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Agaba CD, Namuli A, Ainomugisha B, Tibaijuka L, Ninsiima M, Ngonzi J, Akatukwasa C, Owaraganise A. Providers and women's perspectives on opportunities, challenges and recommendations to improve cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:392. [PMID: 38978020 PMCID: PMC11229203 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer screening uptake remains low despite being a critical prevention method for adult women living with HIV(WLHIV). These women experience greater incidence and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and severe outcomes, including cervical cancer comorbidity and death. OBJECTIVE We explored the opportunities, challenges, and recommendations of clinical care providers and WLHIV to improve cervical cancer screening uptake among WLHIV in Southwestern Uganda. METHODS In a cross-sectional qualitative study from January to June 2021 at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, we interviewed six key informant clinical care providers and held four focus group discussions with women living with HIV. Data was coded using Atlas ti software and analysed using thematic inductive analysis. RESULTS The participants identified several prevailing opportunities for cervical cancer screening, including skilled clinical care workers, public awareness for demand creation, optimized clinic flow, provider-led referrals, and peer-led information sharing that ease clinic navigation and shorten participant throughput. However, challenges occurred due to standalone services resulting in double queuing, longer clinic visit hours, missed chances for screening alongside unsupported lower health facilities leading to crowding at the referral hospital, and inadequate patient privacy measures leading to shame and stigma and the misconception that cervical cancer is incurable. Integrating HPV-DNA testing in HIV services was perceived with ambivalence; some participants worried about the quality of sample collection, while others valued the privacy it offered. Optimising self-collected DNA testing and sufficient counselling were recommended to improve cervical cancer screening uptake. CONCLUSION Opportunities for cervical cancer screening included trained clinical care professionals, increased public awareness, improved clinic flow, provider referrals, and peer education. Challenges, such as unsupported lower-level health facilities, misconceptions, inadequate patient privacy, and uncertainty about integrating HPV-DNA screening into HIV services, were cited. Adequate counselling and self-sample collection were recommended to foster screening. Our findings may guide healthcare programs integrating cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics to reach the 70% World Health Organisation targets by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins David Agaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Alexcer Namuli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Brenda Ainomugisha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Leevan Tibaijuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mackline Ninsiima
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Ngonzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Asiphas Owaraganise
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
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Olakunde BO, Itanyi IU, Olawepo JO, Liu L, Bembir C, Idemili-Aronu N, Lasebikan NN, Onyeka TC, Dim CC, Chigbu CO, Ezeanolue EE, Aarons GA. Comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for Accelerating Cervical Cancer Elimination through the integration of Screen-and-treat Services (ACCESS study): protocol for a cluster randomized hybrid type III trial in Nigeria. Implement Sci 2024; 19:25. [PMID: 38468266 PMCID: PMC10926605 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-024-01349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased risk of cervical cancer (CC) among women living with HIV (WLHIV), CC screening and treatment (CCST) rates remain low in Africa. The integration of CCST services into established HIV programs in Africa can improve CC prevention and control. However, the paucity of evidence on effective implementation strategies (IS) has limited the success of integration in many countries. In this study, we seek to identify effective IS to enhance the integration of CCST services into existing HIV programs in Nigeria. METHODS Our proposed study has formative and experimental activities across the four phases of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework. Through an implementation mapping conducted with stakeholders in the exploration phase, we identified a core package of IS (Core) and an enhanced package of IS (Core+) mostly selected from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change. In the preparation phase, we refined and tailored the Core and Core+ IS with the implementation resource teams for local appropriateness. In the implementation phase, we will conduct a cluster-randomized hybrid type III trial to assess the comparative effectiveness of Core versus Core+. HIV comprehensive treatment sites (k = 12) will be matched by region and randomized to Core or Core+ in the ratio of 1:1 stratified by region. In the sustainment phase, we will assess the sustainment of CCST at each site. The study outcomes will be assessed using RE-AIM: reach (screening rate), adoption (uptake of IS by study sites), IS fidelity (degree to which the IS occurred according to protocol), clinical intervention fidelity (delivery of CC screening, onsite treatment, and referral according to protocol), clinical effectiveness (posttreatment screen negative), and sustainment (continued integrated CCST service delivery). Additionally, we will descriptively explore potential mechanisms, including organizational readiness, implementation climate, CCST self-efficacy, and implementation intentions. DISCUSSION The assessment of IS to increase CCST rates is consistent with the global plan of eliminating CC as a public health threat by 2030. Our study will identify a set of evidence-based IS for low-income settings to integrate evidence-based CCST interventions into routine HIV care in order to improve the health and life expectancy of WLHIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered on November 7, 2023, at ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT06128304. https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/study/NCT06128304.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babayemi O Olakunde
- Department of Community Prevention and Care Services, National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma U Itanyi
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - John O Olawepo
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chinenye Bembir
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ngozi Idemili-Aronu
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Nwamaka N Lasebikan
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Oncology Center, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Tonia C Onyeka
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Anaesthesia/Pain & Palliative Care Unit, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Cyril C Dim
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike O Chigbu
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Echezona E Ezeanolue
- Center for Translation and Implementation Research, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
- HealthySunrise Foundation, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Gregory A Aarons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0812, USA.
- UC San Diego ACTRI Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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3
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Nwakasi C, Esiaka D, Staab T, Philip AA, Nweke C. HIV knowledge and information access among women cancer survivors in Nigeria. J Cancer Policy 2024; 39:100456. [PMID: 37989454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Women in Nigeria have a high burden of diseases, such as cancer and HIV. Nigerian women also have inadequate access to health information, especially for disease prevention and health promotion. Researchers have indicated that living with HIV can be particularly harmful to the health and survival of cancer survivors. However, there is a dearth of research on Nigerian women cancer survivors' knowledge of cancer and HIV linkage and their access to HIV health information. This knowledge gap may have negative health consequences. Therefore, there is a need to ensure HIV prevention among Nigerian women cancer survivors by improving access to health information. This study used a qualitative descriptive method to examine HIV knowledge and access to health information among women cancer survivors in Nigeria. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 30 women cancer survivors from Abuja, Nigeria. We identified three themes from the data, illuminating women's knowledge of the connection between HIV and cancer. The themes include: (a) perception of HIV versus cancer which described views of HIV and cancer as distinct health conditions, (b) perceived effect of HIV on cancer given that HIV can worsen cancer outcomes, and (c) sourcing for HIV health information which highlighted issues of inadequate or inaccessible HIV-cancer information. Our findings showed that targeted health education interventions are required to address the lack of HIV information among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candidus Nwakasi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
| | - Darlingtina Esiaka
- Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Health Equity Transformation (CHET), The University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Theresa Staab
- Department of Health Sciences, Providence College, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aaron Akpu Philip
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health, and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chizobam Nweke
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Chinna P, Bratl K, Lambarey H, Blumenthal MJ, Schäfer G. The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13066. [PMID: 37685871 PMCID: PMC10487760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The two oncogenic human gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) cause significant disease burden, particularly in immunosuppressed individuals. Both viruses display latent and lytic phases of their life cycle with different outcomes for their associated pathologies. The high prevalence of infectious diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), particularly HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and more recently, COVID-19, as well as their associated inflammatory responses, could potentially impact either virus' infectious course. However, acute or lytically active EBV and/or KSHV infections often present with symptoms mimicking these predominant diseases leading to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of oncogenic herpesvirus-associated pathologies. EBV and/or KSHV infections are generally acquired early in life and remain latent until lytic reactivation is triggered by various stimuli. This review summarizes known associations between infectious agents prevalent in SSA and underlying EBV and/or KSHV infection. While presenting an overview of both viruses' biphasic life cycles, this review aims to highlight the importance of co-infections in the correct identification of risk factors for and diagnoses of EBV- and/or KSHV-associated pathologies, particularly in SSA, where both oncogenic herpesviruses as well as other infectious agents are highly pervasive and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prishanta Chinna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.); (K.B.); (H.L.); (M.J.B.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Katrin Bratl
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.); (K.B.); (H.L.); (M.J.B.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Humaira Lambarey
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.); (K.B.); (H.L.); (M.J.B.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Melissa J. Blumenthal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.); (K.B.); (H.L.); (M.J.B.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.); (K.B.); (H.L.); (M.J.B.)
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Kauma G, Ddungu H, Ssewanyana I, Nyesiga S, Bogere N, Namulema-Diiro T, Byakika-Kibwika P, Namukwaya E, Kizza HM. Virologic Nonsuppression Among Patients With HIV Newly Diagnosed With Cancer at Uganda Cancer Institute: A Cross-Sectional Study. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200262. [PMID: 37043709 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AIDS-related mortality declined markedly since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, cancer mortality in Africa was higher than its incidence in 2020. People living with HIV (PLWHIV) are at an increased risk of malignancy and death from malignancy compared with the general population. In Uganda, AIDS-defining malignancies (ADMs), including cervical cancer, Kaposi sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, are among the commonest malignancies. Virologic nonsuppression has been identified as an important predictor of mortality among PLWHIV diagnosed with cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and to identify factors associated with virologic nonsuppression among PLWHIV newly diagnosed with cancer. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out between December 2018 and April 2019 at the Uganda Cancer Institute. PLWHIV who had been on ART for at least 6 months and were newly diagnosed with cancer were enrolled. RESULTS A total of 167 participants were enrolled. Cervical cancer was the commonest ADM (n = 45; 50.6%) of all ADMs, while esophageal and breast cancers were the commonest non-ADMs, accounting for 17.5% (n = 14) each of all non-ADMs. The prevalence of virologic nonsuppression was 15%. Having Kaposi sarcoma (odds ratio [OR], 8.15; P = .003), being poorly adherent to ART (OR, 4.1; P = .045), and being on second-line ART (OR, 5.68; P = .011) were associated with virologic nonsuppression. CONCLUSION The prevalence of virologic nonsuppression is high among patients with HIV newly diagnosed with cancer. These findings emphasize the need for strengthening of adherence strategies, optimizing ART regimens, and prioritization of viral load testing among PLWHIV with newly diagnosed malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pauline Byakika-Kibwika
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Elizabeth Namukwaya
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja Kizza
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Glasmeyer L, Mcharo RD, Torres L, Lennemann T, Danstan E, Mwinuka N, Judick M, Mueller W, Mbuya W, Hölscher M, Lellé R, Geldmacher C, Kroidl A, France JR. Long-term follow-up on HIV infected and non-infected women with cervical cancer from Tanzania: staging, access to cancer-directed therapies and associated survival in a real-life remote setting. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:892. [PMID: 35971100 PMCID: PMC9377112 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide 85% of cervical cancer (CC) related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is burdend by an overlapping high incidence of CC as well as HIV infection, a risk factor for HPV associated disease progression. Recent upscaling of CC screening activities increased the number of CC diagnoses in a previous unscreened population. The aim of the 2H study was to follow up on women with CC in the context of available health care services in Tanzania in relation to their HIV infection status. Methods This longitudinal observational cohort study included women with histological confirmed CC from Mbeya, Tanzania, between 2013–2019. All women were referred for CC staging and cancer-directed therapies (CDT), including surgery and/or radio-chemotherapy, or palliative care. Annual follow-up focused on successful linkage to CDT, interventions and survival. We assessed factors on compliance, used Kaplan–Meier-Survivor functions to evaluate survival time and poisson regression models to calculate incidence rate ratios on mortality (IRR) two years after diagnosis. Results Overall, 270 women with CC (123 HIV infected) were included. Staging information, available in 185 cases, showed 84.9% presented with advanced stage disease (FIGO ≥ IIB), no difference was seen in respect to HIV status. HIV-infected women were 12 years younger at the time of cancer diagnosis (median age 44.8 versus 56.4 years, p < 0.001). Median follow up period was 11.9 months (range 0.2–67.2). Survival information, available in 231 cases, demonstrated for women diagnosed in early-stage disease a median survival time of 38.3 months, in advanced-stage 16.0 months and late-stage disease 6.5 months after diagnosis. Of all women, 42% received CDT or palliative support. HIV co-infection and education were associated with higher health care compliance. CDT was significantly associated with lower 2-year mortality rates (IRR 0.62, p = 0.004). HIV coinfection did not impact mortality rates after diagnosis. Conclusion High numbers of advanced and late staged CC were diagnosed, compliance to CDT was low. A beneficial impact of CDT on CC mortality could be demonstrated for local health care services. This study indicates challenges for successful linkage and supports an effective scale up of cancer care and treatment facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Glasmeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruby Doryn Mcharo
- Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Liset Torres
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Tessa Lennemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth Danstan
- Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Nice Mwinuka
- Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Mona Judick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - William Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Wilbert Mbuya
- Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Michael Hölscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralph Lellé
- Division of Gynecology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Arne Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - John Rwegoshora France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, Mbeya, Tanzania.
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McMahon DE, Chemtai L, Grant M, Singh R, Semeere A, Byakwaga H, Laker-Oketta M, Maurer T, Busakhala N, Martin J, Bassett IV, Butler L, Freeman EE. Understanding Diagnostic Delays for Kaposi Sarcoma in Kenya: A Qualitative Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 90:494-503. [PMID: 35499523 PMCID: PMC9283252 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage in sub-Saharan Africa, reasons for diagnostic delays have not been well described. METHODS We enrolled patients >18 years with newly diagnosed KS between 2016 and 2019 into the parent study, based in western Kenya. We then purposively selected 30 participants with diversity of disease severity and geographic locations to participate in semistructured interviews. We used 2 behavioral models in developing the codebook for this analysis: situated Information, Motivation, and Behavior framework and Andersen model of total patient delay. We then analyzed the interviews using framework analysis. RESULTS The most common patient factors that delayed diagnosis were lack of KS awareness, seeking traditional treatments, lack of personal efficacy, lack of social support, and fear of cancer, skin biopsy, amputation, and HIV diagnosis. Health system factors that delayed diagnosis included previous negative health care interactions, incorrect diagnoses, lack of physical examination, delayed referral, and lack of tissue biopsy availability. Financial constraints were prominent barriers for patients to access and receive care. Facilitators for diagnosis included being part of an HIV care network, living near health facilities, trust in the health care system, desire to treat painful or disfiguring lesions, and social support. CONCLUSIONS Lack of KS awareness among patients and providers, stigma surrounding diagnoses, and health system referral delays were barriers in reaching KS diagnosis. Improved public health campaigns, increased availability of biopsy and pathology facilities, and health provider training about KS are needed to improve early diagnosis of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon E McMahon
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Rhea Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | | | - Toby Maurer
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Ingrid V Bassett
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Esther E Freeman
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Musekiwa A, Moyo M, Mohammed M, Matsena-Zingoni Z, Twabi HS, Batidzirai JM, Singini GC, Kgarosi K, Mchunu N, Nevhungoni P, Silinda P, Ekwomadu T, Maposa I. Mapping Evidence on the Burden of Breast, Cervical, and Prostate Cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:908302. [PMID: 35784211 PMCID: PMC9246362 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.908302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCancer remains a major public health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the provision of health care is poor. This scoping review mapped evidence in the literature regarding the burden of cervical, breast and prostate cancers in SSA.MethodsWe conducted this scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, with five steps: identifying the research question; searching for relevant studies; selecting studies; charting the data; and collating, summarizing, and reporting the data. We performed all the steps independently and resolved disagreements through discussion. We used Endnote software to manage references and the Rayyan software to screen studies.ResultsWe found 138 studies that met our inclusion criteria from 2,751 studies identified through the electronic databases. The majority were retrospective studies of mostly registries and patient files (n = 77, 55.8%), followed by cross-sectional studies (n = 51, 36.9%). We included studies published from 1990 to 2021, with a sharp increase from 2010 to 2021. The quality of studies was overall satisfactory. Most studies were done in South Africa (n = 20) and Nigeria (n = 17). The majority were on cervical cancer (n = 93, 67.4%), followed by breast cancer (67, 48.6%) and the least were on prostate cancer (48, 34.8%). Concerning the burden of cancer, most reported prevalence and incidence. We also found a few studies investigating mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL).ConclusionsWe found many retrospective record review cross-sectional studies, mainly in South Africa and Nigeria, reporting the prevalence and incidence of cervical, breast and prostate cancer in SSA. There were a few systematic and scoping reviews. There is a scarcity of cervical, breast and prostate cancer burden studies in several SSA countries. The findings in this study can inform policy on improving the public health systems and therefore reduce cancer incidence and mortality in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Musekiwa
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Alfred Musekiwa
| | - Maureen Moyo
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mohanad Mohammed
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Zvifadzo Matsena-Zingoni
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Jesca Mercy Batidzirai
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - Kabelo Kgarosi
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nobuhle Mchunu
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Portia Nevhungoni
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patricia Silinda
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Theodora Ekwomadu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Innocent Maposa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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The Burden of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses in Ovarian Cancer Patients in Nairobi, Kenya. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:433-445. [PMID: 35735757 PMCID: PMC9222280 DOI: 10.3390/idr14030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a gynecological malignancy characterized by high morbidity and mortalities due to late-stage diagnosis because accurate early diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Testing of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in OC patients is pertinent in light of the emerging evidence of their contribution to poor prognosis. We, for the first time, investigated the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in a Kenyan cohort of OC to inform optimal management. We recruited a cohort of women above 18 years of age, comprising 86 OC patients and 50 healthy controls. Participants’ blood samples were serologically screened for HBV, HCV, and HIV. We found seroprevalence rates of 29.1%, 26.7%, and 1.2% for HBV, HIV, and HCV, respectively, in OC patients. The healthy control group had HBV and HIV seroprevalence rates of 3.9% for each with no positive HCV case. HBV/HIV coinfection was noted only in the OC group with a positivity rate of 17.4%. In summary, we found higher HBV and HIV seroprevalence in Kenyan OC patients compared to the healthy control group, whereas HCV prevalence was reflective of the general population. Hence, we recommend screening for HBV and HIV among OC patients destined for anticancer treatment.
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10
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Chasimpha S, McCormack V, Cubasch H, Joffe M, Zietsman A, Galukande M, Parham G, Pinder LF, Anele A, Adisa CA, Offiah AU, Anderson BO, Boucheron P, Foerster M, Schüz J, Dos-Santos-Silva I. Disparities in breast cancer survival between women with and without HIV across sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective, cohort study. Lancet HIV 2022; 9:e160-e171. [PMID: 35245508 PMCID: PMC9031563 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(21)00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown increased mortality among women living with HIV diagnosed with breast cancer compared with HIV-negative women with breast cancer. We aimed to examine how this HIV differential varies by patient or breast tumour characteristics. METHODS The African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) study is a prospective cohort of women (aged ≥18 years) with incident breast cancer recruited consecutively at diagnosis (2014-17) from hospitals in Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia. Detailed clinical and epidemiological data, including self-reported or tested HIV status, were collected at baseline. Participants were actively followed up via telephone calls every 3 months. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, assessed in all women who had at least one updated vital status after baseline interview. Using Cox regression, we examined differences in overall survival by HIV status in the cohort, and across country and patient subgroups, adjusted for age, tumour grade, and tumour stage at cancer diagnosis. FINDINGS Between Sept 8, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, we recruited 2154 women with primary breast cancer, 519 of whom were excluded due to their countries having small numbers of women with HIV for comparison. Among the remaining 1635 women, 313 (19%) were living with HIV, 1184 (72%) were HIV negative, and 138 (9%) had unknown HIV status. At breast cancer diagnosis, women with HIV were younger and had lower body-mass index (BMI) than their HIV-negative counterparts, but had similar tumour stage, grade, and receptor subtypes. At the end of the follow-up (Jan 1, 2019), a higher proportion of women with HIV (137 [44%] of 313) had died than had HIV-negative women (432 [37%] of 1184). Crude 3-year survival was 9% lower for women with HIV (46% [95% CI 40-53]) than for HIV-negative women (55% [52-59]; hazard ratio (HR) 1·41 [1·15-1·74]). The HIV survival differential did not differ by age, BMI, tumour subtype, or tumour grade, but was stronger in women with non-metastatic disease (3-year survival 52% HIV-positive vs 63% HIV-negative women, adjusted HR 1·65 [1·30-2·10]), whereas women with metastatic cancer had low survival, regardless of HIV status. INTERPRETATION The larger survival deficit among women with HIV with non-metastatic breast cancer calls for a better understanding of the reasons underlying this differential (eg, biological mechanisms, health behaviours, detrimental HIV-breast cancer treatment interactions, or higher HIV background mortality) to inform strategies for reducing mortality among this patient group. FUNDING Susan G Komen, International Agency for Research on Cancer, National Cancer Institute, and UK-Commonwealth Scholarships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steady Chasimpha
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annelle Zietsman
- AB May Cancer Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Moses Galukande
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Groesbeck Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leeya F Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Women and Newborn Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angelica Anele
- Breast Oncology Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Boucheron
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Milena Foerster
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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11
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Ibrahim Khalil A, Mpunga T, Wei F, Baussano I, de Martel C, Bray F, Stelzle D, Dryden‐Peterson S, Jaquet A, Horner M, Awolude OA, Trejo MJ, Mudini W, Soliman AS, Sengayi‐Muchengeti M, Coghill AE, van Aardt MC, De Vuyst H, Hawes SE, Broutet N, Dalal S, Clifford GM. Age-specific burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV: A global analysis with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:761-772. [PMID: 34626498 PMCID: PMC8732304 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
HIV substantially worsens human papillomavirus (HPV) carcinogenicity and contributes to an important population excess of cervical cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We estimated HIV- and age-stratified cervical cancer burden at a country, regional and global level in 2020. Proportions of cervical cancer (a) diagnosed in women living with HIV (WLHIV), and (b) attributable to HIV, were calculated using age-specific estimates of HIV prevalence (UNAIDS) and relative risk. These proportions were validated against empirical data and applied to age-specific cervical cancer incidence (GLOBOCAN 2020). HIV was most important in SSA, where 24.9% of cervical cancers were diagnosed in WLHIV, and 20.4% were attributable to HIV (vs 1.3% and 1.1%, respectively, in the rest of the world). In all world regions, contribution of HIV to cervical cancer was far higher in younger women (as seen also in empirical series). For example, in Southern Africa, where more than half of cervical cancers were diagnosed in WLHIV, the HIV-attributable fraction decreased from 86% in women ≤34 years to only 12% in women ≥55 years. The absolute burden of HIV-attributable cervical cancer (approximately 28 000 cases globally) also shifted toward younger women: in Southern Africa, 63% of 5341 HIV-attributable cervical cancer occurred in women <45 years old, compared to only 17% of 6901 non-HIV-attributable cervical cancer. Improved quantification of cervical cancer burden by age and HIV status can inform cervical cancer prevention efforts in SSA, including prediction of the impact of WLHIV-targeted vs general population approaches to cervical screening, and impact of HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadaye Ibrahim Khalil
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Tharcisse Mpunga
- Butaro Cancer Centre of Excellence, Ministry of HealthButaroRwanda
| | - Feixue Wei
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Iacopo Baussano
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Catherine de Martel
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Dominik Stelzle
- Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany,Chair of Epidemiology, Department of Sport and Health SciencesTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Scott Dryden‐Peterson
- Division of Infectious DiseasesBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA,Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute PartnershipGaboroneBotswana
| | - Antoine Jaquet
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), UMR 1219BordeauxFrance
| | - Marie‐Josèphe Horner
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Olutosin A. Awolude
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria,Infectious Disease Institute, College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria
| | - Mario Jesus Trejo
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Washington Mudini
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Amr S. Soliman
- Community Health and Social Medicine Department, CUNY School of MedicineThe City College of New YorkNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Mazvita Sengayi‐Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa,School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa,South African DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA)Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Anna E. Coghill
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population ScienceH. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Matthys C. van Aardt
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Hugo De Vuyst
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
| | - Stephen E. Hawes
- Departments of Epidemiology, Health Services, and Global HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nathalie Broutet
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Shona Dalal
- Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programmes, World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO)LyonFrance
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12
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Minnaar CA, Maposa I, Kotzen JA, Baeyens A. Effects of Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia (mEHT) on Two and Three Year Survival of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030656. [PMID: 35158924 PMCID: PMC8833695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a mild to moderate, capacitive-coupled heating technology that uses amplitude modulation to enhance the cell-killing effects of the treatment. We present three year survival results and a cost effectiveness analysis from an ongoing randomised controlled Phase III trial involving 210 participants evaluating chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with/without mEHT, for the management of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in a resource constrained setting (Ethics Approval: M120477/M704133; ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT033320690). (2) Methods: We report hazard ratios (HR); odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival and disease free survival (DFS) at two and three years in the ongoing study. Late toxicity, quality of life (QoL), and a cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) using a Markov model are also reported. (3) Results: Disease recurrence at two and three years was significantly reduced by mEHT (HR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.48-0.93, p = 0.017; and HR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.51-0.98, p = 0.035; respectively). There were no significant differences in late toxicity between the groups, and QoL was significantly improved in the mEHT group. In the CEA, mEHT + CRT dominated the model over CRT alone. (4) Conclusions: CRT combined with mEHT improves QoL and DFS rates, and lowers treatment costs, without increasing toxicity in LACC patients, even in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Anne Minnaar
- Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (C.A.M.); (J.A.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wits Donald Gordon Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Innocent Maposa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Jeffrey Allan Kotzen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (C.A.M.); (J.A.K.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wits Donald Gordon Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (C.A.M.); (J.A.K.)
- Radiobiology, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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13
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Pumpalova YS, Segall L, Felli R, Bhatkhande G, Jacobson JS, Neugut AI. The Impact of HIV on Non-AIDS defining gastrointestinal malignancies: A review. Semin Oncol 2021; 48:226-235. [PMID: 34593219 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Although gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are not associated with HIV, their incidence is rising among PLWH, and yet little is known about how HIV affects their presentation, treatment and outcomes. METHODS We searched PubMed using "HIV" and "cancer", "esophageal cancer", "gastric cancer", "stomach cancer", "gastroesophageal cancer", "colorectal cancer", "colon cancer", or "rectal cancer". We included studies comparing an HIV-positive group (n ≥ 4) to an HIV-negative group, with respect to clinical presentation, treatment, or mortality of GI cancers. RESULTS Of 18 articles that met inclusion criteria, 17 were retrospective, and 13 described patients in the United States. At diagnosis with colorectal, but not pancreatic, gastric, or esophageal cancer, PLWH were younger than patients who were HIV-negative. PLWH did not present with more advanced stage GI cancers than patients who were HIV-negative. Compared to HIV-negative controls, PLWH with colorectal cancer had a higher proportion of right-sided versus left-sided colon cancers and a higher proportion of rectal versus colon cancers. Among patients diagnosed with colorectal or pancreatic cancer, PLWH were less likely to receive cancer treatment than other patients; no studies examined the association of HIV status with treatment for esophageal or gastric cancer. PLWH with GI malignancies had higher all-cause mortality compared to patients who were HIV-negative, but evidence for cancer-specific mortality was limited and mixed. CONCLUSION PLWH with GI malignancies were less likely to receive cancer treatment and had higher all-cause mortality than patients who were HIV-negative. Most of the studies focused on colorectal cancer; more studies are needed in pancreatic, gastric and esophageal cancer. Future studies should investigate the effects of HIV on cancer-specific mortality, especially among patients in low- and middle-income countries, including those with high HIV prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanna S Pumpalova
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY.
| | - Leslie Segall
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY
| | | | - Gauri Bhatkhande
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York NY; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York NY
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14
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O'Neil DS, Nxumalo S, Ngcamphalala C, Tharp G, Jacobson JS, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha H, Dlamini X, Pace LE, Neugut AI, Harris TG. Breast Cancer Early Detection in Eswatini: Evaluation of a Training Curriculum and Patient Receipt of Recommended Follow-Up Care. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:1349-1357. [PMID: 34491814 PMCID: PMC8423396 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. O'Neil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Sifiso Nxumalo
- ICAP at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | | | - G Tharp
- ICAP at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Lydia E. Pace
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Alfred I. Neugut
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Tiffany G. Harris
- ICAP at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
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15
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Motlana MK, Ginindza TG, Mitku AA, Jafta N. Spatial Distribution of Cancer Cases Seen in Three Major Public Hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Cancer Inform 2021; 20:11769351211028194. [PMID: 34285460 PMCID: PMC8261849 DOI: 10.1177/11769351211028194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like cancer are posing a challenge in the
health system especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In
South Africa, cancer is under-reported due to the lack of a comprehensive
cancer surveillance system. The limited knowledge on the extent of cancer
burden has led to inaccurate allocation of public health resources. The aim
of this study was to describe cancer incidence and spatial distribution of
cancer cases seen at 3 main public oncology facilities in KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: In this retrospective study, cases of cancer observed from year 2015 to 2017
were extracted from medical records. The crude incidence rate was estimated
for the total cancer cases and for different type of cancer reported over
that period. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) per 100 000 was
calculated per year using age groups and sex according to the district
population data of KwaZulu-Natal. The comparisons of cancer diagnosed
incidences were made between 11 districts using the ASR. Choropleth spatial
maps and Moran’s Index were used to assess the ASR cancer spatial
distribution along with geographical patterns among the districts. One
sample chi-square test was used to assess the significant increase/decrease
over time. Results: The study lost numerous cases due to incompleteness. A total of 4909 new
cases were diagnosed with cancer during 2015 to 2017, 62% of which were
female. Both uMgungundlovu and eThekwini districts had the highest ASR among
district municipalities of KwaZulu-Natal for both male and female (83.6 per
100 000 per men year for men, 158.2 per 100 000 women per year, and 60.1 per
100 000 men per year and 96.9 per 100 000 women per year, respectively).
Random distribution of reported cancer cases in KwaZulu-Natal was observed
with a high concentration being in and around 2 metropolitan districts.
Spatial variation showed a significant difference from year to year between
the districts with the random spatial distribution. Overall, there was a
significant decline of cancer incidences observed from 2015 to 2017
(P < .05) in the province. Conclusion: The overall cancer incidence in the study shows that female cancers (breast
and cervical) are still on the rise and still need to be given priority as
they were most prevalent in KwaZulu-Natal. Spatial analysis (choropleth
maps) was used to show a pattern of higher concentration of cancer incidence
in the north-western parts of the province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mpho Ktn Motlana
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Themba G Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Aweke A Mitku
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Statistics, Science College, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Nkosana Jafta
- Discipline of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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16
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Brandão M, Bruzzone M, Franzoi MA, De Angelis C, Eiger D, Caparica R, Piccart-Gebhart M, Buisseret L, Ceppi M, Dauby N, Carrilho C, Lunet N, de Azambuja E, Lambertini M. Impact of HIV infection on baseline characteristics and survival of women with breast cancer. AIDS 2021; 35:605-618. [PMID: 33394680 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As women living with HIV (WLWH) become older, their risk of developing breast cancer increases. Nonetheless, literature is conflicting regarding tumor stage, distribution of subtypes and overall survival among WLWH vs. HIV-negative women with breast cancer. We assessed differences in clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival between these two groups. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis using MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, SciELO and conference abstracts up to 1 January 2020. Cross-sectional/cohort studies comparing baseline characteristics (stage and/or subtypes) and/or overall survival of WLWH vs. HIV-negative women with breast cancer were included. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary statistics and subgroup analyses according to region of the world. RESULTS Eighteen studies [4 from North America, 14 from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)] were included, with 3174 WLWH and 2 394 598 HIV-negative women. WLWH from North America and SSA were more likely to present with stage III/IV disease compared with HIV-negative women - pooled odds ratio (pOR) 1.76 [95% confidence interval (CI):1.58-1.95] and pOR 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06-1.42), respectively. WLWH from SSA were also less likely to have estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative tumors (pOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66-0.99). After adjustment, WLWH had worse overall survival compared with HIV-negative women, both in North America [pooled adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.45; 95% CI: 1.11-5.41] and SSA (aHR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.06-1.92). CONCLUSION Compared with HIV-negative women, WLWH are diagnosed with breast cancer at a more advanced stage and have a worse overall survival. These results should raise awareness regarding the detection and survival gap among WLWH with breast cancer and further studies are needed to decipher the reasons behind these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brandão
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria-Alice Franzoi
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Claudia De Angelis
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Daniel Eiger
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rafael Caparica
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurence Buisseret
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicolas Dauby
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Haute, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Rue Adrienne Bolland, Gosselies
- Centre for Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Carla Carrilho
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University Eduardo Mondlane, Avenida Salvador Allende
- Department of Pathology, Maputo Central Hospital, Avenida Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, Genova, Italy
- University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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17
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A prognostic study of patients with cervical cancer and HIV/AIDS in Bangkok, Thailand. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2020; 34:100669. [PMID: 33251314 PMCID: PMC7680700 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2020.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Favorable prognostic factors were a civil servant medical benefit plan and higher education. Advanced disease was a significant prognostic factor for shorter survival. HIV/AIDS status was not a significant prognostic factor for longer survival.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers of women. In Thailand, the incidence and death rate of cervical cancer are 18.1 and 5.7 per 100,000 women, respectively. Disease progresses faster in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, limited data are available for Thailand. Here we determined the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and identified factors affecting survival. We reviewed medical records of women infected with HIV with cervical cancer treated at Ramathibodi Hospital from 2007 through 2014. Demographic and clinical data were collected upon diagnosis. We used the Kaplan–Meier method and a Cox proportional hazards model to evaluate the association of overall survival (OS) with risk factors. The mean, median and range of ages at diagnosis of the 1,362 subjects were 53.9 years, 53.0 years and 20–94 years, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in patients with cervical cancer was 2.3% and 5-year survival was 61.2%. Multivariable analysis revealed that favourable prognostic factors were a civil servant medical benefit plan and higher education. Advanced cervical cancer was a poor prognostic factor. Prognosis of women with stage III and IV cervical cancer was extremely poor (HR = 7.25 (95%CI: 4.39–11.98)) in stage III and HR = 20.57 (95%CI: 11.59–36.53) in stage IV). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with (74.2%, 67.6%, and 63.6%, respectively) or without (87.4%, 71.3% and 63.7%, respectively) HIV/AIDS were not significantly different.
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18
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Nietz S, O'Neil DS, Ayeni O, Chen WC, Joffe M, Jacobson JS, Neugut AI, Ruff P, Mapanga W, Buccimazza I, Singh U, Čačala S, Stopforth L, Phakathi B, Chirwa T, Cubasch H. A comparison of complete pathologic response rates following neoadjuvant chemotherapy among South African breast cancer patients with and without concurrent HIV infection. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 184:861-872. [PMID: 32875480 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among patients diagnosed with breast cancer (BC), women also living with HIV (WLWH) have worse survival than women without HIV. Chronic HIV infection may interfere with the effectiveness of BC treatment, contributing to this disparity. We attempted to determine the impact of HIV infection on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) among South African women with BC. METHODS We evaluated women from the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes cohort study who had stage I-III disease, initiated NACT, underwent definitive breast surgery, and had available surgical pathology reports. We compared pathologic complete response (pCR) rates among women with and without HIV infection, using multivariable logistic regression to control for differences in tumor characteristics. We also evaluated the impact of HIV infection on pCR within subgroups based on patient and tumor factors. RESULTS Of 715 women, the 173 (24.2%) WLWH were less likely to achieve pCR than women without HIV (8.7% vs 16.4%, [odds ratio (OR) 0.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.27-0.86]). WLWH continued to have lower likelihood of achieving pCR on multivariable analysis (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.98). A similar pattern was seen within subgroups, although HIV infection appeared to affect pCR more in ER/PR-positive BC (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.71) than in ER/PR-negative BC (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.39-2.29). CONCLUSION WLWH were less like to achieve pCR following NACT for BC than women without HIV. This reduced response to systemic therapy may contribute to the poorer BC outcomes seen in WLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nietz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Daniel S O'Neil
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, 1121 NW 14th Street, SMOB, Rm 245B, Miami, FL, 33150, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.
| | - Oluwatosin Ayeni
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.,National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 9 Jubilee Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.,South Africa Medical Research Council Common Epithelial Cancers Research Centre, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, Room 732, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th Street, Room 732, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Medical Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 W 168th Street, Room 725, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Paul Ruff
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Ines Buccimazza
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville, Durban, 4058, South Africa
| | - Urishka Singh
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Private Bag X03, Mayville, Durban, 4058, South Africa
| | - Sharon Čačala
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu Natal, Townbush Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3100, KZN, South Africa.,Department of Surgery, Ngwelezana Hospital, Thanduyise Road, Empangeni, 3880, KZN, South Africa
| | - Laura Stopforth
- Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Grey's Hospital, University of KwaZulu Natal, Townbush Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3100, KZN, South Africa
| | - Boitumelo Phakathi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Tobias Chirwa
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 27 St Andrews Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 7 York Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, Gauteng, South Africa.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium (PTY) Ltd, 31 Princess of Wales Terrace, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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19
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McCormack V, McKenzie F, Foerster M, Zietsman A, Galukande M, Adisa C, Anele A, Parham G, Pinder LF, Cubasch H, Joffe M, Beaney T, Quaresma M, Togawa K, Abedi-Ardekani B, Anderson BO, Schüz J, Dos-Santos-Silva I. Breast cancer survival and survival gap apportionment in sub-Saharan Africa (ABC-DO): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Glob Health 2020; 8:e1203-e1212. [PMID: 32827482 PMCID: PMC7450275 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women in sub-Saharan Africa, yet there are few well characterised large-scale survival studies with complete follow-up data. We aimed to provide robust survival estimates in women in this setting and apportion the survival gaps. METHODS The African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) prospective cohort study was done at eight hospitals across five sub-Saharan African countries (Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, and Zambia). We prospectively recruited women (aged ≥18 years) who attended these hospitals with suspected breast cancer. Women were actively followed up by use of a telephone call once every 3 months, and a mobile health application was used to keep a dynamic record of follow-up calls due. We collected detailed sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment data. The primary outcome was 3-year overall survival, analysed by use of flexible proportional mortality models, and we predicted survival under scenarios of modified distributions of risk factors. FINDINGS Between Sept 8, 2014, and Dec 31, 2017, 2313 women were recruited from these eight hospitals, of whom 85 did not have breast cancer. Of the remaining 2228 women with breast cancer, 58 women with previous treatment or recurrence, and 14 women from small racial groups (white and Asian women in South Africa), were excluded. Of the 2156 women analysed, 1840 (85%) were histologically confirmed, 129 (6%) were cytologically confirmed, and 187 (9%) were clinically confirmed to have breast cancer. 2156 (97%) women were followed up for up to 3 years or up to Jan 1, 2019, whichever was earlier. Up to this date, 879 (41%) of these women had died, 1118 (52%) were alive, and 159 (7%) were censored early. 3-year overall survival was 50% (95% CI 48-53), but we observed variations in 3-year survival between different races in Namibia (from 90% in white women to 56% in Black women) and in South Africa (from 76% in mixed-race women to 59% in Black women), and between different countries (44-47% in Uganda and Zambia vs 36% in Nigeria). 215 (10%) of all women had died within 6 months of diagnosis, but 3-year overall survival remained low in women who survived to this timepoint (58%). Among survival determinants, improvements in early diagnosis and treatment were predicted to contribute to the largest increases in survival, with a combined absolute increase in survival of up to 22% in Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda, when compared with the contributions of other factors (such as HIV or aggressive subtypes). INTERPRETATION Large variations in breast cancer survival in sub-Saharan African countries indicate that improvements are possible. At least a third of the projected 416 000 breast cancer deaths that will occur in this region in the next decade could be prevented through achievable downstaging and improvements in treatment. Improving survival in socially disadvantaged women warrants special attention. FUNDING Susan G Komen and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie McCormack
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Milena Foerster
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Annelle Zietsman
- AB May Cancer Centre, Windhoek Central Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Moses Galukande
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Adisa
- Department of Surgery, Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria
| | - Angelica Anele
- Breast Oncology Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Groesbeck Parham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leeya F Pinder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Newborn Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Division, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Division, Wits Health Consortium, Johannesburg, South Africa; MRC Developmental Pathways to Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Beaney
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Manuela Quaresma
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kayo Togawa
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Benjamin O Anderson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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20
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Silas OA, Musa J, Afolaranmi TO, Sagay AS, Evans CT, Achenbach CJ, Hou L, Murphy RL. Predictors of Mortality From a Population-Based Cancer Registry Data in Jos, Nigeria: A Resource-Limited Setting. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:227. [PMID: 32582731 PMCID: PMC7287203 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is a well-documented fact that world-wide cancer incidence and mortality remains high in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected population despite potent antiretroviral therapy. With the current capture of HIV status of cancer patients in our cancer registry at Jos Nigeria, this study aims to assess the effect of HIV on cancer mortality outcomes. Methodology: We conducted a 2-year retrospective cohort study of cancer registry data from Jos, north central Nigeria. The cancers were grouped into cervical, breast, liver, hematologic, colonic, AIDS defining, prostate and others in this study. Patients were followed up to determine their patient time contribution from time at initiation of cancer treatment to death or the end of study period. Those lost to follow-up were censored at date of their last known follow-up in clinic. Results: Out of 930 cancer cases evaluated, 52 (5.6%) were HIV positive, 507 (54.5%) were HIV negative and 371 (39.9%) did not know their HIV status. After 525,223 person- days of follow-up, there were 232 deaths leading to a crude mortality rate of 4.3 per 10,000 person-days. Median survival probability for both HIV-infected and HIV uninfected patients were equal (1,013 days). Unadjusted hazard of death was associated with greater age, HR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98,0.99, p = 0.002); hepatitis virus, HR 2.40 (95% CI: 1.69,3.43, p = 0.001); liver cancer, HR 2.25 (95% CI:1.11,4.55, p = 0.024); prostate cancer, HR 0.17 (95% CI: 0.06,0.393, p = 0.001). In an adjusted model, only prostate cancer AHR 0.23 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.42, p < 0.001) and liver cancer AHR 2.45 (95% CI: 1.78, 5.51, p < 0.001) remained significantly associated with death regardless of HIV status. Conclusion: Having liver cancer increases risk for mortality among our cancer patients. Screening, early detection and treatment are therefore key to improving dismal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonah Musa
- Department of Pathology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Chad J Achenbach
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lifang Hou
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert Leo Murphy
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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21
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Youngblood VM, Nyirenda R, Nyasosela R, Zuze T, Yang Y, Kudowa E, Moses A, Kincaid J, Kajombo C, Kampani C, Chimzimu F, Mulenga M, Chilima C, Ellis GK, Seguin R, Chagomerana M, Maine R, Jordan S, Charles A, Lee C, Gopal S, Tomoka T. Outcomes and prognostic factors for women with breast cancer in Malawi. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:393-402. [PMID: 32124187 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is increasing, and SSA has the highest age-standardized breast cancer mortality rate worldwide. However, high-quality breast cancer data are limited in SSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined breast cancer patient and tumor characteristics among women in Lilongwe, Malawi and evaluated risk factor associations with patient outcomes. We consecutively enrolled 100 women ≥ 18 years with newly diagnosed, pathologically confirmed breast cancer into a prospective longitudinal cohort with systematically assessed demographic data, HIV status, and clinical characteristics. Tumor subtypes were further determined by immunohistochemistry, overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and hazards ratios (HR) were calculated by Cox proportional hazard analyses. RESULTS Of the 100 participants, median age was 49 years, 19 were HIV-positive, and 75 presented with late stage (III/IV) disease. HER2-enriched and triple-negative/basal-like subtypes represented 17% and 25% tumors, respectively. One-year OS for the cohort was 74% (95% CI 62-83%). Multivariable analyses revealed mortality was associated with HIV (HR, 5.15; 95% CI 1.58-16.76; p = 0.006), stage IV disease (HR, 8.86; 95% CI 1.07-73.25; p = 0.043), and HER2-enriched (HR, 7.46; 95% CI 1.21-46.07; p = 0.031), and triple-negative subtypes (HR, 7.80; 95% CI 1.39-43.69; p = 0.020). CONCLUSION Late stage presentation, HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes, and HIV coinfection were overrepresented in our cohort relative to resource-rich settings and were associated with mortality. These findings highlight robust opportunities for population- and patient-level interventions across the entire cascade of care to improve breast cancer outcomes in low-income countries in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Youngblood
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | - Takondwa Zuze
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Yi Yang
- Aventura Hospital, Aventura, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Kincaid
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Fred Chimzimu
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | - Grace K Ellis
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Ryan Seguin
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Maganizo Chagomerana
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Rebecca Maine
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sheryl Jordan
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Anthony Charles
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Clara Lee
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Satish Gopal
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi. .,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Tamiwe Tomoka
- UNC-Project Malawi, Private Bag A-104, Lilongwe, Malawi. .,University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
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22
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Chhatre S, Schapira M, Metzger DS, Jayadevappa R. Association between HIV infection and outcomes of care among medicare enrollees with breast cancer. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 17:100205. [PMID: 31891138 PMCID: PMC6933147 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the interaction of breast cancer, HIV infection, Medicare disability status, cancer stage and its implications for outcomes, after accounting for competing risks among female, fee-for-service Medicare enrollees. METHODS We used data from Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) -Medicare (2000-2013). From primary female breast cancer cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2011, we identified those with HIV infection. We used Generalized Linear Model for phase-specific incremental cost of HIV, Cox regression for association between HIV and all-cause mortality, and Fine and Gray competing risk models to assess hazard of breast cancer-specific mortality by HIV status. We also studied this association for subgroups of cancer stage and disability status. FINDINGS Of 164,080 eligible cases of breast cancer, 176 had HIV infection. Compared to HIV-uninfected patients, HIV infected patients had 16% higher cost in initial phase, and 80% higher cost in interim stage of care, and at least two times higher mortality (all-cause and breast cancer-specific), after accounting for competing risk. Among disabled enrollees, HIV-infected patients had higher risk of all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality, compared to HIV-uninfected patients. INTERPRETATION Female fee-for-service Medicare enrollees with breast cancer experience higher initial and interim phase cost and worse survival in the presence of HIV. This association was also significant among disabled Medicare enrollees. Medicare is the single largest source of federal financing for HIV care. Burden on Medicare will grow exponentially due to higher proportion of disabled among HIV-infected enrollees, longer survival among HIV- infected persons, increased HIV incidence in older adults, and increased age related risk of breast cancer. Future research can identify the pathways via which HIV infection affects cost and mortality, and develop integrated strategies for effective management of concomitant breast cancer and HIV and inform survivorship guidelines. FUNDING National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Grant # R21AG34870-1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Chhatre
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Marilyn Schapira
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David S. Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ravishankar Jayadevappa
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania United States
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23
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Minnaar CA, Kotzen JA, Ayeni OA, Naidoo T, Tunmer M, Sharma V, Vangu MDT, Baeyens A. The effect of modulated electro-hyperthermia on local disease control in HIV-positive and -negative cervical cancer women in South Africa: Early results from a phase III randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217894. [PMID: 31216321 PMCID: PMC6584021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global burden of cervical cancer remains high with the highest morbidity and mortality rates reported in developing countries. Hyperthermia as a chemo- and radiosensitiser has shown to improve treatment outcomes. This is an analysis of the local control results at six months post-treatment of patients enrolled in an ongoing study investigating the effects of the addition of modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) to chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of HIV-positive and -negative cervical cancer patients in a low-resource setting. METHODS This ongoing Phase III randomised controlled trial, conducted at a state hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, was registered with the appropriate ethics committee. After signing an informed consent, participants with FIGO stages IIB to IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were randomised to receive chemoradiotherapy with/without mEHT using a secure online random-sampling tool (stratum: HIV status) accounting for age and stage. Reporting physicians were blind to treatment allocation. HIV-positive participants on antiretroviral treatment, or with a CD4 count >200cell/μL were included. mEHT was administered 2/weekly immediately before external beam radiation. The primary end point is local disease control (LDC) and secondary endpoints are toxicity; quality of life analysis; and two year survival. We report on six month LDC, including nodes visualised in the radiation field on 18F-FDG PET/CT (censored for six month survival), and six month local disease free survival (LDFS) (based on intention to treat). Trial status: Recruitment closed (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03332069). RESULTS 271 participants were recruited between January 2014 and November 2017, of which 210 were randomised for trial and 202 were available for analysis at six months post-treatment (mEHT: n = 101; Control: n = 101). Six month LDFS was higher in the mEHT Group (n = 39[38.6%]), than in the Control Group (n = 20[19.8%]); p = 0.003). LDC was also higher in the mEHT Group (n = 40[45.5%]) than the Control Group (n = 20[24.1%]); (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our results show that mEHT is effective as a chemo-radiosensitiser for cervical cancer, even in high risk a patients and resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Anne Minnaar
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiobiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Allan Kotzen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Olusegun Akinwale Ayeni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thanushree Naidoo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mariza Tunmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Oncology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mboyo-Di-Tamba Vangu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Nuclear Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiobiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Radiobiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Low DH, Phipps W, Orem J, Casper C, Bender Ignacio RA. Engagement in HIV Care and Access to Cancer Treatment Among Patients With HIV-Associated Malignancies in Uganda. J Glob Oncol 2019; 5:1-8. [PMID: 30763144 PMCID: PMC6426497 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.18.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Health system constraints limit access to HIV and cancer treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Limited access and continuity of care affect morbidity and mortality of patients with cancer and HIV. We assessed barriers in the care cascade of comorbid HIV and cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Structured interviews were conducted with 100 adult patients with HIV infection and new diagnoses of cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Participants completed follow-up questionnaires after 1 year to assess ongoing engagement with and barriers to care. RESULTS The median time from new-onset cancer symptoms to initiation of cancer care at the Uganda Cancer Institute was 209 days (interquartile range, 113 to 384 days). Persons previously established in HIV care waited less overall to initiate cancer care ( P = .04). Patients established in HIV care experienced shorter times from initial symptoms to seeking of cancer care ( P = .02) and from seeking of care to cancer diagnosis ( P = .048). Barriers to receiving care for HIV and cancer included difficulty traveling to multiple clinics/hospitals (46%), conflicts between HIV and cancer appointments (23%), prohibitive costs (21%), and difficulty adhering to medications (15%). Reporting of any barriers to care was associated with premature discontinuation of cancer treatment ( P = .003). CONCLUSION Patients with HIV-associated malignancies reported multiple barriers to receiving care for both conditions, although knowledge of HIV status and engagement in HIV care before presentation with malignancy reduced subsequent time to the start of cancer treatment. This study provides evidence to support creation and evaluation of integrated HIV and cancer care models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Low
- Swedish Family Medicine Residency at Cherry Hill, Seattle, WA
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Warren Phipps
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jackson Orem
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Corey Casper
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Rachel A Bender Ignacio
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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McCormack VA, Febvey-Combes O, Ginsburg O, Dos-Santos-Silva I. Breast cancer in women living with HIV: A first global estimate. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2732-2740. [PMID: 29992553 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing population of older women living with HIV/AIDS (WLWHA). Breast cancer is a common cancer in women worldwide, but the global number of breast cancers in WLWHA is not known. We estimated, for each UN sub-region, the number and age distribution of WLWHA who were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2012, by combining IARC-GLOBOCAN estimates of age-country specific breast cancer incidence with corresponding UNAIDS HIV prevalence. Primary analyses assumed no HIV-breast cancer association, and a breast cancer risk reduction scenario was also considered. Among 16.0 million WLWHA aged 15+ years, an estimated 6,325 WLWHA were diagnosed with breast cancer in 2012, 74% of whom were in sub-Saharan Africa, equally distributed between Eastern, Southern and Western Africa. In most areas, 70% of HIV-positive breast cancers were diagnosed under age 50. Among all breast cancers (regardless of HIV status), HIV-positive women constituted less than 1% of the clinical burden, except in Eastern, Western and Middle Africa where they comprised 4-6% of under age 50 year old breast cancer patients, and in Southern Africa where this patient subgroup constituted 26 and 8% of breast cancers diagnosed under and over age 50 respectively. If a deficit of breast cancer occurs in WLWHA, the global estimate would reduce to 3,600. In conclusion, worldwide, the number of HIV-positive women diagnosed with breast cancer was already substantial in 2012 and with an expected increase within the next decade, early detection and treatment research targeted to this population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A McCormack
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Olivia Febvey-Combes
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Wanyenze RK, Bwanika JB, Beyeza-Kashesya J, Mugerwa S, Arinaitwe J, Matovu JKB, Gwokyalya V, Kasozi D, Bukenya J, Makumbi F. Uptake and correlates of cervical cancer screening among HIV-infected women attending HIV care in Uganda. Glob Health Action 2018; 10:1380361. [PMID: 29035163 PMCID: PMC5678455 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1380361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women are at high risk of cervical cancer. Objective: This study assessed uptake and correlates of cervical screening among HIV-infected women in care in Uganda. Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey of HIV-infected women in care was conducted from August to November 2016. Structured interviews were conducted with 5198 women aged 15–49 years, from 245 HIV clinics. Knowledge and uptake of cervical screening and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination were determined. Correlates of cervical screening were assessed with modified Poisson regression to obtain prevalence ratios (PRs) using Stata version 12.0. Results: Overall, 94.0% (n = 4858) had ever heard of cervical screening and 66% (n = 3732) knew a screening site. However, 47.4% (n = 2302) did not know the schedule for screening and 50% (n = 2409) did not know the symptoms of cervical cancer. One-third (33.7%; n = 1719) rated their risk of cervical cancer as low. Uptake of screening was 30.3% (n = 1561). Women who had never been screened cited lack of information (29.6%; n = 1059) and no time (25.5%; n = 913) as the main reasons. Increased likelihood of screening was associated with receipt of HIV care at a level II health center [adj. PR 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–2.76] and private facilities (adj. PR 1.68, 95% CI 1.16–3.21), knowledge of cervical screening (adj. PR 2.19, 95% CI 1.78–2.70), where to go for screening (adj. PR 6.47, 95% CI 3.69–11.36), and low perception of risk (adj. PR 1.52, 95% CI 1.14–2.03). HPV vaccination was 2%. Conclusions: Cervical screening and HPV vaccination uptake were very low among HIV-infected women in care in Uganda. Improved knowledge of cervical screening schedules and sites, and addressing fears and risk perception may increase uptake of cervical screening in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda K Wanyenze
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - John Baptist Bwanika
- b Department of Epidemiology and Statistics , Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya
- b Department of Epidemiology and Statistics , Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Shaban Mugerwa
- c AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Jim Arinaitwe
- d Global Fund Focal Coordination Office, Ministry of Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Joseph K B Matovu
- e Department of Community Health, Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Violet Gwokyalya
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Dickson Kasozi
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Justine Bukenya
- a Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
| | - Fred Makumbi
- b Department of Epidemiology and Statistics , Makerere University School of Public Health , Kampala , Uganda
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Menon MP, Coghill A, Mutyaba IO, Phipps WT, Okuku FM, Harlan JM, Orem J, Casper C. Association Between HIV Infection and Cancer Stage at Presentation at the Uganda Cancer Institute. J Glob Oncol 2018; 4:1-9. [PMID: 30241147 PMCID: PMC6180750 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The HIV epidemic has contributed to the increasing incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, where most patients with cancer present at an advanced stage. However, improved access to HIV care and treatment centers in sub-Saharan Africa may facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer among patients who are HIV positive. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the stage of cancer and evaluated the factors associated with advanced stage at presentation among patients in Uganda. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients with any of four specific cancers who presented for care in Kampala, Uganda, between 2003 and 2010. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were abstracted from the medical record, together with the outcome measure of advanced stage of disease (clinical stage III or IV). We identified measures for inclusion in a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS We analyzed 731 patients with both AIDS-defining cancers (cervical [43.1%], and non-Hodgkin lymphoma [18.3%]), and non-AIDS-defining cancers (breast [30.0%] and Hodgkin lymphoma [8.6%]). Nearly 80% of all patients presented at an advanced stage and 37% had HIV infection. More than 90% of patients were symptomatic and the median duration of symptoms before presentation was 5 months. In the multivariate model, HIV-positive patients were less likely to present at an advanced stage as were patients with higher hemoglobin and fewer symptoms. CONCLUSION Patients with limited access to primary care may present with advanced cancer because of a delay in diagnosis. However, patients with HIV now have better access to clinical care. Use of this growing infrastructure to increase cancer screening and referral is promising and deserves continued support, because the prognosis of HIV-positive patients with advanced cancer is characterized by poor survival globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P. Menon
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
- Corresponding author: Manoj P. Menon, MD, MPH, 1100
Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109; e-mail:
| | - Anna Coghill
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
| | - Innocent O. Mutyaba
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
| | - Warren T. Phipps
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred M. Okuku
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
| | - John M. Harlan
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jackson Orem
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
| | - Corey Casper
- Manoj P. Menon, Anna Coghill, Warren
T. Phipps, and Corey Casper, Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center; Manoj P. Menon, Warren T. Phipps,
John M. Harlan, and Corey Casper, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA; and Innocent O. Mutyaba, Fred M.
Okuku, and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute,
Kampala, Uganda
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Milligan MG, Bigger E, Abramson JS, Sohani AR, Zola M, Kayembe MK, Medhin H, Suneja G, Lockman S, Chabner BA, Dryden-Peterson SL. Impact of HIV Infection on the Clinical Presentation and Survival of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Prospective Observational Study From Botswana. J Glob Oncol 2018; 4:1-11. [PMID: 30241264 PMCID: PMC6223476 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Botswana has a high prevalence of HIV infection. Currently, there are few data regarding the sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)-an AIDS-defining cancer-in the country. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study used a prospective cancer registry to identify patients with a new diagnosis of NHL reporting for specialty cancer care at three hospitals in Botswana between October 2010 and August 2016. Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS One hundred four patients with a new diagnosis of NHL were enrolled in this study, 72% of whom had HIV infection. Compared with patients not infected with HIV, patients infected with HIV were younger (median age, 53.9 v 39.1 years; P = .001) and more likely to present with an aggressive subtype of NHL (65.5% v 84.0%; P = .008). All patients infected with HIV received combined antiretroviral therapy throughout the course of the study, and similar chemotherapeutic regimens were recommended for all patients, regardless of subtype or HIV status (six to eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone plus rituximab). There was no difference in 1-year mortality among patients not infected with HIV and patients infected with HIV (unadjusted analysis, 52.9% v 37.1%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; P = .33; adjusted analysis, HR, 0.57; P = .14). However, when compared with a cohort of patients in the United States matched by subtype, stage, age, sex, and race, patients in Botswana fared worse (1-year mortality, 22.8% v 46.3%; HR, 1.89; P = .001). CONCLUSION Among patients with NHL reporting for specialty cancer care in Botswana, there is no association between HIV status and 1-year survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Milligan
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Elizabeth Bigger
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jeremy S. Abramson
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Aliyah R. Sohani
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Musimar Zola
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Mukendi K.A. Kayembe
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Heluf Medhin
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Gita Suneja
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Bruce A. Chabner
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Scott L. Dryden-Peterson
- Michael G. Milligan, Jeremy S. Abramson,
Aliyah R. Sohani, Shahin Lockman, Bruce A.
Chabner, and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Harvard Medical
School; Elizabeth Bigger, Jeremy S. Abramson, and
Aliyah R. Sohani, Massachusetts General Hospital; Shahin
Lockman and Scott L. Dryden-Peterson, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston,
MA; Michael G. Milligan, Elizabeth Bigger,
Shahin Lockman, Bruce A. Chabner, and Scott
L. Dryden-Peterson, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership;
Musimar Zola, Princess Marina Hospital; Mukendi K.A. Kayembe and
Heluf Medhin, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana;
and Gita Suneja, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Noncommunicable diseases among HIV-infected persons in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS 2018; 32 Suppl 1:S5-S20. [PMID: 29952786 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To appropriately identify and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), it is imperative to understand the burden of NCDs among PLHIV in LMICs and the current management of the diseases. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We examined peer-reviewed literature published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016 to assess currently available evidence regarding HIV and four selected NCDs (cardiovascular disease, cervical cancer, depression, and diabetes) in LMICs with a focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The databases, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Review, and Scopus, were searched to identify relevant literature. For conditions with adequate data available, pooled estimates for prevalence were generated using random fixed effects models. RESULTS Six thousand one hundred and forty-three abstracts were reviewed, 377 had potentially relevant prevalence data and 141 were included in the summary; 57 were selected for quantitative analysis. Pooled estimates for NCD prevalence were hypertension 21.2% (95% CI 16.3-27.1), hypercholesterolemia 22.2% (95% CI 14.7-32.1), elevated low-density lipoprotein 23.2% (95% CI 15.2-33.6), hypertriglyceridemia 27.2% (95% CI 20.7-34.8), low high-density lipoprotein 52.3% (95% CI 35.6-62.8), obesity 7.8% (95% CI 4.3-13.9), and depression 24.4% (95% CI 12.5-42.1). Invasive cervical cancer and diabetes prevalence were 1.3-1.7 and 1.3-18%, respectively. Few NCD-HIV integrated programs with screening and management approaches that are contextually appropriate for resource-limited settings exist. CONCLUSION Improved data collection and surveillance of NCDs among PLHIV in LMICs are necessary to inform integrated HIV/NCD care models. Although efforts to integrate care exist, further research is needed to optimize the efficacy of these programs.
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30
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Menon M, Coghill A, Mutyaba I, Okuku F, Phipps W, Harlan J, Orem J, Casper C. Whom to treat? Factors associated with chemotherapy recommendations and outcomes among patients with NHL at the Uganda Cancer Institute. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191967. [PMID: 29389998 PMCID: PMC5794100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer treatment options in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce despite an increasing burden of disease. Identification of those cancer patients who would benefit most from the limited resources available would allow broader and more effective therapy. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients over the age of 18 at the time of a pathologic diagnosis of NHL between 2003 and 2010 who were residents of Kyandondo County (Uganda) and presented to the Uganda Cancer Institute for care. Results A total of 128 patients were included in this analysis. Chemotherapy was recommended to 117 (91.4%) of the patients; the odds of recommending chemotherapy decreased for each additional month of reported symptoms prior to diagnosis. Of the 117 patients to whom chemotherapy was recommended, 111 (86.7%) patients received at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy; HIV infected patients, as well as those with a lower hemoglobin and advanced disease at the time of diagnosis were significantly less likely to complete therapy. Among the patients who initiated chemotherapy, twenty patients died prior to treatment completion (including nine who died within 30 days). Hemoglobin level at the time of presentation was the only variable associated with early mortality in the adjusted model. Conclusion In resource-poor areas, it is essential to align health care expenditures with interventions likely to provide benefit to affected populations. Targeting cancer therapy to those with a favorable chance of responding will not only save limited resources, but will also prevent harm in those patients unlikely to realize an effect of cancer-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Menon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Coghill
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Innocent Mutyaba
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Hutchinson Centre Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Okuku
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Hutchinson Centre Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Warren Phipps
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Hutchinson Centre Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Harlan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jackson Orem
- Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
- Hutchinson Centre Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Corey Casper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Cubasch H, Dickens C, Joffe M, Duarte R, Murugan N, Tsai Chih M, Moodley K, Sharma V, Ayeni O, Jacobson JS, Neugut AI, McCormack V, Ruff P. Breast cancer survival in Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa: A receptor-defined cohort of women diagnosed from 2009 to 11. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 52:120-127. [PMID: 29306221 PMCID: PMC6127863 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Africa's public healthcare system is better equipped to manage breast cancer than most other SSA countries, but survival rates are unknown. METHODS A historical cohort of 602 women newly diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma during 2009-2011 at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, Johannesburg, was followed using health systems data to December 2014. 'Overall survival' time was defined from diagnosis to death or terminal illness. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) associated with woman and tumour characteristics. RESULTS During a median 2.1 years follow-up (IQR 0.5-3.8), 149 women died or were classified terminally ill; 287 were lost-to-follow-up. 3-year survival was 84% for early stage (I/II) and 56% for late stage (III/IV) tumours (late v early: HR 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-4.1), however the 42% cumulative losses to follow-up over this period were greater for late stage, half of which occurred within 6 months of diagnosis. After mutual adjustment for stage, grade, age, receptor subtype and HIV status, lower survival was also associated with triple negative (HR 3.1 (95% CI: 1.9-5.0)) and HER2-enriched (2.5 (95% CI: 1.4-4.5)) compared to ER/PR+ HER2- tumours, but not with age or HIV-infection (1.4 (95% CI: 0.8, 2.3)). CONCLUSION In this South African cohort, breast cancer survival is suboptimal, but was better for early stage and hormone receptor-positive tumours. Efforts to reduce clinic losses in the immediate post-diagnosis period, in addition to early presentation and accelerated diagnosis and treatment, are needed to prevent breast cancer deaths, and survival improvements need to be monitored using prospective studies with active follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Batho Pele Breast Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, 26 Chris Hani Road, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa; Wits Health Consortium, University of Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Ave, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Caroline Dickens
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Batho Pele Breast Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, 26 Chris Hani Road, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa; Wits Health Consortium, University of Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Ave, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Nivashni Murugan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Batho Pele Breast Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, 26 Chris Hani Road, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa
| | - Ming Tsai Chih
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Batho Pele Breast Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, 26 Chris Hani Road, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa
| | - Kiashanee Moodley
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Wits Health Consortium, University of Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Ave, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Department of Radiation Oncology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin Ayeni
- Batho Pele Breast Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, 26 Chris Hani Road, Diepkloof, Johannesburg, 1864, South Africa; Wits Health Consortium, University of Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Ave, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Paul Ruff
- Wits Health Consortium, University of Witwatersrand, 8 Blackwood Ave, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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Adriane K, Jeff O. Head and Neck Cancers Case Control Study of HIV Positive Compared to Negative Patients in a Ugandan Population Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:20-25. [PMID: 32051919 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20170304.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased availability of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a change in the spectrum of neoplastic diseases affecting people living with HIV. Some cancers such as invasive cervical carcinoma and anal cancers have not changed or instead risen while others such as Kaporsi's sarcoma have seen a sharp decline. The aim of this study was to compare clinical findings at presentation between HIV positive and Negative patients with head and neck cancers using a retrospective case control design. The study was done at the Uganda cancer Institute by performing a manual match of records in the head and neck cancer database at a ratio of 1:2 cases: controls. The matching was done on the age group, gender and diagnosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics between HIV positive and HIV negative head and neck cancer patients were compared using chi square and a multinomial model including ECOG performance score, stage, grade and duration group was run. In the multinomial regression only duration group was significant with the HIV positive patients being more likely to present after a longer duration of the symptoms than HIV negative patients (OR=0.42 CI 0.20-0.86 p=0.02). The data does not show statistically significant difference between HIV positive and HIV negative head and neck cancer patients in terms of presentation at time of diagnosis except for duration of symptoms group. This study clearly demonstrates the need for more research on head and neck cancer in Africa in the context of HIV/AIDS, since the reasons for the high HIV prevalence among this cohort of patients hasn't been established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otiti Jeff
- Department of Surgery, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
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Blumenthal MJ, Ujma S, Katz AA, Schäfer G. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes for the Development of Pathogen-Associated Cancers in the Face of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2368. [PMID: 29238337 PMCID: PMC5712558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of HIV to the development of pathogen-associated cancers has long been recognized, as has the contribution of type 2 diabetes for the development of several types of cancer. While HIV/AIDS-associated immunosuppression reduces immunosurveillance and indirectly contributes favorably to cancerogenesis, diabetes directly increases cancer development due to chronic low-grade inflammation, dysregulated glucose metabolism, hyperactivation of insulin-responsive pathways, and anti-apoptotic signaling. Pathogen-associated cancers contribute significantly to the cancer burden particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In those countries, the incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased alarmingly over the last decades, in part due to rapid changes in diet, lifestyle, and urbanization. It is likely that the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the steadily increasing rate of type 2 diabetes display synergistic effects on oncogenesis. Although this possible link has not been extensively investigated, it might become more important in the years to come not least due to the stimulating effects of antiretroviral therapy on the development of type 2 diabetes. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of pathogen- and diabetes- associated cancers with focus on geographical regions additionally burdened by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. As both HIV and carcinogenic infections as well as the onset of type 2 diabetes involve environmental factors that can be avoided to a certain extent, this review will support the hypothesis that certain malignancies are potentially preventable. Deploying effective infection control strategies together with educational policies on diet and lifestyle may in the long term reduce the burden of preventable cancers which is of particular relevance in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgia Schäfer
- Receptor Biology Research Unit, Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, SA-MRC Gynecology Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Bender Ignacio R, Ghadrshenas M, Low D, Orem J, Casper C, Phipps W. HIV Status and Associated Clinical Characteristics Among Adult Patients With Cancer at the Uganda Cancer Institute. J Glob Oncol 2017; 4:1-10. [PMID: 30241139 PMCID: PMC6181185 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose HIV increases cancer incidence and mortality. In Uganda, the HIV epidemic has
led to an elevated incidence of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and
non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Limited information exists about
how frequently HIV infection complicates the presentation and manifestations
of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We abstracted medical records from patients with cancer who were age 18 years
or older who registered at the Uganda Cancer Institute from June through
September 2015 to determine the burden of HIV. We used χ2
tests and generalized linear models to evaluate factors associated with HIV
positivity. A sensitivity analysis estimated HIV prevalence in those
untested. Results Among 1,137 patients with cancer, 23% were HIV infected, 48% were HIV
negative, and 29% had no recorded HIV status. Of those with recorded HIV
status, 32% were HIV positive. Forty-two percent (149 of 361 patients) with
ADCs were documented as HIV infected (51% of those with documented status)
compared with 14% (108 of 776 patients) of those with NADCs (21% of those
with documented status). In multivariable analysis, HIV infection was
associated with ADC diagnosis (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] compared with
NADC, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5 to 3.0), younger age (aPR, 0.9 per decade increase;
95% CI, 0.8 to 1.0), and worse performance status scores (aPR, 1.2 per point
ECOG increase; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.5). When sensitivity analysis accounted for
undocumented HIV status, the expected prevalence of HIV infection was 29%
(range, 23% to 32%), and almost one fourth of expected HIV cases were
undiagnosed or unrecorded. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV infection among Ugandan patients with cancer is
substantially higher than in the general population. Patients with cancer
and HIV tend to be younger and have poorer performance status. Greater
awareness of the dual burden of cancer and HIV in Uganda and universal
testing of patients with cancer may improve outcomes of HIV-associated
malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bender Ignacio
- Rachel Bender Ignacio, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rachel Bender Ignacio, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, University of Washington; Corey Casper, Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Matine Ghadrshenas
- Rachel Bender Ignacio, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rachel Bender Ignacio, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, University of Washington; Corey Casper, Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daniel Low
- Rachel Bender Ignacio, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rachel Bender Ignacio, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, University of Washington; Corey Casper, Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jackson Orem
- Rachel Bender Ignacio, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rachel Bender Ignacio, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, University of Washington; Corey Casper, Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Corey Casper
- Rachel Bender Ignacio, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rachel Bender Ignacio, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, University of Washington; Corey Casper, Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Warren Phipps
- Rachel Bender Ignacio, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Rachel Bender Ignacio, Matine Ghadrshenas, Daniel Low, Corey Casper, and Warren Phipps, University of Washington; Corey Casper, Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and Jackson Orem, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda
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Randall TC, Chuang L, Orang'o E, Rosen B, Uwinkindi F, Rebbeck T, Trimble EL. Strengthening care and research for women's cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2017; 21:109-113. [PMID: 28819635 PMCID: PMC5548333 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
•The burden of gynecologic cancers in low resource settings is overwhelming.•Areas with the highest needs have few human resources and limited infrastructure.•Cancer specialists can best help by leveraging ongoing work to assist local leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Randall
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- The National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Linus Chuang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - ElkanahOmenge Orang'o
- Department of Reproductive Health, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Barry Rosen
- Gynecologic Oncology, Beaumont Hospital, Grosse Point, MI, United States
| | | | - Timothy Rebbeck
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward L. Trimble
- The National Cancer Institute, Center for Global Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Wu ES, Jeronimo J, Feldman S. Barriers and Challenges to Treatment Alternatives for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer in Lower-Resource Settings. J Glob Oncol 2017; 3:572-582. [PMID: 29094097 PMCID: PMC5646895 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.007369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, and approximately 85% of new diagnoses occur in less-developed regions of the world. Global efforts in cervical cancer to date have focused on primary and secondary prevention strategies of human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical cancer screening. Cervical cancer screening is effective to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and can result in diagnosis at earlier stages, but it will take time to realize its full impact. With expansion of screening programs, there is now a greater imperative to increase access to treatment for women who have cervical cancer, particularly in earlier stages of disease, when it is still curable. Resources for multimodality treatment can be limited-or even absent-in many less-developed regions of the world and may be associated with geographic, social, and financial barriers for the patient. However, there is evidence that, in many cases, less-invasive and less-resource-intensive treatment options are still effective. To this end, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and American Society of Clinical Oncology have published guideline adaptations for specific resource constraints, and research about more conservative approaches to the treatment of cervical cancer continues. This review focuses on potential barriers and challenges to provision of safe and effective treatment of early-stage cervical cancer in lower-resource settings, and it suggests future directions for expansion of access to cervical cancer treatment around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Wu
- , University of Washington; , PATH, Seattle, WA; and , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jose Jeronimo
- , University of Washington; , PATH, Seattle, WA; and , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah Feldman
- , University of Washington; , PATH, Seattle, WA; and , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Cubasch H, Ruff P, Joffe M, Norris S, Chirwa T, Nietz S, Sharma V, Duarte R, Buccimazza I, Čačala S, Stopforth LW, Tsai WY, Stavsky E, Crew KD, Jacobson JS, Neugut AI. South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes Study: Methods and Baseline Assessment. J Glob Oncol 2017; 3:114-124. [PMID: 28706996 PMCID: PMC5493271 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2015.002675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In low- and middle-income, HIV-endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa, morbidity and mortality from the common epithelial cancers of the developed world are rising. Even among HIV-infected individuals, access to antiretroviral therapy has enhanced life expectancy, shifting the distribution of cancer diagnoses toward non–AIDS-defining malignancies, including breast cancer. Building on our prior research, we recently initiated the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes study. Methods We will recruit a cohort of 3,000 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer at hospitals in high (average, 20%) HIV prevalence areas, in Johannesburg, Durban, Pietermaritzburg, and Empangeni. At baseline, we will collect information on demographic, behavioral, clinical, and other factors related to access to health care. Every 3 months in year 1 and every 6 months thereafter, we will collect interview and chart data on treatment, symptoms, cancer progression, comorbidities, and other factors. We will compare survival rates of HIV-infected and uninfected women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and their likelihood of receiving suboptimal anticancer therapy. We will identify determinants of suboptimal therapy and context-specific modifiable factors that future interventions can target to improve outcomes. We will explore molecular mechanisms underlying potentially aggressive breast cancer in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients, as well as the roles of pathogens, states of immune activation, and inflammation in disease progression. Conclusion Our goals are to contribute to development of evidence-based guidelines for the management of breast cancer in HIV-positive women and to improve outcomes for all patients with breast cancer in resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Cubasch
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Paul Ruff
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Maureen Joffe
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Shane Norris
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Tobias Chirwa
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sarah Nietz
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ines Buccimazza
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Sharon Čačala
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Laura W Stopforth
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Wei-Yann Tsai
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Eliezer Stavsky
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Katherine D Crew
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Judith S Jacobson
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Herbert Cubasch, Sarah Nietz, Paul Ruff, Maureen Joffe, Shane Norris, Tobias Chirwa, Vinay Sharma, and Raquel Duarte, University of the Witwatersrand; Sarah Nietz, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg; Herbert Cubasch and Vinay Sharma, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto; Ines Buccimazza, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Ines Buccimazza, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban; Sharon Čačala and Laura W. Stopforth, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa; and Wei-Yann Tsai, Eliezer Stavsky, Katherine D. Crew, Judith S. Jacobson, and Alfred I. Neugut, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Ferreira MP, Coghill AE, Chaves CB, Bergmann A, Thuler LC, Soares EA, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA, Soares MA. Outcomes of cervical cancer among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women treated at the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer. AIDS 2017; 31:523-531. [PMID: 28060014 PMCID: PMC5263104 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed mortality, treatment response, and relapse among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women with cervical cancer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DESIGN Cohort study of 87 HIV-infected and 336 HIV-uninfected women with cervical cancer. METHODS Patients at the Brazilian National Institute of Cancer (2001-2013) were matched on age, calendar year of diagnosis, clinical stage, and tumor histology. Staging and treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy followed international guidelines. We used a Markov model to assess responses to initial therapy, and Cox models for mortality and relapse after complete response (CR). RESULTS Among 234 deaths, most were from cancer (82% in HIV-infected vs. 93% in HIV-uninfected women); only 9% of HIV-infected women died from AIDS. HIV was not associated with mortality during initial follow-up but was associated more than 1-2 years after diagnosis [overall mortality: stage-adjusted hazard ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-3.22; cancer-specific mortality: 4.35, 1.86-10.2]. Among 222 patients treated with radiotherapy, HIV-infected had similar response rates to initial cancer therapy as HIV-uninfected women (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.58-1.66). However, among women who were treated and had a CR, HIV was associated with elevated risk of subsequent relapse (hazard ratio 3.60, 95% CI 1.86-6.98, adjusted for clinical stage). CONCLUSION Among women with cervical cancer, HIV infection was not associated with initial treatment response or early mortality, but relapse after attaining a CR and late mortality were increased in those with HIV. These results point to a role for an intact immune system in control of residual tumor burden among treated cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Ferreira
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna E. Coghill
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia B. Chaves
- Seção de Ginecologia Oncológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anke Bergmann
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Thuler
- Programa de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Esmeralda A. Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric A. Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Grover S, Martei YM, Puri P, Prabhakar P, Mutebi M, Balogun OD, Price AJ, Freeman AH, Narasimhamurthy M, Rodin D, Rayne S, Zetola NM. Breast Cancer and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Complex Relationship. J Glob Oncol 2017; 4:1-11. [PMID: 30241185 PMCID: PMC6180795 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.2016.006585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number and lifespan of individuals living with HIV have increased
significantly with the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, the
incidence of breast cancer in women with HIV is growing, especially in
sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the association between HIV infection and
breast cancer is not well understood. Methods A literature search was performed to identify articles published in journals
pertaining to breast cancer and HIV, with an emphasis on SSA. Selected
US-based studies were also identified for comparison. Results Among the 56 studies reviewed, the largest study examined 314 patients with
breast cancer and HIV in the United States. There is no consensus on whether
HIV infection acts as a pro-oncogenic or antioncogenic factor in breast
cancer, and it may have no relation to breast cancer. A higher incidence of
breast cancer is reported in high-income countries than in SSA, although
breast cancer in SSA presents at a younger age and at a more advanced stage.
Some studies show that patients with breast cancer and HIV experience worse
chemotherapy toxicity than do patients without HIV. Data on treatment
outcomes are limited. The largest study showed worse treatment outcomes in
patients with HIV, compared with their counterparts without HIV. Conclusion HIV infection has not been associated with different clinical presentation of
breast cancer. However, some evidence suggests that concurrent diagnosis of
HIV with breast cancer is associated with increased therapy-related toxicity
and worse outcomes. Systematic prospective studies are needed to establish
whether there is a specific association between breast cancer and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grover
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yehoda M Martei
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Priya Puri
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pooja Prabhakar
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Onyinye D Balogun
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Aryeh J Price
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alexandra H Freeman
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohan Narasimhamurthy
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Danielle Rodin
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sarah Rayne
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicola M Zetola
- Surbhi Grover, Yehoda M. Martei, Priya Puri, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Surbhi Grover, Mohan Narasimhamurthy, and Nicola M. Zetola, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Pooja Prabhakar, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Miriam Mutebi, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Onyinye D. Balogun, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Aryeh J. Price, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Alexandra H. Freeman, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Danielle Rodin, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and Sarah Rayne, Helen Joseph Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Chinula L, Moses A, Gopal S. HIV-associated malignancies in sub-Saharan Africa: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2017; 12:89-95. [PMID: 27607593 PMCID: PMC5241291 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent developments for HIV-associated malignancies (HIVAM) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) with particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). RECENT FINDINGS Antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up is leading to epidemiologic transitions in LMIC similar to high-income countries, with aging and growth of HIV-infected populations, declining infectious deaths, increasing cancer deaths, and transitions from AIDS-defining cancers to non-AIDS defining cancers. Despite ART scale-up, the HIVAM burden remains high including an enormous AIDS-defining cancers burden in SSA. For Kaposi sarcoma, patients treated with ART and chemotherapy can experience good outcomes even in rural SSA, but Kaposi sarcoma heterogeneity remains insufficiently understood including virologic, immunologic, and inflammatory features that may be unique to LMIC. For cervical cancer, scale-up of prevention efforts including vaccination and screening is underway, with benefits already apparent despite continuing high disease burden. For non-Hodgkin lymphoma, curative treatment is possible in the ART era even in SSA, and multifaceted approaches can improve outcomes further. For many other prevalent HIVAM, care and research efforts are being established to guide treatment and prevention specifically in LMIC. SUMMARY Sustained investment for HIVAM in LMIC can help catalyze a cancer care and research agenda that benefits HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lameck Chinula
- UNC Project-Malawi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of Malawi College of Medicine
| | - Agnes Moses
- UNC Project-Malawi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of Malawi College of Medicine
| | - Satish Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of Malawi College of Medicine
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Dryden-Peterson S, Bvochora-Nsingo M, Suneja G, Efstathiou JA, Grover S, Chiyapo S, Ramogola-Masire D, Kebabonye-Pusoentsi M, Clayman R, Mapes AC, Tapela N, Asmelash A, Medhin H, Viswanathan AN, Russell AH, Lin LL, Kayembe MK, Mmalane M, Randall TC, Chabner B, Lockman S. HIV Infection and Survival Among Women With Cervical Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3749-3757. [PMID: 27573661 PMCID: PMC5477924 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.9613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among the 20 million women with HIV worldwide. We sought to determine whether HIV infection affected survival in women with invasive cervical cancer. Patients and Methods We enrolled sequential patients with cervical cancer in Botswana from 2010 to 2015. Standard treatment included external beam radiation and brachytherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy. The effect of HIV on survival was estimated by using an inverse probability weighted marginal Cox model. Results A total of 348 women with cervical cancer were enrolled, including 231 (66.4%) with HIV and 96 (27.6%) without HIV. The majority (189 [81.8%]) of women with HIV received antiretroviral therapy before cancer diagnosis. The median CD4 cell count for women with HIV was 397 (interquartile range, 264 to 555). After a median follow-up of 19.7 months, 117 (50.7%) women with HIV and 40 (41.7%) without HIV died. One death was attributed to HIV and the remaining to cancer. Three-year survival for the women with HIV was 35% (95% CI, 27% to 44%) and 48% (95% CI, 35% to 60%) for those without HIV. In an adjusted analysis, HIV infection significantly increased the risk for death among all women (hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.17) and in the subset that received guideline-concordant curative treatment (hazard ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.05 to 6.55). The adverse effect of HIV on survival was greater for women with a more-limited stage cancer ( P = .035), those treated with curative intent ( P = .003), and those with a lower CD4 cell count ( P = .036). Advanced stage and poor treatment completion contributed to high mortality overall. Conclusion In the context of good access to and use of antiretroviral treatment in Botswana, HIV infection significantly decreases cervical cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Dryden-Peterson
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Memory Bvochora-Nsingo
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gita Suneja
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason A. Efstathiou
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sebathu Chiyapo
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca Clayman
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abigail C. Mapes
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neo Tapela
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aida Asmelash
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Heluf Medhin
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Akila N. Viswanathan
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anthony H. Russell
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lilie L. Lin
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mukendi K.A. Kayembe
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mompati Mmalane
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas C. Randall
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bruce Chabner
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shahin Lockman
- Scott Dryden-Peterson, Akila N. Viswanathan, and Shahin Lockman, Brigham and Women’s Hospital; Scott Dryden-Peterson and Shahin Lockman, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Jason A. Efstathiou, Akila N. Viswanathan, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, Bruce Chabner, and Shahin Lockman, Harvard Medical School; Jason A. Efstathiou, Rebecca Clayman, Anthony H. Russell, Thomas C. Randall, and Bruce Chabner, Massachusetts General Hospital; Akila N. Viswanathan, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Scott Dryden-Peterson, Abigail C. Mapes, Neo Tapela, Aida Asmelash, Mompati Mmalane, and Shahin Lockman, Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership; Memory Bvochora-Nsingo, Gaborone Private Hospital; Sebathu Chiyapo, Princess Marina Hospital; Doreen Ramogola-Masire, Botswana-University of Pennsylvania Partnership; Malebogo Kebabonye-Pusoentsi, Neo Tapela, Heluf Medhin, and Mukendi K.A. Kayembe, Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana; Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT; and Surbhi Grover and Lilie L. Lin, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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McKenzie F, Zietsman A, Galukande M, Anele A, Adisa C, Cubasch H, Parham G, Anderson BO, Abedi-Ardekani B, Schuz J, dos Santos Silva I, McCormack V. African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO): protocol of a multicountry mobile health prospective study of breast cancer survival in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011390. [PMID: 27554102 PMCID: PMC5013398 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sub-Saharan African (SSA) women with breast cancer (BC) have low survival rates from this potentially treatable disease. An understanding of context-specific societal, health-systems and woman-level barriers to BC early detection, diagnosis and treatment are needed. METHODS The African Breast Cancer-Disparities in Outcomes (ABC-DO) is a prospective hospital-based study of overall survival, impact on quality of life (QOL) and delays along the journey to diagnosis and treatment of BC in SSA. ABC-DO is currently recruiting in Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda and Zambia. Women aged 18 years or older who present at participating secondary and tertiary hospitals with a new clinical or histocytological diagnosis of primary BC are invited to participate. For consented women, tumour characteristics, specimen and treatment data are obtained. Over a 2-year enrolment period, we aim to recruit 2000 women who, in the first instance, will be followed for between 1 and 3 years. A face-to-face baseline interview obtains information on socioeconomic, cultural and demographic factors, QOL, health and BC attitudes/knowledge, and timing of all prediagnostic contacts with caregivers in orthodox health, traditional and spiritual systems. Responses are immediately captured on mobile devices that are fed into a tailored mobile health (mHealth) study management system. This system implements the study protocol, by prompting study researchers to phone women on her mobile phone every 3 months and, failing to reach her, prompts contact with her next-of-kin. At follow-up calls, women provide updated information on QOL, care received and disease impacts on family and working life; date of death is asked of her next-of-kin when relevant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by ethics committees of all involved institutions. All participants provide written informed consent. The findings from the study will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, presented to funders and relevant local organisations and at scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McKenzie
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Charles Adisa
- Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria
| | - Herbert Cubasch
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Schuz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabel dos Santos Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Gopal S, Fedoriw Y, Kaimila B, Montgomery ND, Kasonkanji E, Moses A, Nyasosela R, Mzumara S, Varela C, Chikasema M, Makwakwa V, Itimu S, Tomoka T, Kamiza S, Dhungel BM, Chimzimu F, Kampani C, Krysiak R, Richards KL, Shea TC, Liomba NG. CHOP Chemotherapy for Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with and without HIV in the Antiretroviral Therapy Era in Malawi. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150445. [PMID: 26934054 PMCID: PMC4775030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no prospective studies of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) treated with CHOP in sub-Saharan Africa. We enrolled adults with aggressive NHL in Malawi between June 2013 and May 2015. Chemotherapy and supportive care were standardized, and HIV+ patients received antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thirty-seven of 58 patients (64%) were HIV+. Median age was 47 years (IQR 39–56), and 35 (60%) were male. Thirty-five patients (60%) had stage III/IV, 43 (74%) B symptoms, and 28 (48%) performance status ≥2. B-cell NHL predominated among HIV+ patients, and all T-cell NHL occurred among HIV- individuals. Thirty-one HIV+ patients (84%) were on ART for a median 9.9 months (IQR 1.1–31.7) before NHL diagnosis, median CD4 was 121 cells/μL (IQR 61–244), and 43% had suppressed HIV RNA. HIV+ patients received a similar number of CHOP cycles compared to HIV- patients, but more frequently developed grade 3/4 neutropenia (84% vs 31%, p = 0.001), resulting in modestly lower cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin doses with longer intervals between cycles. Twelve-month overall survival (OS) was 45% (95% CI 31–57%). T-cell NHL (HR 3.90, p = 0.017), hemoglobin (HR 0.82 per g/dL, p = 0.017), albumin (HR 0.57 per g/dL, p = 0.019), and IPI (HR 2.02 per unit, p<0.001) were associated with mortality. HIV was not associated with mortality, and findings were similar among patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Twenty-three deaths were from NHL (12 HIV+, 11 HIV-), and 12 from CHOP (9 HIV+, 3 HIV-). CHOP can be safe, effective, and feasible for aggressive NHL in Malawi with and without HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Gopal
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, United States of America
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, United States of America
- University of North Carolina Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | | | - Nathan D. Montgomery
- University of North Carolina Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | | | - Agnes Moses
- UNC Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Suzgo Mzumara
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Carlos Varela
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Kamuzu Central Hospital, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | | | | | - Tamiwe Tomoka
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Steve Kamiza
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas C. Shea
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Li X, Stander MP, Van Kriekinge G, Demarteau N. Cost-effectiveness analysis of human papillomavirus vaccination in South Africa accounting for human immunodeficiency virus prevalence. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:566. [PMID: 26652918 PMCID: PMC4676856 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims at evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a 2-dose schedule human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme of HPV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) naïve 12-year-old girls, in addition to cervical cancer (CC) screening alone, in South Africa. The study aims to account for both the impact of the vaccine among girls who are HIV-positive (HIV+) as well as HIV-negative (HIV-) population. Methods A previously published Markov cohort model was adapted to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of a HPV vaccination programme in girls aged 12 years (N = 527 900) using the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine from a public payer perspective. Two subpopulations were considered: HIV- and HIV+ women. Each population followed the HPV natural history with different transition probabilities. Model input data were obtained from the literature, local databases and Delphi panel. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 5 %. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the evaluation. Results Implementation of the AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine in combination with current cytological screening in South African girls could prevent up to 8 869 CC cases and 5 436 CC deaths over the lifetime of a single cohort. Without discounting, this HPV vaccine is dominant over screening alone; with discounting, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is ZAR 81 978 (South African Rand) per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained. HPV vaccination can be considered cost-effective based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold (3 x gross domestic product/capita = ZAR 200 293). In a scenario with a hypothetical targeted vaccination in a HIV+ subpopulation alone, the modelled outcomes suggest that HPV vaccination is still cost-effective, although the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio increases to ZAR 102 479. Results were sensitive to discount rate, vaccine efficacy, HIV incidence and mortality rates, and HPV-related disease transition probabilities. Conclusions The AS04-adjuvanted HPV-16/18 vaccine can be considered cost-effective in a South African context although the cost-effectiveness is expected to be lower in the HIV+ subpopulation than in the overall female population. With improved access to HIV treatment, the HIV mortality and incidence rates are likely to be reduced, which could improve cost-effectiveness of the vaccination programme in South Africa. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1295-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Health Economics, GSK Vaccines, Avenue Fleming 20, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Martinus P Stander
- Health Economic Research, HEXOR (Pty) Ltd, Block J, Central Park, 400 16th Road, Midrand, Republic of South Africa.
| | | | - Nadia Demarteau
- Health Economics, GSK Vaccines, Avenue Fleming 20, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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A Population-Level Evaluation of the Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy on Cancer Incidence in Kyadondo County, Uganda, 1999-2008. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015; 69:481-6. [PMID: 25844696 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the United States and Europe has led to changes in the incidence of cancers among HIV-infected persons, including dramatic decreases in Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and increases in Hodgkin lymphoma, liver, and anogenital malignancies. We sought to evaluate whether increasing availability of ART is associated with changing cancer incidence in Uganda. METHODS Incident cases of 10 malignancies were identified from Kampala Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2008. ART coverage rates for Uganda were abstracted from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports. Negative binomial and Poisson regression modeled the association between ART coverage and age-adjusted cancer incidence. RESULTS ART coverage in Uganda increased from 0% to 43% from 1999 to 2008. With each 10% increase in ART coverage, incidence of Kaposi sarcoma decreased by 5% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.91 to 0.99, P = 0.02] and stomach cancer decreased by 13% [IRR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.95), P = 0.002]. Conversely, incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma increased by 6% [IRR = 1.06 (95% CI: 1 to 1.12), P = 0.05], liver cancer by 12% [IRR = 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.21), P = 0.002], prostate cancer by 5% [IRR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1 to 1.10), P = 0.05], and breast cancer by 5% [IRR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1 to 1.11), P = 0.05]. ART coverage was not associated with incidence of invasive cervical cancer, lung, colon, and Hodgkin disease. These findings were similar when restricted to histologically confirmed cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AIDS-defining malignancies and other malignancies are likely to remain significant public health burdens in sub-Saharan Africa even as ART availability increases.
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Traore B, Diane S, Sow MS, Keita M, Conde M, Traore FA, Kourouma T. [HIV infection in patients with breast cancer in Guinea (West Africa)]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 21:261. [PMID: 26523196 PMCID: PMC4607795 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.21.261.7146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
L'objectif était de déterminer la prévalence de l'infection à VIH chez les patientes atteintes de cancer du sein et de comparer les caractéristiques anatomocliques et thérapeutiques de ces cancers du sein par rapports aux patientes non infectées par le VIH. Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et analytique comparant les dossiers de patientes atteintes de cancers du sein histologiquement confirmés, infectées ou non par le VIH à l'unité de chirurgie oncologique de Donka, CHU de Conakry, de 2007 à 2012. Nous avons colligé 278 patientes présentant un cancer du sein dont 14 (5,0%) infectées par le VIH et 264 (95,0%) non infectées par le VIH. Les différences observées entre ces deux groupes de patientes étaient respectivement: âge médian (36,8 vs 49,0 ans), la ménopause (21,4% vs 53,4%), le nombre des patientes traitées (50,0% contre 77,1%) et la survenue de décès (78,6% vs 50,8%). Aucune différence n'a été notée dans la présentation clinique, histologique et le retard de consultation. Dans notre étude, la prévalence de l'infection à VIH chez les patients atteints de cancer du sein est élevée. L’âge jeune des patients, la faible accessibilité au traitement et la mortalité élevée doivent être confirmés par une étude sur un échantillon plus large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangaly Traore
- Unité de Chirurgie Oncologique de Donka, CHU de Conakry, Guinée
| | - Solomana Diane
- Unité de Chirurgie Oncologique de Donka, CHU de Conakry, Guinée
| | - Mamadou Saliou Sow
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales de Donka, CHU de Conakry, Guinée
| | - Mamady Keita
- Unité de Chirurgie Oncologique de Donka, CHU de Conakry, Guinée
| | - Mamoudou Conde
- Unité de Chirurgie Oncologique de Donka, CHU de Conakry, Guinée
| | - Fodé Amara Traore
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales de Donka, CHU de Conakry, Guinée
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Coghill AE, Shiels MS, Suneja G, Engels EA. Elevated Cancer-Specific Mortality Among HIV-Infected Patients in the United States. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2376-83. [PMID: 26077242 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite advances in the treatment of HIV, HIV-infected people remain at increased risk for many cancers, and the number of non-AIDS-defining cancers is increasing with the aging of the HIV-infected population. No prior study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of HIV on cancer-specific mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We identified cases of 14 common cancers occurring from 1996 to 2010 in six US states participating in a linkage of cancer and HIV/AIDS registries. We used Cox regression to examine the association between patient HIV status and death resulting from the presenting cancer (ascertained from death certificates), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year of cancer diagnosis, and cancer stage. We included 1,816,461 patients with cancer, 6,459 (0.36%) of whom were HIV infected. RESULTS Cancer-specific mortality was significantly elevated in HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected patients for many cancers: colorectum (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.84), pancreas (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.35 to 2.18), larynx (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.47), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.39), melanoma (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.70), breast (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 2.06 to 3.31), and prostate (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.41). HIV was not associated with increased cancer-specific mortality for anal cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. After further adjustment for cancer treatment, HIV remained associated with elevated cancer-specific mortality for common non-AIDS-defining cancers: colorectum (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.80), lung (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.44), melanoma (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.27), and breast (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.86 to 3.73). CONCLUSION HIV-infected patients with cancer experienced higher cancer-specific mortality than HIV-uninfected patients, independent of cancer stage or receipt of cancer treatment. The elevation in cancer-specific mortality among HIV-infected patients may be attributable to unmeasured stage or treatment differences as well as a direct relationship between immunosuppression and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Coghill
- Anna E. Coghill, Meredith S. Shiels, and Eric A. Engels, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; and Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.
| | - Meredith S Shiels
- Anna E. Coghill, Meredith S. Shiels, and Eric A. Engels, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; and Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Gita Suneja
- Anna E. Coghill, Meredith S. Shiels, and Eric A. Engels, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; and Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Eric A Engels
- Anna E. Coghill, Meredith S. Shiels, and Eric A. Engels, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; and Gita Suneja, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
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Marcus JL, Chao C, Leyden WA, Xu L, Yu J, Horberg MA, Klein D, Towner WJ, Quesenberry CP, Abrams DI, Silverberg MJ. Survival among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals with common non-AIDS-defining cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:1167-73. [PMID: 25713023 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-1079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-AIDS-defining cancers increasingly contribute to mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. However, few studies have compared cancer prognosis by HIV status with adjustment for risk factors. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults in Kaiser Permanente California during 1996 to 2011, following subjects diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma or anal, prostate, colorectal, or lung cancers. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to assess cancer-related mortality within 5 years, comparing HIV-infected with HIV-uninfected subjects. Adjusted models included age, race/ethnicity, sex, cancer stage, cancer treatment, and smoking. RESULTS Among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects, there were 68 and 51 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, 120 and 28 of anal cancer, 150 and 2,050 of prostate cancer, 53 and 646 of colorectal cancer, and 80 and 507 of lung cancer, respectively. Five-year cancer-related survival was reduced for HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected subjects, reaching statistical significance for lung cancer (10% vs. 19%, P = 0.002) but not Hodgkin lymphoma (83% vs. 89%, P = 0.40) or anal (64% vs. 74%, P = 0.38), prostate (86% vs. 92%, P = 0.074), or colorectal cancers (49% vs. 58%, P = 0.55). Adjusted results were similar, with lung cancer [HR, 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-1.7] and prostate cancer (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.1) reaching significance. CONCLUSIONS Cancer-related mortality was higher among HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected individuals for prostate and lung cancers, but not Hodgkin lymphoma, anal cancer, or colorectal cancer. IMPACT Our findings emphasize the need for a focus on prevention, early detection, and adequate treatment of cancer among HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Marcus
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Chun Chao
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Wendy A Leyden
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | - Lanfang Xu
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
| | - Jeanette Yu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California
| | | | - Daniel Klein
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Leandro, California
| | | | | | - Donald I Abrams
- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Meernik C, Soliman AS, Ngoma T, Kahesa C, Mwaiselage J, Merajver SD. The changing pattern of ano-rectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the eye, and Hodgkin's lymphoma as non-AIDS-defining cancers, by HIV status, in Tanzania over 11 years (2002-2012): a retrospective case-report study. Infect Agent Cancer 2014; 9:42. [PMID: 25926865 PMCID: PMC4414437 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-9-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Tanzania, 5.1% of adults aged 15-49 are infected with HIV. While rates of HIV-related malignancies have declined globally with antiretroviral therapy (ART), including Tanzania, rates of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) are believed to have increased. Therefore, we determined trends of three NADCs in Tanzania: ano-rectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the eye, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS This study was conducted at the Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Dar es Salaam. All medical records of patients diagnosed with ano-rectal cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the eye, and Hodgkin's lymphoma between 2002 and 2012 were reviewed regarding HIV status, cancer clinical characteristics and management. Analysis was conducted to determine trends and proportions in these three NADCs and patient characteristics. RESULTS We identified 980 NADCs. The relative proportion of these three NADCs at ORCI out of all cancers treated increased from 2.37% in 2002 to a peak of 4.34% in 2009. The prevalence of HIV in patients diagnosed with these NADCs also increased-from 6.67% in 2002 to 20.87% in 2010-and 85% of squamous cell carcinoma of the eye cancer patients with a reported HIV status were HIV-positive. CONCLUSIONS The frequency and proportions of these three NADCs in Tanzania have increased over the past 11 years, as has the prevalence of HIV positivity amongst these NADC patients. The current and possibly increasing burden of NADCs in Tanzania and other low- and middle-income countries with high HIV rates should be a focus for future cancer prevention and control and HIV therapy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Meernik
- />Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Amr S Soliman
- />Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Twalib Ngoma
- />Ocean Road Cancer Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Sofia D Merajver
- />Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Phillips-Howard PA, Laserson KF, Amek N, Beynon CM, Angell SY, Khagayi S, Byass P, Hamel MJ, van Eijk AM, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Slutsker L, De Cock KM, Vulule J, Odhiambo FO. Deaths ascribed to non-communicable diseases among rural Kenyan adults are proportionately increasing: evidence from a health and demographic surveillance system, 2003-2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114010. [PMID: 25426945 PMCID: PMC4245262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) result in more deaths globally than other causes. Monitoring systems require strengthening to attribute the NCD burden and deaths in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data from health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) can contribute towards this goal. METHODS AND FINDINGS Between 2003 and 2010, 15,228 deaths in adults aged 15 years (y) and older were identified retrospectively using the HDSS census and verbal autopsy in rural western Kenya, attributed into broad categories using InterVA-4 computer algorithms; 37% were ascribed to NCDs, 60% to communicable diseases (CDs), 3% to injuries, and <1% maternal causes. Median age at death for NCDs was 66y and 71y for females and males, respectively, with 43% (39% male, 48% female) of NCD deaths occurring prematurely among adults aged below 65y. NCD deaths were mainly attributed to cancers (35%) and cardio-vascular diseases (CVDs; 29%). The proportionate mortality from NCDs rose from 35% in 2003 to 45% in 2010 (χ2 linear trend 93.4; p<0.001). While overall annual mortality rates (MRs) for NCDs fell, cancer-specific MRs rose from 200 to 262 per 100,000 population, mainly due to increasing deaths in adults aged 65y and older, and to respiratory neoplasms in all age groups. The substantial fall in CD MRs resulted in similar MRs for CDs and NCDs among all adult females by 2010. NCD MRs for adults aged 15y to <65y fell from 409 to 183 per 100,000 among females and from 517 to 283 per 100,000 population among males. NCD MRs were higher among males than females aged both below, and at or above, 65y. CONCLUSIONS NCDs constitute a significant proportion of deaths in rural western Kenya. Evidence of the increasing contribution of NCDs to overall mortality supports international recommendations to introduce or enhance prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment programmes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A. Phillips-Howard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kayla F. Laserson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Nyaguara Amek
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Caryl M. Beynon
- Center for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Y. Angell
- Department of Non-Communicable Diseases, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sammy Khagayi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Peter Byass
- Umeå Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mary J. Hamel
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Anne M. van Eijk
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- Division of Global HIV and AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Laurence Slutsker
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. De Cock
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Vulule
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Frank O. Odhiambo
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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