1
|
Radfar F, Shahbazi M, Tahmasebi Boroujeni S, Arab Ameri E, Farahmandfar M. Moderate aerobic training enhances the effectiveness of insulin therapy through hypothalamic IGF1 signaling in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15996. [PMID: 38987609 PMCID: PMC11237031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that is connected with a decline in a person's memory as well as their cognitive ability. One of the key topics of AD research has been the exploration of metabolic causes. We investigated the effects of treadmill exercise and intranasal insulin on learning and memory impairment and the expression of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 in hypothalamus. The animals were put into 9 groups at random. In this study, we examined the impact of insulin on spatial memory in male Wistar rats and analyzed the effects of a 4-week pretreatment of moderate treadmill exercise and insulin on the mechanisms of improved hypothalamic glucose metabolism through changes in gene and protein expression of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4. We discovered that rat given Aβ25-35 had impaired spatial learning and memory, which was accompanied by higher levels of Aβ plaque burden in the hippocampus and lower levels of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus. Additionally, the administration of exercise training and intranasal insulin results in the enhancement of spatial learning and memory impairments, the reduction of plaque burden in the hippocampus, and the enhancement of the expression of IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 in the hypothalamus of rats that were treated with Aβ25-35. Our results show that the improvement of learning and spatial memory due to the improvement of metabolism and upregulation of the IGF1, BDNF, and GLUT4 pathways can be affected by pretreatment exercise and intranasal insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Forough Radfar
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Sports and Health Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417935837, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahbazi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Sports and Health Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417935837, Iran.
| | - Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Sports and Health Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417935837, Iran
| | - Elahe Arab Ameri
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences in Sports, Sports and Health Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417935837, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14177-55469, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Lanzillotta S, Greco V, Pagnotta S, Sanchini C, Di Angelantonio S, Forte E, Rinaldo S, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Cimini FA, Barchetta I, Cavallo MG, Urbani A, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Paul BD, Perluigi M, Duarte JMN, Barone E. Biliverdin Reductase-A integrates insulin signaling with mitochondrial metabolism through phosphorylation of GSK3β. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103221. [PMID: 38843768 PMCID: PMC11190564 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance links the failure of energy metabolism with cognitive decline in both type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the molecular changes preceding overt brain insulin resistance remain unexplored. Abnormal biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) levels were observed in both T2D and AD and were associated with insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that reduced BVR-A levels alter insulin signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brain. Loss of BVR-A leads to IRS1 hyper-activation but dysregulates Akt-GSK3β complex in response to insulin, hindering the accumulation of pGSK3βS9 into the mitochondria. This event impairs oxidative phosphorylation and fosters the activation of the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt). Remarkably, we unveil that BVR-A is required to shuttle pGSK3βS9 into the mitochondria. Our data sheds light on the intricate interplay between insulin signaling and mitochondrial metabolism in the brain unraveling potential targets for mitigating the development of brain insulin resistance and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnology, Perioperative and Intensive Clinics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pagnotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sanchini
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Rome, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Forte
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Basic Biotechnology, Perioperative and Intensive Clinics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go F.Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A.Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Bindu D Paul
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Joao M N Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cai M, Wan J, Cai K, Li S, Du X, Song H, Sun W, Hu J. The mitochondrial quality control system: a new target for exercise therapeutic intervention in the treatment of brain insulin resistance-induced neurodegeneration in obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:749-763. [PMID: 38379083 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern because of its strong association with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetes, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, brain insulin resistance in obesity is likely to lead to neuroplasticity deficits. Since the evidence shows that insulin resistance in brain regions abundant in insulin receptors significantly alters mitochondrial efficiency and function, strategies targeting the mitochondrial quality control system may be of therapeutic and practical value in obesity-induced cognitive decline. Exercise is considered as a powerful stimulant of mitochondria that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances neuroplasticity. It has great potential as a non-pharmacological intervention against the onset and progression of obesity associated neurodegeneration. Here, we integrate the current knowledge of the mechanisms of neurodegenration in obesity and focus on brain insulin resistance to explain the relationship between the impairment of neuronal plasticity and mitochondrial dysfunction. This knowledge was synthesised to explore the exercise paradigm as a feasible intervention for obese neurodegenration in terms of improving brain insulin signals and regulating the mitochondrial quality control system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Jinshan District Central Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201599, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Keren Cai
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xinlin Du
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi Medical Testing, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, 201299, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pandya JD, Musyaju S, Modi HR, Okada-Rising SL, Bailey ZS, Scultetus AH, Shear DA. Intranasal delivery of mitochondria targeted neuroprotective compounds for traumatic brain injury: screening based on pharmacological and physiological properties. J Transl Med 2024; 22:167. [PMID: 38365798 PMCID: PMC10874030 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting drugs to the mitochondrial level shows great promise for acute and chronic treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both military and civilian sectors. Perhaps the greatest obstacle to the successful delivery of drug therapies is the blood brain barrier (BBB). Intracerebroventricular and intraparenchymal routes may provide effective delivery of small and large molecule therapies for preclinical neuroprotection studies. However, clinically these delivery methods are invasive, and risk inadequate exposure to injured brain regions due to the rapid turnover of cerebral spinal fluid. The direct intranasal drug delivery approach to therapeutics holds great promise for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, as this route is non-invasive, bypasses the BBB, enhances the bioavailability, facilitates drug dose reduction, and reduces adverse systemic effects. Using the intranasal method in animal models, researchers have successfully reduced stroke damage, reversed Alzheimer's neurodegeneration, reduced anxiety, improved memory, and delivered neurotrophic factors and neural stem cells to the brain. Based on literature spanning the past several decades, this review aims to highlight the advantages of intranasal administration over conventional routes for TBI, and other CNS disorders. More specifically, we have identified and compiled a list of most relevant mitochondria-targeted neuroprotective compounds for intranasal administration based on their mechanisms of action and pharmacological properties. Further, this review also discusses key considerations when selecting and testing future mitochondria-targeted drugs given intranasally for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh D Pandya
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Sudeep Musyaju
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Hiren R Modi
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Starlyn L Okada-Rising
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Zachary S Bailey
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Anke H Scultetus
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Deborah A Shear
- TBI Bioenergetics, Metabolism and Neurotherapeutics Program, Brain Trauma Neuroprotection (BTN) Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience (CMPN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hai Y, Ren K, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao H, Yuan X, Su L, Li H, Feng X, Liu D. HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116158. [PMID: 38242039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation. HIF-1α activation also leads to the deposition of Aβ by promoting the abnormal shearing of amyloid precursor protein and inhibiting the degradation of Aβ, and it promotes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating oxidative stress and the activation of astrocytes, which further exasperates AD. Therefore, we believe that HIF-α has great potential as a target for the treatment of AD. Importantly, the intracellular homeostasis of HIF-1α is a more crucial factor than its expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Ke Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yarong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Haoshi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xianxia Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Linling Su
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Greco M, Munir A, Musarò D, Coppola C, Maffia M. Restoring autophagic function: a case for type 2 diabetes mellitus drug repurposing in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1244022. [PMID: 38027497 PMCID: PMC10654753 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1244022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a predominantly idiopathic pathological condition characterized by protein aggregation phenomena, whose main component is alpha-synuclein. Although the main risk factor is ageing, numerous evidence points to the role of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as an etiological factor. Systemic alterations classically associated with T2DM like insulin resistance and hyperglycemia modify biological processes such as autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis. High glucose levels also compromise protein stability through the formation of advanced glycation end products, promoting protein aggregation processes. The ability of antidiabetic drugs to act on pathways impaired in both T2DM and PD suggests that they may represent a useful tool to counteract the neurodegeneration process. Several clinical studies now in advanced stages are looking for confirmation in this regard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Greco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anas Munir
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Debora Musarò
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Coppola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Maffia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruegsegger GN, Pataky MW, Simha S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Nair KS. High-intensity aerobic, but not resistance or combined, exercise training improves both cardiometabolic health and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:763-774. [PMID: 37616334 PMCID: PMC10642518 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00405.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how different exercise training modalities influence skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. Healthy [average body mass index (BMI): 25.8 kg/m2], sedentary younger and older participants underwent 12 wk of supervised high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT; n = 13), resistance training (RT; n = 14), or combined training (CT; n = 11). Mitochondrial structure was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Regulators of mitochondrial fission and fusion, cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak), insulin sensitivity via a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and muscle mitochondrial respiration were assessed. TEM showed increased mitochondrial volume, number, and perimeter following HIIT (P < 0.01), increased mitochondrial number following CT (P < 0.05), and no change in mitochondrial abundance after RT. Increased mitochondrial volume associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity following HIIT (P < 0.05). Increased mitochondrial perimeter associated with increased mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak following HIIT (P < 0.05). No such relationships were observed following CT or RT. OPA1, a regulator of fusion, was increased following HIIT (P < 0.05), whereas FIS1, a regulator of fission, was decreased following HIIT and CT (P < 0.05). HIIT also increased the ratio of OPA1/FIS1 (P < 0.01), indicative of the balance between fission and fusion, which positively correlated with improvements in respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HIIT induces a larger, more fused mitochondrial tubular network. Changes indicative of increased fusion following HIIT associate with improvements in mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak supporting the idea that enhanced mitochondrial fusion accompanies notable health benefits of HIIT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed the effects of 12 wk of supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training, and combined training (CT) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial abundance and markers of fission and fusion. HIIT increased mitochondrial area and size and promoted protein changes indicative of increased mitochondrial fusion, whereas lessor effects were observed after CT and no changes were observed after RT. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial area and size after HIIT associated with improved mitochondrial respiration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Suvyaktha Simha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Katherine A Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wen Z, Yang Y, Bu T, Bu X, Ni Q. Cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: abnormal glucose metabolic regulation in the brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1192602. [PMID: 37396164 PMCID: PMC10312370 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1192602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes, supported by evidence of abnormal brain structure and function. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, there are several plausible ways in which this connection may occur. Since, brain functions require a constant supply of glucose as an energy source, the brain may be more susceptible to abnormalities in glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic abnormalities under diabetic conditions may play an important role in cognitive dysfunction by affecting glucose transport and reducing glucose metabolism. These changes, along with oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other factors, can affect synaptic transmission, neural plasticity, and ultimately lead to impaired neuronal and cognitive function. Insulin signal triggers intracellular signal transduction that regulates glucose transport and metabolism. Insulin resistance, one hallmark of diabetes, has also been linked with impaired cerebral glucose metabolism in the brain. In this review, we conclude that glucose metabolic abnormalities play a critical role in the pathophysiological alterations underlying diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD), which is associated with multiple pathogenic factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and others. Brain insulin resistance is highly emphasized and characterized as an important pathogenic mechanism in the DCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’ anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen W, Huang Q, Lazdon EK, Gomes A, Wong M, Stephens E, Royal TG, Frenkel D, Cai W, Kahn CR. Loss of insulin signaling in astrocytes exacerbates Alzheimer-like phenotypes in a 5xFAD mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220684120. [PMID: 37186836 PMCID: PMC10214134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220684120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin signaling controls peripheral energy metabolism and plays a key role in the regulation of mood and cognition. Epidemiological studies have indicated a strong connection between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and neurodegenerative disorders, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD), linked via dysregulation of insulin signaling, i.e., insulin resistance. While most studies have focused on neurons, here, we aim to understand the role of insulin signaling in astrocytes, a glial cell type highly implicated in AD pathology and AD progression. To this end, we created a mouse model by crossing 5xFAD transgenic mice, a well-recognized AD mouse model that expresses five familial AD mutations, with mice carrying a selective, inducible insulin receptor (IR) knockout in astrocytes (iGIRKO). We show that by age 6 mo, iGIRKO/5xFAD mice exhibited greater alterations in nesting, Y-maze performance, and fear response than those of mice with the 5xFAD transgenes alone. This was associated with increased Tau (T231) phosphorylation, increased Aβ plaque size, and increased association of astrocytes with plaques in the cerebral cortex as assessed using tissue CLARITY of the brain in the iGIRKO/5xFAD mice. Mechanistically, in vitro knockout of IR in primary astrocytes resulted in loss of insulin signaling, reduced ATP production and glycolic capacity, and impaired Aβ uptake both in the basal and insulin-stimulated states. Thus, insulin signaling in astrocytes plays an important role in the control of Aβ uptake, thereby contributing to AD pathology, and highlighting the potential importance of targeting insulin signaling in astrocytes as a site for therapeutics for patients with T2D and AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Chen
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY11568
| | - Ekaterina Katie Lazdon
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Antonio Gomes
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| | - Marisa Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY11568
| | - Emily Stephens
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX79430
| | - Tabitha Grace Royal
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Dan Frenkel
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Weikang Cai
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY11568
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shpakov AO, Zorina II, Derkach KV. Hot Spots for the Use of Intranasal Insulin: Cerebral Ischemia, Brain Injury, Diabetes Mellitus, Endocrine Disorders and Postoperative Delirium. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3278. [PMID: 36834685 PMCID: PMC9962062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in the activity of the insulin signaling system of the brain, due to both central insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, leads to neurodegeneration and impaired regulation of appetite, metabolism, endocrine functions. This is due to the neuroprotective properties of brain insulin and its leading role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the brain, as well as in the regulation of the brain signaling network responsible for the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and other systems. One of the approaches to restore the activity of the insulin system of the brain is the use of intranasally administered insulin (INI). Currently, INI is being considered as a promising drug to treat Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The clinical application of INI is being developed for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases and improve cognitive abilities in stress, overwork, and depression. At the same time, much attention has recently been paid to the prospects of using INI for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and postoperative delirium (after anesthesia), as well as diabetes mellitus and its complications, including dysfunctions in the gonadal and thyroid axes. This review is devoted to the prospects and current trends in the use of INI for the treatment of these diseases, which, although differing in etiology and pathogenesis, are characterized by impaired insulin signaling in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O. Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intranasal Administration of KYCCSRK Peptide Rescues Brain Insulin Signaling Activation and Reduces Alzheimer's Disease-like Neuropathology in a Mouse Model for Down Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010111. [PMID: 36670973 PMCID: PMC9854894 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability and is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain insulin resistance greatly contributes to AD development in the general population and previous studies from our group showed an early accumulation of insulin resistance markers in DS brain, already in childhood, and even before AD onset. Here we tested the effects promoted in Ts2Cje mice by the intranasal administration of the KYCCSRK peptide known to foster insulin signaling activation by directly interacting and activating the insulin receptor (IR) and the AKT protein. Therefore, the KYCCSRK peptide might represent a promising molecule to overcome insulin resistance. Our results show that KYCCSRK rescued insulin signaling activation, increased mitochondrial complexes levels (OXPHOS) and reduced oxidative stress levels in the brain of Ts2Cje mice. Moreover, we uncovered novel characteristics of the KYCCSRK peptide, including its efficacy in reducing DYRK1A (triplicated in DS) and BACE1 protein levels, which resulted in reduced AD-like neuropathology in Ts2Cje mice. Finally, the peptide elicited neuroprotective effects by ameliorating synaptic plasticity mechanisms that are altered in DS due to the imbalance between inhibitory vs. excitatory currents. Overall, our results represent a step forward in searching for new molecules useful to reduce intellectual disability and counteract AD development in DS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dewanjee S, Chakraborty P, Bhattacharya H, Chacko L, Singh B, Chaudhary A, Javvaji K, Pradhan SR, Vallamkondu J, Dey A, Kalra RS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Altered glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:134-157. [PMID: 36206930 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism is largely present in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The brain utilizes glucose as its main energy source and a decline in its metabolism directly reflects on brain function. Weighing on recent evidence, here we systematically assessed the aberrant glucose metabolism associated with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau accumulation in AD brain. Interlink between insulin signaling and AD highlighted the involvement of the IRS/PI3K/Akt/AMPK signaling, and GLUTs in the disease progression. While shedding light on the mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective glucose metabolism, we further assessed functional consequences of AGEs (advanced glycation end products) accumulation, polyol activation, and other contributing factors including terminal respiration, ROS (reactive oxygen species), mitochondrial permeability, PINK1/parkin defects, lysosome-mitochondrial crosstalk, and autophagy/mitophagy. Combined with the classic plaque and tangle pathologies, glucose hypometabolism with acquired insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction potentiate these factors to exacerbate AD pathology. To this end, we further reviewed AD and DM (diabetes mellitus) crosstalk in disease progression. Taken together, the present work discusses the emerging role of altered glucose metabolism, contributing impact of insulin signaling, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the defective cerebral glucose utilization in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Hiranmoy Bhattacharya
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, West Bengal, India
| | - Leena Chacko
- BioAnalytical Lab, Meso Scale Discovery, 1601 Research Blvd, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Birbal Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Regional Station, Palampur, 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Javvaji
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India
| | | | | | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- Immune Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 9040495, Japan
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, UP, 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology Departments School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, India; Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hees JT, Harbauer AB. Metabolic Regulation of Mitochondrial Protein Biogenesis from a Neuronal Perspective. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1595. [PMID: 36358945 PMCID: PMC9687362 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons critically depend on mitochondria for ATP production and Ca2+ buffering. They are highly compartmentalized cells and therefore a finely tuned mitochondrial network constantly adapting to the local requirements is necessary. For neuronal maintenance, old or damaged mitochondria need to be degraded, while the functional mitochondrial pool needs to be replenished with freshly synthesized components. Mitochondrial biogenesis is known to be primarily regulated via the PGC-1α-NRF1/2-TFAM pathway at the transcriptional level. However, while transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial genes can change the global mitochondrial content in neurons, it does not explain how a morphologically complex cell such as a neuron adapts to local differences in mitochondrial demand. In this review, we discuss regulatory mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis thereby making a case for differential regulation at the transcriptional and translational level. In neurons, additional regulation can occur due to the axonal localization of mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins. Hitchhiking of mRNAs on organelles including mitochondria as well as contact site formation between mitochondria and endolysosomes are required for local mitochondrial biogenesis in axons linking defects in any of these organelles to the mitochondrial dysfunction seen in various neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jara Tabitha Hees
- TUM Medical Graduate Center, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, in Foundation, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angelika Bettina Harbauer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, in Foundation, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, 81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo X, Zhang Y, Liu C, Ren L, Gao S, Bi J, Liang J, Wang P. Intranasal administration of β‐1, 3‐galactosyltransferase 2 confers neuroprotection against ischemic stroke by likely inhibiting oxidative stress and
NLRP3
inflammasome activation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22542. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200456rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Guo
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Jia Liang
- Institute of Life Science Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Insulin and Its Key Role for Mitochondrial Function/Dysfunction and Quality Control: A Shared Link between Dysmetabolism and Neurodegeneration. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060943. [PMID: 35741464 PMCID: PMC9220302 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin was discovered and isolated from the beta cells of pancreatic islets of dogs and is associated with the regulation of peripheral glucose homeostasis. Insulin produced in the brain is related to synaptic plasticity and memory. Defective insulin signaling plays a role in brain dysfunction, such as neurodegenerative disease. Growing evidence suggests a link between metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). This association is due to a common state of insulin resistance (IR) and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review takes a journey into the past to summarize what was known about the physiological and pathological role of insulin in peripheral tissues and the brain. Then, it will land in the present to analyze the insulin role on mitochondrial health and the effects on insulin resistance and neurodegenerative diseases that are IR-dependent. Specifically, we will focus our attention on the quality control of mitochondria (MQC), such as mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy), in healthy and altered cases. Finally, this review will be projected toward the future by examining the most promising treatments that target the mitochondria to cure neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
16
|
The Role of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Cognitive Dysfunction in Diabetes. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2158-2172. [PMID: 35661963 PMCID: PMC9352619 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a well known risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Mitochondria are the center of intracellular energy metabolism and the main source of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key factor in diabetes-associated brain alterations contributing to neurodegenerative events. Defective insulin signaling may act in concert with neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers neuronal energy exhaustion and oxidative stress, leading to brain neuronal damage and cognitive impairment. The normality of mitochondrial function is basically maintained by mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. In T2DM, defects in the mitochondrial quality control pathway in the brain have been found to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Here, we discuss the association of mitochondrial dysfunction with T2DM and cognitive impairment. We also review the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of cognitive impairment in T2DM.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Derkach KV, Ilyasov IO, Shpakov AO, Avrova NF. Effects of Intranasally Administered Insulin and Gangliosides on Metabolic Parameters and Activity of the Hepatic Insulin System in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022020077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
18
|
Chen W, Cai W, Hoover B, Kahn CR. Insulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:384-400. [PMID: 35361499 PMCID: PMC9035105 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery over 100 years ago, insulin has been recognized as a key hormone in control of glucose homeostasis. Deficiencies of insulin signaling are central to diabetes and many other disorders. The brain is among the targets of insulin action, and insulin resistance is a major contributor to many diseases, including brain disorders. Here, we summarize key roles of insulin action in the brain and how this involves different brain cell types. Disordered brain insulin signaling can also contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases, affecting brain circuits involved in mood and cognition. Understanding of insulin signaling in different brain cell types/circuits and how these are altered in disease may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to these challenging disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Toward the Decipherment of Molecular Interactions in the Diabetic Brain. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010115. [PMID: 35052794 PMCID: PMC8773210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with cognitive complications in the brain resulting from acute and chronic metabolic disturbances happening peripherally and centrally. Numerous studies have reported on the morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical, and cognitive changes in the brains of diabetic individuals. The detailed pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in the development of the diabetic cognitive phenotype remain unclear due to intricate molecular changes evolving over time and space. This review provides an insight into recent advances in understanding molecular events in the diabetic brain, focusing on cerebral glucose and insulin uptake, insulin action in the brain, and the role of the brain in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Fully competent mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism and proper brain function; hence, the potential contribution of mitochondria to the DM-induced impairment of the brain is also discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
In Vitro Comparative Study of Solid Lipid and PLGA Nanoparticles Designed to Facilitate Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Insulin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413258. [PMID: 34948054 PMCID: PMC8703723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain insulin metabolism alteration has been addressed as a pathophysiological factor underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin can be beneficial in AD, but its macro-polypeptide nature negatively influences the chances of reaching the brain. The intranasal (IN) administration of therapeutics in AD suggests improved brain-targeting. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) are promising carriers to deliver the IN-administered insulin to the brain due to the enhancement of the drug permeability, which can even be improved by chitosan-coating. In the present study, uncoated and chitosan-coated insulin-loaded SLNs and PLGA NPs were formulated and characterized. The obtained NPs showed desirable physicochemical properties supporting IN applicability. The in vitro investigations revealed increased mucoadhesion, nasal diffusion, and drug release rate of both insulin-loaded nanocarriers over native insulin with the superiority of chitosan-coated SLNs. Cell-line studies on human nasal epithelial and brain endothelial cells proved the safety IN applicability of nanoparticles. Insulin-loaded nanoparticles showed improved insulin permeability through the nasal mucosa, which was promoted by chitosan-coating. However, native insulin exceeded the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation compared with nanoparticulate formulations. Encapsulating insulin into chitosan-coated NPs can be beneficial for ensuring structural stability, enhancing nasal absorption, followed by sustained drug release.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ryuge A, Kosugi T, Maeda K, Banno R, Gou Y, Zaitsu K, Ito T, Sato Y, Hirayama A, Tsubota S, Honda T, Nakajima K, Ozaki T, Kondoh K, Takahashi K, Kato N, Ishimoto T, Soga T, Nakagawa T, Koike T, Arima H, Yuzawa Y, Minokoshi Y, Maruyama S, Kadomatsu K. Basigin deficiency prevents anaplerosis and ameliorates insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142464. [PMID: 34676828 PMCID: PMC8564892 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocarboxylates, such as lactate and pyruvate, are precursors for biosynthetic pathways, including those for glucose, lipids, and amino acids via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and adjacent metabolic networks. The transportation of monocarboxylates across the cellular membrane is performed primarily by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), the membrane localization and stabilization of which are facilitated by the transmembrane protein basigin (BSG). Here, we demonstrate that the MCT/BSG axis sits at a crucial intersection of cellular metabolism. Abolishment of MCT1 in the plasma membrane was achieved by Bsg depletion, which led to gluconeogenesis impairment via preventing the influx of lactate and pyruvate into the cell, consequently suppressing the TCA cycle. This net anaplerosis suppression was compensated in part by the increased utilization of glycogenic amino acids (e.g., alanine and glutamine) into the TCA cycle and by activated ketogenesis through fatty acid β-oxidation. Complementary to these observations, hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet were ameliorated in Bsg-deficient mice. Furthermore, Bsg deficiency significantly improved insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Taken together, the plasma membrane–selective modulation of lactate and pyruvate transport through BSG inhibition could potentiate metabolic flexibility to treat metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ryuge
- Departments of Nephrology and.,Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryoichi Banno
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yang Gou
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Zaitsu
- Departments of Legal Medicine and Bioethics and
| | - Takanori Ito
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Shoma Tsubota
- Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ozaki
- Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunio Kondoh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | | | - Teruhiko Koike
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Molecular Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gaddam M, Singh A, Jain N, Avanthika C, Jhaveri S, De la Hoz I, Sanka S, Goli SR. A Comprehensive Review of Intranasal Insulin and Its Effect on the Cognitive Function of Diabetics. Cureus 2021; 13:e17219. [PMID: 34540446 PMCID: PMC8442633 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus continues to be a disease that affects a good percentage of our population. The majority affected need insulin on a day-to-day basis. Before the invention of the first manufactured insulin in 1978, dealing with diabetes took a significant toll on patient's lives. As technology and human innovation prevail, significant advancements have taken place in managing this chronic disease. Patients have an option to decide their mode of insulin delivery. Intranasal insulin, one such form, has a rapid mode of action while effectively controlling postprandial hyperglycemia. It has also been proven to reduce hypoglycemia and insulin resistance problems, which seem to be the main adverse effects of using conventional insulin regularly. However, due to the large dosages needed and high incurring costs, Intranasal Insulin is currently being used as adjunctive therapy along with conventional insulin. We conducted a literature search in PubMed indexed journals using the medical terms "Intranasal insulin," "diabetes," and "cognitive impairment" to provide an overview of the mechanism of action of Intranasal Insulin, its distinctive cognitive benefits, and how it can be compared to the standard parenteral insulin therapy. One unique feature of intranasal insulin is its ability to directly affect the central nervous system, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Not only does this help in reducing the peripheral side effects of insulin, but it has also proven to play a role in improving the cognitive function of diabetics, especially those who have Alzheimer's or mild cognitive impairment, as decreased levels of insulin in the brain has been shown to impact cognitive function negatively. However, it does come with its limitations of poor absorption through the nasal mucosa due to mucociliary clearance and proteolytic enzymes, our body's natural defence mechanisms. This review focuses on the efficacy of intranasal insulin, its potential benefits, limitations, and role in cognitive improvement in people with diabetes with pre-existing cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nidhi Jain
- Internal Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | | | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Internal Medicine, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, IND
| | | | - Sujana Sanka
- Internal Medicine, JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
| | - Sri Rupa Goli
- Internal Medicine, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ding XW, Robinson M, Li R, Aldhowayan H, Geetha T, Babu JR. Mitochondrial dysfunction and beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted small peptide SS-31 in Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 171:105783. [PMID: 34302976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are common chronic illnesses in the United States and lack clearly demonstrated therapeutics. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse of the cell", is involved in the homeostatic regulation of glucose, energy, and reduction/oxidation reactions. The mitochondria has been associated with the etiology of metabolic and neurological disorders through a dysfunction of regulation of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondria-targeted chemicals, such as the Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide, have advanced therapeutic potential through the inhibition of oxidative stress and the restoration of normal mitochondrial function as compared to traditional antioxidants, such as vitamin E. In this article, we summarize the pathophysiological relevance of the mitochondria and the beneficial effects of Szeto-Schiller-31 peptide in the treatment of Diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Hadeel Aldhowayan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jadiya P, Garbincius JF, Elrod JW. Reappraisal of metabolic dysfunction in neurodegeneration: Focus on mitochondrial function and calcium signaling. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:124. [PMID: 34233766 PMCID: PMC8262011 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Recent clinical trial failures, difficult diagnosis, uncertain etiology, and lack of curative therapies prompted us to re-examine other hypotheses of neurodegenerative pathogenesis. Recent reports establish that mitochondrial and calcium dysregulation occur early in many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and others. However, causal molecular evidence of mitochondrial and metabolic contributions to pathogenesis remains insufficient. Here we summarize the data supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction result from diverse etiologies of neuropathology. We provide a current and comprehensive review of the literature and interpret that defective mitochondrial metabolism is upstream and primary to protein aggregation and other dogmatic hypotheses of NDDs. Finally, we identify gaps in knowledge and propose therapeutic modulation of mCa2+ exchange and mitochondrial function to alleviate metabolic impairments and treat NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, MERB 949, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Raji SR, Nandini RJ, Ashok S, Anand CR, Vivek VP, Jayakumar K, Harikrishnan VS, Manjunatha S, Gopala S. Diminished substrate-mediated cardiac mitochondrial respiration and elevated autophagy in adult male offspring of gestational diabetic rats. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:676-689. [PMID: 33481330 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart diseases are common in the offspring of diabetic mother (ODM). Defects in mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy may, in part, be responsible for the adverse structural and functional alterations in the heart. The principal objective of this study was to investigate cardiac mitochondrial respiration and autophagy in male and female offspring of diabetic pregnancy at two different developmental stages of life, weaning and adult. Male and female offspring of rats with streptozotocin-induced gestational diabetes were used for the study and compared with offspring of control (non-diabetic) mother (OCM) rats. High-resolution respirometry was used to measure substrate-mediated respiration in mitochondria isolated from ventricular tissues of ODM and OCM. Expression of proteins associated with autophagy and oxidative stress was examined by western blot analysis. Mitochondrial complex I and complex II respiration was significantly reduced in adult male ODM while it was unaltered or less affected in weaning male, adult and weaning female ODM. Elevated autophagy was observed in adult male but not in adult female ODM. Expression of oxidative stress markers was observed to be similar in all the groups. Altered cardiac mitochondrial respiration and autophagy were observed in adult male ODM compared to OCM, while the male and female offspring at weaning stage were less affected. The results of the study show that maternal hyperglycemia affects mitochondrial respiration and autophagy in the ODM heart, which may potentially be responsible for the cardiovascular complications observed in adult life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasikala Rajendran Raji
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ravikumar Jayakumari Nandini
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sivasailam Ashok
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Chellappan Reghuvaran Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Velayudhan Pillai Vivek
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Karunakaran Jayakumar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Shankarappa Manjunatha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Torabi N, Noursadeghi E, Shayanfar F, Nazari M, Fahanik-Babaei J, Saghiri R, Khodagholi F, Eliassi A. Intranasal insulin improves the structure-function of the brain mitochondrial ATP-sensitive Ca 2+ activated potassium channel and respiratory chain activities under diabetic conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166075. [PMID: 33444710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well established that diabetes impairs mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, little is known of the effects of intranasal insulin (INI) on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and structure-function of mitoBKCa channel in diabetes. We have investigated this mechanism in an STZ-induced early type 2 diabetic model. Single ATP-sensitive mitoBKCa channel activity was considered in diabetic and INI-treated rats using a channel incorporated into the bilayer lipid membrane. Because mitoBKCa channels have been involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, a study was undertaken to investigate whether the NADH, complexes I and IV, mitochondrial ROS production, and ΔΨm are altered in an early diabetic model. In this work, we provide evidence for a significant decrease in channel open probability and conductance in diabetic rats. Evidence has been shown that BKCa channel β2 subunits induce a left shift in the BKCa channel voltage dependent curve in low Ca2+ conditions,; our results indicated a significant decrease in mitoBKCa β2 subunits using Western blot analysis. Importantly, INI treatment improved mitoBKCa channel behaviors and β2 subunits expression up to ~70%. We found that early diabetes decreased activities of complex I and IV and increased NADH, ROS production, and ΔΨm. Surprisingly, INI modified the mitochondrial respiratory chain, ROS production, and ΔΨm up to ~70%. Our results thus demonstrate an INI improvement in respiratory chain activity and ROS production in brain mitochondrial preparations coming from the STZ early diabetic rat model, an effect potentially linked to INI improvement in mitoBKCa channel activity and channel β2 subunit expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihad Torabi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Noursadeghi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shayanfar
- Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik-Babaei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saghiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Eliassi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schell M, Wardelmann K, Kleinridders A. Untangling the effect of insulin action on brain mitochondria and metabolism. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12932. [PMID: 33506556 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of energy homeostasis is controlled by the brain and, besides requiring high amounts of energy, it relies on functional insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling in the central nervous system. This energy is mainly provided by mitochondria in form of ATP. Thus, there is an intricate interplay between mitochondrial function and insulin/IGF-1 action to enable functional brain signalling and, accordingly, propagate a healthy metabolism. To adapt to different nutritional conditions, the brain is able to sense the current energy status via mitochondrial and insulin signalling-dependent pathways and exerts an appropriate metabolic response. However, regional, cell type and receptor-specific consequences of this interaction occur and are linked to diverse outcomes such as altered nutrient sensing, body weight regulation or even cognitive function. Impairments of this cross-talk can lead to obesity and glucose intolerance and are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, yet they also induce a self-sustainable, dysfunctional 'metabolic triangle' characterised by insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the brain. The identification of causal factors deteriorating insulin action, mitochondrial function and concomitantly a signature of metabolic stress in the brain is of utter importance to offer novel mechanistic insights into development of the continuously rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and neurodegeneration. This review aims to determine the effect of insulin action on brain mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. It precisely outlines the interaction and differences between insulin action, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 signalling and mitochondrial function; distinguishes between causality and association; and reveals its consequences for metabolism and cognition. We hypothesise that an improvement of at least one signalling pathway can overcome the vicious cycle of a self-perpetuating metabolic dysfunction in the brain present in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Schell
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Wardelmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Creo AL, Cortes TM, Jo HJ, Huebner AR, Dasari S, Tillema JM, Lteif AN, Klaus KA, Ruegsegger GN, Kudva YC, Petersen RC, Port JD, Nair KS. Brain functions and cognition on transient insulin deprivation in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144014. [PMID: 33561011 PMCID: PMC8021100 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a risk factor for dementia and structural brain changes. It remains to be determined whether transient insulin deprivation that frequently occurs in insulin-treated individuals with T1D alters brain function. METHODS We therefore performed functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and neuropsychological testing at baseline and following 5.4 ± 0.6 hours of insulin deprivation in 14 individuals with T1D and compared results with those from 14 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched nondiabetic (ND) participants with no interventions. RESULTS Insulin deprivation in T1D increased blood glucose, and β-hydroxybutyrate, while reducing bicarbonate levels. Participants with T1D showed lower baseline brain N-acetyl aspartate and myo-inositol levels but higher cortical fractional anisotropy, suggesting unhealthy neurons and brain microstructure. Although cognitive functions did not differ between participants with T1D and ND participants at baseline, significant changes in fine motor speed as well as attention and short-term memory occurred following insulin deprivation in participants with T1D. Insulin deprivation also reduced brain adenosine triphosphate levels and altered the phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio. Baseline differences in functional connectivity in brain regions between participants with T1D and ND participants were noted, and on insulin deprivation further alterations in functional connectivity between regions, especially cortical and hippocampus-caudate regions, were observed. These alterations in functional connectivity correlated to brain metabolites and to changes in cognition. CONCLUSION Transient insulin deprivation therefore caused alterations in executive aspects of cognitive function concurrent with functional connectivity between memory regions and the sensory cortex. These findings have important clinical implications, as many patients with T1D inadvertently have periods of transient insulin deprivation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03392441. FUNDING Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1 TR002377) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science; NIH grants (R21 AG60139 and R01 AG62859); the Mayo Foundation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Creo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aida N Lteif
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
| | | | | | - Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition
| | | | - John D Port
- Division of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iravanpour F, Dargahi L, Rezaei M, Haghani M, Heidari R, Valian N, Ahmadiani A. Intranasal insulin improves mitochondrial function and attenuates motor deficits in a rat 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:308-319. [PMID: 33497031 PMCID: PMC7871791 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Experimental and clinical evidences demonstrate that common dysregulated pathways are involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes. Recently, insulin treatment through intranasal (IN) approach has gained attention in PD, although the underlying mechanism of its potential therapeutic effects is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of insulin treatment in a rat model of PD with emphasis on mitochondrial function indices in striatum. Methods Rats were treated with a daily low dose (4IU/day) of IN insulin, starting 72 h after 6‐OHDA‐induced lesion and continued for 14 days. Motor performance, dopaminergic cell survival, mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondria permeability transition pore (mPTP), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and glutathione (GSH) content in mitochondria, mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the gene expression of PGC‐1α, TFAM, Drp‐1, GFAP, and Iba‐1 were assessed. Results Intranasal insulin significantly reduces 6‐OHDA‐induced motor dysfunction and dopaminergic cell death. In parallel, it improves mitochondrial function indices and modulates mitochondria biogenesis and fission as well as activation of astrocytes and microglia. Conclusion Considering the prominent role of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD pathology, IN insulin as a disease‐modifying therapy for PD should be considered for extensive research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Iravanpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tyagi A, Pugazhenthi S. Targeting Insulin Resistance to Treat Cognitive Dysfunction. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2672-2691. [PMID: 33483903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is a devastating disease associated with aging. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, followed by vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has been reported in diabetic patients. Recent studies are now beginning to recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. While studies on insulin action have remained traditionally in the domain of peripheral tissues, the detrimental effects of insulin resistance in the central nervous system on cognitive dysfunction are increasingly being reported by recent clinical and preclinical studies. The findings from these studies suggest that antidiabetic drugs have the potential to be used to treat dementia. In this review, we discuss the physiological functions of insulin in the brain, studies on the evaluation of cognitive function under conditions of insulin resistance, and reports on the beneficial actions of antidiabetic drugs in the brain. This review covers clinical studies as well as investigations in animal models and will further highlight the emerging link between insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anit Tyagi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Subbiah Pugazhenthi
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
de Bem AF, Krolow R, Farias HR, de Rezende VL, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF, Duarte JMDN, de Oliveira J. Animal Models of Metabolic Disorders in the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:604150. [PMID: 33536868 PMCID: PMC7848140 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.604150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of metabolic disorders, as well as of neurodegenerative diseases—mainly the sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease—are increasing worldwide. Notably, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia have been indicated as early risk factors for sporadic forms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. These conditions share a range of molecular and cellular features, including protein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction, all of which contribute to neuronal death and cognitive impairment. Rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia exhibit all the hallmarks of these degenerative diseases, and represent an interesting approach to the study of the phenotypic features and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders. We review the main pathological aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease as summarized in rodent models of obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brazilia, Brazil
| | - Rachel Krolow
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hémelin Resende Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victória Linden de Rezende
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Miguel das Neves Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Khan A, Das S, Sergi C. Therapeutic Potential of Neu1 in Alzheimer's Disease Via the Immune System. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2021; 36:1533317521996147. [PMID: 33719595 PMCID: PMC10624071 DOI: 10.1177/1533317521996147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of soluble oligomers causing extracellular beta-amyloid deposits in form of neuritic plaques and tau-containing intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in brain. One proposed mechanism explaining the formation of these proteins is impaired phagocytosis by microglia/macrophages resulting in defective clearance of soluble oligomers of beta-amyloid stimulating aggregation of amyloid plaques subsequently causing AD. However, research indicates that activating macrophages in M2 state may reduce toxic oligomers. NEU1 mutation is associated with a rare disease, sialidosis. NEU1 deficiency may also cause AD-like amyloidogenic process. Amyloid plaques have successfully been reduced using NEU1.Thus, NEU1 is suggested to have therapeutic potential for AD, with lysosomal exocytosis being suggested as underlying mechanism. Studies however demonstrate that NEU1 may activate macrophages in M2 state, which as noted earlier, is crucial to reducing toxic oligomers. In this review, authors discuss the potential therapeutic role of NEU1 in AD via immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Khan
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sumit Das
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Section of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta and Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pan X, Zhu Y, Wu X, Liu L, Ying R, Wang L, Du N, Zhang J, Jin J, Meng X, Dai F, Huang Y. The interaction of ASIC1a and ERS mediates nerve cell apoptosis induced by insulin deficiency. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173816. [PMID: 33345857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related brain complications are the most serious complications of terminal diabetes. The increasing evidence have showed that the predisposing factor is not only hyperglycemia, but also insulin deficiency. In this study, we demonstrated that insulin deficiency was involved in the apoptosis of nerve cells, and it was related to the interaction between acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). By silencing C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and ASIC1a, the pro-apoptotic effect of insulin deficiency on NS20y cells was relieved. Further research found that the binding of CHOP and C/EBPα was increased in the nucleus of cells cultured without insulin, and C/EBPα was competitively inhibited as a negative regulator of ASIC1a, which further increased the ERS and lead to neuronal apoptosis. In summary, ERS and ASIC1a play an important role in neurological damage caused by insulin deficiency. Our finding may lead to new ideas and treatment of diabetes-related brain complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yueqin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital), Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, 236000, China
| | - Ruixue Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Na Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University. Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Fang Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jayakumari NR, Rajendran RS, Sivasailam A, Vimala SS, Nanda S, Manjunatha S, Pillai VV, Karunakaran J, Gopala S. Impaired substrate-mediated cardiac mitochondrial complex I respiration with unaltered regulation of fatty acid metabolism and oxidative stress status in type 2 diabetic Asian Indians. J Diabetes 2020; 12:542-555. [PMID: 32125087 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be attributed to changes in myocardial mitochondrial metabolism. Though it is a known fact that permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers and isolated mitochondria are metabolically compromised in the Caucasian population, studies of Asian Indian myocardial mitochondrial function are lacking. Thus, the objective of the present study is to analyze if there is altered cardiac mitochondrial substrate utilization in diabetic Asian Indians. METHODS Mitochondrial substrate utilization was measured using high-resolution respirometry in isolated mitochondria prepared from right atrial appendage tissues of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Western blotting and densitometric analysis were also done to compare the levels of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and regulation. RESULTS The mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate for fatty acid substrate was shown to be decreased in diabetic subjects compared to nondiabetic subjects along with an unvaried mitochondrial DNA copy number and uniform levels of electron transport chain complex proteins and proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and regulation. Decreased glutamate but unchanged pyruvate-mediated state 3 respiration were also observed in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSION The current study reports deranged cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid-mediated complex I respiration in type 2 diabetic Asian Indians with comparable levels of regulators of fatty acid oxidation to that of nondiabetic myocardium. Altered glutamate-mediated mitochondrial respiration also points toward possible alterations in mitochondrial complex I activity. When compared with previous reports on other ethnic populations, the current study suggests that Asian Indian population too have altered cardiac mitochondrial substrate utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini R Jayakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Raji S Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Ashok Sivasailam
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Surabhi S Vimala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Saurabh Nanda
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Shankarappa Manjunatha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibi Nagar, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek V Pillai
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jayakumar Karunakaran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Langley MR, Yoon H, Kim HN, Choi CI, Simon W, Kleppe L, Lanza IR, LeBrasseur NK, Matveyenko A, Scarisbrick IA. High fat diet consumption results in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and oligodendrocyte loss in the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165630. [PMID: 31816440 PMCID: PMC7982965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a key risk factor and co-morbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other neurological conditions, such that a better understanding of how a high fat diet contributes to oligodendrocyte loss and the capacity for myelin regeneration has the potential to highlight new treatment targets. Results demonstrate that modeling metabolic dysfunction in mice with chronic high fat diet (HFD) consumption promotes loss of oligodendrocyte progenitors across the brain and spinal cord. A number of transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress pathways in HFD-fed mouse spinal cords were also identified. Moreover, deficits in TCA cycle intermediates and mitochondrial respiration were observed in the chronic HFD spinal cord tissue. Oligodendrocytes are known to be particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, and we observed increased markers of oxidative stress in both the brain and spinal cord of HFD-fed mice. We additionally identified that increased apoptotic cell death signaling is underway in oligodendrocytes from mice chronically fed a HFD. When cultured under high saturated fat conditions, oligodendrocytes decreased both mitochondrial function and differentiation. Overall, our findings show that HFD-related changes in metabolic regulators, decreased mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress contribute to a loss of myelinating cells. These studies identify HFD consumption as a key modifiable lifestyle factor for improved myelin integrity in the adult central nervous system and in addition new tractable metabolic targets for myelin protection and repair strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Langley
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hyesook Yoon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chan-Il Choi
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Whitney Simon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Laurel Kleppe
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kudva YC, Nair KS. Diabetes Mellitus: A Perspective on the Post-Insulin Era. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:15-21. [PMID: 31902410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Su Z, Nie Y, Huang X, Zhu Y, Feng B, Tang L, Zheng G. Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31649547 PMCID: PMC6795753 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuqing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjuan Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ruegsegger GN, Vanderboom PM, Dasari S, Klaus KA, Kabiraj P, McCarthy CB, Lucchinetti CF, Nair KS. Exercise and metformin counteract altered mitochondrial function in the insulin-resistant brain. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130681. [PMID: 31534057 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance associates with increased risk for cognitive decline and dementia; however, the underpinning mechanisms for this increased risk remain to be fully defined. As insulin resistance impairs mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and increases ROS in skeletal muscle, we considered whether similar events occur in the brain, which - like muscle - is rich in insulin receptors and mitochondria. We show that high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) brain insulin resistance in mice decreased mitochondrial ATP production rate and oxidative enzyme activities in brain regions rich in insulin receptors. HFD increased ROS emission and reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, with the concurrent accumulation of oxidatively damaged mitochondrial proteins and increased mitochondrial fission. Improvement of insulin sensitivity by both aerobic exercise and metformin ameliorated HFD-induced abnormalities. Moreover, insulin-induced enhancement of ATP production in primary cortical neurons and astrocytes was counteracted by the insulin receptor antagonist S961, demonstrating a direct effect of insulin resistance on brain mitochondria. Further, intranasal S961 administration prevented exercise-induced improvements in ATP production and ROS emission during HFD, supporting that exercise enhances brain mitochondrial function by improving insulin action. These results support that insulin sensitizing by exercise and metformin restores brain mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology, and.,Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|