PMID: 30700193 PMCID: PMC7140195 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518814606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic stress may lead to augmented incidence rates of coronary and
cerebrovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis. However, few
studies have focused on the effect of chronic stress on atherosclerosis
plaque formation. Therefore, this study was designed to directly evaluate
how chronic stress affects atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group,
balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group, and chronic
stress + balloon-injury operation + high-fat diet model group. Physical and
social stress were induced, and proteomic methods were applied to identify
specific markers. Results After protein determination, the chronic stress + balloon-injury
operation + high-fat diet model group exhibited significant upregulation of
the following apoptosis-related proteins: UBE2K, caspase 3, caspase 9, BAX,
P53, and FAS. In particular, real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that
the protein expression of caspase 9 was significantly downregulated in the
stress group compared with the non-stress groups. However, the other
proteins showed significantly increased expression in the stress group. Conclusion Chronic stress may promote cell apoptosis in the physiopathologic process of
atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Bing Meng
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Jie Shan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Mou Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Second Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Mei Qi
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Meng Zhang
- Internal Medicine Department, Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Neurology Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Dong Dan, Beijing, China
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Samokhvalov V, Jamieson KL, Darwesh AM, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Lee TYT, Edin M, Lih F, Zeldin DC, Seubert JM. Deficiency of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Protects Cardiac Function Impaired by LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1572. [PMID: 30692927 PMCID: PMC6339940 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a bacterial wall endotoxin producing many pathophysiological conditions including myocardial inflammation leading to cardiotoxicity. Linoleic acid (18:2n6, LA) is an essential n-6 PUFA which is converted to arachidonic acid (20:4n6, AA) by desaturation and elongation via enzyme systems within the body. Biological transformation of PUFA through CYP-mediated hydroxylation, epoxidation, and allylic oxidation produces lipid mediators, which may be subsequently hydrolyzed to corresponding diol metabolites by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). In the current study, we investigate whether inhibition of sEH, which alters the PUFA metabolite profile, can influence LPS induced cardiotoxicity and mitochondrial function. Our data demonstrate that deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase provides protective effects against LPS-induced cardiotoxicity by maintaining mitochondrial function. There was a marked alteration in the cardiac metabolite profile with notable increases in sEH-derived vicinal diols, 9,10- and 12,13-dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid (DiHOME) in WT hearts following LPS administration, which was absent in sEH null mice. We found that DiHOMEs triggered pronounced mitochondrial structural abnormalities, which also contributed to the development of extensive mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac cells. Accumulation of DiHOMEs may represent an intermediate mechanism through which LPS-induced acute inflammation triggers deleterious alterations in the myocardium in vivo and cardiac cells in vitro. This study reveals novel research exploring the contribution of DiHOMEs in the progression of adverse inflammatory responses toward cardiac function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Samokhvalov
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Lockhart Jamieson
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Tim Y T Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Fred Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Hada M, Edin ML, Hartge P, Lih FB, Wentzensen N, Zeldin DC, Trabert B. Prediagnostic Serum Levels of Fatty Acid Metabolites and Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:189-197. [PMID: 30262599 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that inflammation increases risk for ovarian cancer. Aspirin has been shown to decrease ovarian cancer risk, though the mechanism is unknown. Studies of inflammatory markers, lipid molecules such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linoleic acid metabolites, and development of ovarian cancer are essential to understand the potential mechanisms. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study (157 cases/156 matched controls) within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between prediagnostic serum levels of 31 arachidonic acid/linoleic acid/alpha-linoleic acid metabolites and risk of ovarian cancer. RESULTS Five of the 31 arachidonic acid/linoleic acid/alpha-linoleic acid (free fatty acids) metabolites were positively associated with ovarian cancer risk: 8-HETE [tertile 3 vs. 1: OR 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-5.39), P trend 0.02], 12,13-DHOME [2.49 (1.29-4.81), 0.01], 13-HODE [2.47 (1.32-4.60), 0.005], 9-HODE [1.97 (1.06-3.68), 0.03], 9,12,13-THOME [2.25 (1.20-4.21), 0.01]. In analyses by subtype, heterogeneity was suggested for 8-HETE [serous OR (95% CI): 2.53 (1.18-5.39) vs. nonserous OR (95% CI): 1.15 (0.56-2.36), P het 0.1] and 12,13-EpOME [1.95 (0.90-4.22) vs. 0.82 (0.39-1.73), 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Women with increased levels of five fatty acid metabolites (8-HETE, 12,13-DHOME, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, and 9,12,13-THOME) were at increased risk of developing ovarian cancer in the ensuing decade. All five metabolites are derived from either arachidonic acid (8-HETE) or linoleic acid (12,13-DHOME, 13-HODE, 9-HODE, 9,12,13-THOME) via metabolism through the LOX/cytochrome P450 pathway. IMPACT The identification of these risk-related fatty acid metabolites provides mechanistic insights into the etiology of ovarian cancer and indicates the direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Hada
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Matthew L Edin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fred B Lih
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Role of oxylipins in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1142-1154. [PMID: 29877318 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality. Approximately 18 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing more than 30% of all global deaths. New diagnostic tools and therapies are eagerly required to decrease the prevalence of CVDs related to mortality and/or risk factors leading to CVDs. Oxylipins are a group of metabolites, generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular functions, etc. Thus far, over 100 oxylipins have been identified, and have overlapping and interconnected roles. Important CVD pathologies such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, thrombosis, hemostasis and diabetes have been linked to abnormal oxylipin signaling. Oxylipins represent a new era of risk markers and/or therapeutic targets in several diseases including CVDs. The role of many oxylipins in the progression or regression in CVD, however, is still not fully understood. An increased knowledge of the role of these oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular dysfunctions or CVDs including hypertension could possibly lead to the development of biomarkers for the detection and their treatment in the future.
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Aliwarga T, Evangelista EA, Sotoodehnia N, Lemaitre RN, Totah RA. Regulation of CYP2J2 and EET Levels in Cardiac Disease and Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1916. [PMID: 29966295 PMCID: PMC6073148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is a known arachidonic acid (AA) epoxygenase that mediates the formation of four bioactive regioisomers of cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Although its expression in the liver is low, CYP2J2 is mainly observed in extrahepatic tissues, including the small intestine, pancreas, lung, and heart. Changes in CYP2J2 levels or activity by xenobiotics, disease states, or polymorphisms are proposed to lead to various organ dysfunctions. Several studies have investigated the regulation of CYP2J2 and EET formation in various cell lines and have demonstrated that such regulation is tissue-dependent. In addition, studies linking CYP2J2 polymorphisms to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) yielded contradictory results. This review will focus on the mechanisms of regulation of CYP2J2 by inducers, inhibitors, and oxidative stress modeling certain disease states in various cell lines and tissues. The implication of CYP2J2 expression, polymorphisms, activity and, as a result, EET levels in the pathophysiology of diabetes and CVD will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Aliwarga
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Eric A Evangelista
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Xu MJ, Jiang LF, Wu T, Chu JH, Wei YD, Aa JY, Wang GJ, Hao HP, Ju WZ, Li P. Inhibitory Effects of Danshen components on CYP2C8 and CYP2J2. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:15-22. [PMID: 29689254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of Chinese herbal medicines and natural products has become increasingly popular in both China and Western societies as an alternative medicine for the treatment of diseases or as a health supplement. Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Fam.Labiatae), which is rich in phenolic acids and tanshinones, is a widely used herbal medicine for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the inhibitory effects of fifteen components derived from Danshen on CYP2C8 and CYP2J2, which are expressed both in human liver and cardiovascular systems. Recombinant CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 were used, and the mechanism, kinetics, and type of inhibition were determined. Taxol 6-hydroxylation and astemizole O-desmethyastemizole were determined as probe activities for CYP2C8 and CYP2J2, respectively. Metabolites formations were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results demonstrated that salvianolic acid A was a competitive inhibitor of CYP2C8 (Ki = 2.5 μM) and mixed-type inhibitor of CYP2J2 (Ki = 7.44 μM). Salvianolic acid C had moderate noncompetitive and mixed-type inhibitions on CYP2C8 (Ki = 4.82 μM) and CYP2J2 (Ki = 5.75 μM), respectively. Tanshinone IIA was a moderate competitive inhibitor of CYP2C8 (Ki = 1.18 μM). Dihydrotanshinone I had moderate noncompetitive inhibition on CYP2J2 (Ki = 6.59 μM), but mechanism-based inhibition on CYP2C8 (KI = 0.43 μM, kinact = 0.097 min-1). Tanshinone I was a moderate competitive inhibitor of CYP2C8 (Ki = 4.20 μM). These findings suggested that Danshen preparations appear not likely to pose a significant risk of drug interactions mediated by CYP2C8 after oral administration; but their inhibitory effects on intestinal CYP2J2 mediated drug metabolism should not be neglected when they are given orally in combination with other drugs. Additionally, this study provided novel insights into the underling pharmacological mechanisms of Danshen components from the perspective of CYP2C8 and CYP2J2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ji-Hong Chu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi-Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ji-Ye Aa
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guang-Ji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hai-Ping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Ju
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Solanki M, Pointon A, Jones B, Herbert K. Cytochrome P450 2J2: Potential Role in Drug Metabolism and Cardiotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1053-1065. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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van 't Erve TJ, Lih FB, Kadiiska MB, Deterding LJ, Mason RP. Elevated plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F 2α levels in human smokers originate primarily from enzymatic instead of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:105-112. [PMID: 29162517 PMCID: PMC5767525 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that free radicals in tobacco smoke lead to oxidative stress and generate the popular lipid peroxidation biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). However, 8-iso-PGF2α can simultaneously be produced in vivo by the prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases (PGHS) induced by inflammation. This inflammation-dependent mechanism has never been considered as a source of elevated 8-iso-PGF2α in tobacco smokers. The goal of this study is to quantify the distribution of chemical- and PGHS-dependent 8-iso-PGF2α formation in the plasma of tobacco smokers and non-smokers. The influences of gender and hormonal contraceptive use were accounted for. The distribution was determined by measuring the 8-iso-PGF2α/prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) ratio. When comparing smokers (n = 28) against non-smokers (n = 30), there was a statistically significant increase in the 8-iso-PGF2α concentration. The source of this increased 8-iso-PGF2α was primarily from PGHS. When stratifying for gender, the increase in 8-iso-PGF2α in male smokers (n = 9) was primarily from PGHS. Interestingly, female smokers on hormonal contraceptives had increased 8-iso-PGF2α in both pathways, whereas those not on hormonal contraceptives did not have increased 8-iso-PGF2α. In conclusion, increased plasma 8-iso-PGF2α in tobacco smokers has complex origins, with PGHS-dependent formation as the primary source. Accounting for both pathways provides a definitive measurement of both oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van 't Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA.
| | - Fred B Lih
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Maria B Kadiiska
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Leesa J Deterding
- Epigenetic and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709 NC, USA
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Gervasini G, Luna E, Garcia-Pino G, Azevedo L, Mota-Zamorano S, José Cubero J. Polymorphisms in genes involved in vasoactive eicosanoid synthesis affect cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients. Curr Med Res Opin 2018; 34:247-253. [PMID: 29022765 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1391757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arachidonic acid metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases leads to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are eicosanoids with vasodilator and anti-inflammatory properties. We aim to determine whether genetic variability in these routes may contribute to cardiovascular (CV) risk in renal transplant recipients. METHODS In a cohort of 355 patients, we determined the presence of two polymorphisms, CYP2C8*3 and CYP2J2*7, known to affect eicosanoid levels. Associations with CV mortality, CV event-free long-term survival and graft survival were retrospectively investigated by logistic regression models. RESULTS CYP2J2*7 showed a statistical trend towards higher CV mortality (p = .06) and lower cardiac or cerebral event-free long-term survival (p = .05), whilst CYP2C8*3 displayed a significant inverse association with the risk of CV event (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.34 [0.15-0.78], p = .01). The association of CYP2J2*7 with CV mortality became significant when the analysis was restrained to 316 patients without a history of CV events prior to transplantation (HR = 15.72 [2.83-91.94], p = .005). In this subgroup of patients both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with event-free survival. HR values were 5.44 (1.60-18.51), p = .007 and 0.26 (0.09-0.75), p = .012 for CYP2J2*7 and CYP2C8*3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results show, for the first time to our knowledge, that two SNPs in CYP2C8 and CYP2J2, which synthesize EETs, may modify CV outcomes in renal transplant recipients, a population that is already at a high risk of suffering these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gervasini
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology , Medical School, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Enrique Luna
- b Service of Nephrology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Pino
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology , Medical School, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Lilia Azevedo
- b Service of Nephrology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- a Department of Medical and Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology , Medical School, University of Extremadura , Badajoz , Spain
| | - Juan José Cubero
- b Service of Nephrology, Infanta Cristina University Hospital , Badajoz , Spain
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Edin ML, Hamedani BG, Gruzdev A, Graves JP, Lih FB, Arbes SJ, Singh R, Orjuela Leon AC, Bradbury JA, DeGraff LM, Hoopes SL, Arand M, Zeldin DC. Epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosanoids and impairs cardiac recovery after ischemia. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:3281-3292. [PMID: 29298899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli such as inflammation or hypoxia induce cytochrome P450 epoxygenase-mediated production of arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). EETs have cardioprotective, vasodilatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, which are diminished by EET hydrolysis yielding biologically less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Previous in vitro assays have suggested that epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) is responsible for nearly all EET hydrolysis. EPHX1, which exhibits slow EET hydrolysis in vitro, is thought to contribute only marginally to EET hydrolysis. Using Ephx1-/-, Ephx2-/-, and Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- mice, we show here that EPHX1 significantly contributes to EET hydrolysis in vivo Disruption of Ephx1 and/or Ephx2 genes did not induce compensatory changes in expression of other Ephx genes or CYP2 family epoxygenases. Plasma levels of 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-DHET were reduced by 38, 44, and 67% in Ephx2-/- mice compared with wildtype (WT) mice, respectively; however, plasma from Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- mice exhibited significantly greater reduction (100, 99, and 96%) of those respective DHETs. Kinetic assays and FRET experiments indicated that EPHX1 is a slow EET scavenger, but hydrolyzes EETs in a coupled reaction with cytochrome P450 to limit basal EET levels. Moreover, we also found that EPHX1 activities are biologically relevant, as Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- hearts had significantly better postischemic functional recovery (71%) than both WT (31%) and Ephx2-/- (51%) hearts. These findings indicate that Ephx1-/-Ephx2-/- mice are a valuable model for assessing EET-mediated effects, uncover a new paradigm for EET metabolism, and suggest that dual EPHX1 and EPHX2 inhibition may represent a therapeutic approach to manage human pathologies such as myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Edin
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Behin Gholipour Hamedani
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Joan P Graves
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Fred B Lih
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Samuel J Arbes
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Rohanit Singh
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Anette C Orjuela Leon
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Alyce Bradbury
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Laura M DeGraff
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
| | - Michael Arand
- the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- From the Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709 and
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Jamieson KL, Endo T, Darwesh AM, Samokhvalov V, Seubert JM. Cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids and heart function. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:47-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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40
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Omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins are implicated in soybean oil-induced obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12488. [PMID: 28970503 PMCID: PMC5624939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean oil consumption is increasing worldwide and parallels a rise in obesity. Rich in unsaturated fats, especially linoleic acid, soybean oil is assumed to be healthy, and yet it induces obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in mice. Here, we show that the genetically modified soybean oil Plenish, which came on the U.S. market in 2014 and is low in linoleic acid, induces less obesity than conventional soybean oil in C57BL/6 male mice. Proteomic analysis of the liver reveals global differences in hepatic proteins when comparing diets rich in the two soybean oils, coconut oil, and a low-fat diet. Metabolomic analysis of the liver and plasma shows a positive correlation between obesity and hepatic C18 oxylipin metabolites of omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids (linoleic and α-linolenic acid, respectively) in the cytochrome P450/soluble epoxide hydrolase pathway. While Plenish induced less insulin resistance than conventional soybean oil, it resulted in hepatomegaly and liver dysfunction as did olive oil, which has a similar fatty acid composition. These results implicate a new class of compounds in diet-induced obesity–C18 epoxide and diol oxylipins.
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Reduced coronary reactive hyperemia in mice was reversed by the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (t-AUCB): Role of adenosine A 2A receptor and plasma oxylipins. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 131:83-95. [PMID: 28890385 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) protects the heart against ischemia. Adenosine A2AAR-deficient (A2AAR-/-) mice have increased expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH); the enzyme responsible for breaking down the cardioprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). sEH-inhibition enhances CRH, increases EETs, and modulates oxylipin profiles. We investigated the changes of oxylipins and their impact on CRH in A2AAR-/- and wild type (WT) mice. We hypothesized that the attenuated CRH in A2AAR-/- mice is mediated by changes in oxylipin profiles, and that it can be reversed by either sEH- or ω-hydroxylases-inhibition. Compared to WT mice, A2AAR-/- mice had attenuated CRH and changed oxylipin profiles, which were consistent between plasma and heart perfusate samples, including decreased EET/DHET ratios, and increased hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Plasma oxylipns in A2AAR-/- mice indicated an increased proinflammatory state including increased ω-terminal HETEs, decreased epoxyoctadecaenoic/dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acids (EpOMEs/DiHOMEs) ratios, increased 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and increased prostanoids. Inhibition of either sEH or ω-hydroxylases reversed the reduced CRH in A2AAR-/- mice. In WT and sEH-/- mice, blocking A2AAR decreased CRH. These data demonstrate that A2AAR-deletion was associated with changes in oxylipin profiles, which may contribute to the attenuated CRH. Also, inhibition of sEH and ω-hydroxylases reversed the reduction in CRH.
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Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase lipid metabolites are significant second messengers in the resolution of choroidal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E7545-E7553. [PMID: 28827330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620898114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness for individuals age 50 and above in the developed world. Abnormal growth of choroidal blood vessels, or choroidal neovascularization (CNV), is a hallmark of the neovascular (wet) form of advanced AMD and leads to significant vision loss. A growing body of evidence supports a strong link between neovascular disease and inflammation. Metabolites of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase pathway serve as vital second messengers that regulate a number of hormones and growth factors involved in inflammation and vascular function. Using transgenic mice with altered CYP lipid biosynthetic pathways in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV, we characterized the role of these lipid metabolites in regulating neovascular disease. We discovered that the CYP-derived lipid metabolites epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) are vital in dampening CNV severity. Specifically, overexpression of the monooxygenase CYP2C8 or genetic ablation or inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme led to increased levels of EDP and EEQ with attenuated CNV development. In contrast, when we promoted the degradation of these CYP-derived metabolites by transgenic overexpression of sEH, the protective effect against CNV was lost. We found that these molecules work in part through their ability to regulate the expression of key leukocyte adhesion molecules, on both leukocytes and endothelial cells, thereby mediating leukocyte recruitment. These results suggest that CYP lipid signaling molecules and their regulators are potential therapeutic targets in neovascular diseases.
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Kuhn MJ, Mavangira V, Gandy JC, Zhang C, Jones AD, Sordillo LM. Differences in the Oxylipid Profiles of Bovine Milk and Plasma at Different Stages of Lactation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4980-4988. [PMID: 28570057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is caused by a bacterial infection of the mammary gland, which reduces both milk quality and quantity produced for human consumption. The incidence and severity of bovine mastitis are greatest during the periparturient period that results from dysfunctional inflammatory responses and causes damage to milk synthesizing tissues. Oxylipids are potent fatty acid-derived mediators that control the onset and resolution of the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to investigate how oxylipid profiles change in bovine milk at different stages of the lactation cycle. Results showed significantly lower concentrations of both milk polyunsaturated fatty acid content and total oxylipid biosynthesis during early lactation when compared to mid- or late-lactation. The only oxylipid that was higher during early lactation was 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), which is often associated with inflammatory-based diseases. Milk oxylipid profiles during the different stages of lactation differed from plasma profiles. As such, plasma fatty acid and oxylipid concentrations are not a proxy for local changes in the mammary gland during the lactation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kuhn
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Vengai Mavangira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing 48824, United States
| | - Jeffery C Gandy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing 48824, United States
| | | | | | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing 48824, United States
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Hoopes SL, Gruzdev A, Edin ML, Graves JP, Bradbury JA, Flake GP, Lih FB, DeGraff LM, Zeldin DC. Generation and characterization of epoxide hydrolase 3 (EPHX3)-deficient mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175348. [PMID: 28384353 PMCID: PMC5383309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which play an important role in blood pressure regulation, protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Epoxide hydrolases metabolize EETs to their corresponding diols (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids; DHETs) which are biologically less active. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1, mEH) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2, sEH) were identified >30 years ago and are capable of hydrolyzing EETs to DHETs. A novel epoxide hydrolase, EPHX3, was recently identified by sequence homology and also exhibits epoxide hydrolase activity in vitro with a substrate preference for 9,10-epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acid (EpOME) and 11,12-EET. EPHX3 is highly expressed in the skin, lung, stomach, esophagus, and tongue; however, its endogenous function is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the impact of genetic disruption of Ephx3 on fatty acid epoxide hydrolysis and EET-related physiology in mice. Ephx3-/- mice were generated by excising the promoter and first four exons of the Ephx3 gene using Cre-LoxP methodology. LC-MS/MS analysis of Ephx3-/- heart, lung, and skin lysates revealed no differences in endogenous epoxide:diol ratios compared to wild type (WT). Ephx3-/- mice also exhibited no change in plasma levels of fatty acid epoxides and diols relative to WT. Incubations of cytosolic and microsomal fractions prepared from Ephx3-/- and WT stomach, lung, and skin with synthetic 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 9,10-EpOME revealed no significant differences in rates of fatty acid diol formation between the genotypes. Ephx3-/- hearts had similar functional recovery compared to WT hearts following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Following intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, Ephx3-/- mice were not different from WT in terms of lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts, or fatty acid epoxide and diol levels. We conclude that genetic disruption of Ephx3 does not result in an overt phenotype and has no significant effects on the metabolism of EETs or EpOMEs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joan P. Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - J. Alyce Bradbury
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Gordon P. Flake
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Fred B. Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Laura M. DeGraff
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Morisseau C, Falck JR, Nayeem MA. Vascular endothelial overexpression of human CYP2J2 (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) modulates cardiac oxylipin profiles and enhances coronary reactive hyperemia in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174137. [PMID: 28328948 PMCID: PMC5362206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is metabolized to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by cytochrome (CYP) P450 epoxygenases, and to ω-terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) by ω-hydroxylases. EETs and HETEs often have opposite biologic effects; EETs are vasodilatory and protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury, while ω-terminal HETEs are vasoconstrictive and cause vascular dysfunction. Other oxylipins, such as epoxyoctadecaenoic acids (EpOMEs), hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), and prostanoids also have varied vascular effects. Post-ischemic vasodilation in the heart, known as coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), protects against potential damage to the heart muscle caused by ischemia. The relationship among CRH response to ischemia, in mice with altered levels of CYP2J epoxygenases has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of endothelial overexpression of the human cytochrome P450 epoxygenase CYP2J2 in mice (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr) on oxylipin profiles and CRH. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of pharmacologic inhibition of CYP-epoxygenases and inhibition of ω-hydroxylases on CRH. We hypothesized that CRH would be enhanced in isolated mouse hearts with vascular endothelial overexpression of human CYP2J2 through modulation of oxylipin profiles. Similarly, we expected that inhibition of CYP-epoxygenases would reduce CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases would enhance CRH. Compared to WT mice, Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr mice had enhanced CRH, including repayment volume, repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (P < 0.05). Similarly, inhibition of ω-hydroxylases increased repayment volume and repayment duration, in Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr compared to WT mice (P < 0.05). Endothelial overexpression of CYP2J2 significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including increased EETs (P < 0.05), increased EpOMEs (P < 0.05), and decreased 8-iso-PGF2α (P < 0.05). Inhibition of CYP epoxygenases with MS-PPOH attenuated CRH (P < 0.05). Ischemia caused a decrease in mid-chain HETEs (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs P < 0.05) and HODEs (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that vascular endothelial overexpression of CYP2J2, through changing the oxylipin profiles, enhances CRH. Inhibition of CYP epoxygenases decreases CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases enhances CRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - John R. Falck
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Hanif A, Edin ML, Zeldin DC, Morisseau C, Falck JR, Nayeem MA. Vascular Endothelial Over-Expression of Human Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (Tie2-sEH Tr) Attenuates Coronary Reactive Hyperemia in Mice: Role of Oxylipins and ω-Hydroxylases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169584. [PMID: 28056085 PMCID: PMC5215949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) into two vasoactive oxylipins with opposing biologic effects: epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and omega-(ω)-terminal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). EETs have numerous beneficial physiological effects, including vasodilation and protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, whereas ω-terminal HETEs induce vasoconstriction and vascular dysfunction. We evaluated the effect of these oxylipins on post-ischemic vasodilation known as coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH). CRH prevents the potential harm associated with transient ischemia. The beneficial effects of EETs are reduced after their hydrolysis to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). ω-terminal HETEs are formed by ω-hydroxylase family members. The relationship among endothelial over-expression of sEH (Tie2-sEH Tr), the changes in oxylipins it may produce, the pharmacologic inhibition of ω-hydroxylases, activation of PPARγ, and CRH response to a brief ischemia is not known. We hypothesized that CRH is attenuated in isolated mouse hearts with endothelial sEH over-expression through modulation of oxylipin profiles, whereas both inhibition of ω-hydroxylases and activation of PPARγ enhance CRH. Compared to WT mice, Tie2-sEH Tr mice had decreased CRH, including repayment volume, repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (P < 0.05), whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases increased these same CRH parameters in Tie2-sEH Tr mice. Inhibition of sEH with t-AUCB reversed the decreased CRH in Tie2-sEH Tr mice. Endothelial over-expression of sEH significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including decreases in DHETs, mid-chain HETEs, and prostaglandins (P < 0.05). Treatment with rosiglitazone, PPARγ-agonist, enhanced CRH (P < 0.05) in both Tie2-sEH Tr and wild type (WT) mice. These data demonstrate that endothelial over-expression of sEH (through changing the oxylipin profiles) attenuates CRH, whereas inhibition of ω-hydroxylases and activation of PPARγ enhance it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hanif
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Falck
- Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research. West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Changed the Protein Expressions and Activities of Drug-Metabolising Enzymes in the Liver of Male Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4970906. [PMID: 27800121 PMCID: PMC5075309 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4970906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major health problem and is mainly associated with the persistent inability of men to maintain sufficient erection for satisfactory sexual performance. Millions of men are using sildenafil, vardenafil, and/or tadalafil for ED treatment. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a central role in the metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics as well as endogenous compounds. Susceptibility of individuals to the adverse effects of different drugs is mainly dependent on the expression of CYPs proteins. Therefore, changes in activities of phase I drug-metabolising enzymes [arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase (DMN-dI), 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase ((EROD)] and the protein expression of different CYPs isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2B1/2, CYP3A4, CYP2C23, and CYP2C6) were determined after treatment of male rats with either low or high doses of sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and/or vardenafil (Levitra) for 3 weeks. The present study showed that low doses of tadalafil and vardenafil increased DMN-dI activity by 32 and 23%, respectively. On the other hand, high doses of tadalafil, vardenafil, and sildenafil decreased such activity by 50, 56, and 52%, respectively. In addition, low doses of tadalafil and vardenafil induced the protein expression of CYP2E1. On the other hand, high doses of either tadalafil or sildenafil were more potent inhibitors to CYP2E1 expression than vardenafil. Moreover, low doses of both vardenafil and sildenafil markedly increased AHH activity by 162 and 247%, respectively, whereas high doses of tadalafil, vardenafil, and sildenafil inhibited such activity by 36, 49, and 57% and inhibited the EROD activity by 39, 49, and 33%, respectively. Low and high doses of tadalafil, vardenafil, and sildenafil inhibited the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase as well as its protein expression. In addition, such drugs inhibited the expression of CYP B1/2 along with its corresponding enzyme marker ECOD activity. It is concluded that changes in the expression and activity of phase I drug-metabolising enzymes could change the normal metabolic pathways and might enhance the deleterious effects of exogenous as well as endogenous compounds.
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Gong Y, Shao Z, Fu Z, Edin ML, Sun Y, Liegl RG, Wang Z, Liu CH, Burnim SB, Meng SS, Lih FB, SanGiovanni JP, Zeldin DC, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Fenofibrate Inhibits Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase 2C Activity to Suppress Pathological Ocular Angiogenesis. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:201-211. [PMID: 27720395 PMCID: PMC5264653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascular eye diseases including retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related-macular-degeneration are major causes of blindness. Fenofibrate treatment in type 2 diabetes patients reduces progression of diabetic retinopathy independent of its peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α agonist lipid lowering effect. The mechanism is unknown. Fenofibrate binds to and inhibits cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C with higher affinity than to PPARα. CYP2C metabolizes ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). While ω-3 LCPUFA products from other metabolizing pathways decrease retinal and choroidal neovascularization, CYP2C products of both ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFAs promote angiogenesis. We hypothesized that fenofibrate inhibits retinopathy by reducing CYP2C ω-3 LCPUFA (and ω-6 LCPUFA) pro-angiogenic metabolites. Fenofibrate reduced retinal and choroidal neovascularization in PPARα-/-mice and augmented ω-3 LCPUFA protection via CYP2C inhibition. Fenofibrate suppressed retinal and choroidal neovascularization in mice overexpressing human CYP2C8 in endothelial cells and reduced plasma levels of the pro-angiogenic ω-3 LCPUFA CYP2C8 product, 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid. 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid reversed fenofibrate-induced suppression of angiogenesis ex vivo and suppression of endothelial cell functions in vitro. In summary fenofibrate suppressed retinal and choroidal neovascularization via CYP2C inhibition as well as by acting as an agonist of PPARα. Fenofibrate augmented the overall protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFAs on neovascular eye diseases. Fenofibrate inhibits retinal and choroidal neovascularization by inhibiting CYP2C activity as well as by activating PPARα. Fenofibrate augments the protective effects of ω-3 LCPUFAs on pathological ocular angiogenesis. Inhibition of CYP2C is a potential therapeutic approach for treatment of proliferative retinopathy and neovascular AMD.
Findings from clinical trials indicate that fenofibrate reduces the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but the mechanism of this effect is currently unknown. Dietary intake of ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) is generally associated with a suppression of proliferative retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration acting through LCPUFA cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites. However, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase (CYP)2C ω-3 and ω-6 LCPUFA metabolites promote retinopathy. Fenofibrate is a potent inhibitor of CYP2C. Our findings suggested that fenofibrate suppressed retinal and choroidal neovascularization via CYP2C inhibition. Combination therapy of dietary ω-3 LCPUFA supplementation with fenofibrate may be a promising approach to prevent incidence or progression of neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Zhuo Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Raffael G Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Biochemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 01248, United States.
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Effect of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase on the Modulation of Coronary Reactive Hyperemia: Role of Oxylipins and PPARγ. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162147. [PMID: 27583776 PMCID: PMC5008628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH) is a physiological response to ischemic insult that prevents the potential harm associated with an interruption of blood supply. The relationship between the pharmacologic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and CRH response to a brief ischemia is not known. sEH is involved in the main catabolic pathway of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are converted into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). EETs protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and have numerous beneficial physiological effects. We hypothesized that inhibition of sEH by t-AUCB enhances CRH in isolated mouse hearts through changing the oxylipin profiles, including an increase in EETs/DHETs ratio. Compared to controls, t-AUCB-treated mice had increased CRH, including repayment volume (RV), repayment duration, and repayment/debt ratio (p < 0.05). Treatment with t-AUCB significantly changed oxylipin profiles, including an increase in EET/DHET ratio, increase in EpOME/DiHOME ratio, increase in the levels of HODEs, decrease in the levels of mid-chain HETEs, and decrease in prostanoids (p < 0.05). Treatment with MS-PPOH (CYP epoxygenase inhibitor) reduced CRH, including RV (p < 0.05). Involvement of PPARγ in the modulation of CRH was demonstrated using a PPARγ-antagonist (T0070907) and a PPARγ-agonist (rosiglitazone). T0070907 reduced CRH (p < 0.05), whereas rosiglitazone enhanced CRH (p < 0.05) in isolated mouse hearts compared to the non-treated. These data demonstrate that sEH inhibition enhances, whereas CYP epoxygenases-inhibition attenuates CRH, PPARγ mediate CRH downstream of the CYP epoxygenases-EET pathway, and the changes in oxylipin profiles associated with sEH-inhibition collectively contributed to the enhanced CRH.
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