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Chen IC, Chang CL, Huang IW, Chang MH, Ko LW. Electrophysiological functional connectivity and complexity reflecting cognitive processing speed heterogeneity in young children with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2024; 340:116100. [PMID: 39121760 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Early intervention is imperative for young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who manifest heterogeneous neurocognitive deficits. The study investigated the functional connectivity and complexity of brain activity among young children with ADHD exhibiting a fast cognitive processing speed (ADHD-F, n = 26), with ADHD exhibiting a slow cognitive processing speed (ADHD-S, n = 17), and typically developing children (n = 35) using wireless electroencephalography (EEG) during rest and task conditions. During rest, compared with the typically developing group, the ADHD-F group displayed lower long-range intra-hemispheric connectivity, while the ADHD-S group had lower frontal beta inter-hemispheric connectivity. During task performance, the ADHD-S group displayed lower frontal beta inter-hemispheric connectivity than the typically developing group. The ADHD-S group had lower frontal inter-hemispheric connectivity in broader frequency bands than the ADHD-F group, indicating ADHD heterogeneity in mental processing speed. Regarding complexity, the ADHD-S group tended to show lower frontal entropy estimators than the typically developing group during the task condition. These findings suggest that the EEG profile of brain connectivity and complexity can aid the early clinical diagnosis of ADHD, support subgrouping young children with ADHD based on cognitive processing speed heterogeneity, and may contain specific novel neural biomarkers for early intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Early Childhood Education and Care, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; International Ph.D. Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | - I-Wen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Han Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Wei Ko
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Science and Environment Biology, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Wang Y, Ma L, Wang J, Liu N, Men W, Tan S, Gao JH, Qin S, He Y, Dong Q, Tao S. Association of emotional and behavioral problems with the development of the substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and red nucleus volumes and asymmetries from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal cohort study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:117. [PMID: 38403656 PMCID: PMC10894865 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The substantia nigra (SN), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and red nucleus (RN) have been widely studied as important biomarkers of degenerative diseases. However, how they develop in childhood and adolescence and are affected by emotional behavior has not been studied thus far. This population-based longitudinal cohort study used data from a representative sample followed two to five times. Emotional and behavioral problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Linear mixed models were used to map developmental trajectories and behavioral regulation. Using an innovative automated image segmentation technique, we quantified the volumes and asymmetries of the SN, STN and RN with 1226 MRI scans of a large longitudinal sample of 667 subjects aged 6-15 years and mapped their developmental trajectories. The results showed that the absolute and relative volumes of the bilateral SN and right STN showed linear increases, while the absolute volume of the right RN and relative volume of the bilateral RN decreased linearly, these effects were not affected by gender. Hyperactivity/inattention weakened the increase in SN volume and reduced the absolute volume of the STN, conduct problems impeded the RN volume from decreasing, and emotional symptoms changed the direction of SN lateralization. This longitudinal cohort study mapped the developmental trajectories of SN, STN, and RN volumes and asymmetries from childhood to adolescence, and found the association of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, and hyperactivity/inattention with these trajectories, providing guidance for preventing and intervening in cognitive and emotional behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ningyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Qian Q, Cai S, Zhang X, Huang J, Chen Y, Wang A, Zhang M. Seeing is believing: Larger Colavita effect in school-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 238:105798. [PMID: 37844345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to visually relevant compensatory activities and cognitive strategies in children. Previous studies have identified difficulties with audiovisual integration in children with ADHD, but the characteristics of the visual dominance effect when processing multisensory stimuli are not clear in children with ADHD. The current study used the Colavita paradigm to explore the visual dominance effect in school-aged children with ADHD. The results found that, compared with typically developing children, children with ADHD had a higher proportion of "visual-auditory" trials and a lower proportion of "simultaneous" trials. The study also found that the proportion of visual-auditory trials in children with ADHD decreased as their Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham-IV rating scale (SNAP-IV) inattention scores increased. The results showed that school-aged children with ADHD had a larger Colavita effect, which decreased with the severity of inattentive symptoms. This may be due to an overreliance on visual information and an abnormal integration time window. The connection between multisensory cognitive processing performance and clinical symptoms found in the current study provides empirical and theoretical support for the knowledge base of multisensory and cognitive abilities in disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Qian
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shizhong Cai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215003, China.
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Department of Psychology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215011, China; Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Gustafsson P, Kjell K, Cundari M, Larsson M, Edbladh J, Madison G, Kazakova O, Rasmussen A. The ability to maintain rhythm is predictive of ADHD diagnosis and profile. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:920. [PMID: 38066477 PMCID: PMC10704849 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder in the world. Currently, the diagnosis is based mainly on interviews, resulting in uncertainties in the clinical assessment. While some neuropsychological tests are used, their specificity and selectivity are low, and more reliable biomarkers are desirable. Previous research indicates that ADHD is associated with morphological changes in the cerebellum, which is essential for motor ability and timing. Here, we compared 29 children diagnosed with ADHD to 96 age-matched controls on prism adaptation, eyeblink conditioning, and timed motor performance in a finger tapping task. Prism adaptation and timing precision in the finger tapping task, but not performance on eyeblink conditioning, differed between the ADHD and control groups, as well as between children with and without Deficits in Attention, Motor control, and Perception (DAMP) - a more severe form of ADHD. The results suggest finger tapping can be used as a cheap, objective, and unbiased biomarker to complement current diagnostic procedures.
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Grants
- 20180704, 20200729, 20220796, 20230655 Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- 20180704, 20200729, 20220796, 20230655 Crafoordska Stiftelsen
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 2018, 2019, 2020 Anna-Lisa Rosenberg Stiftelse
- 20230153 Sten K Johnsons stiftelse
- 20230153 Sten K Johnsons stiftelse
- 2020-01468 Vetenskapsrådet,Sweden
- 2022-04-25 Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund
- 2019-2246 Thorsten och Elsa Segerfalks Stiftelse
- M18-0070 & M19-0375, M20-0008 Åke Wiberg Stiftelse
- 2018-00366 & 2019-00516 Fredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelse
- 2020-03788 Magnus Bergvalls Stiftelse
- Lund University
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Affiliation(s)
- Peik Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Kjell
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maurizio Cundari
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Unit of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
- Unit of Neurology, Hospital of Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Larsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Guy Madison
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmussen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Hsieh TH, Shaw FZ, Kung CC, Liang SF. Seed correlation analysis based on brain region activation for ADHD diagnosis in a large-scale resting state data set. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1082722. [PMID: 37767136 PMCID: PMC10520784 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1082722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial pathogenesis, which is often accompanied by dysfunction in several brain functional connectivity. Resting-state functional MRI have been used in ADHD, and they have been proposed as a possible biomarker of diagnosis information. This study's primary aim was to offer an effective seed-correlation analysis procedure to investigate the possible biomarker within resting state brain networks as diagnosis information. Method Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of 149 childhood ADHD were analyzed. In this study, we proposed a two-step hierarchical analysis method to extract functional connectivity features and evaluation by linear classifiers and random sampling validation. Result The data-driven method-ReHo provides four brain regions (mPFC, temporal pole, motor area, and putamen) with regional homogeneity differences as second-level seeds for analyzing functional connectivity differences between distant brain regions. The procedure reduces the difficulty of seed selection (location, shape, and size) in estimations of brain interconnections, improving the search for an effective seed; The features proposed in our study achieved a success rate of 83.24% in identifying ADHD patients through random sampling (saving 25% as the test set, while the remaining data was the training set) validation (using a simple linear classifier), surpassing the use of traditional seeds. Conclusion This preliminary study examines the feasibility of diagnosing ADHD by analyzing the resting-state fMRI data from the ADHD-200 NYU dataset. The data-driven model provides a precise way to find reliable seeds. Data-driven models offer precise methods for finding reliable seeds and are feasible across different datasets. Moreover, this phenomenon may reveal that using a data-driven approach to build a model specific to a single data set may be better than combining several data and creating a general model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hao Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Kung
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Information, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lohani DC, Rana B. ADHD diagnosis using structural brain MRI and personal characteristic data with machine learning framework. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 334:111689. [PMID: 37536046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
An essential yet challenging task is an automatic diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without manual intervention. The present study emphasises utilizing structural MRI and personal characteristic (PC) data for developing an automated diagnostic system for ADHD classification. Here, an age-balanced dataset of 316 ADHD and 316 Typically Developing Children (TDC) was prepared from the publicly available dataset. We extracted volumetric features from gray matter (GM) volumes from brain regions defined by Automated Anatomical Labelling (AAL3) atlas and cortical thickness-based (CT) features using the Destrieux atlas. A set of salient features were selected independently using minimum redundancy and maximum relevance (mRMR) and ensemble feature selection (EFS) methods. Decision models were trained using five well-known classifiers: K-nearest neighbours, logistic regression, linear Support Vector Machine (SVM), radial-based SVM (RBSVM), and Random Forest. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated using accuracy, recall, and specificity with ten runs of a ten-fold cross-validation scheme. We run seven experiments by considering different combinations of features. The maximum classification accuracy of 75% was obtained with CT and PC features with RBSVM and SVM with the EFS. An increase in GM volume in fifteen brain regions and loss of cortical thickness in twenty-seven brain regions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharti Rana
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Huang W, Fateh AA, Zhao Y, Zeng H, Yang B, Fang D, Zhang L, Meng X, Hassan M, Wen F. Effects of the SNAP-25 Mnll variant on hippocampal functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1219189. [PMID: 37635807 PMCID: PMC10447972 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1219189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most widespread and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorders affecting children worldwide. Although synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) is a possible gene hypothesized to be associated with working memory deficits in ADHD, little is known about its specific impact on the hippocampus. The goal of the current study was to determine how variations in ADHD's SNAP-25 Mnll polymorphism (rs3746544) affect hippocampal functional connectivity (FC). Methods A total of 88 boys between the ages of 7 and 10 years were recruited for the study, including 60 patients with ADHD and 28 healthy controls (HCs). Data from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical information were acquired and assessed. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the SNAP-25 gene were genotyped, according to which the study's findings separated ADHD patients into two groups: TT homozygotes (TT = 35) and G-allele carriers (TG = 25). Results Based on the rs-fMRI data, the FC of the right hippocampus and left frontal gyrus was evaluated using group-based comparisons. The corresponding sensitivities and specificities were assessed. Following comparisons between the patient groups, different hippocampal FCs were identified. When compared to TT patients, children with TG had a lower FC between the right precuneus and the right hippocampus, and a higher FC between the right hippocampus and the left middle frontal gyrus. Conclusion The fundamental neurological pathways connecting the SNAP-25 Mnll polymorphism with ADHD via the FC of the hippocampus were newly revealed in this study. As a result, the hippocampal FC may further serve as an imaging biomarker for ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Huang
- Department of Pediatric China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Healthy Care Center, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ahmed Ameen Fateh
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Healthy Care Center, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diangang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Healthy Care Center, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianlei Meng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Chen H, Yang Y, Odisho D, Wu S, Yi C, Oliver BG. Can biomarkers be used to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1026616. [PMID: 36970271 PMCID: PMC10030688 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1026616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is solely based on behavioral tests prescribed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). However, biomarkers can be more objective and accurate for diagnosis and evaluating treatment efficacy. Thus, this review aimed to identify potential biomarkers for ADHD. Search terms “ADHD,” and “biomarker” combined with one of “protein,” “blood/serum,” “gene,” and “neuro” were used to identify human and animal studies in PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science. Only papers in English were included. Potential biomarkers were categorized into radiographic, molecular, physiologic, or histologic markers. The radiographic analysis can identify specific activity changes in several brain regions in individuals with ADHD. Several molecular biomarkers in peripheral blood cells and some physiologic biomarkers were found in a small number of participants. There were no published histologic biomarkers for ADHD. Overall, most associations between ADHD and potential biomarkers were properly controlled. In conclusion, a series of biomarkers in the literature are promising as objective parameters to more accurately diagnose ADHD, especially in those with comorbidities that prevent the use of DSM-5. However, more research is needed to confirm the reliability of the biomarkers in larger cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diana Odisho
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Siqi Wu
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chenju Yi,
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia
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Genomic patterns linked to gray matter alterations underlying working memory deficits in adults and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:50. [PMID: 36774336 PMCID: PMC9922257 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, with onset in childhood and a considerable likelihood to persist into adulthood. Our previous work has identified that across adults and adolescents with ADHD, gray matter volume (GMV) alteration in the frontal cortex was consistently associated with working memory underperformance, and GMV alteration in the cerebellum was associated with inattention. Recent knowledge regarding ADHD genetic risk loci makes it feasible to investigate genomic factors underlying these persistent GMV alterations, potentially illuminating the pathology of ADHD persistence. Based on this, we applied a sparsity-constrained multivariate data fusion approach, sparse parallel independent component analysis, to GMV variations in the frontal and cerebellum regions and candidate risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data from 341 unrelated adult participants, including 167 individuals with ADHD, 47 unaffected siblings, and 127 healthy controls. We identified one SNP component significantly associated with one GMV component in superior/middle frontal regions and replicated this association in 317 adolescents from ADHD families. The association was stronger in individuals with ADHD than in controls, and stronger in adults and older adolescents than in younger ones. The SNP component highlights 93 SNPs in long non-coding RNAs mainly in chromosome 5 and 21 protein-coding genes that are significantly enriched in human neuron cells. Eighteen identified SNPs have regulation effects on gene expression, transcript expression, isoform percentage, or methylation level in frontal regions. Identified genes highlight MEF2C, CADM2, and CADPS2, which are relevant for modulating neuronal substrates underlying high-level cognition in ADHD, and their causality effects on ADHD persistence await further investigations. Overall, through a multivariate analysis, we have revealed a genomic pattern underpinning the frontal gray matter variation related to working memory deficit in ADHD.
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McCracken HS, Murphy B, Ambalavanar U, Zabihhosseinian M, Yielder PC. Sensorimotor integration and motor learning during a novel visuomotor tracing task in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:247-261. [PMID: 36448686 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00173.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that has noted alterations to motor performance and coordination, potentially affecting learning processes and the acquisition of motor skills. This work will provide insight into the role of altered neural processing and sensorimotor integration (SMI) while learning a novel visuomotor task in young adults with ADHD. This work compared adults with ADHD (n = 12) to neurotypical controls (n = 16), using a novel visuomotor tracing task, where participants used their right-thumb to trace a sinusoidal waveform that varied in both frequency and amplitude. This learning paradigm was completed in pre, acquisition, and post blocks, where participants additionally returned and completed a retention and transfer test 24 h later. Right median nerve short latency somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were collected pre and post motor acquisition. Performance accuracy and variability improved at post and retention measures for both groups for both normalized (P < 0.001) and absolute (P < 0.001) performance scores. N18 SEP: increased in the ADHD group post motor learning and decreased in controls (P < 0.05). N20 SEP: increased in both groups post motor learning (P < 0.01). P25: increased in both groups post motor learning (P < 0.001). N24: increased for both groups at post measures (P < 0.05). N30: decreased in the ADHD group and increased in controls (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that there may be differences in cortico-cerebellar and prefrontal processing in response to novel visuomotor tasks in those with ADHD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alterations to somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were present in young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), when compared with neurotypical controls. The N18 and N30 SEP peak had differential changes between groups, suggesting alterations to olivary-cerebellar-M1 processing and SMI in those with ADHD when acquiring a novel visuomotor tracing task. This suggests that short-latency SEPs may be a useful biomarker in the assessment of differential responses to motor acquisition in those with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S McCracken
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernadette Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ushani Ambalavanar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Paul C Yielder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
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Gray matter volumetric correlates of attention deficit and hyperactivity traits in emerging adolescents. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11367. [PMID: 35790754 PMCID: PMC9256746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated reduction in cortical and subcortical, including basal ganglia (BG), gray matter volumes (GMV) in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental condition that is more prevalent in males than in females. However, the volumetric deficits vary across studies. Whether volumetric reductions are more significant in males than females; to what extent these neural markers are heritable and relate to cognitive dysfunction in ADHD remain unclear. To address these questions, we followed published routines and performed voxel-based morphometry analysis of a data set (n = 11,502; 5,464 girls, 9–10 years) curated from the Adolescent Brain Cognition Development project, a population-based study of typically developing children. Of the sample, 634 and 2,826 were identified as monozygotic twins and dizygotic twins/siblings, respectively. In linear regressions, a cluster in the hypothalamus showed larger GMV, and bilateral caudate and putamen, lateral orbitofrontal and occipital cortex showed smaller GMVs, in correlation with higher ADHD scores in girls and boys combined. When examined separately, boys relative to girls showed more widespread (including BG) and stronger associations between GMV deficits and ADHD scores. ADHD traits and the volumetric correlates demonstrated heritability estimates (a2) between 0.59 and 0.79, replicating prior findings of the genetic basis of ADHD. Further, ADHD traits and the volumetric correlates (except for the hypothalamus) were each negatively and positively correlated with N-back performance. Together, these findings confirm volumetric deficits in children with more prominent ADHD traits. Highly heritable in both girls and boys and potentially more significant in boys than in girls, the structural deficits underlie diminished capacity in working memory and potentially other cognitive deficits in ADHD.
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12
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Tegelbeckers J, Brechmann A, Breitling-Ziegler C, Bonath B, Flechtner HH, Krauel K. Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Novel Sounds on Task Performance in Children With and Without ADHD. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:878994. [PMID: 35799772 PMCID: PMC9253267 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.878994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Distractibility is one of the key features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has been associated with alterations in the neural orienting and alerting networks. Task-irrelevant stimuli are thus expected to have detrimental effects on the performance of patients with ADHD. However, task-irrelevant presentation of novel sounds seems to have the opposite effect and improve subsequent attentional performance particularly in patients with ADHD. Here, we aimed to understand the neural modulations of the attention networks underlying these improvements. Fifty boys (25 with ADHD) participated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in which unique (novel) or repeatedly presented (familiar) sounds were placed before a visual flanker task in 2/3 of the trials. We found that presenting any sound improved task performance in all participants, but the underlying neural mechanisms differed for the type of sound. Familiar sounds led to a stronger increase in activity in the left posterior insula in patients with ADHD compared to typically developing peers. Novel sounds led to activations of the fronto-temporoparietal ventral attention network, likewise in ADHD and TD. These changes in signaling by novelty in the right inferior frontal gyrus were directly related to improved response speed showing that neural orienting network activity following novel sounds facilitated subsequent attentional performance. This mechanism of behavioral enhancement by short distractions could potentially be useful for cognitive trainings or homework situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Tegelbeckers
- Department of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropsychology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jana Tegelbeckers
| | - André Brechmann
- Combinatorial Neuroimaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Breitling-Ziegler
- Department of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bjoern Bonath
- Department of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Flechtner
- Department of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Krauel
- Department of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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13
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Chen IC, Chang CL, Chang MH, Ko LW. Atypical functional connectivity during rest and task-related dynamic alteration in young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An analysis using the phase-locking value. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:235-245. [PMID: 35235255 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The study investigated the electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity (FC) profiles during rest and tasks of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typical development (TD). METHODS In total, 78 children (aged 5-7 years) were enrolled in this study; 43 of them were diagnosed with ADHD and 35 exhibited TD. Four FC metrics, coherence, phase-locking value (PLV), pairwise phase consistency, and phase lag index, were computed for feature selection to discriminate ADHD from TD. RESULTS The support vector machine classifier trained by phase-locking value (PLV) features yielded the best performance to differentiate the ADHD from the TD group and was used for further analysis. In comparing PLVs with the TD group at rest, the ADHD group exhibited significantly lower values on left intrahemispheric long interelectrode lower-alpha and beta as well as frontal interhemispheric beta frequency bands. However, the ADHD group showed higher values of central interhemispheric PLVs on the theta, higher-alpha, and beta bands. Regarding PLV alterations within resting and task conditions, left intrahemispheric long interelectrode beta PLVs declined from rest to task in the TD group, but the alterations did not differ in the ADHD group. Negative correlations were observed between frontal interhemispheric beta PLVs and the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale as rated by teachers. CONCLUSIONS These results, which complement the findings of other sparse studies that have investigated task-related brain FC dynamics, particularly in young children with ADHD, can provide clinicians with significant and interpretable neural biomarkers for facilitating the diagnosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Chen
- International Ph. D. Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Meng-Han Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Ko
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center and the Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Kurth F, Levitt JG, Gaser C, Alger J, Loo SK, Narr KL, O'Neill J, Luders E. Preliminary evidence for a lower brain age in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1019546. [PMID: 36532197 PMCID: PMC9755736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1019546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a debilitating disorder with apparent roots in abnormal brain development. Here, we quantified the level of individual brain maturation in children with ADHD using structural neuroimaging and a recently developed machine learning algorithm. More specifically, we compared the BrainAGE index between three groups matched for chronological age (mean ± SD: 11.86 ± 3.25 years): 89 children diagnosed with ADHD, 34 asymptomatic siblings of those children with ADHD, and 21 unrelated healthy control children. Brains of children with ADHD were estimated significantly younger (-0.85 years) than brains of healthy controls (Cohen's d = -0.33; p = 0.028, one-tailed), while there were no significant differences between unaffected siblings and healthy controls. In addition, more severe ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with younger appearing brains. Altogether, these results are in line with the proposed delay of individual brain maturation in children with ADHD. However, given the relatively small sample size (N = 144), the findings should be considered preliminary and need to be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer G Levitt
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jeffry Alger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Ahmadi M, Kazemi K, Kuc K, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, Helfroush MS, Aarabi A. Resting state dynamic functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34289458 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac16b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In this study, we investigated group differences in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between 113 children with inattentive (46 ADHDI) and combined (67 ADHDC) ADHD and 76 typically developing (TD) children using resting-state functional MRI data. For dynamic connectivity analysis, the data were first decomposed into 100 independent components, among which 88 were classified into eight well-known resting-state networks (RSNs). Three discrete FC states were then identified using k-means clustering and used to estimate transition probabilities between states in both patient and control groups using a hidden Markov model. Our results showed state-dependent alterations in intra and inter-network connectivity in both ADHD subtypes in comparison with TD. Spending less time than healthy controls in state 1, both ADHDIand ADHDCwere characterized with weaker intra-hemispheric connectivity with functional asymmetries. In this state, ADHDIfurther showed weaker inter-hemispheric connectivity. The patients spent more time in state 2, exhibiting characteristic abnormalities in corticosubcortical and corticocerebellar connectivity. In state 3, a less frequently state observed across the ADHD and TD children, ADHDCwas differentiated from ADHDIby significant alterations in FC between bilateral temporal regions and other brain areas in comparison with TD. Across all three states, several strategic brain regions, mostly bilateral, exhibited significant alterations in both static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC in the ADHD groups compared to TD, including inferior, middle and superior temporal gyri, middle frontal gyri, insula, anterior cingulum cortex, precuneus, calcarine, fusiform, superior motor area, and cerebellum. Our results show distributed abnormalities in sFC and dFC between different large-scale RSNs including cortical and subcortical regions in both ADHD subtypes compared to TD. Our findings show that the dynamic changes in brain FC can better explain the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD such as deficits in visual cognition, attention, memory and emotion processing, and cognitive and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kuc
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ardalan Aarabi
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience and Pathologies (LNFP EA4559), University Research Center (CURS), University Hospital, Amiens, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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16
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Bridges RM, Decker SL. ADHD in University Settings: Predictive Validity of Quantitative EEG Coherence. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 38:323-330. [PMID: 32501946 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Research has demonstrated distinct patterns of electroencephalography (EEG) coherence with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children; however, few studies have examined coherence measures in adults with ADHD. Further, specific research examining EEG coherence within the subgroup of young adults in post-secondary education is absent from the literature. METHODS The current study investigated the utility of quantitative EEG in predicting ADHD behavioral symptoms in 35 college students with a documented ADHD diagnosis and 35 control students. RESULTS Increased interhemispheric frontal beta-wave coherence was found in individuals with ADHD. Logistic regression of principle components of quantitative EEG coherence metrics predicted ADHD group membership. CONCLUSIONS Suggestions for improving ADHD identification in college populations using quantitative EEG are discussed.
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Genetic variations influence brain changes in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:349. [PMID: 34091591 PMCID: PMC8179928 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and neurodevelopmental childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, restlessness, and hyperactivity. These symptoms may continue in 55-66% of cases from childhood into adulthood. Even though the precise etiology of ADHD is not fully understood, it is considered as a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder with several contributing factors such as heritability, auxiliary to neurodevelopmental issues, severe brain injuries, neuroinflammation, consanguineous marriages, premature birth, and exposure to environmental toxins. Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments may help to explore the possible role of genetic variations on ADHD neuropsychobiology. Multiple genetic studies have observed a strong genetic association with various aspects of neuropsychobiological functions, including neural abnormalities and delayed neurodevelopment in ADHD. The advancement in neuroimaging and molecular genomics offers the opportunity to analyze the impact of genetic variations alongside its dysregulated pathways on structural and functional derived brain imaging phenotypes in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including ADHD. Recently, neuroimaging genomic studies observed a significant association of brain imaging phenotypes with genetic susceptibility in ADHD. Integrating the neuroimaging-derived phenotypes with genomics deciphers various neurobiological pathways that can be leveraged for the development of novel clinical biomarkers, new treatment modalities as well as therapeutic interventions for ADHD patients. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of ADHD with particular emphasis on structural and functional changes in the ADHD brain and their interactions with complex genomic variations utilizing imaging genetics methodologies. We also highlight the genetic variants supposedly allied with the development of ADHD and how these, in turn, may affect the brain circuit function and related behaviors. In addition to reviewing imaging genetic studies, we also examine the need for complementary approaches at various levels of biological complexity and emphasize the importance of combining and integrating results to explore biological pathways involved in ADHD disorder. These approaches include animal models, computational biology, bioinformatics analyses, and multimodal imaging genetics studies.
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18
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Lee J, Mayall LA, Bates KE, Hill EL, Leonard HC, Farran EK. The relationship between motor milestone achievement and childhood motor deficits in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 113:103920. [PMID: 33845359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of motor impairment is high in ADHD, but we do not know if this stems from infancy. AIMS 1) to compare the acquisition of motor milestones across three groups: Typically Developing (TD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD); 2) to determine the relationship between current motor ability and ADHD characteristics in children with ADHD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The parents of children aged 8-16 years (ADHD, N = 100; DCD, N = 66; TD, N = 40) completed three online questionnaires: Motor milestone questionnaire; Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) (concurrent motor ability); Conners 3 Parent Rating Scale Long Form (ADHD characteristics). OUTCOME AND RESULTS When considered as a group, the ADHD group achieved motor milestones within a typical timeframe, despite concurrent motor impairments. Motor ability was not associated with ADHD characteristics. Latent Profile Analysis demonstrated that 56 % of the ADHD group and 48 % of the DCD group shared the same profile of motor milestone achievement, concurrent motor ability and ADHD characteristics. OUTCOMES AND CONCLUSIONS Unlike children with DCD, the motor impairment often observed in ADHD is not evident from infancy. It is also not part of the ADHD phenotype. Individual differences analysis demonstrated the broad heterogeneity of the ADHD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Lee
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | | | - Kathryn E Bates
- UCL Institute of Education, Bloomsbury, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
| | - Elisabeth L Hill
- Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London, SE14 6NW, UK.
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Rahi V, Kumar P. Animal models of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:107-124. [PMID: 33428802 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by three primary symptoms hyperactivity, attention deficit, and impulsiveness, observed in both children and adults. In childhood, this disorder is more common in boys than in girls, and at least 75% will continue to suffer from the disorder until adulthood. Individuals with ADHD generally have poor academic, occupational, and social functioning resulting from developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity, as well as impaired ability to maintain attention on motivationally relevant tasks. Very few drugs available in clinical practice altogether abolish the symptoms of ADHD, therefore, to find new drugs and target it is essential to understand the neuropathological, neurochemical, and genetic alterations that lead to the progression of ADHD. With this contrast, an animal study is the best approach because animal models provide relatively fast invasive manipulation, rigorous hypothesis testing, as well as it provides a better angle to understand the pathological mechanisms involved in disease progression. Moreover, animal models, especially for ADHD, serve with good predictive validity would allow the assessment and development of new therapeutic interventions, with this aim, the present review collect the various animal models on a single platform so that the research can select an appropriate model to pursue his study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
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20
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Schulz J, Huber F, Schlack R, Hölling H, Ravens-Sieberer U, Meyer T, Poustka L, Rothenberger A, Wang B, Becker A. The Association between Low Blood Pressure and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Observed in Children/Adolescents Does Not Persist into Young Adulthood. A Population-Based Ten-Year Follow-Up Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041864. [PMID: 33672943 PMCID: PMC7918102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral disorders in childhood and adolescence associated with relevant psychosocial impairments. The basic pathophysiology of ADHD may be related, at least partly, to a deficit in autonomic arousal processes, which not only influence core symptoms of the disorder, but may also lead to blood pressure (BP) deviations due to altered arousal regulation. Objectives: This study examined long-term changes in BP in children and adolescents with ADHD up to young adulthood. Methods: In children and adolescents aged between 7 and 17 years at baseline, we compared BP recordings in subjects with (n = 1219, 11.1%) and without (n = 9741, 88.9%) ADHD over a 10-year follow-up using data from the nationwide German Health Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Propensity score matching was used to improve the comparability between children in the ADHD and control groups with now n = 1.190 in each group. Results: The results of these matched samples revealed that study participants with ADHD showed significantly lower systolic BP (107.6 ± 10.7 mmHg vs. 109.5 ± 10.9 mmHg, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.17) and diastolic BP (64.6 ± 7.5 mmHg vs. 65.8 ± 7.4 mmHg, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.16) at baseline. In a sensitivity analysis with a smaller (n = 272) and more stringently diagnosed ADHD group, the significant differences remained stable with somewhat higher Cohen’s d; i.e., 0.25 and 0.27, respectively. However, these differences did not persist after 10-year follow-up in a smaller matched longitudinal sub-group (ADHD n = 273; control n = 323), as subjects with and without ADHD had similar levels of systolic (123.4 ± 10.65 vs. 123.78 ± 11.1 mmHg, p = 0.675, Cohen’s d = 0.15) and diastolic BP (71.86 ± 6.84 vs. 71.85 ± 7.06 mmHg, p = 0.992, Cohen’s d = 0.16). Conclusions: At baseline, children and adolescents with ADHD had significantly lower BP (of small effect sizes) compared to the non-ADHD group, whereas this difference was no longer detectable at follow-up ten years later. These developmental alterations in BP from adolescence to early adulthood may reflect changes in the state of autonomic arousal, probably modulating the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.H.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Franziska Huber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.H.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Robert Schlack
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Unit Mental Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Heike Hölling
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Unit Mental Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.H.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.H.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Biyao Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.H.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (J.S.); (F.H.); (L.P.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
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Lin HY, Kessler D, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Increased Functional Segregation Related to the Salience Network in Unaffected Siblings of Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:152-165. [PMID: 31778781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although there are frequent reports of shared neurofunctional and neurostructural alterations among probands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their unaffected siblings, there is little knowledge regarding whether abnormalities in the resting-state functional connectivity of ADHD probands is also expressed in unaffected siblings, or whether this unaffected (but at-risk) cohort manifests distinct patterns. METHOD We used a multivariate connectome-wide association study examining intrinsic functional connectivity with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a sample (aged 8-17 years) of medication-naive ADHD probands (n = 56), their unaffected siblings (n = 55), and typically developing (TD) youths (n = 106). RESULTS ADHD probands showed, relative to TD youths, increased connectivity between the default-mode network (DMN) and task-positive networks. Relative to ADHD and TD groups, respectively, unaffected siblings showed increased connectivity within the salience network and reduced connectivity between the DMN and salience network. No shared alterations in functional connectivity among ADHD probands and their unaffected siblings were identified. These findings were largely confirmed by complementary pairwise connectomic comparisons. However, the main connectivity differences between ADHD and unaffected siblings were not replicated in a tightly age- and sex-matched subsample (20 proband-sibling pairs and 60 TD youths). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that increased functional segregation related to the attention networks, especially the salience (ventral attention) system, may be a potential feature of at-risk siblings who remain unaffected by ADHD expression. Further replications are needed in other larger and sex-matched samples. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Structural and Functional Connectivity of Frontostriatal and Frontoparietal Networks as Endophenotypes of ADHD; https://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01682915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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McCracken HS, Murphy BA, Burkitt JJ, Glazebrook CM, Yielder PC. Audiovisual Multisensory Processing in Young Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Multisens Res 2020; 33:599-623. [PMID: 31899870 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-20191472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multisensory integration is a fundamental form of sensory processing that is involved in many everyday tasks. Those with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have characteristic alterations to various brain regions that may influence multisensory processing. The overall aim of this work was to assess how adults with ADHD process audiovisual multisensory stimuli during a complex response time task. The paradigm used was a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task paired with continuous 64-electrode electroencephalography, allowing for the measurement of response time and accuracy to auditory, visual, and audiovisual multisensory conditions. Analysis revealed that those with ADHD ( n = 10) respond faster than neurotypical controls ( n = 12) when presented with auditory, visual, and audiovisual multisensory conditions, while also having race model violation in early response latency quantiles. Adults with ADHD also had more prominent multisensory processing over parietal-occipital brain regions at early post-stimulus latencies, indicating that altered brain structure may have important outcomes for audiovisual multisensory processing. The present study is the first to assess how those with ADHD respond to multisensory conditions during a complex response time task, and demonstrates that adults with ADHD have unique multisensory processing when assessing both behavioral response time measures and neurological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S McCracken
- 1University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Bernadette A Murphy
- 1University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canada
| | - James J Burkitt
- 1University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canada
| | - Cheryl M Glazebrook
- 2University of Manitoba, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, Canada.,3University of Manitoba, Health, Leisure and Human Performance Institute, Canada
| | - Paul C Yielder
- 1University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Canada.,4Deakin University, School of Medicine, Australia
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Drechsler R, Brem S, Brandeis D, Grünblatt E, Berger G, Walitza S. ADHD: Current Concepts and Treatments in Children and Adolescents. Neuropediatrics 2020; 51:315-335. [PMID: 32559806 PMCID: PMC7508636 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most frequent disorders within child and adolescent psychiatry, with a prevalence of over 5%. Nosological systems, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases, editions 10 and 11 (ICD-10/11) continue to define ADHD according to behavioral criteria, based on observation and on informant reports. Despite an overwhelming body of research on ADHD over the last 10 to 20 years, valid neurobiological markers or other objective criteria that may lead to unequivocal diagnostic classification are still lacking. On the contrary, the concept of ADHD seems to have become broader and more heterogeneous. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD are still challenging for clinicians, necessitating increased reliance on their expertise and experience. The first part of this review presents an overview of the current definitions of the disorder (DSM-5, ICD-10/11). Furthermore, it discusses more controversial aspects of the construct of ADHD, including the dimensional versus categorical approach, alternative ADHD constructs, and aspects pertaining to epidemiology and prevalence. The second part focuses on comorbidities, on the difficulty of distinguishing between "primary" and "secondary" ADHD for purposes of differential diagnosis, and on clinical diagnostic procedures. In the third and most prominent part, an overview of current neurobiological concepts of ADHD is given, including neuropsychological and neurophysiological researches and summaries of current neuroimaging and genetic studies. Finally, treatment options are reviewed, including a discussion of multimodal, pharmacological, and nonpharmacological interventions and their evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Drechsler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Spatiotemporal consistency analysis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children. Neurosci Lett 2020; 734:135099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sánchez-Guillén I, Almorín-Fernández-Vigo I, Fernández-Vigo JI, de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño L, Kudsieh B, Fernández-Vigo JA. Assessment of changes in the macula and optic nerve head using optical coherence tomography in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 95:271-278. [PMID: 32423628 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess if there are any differences in macular and papillary thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with a control group, including if there are differences between ADHD patients with and without treatment. METHODS Prospective observational study including 92 eyes of 46 patients divided into 2 groups: 46 eyes of 23 patients with ADHD, and a control group of 46 eyes of 23 healthy patients. The group of patients with ADHD was subdivided into those on treatment with methylphenidate (n=28) and those not on treatment (n=18). The macular thickness, the ganglion cell complex (GCC), and the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) at the papillary level were measured in 12 sectors. RESULTS A lower central macular thickness was observed in the ADHD patients than in the controls (257.4±20μm versus 267.5±20μm, P=.013), with no differences observed in the GCC (P=.566), or in the RNFL (P=.095). There were no differences in the patients with ADHD with and without treatment, as regards macular thickness and the GCC (P=.160 and P=.375 respectively), but a lower foveal thickness (P=.018) and RNFL in 5/12 sectors at the papillary level (P=.033) were observed in those without treatment. CONCLUSIONS A lower macular thickness was observed in patients with ADHD than in controls. In addition, patients with ADHD without treatment had a lower thickness of the fovea and RNFL than those patients on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sánchez-Guillén
- Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Badajoz, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital de Zafra, Zafra, Badajoz, España.
| | | | - J I Fernández-Vigo
- Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, España
| | - L de-Pablo-Gómez-de-Liaño
- Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - B Kudsieh
- Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
| | - J A Fernández-Vigo
- Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Badajoz, España; Centro Internacional de Oftalmología Avanzada, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España
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Jiang W, Duan K, Rootes-Murdy K, Hoekstra PJ, Hartman CA, Oosterlaan J, Heslenfeld D, Franke B, Buitelaar J, Arias-Vasquez A, Liu J, Turner JA. Structural brain alterations and their association with cognitive function and symptoms in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder families. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102273. [PMID: 32387850 PMCID: PMC7210582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gray matter disruptions have been found consistently in Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The organization of these alterations into brain structural networks remains largely unexplored. We investigated 508 participants (281 males) with ADHD (N = 210), their unaffected siblings (N = 108), individuals with subthreshold ADHD (N = 49), and unrelated healthy controls (N = 141) with an age range from 7 to 18 years old from 336 families in the Dutch NeuroIMAGE project. Source based morphometry was used to examine structural brain network alterations and their association with symptoms and cognitive performance. Two networks showed significant reductions in individuals with ADHD compared to unrelated healthy controls after False Discovery Rate correction. Component A, mainly located in bilateral Crus I, showed a ADHD/typically developing difference with subthreshold cases being intermediate between ADHD and typically developing controls. The unaffected siblings were similar to controls. After correcting for IQ and medication status, component A showed a negative correlation with inattention symptoms across the entire sample. Component B included a maximum cluster in the bilateral insula, where unaffected siblings, similar to individuals with ADHD, showed significantly reduced loadings compared to controls; but no relationship with individual symptoms or cognitive measures was found for component B. This multivariate approach suggests that areas reflecting genetic liability within ADHD are partly separate from those areas modulating symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | | | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Heslenfeld
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, TReNDS Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA; Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, USA.
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Luo Y, Halperin JM, Li X. Anatomical substrates of symptom remission and persistence in young adults with childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:117-125. [PMID: 32081497 PMCID: PMC7156333 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that emerges in childhood and persists into adulthood in a sizeable portion of afflicted individuals. The persistence of ADHD symptoms elevates the risk of adverse outcomes that result in substantial individual and societal burden. The objective of this study was to delineate neuroanatomical substrates associated with the diversity of adult outcomes of childhood ADHD, which may have considerable value for development of novel interventions that target mechanisms associated with recovery. Structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging data from 32 young adults who were diagnosed with ADHD combined-type during childhood and 35 group-matched controls were analyzed. Adults with childhood ADHD were divided into 16 remitters and 16 persisters based on DSM-IV criteria. Compared to the controls, ADHD probands showed significantly reduced gray matter (GM) volume in right putamen and white matter (WM) volume in left parieto-insular fiber tracts. Within the ADHD probands, the remitters, as compared to persisters, showed significantly greater volume of right hippocampo-frontal and right parieto-insular WM fiber tracts, and those connecting caudate with the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular cortices. Among ADHD probands, increased fractional anisotropy value of left caudate-parietal tract was significantly correlated with reduced hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. These findings suggest that optimal structural development in the WM tracts that connect caudate with cortical areas, especially in the caudate-parietal path, may play an important role in symptom remission in young adults with childhood ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, United States; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, United States.
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28
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Kozłowska A, Wojtacha P, Równiak M, Kolenkiewicz M, Huang ACW. ADHD pathogenesis in the immune, endocrine and nervous systems of juvenile and maturating SHR and WKY rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2937-2958. [PMID: 30737597 PMCID: PMC6820808 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurobehavioural disorders with morphological and functional brain abnormalities. However, there is a growing body of evidence that abnormalities in the immune and endocrine systems may also account for the ADHD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To test ADHD pathogenesis in neurological, immune and endocrine systems, this study examined the concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, oxidative stress markers, metabolic parameters, steroid hormones and steroidogenic enzymes in the serum and/or tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, animal model of ADHD) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKYs, control animals). Moreover, the volume of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as well as the density of dopamine 2 (D2) receptor-expressing cells and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nerve fibres in it was also elucidated. METHODS Peripheral blood, spleen and adrenal gland samples, as well as brain sections collected on day 35 (juvenile) and day 70 (maturating) from SHRs and WKYs, were processed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS The results show significant increases of serum and/or tissue concentrations of cytokines, chemokines and oxidative stress markers in juvenile SHRs when compared to the age-matched WKYs. These increases were accompanied by a lowered volume of the mPFC and up-regulation of D2 in this brain region. In maturating SHRs, the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were normalised and accompanied by elevated contents of steroid hormones. CONCLUSIONS Significant elevations of serum and/or tissue contents of cytokines, chemokines and oxidative stress markers as well as volumetric and neurochemical alterations in the mPFC of juvenile SHRs may suggest the cooperation of neurological and immune systems in the ADHD pathogenesis. Elevated levels of steroid hormones in maturating SHRs may be a compensatory effect involved in reducing inflammation and ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Av, 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Wojtacha
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej Równiak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kolenkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, School Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warszawska Av, 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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29
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Tang X, Seymour KE, Crocetti D, Miller MI, Mostofsky SH, Rosch KS. Response control correlates of anomalous basal ganglia morphology in boys, but not girls, with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res 2019; 367:117-127. [PMID: 30914308 PMCID: PMC6520987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous basal ganglia morphology may contribute to deficient motor response control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study expands upon recent evidence of sex differences in subcortical morphology and motor response control deficits among children with ADHD to examine basal ganglia volume and shape in relation to motor response control. Participants included 8-12 year-old children with ADHD (n = 52, 21 girls) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 45, 19 girls). High resolution T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE images covering the whole brain were acquired for all participants on a 3 T scanner. Participants performed two computer-based go/no-go tasks that differed in the extent to which working memory was necessary to guide response selection. Shape-based morphometric analyses were performed in addition to traditional volumetric comparisons and correlations with measures of motor response control were examined. Boys with ADHD consistently demonstrated increased commission error rate and response variability, regardless of task demands, suggesting broad response control deficits. In contrast, response control deficits among girls with ADHD varied depending on task demands and performance measures. Volumetric reductions and inward deformation (compression) on the dorsal surface of the globus pallidus and within subregions of the putamen receiving projections from limbic, executive and motor cortices were observed in boys, but not girls, with ADHD relative to TD children. Mediation analyses revealed that putamen and globus pallidus volumes mediated the relationship between diagnosis and commission error rate. Furthermore, reduced volumes of these structures and localized inward deformation within executive and motor circuits correlated with poorer response control, particularly under conditions of increased cognitive load. These findings suggest that anomalous basal ganglia morphology is related to impaired motor response control among boys with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Karen E Seymour
- The Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- The Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael I Miller
- The Center for Imaging Science, the Institute for Computational Medicine, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- The Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keri S Rosch
- The Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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30
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Functional network connectivity changes in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A resting‐state fMRI study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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31
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Scofield JE, Johnson JD, Wood PK, Geary DC. Latent resting-state network dynamics in boys and girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218891. [PMID: 31251765 PMCID: PMC6599393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of subjects with ADHD typically show altered functional connectivity in prefrontal, striatal, and several temporal brain regions. While the majority of studies have focused on connectivity that is averaged over time, we investigated the temporal dynamics of brain network changes in resting-state fMRI. Using the ADHD-200 consortium, we characterized the time course of latent state changes using Hidden Markov Modeling, and compared state changes between boys and girls with ADHD along with typically developing controls. Sex differences were found in latent state switching, with boys dwelling longer in a given state than girls, and concurrently having fewer overall state transitions. These sex differences were found in children with ADHD and in typically developing controls. Children with ADHD were also found to be more variable in terms of state transitions than controls. These findings add to the growing literature on neural sex differences and may be related to the sex difference in focal versus diffuse attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Scofield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Phillip K Wood
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David C Geary
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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32
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Guo J, Luo X, Wang E, Li B, Chang Q, Sun L, Song Y. Abnormal alpha modulation in response to human eye gaze predicts inattention severity in children with ADHD. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 38:100671. [PMID: 31229834 PMCID: PMC6969336 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to the human eye gaze, compared with TD children, ADHD children showed a decreased alpha lateralization. The attenuation of alpha modulation in ADHD children was mainly manifested in the left hemisphere. The left hemisphere alpha modulation predicted higher inattentive severity and lower behavioural accuracy in ADHD children. Classification analysis showed the left alpha modulation has a high capability to recognize ADHD from TD children.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by problems in directing and sustaining attention. Recent behavioral studies indicated that children with ADHD are more likely to fail to show the orienting effect in response to human eye gaze. The present study aimed to identify the neurophysiological bases of attention deficits directed by social human eye gaze in children with ADHD, focusing on the relationship between alpha modulations and ADHD symptoms. The electroencephalography data were recorded from 8–13-year-old children (typically developing (TD): n = 24; ADHD: n = 21) while they performed a cued visuospatial covert attention task. The cues were designed as human eyes that might gaze to the left or right visual field. The results revealed that TD children showed a significant alpha lateralization in response to the gaze of human eyes, whereas children with ADHD showed an inverse pattern of alpha modulation in the left parieto-occipital area. Importantly, the abnormal alpha modulation in the left hemisphere predicted inattentive symptom severity and behavioral accuracy in children with ADHD. These results suggest that the dysfunction of alpha modulation in the left hemisphere in response to social cues might be a potential neurophysiologic marker of attention deficit in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangsheng Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Encong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingkun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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33
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Machlin L, McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA. Brain structure mediates the association between socioeconomic status and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Sci 2019; 23:e12844. [PMID: 31056844 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater risk for symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One mechanism through which SES may confer risk for ADHD is by influencing brain structure. Alterations to cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume have been associated with low SES and with the presence of ADHD across multiple studies. The current study examined whether cortical thickness, surface area or subcortical volume mediate the associations between SES and ADHD in youth 3-21 years old (N = 874) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study. Freesurfer was used to estimate cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Parents reported on demographics, family SES, ADHD diagnoses and the presence of child attention problems. Statistical mediation was assessed using a bootstrap resampling procedure. Controlling for parental ADHD, child age, gender, birth weight and scanner, children in low SES families were more likely to be in the ADHD group. Consistent with previous reports in this sample, low SES was associated with reduced surface area across the frontal lobe and reduced subcortical volume in the amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus and basal ganglia. Of these regions, a significant indirect effect of SES on ADHD status through subcortical volume was observed for the left cerebellum (95% confidence interval: 0.004, 0.022), the right cerebellum (95% confidence interval: 0.006, 0.025), and the right caudate (95% confidence interval: 0.002, 0.022). Environmentally mediated changes in the cerebellum and the caudate may be neurodevelopmental mechanisms explaining elevated risk of ADHD in children in low SES families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machlin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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McCracken HS, Murphy BA, Glazebrook CM, Burkitt JJ, Karellas AM, Yielder PC. Audiovisual Multisensory Integration and Evoked Potentials in Young Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:95. [PMID: 30941026 PMCID: PMC6433696 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess how young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) process audiovisual (AV) multisensory stimuli using behavioral and neurological measures. Adults with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD (n = 10) and neurotypical controls (n = 11) completed a simple response time task, consisting of auditory, visual, and AV multisensory conditions. Continuous 64-electrode electroencephalography (EEG) was collected to assess neurological responses to each condition. The AV multisensory condition resulted in the shortest response times for both populations. Analysis using the race model (Miller, 1982) demonstrated that those with ADHD had violation of the race model earlier in the response, which may be a marker for impulsivity. EEG analysis revealed that both groups had early multisensory integration (MSI) occur following multisensory stimulus onset. There were also significant group differences in event-related potentials (ERPs) in frontal, parietal, and occipital brain regions, which are regions reported to be altered in those with ADHD. This study presents results examining multisensory processing in the population of adults with ADHD, and can be used as a foundation for future ADHD research using developmental research designs as well as the development of novel technological supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather S McCracken
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bernadette A Murphy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl M Glazebrook
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Health, Leisure & Human Performance Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - James J Burkitt
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antonia M Karellas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul C Yielder
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
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35
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Duda TA, Casey JE, O'Brien AM, Frost N, Phillips AM. Reduced graphomotor procedural learning in children and adolescents with ADHD. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 65:S0167-9457(18)30340-3. [PMID: 30853258 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study sought to determine if children and adolescents with ADHD demonstrate reduced procedural learning of a graphomotor program. METHOD Thirty-two children and adolescents between age 9 and 15 with (n = 16) and without ADHD (n = 16) participated in the study. Each group of participants practiced a novel grapheme on a digitizing tablet 30 times. Participants with ADHD were off stimulant medication or were medication naïve. RESULTS Control participants demonstrated significant improvement in graphomotor fluency from the beginning to the end of practice, T = 2, z = -2.534, p = .009, whereas participants with ADHD did not, T = 4, z = -1.810, p = .074. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with findings in adults with ADHD, results indicate that graphomotor procedural learning in children and adolescents with ADHD is attenuated. Findings have implications for future research that may inform remediation of handwriting difficulties, academic accommodations, and using digitizing technology for neuropsychological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Duda
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Joseph E Casey
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Amanda M O'Brien
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Natalie Frost
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Amanda M Phillips
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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36
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Riesgo de trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad y otros trastornos psiquiátricos de los hermanos de pacientes con TDAH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 48:44-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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37
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Wang Y, Tao F, Zuo C, Kanji M, Hu M, Wang D. Disrupted Resting Frontal-Parietal Attention Network Topology Is Associated With a Clinical Measure in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:300. [PMID: 31156474 PMCID: PMC6530394 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Although alterations in resting-state functional connectivity between brain regions have been reported in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the spatial organization of these changes remains largely unknown. Here, we studied frontal-parietal attention network topology in children with ADHD, and related topology to a clinical measure of disease progression. Methods: Resting-state fMRI scans were obtained from New York University Child Study Center, including 119 children with ADHD (male n = 89; female n = 30) and 69 typically developing controls (male n = 33; female n = 36). We characterized frontal-parietal functional networks using standard graph analysis (clustering coefficient and shortest path length) and the construction of a minimum spanning tree, a novel approach that allows a unique and unbiased characterization of brain networks. Results: Clustering coefficient and path length in the frontal-parietal attention network were similar in children with ADHD and typically developing controls; however, diameter was greater and leaf number, tree hierarchy, and kappa were lower in children with ADHD, and were significantly correlated with ADHD symptom score. There were significant alterations in nodal eccentricity in children with ADHD, involving prefrontal and occipital cortex regions, which are compatible with the results of previous ADHD studies. Conclusions: Our results indicate the tendency to deviate from a more centralized organization (star-like topology) towards a more decentralized organization (line-like topology) in the frontal-parietal attention network of children with ADHD. This represents a more random network that is associated with impaired global efficiency and network decentralization. These changes appear to reflect clinically relevant phenomena and hold promise as markers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Fuxiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyi Zuo
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Maihefulaiti Kanji
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Development and Learning Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyang Wang
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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38
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Kaczkurkin AN, Raznahan A, Satterthwaite TD. Sex differences in the developing brain: insights from multimodal neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:71-85. [PMID: 29930385 PMCID: PMC6235840 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Youth (including both childhood and adolescence) is a period when the brain undergoes dramatic remodeling and is also a time when neuropsychiatric conditions often emerge. Many of these illnesses have substantial sex differences in prevalence, suggesting that sex differences in brain development may underlie differential risk for psychiatric symptoms between males and females. Substantial evidence documents sex differences in brain structure and function in adults, and accumulating data suggests that these sex differences may be present or emerge during development. Here we review the evidence for sex differences in brain structure, white matter organization, and perfusion during development. We then use these normative differences as a framework to understand sex differences in brain development associated with psychopathology. In particular, we focus on sex differences in the brain as they relate to anxiety, depression, psychosis, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms. Finally, we highlight existing limitations, gaps in knowledge, and fertile avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Carass A, Cuzzocreo JL, Han S, Hernandez-Castillo CR, Rasser PE, Ganz M, Beliveau V, Dolz J, Ben Ayed I, Desrosiers C, Thyreau B, Romero JE, Coupé P, Manjón JV, Fonov VS, Collins DL, Ying SH, Onyike CU, Crocetti D, Landman BA, Mostofsky SH, Thompson PM, Prince JL. Comparing fully automated state-of-the-art cerebellum parcellation from magnetic resonance images. Neuroimage 2018; 183:150-172. [PMID: 30099076 PMCID: PMC6271471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cerebellum plays an essential role in motor control, is involved in cognitive function (i.e., attention, working memory, and language), and helps to regulate emotional responses. Quantitative in-vivo assessment of the cerebellum is important in the study of several neurological diseases including cerebellar ataxia, autism, and schizophrenia. Different structural subdivisions of the cerebellum have been shown to correlate with differing pathologies. To further understand these pathologies, it is helpful to automatically parcellate the cerebellum at the highest fidelity possible. In this paper, we coordinated with colleagues around the world to evaluate automated cerebellum parcellation algorithms on two clinical cohorts showing that the cerebellum can be parcellated to a high accuracy by newer methods. We characterize these various methods at four hierarchical levels: coarse (i.e., whole cerebellum and gross structures), lobe, subdivisions of the vermis, and the lobules. Due to the number of labels, the hierarchy of labels, the number of algorithms, and the two cohorts, we have restricted our analyses to the Dice measure of overlap. Under these conditions, machine learning based methods provide a collection of strategies that are efficient and deliver parcellations of a high standard across both cohorts, surpassing previous work in the area. In conjunction with the rank-sum computation, we identified an overall winning method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Carass
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Cuzzocreo
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carlos R Hernandez-Castillo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Paul E Rasser
- Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health and Stroke & Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose Dolz
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ismail Ben Ayed
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Desrosiers
- Laboratory for Imagery, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - José E Romero
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pierrick Coupé
- University of Bordeaux, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France; CNRS, LaBRI, UMR 5800, PICTURA, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - José V Manjón
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vladimir S Fonov
- Image Processing Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Louis Collins
- Image Processing Laboratory, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah H Ying
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Deana Crocetti
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA; Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jerry L Prince
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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40
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Ehlis AC, Deppermann S, Fallgatter AJ. Performance monitoring and post-error adjustments in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an EEG analysis. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2018; 43:396-406. [PMID: 30375834 PMCID: PMC6203547 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.170118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, research into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has focused increasingly on its neurobiological underpinnings, revealing (among other things) frontal lobe alterations. Specifically, action-monitoring deficits have been described, including impaired behavioural adjustments following errors. Our aim was to examine the neurophysiological background of post-error behavioural alterations in an adult ADHD sample for the first time, hypothesizing that people with ADHD would differ from controls in neurophysiological markers of cognitive preparation and stimulus processing, specifically following errors. METHODS In total, 34 people with ADHD and 34 controls participated in an electroencephalography measurement while performing a flanker task. The final number of electroencephalography samples included in the analyses ranged from 23 to 28. We recorded event-related potentials for the erroneous response itself (error-related negativity) and for events following errors (intertrial interval: contingent negative variation; next flanker stimulus: P300). RESULTS Over frontal electrode sites, error-related negativity amplitudes were significantly reduced in people with ADHD across response conditions. Both groups showed reduced P300 amplitudes on flanker stimuli following errors. Moreover, during the intertrial interval, patients exhibited significantly reduced contingent negative variation, specifically following errors. At the behavioural level, we observed no significant group differences in post-error data. LIMITATIONS Only adults were examined (no longitudinal data). CONCLUSION Based on previous reports of post-error behavioural alterations in childhood samples, we conclude that people with ADHD develop compensatory strategies across the lifespan that lead to inconspicuous post-error behaviour in adulthood. Neurophysiologically, however, subtle alterations remain, indicating a perseverance of at least some frontal lobe deficits in people with ADHD who are partially medicated, particularly with respect to action-monitoring and post-error adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christine Ehlis
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| | - Saskia Deppermann
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- From the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Deppermann, Fallgatter); the Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Fallgatter); and the LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Ehlis, Fallgatter)
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41
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Dark C, Homman-Ludiye J, Bryson-Richardson RJ. The role of ADHD associated genes in neurodevelopment. Dev Biol 2018; 438:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Fan LY, Shang CY, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF, Chou TL. Visual processing as a potential endophenotype in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A sibling study design using the counting Stroop functional MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:3827-3835. [PMID: 29749060 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficits in inhibitory control and visual processing are common in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but little is known about endophenotypes for unaffected siblings of youths with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the potential endophenotypes of brain activation and performance in inhibitory control and visual processing among ADHD probands, their unaffected siblings, and neurotypical youths. We assessed 27 ADHD probands, 27 unaffected siblings, and 27 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched neurotypical youths using the counting Stroop functional magnetic resonance imaging and two tasks of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): rapid visual information processing (RVP) for inhibitory control and spatial span (SSP) for visual processing. ADHD probands showed greater activation than their unaffected siblings and neurotypical youths in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate cortex. Increased activation in the right IFG was positively correlated with the mean latency of the RVP in ADHD probands. Moreover, ADHD probands and their unaffected siblings showed less activation in the left superior parietal lobule (SPL) than neurotypical youths. Increased activation in the left SPL was positively correlated with the spatial length of the SSP in neurotypical youths. Our findings suggest that less activation in the left SPL might be considered as a candidate imaging endophenotype for visual processing in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yung Shang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Duan K, Chen J, Calhoun VD, Lin D, Jiang W, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hoogman M, Arias-Vasquez A, Turner JA, Liu J. Neural correlates of cognitive function and symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:374-383. [PMID: 30013920 PMCID: PMC6044210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While gray matter (GM) anomalies have been reported for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), investigating their associations with cognitive deficits and individual symptom domains can help pinpoint the neural underpinnings critical for the pathology of ADHD, particularly the persist form of ADHD. In this work, we performed both independent component analysis and voxel-based morphometry analysis on whole brain GM of 486 adults including 214 patients, 96 unaffected siblings, and 176 healthy controls, in relation to cognition and symptoms. Independent component analysis revealed that higher GM volume in inferior semilunar lobule, inferior frontal gyri, and superior and middle frontal gyri was associated with better working memory performance, and lower GM volume in cerebellar tonsil and culmen was associated with more severe inattention symptoms. Consistently, voxel-based morphometry analysis showed that higher GM volume in multiple regions of frontal lobe, cerebellum and temporal lobe was related to better working memory performance. Focusing on the networks derived from ICA, our results integrated prefrontal regions and cerebellar regions through associations with working memory and inattention symptoms, lending support for the theory of ‘cool’-cognition dysfunction being mediated by inferior fronto-striato-cerebellar networks in ADHD. Siblings showed intermediate cognitive impairments between patients and controls but presented GM anomalies in unique focal regions, suggesting they are a separate group potentially affected by the shared genetic and environmental risks with ADHD patients. Frontal and cerebellar regions associated with adult ADHD working memory deficits. Gray matter reduction in cerebellum related to inattention symptoms in adult ADHD. Siblings presented intermediate cognitive impairments. Adult ADHD showed gray matter reduction in middle frontal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuaikuai Duan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, USA
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA
| | - Dongdong Lin
- The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of New Mexico, USA; The Mind Research Network, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, USA.
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Bonath B, Tegelbeckers J, Wilke M, Flechtner HH, Krauel K. Regional Gray Matter Volume Differences Between Adolescents With ADHD and Typically Developing Controls: Further Evidence for Anterior Cingulate Involvement. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:627-638. [PMID: 26748338 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715619682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated structural brain differences between adolescents with ADHD and matched control participants. METHOD Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using the DARTEL approach was performed to assess regional gray matter (GM) volumes. Additionally, individual performance on tests of attention was recorded to correlate ADHD related cognitive impairments with regional gray matter abnormalities. RESULTS We found significantly smaller GM volume in subjects with ADHD compared to their matched controls within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the occipital cortex, bilateral hippocampus/amygdala and in widespread cerebellar regions. Further, reductions of the ACC gray matter volume were found to correlate with scores of selective inattention. CONCLUSION These findings underline that structural alterations in a widespread cortico-subcortical network seem to underlie the observable attention problems in patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Bonath
- 1 Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
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45
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Naaijen J, Lythgoe DJ, Zwiers MP, Hartman CA, Hoekstra PJ, Buitelaar JK, Aarts E. Anterior cingulate cortex glutamate and its association with striatal functioning during cognitive control. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:381-391. [PMID: 29395624 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by structural, functional and neurochemical alterations of the fronto-striatal circuits and by deficits in cognitive control. In particular, ADHD has been associated with impairments in top-down fronto-striatal glutamate-signalling. However, it is unknown whether fronto-striatal glutamate is related to cognitive control dysfunction. Here we explored whether and how anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate relates to striatal BOLD-responses during cognitive control. We used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to evaluate glutamate-to-creatine ratios in 62 participants (probands with ADHD n=19, unaffected siblings n=24 and typical controls n=19, mean age=20.4). Spectra were collected from the ACC and the dorsal striatum and glutamate-to-creatine ratios were extracted. Thirty-two participants additionally took part in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Stroop task to investigate neural responses during cognitive control. Given small sample sizes we report all effects with p<0.10 along with effect sizes. ADHD subjects showed decreased glutamate-to-creatine ratios in the ACC (F=3.81, p=0.059, ηp2=0.104; medium to large effect-size) compared with controls. Importantly, decreased ACC glutamate-to-creatine ratios were associated with increased striatal BOLD-responses during cognitive control (rho=-0.41, p=0.019; medium effect-size), independent of diagnosis. Increased striatal responses tended to be associated with more errors during the task and more hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (rho=0.34, p=0.058 and rho=0.33, p=0.068, respectively); the latter two being correlated too (rho=0.37, p=0.037), all with medium effect sizes. Our results suggest that ACC glutamate in ADHD might be associated with striatal (dys)functioning during the Stroop task, supporting the role of fronto-striatal glutamate in cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilly Naaijen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - David J Lythgoe
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Neuroimaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute of Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Shook D, Brouwer R, de Zeeuw P, Oranje B, Durston S. XKR4 Gene Effects on Cerebellar Development Are Not Specific to ADHD. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 11:396. [PMID: 29311829 PMCID: PMC5732973 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the XKR4 gene has been linked to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This gene is preferentially expressed in cerebellum, a brain structure implicated in this disorder. This study investigated the effects of this SNP on cerebellar development in children with and without ADHD. We collected 279 longitudinal T1-weighted structural images and DNA from 58 children with ADHD and 64 typically developing (TD) children matched for age, IQ, and gender. Groups were divided by the XKR4 rs2939678 SNP into A-allele carriers versus subjects homozygous for the G-allele. Cerebellar lobular volumes were segmented into 35 regions of interest using MAGeTBrain, an automated multi-atlas segmentation pipeline for anatomical MRI, and statistically analyzed using linear mixed models. We found decreased gray matter (GM) volumes in ADHD compared to TD children in bilateral lobules VIIIA, left VIIIB, right VIIB, and vermis VI. Furthermore, we found a linear age by gene interaction in left lobule VIIB where subjects homozygous for the G-allele showed a decrease in volume over time compared to A-allele carriers. We further found quadratic age × gene and age × diagnosis interactions in left lobule IV. Subjects homozygous for the G-allele (the genotype overtransmitted in ADHD) showed more suppressed, almost flat quadratic growth curves compared to A-allele carriers, similar to individuals with ADHD compared to controls. However, there was no interaction between genotype and diagnosis, suggesting that any effects of this SNP on cerebellar development are not specific to the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Shook
- NICHE Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Patrick de Zeeuw
- NICHE Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bob Oranje
- NICHE Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Durston
- NICHE Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Nickel K, Tebartz van Elst L, Manko J, Unterrainer J, Rauh R, Klein C, Endres D, Kaller CP, Mader I, Riedel A, Biscaldi M, Maier S. Inferior Frontal Gyrus Volume Loss Distinguishes Between Autism and (Comorbid) Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-A FreeSurfer Analysis in Children. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:521. [PMID: 30405459 PMCID: PMC6206215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Autism spectrum (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with a high rate of comorbidity. To date, diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and distinct reliable biomarkers have been identified neither for ASD nor ADHD. Most previous neuroimaging studies investigated ASD and ADHD separately. Method: To address the question of structural brain differences between ASD and ADHD, we performed FreeSurfer analysis in a sample of children with ADHD (n = 30), with high-functioning ASD (n = 14), with comorbid high-functioning ASD and ADHD (n = 15), and of typically developed controls (TD; n = 36). With FreeSurfer, an automated brain imaging processing and analyzing suite, we reconstructed the cerebral cortex and calculated gray matter volumes as well as cortical surface parameters in terms of cortical thickness and mean curvature. Results: A significant main effect of the factor ADHD was detected for the left inferior frontal gyrus (Pars orbitalis) volume, with the ADHD group exhibiting smaller Pars orbitalis volumes. Dimensional measures of autism (SRS total raw score) and ADHD (DISYPS-II FBB-ADHD score) had no significant influence on the left Pars orbitalis volume. Both, ASD and ADHD tended to have an effect on cortical thickness or mean curvature, which did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: Our results underline that ADHD rather than ASD is associated with volume loss in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Pars orbitalis). This area might play a relevant role in modulating symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity in ADHD. The effect of comorbid ADHD in ASD samples and vice versa, on cortical thickness and mean curvature, requires further investigation in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Manko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Josef Unterrainer
- Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold Rauh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph P Kaller
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irina Mader
- Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Riedel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monica Biscaldi
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Ashida R, Cerminara NL, Brooks J, Apps R. Principles of organization of the human cerebellum: macro- and microanatomy. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 154:45-58. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63956-1.00003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hong SJ, Lim KJ, Yoon DY, Choi CS, Yun EJ, Seo YL, Cho YK, Yoon SJ, Moon JY, Baek S, Lim YJ, Lee K. The most-cited articles in pediatric imaging: a bibliometric analysis. Minerva Pediatr 2017; 71:461-469. [PMID: 28752735 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.17.05045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The number of citations that an article has received reflects its impact on the scientific community. The purpose of our study was to identify and characterize the 51 most-cited articles in pediatric imaging. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Based on the database of Journal Citation Reports, we selected 350 journals that were considered as potential outlets for pediatric imaging articles. The Web of Science search tools were used to identify the most-cited articles relevant to pediatric imaging within the selected journals. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The 51 most-cited articles in pediatric imaging were published between 1952 and 2011, with 1980-1989 and 2000-2009 producing 15 articles, each. The number of citations ranged from 576-124 and the number of annual citations ranged from 49.05-2.56. The majority of articles were published in pediatric and related journals (N.=26), originated in the USA (N.=23), were original articles (N.=45), used MRI as imaging modality (N.=27), and were concerned with the subspecialty of brain (N.=34). University College London School of Medicine (N.=6) and School of Medicine University of California (N.=4) were the leading institutions and Reynolds EO (N.=7) was the most voluminous author. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a detailed list and an analysis of the most-cited articles in the field of pediatric imaging, which provides an insight into historical developments and allows for recognition of the important advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su J Hong
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gywonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyoung J Lim
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea -
| | - Dae Y Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul S Choi
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun J Yun
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young L Seo
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young K Cho
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo J Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Y Moon
- Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sora Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Lim
- Department of Radiology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kwanseop Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Kumar U, Arya A, Agarwal V. Neural alterations in ADHD children as indicated by voxel-based cortical thickness and morphometry analysis. Brain Dev 2017; 39:403-410. [PMID: 28057397 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroimaging studies provide vital information related to the neurobiology of ADHD, but there still exists a wide gap in relevant information. The present study aimed to elucidate the neuroanatomical alteration in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children/adolescents. METHODS Voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was performed to examine neuroanatomic distinctions in 18 children/adolescents aged 7.5-13years diagnosed with DSM-IV TR as ADHD (non-medicated). They were compared with 18 healthy matched controls. RESULTS VBCT findings in ADHD children/adolescents revealed reduced cortical thickness in the left superior frontal, left orbito-frontal and left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. VBM findings confirmed decreased gray matter volume in the left orbito frontal, left middle frontal/dorsolateral prefrontal, left middle temporal and left cerebellum in comparison to control group. A decrease in white matter volume was also observed in the left inferior frontal and left calcarine of ADHD children/adolescents. CONCLUSION Results reflect possible abnormal neuroanatomical development patterns in ADHD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Amit Arya
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Agarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
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