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Takano Y, Okajima I, Ando T, Iwano S, Inoue Y. Presenteeism and sleep duration on workdays and days off. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:283-289. [PMID: 38682567 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenteeism refers to being present at work but experiencing reduced productivity due to health problems, and has been known to be related to sleep loss. Workers commonly sleep longer on days off than on workdays, and presenteeism may be reduced with extended sleep on days off. AIMS This study aimed to determine the association between sleep duration both on workdays and days off and presenteeism. METHODS The participants were 1967 workers who engaged in work for 5 days and rested for 2 days weekly. Sleep duration was classified into less than 6 hours (short; S), 6-8 hours (medium; M), and 9 hours or longer (long; L), for workdays and days off, respectively. Presenteeism was assessed using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. RESULTS On both workdays and days off, compared to medium sleep duration, short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased odds of presenteeism. The odds of presenteeism were significantly increased for S-S (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.40-3.37), S-M (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14-2.22), S-L (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.05-7.00), and M-S (OR 6.82, 95% CI 2.71-17.17) combined sleep duration for workdays and days off, respectively, compared to an M-M (reference). CONCLUSIONS Sleep loss on workdays cannot be compensated for with longer sleep on days off. This study suggests that sufficient sleep duration on both workdays and days off is important for reducing presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takano
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
| | - I Okajima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan
| | - T Ando
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Culture and Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - S Iwano
- Cognitive Behavioral Consulting Office, Hokkaido 060-0061, Japan
- Center for Medical Education and Career Development, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Y Inoue
- Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan
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Okawara M, Tokutsu K, Hirashima K, Ishimaru T, Fujino Y. Presenteeism and Traffic Accident Among Taxi Drivers: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan. Saf Health Work 2024; 15:208-212. [PMID: 39035792 PMCID: PMC11255960 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traffic accidents involving professional drivers have serious societal repercussions. Unique occupational stressors and health risks exacerbate the likelihood of traffic accidents among professional drivers. This study explores the association between presenteeism-impaired work performance due to working while unwell-and traffic accident risk among professional taxi drivers in Japan. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted from June 2022 to February 2023, involving taxi drivers from a single company in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Presenteeism was assessed using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Primary outcome involved the number of self-reported minor traffic accidents. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) of minor traffic accident occurrences was estimated using a Poisson regression analysis, adjusted for confounders including sex, age, and driving experience. Results Of 838 targeted drivers, 435 were included in the analysis. Higher baseline work functioning impairment was associated with a significant trend of increasing IRR of minor traffic accidents (p for trend = 0.045). A dose-response relationship was seen between the degree of presenteeism and incidence rate of minor traffic accidents. Conclusion Higher levels of presenteeism were associated with an increased risk of traffic accidents among taxi drivers. The findings underscore the need for socio-economic support and prioritized health management to mitigate traffic accident risk among professional drivers. This study highlights the importance of managing non-critical health issues alongside serious health conditions for safer driving practices among professional drivers in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Okawara
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kei Tokutsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Keiki Hirashima
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Chandrakumar D, Arumugam V, Vasudevan A. Exploring presenteeism trends: a comprehensive bibliometric and content analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1352602. [PMID: 38831942 PMCID: PMC11144874 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1352602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research will conduct a bibliometric and content analysis of presenteeism from 2000 to 2023. It aims to investigate publication trends, authorship patterns, and significant publications by using presenteeism conceptualizations, measurements, determinants, consequences, and interventions analysis. The study provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers about understanding and addressing workplace presenteeism issues. Methods The research involved conducting a bibliometric study to analyze presenteeism publication trends, authorship patterns, and significant publications. It also explored the evolution of presenteeism research over time, identifying contributing countries, institutions, and writers. The interdisciplinary nature of presenteeism research was emphasized, covering occupational health, psychology, management, and public health. The researchers have used VOS Viewer and R Studio (biblioshiny) for this study. Results The study identified several elements influencing presenteeism, such as health issues, work-related factors, organizational culture, and individual characteristics. It further examined the impact of organizational policies, leadership support, employee assistance programs, and health promotion activities in reducing absenteeism and enhancing employee well-being. These findings highlight the importance of addressing these factors to mitigate presenteeism issues and promote a healthier work environment. Conclusion This research identified deficiencies in presenteeism research and provided recommendations for future investigations in this field. It emphasized the need for standardized measures and methodologies, longitudinal studies to understand causality, and industry- and population-specific interventions. These insights can guide future research directions and interventions to address presenteeism issues in a rapidly changing work and research landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasumathi Arumugam
- VIT Business School, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Asokan Vasudevan
- INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri, Sembilan, Malaysia
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Song EJ, Tozzi L, Williams LM. Brain Circuit-Derived Biotypes for Treatment Selection in Mood Disorders: A Critical Review and Illustration of a Functional Neuroimaging Tool for Clinical Translation. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01175-2. [PMID: 38552866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Although the lifetime burden due to major depressive disorder is increasing, we lack tools for selecting the most effective treatments for each patient. One-third to one-half of patients with major depressive disorder do not respond to treatment, and we lack strategies for selecting among available treatments or expediting access to new treatment options. This critical review concentrates on functional neuroimaging as a modality of measurement for precision psychiatry. We begin by summarizing the current landscape of how functional neuroimaging-derived circuit predictors can forecast treatment outcomes in depression. Then, we outline the opportunities and challenges in integrating circuit predictors into clinical practice. We highlight one standardized and reproducible approach for quantifying brain circuit function at an individual level, which could serve as a model for clinical translation. We conclude by evaluating the prospects and practicality of employing neuroimaging tools, such as the one that we propose, in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Jiayi Song
- Stanford Center for Precision Mental Health and Wellness, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California; Stanford School of Engineering, Stanford, California
| | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Stanford Center for Precision Mental Health and Wellness, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Stanford Center for Precision Mental Health and Wellness, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center of Excellence (MIRECC), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.
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Okawara M, Hirashima K, Igarashi Y, Mafune K, Muramatsu K, Nagata T, Tsuji M, Ogami A, Fujino Y. Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Work Functioning in Japanese Workers: A Prospective Cohort Study. Saf Health Work 2023; 14:445-450. [PMID: 38187197 PMCID: PMC10770115 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of COVID-19 infection on workers' work function persists even after the acute phase of the infection. We studied this phenomenon in Japanese workers. Methods We conducted a one-year prospective cohort study online, starting with a baseline survey in December 2020. We tracked workers without baseline work functioning impairment and incorporated data from 14,421 eligible individuals into the analysis. We estimated the incidence rate ratio for new onset of work functioning impairment due to COVID-19 infection during follow-up, using mixed-effects Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. Results Participants reporting infection between January and December 2021 showed a significantly higher incidence of new work functioning impairment (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.75-2.71, p < 0.001). The formality of the recuperation environment correlated with a higher risk of work functioning deterioration in infected individuals (p for trend <0.001). Conclusion COVID-19-infected workers may continue to experience work difficulties due to persistent, post-acute infection symptoms. Companies and society must urgently provide rehabilitation and social support for people with persistent symptoms, recognizing that COVID-19 is not just a transient acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Okawara
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Keiki Hirashima
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yu Igarashi
- Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mafune
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Keiji Muramatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Taylor RW, Male R, Economides M, Bolton H, Cavanagh K. Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Digital Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in Working Adults: Multiarm Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e41590. [PMID: 37327027 DOI: 10.2196/41590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and have broad-ranging negative implications. Digital interventions are increasingly available in the workplace context, but supporting evidence is limited. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of 3 digital interventions for depressive symptoms in a sample of UK-based working adults experiencing mild to moderate symptoms. METHODS This was a parallel, multiarm, pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants were allocated to 1 of 3 digital interventions or a waitlist control group and had 3 weeks to complete 6 to 8 short self-guided sessions. The 3 interventions are available on the Unmind mental health app for working adults and draw on behavioral activation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. Web-based assessments were conducted at baseline, postintervention (week 3), and at 1-month follow-up (week 7). Participants were recruited via Prolific, a web-based recruitment platform, and the study was conducted entirely on the web. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using objective engagement data and self-reported feedback. Efficacy outcomes were assessed using validated self-report measures of mental health and functioning and linear mixed models with intention-to-treat principles. RESULTS In total, 2003 individuals were screened for participation, of which 20.22% (405/2003) were randomized. A total of 92% (373/405) of the participants were retained in the study, 97.4% (295/303) initiated their allocated intervention, and 66.3% (201/303) completed all sessions. Moreover, 80.6% (229/284) of the participants rated the quality of their allocated intervention as excellent or good, and 79.6% (226/284) of the participants were satisfied or very satisfied with their intervention. All active groups showed improvements in well-being, functioning, and depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with the control group, which were maintained at 4 weeks. Hedges g effect sizes for depressive symptoms ranged from -0.53 (95% CI -0.25 to -0.81) to -0.74 (95% CI -0.45 to -1.03). CONCLUSIONS All interventions were feasible and acceptable, and the preliminary efficacy findings indicated that their use may improve depressive symptoms, well-being, and functioning. The predefined criteria for a definitive trial were met. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) ISRCTN13067492; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13067492.
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Minakawa Y, Miyazaki S, Sawazaki K, Iimura K, Waki H, Yoshida N. Managing office worker presenteeism by providing financial aid for acupuncture therapy: a pragmatic multicenter randomized comparative study. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2023; 61:203-212. [PMID: 35569996 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2021-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate whether financial aid for acupuncture therapy is beneficial for non-manufacturing job workers (office workers) who are aware of reduced job performance due to health issues (presenteeism), a four-wk pragmatic multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted with office workers who were aware of their presenteeism. The control group only implemented the workplace-recommended presenteeism measures, whereas the intervention group received financial aid for acupuncture therapy of up to 8,000 JPY (Japanese yen) in addition to implementing the presenteeism measures recommended by each workplace. The major outcome measure was the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire relative presenteeism score. A total of 203 patients were assigned to the intervention (n=103) and control (n=108) groups. The intervention group underwent a median of 1.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0 to 2.0) sessions of acupuncture for neck disorders (64%), back disorders (16%), and depressed mood/anxiety/irritation (5%), among others. Results showed that the intervention group had slightly better job performance than the control group (effect size [r]=0.15, p=0.03). Financial aid for acupuncture therapy may help compensate for losses incurred by enterprises in the form of 14,117 JPY per worker a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Minakawa
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyazaki
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - Kenta Sawazaki
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Tokoha University, Japan
| | - Kaori Iimura
- Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan
| | - Hideaki Waki
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
| | - Naruto Yoshida
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Faculty of Health Care, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
- Research Institute of Oriental Medicine, Teikyo Heisei University, Japan
- Department of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Japan
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Takano Y, Iwano S, Ando T, Okajima I. Sleep Debt Mediates the Relationship between Work-Related Social Factors, Presenteeism, and Well-Being in Japanese Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5310. [PMID: 37047926 PMCID: PMC10094040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sleep debt is associated with presenteeism and mental health; however, the association of sleep debt with presenteeism and well-being in the context of work-related social factors (commuting time, workdays, and working hours) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether work-related social factors are associated with presenteeism and well-being via sleep debt. The participant group comprised 872 full-time and 526 part-time workers (mean age: 44.65 ± 12.37 and 48.47 ± 12.93 years, respectively). For both the full-time and part-time workers, increased sleep debt was significantly associated with presenteeism (β = -0.171; β = -0.160) and low well-being (β = -0.135; β = -0.153). Notably, commuting time was significantly associated with increased sleep debt in full-time workers (β = 0.09). In contrast, the number of workdays was significantly associated with increased sleep debt in part-time workers (β = -0.102). Working hours were not significantly associated with sleep debt for both full- and part-time workers. These results reveal that sleep debt might lead to various risks among workers, elucidating the work-related social factors related to sleep debt. They also highlight the importance of considering work-related social factors when addressing sleep debt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Culture and Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
- Graduate School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido 002-8072, Japan
| | - Suguru Iwano
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ando
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Culture and Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Isa Okajima
- Department of Psychological Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Tokyo Kasei University, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan
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Takano Y, Ibata R, Nakano N, Sakano Y. Association between insomnia severity and presenteeism among Japanese daytime workers. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13711. [PMID: 36054731 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Presenteeism is the loss of productivity due to a worker's health problems, despite the worker being present at the workplace. Although the association between presenteeism and insomnia complaints is well known, few studies have examined the association between insomnia severity and presenteeism. This study aimed to explore the association between insomnia severity and presenteeism. This study included 1925 participants (1543 males, 379 females, and three of other genders) in total. The mean age of the participants was 49.94 ± 9.82 years. The inclusion criteria were full-time employment, working 8 hr per day and 5 days per week, and having no night shifts. The insomnia severity was classified based on the Insomnia Severity Index and Athens Insomnia Scale criteria. Logistic regression analysis showed that moderate and severe insomnia severity were associated to a greater magnitude with presenteeism than mild insomnia severity. Severe insomnia severity was associated to a greater magnitude with presenteeism than moderate insomnia severity. In summary, logistic regression analysis showed that increased insomnia severity based on Insomnia Severity Index classification was associated with increased odds of presenteeism, but increased insomnia severity based on Athens Insomnia Scale classification was not fully consistent with increased odds of presenteeism. Because increased insomnia severity is associated with worsening of presenteeism, early detection of and early intervention against insomnia complaints are important for reducing presenteeism. This study was the first to examine the associations between presenteeism and insomnia severity classification of no insomnia, mild, moderate, and severe insomnia severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Department of Psychology, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rui Ibata
- Graduate School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan.,Goryokai Medical Corporation, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norihito Nakano
- School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakano
- Sapporo CBT & EAP Center, Goryokai Medical Corporation, Hokkaido, Japan
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Sips ASM, Severeijns NR, Kraneveld AD, Garssen J, Verster JC. Reduced Immune Fitness and Job Performance: Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Associated Costs for the Dutch Economy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1761. [PMID: 36767127 PMCID: PMC9914608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced immune fitness can have a significant negative impact on work performance. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of reduced immune fitness on job performance and associated costs for the Dutch economy. Data from n = 425 Dutch working adults (18-65 years old) who completed an online survey were analyzed to evaluate the number of days of absenteeism (not going to work) and presenteeism (working while sick) due to reduced immune fitness, and the performance level on days worked with reduced immune fitness. Data from for the year 2019 were analyzed. Participants reported 2.9 absenteeism days and 19 presenteeism days, with an average performance reduction of 22.8% when working on days with reduced immune fitness. Significantly more days of absenteeism and presenteeism were reported by women, individuals with a poorer immune fitness, and those with underlying disease. Performance impairment on days worked while experiencing reduced immune fitness was significantly greater among individuals with a younger age at the junior career level, those with underlying disease, and among highly educated individuals. The associated costs of reduced immune fitness were estimated at €4.3 billion for absenteeism and €6.4 billion for presenteeism. Together, the costs of reduced immune fitness for the Dutch economy in 2019 were estimated at €10.7 billion. These findings demonstrate that reduced immune fitness has a significant negative impact on the Dutch economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S. M. Sips
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje R. Severeijns
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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Perceived Supervisor Support for Health Affects Presenteeism: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:16-21. [PMID: 36070550 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated how perceived supervisor support for health (PSSH) affects the occurrence of presenteeism 1 year later. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted using a questionnaire survey. In total, 10,718 nonmanagerial employees in seven companies in Japan were included in the analyses. We conducted multilevel logistic regression analyses nested by company to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of the relationship between PSSH at baseline and high presenteeism at follow-up. RESULTS The ORs for high presenteeism at follow-up were significantly higher for high (OR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.51), low (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.37 to 1.94), and very low PSSH (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.88 to 3.12), compared with very high PSSH. CONCLUSIONS Lower PSSH can induce high presenteeism, suggesting that increasing PSSH is important to reduce the occurrence of presenteeism in companies.
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Biron C, Karanika-Murray M, Ivers H. The health-performance framework of presenteeism: A proof-of-concept study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1029434. [PMID: 36457916 PMCID: PMC9706183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1029434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging research that considers presenteeism as a neutral behavior that has both positive and negative predictors and outcomes for individuals and organizations. This neutral perspective diverges from the traditional negative view of presenteeism and is aligned with the Health-Performance Framework of Presenteeism (HFPF) in which presenteeism is considered to be an adaptive behavior that aims to balance health limitations and performance demands. This proof-of-concept study aims to investigate the existence of different profiles of presentees based on their common health problems (mental and physical) and performance, and differences in attendance and job stressors among these subgroups. Latent profile analysis with 159 clerical employees and managers from the UK private sector supported the HPFP and revealed four profiles: those reporting a good health and high performance were labeled functional presentees (who represented 19% of the sample), those with poor health and low performance were the dysfunctional presentees (14%), those with relatively high performance but poor health were labeled overachieving presentees (22%), and those with average scores on both dimensions were the average Joe/Jane presentees (45%; a new profile based on this sample). There was no profile in the present sample that corresponded to therapeutic presenteeism, characterized by low performance but relatively good health. Although average Joe/Jane presentees were comparable to functional presentees in exposure to most job stressors, they reported poorer pay and benefits, and more health problems than the latter. Average Joe/Jane presentees reported the lowest number of days of presenteeism. No difference was found in absenteeism across profiles, highlighting difficulties in measuring presenteeism using a count-measure, since three profiles presented a similar number of days of presenteeism yet contrasted health-performance configurations. Dysfunctional presentees were systematically more exposed to job stressors compared to functional presentees. The results support the HPFP proposition for different subgroups of presentees who are influenced by their work environment. The study takes a person-centered approach, disentangle presenteeism from the total count of presenteeism days, offering implications for management and intervention practice. Presenteeism can have a bright side and be functional in certain contexts when the appropriate resources are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- VITAM Research Center on Sustainable Health, Québec, QC, Canada
- Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hans Ivers
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Moe-Byrne T, Shepherd J, Merecz-Kot D, Sinokki M, Naumanen P, Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Van Der Feltz-Cornelis C. Effectiveness of tailored digital health interventions for mental health at the workplace: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2022; 1:e0000123. [PMID: 36812547 PMCID: PMC9931277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems in the workplace are common and have a considerable impact on employee wellbeing and productivity. Mental ill-health costs employers between £33 billion and £42 billion a year. According to a 2020 HSE report, roughly 2,440 per 100,000 workers in the UK were affected by work-related stress, depression, or anxiety, resulting in an estimated 17.9 million working days lost. We performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of tailored digital health interventions provided in the workplace aiming to improve mental health, presenteeism and absenteeism of employees. We searched several databases for RCTs published from 2000 onwards. Data were extracted into a standardised data extraction form. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Due to the heterogeneity of outcome measures, narrative synthesis was used to summarise the findings. Seven RCTs (eight publications) were included that evaluated tailored digital interventions versus waiting list control or usual care to improve physical and mental health outcomes and work productivity. The results are promising to the advantage of tailored digital interventions regarding presenteeism, sleep, stress levels, and physical symptoms related to somatisation; but less for addressing depression, anxiety, and absenteeism. Even though tailored digital interventions did not reduce anxiety and depression in the general working population, they significantly reduced depression and anxiety in employees with higher levels of psychological distress. Tailored digital interventions seem more effective in employees with higher levels of distress, presenteeism or absenteeism than in the general working population. There was high heterogeneity in outcome measures, especially for work productivity; this should be a focus of attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessie Shepherd
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marjo Sinokki
- Turku Centre for Occupational Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Naumanen
- Turku Centre for Occupational Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leona Hakkaart-van Roijen
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management (ESHPM), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Van Der Feltz-Cornelis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Shdaifat EA. Presenteeism and Productivity Loss Among Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35912923 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2022.2108660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Presenteeism is a significant problem among the working force and nurse is not an exception from these phenomena. The purpose of the study was to determine the productivity loss due to presenteeism from three dimensions and to evaluates the associated factors among nurses. Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted among 309 nurses to evaluate presenteeism using Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS), Health Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) and Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI). Results. The study found that nurses had a high level of presenteeism through using SPS (21.0 ± 4.3) and HPQ (80.0 ± 18.2). In Both scales, presenteeism was significantly associated with nurses who were older than 32 years, with an experience of more than 10 years, having children, and having two children. The results of WPSI showed that the productivity loss of presenteeism per nurse annually was 1,959 USD and for all nurses 605,283 USD. Conclusion. Eventually, evaluating the presenteeism level will help policymakers to understand the working conditions and related personal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Adel Shdaifat
- Department of Community health nursing, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O Box 1982, City Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Altameem T, Amoon M, Altameem A. A deep reinforcement learning process based on robotic training to assist mental health patients. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-020-04855-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Takano Y, Ibata R, Nakano N, Sakano Y. Impact of sleep debt, social jetlag, and insomnia symptoms on presenteeism and psychological distress of workers in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Biopsychosoc Med 2022; 16:13. [PMID: 35658925 PMCID: PMC9166608 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presenteeism is an indicator of productivity loss and the risk of absence from work due to mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sleep debt, social jetlag, and insomnia symptoms on presenteeism and psychological distress. Methods The participants were 351 Japanese workers (271 males, 79 females, and one of other gender, with a mean age of 49 ± 9.49 years). The eligibility criteria for this study were full-time employment, working eight hours per day, five days per week, and no night shifts. The participants answered questionnaires measuring sleep debt, social jetlag, insomnia symptoms, presenteeism, and psychological distress. Results Insomnia symptoms had the greatest impact on presenteeism and psychological distress when compared with sleep debt and social jetlag (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.88–10.91; adjusted OR = 7.29, 95%CI = 3.06–17.35). Sleep debt had a greater impact on presenteeism and psychological distress than did social jetlag (adjusted OR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.14–2.27; adjusted OR = 1.68, 95%CI = 1.11–2.54), which had no impact on these variables (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.91–1.20; adjusted OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.76–1.22). Conclusions The findings of this study indicated that insomnia symptoms had a more significant impact on presenteeism and psychological distress than social jetlag and sleep debt. Although sleep debt might have an independent impact on presenteeism and psychological distress, social jetlag did not.
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MacLeod KE, Ye Z, Donald B, Wang G. A Literature Review of Productivity Loss Associated with Hypertension in the United States. Popul Health Manag 2022; 25:297-308. [PMID: 35119298 PMCID: PMC9536345 DOI: 10.1089/pop.2021.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A literature review of peer-reviewed articles published 2000-2019 was conducted to determine the types and extent of hypertension-associated productivity loss among adults in the United States. All monetary outcomes were standardized to 2019 $ by using the Employment Cost Index. Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Nearly half of the articles (12 articles) presented monetary outcomes of productivity loss. Absenteeism (14 articles) and presenteeism (8 articles) were most frequently assessed. Annual absenteeism was estimated to cost more than $11 billion, nationally controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The annual additional costs per person were estimated at $63 for short-term disability, $72-$330 for absenteeism, and $53-$156 for presenteeism, controlling for participant characteristics; and may be as high as $2362 for absenteeism and presenteeism when considered in combination. The annual additional time loss per person was estimated as 1.3 days for absenteeism, controlling for common hypertension comorbidities, including stroke and diabetes; and 15.6 days for work and home productivity loss combined, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The loss from absenteeism alone might be more than 20% of the total medical expenditure of hypertension. Although the differences in estimation methods and study populations make it challenging to synthesize the costs across the studies, this review provides detailed information on the various types of productivity loss. In addition, the ways in which methods could be standardized for future research are discussed. Accounting for the costs from productivity loss can help public health officials, health insurers, employers, and researchers better understand the economic burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara E. MacLeod
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
- ASRT, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhiqiu Ye
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
| | - Bruce Donald
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
- ASRT, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guijing Wang
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia, USA
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18
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Associations between Coping Profile and Work Performance in a Cohort of Japanese Employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084806. [PMID: 35457672 PMCID: PMC9032047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of coping profiles on work performance. Data were collected during a 2-year prospective cohort study of 1359 employees in Japan. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire in 2018 (T1; baseline) and again in 2020 (T2; followup; followup rate: 69.8%) to enable the assessment of work performance, perceived stress, and stress coping profiles at T1 and T2. Multivariate logistic regression models and causal mediation analysis were performed to identify the effects of coping profiles on work performance. Covariates included age, sex, company, job type, employment status, working hours, holidays, and lifestyle behaviors (e.g., smoking, sleep duration). A dysfunctional coping profile (β = −1.17 [95% CI, −2.28 to −0.06], p = 0.039) was negatively associated with work performance. Coping profiles of planning (β = 0.86 [95% CI, 0.07−1.66]) and self-blame (β = −1.33 [95% CI, −1.96 to −0.70], p < 0.001) were significantly associated with work performance. Dysfunctional coping, specifically, self-blame (β = −1.22 [95% CI, −1.83 to −0.61]), mediated the association between stress and work performance. Thus, some coping profiles may lead to an increase or decrease in work performance. The possible impact of coping strategies on workers’ productivity requires further exploration. Furthermore, information on effective coping profiles should be incorporated into occupational health examinations.
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Perceived Supervisor Support for Health Affects Presenteeism: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074340. [PMID: 35410021 PMCID: PMC8998755 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between perceived supervisor support for health (PSSH) and presenteeism by adjusting for psychological distress and employee work engagement. These are the mediators of the two paths shown in the job demands-resources model. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire survey among 15,158 non-managerial employees from seven companies in Japan considered to have relatively high perceived organizational support for health (POSH). PSSH was evaluated with a single question, “My supervisor supports employees to work vigorously and live a healthy life”, on a four-point scale. Presenteeism was estimated using the quantity and quality method. Multilevel logistic regression analyses nested by company were conducted. Lower PSSH was more likely to be associated with presenteeism, but after adjusting for psychological distress evaluated by K6 and for work engagement, the relationship between PSSH and presenteeism weakened. Our results suggested that lower PSSH is linked to presenteeism through both psychological states because of its role as a resource, and other independent factors, even with relatively high POSH. Increased PSSH could act as a measure against presenteeism in the workplace. To achieve this, it is important to create an environment where supervisors can easily encourage employees to improve their health.
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Gunarathne SP, Wickramasinghe ND, Agampodi TC, Prasanna IR, Agampodi SB. Economic burden of out-of-pocket expenditure, productivity cost during pregnancy and COVID-19 impact on household economy in a cohort of pregnant women in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka; A study protocol. F1000Res 2022; 10:700. [PMID: 35528955 PMCID: PMC9046902 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53320.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Investigating the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) associated with maternal health is important since OOPE directly affects the affordability of health services. Global evidence suggests the importance of capturing the productivity cost during pregnancy in terms of absenteeism and presenteeism. Furthermore, the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the household economy needs to be further evaluated as pregnant women are one of the most vulnerable groups. This study aims at determining the economic burden of OOPE, productivity cost, and COVID-19 impact on pregnant women's household economy in a cohort of pregnant women in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. Methods: The study setting is all 22 Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. The study has three components; a follow-up study of a cohort of pregnant women to assess the magnitude and associated factors of OOPE and to assess the productivity cost (Component 1), a qualitative case study to explore the impact and causes of the OOPE under free health services (Component 2) and a cross-sectional study to describe the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on household economy (Component 3). The study samples consist of 1,573 and 1,460 participants for components one and three, respectively, and 25 pregnant women will be recruited for component two. The data will be analyzed using descriptive, parametric, and non-parametric statistics for the first and third components and thematic analysis for the second component. Discussion: With the lack of evidence on OOPE, productivity loss/cost in terms of maternal health, and COVID-19 impact on household economy in Sri Lanka, the evidence generated from this study would be valuable for policymakers, health care administrators, and health care practitioners globally, regionally, and locally to plan for future measures for reducing the OOPE, productivity loss/cost, and minimizing the economic hardship of the COVID-19 outbreak during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajaan Praveena Gunarathne
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Chanchala Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Indika Ruwan Prasanna
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Buddhika Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
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21
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Shaw WS, McLellan RK, Besen E, Namazi S, Nicholas MK, Dugan AG, Tveito TH. A Worksite Self-management Program for Workers with Chronic Health Conditions Improves Worker Engagement and Retention, but not Workplace Function. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:77-86. [PMID: 33983524 PMCID: PMC8858918 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose An increasing number of workers in the US have chronic health conditions that limit their ability to work, and few worksite interventions have been tested to improve worker coping and problem solving at work. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a worksite-based health self-management program designed to improve workplace function among workers with chronic health conditions. Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of a worksite self-management program ("Manage at Work") (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01978392) for workers with chronic health conditions (N = 119; 82% female, ages 20-69). Most workers were recruited from the health care or light manufacturing industry sectors. Workers attended a 5-session, facilitated psychoeducational program using concepts of health self-management, self-efficacy, ergonomics, and communication. Changes on outcomes of work engagement, work limitation, job satisfaction, work fatigue, work self-efficacy, days absent, and turnover intention at 6-month follow-up were compared to wait-list controls. Results The most prevalent chronic health conditions were musculoskeletal pain, headaches, vision problems, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory disorders, and mental health disorders. The self-management program showed greater improvement in work engagement and turnover intent at 6-month follow-up, but there was no evidence of a parallel reduction in perceived work limitation. Trends for improved outcomes of work self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and work fatigue in the intervention group did not reach statistical significance in a group x time interaction test. Conclusions Offering a worksite self-management program to workers with chronic health conditions may be a feasible and beneficial strategy to engage and retain skilled workers who are risking disability.Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01978392.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Shaw
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Robert K. McLellan
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Drive, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - Elyssa Besen
- Liberty Mutual Insurance, 175 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116 USA
| | - Sara Namazi
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Michael K. Nicholas
- University of Sydney at North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065 Australia
| | - Alicia G. Dugan
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Torill H. Tveito
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Raveien 215, 3184 Borre, Norway
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22
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Krijgsheld M, Tummers LG, Scheepers FE. Job performance in healthcare: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:149. [PMID: 35120495 PMCID: PMC8815187 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare organisations face major challenges to keep healthcare accessible and affordable. This requires them to transform and improve their performance. To do so, organisations must influence employee job performance. Therefore, it is necessary to know what the key dimensions of job performance in healthcare are and how these dimensions can be improved. This study has three aims. The first aim is to determine what key dimensions of job performance are discussed in the healthcare literature. The second aim is to determine to which professionals and healthcare organisations these dimensions of job performance pertain. The third aim is to identify factors that organisations can use to affect the dimensions of job performance in healthcare. METHODS A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The authors searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Books, which resulted in the identification of 763 records. After screening 92 articles were included. RESULTS The dimensions - task, contextual, and adaptative performance and counterproductive work behaviour - are reflected in the literature on job performance in healthcare. Adaptive performance and counterproductive work behaviour appear to be under-researched. The studies were conducted in different healthcare organisations and pertain to a variety of healthcare professionals. Organisations can affect job performance on the macro-, meso-, and micro-level to achieve transformation and improvement. CONCLUSION Based on more than 90 studies published in over 70 journals, the authors conclude that job performance in healthcare can be conceptualised into four dimensions: task, contextual and adaptive performance, and counterproductive work behaviour. Generally, these dimensions correspond with the dimensions discussed in the job performance literature. This implies that these dimensions can be used for further research into job performance in healthcare. Many healthcare studies on job performance focus on two dimensions: task and contextual performance. However, adaptive performance, which is of great importance in constantly changing environments, is under-researched and should be examined further in future research. This also applies to counterproductive work behaviour. To improve job performance, interventions are required on the macro-, meso-, and micro-levels, which relate to governance, leadership, and individual skills and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars G Tummers
- School of Governance, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Okawara M, Ishimaru T, Tateishi S, Hino A, Tsuji M, Ogami A, Nagata T, Matsuda S, Fujino Y. Treatment interruption is a risk factor for sickness presenteeism: A large-scale cross-sectional study during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Occup Health 2022; 64:e12313. [PMID: 35043519 PMCID: PMC8766292 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between interruption to routine medical care during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and sickness presenteeism among workers in Japan. METHODS A cross-sectional study using data obtained from an internet monitor questionnaire was conducted. Interruption to medical care was defined based on the response "I have not been able to go to the hospital or receive treatment as scheduled." The fraction of sickness presenteeism days in the past 30 days was employed as the primary outcome. A fractional logit model was used for analysis to treat bounded data. RESULTS Of the 27 036 participants, 17 526 (65%) were workers who did not require routine medical care, 8451 (31%) were using medical care as scheduled, and 1059 (4%) experienced interrupted medical care. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of sickness presenteeism was significantly higher among workers who experienced interrupted medical care (3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.04-3.89) than those who did not require routine medical care. In terms of symptoms, the highest aOR was observed among workers with mental health symptoms (aOR: 5.59, 95% CI: 5.04-6.20). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the importance of continuing necessary treatment during a pandemic to prevent presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Okawara
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Tateishi
- Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ayako Hino
- Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Nagata
- Department of Occupational Health Practice and Management, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Abbasi M, Monazzam MR, Arabalibeik H, Shamsipour M. Identifying and weighting of dimensions and indicators of individual job performance using fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-04-2020-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of the study was to identify and weight the dimensions and indicators of individual job performance (IJP).Design/methodology/approachTo identify dimensions and their measuring indicators, a literature review was conducted in PubMed, Embase™, ProQest, Scopus®, Web of Science™ and Google Scholar. Based on the results of the literature review and consensus among the research team, dimensions and measuring indicators were identified and an IJP framework was constructed. For weighting dimensions and indicators, fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy Delphi technique (FDT) were conducted, respectively.FindingsBased on the results, the conceptual framework showed that IJP consisted of four dimensions as follows: task performance (TP), contextual performance (CP), counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) and adaptive performance (AP). The results of FAHP showed that TP (0.358) had the highest weighting in measuring IJP. The weight of CWBs, CP and AP was 0.302, 0.244 and 0.096, respectively. The results showed that 102 indicators were identified to measure the dimensions. Using the FDT, 45 indicators were accepted and 57 were rejected. Of the accepted indicators, 12 indicators belonged to TP. In addition, 11, 12 and 10 belonged to CP, CWBs and AP, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the article can be useful in research and practice and bridge the gap between theory and practice. In the research area, the researchers can use this model to develop questionnaires for evaluating IJP in all occupations. The researchers can choose the most effective dimensions or indicators in accordance with the corresponding occupation. Moreover, the results can be used in practice (economic and commercial impact), teaching, influencing public policy and helping to establish a more complete knowledge system.Originality/valueIn order to select dimensions and their measuring indicators, the work in the study took the unique approach to employ powerful decision-making methods combined with fuzzy methods to remove any ambiguity in opinions.
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Ishimaru T, Tsuno K, Hori A, Okawara M, Yasuda Y, Fujino Y, Tabuchi T. Disrupted care during the COVID-19 state of emergency and productivity loss attributed to presenteeism in workers: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050068. [PMID: 34907047 PMCID: PMC8671843 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused medical care delays and avoidance around the globe. However, little is known about the relationship between disrupted care and productivity loss attributed to presenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to investigate whether disrupted care during the COVID-19 state of emergency was associated with health status and productivity loss. METHODS We used data from a nationwide, cross-sectional, Internet-based, self-administered survey. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis on data from 14 545 participants to investigate the associations among variables related to disrupted care, health status and the Work Functioning Impairment Scale, with a cut-off of 21 points. RESULTS Participants who experienced exacerbation of underlying disease (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.84; 95% CI 2.28 to 3.53) or any type of disrupted care were more likely to show low productivity at work. Experiencing disruptions in routine and non-routine clinical settings (aOR 4.64; 95% CI 3.64 to 5.92 and aOR 6.29; 95% CI 4.74 to 8.34, respectively), and running out of drugs (aOR 6.13; 95% CI 4.60 to 8.18) were strongly associated with exacerbation of underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS Workers who experienced disrupted care were much more likely to show productivity loss. Exacerbation of underlying disease is one possible pathway through which disrupted care could affect productivity loss attributed to presenteeism. Our study provides evidence of the importance of early diagnosis and continuous treatment of non-COVID-19 patients to enable them to remain healthy and continue to work during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishimaru
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kanami Tsuno
- School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Okawara
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshino Yasuda
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujino
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Lee SY, Lee J, Kwon M. Impacts of heavy smoking and alcohol consumption on workplace presenteeism: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27751. [PMID: 34964731 PMCID: PMC8615302 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism refers to the practice of going to work despite poor health, resulting in subpar performance. This study aimed to explore the impacts of smoking and alcohol consumption on workplace presenteeism based on demographic, health-related, and employment variables.The study adopted a cross sectional design with 60,051 wage workers from the database of the second and third Korean Working Conditions Surveys in 2010 and 2011, respectively. A total of 41,404 workers aged 19 years and older, who had worked for at least 1 hour in the previous week, answered the survey questions. Chi-square test as well as univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS, version 18.0, to determine the impacts of smoking and alcohol consumption on workplace presenteeism.Of the 41,404 Korean workers, 8512 (20.6%) had experienced presenteeism in the past 12 months. There were significant differences among gender, age, educational status, income, health problems, absenteeism, shift work, night shift, weekly working hours, exposure to secondhand smoke at work, and satisfaction with the workplace environment. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, heavy smoking (adjusted odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence intervals [1.11, 1.72]) and high-risk drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence intervals [1.08, 1.31]) were significantly related to presenteeism among workers.The results of our study confirmed that smoking and alcohol drinking were related to presenteeism even after controlling other variables (demographic, health-related, and employment variables) that affect presenteeism. Smoking and alcohol drinking are associated with and potentially influence presenteeism; in particular, heavy smoking and high-risk drinking contributed to presenteeism. Companies that encourage employees to receive treatments for reduction of smoking or alcohol consumption may benefit from greater productivity. Hence, we should consider the impact of smoking and alcohol consumption in the workplace and build appropriate strategies and programs to help reduce these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- College of Nursing, Kyungbok University, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- Department of Nursing, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Min Kwon
- Department of Nursing, the University of Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Takano Y, Iwano S, Aoki S, Nakano N, Sakano Y. A systematic review of the effect of sleep interventions on presenteeism. Biopsychosoc Med 2021; 15:21. [PMID: 34789296 PMCID: PMC8597302 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-021-00224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems interfere with work performance. Decreased work productivity due to health problems is defined as presenteeism. Although empirical data on the improvement of presenteeism by sleep interventions have been published, a systematic review elucidating whether there is a difference in the improvement of presenteeism across various types of sleep interventions has not yet been published. This systematic review of studies aimed to clarify which sleep interventions are more likely to be effective in improving presenteeism. Methods The electronic databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE were used to perform a literature search (the start and end search dates were October 20, 2019, and March 11, 2020, respectively). A combination of terms such as “employee*,” “sleep,” “insomnia,” and “presenteeism” was used for the search. Both randomized and non-randomized control trials were included in this systematic review. Results Six types of sleep interventions were identified, including cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), sleep hygiene education, yoga, mindfulness, weight loss program, and changing the color temperature of fluorescent lights in the workplace. Only CBT-I improved both sleep problems and presenteeism compared with a control group. The results of this review also show that there is heterogeneity in the measurement of presenteeism. Conclusions The results of this systematic review suggested that CBT-I could be adapted for workers with sleep problems and presenteeism. We discussed whether CBT-I improved both sleep problems and presenteeism compared with other interventions. In addition, methods for measuring presenteeism in future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takano
- Department of Psychology, Fukuyama University, 985-1 Sanzo, Higashimura-Cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 729-0292, Japan. .,Graduate School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan.
| | - Suguru Iwano
- Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, 700 Dannoharu, Oita City, Oita, 870-1192, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Aoki
- Center for Medical Education and Career Development, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Norihito Nakano
- School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 2-5 Ainosato, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8072, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakano
- Sapporo CBT & EAP Center, Goryokai Medical Corporation, Shinoro 8-jo 6-chome 7-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 002-8028, Japan
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28
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Toyoshima K, Ichiki M, Inoue T, Shimura A, Masuya J, Fujimura Y, Higashi S, Kusumi I. Subjective cognitive impairment and presenteeism mediate the associations of rumination with subjective well-being and ill-being in Japanese adult workers from the community. Biopsychosoc Med 2021; 15:15. [PMID: 34600577 PMCID: PMC8487485 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-021-00218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the roles of rumination, subjective cognitive impairment (SCI), and presenteeism have been emphasized in occupational mental health. However, associations between rumination, SCI, presenteeism, and psychological well-being are not fully understood. We hypothesized that SCI and presenteeism mediate the associations between rumination and subjective well-being (SWB) and subjective ill-being (SIB). Hence, we investigated the mediating roles of SCI and presenteeism in this study. Methods A total of 458 adult workers (mean age, 40.8±11.9 years; 44.1% male), who were recruited in Tokyo using convenience sampling, were analyzed in this study. The Ruminative Responses Scale, Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment, Work Limitations Questionnaire 8, and Subjective Well-being Inventory were used to evaluate rumination, SCI, presenteeism, and psychological well-being (SWB and SIB), respectively. Path analyses were performed to evaluate the relations between these parameters. Results The path analysis indicated that rumination, SCI, and presenteeism were directly and negatively associated with SWB and SIB. Regarding indirect effects, rumination was negatively associated with SWB and SIB via SCI, presenteeism, and both SCI and presenteeism. Furthermore, SCI was negatively associated with SWB and SIB via presenteeism. Conclusions The results suggest that SCI and presenteeism mediate the associations of rumination with SWB and SIB in Japanese adult workers. To address the psychological well-being associated with rumination, evaluating SCI and presenteeism simultaneously may be useful in occupational mental health. This study provides key insights into the development of comprehensive intervention strategy based on the biopsychosocial perspective for worker’s psychological well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13030-021-00218-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ichiki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, 1163, Tate-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, 300-0395, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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29
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Shimura A, Yokoi K, Ishibashi Y, Akatsuka Y, Inoue T. Remote Work Decreases Psychological and Physical Stress Responses, but Full-Remote Work Increases Presenteeism. Front Psychol 2021; 12:730969. [PMID: 34659039 PMCID: PMC8514617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Remote work was widely promoted in 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effects of remote work on psychological and physical stress responses and presenteeism of workers remain unclear. This research aims to provide empirical evidence of the implications for people and organizations of this new scenario of working from home. Methods: A two-wave panel survey of before and after the pandemic was performed to investigate the effects of remote work on these aspects among office workers. A total of 3,123 office workers from 23 tertiary industries responded to a questionnaire. Participants were surveyed about their job stress conditions and sleep practices in both 2019 and 2020, who had not done remote work as of 2019 were included in the study. The effects of remote work on psychological and physical stress responses and presenteeism were analyzed by multivariate analysis, with the adjustment of age, gender, overtime, job stressors, social support, and sleep status. Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that remote work was associated with the reduction of psychological and physical stress responses independently of changes of job stressors, social support, sleep disturbance, and total sleep time on workdays. On the other hand, remote work of 5 days a week (full-remote) was associated with the reduction of work productivity. Conclusion: Promoting remote work can reduce psychological and physical stress responses, however, full-remote work has the risk of worsening presenteeism. From the viewpoint of mental health, the review of working styles is expected to have positive effects, even after the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research and Development, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yokoi
- Department of Research and Development, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ishibashi
- Department of Research and Development, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Akatsuka
- Department of Research and Development, Children and Future Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Min D, Lee SJ. Factors Associated With the Presenteeism of Single-Person Household Employees in Korea: The 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS). J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:808-812. [PMID: 33908385 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of single-person households is rapidly increasing worldwide. Many workers from these households have to work even when they are sick, leading to presenteeism. The study aimed to identify factors affecting presenteeism in workers from single-person households. METHODS This study is a retrospective survey, a secondary data analysis using data from the 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey of 2017. RESULTS Of 2156 workers, 366 (17%) showed presenteeism and 1790 (83%) did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that being a woman, subjective health status being moderate or good, presence of disease, longer commuting hours, and longer working hours per week are related to presenteeism. CONCLUSIONS To reduce the presenteeism of workers from single-person households, specific programs and organizational policies can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deulle Min
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea (Dr Min), Division of Nursing, Hyejeon College, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea (Dr Lee)
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31
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Kiguchi M, Sutoko S, Atsumori H, Nishimura A, Obata A, Funane T, Nakagawa H, Egi M, Kuriyama H. Proposal of layered mental healthcare for mental well-being. Healthc Technol Lett 2021; 8:85-89. [PMID: 34295505 PMCID: PMC8284573 DOI: 10.1049/htl2.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new concept, 'Layered mental healthcare' for keeping employees mental well-being in the workplace to avoid losses caused by both absenteeism and presenteeism is proposed. A key factor forming the basis of the concept is the biometric measurements over three layers, i.e., behaviour, physiology, and brain layers, for monitoring mental/distress conditions of employees. Here, the necessity of measurements in three layers was validated by the data-driven approach using the preliminary dataset measured in the office environment. Biometric measurements were supported by an activity tracker, a PC logger, and the optical topography; mental/distress conditions were quantified by the brief job stress questionnaire. The biometric features obtained 1 week before the measurement of mental/distress scores were selected for the best regression model. The feature importance of each layer was obtained in the learning process of the best model using the light graded boosting machine and was compared between layers. The ratio of feature importance of behaviour:physiology:brain layers was found to be 4:3:3. The study results suggest the contribution and necessity of the three-layer features in predicting mental/distress scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kiguchi
- Center for Exploratory ResearchHitachi, Ltd.KokubunjiTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Ayako Nishimura
- Center for Exploratory ResearchHitachi, Ltd.KokubunjiTokyoJapan
| | - Akiko Obata
- Center for Exploratory ResearchHitachi, Ltd.KokubunjiTokyoJapan
| | - Tsukasa Funane
- Center for Exploratory ResearchHitachi, Ltd.KokubunjiTokyoJapan
| | | | - Masashi Egi
- Central for Technology InnovationHitachi, Ltd.KokubunjiTokyoJapan
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32
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Gunarathne SP, Wickramasinghe ND, Agampodi TC, Prasanna IR, Agampodi SB. Economic burden of out-of-pocket expenditure, productivity cost during pregnancy and COVID-19 impact on household economy in a cohort of pregnant women in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka; A study protocol. F1000Res 2021; 10:700. [PMID: 35528955 PMCID: PMC9046902 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.53320.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Investigating the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) associated with maternal health is important since OOPE directly affects the affordability of health services. Global evidence suggests the importance of capturing the productivity cost during pregnancy in terms of absenteeism and presenteeism. Furthermore, the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the household economy needs to be further evaluated as pregnant women are one of the most vulnerable groups. This study aims at determining the economic burden of OOPE, productivity cost, and COVID-19 impact on pregnant women's household economy in a cohort of pregnant women in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. Methods: The study setting is all 22 Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka. The study has three components; a follow-up study of a cohort of pregnant women to assess the magnitude and associated factors of OOPE and to assess the productivity cost (Component 1), a qualitative case study to explore the impact and causes of the OOPE under free health services (Component 2) and a cross-sectional study to describe the effects of COVID-19 outbreak on household economy (Component 3). The study samples consist of 1,573 and 1,460 participants for components one and three, respectively, and 25 pregnant women will be recruited for component two. The data will be analyzed using descriptive, parametric, and non-parametric statistics for the first and third components and thematic analysis for the second component. Discussion: With the lack of evidence on OOPE, productivity loss/cost in terms of maternal health, and COVID-19 impact on household economy in Sri Lanka, the evidence generated from this study would be valuable for policymakers, health care administrators, and health care practitioners globally, regionally, and locally to plan for future measures for reducing the OOPE, productivity loss/cost, and minimizing the economic hardship of the COVID-19 outbreak during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajaan Praveena Gunarathne
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Chanchala Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Indika Ruwan Prasanna
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Buddhika Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, North Central Province, 50000, Sri Lanka
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A Public Health Approach to Protecting Workers from Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose Related to Occupational Exposure, Injury, and Stress : APHA Policy Statement Number 202012, Issued October 24, 2020. New Solut 2021; 31:373-383. [PMID: 34228552 DOI: 10.1177/10482911211031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Opioid overdose mortality, in combination with increased deaths from alcohol and suicide, is having a profound impact on American workplaces, compromising occupational health and safety and increasing workers' compensation and health insurance costs, absenteeism, and lost productivity. The President's Council of Economic Advisers estimates that more than 1 million workers are out of the workforce due to the opioid crisis. The impact on workers is equally profound, including job loss, divorce and family disruption, and potentially imprisonment, injury, illness, and death. Pain from occupational injuries and illnesses and stress are important pathways to opioid use disorder. Effective workplace programs that incorporate the public health approach to prevention offer a significant opportunity to prevent and respond to the opioid crisis. To date, the nation's efforts at combating the crisis have not included the necessary policy reforms to transform the workplace from a pathway to opioid misuse to a pathway to prevention, including education of workers, unions, employers, and health care providers and treatment and recovery of affected workers. Several key policy interventions are recommended to address this disconnect, including prevention of workplace injury, illness, and emotional distress; worker education and training; and replacement of stigmatizing, punitive workplace substance use programs with supportive programs. Increasing access to alternative pain treatment and preventing opioid misuse in workers' compensation systems are other key policy recommendations.
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34
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Toyoshima K, Inoue T, Shimura A, Uchida Y, Masuya J, Fujimura Y, Higashi S, Kusumi I. The mediating effects of perceived cognitive disturbances on reported sleep disturbance, presenteeism, and functional disability in Japanese adult workers. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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35
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Faria A, Allen AH, Fox N, Ayas N, Laher I. The public health burden of obstructive sleep apnea. SLEEP SCIENCE (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL) 2021; 14:257-265. [PMID: 35186204 PMCID: PMC8848533 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common respiratory disorder of sleep. The vast majority (>80%) of adults with moderate to severe OSA remain undiagnosed. The economic costs associated with OSA are substantial for both the individual and society as a whole; expenses are likely to be underestimated given that the disease remains undiagnosed in such a large percentage of individuals. The economic burden of motor vehicle collisions related to OSA alone is significant; it is estimated that 810,000 collisions and 1400 fatalities from car crashes in the United States were attributable to sleep apnea in 2000. The many health consequences of OSA include daytime sleepiness, reduced quality of life, decreased learning skills, and importantly, neurocognitive impairments that include impaired episodic memory, executive function, attention and visuospatial cognitive functions. Untreated OSA leads to numerous medical problems such as cardiovascular diseases that can potentially increase healthcare utilization. Untreated patients with sleep apnea consume a disproportionate amount of healthcare resources, expenditures that decrease after treatment. The gold-standard management of OSA remains treatment with CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), which is effective in eliminating sleep fragmentation and preserving nocturnal oxygenation, thereby improving daytime sleepiness and quality of life. However, its impacts in reversing neurocognitive function are still uncertain. A significant impediment to CPAP effectiveness is low adherence rates (ranges from 50% to 75%). It is commonly accepted that CPAP improves excessive drowsiness; hence meliorates attention, and accumulating data suggest that CPAP improves a variety of other outcomes such as the risk of motor vehicle crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Faria
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina - Pampulha - Belo Horizonte - Brazil
| | - Aj Hirsch Allen
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - Columbia - Canada
| | - Nurit Fox
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - Columbia - Canada
| | - Najib Ayas
- University of British Columbia, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - Columbia - Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- University of British Columbia, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine - Vancouver - British - 'Columbia - Canada
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36
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Rosander M. Mental Health Problems as a Risk Factor for Workplace Bullying: The Protective Effect of a Well-Functioning Organization. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:1096-1106. [PMID: 34145873 PMCID: PMC8577230 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined a strain-stressor association, when mental health problems may lead to subsequent workplace bullying, and a mechanism of how this can happen. I hypothesized that the association between mental health problems and bullying depends on the perceived role clarity and order in the organization, and that sickness presenteeism (SP) mediates this association. The study is based on a longitudinal probability sample drawn from the total number of employees in Sweden. Workplace bullying, mental health, SP, and role clarity and order in the organization were assessed using a questionnaire. The results showed that mental health problems are associated with an increased risk for subsequent bullying, consistent with previous findings. However, this risk depends on the level of role clarity and order in the organization. The results also show a partial indirect effect via SP. This means that if one has mental health problems and persists in coming to work although one should have stayed at home, the risk of bullying increases. The indirect effect depends also on the level of order in the organization. The findings suggest that individual deficits, such as mental health problems, are associated with subsequent bullying only if organizational deficits are also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosander
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Campus Valla, IBL, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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37
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Toyoshima K, Inoue T, Shimura A, Uchida Y, Masuya J, Fujimura Y, Higashi S, Kusumi I. Mediating Roles of Cognitive Complaints on Relationships between Insomnia, State Anxiety, and Presenteeism in Japanese Adult Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094516. [PMID: 33923141 PMCID: PMC8123047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Complaints of cognitive functions (CCFs), defined as subjective cognitive dysfunction, affect social function; additionally, for workers, this condition is an important factor in presenteeism and mediates the effect of depressive symptoms on presenteeism. This study aimed to investigate whether CCFs mediate the relationships among insomnia, state anxiety (SA), and presenteeism. Participants were 471 Japanese adult workers evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y), Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment, and Work Limitations Questionnaire 8 to assess insomnia, SA, CCFs, and presenteeism, respectively. Path analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between variables. CCFs significantly mediated the associations among insomnia, SA, and presenteeism. To address the presenteeism associated with insomnia and SA, it may be useful to assess the mediating roles of CCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-011-716-1161; Fax: +81-011-706-5081
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.I.); (A.S.); (Y.U.); (J.M.); (Y.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.I.); (A.S.); (Y.U.); (J.M.); (Y.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Yoshihiro Uchida
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.I.); (A.S.); (Y.U.); (J.M.); (Y.F.); (S.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Jiro Masuya
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.I.); (A.S.); (Y.U.); (J.M.); (Y.F.); (S.H.)
| | - Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.I.); (A.S.); (Y.U.); (J.M.); (Y.F.); (S.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 193-0998, Japan
| | - Shinji Higashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; (T.I.); (A.S.); (Y.U.); (J.M.); (Y.F.); (S.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan;
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Knapstad M, Sivertsen B, Knudsen AK, Smith ORF, Aarø LE, Lønning KJ, Skogen JC. Trends in self-reported psychological distress among college and university students from 2010 to 2018. Psychol Med 2021; 51:470-478. [PMID: 31779729 PMCID: PMC7958482 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in reported psychological distress, particularly among adolescent girls, is observed across a range of countries. Whether a similar trend exists among students in higher education remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to describe trends in self-reported psychological distress among Norwegian college and university students from 2010 to 2018. METHODS We employed data from the Students' Health and Wellbeing Study (SHoT), a nationwide survey for higher education in Norway including full-time students aged 18-34. Numbers of participants (participation rates) were n = 6065 (23%) in 2010, n = 13 663 (29%) in 2014 and n = 49 321 (31%) in 2018. Psychological distress was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). RESULTS Overall, a statistically significant increase in self-reported psychological distress was observed over time across gender and age-groups. HSCL-25 scores were markedly higher for women than for men at all time-points. Effect-size of the mean change was also stronger for women (time-by-gender interaction: χ2 = 70.02, df = 2, p < 0.001): in women, mean HSCL-25 score increased from 1.62 in 2010 to 1.82 in 2018, yielding a mean change effect-size of 0.40. The corresponding change in men was from 1.42 in 2010 to 1.53 in 2018, giving an effect-size of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS Both the level and increase in self-reported psychological distress among Norwegian students in higher education are potentially worrying. Several mechanisms may contribute to the observed trend, including changes in response style and actual increase in distress. The relative low response rates in SHoT warrant caution when interpreting and generalising the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Knapstad
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann Kristin Knudsen
- Centre for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Leif Edvard Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kari Jussie Lønning
- The Norwegian Medical Association, Oslo, Norway
- The Student Welfare Association of Oslo and Akershus (SiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway (KoRFor), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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Nwosu ADG, Ossai E, Onwuasoigwe O, Ezeigweneme M, Okpamen J. Burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers in Nigeria: Implications for patient care, occupational health and workforce productivity. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:1900. [PMID: 33634041 PMCID: PMC7883015 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burnout and presenteeism are two emerging occupational health challenges which share same locus among healthcare workers, and the trend is rising. We aim to define the magnitude of burnout and presenteeism among frontline members of the health workforce and explore any correlation between the two in order to provide empirical data from our socioeconomic and geographical background. Design and Methods: We used self-administered questionnaire to conduct a cross-sectional study among the physicians and nurses in a regional trauma centre in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria; with the respondents selected by stratified random sampling. The Oldenburg burnout inventory and Stanford presenteeism scale were used to measure burnout and presenteeism respectively, while the 2-item patient-health questionnaire (PHQ-2) was used to screen for depression. The level of statistical significance was determined by a p value of <0.05. Results: Among the healthcare workers surveyed (n=155); 34 (21.9%) were physicians, while 121 (78.1%) were nurses. Burnout prevalence was 69%. Burnout was associated with self-rated health status and length of years in professional service but not the occupation or depression screen status of the worker. Sixty-two healthcare workers (40%) screened positive for depression. A positive screen for depression was the only factor that had significant association with lower presenteeism scores (p=0.002). The mean presenteeism scores had strong negative correlation with both the exhaustion (p<0.001) and disengagement (p<0.001) domains of burnout. Conclusion: Burnout is high among the healthcare workers and correlates with presenteeism scores. The mental health of the workforce greatly impaired their productivity. Significance for public health Despite the high prevalence of burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers their impact on the productivity of the workforce has not received adequate attention. Much of the work on burnout and presenteeism has been directed at their prevalence and associated demographics, while a few addressed their potential for direct harm or suboptimal care to patients. However, these earlier research perspectives provide insufficient resource for health economists and public health administrators. Accordingly, we chose to explore the relationship between the twin problems of high burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers and their impact on productivity. We have reported our finding of an inverse correlation between burnout domains and productivity of the health workers. Furthermore, the revelation of 40% positive screen for depression raises serious concern regarding the mental health of the healthcare providers as it portends grave public health implications for themselves and the patients they cater for.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmund Ossai
- College of Health Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
| | | | | | - Jude Okpamen
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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Benson C, Singer D, Carpinella CM, Shawi M, Alphs L. The Health-Related Quality of Life, Work Productivity, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Economic Burden Associated with Levels of Suicidal Ideation Among Patients Self-Reporting Moderately Severe or Severe Major Depressive Disorder in a National Survey. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:111-123. [PMID: 33500620 PMCID: PMC7822234 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s229530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation (SI) is a cardinal aspect of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, patient-reported outcomes data from large-scale surveys are limited concerning SI in the context of MDD. This study aims to understand the association between varying levels of SI and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and associated costs in patients with moderately severe/severe MDD. METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of 2013 national survey data. Patients who self-reported moderately severe or severe MDD and completed the Short Form Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2), Work Productivity Loss and Activity Impairment questionnaire (WPAI), and questions related to HRU were analyzed. Direct and indirect costs were calculated. Patients were categorized and analyzed by the level of SI (no SI, low, moderate, and high) based on their response to Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS Among 75,000 respondents, 15.3% self-reported receiving a physician diagnosis of moderately severe or severe MDD and 2.8% of the total sample endorsed some level of SI. Patients with high SI showed a higher burden than patients with no SI, reporting lower mean SF-36v2 mental component summary scores (p<0.001), higher work productivity loss (p=0.039), and higher numbers of per patient per month hospitalizations (p=0.002) and emergency room visits (p=0.011). High SI was associated with greater per patient per month direct costs ($1220 vs $796; p=0.002) and indirect costs ($1449 vs $1058; p=0.001) compared with no SI. When patients with low or moderate SI were compared with patients with no SI, the results were mixed. CONCLUSION Higher levels of SI were associated with lower HRQoL, greater HRU, and more work impairment resulting in higher direct and indirect costs compared with patients with MDD but no SI. These results highlight the need to implement effective treatment models and interventions in the employed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Benson
- Real-World Value & Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - David Singer
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - May Shawi
- Neuroscience Medical Affairs, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Larry Alphs
- Neuroscience Medical Affairs, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
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Hayashida T, Shimura A, Higashiyama M, Fujimura Y, Ono K, Inoue T. Psychosomatic Stress Responses and Sleep Disturbance Mediate the Effects of Irregular Mealtimes on Presenteeism. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:315-321. [PMID: 33568911 PMCID: PMC7869830 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s292249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presenteeism is the loss of work productivity of workers owing to physical and mental problems, and its socioeconomic effects are greater than those of absenteeism. Presenteeism is caused by psychological and physical dysfunctions. On the other hand, the regularity of mealtimes is an important factor associated with physical and mental health conditions. We hence assessed the association among the irregularity of mealtimes, presenteeism, psychological and physical stress responses, and sleep disturbance in office workers in companies. METHODS From May to December 2017, the data of 2905 participants who had given their consent to use their information for academic purposes, and answered a questionnaire about the survey and their lifestyle were collected. Path analysis was performed to analyze the association between the irregularity of mealtimes, psychosomatic symptoms (Brief Job Stress Questionnaire), sleep disturbance (Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire), and presenteeism (Work Limitations Questionnaire). RESULTS The direct effect of the irregularity of mealtimes on presenteeism was significant but weak. However, the irregularity of mealtimes had a strong effect on presenteeism indirectly through psychological and physical stress responses and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION Psychological and physical stress responses and sleep disturbance were identified as mediating factors of the effects of irregularity of mealtimes on presenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Hayashida
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,160-0023, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Shimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,160-0023, Japan
| | - Motoki Higashiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,160-0023, Japan
| | - Yota Fujimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0998, Japan
| | - Kotaro Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,160-0023, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,160-0023, Japan
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An Evaluation of the Structural Validity of the Work Limitation Questionnaire Using the Rasch Model. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 102:633-644. [PMID: 33309516 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the targeting, scaling, and structural validity of the Work Limitation Questionnaire (WLQ) using Rasch analysis. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS The data were sourced from an upper limb specialty clinic of injured workers using the convenience sampling method and from a national randomized controlled trial investigating 2 surgical options for rotator cuff repair by formal, randomized selection (N=315). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Work Limitation Questionnaire 25-item version (WLQ-25). The WLQ contains 25 items measuring a client's ability to perform specific job demands on a 5-point ordinal response scale ranging from 0 (difficulty none of the time) to 4 (difficulty all the time). The average of all 25 items is used as the total score, ranging from 0 to 4, where higher index scores indicate greater difficulty performing daily work. Subscales were used to assess time management, physical demands (PD), mental-interpersonal demands, and output demands. RESULTS The Rasch analyses performed on the dataset included the test of fit of residuals, ordering of item thresholds, Person separation index, differential item functioning (DIF), dependency, and unidimensionality. The partial credit model was selected for the current Rasch analysis because the likelihood ratio test was significant at both the overall questionnaire and the subscale level (P<.001). The WLQ-25 did not fit with the Rasch model (χ2=1715.58; df=125; P<.001) and most of the thresholds were disordered. A series of steps were undertaken to improve the fit statistic, including item reduction (6 items) and response merging (9 items). DIF was absent in the revised scale based on sex, age, full- or part-time employment, and type of employment. Only 3 revised subscales, namely the PD, mental demands, and interpersonal demands subscales, demonstrated acceptable fit to the Rasch model. CONCLUSIONS The WLQ-25 demonstrated substantial misfit from the Rasch model, which could not be fully mediated. The revised PD, mental demands, and interpersonal demands subscales could be used to assess these constructs.
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Van Der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Varley D, Allgar VL, de Beurs E. Workplace Stress, Presenteeism, Absenteeism, and Resilience Amongst University Staff and Students in the COVID-19 Lockdown. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:588803. [PMID: 33329135 PMCID: PMC7728738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study explored how the COVID-19 outbreak and arrangements such as remote working and furlough affect work or study stress levels and functioning in staff and students at the University of York, UK. Methods: An invitation to participate in an online survey was sent to all University of York staff and students in May-June 2020. We measured stress levels [VAS-scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)], mental health [anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9)], physical health (PHQ-15, chronic medical conditions checklist), presenteeism, and absenteeism levels (iPCQ). We explored demographic and other characteristics as factors which may contribute to resilience and vulnerability for the impact of COVID-19 on stress. Results: One thousand and fifty five staff and nine hundred and twenty five students completed the survey. Ninety-eight per cent of staff and seventy-eight per cent of students worked or studied remotely. 7% of staff and 10% of students reported sickness absence. 26% of staff and 40% of the students experienced presenteeism. 22-24% of staff reported clinical-level anxiety and depression scores, and 37.2 and 46.5% of students. Staff experienced high stress levels due to COVID-19 (66.2%, labeled vulnerable) and 33.8% experienced low stress levels (labeled resilient). Students were 71.7% resilient vs. 28.3% non-resilient. Predictors of vulnerability in staff were having children [OR = 2.23; CI (95) = 1.63-3.04] and social isolation [OR = 1.97; CI (95) = 1.39-2.79] and in students, being female [OR = 1.62; CI (95) = 1.14-2.28], having children [OR = 2.04; CI (95) = 1.11-3.72], and social isolation [OR = 1.78; CI (95) = 1.25-2.52]. Resilience was predicted by exercise in staff [OR = 0.83; CI (95) = 0.73-0.94] and in students [OR = 0.85; CI (95) = 0.75-0.97]. Discussion: University staff and students reported high psychological distress, presenteeism and absenteeism. However, 33.8% of staff and 71.7% of the students were resilient. Amongst others, female gender, having children, and having to self-isolate contributed to vulnerability. Exercise contributed to resilience. Conclusion: Resilience occurred much more often in students than in staff, although psychological distress was much higher in students. This suggests that predictors of resilience may differ from psychological distress per se. Hence, interventions to improve resilience should not only address psychological distress but may also address other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Varley
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria L. Allgar
- Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Hull York Medical School, York, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin de Beurs
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology Department, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Rodríguez-Cifuentes F, Fernández-Salinero S, Moriano JA, Topa G. Presenteeism, Overcommitment, Workplace Bullying, and Job Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediation Relationship. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228616. [PMID: 33233538 PMCID: PMC7699487 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Presenteeism is a hazardous behaviour that may have personal and organizational consequences. The main objective of this research was to investigate the relationship between presenteeism and job satisfaction and evaluate the role of overcommitment as a mediator and the role of work-related and personal bullying as moderators in these relationships. Results from 377 subjects showed that presenteeism and overcommitment are positively related to job satisfaction, with overcommitment being a mediator in the relationships. These relationships are moderated by work-related bullying but not by personal bullying. The findings are discussed, and implications, future research pathways, and limitations are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Antonio Moriano
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gabriela Topa
- Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, National Distance Education University (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-398-8911
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Occupational Stress and Its Economic Cost in Hong Kong: The Role of Positive Emotions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228601. [PMID: 33228259 PMCID: PMC7699503 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been less research on the costs of occupational stress attributed to certain job stressors in Chinese contexts. This study identified and validated common job stressors and estimated the economic cost in Hong Kong. The role of positive emotions in alleviating the economic costs of job stressors was also examined. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted. The findings obtained from five focus group discussions and a survey validated five common job stressors: Job insecurity; quantitative workload; organizational constraints; interpersonal conflicts; and work/home interface. A total of 2511 employees were surveyed, with 2032 valid questionnaires returned (925 males, 1104 females, and 3 unidentified, whose ages ranged from 18 to 70 years). The economic costs were estimated by combining the costs of absenteeism, presenteeism, and medical expenses. Absenteeism mainly caused by job stressors of the work/home interface, job insecurity, and quantitative workload accounted for an annual economic cost of HK$550 million to HK$860 million. The annual economic cost due to presenteeism mainly caused by job stressors of job insecurity, interpersonal conflict, quantitative workload, and organizational constraints ranged from HK$1.373 billion to HK$2.146 billion. The cost of medical treatments associated with occupational stress was HK$2.889 billion to HK$4.083 billion. Therefore, the total annual economic cost of occupational stress was approximately HK$4.81 billion to HK$7.09 billion. Positive emotions, representing a less explored individual factor in the cost of occupational stress studies, was found to be negatively correlated with presenteeism and buffered the negative impact of job stressors on absenteeism. The theoretical contributions and practical implications of findings are discussed.
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Adolescent Spinal Pain-Related Absenteeism as an Antecedent for Early Adulthood Work Presenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:1046-1051. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nieuwenhuijsen K, Verbeek JH, Neumeyer-Gromen A, Verhoeven AC, Bültmann U, Faber B. Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10:CD006237. [PMID: 33052607 PMCID: PMC8094165 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006237.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work disability such as sickness absence is common in people with depression. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing work disability in employees with depressive disorders. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO until April 4th 2020. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs of work-directed and clinical interventions for depressed people that included days of sickness absence or being off work as an outcome. We also analysed the effects on depression and work functioning. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted the data and rated the certainty of the evidence using GRADE. We used standardised mean differences (SMDs) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to pool study results in studies we judged to be sufficiently similar. MAIN RESULTS: In this update, we added 23 new studies. In total, we included 45 studies with 88 study arms, involving 12,109 participants with either a major depressive disorder or a high level of depressive symptoms. Risk of bias The most common types of bias risk were detection bias (27 studies) and attrition bias (22 studies), both for the outcome of sickness absence. Work-directed interventions Work-directed interventions combined with clinical interventions A combination of a work-directed intervention and a clinical intervention probably reduces days of sickness absence within the first year of follow-up (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.12; 9 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). This translates back to 0.5 fewer (95% CI -0.7 to -0.2) sick leave days in the past two weeks or 25 fewer days during one year (95% CI -37.5 to -11.8). The intervention does not lead to fewer persons being off work beyond one year follow-up (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.09; 2 studies, high-certainty evidence). The intervention may reduce depressive symptoms (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.49 to -0.01; 8 studies, low-certainty evidence) and probably has a small effect on work functioning (SMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.06; 5 studies, moderate-certainty evidence) within the first year of follow-up. Stand alone work-directed interventions A specific work-directed intervention alone may increase the number of sickness absence days compared with work-directed care as usual (SMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.74; 2 studies, low-certainty evidence) but probably does not lead to more people being off work within the first year of follow-up (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.11; 1 study, moderate-certainty evidence) or beyond (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.22; 2 studies, moderate-certainty evidence). There is probably no effect on depressive symptoms (SMD -0.10, 95% -0.30 CI to 0.10; 4 studies, moderate-certainty evidence) within the first year of follow-up and there may be no effect on depressive symptoms beyond that time (SMD 0.18, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.49; 1 study, low-certainty evidence). The intervention may also not lead to better work functioning (SMD -0.32, 95% CI -0.90 to 0.26; 1 study, low-certainty evidence) within the first year of follow-up. Psychological interventions A psychological intervention, either face-to-face, or an E-mental health intervention, with or without professional guidance, may reduce the number of sickness absence days, compared with care as usual (SMD -0.15, 95% CI -0.28 to -0.03; 9 studies, low-certainty evidence). It may also reduce depressive symptoms (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.15, 8 studies, low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether these psychological interventions improve work ability (SMD -0.15 95% CI -0.46 to 0.57; 1 study; very low-certainty evidence). Psychological intervention combined with antidepressant medication Two studies compared the effect of a psychological intervention combined with antidepressants to antidepressants alone. One study combined psychodynamic therapy with tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) medication and another combined telephone-administered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). We are uncertain if this intervention reduces the number of sickness absence days (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.99 to 0.24; 2 studies, very low-certainty evidence) but found that there may be no effect on depressive symptoms (SMD -0.19, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.12; 2 studies, low-certainty evidence). Antidepressant medication only Three studies compared the effectiveness of SSRI to selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) medication on reducing sickness absence and yielded highly inconsistent results. Improved care Overall, interventions to improve care did not lead to fewer days of sickness absence, compared to care as usual (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.06; 7 studies, moderate-certainty evidence). However, in studies with a low risk of bias, the intervention probably leads to fewer days of sickness absence in the first year of follow-up (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.05; 2 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). Improved care probably leads to fewer depressive symptoms (SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.07; 7 studies, moderate-certainty evidence) but may possibly lead to a decrease in work-functioning (SMD 0.5, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.66; 1 study; moderate-certainty evidence). Exercise Supervised strength exercise may reduce sickness absence, compared to relaxation (SMD -1.11; 95% CI -1.68 to -0.54; one study, low-certainty evidence). However, aerobic exercise probably is not more effective than relaxation or stretching (SMD -0.06; 95% CI -0.36 to 0.24; 2 studies, moderate-certainty evidence). Both studies found no differences between the two conditions in depressive symptoms. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS A combination of a work-directed intervention and a clinical intervention probably reduces the number of sickness absence days, but at the end of one year or longer follow-up, this does not lead to more people in the intervention group being at work. The intervention may also reduce depressive symptoms and probably increases work functioning more than care as usual. Specific work-directed interventions may not be more effective than usual work-directed care alone. Psychological interventions may reduce the number of sickness absence days, compared with care as usual. Interventions to improve clinical care probably lead to lower sickness absence and lower levels of depression, compared with care as usual. There was no evidence of a difference in effect on sickness absence of one antidepressant medication compared to another. Further research is needed to assess which combination of work-directed and clinical interventions works best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Nieuwenhuijsen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jos H Verbeek
- Cochrane Work Review Group, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Babs Faber
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health/Dutch Research Center for Insurance Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Exhaustion and Impaired Work Performance in the Workplace: Associations With Presenteeism and Absenteeism. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:e438-e444. [PMID: 31478995 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current levels of exhaustion and impaired work performance in a Swedish university setting. METHODS In a study of 3525 employees, an ordinal logistic regression and general linear model was used to examine the association between presenteeism and absenteeism during the previous year and the current exhaustion and impaired work performance, respectively. RESULTS Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, during the previous year independently increased the risk of having moderate or severe exhaustion. Presenteeism, absenteeism, and exhaustion remained positively associated with impaired work performance when health status and other confounders had been adjusted for. CONCLUSIONS Presenteeism, but not absenteeism, was associated with exhaustion. Both presenteeism and absenteeism were the salient correlates of impaired work performance.
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Burton WN, Edington DW, Schultz AB. Lifestyle Medicine and Worker Productivity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 15:136-139. [PMID: 33790700 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620948008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The issue of employee productivity has become a major concern for companies. Inefficiency can occur at every stage of production either as poor design, worker limitation, or other factors. It is generally assumed that a healthy worker is more productive than an unhealthy worker. As early as 1776 Adam Smith observed and published in The Wealth of Nations that poor worker health was a detriment to industrial productivity. The objective of this article is to review the literature documenting the gain or loss of productivity related to the health of workers, as well as any lifestyle management strategies that can be used to improve employee health and productivity. The impact of employee obesity, smoking, physical activity, sleep, and behavioral health on productivity will be explored. By identifying and addressing health risks that impair worker performance, lifestyle medicine professionals can demonstrate a significant return on investment by creating a healthier and more productive work force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne N Burton
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (WNB).,Edington Associates, Ann Arbor, Michigan (DWE).,Global Health Management Research Core, NCRC, Ann Arbor, Michigan (ABS)
| | - Dee W Edington
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (WNB).,Edington Associates, Ann Arbor, Michigan (DWE).,Global Health Management Research Core, NCRC, Ann Arbor, Michigan (ABS)
| | - Alyssa B Schultz
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (WNB).,Edington Associates, Ann Arbor, Michigan (DWE).,Global Health Management Research Core, NCRC, Ann Arbor, Michigan (ABS)
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Tomita A, Cuadros DF, Mabhaudhi T, Sartorius B, Ncama BP, Dangour AD, Tanser F, Modi AT, Slotow R, Burns JK. Spatial clustering of food insecurity and its association with depression: a geospatial analysis of nationally representative South African data, 2008-2015. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13771. [PMID: 32792498 PMCID: PMC7426853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While food insecurity is a persistent public health challenge, its long-term association with depression at a national level is unknown. We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of food insecurity and its association with depression in South Africa (SA), using nationally-representative panel data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study (years 2008-2015). Geographical clusters ("hotpots") of food insecurity were identified using Kulldorff spatial scan statistic in SaTScan. Regression models were fitted to assess association between residing in food insecure hotspot communities and depression. Surprisingly, we found food insecurity hotspots (p < 0.001) in high-suitability agricultural crop and livestock production areas with reliable rainfall and fertile soils. At baseline (N = 15,630), we found greater likelihood of depression in individuals residing in food insecure hotspot communities [adjusted relative risk (aRR) = 1.13, 95% CI:1.01-1.27] using a generalized linear regression model. When the panel analysis was limited to 8,801 participants who were depression free at baseline, residing in a food insecure hotspot community was significantly associated with higher subsequent incidence of depression (aRR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.01-1.22) using a generalized estimating equation regression model. The association persisted even after controlling for multiple socioeconomic factors and household food insecurity. We identified spatial heterogeneity of food insecurity at a national scale in SA, with a demonstrated greater risk of incident depression in hotspots. More importantly, our finding points to the "Food Security Paradox", food insecurity in areas with high food-producing potential. There is a need for place-based policy interventions that target communities vulnerable to food insecurity, to reduce the burden of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tomita
- Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X7, Durban, South Africa.
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Diego F Cuadros
- Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
- Health Geography and Disease Modeling Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Benn Sartorius
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Busisiwe P Ncama
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alan D Dangour
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank Tanser
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- The Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Albert T Modi
- Centre for Transformative Agricultural and Food Systems, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Rob Slotow
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College, London, UK
| | - Jonathan K Burns
- Department of Psychiatry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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