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Wang X, He B. Endothelial dysfunction: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e651. [PMID: 39040847 PMCID: PMC11261813 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its complications are a leading cause of death worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of CVD, serving as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, metabolic, and other related diseases. The regulation of endothelial dysfunction is influenced by various risk factors and intricate signaling pathways, which vary depending on the specific disease context. Despite numerous research efforts aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction, the precise molecular pathways involved remain incompletely understood. This review elucidates recent research findings on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in endothelial dysfunction, including nitric oxide availability, oxidative stress, and inflammation-mediated pathways. We also discuss the impact of endothelial dysfunction on various pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the traditional and novel potential biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction as well as pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic strategies for endothelial protection and treatment for CVD and related complications. Consequently, this review is to improve understanding of emerging biomarkers and therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing the risk of developing CVD and associated complications, as well as mitigating endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ben He
- Department of CardiologyShanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Korsmo HW, Ekperikpe US, Daehn IS. Emerging Roles of Xanthine Oxidoreductase in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:712. [PMID: 38929151 PMCID: PMC11200862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) is a ubiquitous, essential enzyme responsible for the terminal steps of purine catabolism, ultimately producing uric acid that is eliminated by the kidneys. XOR is also a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various physiological pathways, as well as contribute to the development and the progression of chronic conditions including kidney diseases, which are increasing in prevalence worldwide. XOR activity can promote oxidative distress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation through the biological effects of reactive oxygen species; nitric oxide and uric acid are the major products of XOR activity. However, the complex relationship of these reactions in disease settings has long been debated, and the environmental influences and genetics remain largely unknown. In this review, we give an overview of the biochemistry, biology, environmental, and current clinical impact of XOR in the kidney. Finally, we highlight recent genetic studies linking XOR and risk for kidney disease, igniting enthusiasm for future biomarker development and novel therapeutic approaches targeting XOR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ilse S. Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1243, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Rabia B, Thanigaimani S, Golledge J. The potential involvement of glycocalyx disruption in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024; 70:107629. [PMID: 38461960 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a weakening and expansion of the abdominal aorta. Currently, there is no drug treatment to limit abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. The glycocalyx is the outermost layer of the cell surface, mainly composed of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to identify a potential relationship between glycocalyx disruption and abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. METHODS A narrative review of relevant published research was conducted. RESULTS Glycocalyx disruption has been reported to enhance vascular permeability, impair immune responses, dysregulate endothelial function, promote extracellular matrix remodeling and modulate mechanotransduction. All these effects are implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Glycocalyx disruption promotes inflammation through exposure of adhesion molecules and release of proinflammatory mediators. Glycocalyx disruption affects how the endothelium responds to shear stress by reducing nitric oxide availabilty and adversely affecting the storage and release of several antioxidants, growth factors, and antithromotic proteins. These changes exacerbate oxidative stress, stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and promote thrombosis, all effects implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Deficiency of key component of the glycocalyx, such as syndecan-4, were reported to promote aneurysm formation and rupture in the angiotensin-II and calcium chloride induced mouse models of abdominal aortic aneurysm. CONCLUSION This review provides a summary of past research which suggests that glycocalyx disruption may play a role in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis. Further research is needed to establish a causal link between glycocalyx disruption and abdominal aortic aneurysm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Rabia
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Shivshankar Thanigaimani
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; The Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.
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Zhao J, Sha B, Zeng L, Dou Y, Huang H, Liang G, Pan J, Hong K, Zhou G, Yang W, Liu J. J-shaped association of serum uric acid concentrations with all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis: A prospective cohort study. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105679. [PMID: 38143017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations and all-cause mortality in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS All participant data were retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. A total of 4671 participants (age range: 20 to 85 years old), including 2988 females and 1683 males, were included in this study. The determination of death outcome was based on the National Death Index (up to December 31, 2019). We explored the nonlinear relationship between SUA concentrations and all-cause mortality in OA patients by establishing a Cox proportional risk model and a two-segment Cox proportional risk model and ran an interaction test to identify the high-risk population for all-cause mortality. RESULTS During 30,645 person-years of follow-up, the number of all-cause deaths for females and males was 736 and 516, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, we found a nonlinear relationship between SUA concentrations and all-cause mortality in both females and males with OA. In addition, we found a J-shaped relationship between SUA concentrations and all-cause mortality. The SUA concentration thresholds for all-cause mortality of females and males were stable at 5.6mg/dl and 6.2mg/dl, respectively. Compared with SUA concentrations below the inflection point, the all-cause mortality risk at higher SUA concentrations in females and males with OA increased by 20% (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 1.2) and 25% (HR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.39), respectively. CONCLUSIONS There is a nonlinear relationship between SUA concentrations and all-cause mortality in the American OA population (J-shaped association). The all-cause mortality thresholds for SUA concentrations in females and males are 5.6mg/dl and 6.2mg/dl, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- The Second Clinical College/State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China; The Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangxin Sha
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- The Second Clinical College/State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China; The Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Dou
- The Second Clinical College/State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China; The Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hetao Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Liang
- The Second Clinical College/State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China; The Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianke Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunhao Hong
- The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Second Chinese Medicine Hospital (Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 510095 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Zhou
- The Second Clinical College/State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyi Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 510120 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- The Research Team on Bone and Joint Degeneration and Injury of Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 510120 Guangzhou, China; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510405 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Second Chinese Medicine Hospital (Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine), 510095 Guangzhou, China.
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Yu Y, Zheng J, Li J, Li X, Liu Z, Yang R, Hong H, Zhang J. Serum uric acid level is associated with glomerular ischemic lesions in patients with primary membranous nephropathy: an analytical, cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7457. [PMID: 38548844 PMCID: PMC10978902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid level and glomerular ischemic lesions (GIL) in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and identify relevant risk factors. A total of 201 patients with PMN but normal renal function confirmed by renal biopsy executed in the Liaocheng People's Hospital, China, during January 2020-January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The enrolled patients were divided into a hyperuricemia group and a normal serum uric acid group (control group) according to their serum uric acid levels. Then, the participants were further divided into a non-GIL group or a GIL group based on the patient's renal biopsy results. The two groups' clinical and pathological data and meaningful indicators for differences were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the serum uric acid level prediction value on GIL was investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Compared with the control group, the hyperuricemia group exhibited high serum uric acid, the prevalence of GIL, serum albumin, the prevalence of hypertension, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-GIL group, the GIL group exhibited were older, had enhanced serum uric acid, serum albumin, and an increased prevalence of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), arteriolosclerosis, and low eGFR levels (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum uric acid and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL (P < 0.05). The AUC of ROC of GIL of PMN patients, predicted based on the serum uric acid concentration, was 0.736 (P < 0.05), wherein the threshold = 426.5 μmol/L and the Youden's index = 0.41. Serum uric acid concentration and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL in patients with PMN, and the former exhibits prediction value on GIL in patients with PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiheng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Jia L, Su J, Ma M, Lin X. Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2471-2478. [PMID: 37586923 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) is a novel index of metabolism and inflammation proposed by recent studies. The prognostic value of UHR is undetermined in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of UHR with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CTO. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 566 patients with CTO lesion in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2019. Patients were divided into three groups based on UHR level. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as a combination of death, non-fatal MI, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and non-fatal stroke. The median follow-up time of this study was 43 months. During the follow-up, 107 (18.9%) MACEs were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival plots show the cumulative incidence of MACE-free decreased across tertile of UHR (log-rank test, p < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, the Hazard ratio (95% CI) of MACE was 2.16 (1.17-3.99) in tertile 3 and 2.01 (1.62-2.49) for per SD increase in UHR. CONCLUSION Elevated UHR predicts an increasing risk of MACE in patients with CTO. UHR is a simple and reliable indicator for risk stratification and early intervention in CTO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Jiannan Su
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui province, 230022, China.
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Angelov AK, Markov M, Ivanova M, Georgiev T. The genesis of cardiovascular risk in inflammatory arthritis: insights into glycocalyx shedding, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis initiation. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:2541-2555. [PMID: 37581758 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review provides a comprehensive examination of the complex interplay between inflammatory arthritis (IA) and cardiovascular pathology. It particularly illuminates the roles of atherosclerosis initiation, endothelial dysfunction, and glycocalyx shedding. IA not only provokes tissue-specific inflammatory responses, but also engenders a considerable degree of non-specific systemic inflammation. This review underscores the accelerating influence of the chronic inflammatory milieu of IA on cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression. A focal point of our exploration is the critical function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) in this acceleration process, which possibly characterizes the earliest phases of atherosclerosis. We delve into the influence of inflammatory mediators on microtubule dynamics, EG modulation, immune cell migration and activation, and lipid dysregulation. We also illuminate the impact of microparticles and microRNA on endothelial function. Further, we elucidate the role of systemic inflammation and sheddases in EG degradation, the repercussions of complement activation, and the essential role of syndecans in preserving EG integrity. Our review provides insight into the complex and dynamic interface between systemic circulation and the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krasimirov Angelov
- Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Markov
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Varna, 9010, Bulgaria
| | - Mariana Ivanova
- Medical Faculty, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Ivan Rilski - Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria.
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital St. Marina - Varna, Varna, 9002, Bulgaria.
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Johnson RJ, Lanaspa MA, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Tolan D, Nakagawa T, Ishimoto T, Andres-Hernando A, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Stenvinkel P. The fructose survival hypothesis for obesity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220230. [PMID: 37482773 PMCID: PMC10363705 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fructose survival hypothesis proposes that obesity and metabolic disorders may have developed from over-stimulation of an evolutionary-based biologic response (survival switch) that aims to protect animals in advance of crisis. The response is characterized by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and increased blood pressure. The process is initiated by the ingestion of fructose or by stimulating endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway. Unlike other nutrients, fructose reduces the active energy (adenosine triphosphate) in the cell, while blocking its regeneration from fat stores. This is mediated by intracellular uric acid, mitochondrial oxidative stress, the inhibition of AMP kinase and stimulation of vasopressin. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is suppressed, and glycolysis stimulated. While this response is aimed to be modest and short-lived, the response in humans is exaggerated due to gain of 'thrifty genes' coupled with a western diet rich in foods that contain or generate fructose. We propose excessive fructose metabolism not only explains obesity but the epidemics of diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity-associated cancers, vascular and Alzheimer's dementia, and even ageing. Moreover, the hypothesis unites current hypotheses on obesity. Reducing activation and/or blocking this pathway and stimulating mitochondrial regeneration may benefit health-span. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Miguel A. Lanaspa
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - L. Gabriela Sanchez-Lozada
- Department of Cardio-Renal Physiopathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología ‘Ignacio Chavez’, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Dean Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1103, Japan
| | - Ana Andres-Hernando
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición ‘Salvador Zubirán’, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Jia L, Su J, Ma M, Lin X. The interaction between uric acid and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1226108. [PMID: 37492158 PMCID: PMC10363914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1226108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The significance of uric acid (UA) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. This study investigated the effect of the interaction between UA and HDL-C on the prognosis of patients with AMI. Methods In total, 480 patients with AMI were included in this study. Baseline and follow-up data were collected, and the primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary endpoint was all-cause death. Both additive and multiplicative interactions were calculated to evaluate their interaction with prognosis. Then, the impact of UA and HDL-C ratio (UHR) on prognosis was assessed. Results Over a median follow-up period of 41 (30,46) months, 136 (28.3%) MACEs, and 44 (9.2%) deaths were recorded. There was a positive additive interaction between UA and HDL-C for MACEs. The attributable proportion (AP) showed that 46% of the estimated effect (MACE in patients) was attributable to this interaction. The synergy index (SI) was 2.04 (1.07,3.88) for MACE, indicating that the risk for patients presenting with both risk factors was greater than the sum of the risk factors alone. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that UHR independently predicted MACEs and mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves according to tertiles of UHR showed statistically significant differences in MACE (log-rank test, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of UHR for predicting MACE was 0.716. Conclusion The coexistence of high UA and low HDL-C has a synergistic effect and provides further information for risk stratification of patients with AMI. UHR is a simple and easily available prognostic indicator independent of traditional risk factors.
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Huang Z, Hu Y, Chen B, Liang Y, Li D, Qiu W, Zhang J, Chen C. Clinical significance of intrarenal vascular lesions in non-hypertensive patients with IgA nephropathy. J Nephrol 2023; 36:429-440. [PMID: 36538201 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of intrarenal vascular lesions has not been elucidated in primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN), especially in non-hypertensive subjects. METHODS From January 2003 to December 2020, data of 3435 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN were reviewed. Two hundred-forty non-hypertensive patients who met the criteria for IgAN and had intrarenal vascular lesions (IgAN-vas) were selected. The control cohort was constructed with 1:1 matched cases of non-hypertensive IgAN patients without vascular lesions according to age, gender, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and follow-up time. RESULTS The IgAN-vas cohort had significantly higher serum uric acid levels than the control IgAN cohort (P < 0.05); glomerulosclerosis was more common in IgAN-vas patients. Moreover, cluster analysis indicated that the serum uric acid level was associated with serum creatinine (s-Cr) levels in IgAN-vas while it was associated with serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in control cases with IgAN. Both Kaplan-Meier analysis and generalized linear mixed-effects models revealed that the prognosis of the IgAN-vas cohort was significantly worse than that of the IgAN cohort after > 5 years of follow-up. Intimal thickening was an independent risk factor associated with reaching the endpoint (eGFR decrease ≥ 30% from the baseline or reaching end-stage renal disease [ESRD] or death). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of non-hypertensive patients with IgAN-vas was worse than that of matched individuals with IgAN. The clinicopathologic manifestation of IgAN-vas was more severe, and included a higher proportion of glomerulosclerosis, and a higher serum uric acid level correlated with renal function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaosheng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Chronic Kidney Disease, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Kotozaki Y, Satoh M, Nasu T, Tanno K, Tanaka F, Sasaki M. Human Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity in Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from a Population-Based Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030754. [PMID: 36979733 PMCID: PMC10045414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and its products contribute to the development of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Excessive XOR activity is believed to promote inflammatory responses and atherosclerotic plaque formation, which are major cardiovascular risk factors. The mechanisms of XOR activity in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), coupled with the complexity of the relationship between XOR activity and the biological effects of uric acid; reactive oxygen species; and nitric oxide, which are the major products of XOR activity, have long been debated, but have not yet been clearly elucidated. Recently, a system for measuring highly sensitive XOR activity in human plasma was established, and there has been progress in the research on the mechanisms of XOR activity. In addition, there are accumulating findings about the relationship between XOR activity and CVD. In this narrative review, we summarize existing knowledge regarding plasma XOR activity and its relationship with CVD and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kotozaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Takahito Nasu
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Information Analysis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kozo Tanno
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Tanaka
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
- Division of Ultrahigh field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, 1-1-1, Idaidori, Yahaba 028-3694, Iwate, Japan
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12
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Li Y, Yang S, Jin X, Li D, Lu J, Wang X, Wu M. Mitochondria as novel mediators linking gut microbiota to atherosclerosis that is ameliorated by herbal medicine: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1082817. [PMID: 36733506 PMCID: PMC9886688 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1082817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is characterized by endothelial damage, lipid deposition, and chronic inflammation. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AS by regulating host metabolism and immunity. As human mitochondria evolved from primordial bacteria have homologous characteristics, they are attacked by microbial pathogens as target organelles, thus contributing to energy metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria may be a key mediator of intestinal microbiota disorders and AS aggravation. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, and bile acids, also affect mitochondrial function, including mtDNA mutation, oxidative stress, and mitophagy, promoting low-grade inflammation. This further damages cellular homeostasis and the balance of innate immunity, aggravating AS. Herbal medicines and their monomers can effectively ameliorate the intestinal flora and their metabolites, improve mitochondrial function, and inhibit atherosclerotic plaques. This review focuses on the interaction between gut microbiota and mitochondria in AS and explores a therapeutic strategy for restoring mitochondrial function and intestinal microbiota disorders using herbal medicines, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Min Wu,
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Dong M, Chen H, Wen S, Yuan Y, Yang L, Xu D, Zhou L. The Mechanism of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Reducing Uric Acid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:437-445. [PMID: 36820272 PMCID: PMC9938669 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s399343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is a common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as insulin resistance (IR) or hyperinsulinemia is associated with higher serum uric acid (SUA) levels due to decreased uric acid (UA) secretion, and SUA vice versa is an important risk factor that promotes the occurrence and progression of T2DM and its complications. Growing evidence suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i), a novel anti-diabetic drug initially developed to treat T2DM, may exert favorable effects in reducing SUA. Currently, one of the possible mechanisms is that SGLT2i increases urinary glucose excretion, probably inhibiting glucose transport 9 (GLUT9)-mediated uric acid reabsorption in the collecting duct, resulting in increased uric acid excretion in exchange for glucose reabsorption. Regardless of this possible mechanism, the underlying comprehensive mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Therefore, in the present review, a variety of other potential mechanisms will be covered to identify the therapeutic role of SGLT-2i in hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Dong
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ligang Zhou, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613611927616, Email
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14
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Cheng Y, Zhang H, Zheng H, Yin H, Wang Y, Wang H, Gu L, Yin D. Association between serum uric acid/HDL-cholesterol ratio and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study based on a health check-up population. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066243. [PMID: 36581406 PMCID: PMC9806076 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that both serum uric acid (SUA) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The SUA-to-HDL-C ratio (UHR) has recently attracted attention as a new biomarker to evaluate the role between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances. Thus, we explored the association between UHR and CKD in a large Chinese population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Annual health check-up population in Nanjing. PARTICIPANTS 19 458 individuals who underwent an annual health check-up in 2019 were included in our study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE CKD was diagnosed according to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. RESULTS Correlation analysis showed that UHR was negatively associated with eGFR after adjusting for confounding factors (r=-0.34). In addition, participants in the highest quartile of UHR had a higher risk of CKD than those in the lowest quartiles (OR=9.28, p<0.001). CONCLUSION We found that high UHR values were positively associated with CKD risk in health check-up population. An increased UHR may be a useful measure by which to assess CKD risk in the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Center for Health Management, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Center for Health Management, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Center for Health Management, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Center for Health Management, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Health Management, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Liubao Gu
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghua Yin
- Center for Health Management, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
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15
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Uric Acid to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio is a Novel Marker to Predict Functionally Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis. J Interv Cardiol 2022; 2022:9057832. [PMID: 36311279 PMCID: PMC9584719 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9057832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermediate coronary stenosis (ICS) is defined as a visually estimated percentage of diameter stenosis ranging between 40% and 70% by conventional coronary angiography (CAG). Whether to perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for these lesions is a challenge in clinical practice. The fractional flow reserve (FFR) can guide treatment by determining the functional significance of ICS. Studies have shown that some clinical indicators can be used to predict FFR. However, there is little research on this in the Chinese population. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 690 patients who underwent FFR measurements to determine the functional significance of a single ICS. Patients were divided into 2 groups: FFR ≤0.8 (n = 280) and FFR >0.8 (n = 410). We compared the clinical factors between the two groups and performed multivariate logistic regression analyses to explore the risk factors. In addition, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for FFR ≤0.8 diagnoses. Results The mean UHR (uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) level was significantly higher in the FFR ≤0.8 group (p < 0.001). UHR corrects negatively with FFR (r = −0.44, p < 0.001). High-level UHR was an independent risk factor for the FFR ≤0.8 (OR = 7.17, 95% CI 4.17–12.34). The area under the curve (AUC) of the UHR diagnostic capacity for the FFR ≤0.8 is 0.77, with 77.3% sensitivity and 68.2% specificity. Conclusion UHR levels were significantly increased in patients with hemodynamically significant coronary lesions. UHR is a novel predictor of functionally significant lesions in patients with a single-vessel disease of ICS.
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16
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Tang J, Liu K, Eshak ES, Cui R, Sakaniwa R, Imano H, Dong JY, Iso H. Association between Serum Uric Acid and Impaired Endothelial Function: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:1534-1546. [PMID: 34853212 PMCID: PMC9529376 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Higher serum uric acid (UA) may impair endothelial function. However, population-based evidence examining the association between serum UA levels and endothelial function remains to be limited. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate this in the general population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 1000 participants (496 males and 504 females), aged 30-79 years, free from a history of gout, have undergone both serum UA and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurements. Participants were divided into four groups based on serum UA quartiles. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for low FMD according to the serum UA levels. RESULTS In total, 203 participants (138 males and 65 females) with %FMD ≤ 5.0% were identified to have endothelial dysfunction. The multivariable OR of low FMD for highest quartiles vs. lowest quartiles was 2.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-4.34), while OR per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.04-1.56). The positive association was noted to be more evident in females (OR per 1-SD increment: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.08-1.96) than in males and confined to individuals not using antihypertensive medications. The ORs per 1-SD increment were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.68-1.50) among individuals using antihypertensive medications and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.12-1.81) among individuals not using antihypertensive medications. CONCLUSION Higher serum UA was positively associated with the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in samples of the general Japanese population and that positive association was confined to individuals not using antihypertensive medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tang
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okanami General Hospital, Mie, Japan
| | - Ryoto Sakaniwa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jia-Yi Dong
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Jiang X, Wu Q, Opoku YK, Zou Y, Wang D, Hu C, Ren G. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Attenuates the Progression of Hyperuricemic Nephropathy through Inhibiting Inflammation, Fibrosis and Oxidative stress. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:474-486. [PMID: 36126111 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been reported in patients with hyperuricemia. However, the effect of FGF21 in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of action of FGF21 on HN. HN model was induced with adenine and potassium oxysalt in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and FGF21-/- mice. For in vitro studies, human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were exposed to uric acid with/without FGF21 or β-Klotho-siRNA. Here, we reported aggravated renal dysfunction and structural damage in the FGF21-/- mice compared to the wild-type mice. These were evident in the upsurge of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18, fibrotic markers Collagen I and α-SMA, and oxidation products ROS and MDA. However, exogenous administration of FGF21 to wild-type HN mice significantly reversed these negative effects. In terms of mechanism, FGF21 significantly inhibited NF-κB/NLRP3 and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the silencing of β-Klotho was marked by the attenuation of the improved effect of FGF21 on cell damage. In conclusion, our studies revealed that exogenous FGF21 treatment significantly improved HN, which was achieved by the inhibition of inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Jiang
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China.,Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Yimeng Zou
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Changhui Hu
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Function Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
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18
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Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
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Şanlı BA, Whittaker KJ, Motsi GK, Shen E, Julian TH, Cooper-Knock J. Unbiased metabolome screen links serum urate to risk of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:167-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Polito L, Bortolotti M, Battelli MG, Bolognesi A. Chronic kidney disease: Which role for xanthine oxidoreductase activity and products? Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106407. [PMID: 35995347 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present review explores the role of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Human XOR is a multi-level regulated enzyme, which has many physiological functions, but that is also implicated in several pathological processes. The main XOR activities are the purine catabolism, which generates uric acid, and the regulation of cell redox state and cell signaling, through the production of reactive oxygen species. XOR dysregulation may lead to hyperuricemia and oxidative stress, which could have a pathogenic role in the initial phases of CKD, by promoting cell injury, hypertension, chronic inflammation and metabolic derangements. Hypertension is common in CKD patients and many mechanisms inducing it (upregulation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis) may be influenced by XOR products. High XOR activity and hyperuricemia are also risk factors for obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome that are frequent CKD causes. Moreover, CKD is common in patients with gout, which is characterized by hyperuricemia, and in patients with cardiovascular diseases, which are associated with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Although hyperuricemia is undoubtedly related to CKD, controversial findings have been hitherto reported in patients treated with urate-lowering therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Polito
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bortolotti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Battelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bolognesi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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21
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Mehmood A, Althobaiti F, Zhao L, Usman M, Chen X, Alharthi F, Soliman MM, Shah AA, Murtaza MA, Nadeem M, Ranjha MMAN, Wang C. Anti-inflammatory potential of stevia residue extract against uric acid-associated renal injury in mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14286. [PMID: 35929489 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal uric acid level result in the development of hyperuricemia and hallmark of various diseases, including renal injury, gout, cardiovascular disorders, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. This study was designed to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of stevia residue extract (STR) against hyperuricemia-associated renal injury in mice. The results revealed that STR at dosages of 150 and 300 mg/kg bw and allopurinol markedly modulated serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in hyperuricemic mice. Serum and renal cytokine levels (IL-18, IL-6, IL-1Β, and TNF-α) were also restored by STR treatments. Furthermore, mRNA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis revealed that STR ameliorates UA (uric acid)-associated renal inflammation, fibrosis, and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) via MMPS (matrix metalloproteinases), inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 activation by the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway and modulating the JAK2-STAT3 and Nrf2 signaling pathways. In summary, the present study provided experimental evidence that STR is an ideal candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia-mediated renal inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The higher uric acid results in hyperuricemia and gout. The available options for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout are the use of allopurinol, and colchicine drugs, etc. These drugs possess several undesirable side effect. The polyphenolic compounds are abundantly present in plants, for example, stevia residue extract (STR) exert a positive effect on human health. From this study results, we can recommend that polyphenolic compounds enrich STR could be applied to develop treatment options for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Riphah International University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fahad Alharthi
- Biological Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Abbas Shah
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Chemical Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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22
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Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Niemi MS, Aljowaie RM, Almutairi SM, Alexiou A, Batiha GES. The Prospective Effect of Allopurinol on the Oxidative Stress Index and Endothelial Dysfunction in Covid-19. Inflammation 2022; 45:1651-1667. [PMID: 35199285 PMCID: PMC8865950 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 by the direct cytopathic effect or indirectly through the propagation of pro-inflammatory cytokines could cause endothelial dysfunction (ED) and oxidative stress (OS). It has been reported that OS is triggered by various types of viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Into the bargain, allopurinol is regarded as a potent antioxidant that acts through inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO), which is an essential enzyme of purine metabolism. Herein, the present study aimed to find the potential protective effects of allopurinol on the biomarkers of OS and ED in patients with severe Covid-19. This single-center cohort study recruited 39 patients with mild-moderate Covid-19 compared with 41 patients with severe Covid-19. Nineteen patients with severe Covid-19 were on the allopurinol treatment because of underlying chronic gout 3 years ago compared with 22 Covid-19 patients not on this treatment. The recruited patients were allocated into three groups: group I, mild-moderate Covid-19 on the standard therapy (n = 39); group II, severe Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy only (n = 22); and group III, severe Covid-19 patients on the standard therapy plus allopurinol (n = 19). The duration of the study was 3 weeks from the time of hospitalization till the time of recovery. In addition, inflammatory biomarkers (D-dimer, LDH, ferritin, CRP, procalcitonin), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), endothelin-1 (ET-1), uric acid and oxidative stress index (OSI), CT scan score, and clinical score were evaluated at the time of admission and discharge regarding the effect of allopurinol treatment adds to the standard treatment of Covid-19. Allopurinol plus standard treatment reduced LDH, ferritin, CRP, procalcitonin, and ET-1 serum level significantly (P < 0.05) compared with Covid-19 patients on standard treatment. Besides, neutrophil (%), lymphocyte (%), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were reduced in patients with severe Covid-19 on standard treatment plus allopurinol compared with Covid-19 patients on standard treatment alone (P < 0.01). OSI was higher in patients with severe Covid-19 than mild-moderate Covid-19 patients (P = 0.00001) at admission. At the time of discharge, the oxidative status of Covid-19 patients was significantly improved compared with that at admission (P = 0.01). In conclusion, Covid-19 severity is linked with high OS and inflammatory reaction with ED development. High uric acid in patients with severe Covid-19 is correlated with high OS and inflammatory biomarkers. Allopurinol with standard treatment in patients with severe Covid-19 reduced oxidative and inflammatory disorders with significant amelioration of ED and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL mustansiriyia University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, AL mustansiriyia University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Marwa S. Al-Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al-Farahidi University, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Reem M. Aljowaie
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med Austria, Wien, Austria
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, 22511 Egypt
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23
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Azarova I, Klyosova E, Polonikov A. Association between RAC1 gene variation, redox homeostasis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13792. [PMID: 35416295 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the relationship between genes encoding a multi-subunit ROS-generated enzyme NADPH oxidase and disease susceptibility remains unexplored. AIMS The present pilot study investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at the RAC1 gene (Rac family small GTPase 1), a molecular switcher of NADPH oxidase, are associated with the risk of T2D, glucose metabolism and redox homeostasis. MATERIALS & METHODS DNA samples from 3206 unrelated Russian subjects (1579 T2D patients and 1627 controls) were genotyped for six common SNPs rs4724800, rs7784465, rs10951982, rs10238136, rs836478 and rs9374 of RAC1 using the MassArray-4 system. RESULTS SNP rs7784465 was associated with an increased risk of T2D (p = .0003), and significant differences in the RAC1 haplotypes occurred between the cases and controls (p = .005). Seventeen combinations of RAC1 genotypes showed significant associations with T2D risk (FDR <0.05). Associations of RAC1 polymorphisms with T2D were modified by environmental factors such as sedentary lifestyle, psychological stresses, a dietary deficit of fresh fruits/vegetables and increased carbohydrate intake. RAC1 polymorphisms were associated with biochemical parameters in diabetics: rs7784465 (p = .015) and rs836478 (p = .028) with increased glycated haemoglobin, rs836478 (p = .005) with increased fasting blood glucose, oxidized glutathione (p = .012) and uric acid (p = .034). Haplotype rs4724800A-rs7784465C-rs10951982G-rs10238136A-rs836478C-rs9374G was strongly associated with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (p < .0001). CONCLUSION Thus, polymorphisms in the RAC1 gene represent novel genetic markers of type 2 diabetes, and their link with glucose metabolism and disease pathogenesis is associated with the changes in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation
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24
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He S, Xiong Q, Li L, Lin X, Zhao J, Guo X, He Y, Liang W, Ying C, Zuo X. Increased risk of modality failure with higher serum uric acid level in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: a prospective cohort study. Ren Fail 2022; 44:272-281. [PMID: 35172675 PMCID: PMC8856069 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2035762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the most important kidney replacement therapies for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). PD technique failure can lead to an escalated cost and increased infectious and cardiovascular risk, up and including to death. The accumulation of uric acid (UA) was associated with adverse outcomes in ESKD patients. However, the relationship between serum UA and technique failure is little explored. METHODS Here, a total of 266 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients (age, 41.8 ± 12.6 years; 125 males) were enrolled and followed up for 31.7 months. Serum UA levels were examined at baseline and each visit. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their baseline serum UA concentrations. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD technique failure. RESULTS The level of serum UA increased gradually as time prolonged. During the follow-up period, 77 (28.9%) patients occurred PD technique failure, of which 56 (21.1%) transferred to hemodialysis (HD) and 21 (7.9%) died. Compared to the lowest UA tertile, after adjusting for potential confounders, HRs of technique failure in tertile 2 and tertile 3 were 1.82 (95% CI: 0.95-3.49) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.05-3.92), respectively, and p for trend was 0.043. Adjusted HRs of all-cause technique failure, transferring to HD and mortality with each 1 mg/dL increase in serum UA were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.03-1.40, p = 0.019), 1.22 (95% CI: 1.01-1.48, p = 0.039), and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.94-1.67, p = 0.128), respectively. CONCLUSION Higher serum UA level predicted higher risk of technique failure in CAPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing He
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuechun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqin He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wangqun Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenjiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhi Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Terasawa M, Hiramoto K, Uchida R, Suzuki K. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Orally Administered Monostroma nitidum Rhamnan Sulfate against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Damage to Mouse Organs and Vascular Endothelium. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020121. [PMID: 35200650 PMCID: PMC8875490 DOI: 10.3390/md20020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that rhamnan sulfate (RS) purified from Monostroma nitidum significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Here, we analyzed the effect of orally administered RS on LPS-induced damage to mouse organs and vascular endothelium. RS (1 mg) was orally administered daily to BALB/c mice, 50 μg of LPS was intraperitoneally administered on day 8, and Evans blue was injected into the tail vein 6 h later. After 30 min, LPS-treated mice showed pulmonary Evans blue leakage and elevated plasma levels of liver damage markers, whereas this reaction was suppressed in LPS + RS-treated mice. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of mouse organs 24 h after LPS treatment showed significant neutrophil infiltration into the lung, liver, and jejunum tissues of LPS-treated mice and high expression levels of inflammation-related factors in these tissues. Expression levels of these factors were significantly suppressed in LPS + RS-treated mice. Analysis of lung glycocalyx showed a significant reduction in glycocalyx in LPS-treated mice but not in LPS + RS-treated mice. Levels of syndecan-4, one of the glycocalyx components, decreased in LPS-treated mice and increased in LPS + RS-treated mice. The current results suggest that orally administered RS protects organs and vascular endothelium from LPS-induced inflammation and maintains blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Terasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho 3500-3, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan; (M.T.); (K.H.); (R.U.)
- Konan Chemical Manufacturing, Co., Ltd., 1515 Kitagomizuka, Yokkaichi 510-0103, Mie, Japan
| | - Keiichi Hiramoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho 3500-3, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan; (M.T.); (K.H.); (R.U.)
| | - Ryota Uchida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho 3500-3, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan; (M.T.); (K.H.); (R.U.)
- Konan Chemical Manufacturing, Co., Ltd., 1515 Kitagomizuka, Yokkaichi 510-0103, Mie, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Minamitamagaki-cho 3500-3, Suzuka 513-8670, Mie, Japan; (M.T.); (K.H.); (R.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-340-0597
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26
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Li Y, Zhao L, Qi W. Uric acid, as a double-edged sword, affects the activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating aging process. Bioengineered 2022; 13:3877-3895. [PMID: 35152831 PMCID: PMC8974203 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2027172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is the main metabolite of the human body. Although UA is only a product of metabolism, it is important biological regulator. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has important biological functions. However, so far, the effect of UA on EGF’s activity has not been revealed. For this, in the current study, we systematically studied the effect of OA on the biological activity of EGF. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were used as an in vitro model, and Western-blot, RT-PCR, laser scanning confocal microscopy (CLSM) and co-localization analyses were carried out. The results showed that high concentration of UA (10 mg/dl) severely affected the biological activity of EGF. High concentration of UA suppressed the activity of EGF, and inhibited the biological effect of EGF on the HUVECs. However, it is interesting that EGF-mediated intracellular signaling was significantly down-regulated in the H2O2-induced senescent HUVEC, and physiological concentration of UA could at least partially restore the EGF-mediated signaling. Further work showed that physiological concentration of UA (5 mg/dl) shows the anti-aging effect. Taken together, current research indicates that UA may be a ‘double-edged sword’, physiological concentration of UA may be beneficial, but high concentrations of uric acid (UA) are harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Linru Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wufang Qi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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27
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Li J, Kong T, Zhang S, Yang S, Wu C, Cui B, Fu L, Hui R, Zhang W. Genetic risk of hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients associated with antihypertensive drug therapy: a longitudinal study. Clin Genet 2022; 101:411-420. [PMID: 35023146 PMCID: PMC9306909 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum uric acid (UA) level has been shown to be influenced by multiple genetic variants, but it remains uncertain how UA‐associated variants differ in their influence on hyperuricemia risk in people taking antihypertensive drugs. We examined a total of 43 UA‐related variants at 29 genes in 1840 patients with hypertension from a community‐based longitudinal cohort during a median 2.25‐year follow‐up (including 1031 participants with normal UA, 440 prevalent hyperuricemia at baseline, and 369 new‐onset hyperuricemia). Compared with the wild‐type genotypes, patients carrying the SLC2A9 rs3775948G allele or the rs13129697G allele had decreased risk of hyperuricemia, while patients carrying the SLC2A9 rs11722228T allele had increased risk of hyperuricemia, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and correction for multiple comparisons; moreover, these associations were modified by the use of diuretics, β‐blockers, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The rs10821905A allele of A1CF gene was associated with increased risk of hyperuricemia, and this risk was enhanced by diuretics use. The studied variants were not observed to confer risk for incident cardiovascular events during the follow‐up. In conclusion, the genes SLC2A9 and A1CF may serve as potential genetic markers for hyperuricemia risk in relation to antihypertensive drugs therapy in Chinese hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunjin Wu
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fu
- Benxi Railway Hospital, Benxi, China
| | - Rutai Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ma W, Gao S, Huang S, Yuan J, Yu M. Hyperuricemia as a prognostic marker for long-term outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:107. [PMID: 34930343 PMCID: PMC8686602 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperuricemia (HUA) has been proved as a predictor of worse outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of HUA in a distinct population with myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Methods A total of 1179 MINOCA patients were enrolled and divided into HUA and non-HUA groups. HUA was defined as a serum uric acid level ≥ 420 μmol/L in men or ≥ 357 μmol/L in women. The primary study endpoint was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression, and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed. Results Patients with HUA (prevalence of 23.5%) had a significantly higher incidence of MACE (18.7% vs. 12.8%; p = 0.015) than patients without during the median follow-up of 41.7 months. HUA was closely associated with an increased risk of MACE even after multivariable adjustment (hazard ratio 1.498, 95% confidence interval: 1.080 to 2.077; p = 0.016). HUA remained a robust risk factor of MACE after propensity score matching analysis. Moreover, HUA showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.59 for predicting MACE. Incorporation of HUA to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) score yielded a significant improvement in discrimination for MACE. Conclusions HUA was independently associated with poor prognosis after MINOCA. Routine assessment of HUA may facilitate risk stratification in this specific population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00636-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Side Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Bei Li Shi Rd 167, Beijing, 100037, PR China
| | - Sizhuang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Bei Li Shi Rd 167, Beijing, 100037, PR China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Bei Li Shi Rd 167, Beijing, 100037, PR China.
| | - Mengyue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Bei Li Shi Rd 167, Beijing, 100037, PR China.
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Sasaki KI, Fukumoto Y. Sarcopenia as a comorbidity of cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol 2021; 79:596-604. [PMID: 34906433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the lowered skeletal muscle mass, weakened skeletal muscle strength, and reduced physical performance with aging, is a component of frailty and high-risk factor for falls, resulting in an increase in mortality. In cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, overactivation of ubiquitin-proteasome system, endothelial dysfunction, lowering muscle blood flow, impaired glucose tolerance, hormonal changes, and physical inactivity possibly contribute to CVD-related sarcopenia. Prevalence of sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia, which is osteopenia and sarcopenia coexisting together, seems to be higher in CVD patients than in community-dwelling adults, suggesting the necessity of early diagnosis and prevention of CVD-related sarcopenia. Atrial stiffness, coronary artery calcification score, and serum vitamin D levels may be of help as the biomarkers to suspect sarcopenia, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors may play a role in the medical prevention and treatment of CVD-related sarcopenia. There are few reports to convince the efficacies of dietary and antioxidant supplementation on sarcopenia at present, whereas aerobic and resistance training exercises have been recognized as an effective strategy to prevent and treat sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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30
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Dang W, Xu X, Luo D, Luo H, Hu J, Zhou J, Liu J, You L. Analysis of Risk Factors for Changes in the Renal Two-Dimensional Image in Gout Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6367-6378. [PMID: 34675606 PMCID: PMC8502035 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s336220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of different blood uric acid levels in gout patients on the two-dimensional image of the kidney and the risk factors for gout-related kidney damage for providing clinical evidence to enable early prevention and treatment of gout-related kidney damage. METHODS We obtained information of 227 patients with primary gout and estimated the association between two-dimensional kidney images and clinical indicators using binary logistic regression. RESULTS Our study showed that different uric acid levels, age, disease course, cystatin C (CysC) level, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level were correlated with echo of the renal medulla (P < 0.05). CysC level was correlated with the renal cortex thickness and kidney stones in different uric acid-level groups (P < 0.05). Disease course, aspartate transaminase (AST) level, creatinine (CREA) level, and tophi were risk factors for renal cortex thinning in gout patients (P = 0.045, 0.026, 0.004, 0.006, respectively). The disease course, platelet (PLT) count, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level were risk factors for kidney stone formation in gout patients (P = 0.037, 0.022, 0.023, respectively), while CysC level and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were risk factors for increased renal medulla echo in these patients (P = 0.022, 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study revealed disease course, AST level, CREA level, tophi, PLT count, HDL-C level, CysC level and CRP level may be important predictors of renal image changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantai Dang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danling Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingguo Zhou
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lanlan You
- Department of Ultrasound, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, People’s Republic of China
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He S, Xiong Q, Tian C, Li L, Zhao J, Lin X, Guo X, He Y, Liang W, Zuo X, Ying C. Inulin-type prebiotics reduce serum uric acid levels via gut microbiota modulation: a randomized, controlled crossover trial in peritoneal dialysis patients. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:665-677. [PMID: 34491388 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased levels of uric acid (UA), which is mainly excreted through the kidneys, are independently associated with higher mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The uricolysis of gut microbiota plays an important role in extrarenal excretion of UA. This study aimed to examine the effect of inulin-type prebiotics (a type of fermentable dietary fiber) on intestinal microbiota modulation and serum UA levels in ESRD patients. METHODS Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients were recruited to a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of 12-week inulin-type prebiotics. Participants were visited before and after treatment with prebiotics or placebo. Serum UA levels, dietary purine intake, serum xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, daily "renal excretion" of UA, and fecal UA degradation capability were measured at each visit. Fecal metagenomic analysis was conducted to assess microbial composition and function. RESULTS Sixteen participants (mean age = 37 y; 10 men and 6 women) completed the trial, and 64 specimens were analyzed. The average concentration of serum UA decreased by approximately 10% in the prebiotic intervention group in comparison to the placebo group (p = 0.047) without an increase in daily "renal excretion" of UA via urine and dialysate. There were no significant changes in purine intake or activity of XO. Notably, enhanced fecal UA degradation was observed after prebiotic intervention (p = 0.041), and the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, which was positively associated with fecal UA degradation, increased in the prebiotic period (p = 0.032). Furthermore, prebiotics enriched purine-degrading species in the gut microbiota, including unclassified_o_Clostridiales, Clostridium sp. CAG:7, Clostridium sp. FS41, Clostridium citroniae, Anaerostipes caccae, and Clostridium botulinum. CONCLUSIONS Inulin-type prebiotics is a promising therapeutic candidate to reduce serum UA levels in renal failure patients, and this urate-lowering effect could possibly be attributed to intestinal microbial degradation of UA. TRIAL REGISTRY This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry ( http://www.chictr.org.cn/ ), registration ID: ChiCTR-INR-17013739, registration date: 6th Dec 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Tian
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xuechun Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqin He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wangqun Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuezhi Zuo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Chenjiang Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Yu H, Wang Z, Li Z, An Y, Yan M, Ji S, Xu M, Wang L, Dong W, Shi J, Gao C. Hyperuricemia enhances procoagulant activity of vascular endothelial cells through TMEM16F regulated phosphatidylserine exposure and microparticle release. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21808. [PMID: 34390515 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The link between serum uric acid (SUA) and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is well established. Recent data suggested a causative role of UA in endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanism of high UA on thrombogenesis is unknown. We investigate whether high UA induce phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and microparticle (MP) shedding in cultured EC, and contribute to UA-induced hypercoagulable state. In the present study, we demonstrate that UA induces PS exposure and EMP release of EC in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which enhances the procoagulant activity (PCA) of EC and inhibited over 90% by lactadherin in vitro. Furthermore, hyperuricemic rat model was used to evaluate the development of thrombi following by flow stasis in the inferior vena cava (IVC). Hyperuricemia group is more likely to form large and hard thrombi compared with control. Importantly, we found that TMEM16F expression is significantly upregulated in UA-treated EC, which is crucial for UA-induced PS exposure and MP formation. Additionally, UA increases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in EC, which might contribute to increased TMEM16F expression. Using confocal microscopy, we also observed disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that depolymerization of actin filaments might be required for TMEM16F activation and followed by PS exposure and membrane blebbing in UA-treated EC. Our results demonstrate a thrombotic role of EC in hyperuricemia through TMEM16F-mediated PS exposure and MPs release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Yu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Zhanni Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yao An
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Meishan Yan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Shuting Ji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Minghui Xu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Weijun Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Fifth Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, China
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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Liu J, Xu J, Huang J, Gu C, Liu Q, Zhang W, Gao F, Tian Y, Miao X, Zhu Z, Jia B, Tian Y, Wu L, Zhao H, Feng X, Liu S. TRIM27 contributes to glomerular endothelial cell injury in lupus nephritis by mediating the FoxO1 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2021; 101:983-997. [PMID: 33854173 PMCID: PMC8044289 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) belongs to the triple motif (TRIM) protein family, which plays a role in a variety of biological activities. Our previous study showed that the TRIM27 protein was highly expressed in the glomerular endothelial cells of patients suffering from lupus nephritis (LN). However, whether TRIM27 is involved in the injury of glomerular endothelial cells in lupus nephritis remains to be clarified. Here, we detected the expression of the TRIM27 protein in glomerular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the influence of TRIM27 knockdown on endothelial cell damage in MRL/lpr mice and cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) was explored. The results revealed that the expression of TRIM27 in endothelial cells was significantly enhanced in vivo and in vitro. Downregulating the expression of TRIM27 inhibited the breakdown of the glycocalyx and the injury of endothelial cells via the FoxO1 pathway. Moreover, HRGECs transfected with the WT-FoxO1 plasmid showed a reduction in impairment caused by LN plasma. Furthermore, suppression of the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway could attenuate damage by mediating the expression of TRIM27. Thus, the present study showed that TRIM27 participated in the injury of glomerular endothelial cells and served as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Liu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cunyang Gu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingjuan Liu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuexin Tian
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinyan Miao
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zixuan Zhu
- Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baiyun Jia
- Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lunbi Wu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Department of Pathology; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University; Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Agnoletti D, Cicero AFG, Borghi C. The Impact of Uric Acid and Hyperuricemia on Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. Cardiol Clin 2021; 39:365-376. [PMID: 34247750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The description of gout dates back almost 5000 years, and scientific interest in uric acid increased when it was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of gout. Since then, many basic and clinical studies have assessed the implications of uric acid for the oxidative system, inflammation, and cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Uric acid-lowering therapy failed to improve clinical hard outcomes in asymptomatic hyperuricemia, and it is retained in symptomatic hyperuricemia. Dietary and lifestyle modifications are critical to manage hyperuricemia. More studies are warranted to investigate the role of uric acid-lowering drugs on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Agnoletti
- Internal Medicine Department, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Hospital, Viale Luigi Rizzardi 4, Negrar di Valpolicella (VR) 37024, Italy
| | - Arrigo F G Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna 40138, Italy.
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Kashfi K, Ghasemi A. Hyperuricemia-induced endothelial insulin resistance: the nitric oxide connection. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:83-98. [PMID: 34313822 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02606-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, defined as elevated serum concentrations of uric acid (UA) above 416 µmol L-1, is related to the development of cardiometabolic disorders, probably via induction of endothelial dysfunction. Hyperuricemia causes endothelial dysfunction via induction of cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, it's interfering with insulin signaling and decreased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) availability, resulting in the development of endothelial insulin resistance, which seems to be a major underlying mechanism for hyperuricemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Here, we elaborate on how hyperuricemia induces endothelial insulin resistance through the disruption of insulin-stimulated endothelial NO synthesis. High UA concentrations decrease insulin-induced NO synthesis within the endothelial cells by interfering with insulin signaling at either the receptor or post-receptor levels (i.e., proximal and distal steps). At the proximal post-receptor level, UA impairs the function of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) in the insulin signaling pathway. At the distal level, high UA concentrations impair endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-NO system by decreasing eNOS expression and activity as well as by direct inactivation of NO. Clinically, UA-induced endothelial insulin resistance is translated into impaired endothelial function, impaired NO-dependent vasodilation, and the development of systemic insulin resistance. UA-lowering drugs may improve endothelial function in subjects with hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, VelenjakTehran, Iran.
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Xu S, Ilyas I, Little PJ, Li H, Kamato D, Zheng X, Luo S, Li Z, Liu P, Han J, Harding IC, Ebong EE, Cameron SJ, Stewart AG, Weng J. Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases and Beyond: From Mechanism to Pharmacotherapies. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:924-967. [PMID: 34088867 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include dynamic maintenance of vascular tone, angiogenesis, hemostasis, and the provision of an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic interface. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium presents with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation, heightened oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, leukocyte adhesion and hyperpermeability, and endothelial cell senescence. Recent studies have implicated altered endothelial cell metabolism and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition as new features of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as a hallmark of many diverse human panvascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes. Endothelial dysfunction has also been implicated in severe coronavirus disease 2019. Many clinically used pharmacotherapies, ranging from traditional lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensive drugs, and antidiabetic drugs to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors and interleukin 1β monoclonal antibodies, counter endothelial dysfunction as part of their clinical benefits. The regulation of endothelial dysfunction by noncoding RNAs has provided novel insights into these newly described regulators of endothelial dysfunction, thus yielding potential new therapeutic approaches. Altogether, a better understanding of the versatile (dys)functions of endothelial cells will not only deepen our comprehension of human diseases but also accelerate effective therapeutic drug discovery. In this review, we provide a timely overview of the multiple layers of endothelial function, describe the consequences and mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction, and identify pathways to effective targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endothelium was initially considered to be a semipermeable biomechanical barrier and gatekeeper of vascular health. In recent decades, a deepened understanding of the biological functions of the endothelium has led to its recognition as a ubiquitous tissue regulating vascular tone, cell behavior, innate immunity, cell-cell interactions, and cell metabolism in the vessel wall. Endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark of cardiovascular, metabolic, and emerging infectious diseases. Pharmacotherapies targeting endothelial dysfunction have potential for treatment of cardiovascular and many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Peter J Little
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Danielle Kamato
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Ian C Harding
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Eno E Ebong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.X., I.I., X.Z., S.L., J.W.); Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Australia (P.J.L.); School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia (P.J.L., D.K.); Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); The Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (H.L.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangzhou, China (Z.L., P.L.); College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (J.H.); Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (I.C.H., E.E.E.); Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (E.E.E.); Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York (E.E.E.); Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio (S.J.C.); and ARC Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (A.G.S.)
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SGLT2is and Renal Protection: From Biological Mechanisms to Real-World Clinical Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094441. [PMID: 33922865 PMCID: PMC8122991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, following the publication of results from several RCTs, first on cardiovascular and more recently on renal outcomes, SGLT2is have become the standard of care to prevent diabetic kidney disease and slow its progression. This narrative review focuses on biological mechanisms, both renal and extrarenal, underlying kidney protection with SGLT2is. Furthermore, data from cardiovascular as well as renal outcome trials, mostly conducted in diabetic patients, are presented and discussed to provide an overview of current uses as well as the future therapeutic potential of these drugs.
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Kurajoh M, Fukumoto S, Yoshida S, Akari S, Murase T, Nakamura T, Ishii H, Yoshida H, Nagata Y, Morioka T, Mori K, Imanishi Y, Hirata K, Emoto M. Uric acid shown to contribute to increased oxidative stress level independent of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in MedCity21 health examination registry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7378. [PMID: 33795813 PMCID: PMC8016900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid has both antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties in vitro by scavenging and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This cross-sectional study examined whether uric acid possesses effects on oxidative stress under physiological conditions independent of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is involved in uric acid and ROS production. Serum uric acid level was measured, while plasma XOR activity was determined using our high-sensitive assay in 192 participants (91 males, 101 females) who underwent health examinations and were not taking an antihyperuricemic agent. For antioxidant potential and oxidative stress level, biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and derivative of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) in serum, respectively, were measured. Median uric acid level and plasma XOR activity were 5.6 mg/dL and 26.1 pmol/h/mL, respectively, and BAP and d-ROMs levels were 2112.8 μmol/L and 305.5 Carr U, respectively. Multivariable regression analyses revealed no significant association of serum uric acid level with BAP level, whereas serum uric acid level showed a significant association with d-ROMs level independent of plasma XOR activity (p = 0.045), which was prominent in females (p = 0.036; p for interaction = 0.148). Uric acid might contribute to increased oxidative stress independent of XOR activity by increasing ROS production, without affecting ROS scavenging, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kurajoh
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shio Yoshida
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Seigo Akari
- Department of Research and Development, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayo Murase
- Department of Research and Development, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Research and Development, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruka Ishii
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshida
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Imanishi
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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39
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Detrimental effects of long-term elevated serum uric acid on cognitive function in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6732. [PMID: 33762656 PMCID: PMC7991666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is a powerful antioxidant. However, its elevated levels in association with cardiovascular diseases predispose individuals to cognitive impairment. Uric acid's effects on cognition may be related to its concentration and exposure period. We aimed to explore the effects of long-term elevated serum uric acid on cognitive function and hippocampus. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: NC, M1, M2 and M3 groups. Hyperuricemia was established in rats at week 6 and maintained until week 48 in groups M1, M2 and M3. The rats' spatial learning and memory abilities were assessed by the Morris Water Maze test at weeks 0, 6, 16, 32, and 48. After week 48, we observed pathological changes in right hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, and measured levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and β-amyloid peptide of left hippocampus. Starting from week 6, the serum uric acid level of M3 group > M2 group, the serum uric acid level of M2 group > M1 group, and the serum uric acid level of M1 group > NC group. The rats in M3 and M2 groups had longer escape latencies, longer mean distances to the platform, more extensive pathological damage, stronger inflammation response, higher oxidative stress and β-amyloid peptide levels than those in NC group. No significant differences were observed between M1 and NC groups. In addition, we also found that oxidative stress significantly correlated with tumour necrosis factor-α and β-amyloid peptide. Long-term elevated serum uric acid was significantly associated with cognitive impairment risk. Oxidative stress, tumour necrosis factor-α and β-amyloid peptide may mediate the pathogenesis of the cognitive impairment induced by uric acid. The detrimental effect of elevated serum uric acid on cognitive function was probably expressed when the serum uric acid concentration reached a certain level.
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40
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Peng H, Wang X, Du J, Cui Q, Huang Y, Jin H. Metabolic Reprogramming of Vascular Endothelial Cells: Basic Research and Clinical Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626047. [PMID: 33681205 PMCID: PMC7930387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) build a barrier separating the blood from the vascular wall. The vascular endothelium is the largest endocrine organ, and is well-known for its crucial role in the regulation of vascular function. The initial response to endothelial cell injury can lead to the activation of VECs. However, excessive activation leads to metabolic pathway disruption, VEC dysfunction, and angiogenesis. The pathways related to VEC metabolic reprogramming recently have been considered as key modulators of VEC function in processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, and barrier maintenance. In this review, we focus on the changes of VEC metabolism under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Centre for Non-coding RNA Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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41
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Huang Q, Zhang F, Chen S, Dong Z, Liu W, Zhou X. Clinical characteristics in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24643. [PMID: 33578588 PMCID: PMC10545414 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a coronary artery disease in which coronary angiography shows no obvious stenosis, but there is a delay in blood flow perfusion. The etiopathogenic mechanisms of CSFP are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of clinical characteristics in patients with CSFP, and to provide a reference for exploring the potential mechanisms of CSFP. Patients with angiographically normal epicardial arteries were enrolled (145 patients with CSFP and 145 normal controls). Collected clinical information and laboratory indexes, which measured by peripheral venous blood samples before coronary angiography. Logistic regression analysis was performed for statistical analysis. The present study found 19 clinical and laboratory indexes with statistical differences between the two groups in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that monocyte count, haemoglobin, serum creatinine and globulin were independent predictors of CSFP. Moreover, the monocyte count, haemoglobin, creatinine and globulin levels were significantly higher in the CSFP patients than the controls, with positive associations between these parameters and the extent of CSFP. In addition, ROC analysis showed the diagnostic value of the above indexes for CSFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Zhaoying Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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42
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Liu R, Peng Y, Wu H, Diao X, Ye H, Huang X, Yi C, Mao H, Huang F, Yu X, Yang X. Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predicts cardiovascular mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:561-569. [PMID: 33223397 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serum uric acid (UA) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) disorders are both considered as risk factors of cardiovascular mortality. The predictive value of UA to HDL-C ratio (UHR) has been validated in diabetes. However, association of UHR with cardiovascular (CV) mortality is undetermined in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 1953 eligible incident patients who commenced PD treatment on our hospital from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015, and followed up until December 31, 2019. Of the participants, 14.9% were older than 65 years (mean age 47.3 ± 15.2 years), 24.6% were diabetics, and 59.4% were male. Patients were categorized into quartiles according to baseline UHR level. Multivariate Cox Proportional Regression analysis was applied to explore the association of UHR with mortality. Overall, 567 patients died during a median follow-up period of 61.3 months, of which 274 (48.3%) were attributed to CV death. The mean baseline UHR was 16.4 ± 6.7%. Compared to quartile 2 UHR, hazard ratios (HRs) for the highest quartile UHR were 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.78; P = 0.017) and 1.46 (95% CI 1.00-2.12; P = 0.047) for all-cause and CV mortality, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that association of UHR with CV mortality was remarkable among PD patients with age ≥65 years, malnutrition (albumin <35 g/L), diabetes, and CVD history. CONCLUSIONS An elevated UHR predicted increased risk of all-cause and CV mortality in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiangwen Diao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongjian Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fengxian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chen L, Luo Z, Wang M, Cheng J, Li F, Lu H, He Q, You Y, Zhou X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Zhou L. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Lowering Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578318. [PMID: 33568990 PMCID: PMC7868570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicines are widely used to lower serum uric acid levels. However, no systemic review summarizes and evaluates their efficacies and the underlying mechanisms of action. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and experimental evidences for the effectiveness and the potential mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels. Methods. Four electronic databases PubMed, Wed of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were used to search for Chinese herbal medicines for their effects in lowering serum uric acid levels, dated from 1 January 2009 to 19 August 2020. For clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; and for experimental studies, original articles were included. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed according to the Cochrane criteria. For clinical trials, a meta-analysis of continuous variables was used to obtain pooled effects. For experimental studies, lists were used to summarize and integrate the mechanisms involved. Results. A total of 10 clinical trials and 184 experimental studies were included. Current data showed that Chinese herbal medicines have promising clinical efficacies in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (SMD: −1.65, 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.22; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid levels between Chinese herbal medicine treatments and Western medicine treatments (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.99 to 0.74; p = 0.772). Experimental studies revealed that the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in the serum uric acid lowering effects include uric acid synthesis, uric acid transport, inflammation, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions. The clinical studies indicate that Chinese herbal medicines lower serum uric acid levels. Further studies with sophisticated research design can further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels and reveal a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Luo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Lv Q, Xu D, Ma J, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhao P, Ma L, Li Z, Yang W, Liu X, Yang G, Xing S. Uric acid drives intestinal barrier dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:127-137. [PMID: 33074353 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intestinal epithelial dysfunction is the foundation of various intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, while the effects and mechanism of uric acid on the intestinal barrier are little known. TSPO has been shown to be related to the generation of ROS and is involved in regulating inflammation, whether uric acid drives intestinal epithelial dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is unknown. METHODS UOX gene knockout mouse (UOX-/-) were used for models of hyperuricemia. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran was used to assess in vivo intestinal permeability. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and culture supernatants IL-1β were measured using ELISA Kit. IEC-6 exposed to different concentrations of uric acid was used for in vitro experiment. Protein content and mRNA were assessed using Western blotting and Q-PCR, respectively. Intracellular ROS was determined using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected on an immunofluorescence. Small interfering RNA transfection was used to assess the interaction between translocator protein (TSPO) and NLRP3 inflammasome. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was used as ROS scavenger. RESULTS Our results showed that hyperuricemia mice were characteristic by increased intestinal permeability. Hyperuricemia upregulated TSPO, increased production of ROS and activated NLRP3 inflammasome, which resulted in lower expression of occludin and claudin-1. In vitro, we showed that soluble uric acid alone increased the expression of TSPO, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS release and activated NLRP3 inflammasome, which further reduced the expression of occludin and claudin-1. Silencing TSPO suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased expression of claudin-1 and occludin, which was accompanied by lower levels of ROS. Scavenging ROS also significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation without change of TSPO, indicating that TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation was dependent on ROS. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, uric acid drives intestinal barrier dysfunction through TSPO-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Lv
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxing Xu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ma
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Yang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanpin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture of Chinese Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Xing
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 167, Wutai Mountain Road, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, King's College London, BHF Centre, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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45
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Yamaoka-Tojo M. Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249712. [PMID: 33352699 PMCID: PMC7766512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which is spreading around the world and threatening people, is easily infecting a large number of people through airborne droplets; moreover, patients with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are more likely to experience severe conditions. Vascular endothelial dysfunction has been suggested as a common feature of high-risk patients prone to severe COVID-19, and measurement of vascular endothelial function may be recommended for predicting severe conditions in high-risk patients with COVID-19. However, fragmented vascular endothelial glycocalyx (VEGLX) is elevated in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that it may be useful as a prognostic indicator. Although the relationship between VEGLX and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections has not been well studied, some investigations into COVID-19 have clarified the relationship between VEGLX and the mechanism that leads to severe conditions. Clarifying the usefulness of VEGLX assessment as a predictive indicator of the development of severe complications is important as a strategy for confronting pandemics caused by new viruses with a high affinity for the vascular endothelium that may recur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Rehabilitation/Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-42-778-8111; Fax: +81-42-778-9696
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
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Russo E, Drovandi S, Salvidio G, Verzola D, Esposito P, Garibotto G, Viazzi F. Increased serum uric acid levels are associated to renal arteriolopathy and predict poor outcome in IgA nephropathy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2343-2350. [PMID: 32912790 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). In addition to classical progression factors, other atherosclerosis-related factors, including hyperuricemia (HU), have been associated to the renal progression of IgAN. Increased serum uric acid (SUA) levels are well known to be concomitant of cardiovascular and kidney diseases, and have been proposed to be implicated in the development of arteriolar damage (AD). The aim of the present study was to explore the correlation between SUA levels, renal damage and its implication for outcome in IgAN patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical, laboratory and histologic data of 145 patients with biopsy proven IgAN were collected and retrospectively analyzed to determine the correlation between SUA levels, renal damage and the primary outcome (death or ESRD). Biopsy-proven AD was defined by the presence of arteriolar hyalinosis and/or intimal thickening. HU, defined as the highest SUA gender-specific tertile, was >7.7 mg/dl for males and >6.2 mg/dl for females. The prevalence of AD increased with the increase in the SUA level tertiles (p = 0.02). At logistic regression analysis SUA was independently related to the presence of AD (OR 1.75 [95%CI 1.10-2.93], p = 0.03). HU and AD had a synergic impact on progression of IgAN. Patients having both AD and HU, showed a reduced survival free from the primary outcome as compared to those having only one risk factor or neither (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS SUA levels are independently associated with AD and poor prognosis in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Russo
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Drovandi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Salvidio
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Verzola
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Viazzi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino and University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa, Italy.
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47
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Balakumar P, Alqahtani A, Khan NA, Mahadevan N, Dhanaraj SA. Mechanistic insights into hyperuricemia-associated renal abnormalities with special emphasis on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition: Pathologic implications and putative pharmacologic targets. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Yamaoka-Tojo M. Endothelial glycocalyx damage as a systemic inflammatory microvascular endotheliopathy in COVID-19. Biomed J 2020; 43:399-413. [PMID: 33032965 PMCID: PMC7443638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis patients, vascular endothelial dysfunction is commonly observed alongside damage of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx, an extracellular matrix bound to and encapsulating the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel wall. Although atherosclerotic risk factors have been reported in severe patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the exact mechanisms are unclear. The mortality associated with the COVID-19 outbreak is increased by comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiovascular disease. Besides, older individuals and smokers have significantly worse outcomes. Interestingly, these comorbidities and risk factors are consistent with the pathophysiology that causes vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage. Moreover, vascular glycocalyx dysfunction causes microvascular leakage, which results in interstitial pulmonary abnormal shadows (multiple patchy shadows with a ground glass inter-pneumonic appearance). This is frequently followed by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), closely related to coagulo-fibrinolytic changes contributing to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, as well as inducing activation of the coagulation cascade, leading to thromboembolism and multiple organ failure. Notably, SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, binds to ACE2, which is abundantly present not only in human epithelia of the lung and the small intestine, but also in vascular endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. Moreover, COVID-19 can induce severe septic shock, and sepsis can easily lead to systemic degradation of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx. In the current review, we propose new concepts and therapeutic goals for COVID-19-related vascular endothelial glycocalyx damage, based on previous vascular endothelial medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Yamaoka-Tojo
- Department of Rehabilitation/Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan.
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49
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Research Advances in the Mechanisms of Hyperuricemia-Induced Renal Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5817348. [PMID: 32685502 PMCID: PMC7336201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5817348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans, and its excessive accumulation leads to hyperuricemia and urate crystal deposition in tissues including joints and kidneys. Hyperuricemia is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although the symptoms of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury have long been known, the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the research advances in the mechanisms of hyperuricemia-caused renal injury, primarily on oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the progress in hyperuricemia management.
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50
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Omizo H, Tamura Y, Morimoto C, Ueno M, Hayama Y, Kuribayashi-Okuma E, Uchida S, Shibata S. Cardio-renal protective effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in the 5/6 nephrectomy model with hyperuricemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9326. [PMID: 32518351 PMCID: PMC7283314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hyperuricemia has been shown to be associated with the progression of cardiovascular disorder and chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is conflicting evidence as to whether xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors confer organ protection besides lowering serum urate levels. In this study, we addressed the cardio-renal effects of XO inhibition in rodent CKD model with hyperuricemia. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy and received a uricase inhibitor oxonic acid for 8 weeks (RK + HUA rats). In some rats, a XO inhibitor febuxostat was administered orally. Compared with control group, RK + HUA group showed a significant increase in albuminuria and renal injury. Febuxostat reduced serum uric acid as well as urinary albumin levels. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the kidney revealed that febuxostat alleviated glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and arteriolar injury in RK + HUA rats. Moreover, in the heart, RK + HUA showed individual myofiber hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, which was significantly attenuated by febuxostat. We found that renal injury and the indices of cardiac changes were well correlated, confirming the cardio-renal interaction in this model. Finally, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the downstream target heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels were increased both in the heart and in the kidney in RK + HUA rats, and these changes were alleviated by febuxostat, suggesting that tissue oxidative stress burden was attenuated by the treatment. These data demonstrate that febuxostat protects against cardiac and renal injury in RK + HUA rats, and underscore the pathological importance of XO in the cardio-renal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Omizo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yoshifuru Tamura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Chikayuki Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuto Hayama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Emiko Kuribayashi-Okuma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Department of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, 2-51-4 Higashi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8445, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
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