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Joosten F, Bakker J, Daemen M, van Amelsvoort T, Reininghaus U. Looking for the good in times of adversity: Examining the interplay of temperament and social schemas in shaping resilience in youth. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38642010 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM Resilience is a broad and dynamic concept that can be seen as being constituted by the combination of internal factors, for example, temperament profiles, and external factors, for example, social support. This paper aimed to identify temperament profiles in help-seeking youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences, and to investigate whether temperament (putative internal protective factor) interacts with social schemas (as proxy for the putative external protective factor social support) such that their combination is associated with (a) reduced mental health problems and (b) attenuated decrease in positive affect following daily life stressors. METHODS Self-report questionnaires were used to measure temperament, social schemas and mental health problems. The experience sampling method was used to assess stress and positive affect (i.e., stress-sensitivity as a potential daily life resilience mechanism). Temperament profiles were identified by latent profile analysis and regression analyses were used to examine (interaction) effects. RESULTS In 138 subjects, three temperament profiles were identified, that is, a moderate, volatile and persevering profile, of which the latter was negatively associated with mental health problems. Neither mental health problems nor stress sensitivity were found to be affected by the interaction between temperament and social schemas. However, positive social schemas were found to be independently associated with reduced mental health problems (b = -4.41; p = <.001) and reduced stress sensitivity (b = .10, p = .044). CONCLUSIONS Findings are relevant for both practice and research, and contribute to improving our understanding of putative protective factor in the development of mental ill-health, thereby further unravelling the construct of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie Joosten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child en Youth Mental Health, Mondriaan Mental Health Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Jindra Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child en Youth Mental Health, Mondriaan Mental Health Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Daemen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child en Youth Mental Health, Mondriaan Mental Health Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society & Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Song W, Zhou Y, Chong ZY, Xu W. Social support, attitudes toward own aging, loneliness and psychological distress among older Chinese adults: a longitudinal mediation model. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:542-555. [PMID: 37731246 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2260965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the protective factors and underlying mechanisms associated with loneliness and psychological distress among older Chinese adults within the framework of a longitudinal design. This investigation specifically focused on the mediating role of attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) in the relationship between social support and the experience of loneliness and psychological distress (comprising depression, anxiety, and stress) amidst the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cohort of 345 elderly individuals (mean age = 83.84 years, standard deviation = 8.49 years; 55.1% females) participated in this research endeavor. The participants were required to complete self-report instruments measuring their perceived levels of social support at Time 1 (T1), attitudes towards own aging, ATOA at Time 2 (T2), and their experiences of loneliness, and psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress) at T1 and Time 3 (T3). The data collection timeline encompassed baseline data collection at T1 in September 2020, a subsequent six-month follow-up at T2 in March 2021, and a one-year follow up at T3 in September 2021. The findings of this investigation unveiled a negative predictive relationship between social support at T1 and psychological distress (encompassing depression, anxiety, and stress) at T3. Furthermore, it was discerned that ATOA at T2 acted as a mediating mechanism, elucidating the longitudinal association between social support at T1 and the manifestation of loneliness and psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress) at T3. The discussion section of this paper delves into an exploration of the limitations and implications inherent in these conclusions, particularly concerning their relevance to potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- Department of Management, Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Zh Yeng Chong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Chiou PZ, Herring RP, Oh J, Medina E. Health impacts in pathology workforce during mergers and acquisitions (M&A). J Clin Pathol 2024; 77:98-104. [PMID: 37914381 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-209124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare burn-out in laboratory professionals (LPs) with exposure to consolidation to those without, and to investigate the role of social support as a moderator in the exposure to mergers and acquisitions (M&A). METHODS Surveys were sent to the clinical LPs, including 732 with exposure to M&A and 819 without. The dependent variable was burn-out, and the independent variable was exposure to M&A. In investigating the role of social support in exposure group, a logistic regression was used with education, time since M&A, gender, merger types, practice setting, lab hierarchy and race as covariates. RESULTS Exposure to M&A was associated with higher levels of burn-out (p<0.05). In logistic regression of the workforce exposed to M&A, the odds for LP developing a high level of burn-out are lowered by 7.1% for every unit of increase in social support (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.98; p=0.004). CONCLUSION LPs exposed to M&A are more likely to experience higher levels of burn-out but having social support can protect against burn-out, which has policy implications for leadership managing laboratories in times of M&A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zone Chiou
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - R Patti Herring
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jisoo Oh
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Ernest Medina
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Stacchini L, Catalini A, De Nicolò V, Cosma C, Gallinoro V, Ancona A, Berselli N, Caminiti M, Mazza C, Minutolo G, Cedrone F, Gianfredi V. Social Network Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms of Italian Public Health Medical Residents: The Public Health Residents' Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI). Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:881. [PMID: 37998628 PMCID: PMC10798373 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social interactions and healthcare workers' (HWs') mental health, few studies have investigated the association between social network characteristics and HWs' mental health, particularly during the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between public health residents' (PHRs') social network characteristics and depression. We used data from the Public Health Residents' Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Social network characteristics were self-reported. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Linear and logistic models adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, and alcohol were used. A moderation analysis by sex was also performed. A total of 379 PHRs participated in the survey (58% females, median age of 30 years). More peer-to-peer (odds ratio OR = 0.62 (0.47-0.83)) and supervisor support (OR = 0.49 (0.36-0.68)), more social participation ((OR) = 0.36 95% CI (0.25-0.50)), and having a partner (OR = 0.49 (0.25-0.96)) were significantly associated with a lower risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Work-to-private-life interference was significantly associated with a higher risk of clinically relevant depressive symptoms (OR = 1.77 (1.28-2.45)). Promoting a supportive work environment and social participation as well as reducing work-to-private life interference can contribute to reducing the high burden among PHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Stacchini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy (V.G.)
| | - Alessandro Catalini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina De Nicolò
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cosma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy (V.G.)
| | - Veronica Gallinoro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy (V.G.)
| | - Angela Ancona
- School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nausicaa Berselli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Marta Caminiti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery—Sector of Public Health, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Mazza
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Minutolo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cedrone
- Hospital Management, Local Health Authority of Pescara, 65100 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Mao B, Kanjanarat P, Wongpakaran T, Permsuwan U, O’Donnell R. Factors Associated with Depression, Anxiety, and Somatic Symptoms among International Salespeople in the Medical Device Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2174. [PMID: 37570414 PMCID: PMC10419137 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical and mental health of corporate employees is equally important, especially for international salespeople in the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device industry. The rapid growth of the IVD market is driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among international salespeople in China's IVD industry and identify the association of socio-demographic, occupational, organizational, and psychosocial factors with mental health outcomes for depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in Chinese IVD international salespeople. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional survey of international salespeople (ISs) in IVD companies officially registered in China. An online survey was designed to collect data through email contact with IVD companies and social media between August 2022 and March 2023. Measured factors included effort-reward imbalance (ERI), health-promoting leadership (HPL), health climate (HC), inner strength (IS), and perceived social support (PSS). Mental health outcomes assessed using the Core Symptom Index (CSI) were depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. RESULTS A total of 244 salespeople responded to the survey. CSI scores indicated that 18.4% (n = 45) and 10.2% (n = 25) of the respondents had symptoms of major depression and anxiety, respectively. ERI was positively correlated, while the IS and PSS were negatively correlated with major depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (p < 0.01). The health climate was negatively correlated with major depression (p < 0.05). Education background was associated with somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). ERI, IS, and gender were significant predictors of major depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression and anxiety in China's IVD international salespeople was considered low compared with the prevalence in Chinese populations during COVID-19 but higher than those before the pandemic. Effort-reward imbalance, inner strength, and gender were significant factors in major depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among IVD international salespeople.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Mao
- Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.M.); (U.P.); (R.O.)
| | - Penkarn Kanjanarat
- Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.M.); (U.P.); (R.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.M.); (U.P.); (R.O.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Unchalee Permsuwan
- Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.M.); (U.P.); (R.O.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ronald O’Donnell
- Master of Science Program (Mental Health), Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (B.M.); (U.P.); (R.O.)
- Behavioral Health, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Kang W. Understanding the associations between the number of close friends and life satisfaction: Considering age differences. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1105771. [PMID: 37057175 PMCID: PMC10086127 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Life satisfaction refers to one's subjective evaluation of life, which is the cognitive aspect of subjective well-being. Understanding factors that contribute to life satisfaction has important implications as higher life satisfaction is closely associated with better physical, psychological, and behavioral health outcomes. Close friendship serves as a valuable source of social support across life spans. Although there are some studies regarding the associations between friendship and well-being, much less is known regarding the relationships between the number of close friends and life satisfaction and how this association varies with age. By analyzing data from 29,785 participants with an age range of 16–101 years old from the Understanding Society, the current study found that there is a significant interaction effect of age with the number of close friends (b = −0.003, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. [−0.004, −0.001]) after controlling for demographic covariates. Simple slope regressions showed that the positive association between the number of close friends and life satisfaction is the strongest in young people (b = 0.018, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [0.012, 0.024]), and less strong in middle-aged (b = 0.008, p < 0.001, 95% C.I. [0.003, 0.013]), and the weakest in older adults (b = 0.004, p < 0.01, 95% C.I. [0.002, 0.007]).
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Melkam M, Tinsae T, Andualem F, Nakie G. Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adults exposed to stress in Ethiopia: A meta-analysis and systematic review. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231160884. [PMID: 36949825 PMCID: PMC10026129 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231160884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Post-traumatic stress disorder is a complex psychiatric disorder that develops after exposure to traumatic events, such as violent physical assaults, accidents, rape, natural disasters, and conflicts, stranger than usual human experiences. The typical presentation of intrusive thoughts, the persistence of the trauma, the avoidance of pertinent stimuli, emotional numbness, and physiological hyperarousal are the characteristics of this anxiety symptom. Despite the presence of a study conducted on this problem, the pooled effect, particularly in Ethiopia, is not known; therefore, this study assessed the allover burden of post-traumatic stress disorder. Method The available study was extracted and conducted on post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated factors in Ethiopia by three independent authors. The data were analyzed by using STATA version 11 after extraction was done on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect size of post-traumatic stress disorder and its effect in the previous studies with 95% confidence intervals. Funnel plots analysis and Egger regression tests were conducted to detect the presence of publication bias. A subgroup analysis and a sensitivity analysis were done. Result Thirteen (13) studies were included with a total of 5874 study participants in this meta-analysis and systematic reviews. The pooled prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in Ethiopia was 39.28% with a 95% confidence interval (26.54, 52.01). Poor social support (adjusted odds ratio = 2.86; 95% confidence interval (1.81, 4.53)), being female (adjusted odds ratio = 1.89; 95% confidence interval (1.53, 2.34)), presence of previous mental illness (adjusted odds ratio = 4.72; 95% confidence interval (2.62, 8.36)), and witness (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval (1.30, 3.11)) were associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. Conclusion The burden of post-traumatic stress disorder in this meta-analysis and systematic review is high; therefore, immediate intervention is needed for those specific traumatized individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamaru Melkam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Techilo Tinsae
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Fantahun Andualem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Girum Nakie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Ram A, Dave SS, Lancki N, Moran M, Puri-Taneja A, Mammen S, Kanaya AM, Kandula NR. Social influence of adult children on parental health behavior among South Asian immigrants: findings from the MASALA (Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America) study. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:639-657. [PMID: 32122159 PMCID: PMC8040023 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1734779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Examine the social influence of adult children on the cardiovascular-related health behaviors of older South Asian (SA) immigrants to inform lifestyle interventions.Design: This mixed-methods study used data from an ancillary study of social networks (2014-2018) in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort. Phase 1 was a quantitative analysis of self-reported diet and physical activity among SA adults (n = 448, mean age = 58 years, SD 8.4) who named at least one adult child to their social network. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) was used to measure parents' diet; higher numbers indicate a healthier diet (range 0-110). Phase 2 was a thematic content analysis of in-depth qualitative interviews from a subsample of these parents (n = 23, mean age = 55, SD 7.6).Results: Parents with an adult child in their network who consumed uncooked vegetables daily had mean parental AHEI score 1.5 points higher (adjusted p-value = 0.03) than those who had a child in the network who ate uncooked vegetables less often. When at least one adult child in their network ate fresh fruit daily compared to less frequently or when at least one child ate non-SA food daily compared to less frequently, mean parental AHEI scores were higher by 2.0 (adjusted p-value = 0.01) and 1.6 (adjusted p-value = 0.03) points respectively. Parents with an adult child in their network who exercised at least weekly were more likely to meet guideline-recommended physical activity levels than parents with children who exercised less often (76% v. 56%, adjusted p-value = 0.02). Adult children provided social support and were seen as 'role models' for healthy behavior, especially when adopting Western health behaviors.Conclusion: Positive role modeling and support from adult children were important facilitators of healthy behavior change in older SA immigrants and can inform health behavior interventions for SA adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Ram
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Swapna S. Dave
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Nicola Lancki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Margaret Moran
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Ankita Puri-Taneja
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Shinu Mammen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
| | - Alka M. Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco CA, U.S
| | - Namratha R. Kandula
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, U.S
- , Rubloff Building 10th Floor, 750 N Lake Shore, Chicago Illinois 60611
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Rehman U, Shahnawaz MG, Kashyap D, Gupta K, Kharshiing KD, Khursheed M, Khan NH, Uniyal R. Risk perception, social distancing, and distress during COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of online counseling and perceived social support. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 47:1-11. [PMID: 34842068 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.2006826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study explored the relationship between social distancing and distress along with risk factors of social distancing. Further, online counseling/mental health services and perceived social support were tested as possible moderators between social distancing and distress. Valid and reliable measures were used to collect the data from 300 Indian respondents. Process use of social networking platforms was found to significantly explain social distancing. Online counseling/mental health services and perceived social support moderated the relationship between social distancing and distress. Only 16% of the respondents used online mental health services during the study period. Lack of awareness and acceptance of these services were major barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Rehman
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | | | - Drishti Kashyap
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaveri Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Masrat Khursheed
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Neda Haseeb Khan
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Asnakew S, Legas G, Muche Liyeh T, Belete A, Haile K, Yitbarek GY, Bayih WA, Feleke DG, Birhane BM, Amha H, Shumet S, Chanie ES. Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder on health professionals in the era of COVID-19 pandemic, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020: A multi-centered cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255340. [PMID: 34520471 PMCID: PMC8439479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among health professionals working in South Gondar Zone hospitals in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, Amhara Ethiopia 2020. METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 396 respondents completed the questionnaire and were included in the analysis. A previously adapted self-administered pretested standard questionnaire, Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R-22) was used to measure post-traumatic stress disorder. Data was entered into Epi data version 4.4.2 then exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Descriptive and analytical statistical procedures, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were employed. The level of significance of association was determined at a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among health care providers in this study was 55.1% (95% CI: 50.3, 59.6). Lack of standardized PPE supply (AOR = 2.5 7,95CI;1.37,4.85), respondents age > 40 years (AOR = 3.95, 95CI; 1.74, 8.98), having medical illness (AOR = 4.65, 95CI;1.65,13.12), perceived stigma (AOR = 1.97, 95CI;1.01, 3.85), history of mental illness(AOR = 8.08,95IC;2.18,29.98) and having poor social support (AOR = 4.41,95CI;2.65,7.3) were significantly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder at p-value < 0.05. Conversely, being a physician (AOR = 0.15, 95CI; 0.04, 0.56) was less affected by PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among health care providers in this study was high. Adequate and standardized PPE supply, giving especial emphasis to those care providers with medical illness, history of mental illness, and having poor social support, creating awareness in the community to avoid the stigma faced by health care providers who treat COVID patients is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sintayehu Asnakew
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Legas
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Muche Liyeh
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amsalu Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Kalkidan Haile
- Department of Psychiatry, Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Yideg Yitbarek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Wubet Alebachew Bayih
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Dejen Getaneh Feleke
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Minuye Birhane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Haile Amha
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaye Shumet
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Sisay Chanie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Devassy SM, Scaria L, Cheguvera N, Thampi K. Association of Depression and Anxiety with Social Network Types: Results from a Community Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18116120. [PMID: 34204059 PMCID: PMC8201058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Social networks protect individuals from mental health conditions of depression and anxiety. The association between each social network type and its mental health implications in the Indian population remains unclear. The study aims to determine the association of depression and anxiety with different social network types in the participants of a community cohort. We conducted a cross-sectional household survey among people aged ≥30 years in geographically defined catchment areas of Kerala, India. We used cross-culturally validated assessment tools to measure depression, anxiety and social networks. An educated male belonging to higher income quartiles, without any disability, within a family dependent network has lower odds of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, 28, 26.8, 25.7, 9.8 and 9.7% of participants belonged to private restricted, locally integrated, wider community-focused, family-dependent and locally self-contained networks, respectively. Close ties with family, neighbours, and community had significantly lower odds of anxiety and depression than private restricted networks. The clustering of people to each social network type and its associated mental health conditions can inform social network-based public health interventions to optimize positive health outcomes in the community cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saju Madavanakadu Devassy
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kerala 683 104, India; (L.S.); (N.C.); (K.T.)
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Kerala 683 104, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorane Scaria
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kerala 683 104, India; (L.S.); (N.C.); (K.T.)
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Kerala 683 104, India
| | - Natania Cheguvera
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kerala 683 104, India; (L.S.); (N.C.); (K.T.)
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Kerala 683 104, India
| | - Kiran Thampi
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Kerala 683 104, India; (L.S.); (N.C.); (K.T.)
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Kerala 683 104, India
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12
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Ong JQL, Lim LJH, Ho RCM, Ho CSH. Depression, anxiety, and associated psychological outcomes in living organ transplant donors: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2021; 70:51-75. [PMID: 33721612 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
With increasing demands for living organ donations, understanding the prevalence of depression and anxiety, which are the commonest psychiatric disorders in donors following organ transplantation, will serve to improve psychiatric care to safeguard donors' mental wellbeing. This descriptive systematic review examines all observational studies in English investigating prevalence of depression and anxiety in adult transplant donors using bibliographic databases. Sixty-two papers were included (kidney, n = 25; liver, n = 25; bone marrow, n = 7; uterus, n = 2; lung, n = 1; kidney and lung concurrently, n = 2). Post-transplantation depression and anxiety prevalence rates (Depression: 0-46.9%, Anxiety: 0-66.7%) did not differ significantly from pre-transplantation and were largely comparable to the general population. Other psychiatric disorders observed included bipolar disorder, conversion disorder, adjustment disorder and sleep disorder. Other psychological outcomes observed included lower quality of life, lower satisfaction of life and regret after donation. Pre-donation risk factors such as poor physical/psychological health status, and post-donation risk factors such as complicated post-surgical recovery and poor physical/psychological health in recipients were identified, predisposing donors to poor psychological outcomes. Individuals with risk factors should be monitored and provided with social support, psychoeducation, psychotherapy and long-term follow up. Future studies should adopt consistent methodological approaches to improve comparability between various studies. More research investigating poor psychological outcomes in other organ donors besides kidney and liver donors, donors who have past psychiatric history, unrelated and parent donors is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Q L Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Roger C M Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cyrus S H Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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13
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COVID-19 related fear and mental health in Indian sample: The buffering effect of support system. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 41:480-491. [PMID: 33840986 PMCID: PMC8020824 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The scientific world witnessed a surge of researches, from all corners of the world, regarding the humanitarian crisis precipitated by COVID-19 pandemic, more specifically its impact on people’s mental health. However, researchers exploring the association between COVID-19 related fear and mental health are yet to understand the conditions through which potential benefits may occur. Many factors could buffer the effects of COVID-19 related fear on mental health; support system is probably the predominant one. Thus, the present study examined the moderating effects of support system in the association between COVID-19 related fear and mental health outcomes – somatic symptoms, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 163 volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related fear, support system, and mental health outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis and simple effect tests revealed that high levels of support from family, friends, and significant others might buffer/lessen the psychological sequelae (e.g., somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depression during public health emergencies, such as COVID-19 pandemic. Given the potential for negative mental health outcomes following pandemics, such as COVID-19, efforts to enhance peoples’ support system may be especially important.
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14
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Folayan MO, Oginni O, Arowolo O, El Tantawi M. Internal consistency and correlation of the adverse childhood experiences, bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support scales in Nigerian children. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:331. [PMID: 32650832 PMCID: PMC7350627 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the internal consistencies and the correlation between measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support in children/adolescents in Nigeria. RESULTS The Cronbach's alphas were 0.67 for the ACE Questionnaire; 0.79 for the victimization subscale of the Illinois Bully Scale; 0.60 for Rosenberg's self-esteem scale; 0.81 for Connor-Davidson resilience scale; and 0.93 for multidimensional perceived social support scale. Social support was negatively correlated with ACE (r = - 0.21) and bully victimization (r = - 0.16) and was associated with higher self-esteem (r = - 0.29) and higher resilience (r = 0.15). Likewise, higher resilience was associated with fewer ACE (r = - 0.07), higher self-esteem (r = - 0.21), and higher bully victimization (r = 0.13). Higher self-esteem was associated with fewer ACE (r = 0.25) and lower bully victimization (r = 0.16), whereas bully victimization was positively correlated with ACE (r = 0.20). The correlations were all statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Oginni
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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15
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Mokari-Yamchi A, Faramarzi A, Salehi-Sahlabadi A, Barati M, Ghodsi D, Jabbari M, Hekmatdoost A. Food Security and Its Association with Social Support in the Rural Households: A Cross-Sectional Study. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:146-152. [PMID: 32676465 PMCID: PMC7333000 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.2.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity is a major and multidimensional global problem, particularly in rural and vulnerable areas. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to identify the relationship between social support and food insecurity in 404 Iranian rural households. We selected the sample by cluster random sampling and collected data using three questionnaires [demographic, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), and United States Department of Agriculture food security questionnaires] and analyzed data using chi-square tests and logistic regression (using SPSS version 19.0). Of the 404 Iranian households, 168 (41.6%) were classified as food secure. The logistic regression analysis revealed that education and job status of the household heads and household income were significantly associated with food security status. Additionally, perceived social support was protective against food insecurity after adjusting for confounding factors [compared with the first quartile, second quartile odds ratio (OR)=1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94∼3.3 and fourth quartile OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.13∼4.33]. This study indicated that social support contributes to a reduced chance of food insecurity in rural households. These results suggest that policy makers should focus on strengthening social support in vulnerable communities to help protect against hunger and poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mokari-Yamchi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Ayoub Faramarzi
- Statistical Research Center, Statistical Center of Iran, Tehran 1414663111, Iran
| | - Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Meisam Barati
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Delaram Ghodsi
- Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
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16
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Takagi E, Saito Y. Japanese older adults’ loneliness, family relationships and mortality: Does one's living arrangement make a difference? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:156-160. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Takagi
- San Francisco State University San Francisco California USA
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17
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Holt-Lunstad J, Uchino BN. Social Ambivalence and Disease (SAD): A Theoretical Model Aimed at Understanding the Health Implications of Ambivalent Relationships. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:941-966. [PMID: 31533019 PMCID: PMC7089572 DOI: 10.1177/1745691619861392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protective influence of social relationships on health is widely documented; however, not all relationships are positive, and negative aspects of relationships may be detrimental. Much less is known about the relationships characterized by both positivity and negativity (i.e., ambivalence). This article provides a theoretical framework for considering the influence of ambivalent relationships on physical health, including reasons why ambivalence should be considered separately from relationships characterized as primarily positive (supportive) or primarily negative (aversive). We introduce the social ambivalence and disease (SAD) model as a guide to understanding the social psychological antecedents, processes, and consequences of ambivalent relationships. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and features of the SAD model that may serve as a guide to future research on potential health-relevant pathways of ambivalent relationships.
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18
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Dağlar G, Nur N, Bilgiç D, Aydın Özkan S. Gebelerin stresle başa çıkma tarzları ile yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişki. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.491840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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19
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Drudi LM, Ades M, Turkdogan S, Huynh C, Lauck S, Webb JG, Piazza N, Martucci G, Langlois Y, Perrault LP, Asgar AW, Labinaz M, Lamy A, Noiseux N, Peterson MD, Arora RC, Lindman BR, Bendayan M, Mancini R, Trnkus A, Kim DH, Popma JJ, Afilalo J. Association of Depression With Mortality in Older Adults Undergoing Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. JAMA Cardiol 2019; 3:191-197. [PMID: 29344620 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Depression is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about depression in older adults undergoing transcatheter (TAVR) or surgical (SAVR) aortic valve replacement. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression and its association with all-cause mortality in older adults undergoing TAVR or SAVR. Design, Setting, and Participants This preplanned analysis of the Frailty Aortic Valve Replacement (FRAILTY-AVR) prospective cohort study included 14 centers in 3 countries from November 15, 2011, through April 7, 2016. Individuals 70 years or older who underwent TAVR or SAVR were enrolled. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form at baseline and follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause mortality at 1 and 12 months after TAVR or SAVR. Logistic regression was used to determine the association of depression with mortality after adjusting for confounders such as frailty and cognitive impairment. Results Among 1035 older adults (427 men [41.3%] and 608 women [58.7%]) with a mean (SD) age of 81.4 (6.1) years, 326 (31.5%) had a positive result of screening for depression, whereas only 89 (8.6%) had depression documented in their clinical record. After adjusting for clinical and geriatric confounders, baseline depression was found to be associated with mortality at 1 month (odds ratio [OR], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.18-4.10) and at 12 months (OR, 1.532; 95% CI, 1.03-2.24). Persistent depression, defined as baseline depression that was still present 6 months after the procedure, was associated with a 3-fold increase in mortality at 12 months (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.08-8.20). Conclusions and Relevance One in 3 older adults undergoing TAVR or SAVR had depressive symptoms at baseline and a higher risk of short-term and midterm mortality. Patients with persistent depressive symptoms at follow-up had the highest risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Drudi
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Vascular Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Ades
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sena Turkdogan
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Huynh
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sandra Lauck
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John G Webb
- Centre for Heart Valve Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicolo Piazza
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Martucci
- Division of Cardiology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yves Langlois
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis P Perrault
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anita W Asgar
- Division of Cardiology, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marino Labinaz
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Lamy
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Hamilton Health Sciences, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark D Peterson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, St Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brian R Lindman
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Melissa Bendayan
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rita Mancini
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Trnkus
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dae H Kim
- Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey J Popma
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Afilalo
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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20
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Howick J, Kelly P, Kelly M. Establishing a causal link between social relationships and health using the Bradford Hill Guidelines. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100402. [PMID: 31193417 PMCID: PMC6527915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An abundance of evidence suggests that the size and quality of our social relationships improves humans' physical and mental health while increasing lifespan. However most of this evidence comes from observational rather than experimental (randomised trial) evidence, leaving open the possibility that the connection between social relationships and health could be associational rather than causal. However there are examples, including the link between smoking and lung cancer, where a cause was established without experimental evidence. This was sometimes achieved by looking at the totality of evidence, using the 'Bradford Hill Guidelines', which considers factors including the strength of association, reversibility, and evidence of a plausible mechanism. In this paper we apply the Bradford Hill Guidelines to the link between social relationships and health. We conclude that having strong and supportive social relationships causes better health and longer life. Beyond establishing that social relationships are a causal factor for health, the method we used here can be applied to other areas where randomised trials are unethical or not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Howick
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Science, Faculty of Philosophy, 32 Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- University of Edinburgh, Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (SPEHS), Moray House School of Education, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Kelly
- University of Cambridge, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, United Kingdom
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21
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Pouraboli B, Abazari F, Abbasi T, Mehdizadeh A, Jahani Y. The relationship between anxiety and social support in male and female students in high schools in the southeast of Iran. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0029/ijamh-2018-0029.xml. [PMID: 30422799 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescence is associated with physical, social and personality changes. Adolescents usually face some fears during this period, the removal and adjustment of which requires family and teachers' support and the lack of attention to the issues of maturity will have negative effects on their health, awareness and self-esteem. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and social support among male and femaille students in high schools in the southeast of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study that was conducted as a descriptive comparison, 452 students who were studying in the first period of high school in Kerman (junior high schools) were selected as the entire population by the cluster sampling method and the data collection instruments were: a demographic questionnaire, Philips Social Support Scale and the Cattle Anxiety Scale. As well as descriptive statistics, to test the hypothesis of this study by SPSS software, and in the case of abnormal distribution of each variable, non-parametric tests were used. RESULTS The results showed that anxiety in girls is great than in boys, also data analysis through Pearson's test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between anxiety and social support in girls (r = -0.428, n = 226, p < 0.001) and boys (r = -0.378, n = 226, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of research showed that by increasing perceptions of social support in students, their anxiety decreases. Therefore, paying attention to the social determinants of health such as social support is important and necessary to reduce the anxiety of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Pouraboli
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faroukh Abazari
- Department of Community Health, Nursing and Midwifery School of Razi, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahere Abbasi
- Nursing and Midwifery Kerman School of Razi, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mehdizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yunes Jahani
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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22
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Ramirez JL, Drudi LM, Grenon SM. Review of biologic and behavioral risk factors linking depression and peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 2018; 23:478-488. [DOI: 10.1177/1358863x18773161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of depression has been rising rapidly, and depression has been recognized as one of the world’s leading causes of disability. More recently, depression has been associated with an increased risk of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease as well as worse perioperative outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated an association between depression and peripheral artery disease (PAD), which has been estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide. These studies have identified that depression is associated with poor functional and surgical outcomes in patients with PAD. Although the directionality and specific mechanisms underlying this association have yet to be clearly defined, several biologic and behavioral risk factors have been identified to play a role in this relationship. These factors include tobacco use, physical inactivity, medical non-adherence, endothelial and coagulation dysfunction, and dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic system, and immune system. In this article, we review these potential mechanisms and the current evidence linking depression and PAD, as well as future directions for research and interventional strategies. Understanding and elucidating this relationship may assist in preventing the development of PAD and may improve the care that patients with PAD and comorbid depression receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Ramirez
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura M Drudi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Marlene Grenon
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vascular Surgery Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Harandi TF, Taghinasab MM, Nayeri TD. The correlation of social support with mental health: A meta-analysis. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5212-5222. [PMID: 29038699 PMCID: PMC5633215 DOI: 10.19082/5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Social support is an important factor that can affect mental health. In recent decades, many studies have been done on the impact of social support on mental health. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect size of the relationship between social support and mental health in studies in Iran. Methods This meta-analysis was carried out in studies that were performed from 1996 through 2015. Databases included SID and Magiran, the comprehensive portal of human sciences, Noor specialized magazine databases, IRANDOC, Proquest, PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, Iranmedex and Google Scholar. The keywords used to search these websites included “mental health or general health,” and “Iran” and “social support.” In total, 64 studies had inclusion criteria meta-analysis. In order to collect data used from a meta-analysis worksheet that was made by the researcher and for data analysis software, CMA-2 was used. Results The mean of effect size of the 64 studies in the fixed-effect model and random-effect model was obtained respectively as 0.356 and 0.330, which indicated the moderate effect size of social support on mental health. The studies did not have publication bias, and enjoyed a heterogeneous effect size. The target population and social support questionnaire were moderator variables, but sex, sampling method, and mental health questionnaire were not moderator variables. Conclusion Regarding relatively high effect size of the correlation between social support and mental health, it is necessary to predispose higher social support, especially for women, the elderly, patients, workers, and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Fasihi Harandi
- Ph.D. Of Health Education and Health Promotion, Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Bakhtiyari M, Emaminaeini M, Hatami H, Khodakarim S, Sahaf R. Depression and Perceived Social Support in the Elderly. SALMAND 2017. [DOI: 10.21859/sija-1202192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Hämmig O. Health and well-being at work: The key role of supervisor support. SSM Popul Health 2017; 3:393-402. [PMID: 29349232 PMCID: PMC5769068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore whether and in what way social support from different sources and domains makes an additional or different and independent contribution to various health and work-related outcomes. Cross-sectional data were used from an employee survey among the workforces of four service companies from different industries in Switzerland. The study sample covered 5,877 employees of working age. The lack of social support from a spouse, relatives, friends, direct supervisors, closest colleagues at work and other co-workers in case of problems at work and at home were assessed and studied individually and jointly as risk factors with respect to a total number of eight outcomes. Health-related outcomes covered poor self-rated health, musculoskeletal disorders, stress feelings and burnout symptoms. Work-related outcomes included feeling overwhelmed at work, difficulty with switching off after work, job dissatisfaction and intention to turnover. Social support from multiple sources in contrast to only individual sources in both life domains was found to be more frequent in women than in men and proved to be most protective and beneficial with regard to health and well-being at work. However, after mutual adjustment of all single sources of social support from both domains, a lack of supervisor support turned out to be the only or the strongest of the few remaining support measures and statistically significant risk factors for the studied outcomes throughout and by far. Being unable to count on the support of a direct supervisor in case of problems at work and even at home was shown to involve a substantially increased risk of poor health and work-related outcomes (aOR = up to 3.8). Multiple sources of social support, and particularly supervisor support, seem to be important resources of health and well-being at work and need to be considered as key factors in workplace health promotion. Social support from only few sources instead of multiple sources was observed to be more frequent in men than women. Social support from only few sources was found to be a strong risk factor for health and well-being at work. When examined individually but simultaneously, lack of supervisor support almost consistently turned out to be the only or the strongest risk factor by far. Associations found between lack of supervisor support and health/work outcomes were strongest in case of problems at work and for outcomes such as burnout, turnover intention and job dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hämmig
- University of Zurich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
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Szalai M, Szirmai A, Füge K, Makai A, Erdélyi G, Prémusz V, Bódis J. Special aspects of social support: Qualitative analysis of oncologic rehabilitation through a belly dancing peer support group. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2017; 26. [PMID: 28194904 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-related peer support groups (PSGs) show long-term development in quality of life and coping, and decrease distress in cancer care. To clarify channels of social support in oncologic rehabilitation by combined exercise and psychosocial therapy, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted after 1 year additional belly dance rehabilitation in a closed PSG among 51 patients with malignant tumour diagnosis in Budapest, Hungary. Interview data were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis (ATLAS.ti 6 Win). Results suggest that group experience provides emotional-, practical- and informational support. We could point out specific social effects of "role model" function and extend the coping model. The group dispose all the features of effective suggestion and may be effectively applied as additional therapy for patients with malignancies. The extended coping model and the introduction of "role model" function could be useful for PSGs' efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Szalai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Szirmai
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Füge
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - A Makai
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - G Erdélyi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - V Prémusz
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - J Bódis
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Prescott E, Godtfredsen N, Osler M, Schnohr P, Barefoot J. Social gradient in the metabolic syndrome not explained by psychosocial and behavioural factors: evidence from the Copenhagen City Heart Study∗. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:405-12. [PMID: 17568240 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e32800ff169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stressors may mediate the effect of social status on the metabolic syndrome (MS). The paper explores this hypothesis in a random sample of the general population. DESIGN A total of 3462 women and 2576 men aged 20-97 years from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. METHODS An MS index was defined from the seven components: waist-hip ratio, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. Social status was measured by educational level. Psychosocial factors included fatigue and depression, perceived stress, social network and cohabitation. Behavioural factors were smoking, alcohol and physical activity. RESULTS There was an inverse social gradient in the prevalence of the seven components of the MS. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for occupying the most disadvantaged quintile, comparing highest with lowest educational level, were for men and women, respectively: waist-hip ratio 0.48 (0.34-0.69) and 0.48 (0.33-0.69); HDL-cholesterol 0.61 (0.45-0.84) and 0.46 (0.33-0.64); triglycerides 0.71 (0.51-0.98) and 0.37 (0.25-0.53); SBP 0.64 (0.44-0.92) and 0.76 (0.50-1.15); blood glucose 0.57 (0.41-0.80) and 0.55 (0.38-0.78); CRP 0.53 (0.37-0.74) and 0.44 (0.31-0.63), and fibrinogen 0.50 (0.35-0.70) and 0.56 (0.38-0.82). The pooled OR for having an MS index score of 3 or more was 0.32 (0.24-0.42) for highest versus lowest educational level. A higher fatigue and depression score in both sexes and a lack of social support in men were associated with the MS, as were smoking, low alcohol consumption and a lack of physical activity. However, OR for educational level were not affected by adjustment for the psychosocial or behavioural factors. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong inverse social gradient in the prevalence of the MS, which is not explained by psychosocial or major behavioural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Prescott
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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de Hoog N, Bolman C, Berndt N, Kers E, Mudde A, de Vries H, Lechner L. Smoking cessation in cardiac patients: the influence of action plans, coping plans and self-efficacy on quitting smoking. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2016; 31:350-362. [PMID: 26827369 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Smoking cessation is the most effective action for cardiac patients who smoke to improve their prognosis, yet more than one-half of cardiac patients continue to smoke after hospital admission. This study examined the influence of action plans, coping plans and self-efficacy on intention to quit and smoking cessation in cardiac patients. Cardiac patients completed a baseline questionnaire (N = 245) assessing demographic characteristics, smoking behavior, intention, self-efficacy, relapse self-efficacy and action and coping plans. Six months later (N = 184) continued abstinence from smoking was assessed. Self-efficacy predicted intention to quit smoking and was an indirect predictor of continued abstinence, through intention. Intention to quit smoking and making action plans both directly influenced continued abstinence. Future interventions to facilitate smoking cessation in cardiac patients should put strong emphasis on enhancing self-efficacy and on making specific action plans to increase the likelihood of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha de Hoog
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands,
| | - Catherine Bolman
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadine Berndt
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands, Cellule D'expertise Médicale, Inspection Générale De La Sécurité Sociale, Ministère De La Sécurité Sociale, Luxembourg and
| | - Esther Kers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Aart Mudde
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion and School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Lechner
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
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Psychosocial Mechanisms Linking the Social Environment to Mental Health in African Americans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154035. [PMID: 27119366 PMCID: PMC4847864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resource-poor social environments predict poor health, but the mechanisms and processes linking the social environment to psychological health and well-being remain unclear. This study explored psychosocial mediators of the association between the social environment and mental health in African American adults. African American men and women (n = 1467) completed questionnaires on the social environment, psychosocial factors (stress, depressive symptoms, and racial discrimination), and mental health. Multiple-mediator models were used to assess direct and indirect effects of the social environment on mental health. Low social status in the community (p < .001) and U.S. (p < .001) and low social support (p < .001) were associated with poor mental health. Psychosocial factors significantly jointly mediated the relationship between the social environment and mental health in multiple-mediator models. Low social status and social support were associated with greater perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and perceived racial discrimination, which were associated with poor mental health. Results suggest the relationship between the social environment and mental health is mediated by psychosocial factors and revealed potential mechanisms through which social status and social support influence the mental health of African American men and women. Findings from this study provide insight into the differential effects of stress, depression and discrimination on mental health. Ecological approaches that aim to improve the social environment and psychosocial mediators may enhance health-related quality of life and reduce health disparities in African Americans.
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Szalai M, Lévay B, Szirmai A, Papp I, Prémusz V, Bódis J. A clinical study to assess the efficacy of belly dancing as a tool for rehabilitation in female patients with malignancies. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2014; 19:60-5. [PMID: 25201130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This prospective, non-randomised follow-up study was designed to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), perceived social support (PSS) and overall life satisfaction (OLS) in female patients receiving standard medical care for malignant diseases with or without additional belly dancing. METHOD The patients were recruited in the Outpatient Department of the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary during the period of 2008-2009. 55 patients joined the one-year-long rehabilitation program (research group, RG) while 59 age-matched patients who received only standard medical care volunteered for clinical assessment (control group, CG). HRQoL, PSS and OLS were assessed using validated questionnaires: EORTC QLQ-C30, F-SozU-K14, and Campbell's OLS, respectively. The scores obtained in RG and CG were controlled for baseline socio-demographic characteristics and evaluated by ANCOVA analysis. RESULTS It was found that patients of the RG scored better at both the baseline and follow-up than the CG, and the differences between the two groups' measured parameters increased further during the course of the study. The respective baseline values in RG and CG were 56.6 ± 10.3 vs 63.5 ± 12 for HRQoL, 65.2 ± 5.5 vs 57.4 ± 8.8 for PSS and 57.4 ± 8.1 vs 48.4 ± 10.7 for OLS. The corresponding follow-up scores were 51.9 ± 4.4 vs 59.9 ± 11.2 (F = 10.637, p = 0.001) for HRQoL, 67.5 ± 2.7 vs 53.9 ± 10.5 (F = 2.646, p = 0.000) for PSS and 59.5 ± 9.6 vs 45.0 ± 11.5 (F = 2.402, p = 0.001) for OLS. CONCLUSIONS Belly dance intervention can be applied as a complementary rehabilitation method to improve HRQoL, PSS and OLS in female patients treated for malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Szalai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György utca 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Lévay
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Ráth György utca 7-9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Szirmai
- Doctoral School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, Egyetem tér 1-3, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Papp
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Prémusz
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - József Bódis
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
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Shishehgar S, Mahmoodi A, Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Bakhtiary M, Alavi Majd H. The Relationship of Social Support and Quality of Life with the Level of Stress in Pregnant Women Using the PATH Model. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:560-5. [PMID: 24396574 PMCID: PMC3871742 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Lack of adequate social support, stress, and generally poor quality of life during pregnancy leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship of social support and quality of life with level of stress during pregnancy. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive-correlative study conducted on 210 pregnant women (meeting study criteria), attending Shahriar Social Services Hospital during 2012. Purposive convenient sampling was used. Study subjects completed questionnaires of obstetrics and demographics, VAUX social support, World Health Organization quality of life, and stress during pregnancy. Data were analyzed with SPSS-19 and Lisrel 8.8, utilizing statistical path analysis. Results The final path model fitted well (CF1 = 1, RMSEA = 0.00) and showed that direct quality of life paths with β = -0.2, and indirect social support with β = -0.088 had the most effects on reduction of stress during pregnancy. Conclusion Social support indirectly and quality of life directly affect stress during pregnancy. Thus, health officials should attempt to establish measures to further enhance social support and quality of life of pregnant women to reduce stress and its consequences during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shishehgar
- Department of Midwifery, International branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abolfazl Mahmoodi
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Abolfazl Mahmoodi, Department of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2122756112,, E-mail:
| | - Mahrokh Dolatian
- Department of Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zohreh Mahmoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiary
- Department of Psychiatric, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Alavi Majd
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Social relationship quantity and quality are associated with mortality, but it is unclear whether each relationship dimension is equally important for longevity and whether these associations are sensitive to baseline health status. METHODS This study examined the individual and joint associations of relationship quantity (measured using a social integration score) and quality (measured by perceived social support) with mortality in a representative US sample (n = 30,574). The study also evaluated whether these associations were consistent across individuals with and without diagnosed chronic illness and whether they were independent of socioeconomic status (SES; education, income, employment, and wealth). Baseline data were collected in 2001 and were linked to vital status records 5 years later (1836 deaths). RESULTS Both social integration and social support were individually related to mortality (hazard ratios [HRs] = 0.83 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.80-0.85] and HR = 0.94 [95% CI = 0.89-0.98], respectively). However, in multivariate models including demographic and SES variables, social integration (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.83-0.89) but not social support (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98-1.08) was associated with mortality. The social integration association was linear and consistent across baseline health status and men and women. CONCLUSIONS Social integration but not social support was independently associated with mortality in the US sample. This association was consistent across baseline health status and not accounted for by SES.
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Predicting Depression from Illness Severity in Cardiovascular Disease Patients: Self-efficacy Beliefs, Illness Perception, and Perceived Social Support as Mediators. Int J Behav Med 2013; 21:221-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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White-Williams C, Grady KL, Naftel DC, Myers S, Wang E, Rybarczyk B. The relationship of socio-demographic factors and satisfaction with social support at five and 10 yr after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2012; 27:267-73. [PMID: 23278755 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that social support has been found to be important to cardiovascular health, there is a paucity of information regarding the relationship between social support and outcomes long term after heart transplantation (HT). The purposes of this study were to examine demographic and psychosocial characteristics and their relationship to social support after HT and to identify whether socio-demographic variables are predictors of satisfaction with social support post-HT. METHODS Data were collected from 555 HT patients (pts) (78% men, 88% white, mean age = 53.8 yr at time of transplant) at four US medical centers using the following instruments: Social Support Index, QOL Index, HT Stressor Scale, Jalowiec Coping Scale, Sickness Impact Profile, Cardiac Depression Scale, and medical records review. Statistical analyses included t-tests, correlations, and linear and multivariate regression. RESULTS There were no associations between education and ethnicity and perception of social support at five and 10 yr after HT. Married and older pts reported higher satisfaction with social support after HT. Being married and having higher education were predictors of better overall satisfaction with social support at 10 yr post-heart transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of relationships between socio-demographic factors and social support may assist clinicians to address social support needs and resources long term after HT.
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Influence of individual and social contextual factors on changes in leisure-time physical activity in working-class populations: results of the Healthy Directions-Small Businesses Study. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1475-87. [PMID: 22806257 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of the Harvard Cancer Prevention Program Project, we sought to address disparities reflected in social class and race/ethnicity by developing and testing a behavioral intervention model that targeted fruit and vegetable consumption, red meat consumption, multivitamin intake, and physical activity in working-class, multiethnic populations. METHODS This paper examined the associations between change in leisure-time physical activity and individual and social contextual factors in participants employed in small businesses (n = 850) at both baseline and at 18-month final. RESULTS In bivariate analyses, age, language acculturation, social ties, and workplace social capital were significantly associated with physical activity at final. In multivariable analyses, being younger and having high language acculturation were significantly associated with greater leisure-time physical activity at final; high workplace social capital was significantly associated with a decline in physical activity at final. CONCLUSION These findings have implications for understanding factors that are integral to promoting change in physical activity among working-class, multiethnic populations.
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The integration of depressive behaviors and cardiac dysfunction during an operational measure of depression: investigating the role of negative social experiences in an animal model. Psychosom Med 2012; 74:612-9. [PMID: 22753634 PMCID: PMC3392416 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31825ca8e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a bidirectional association between depression and cardiovascular disease. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying this association may involve an inability to cope with disrupted social bonds. This study investigated in an animal model the integration of depressive behaviors and cardiac dysfunction after a disrupted social bond and during an operational measure of depression, relative to the protective effects of intact social bonds. METHODS Depressive behaviors in the forced swim test and continuous electrocardiographic parameters were measured in 14 adult, female socially monogamous prairie voles (rodents), after 4 weeks of social pairing or isolation. RESULTS After social isolation, animals exhibited (all values are mean ± standard error of the mean; isolated versus paired, respectively) increased heart rate (416 ± 14 versus 370 ± 14 bpm, p < .05) and reduced heart rate variability (3.3 ± 0.2 versus 3.9 ± 0.2 ln(ms(2))). During the forced swim test, isolated animals exhibited greater helpless behavior (immobility = 106 ± 11 versus 63 ± 11 seconds, p < .05), increased heart rate (530 ± 22 versus 447 ± 15 bpm, p < .05), reduced heart rate variability (1.8 ± 0.4 versus 2.7 ± 0.2 ln(ms(2)), p < .05), and increased arrhythmias (arrhythmic burden score = 181 ± 46 versus 28 ± 12, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The display of depressive behaviors during an operational measure of depression is coupled with increased heart rate, reduced heart rate variability, and increased arrhythmias, indicative of dysfunctional behavioral and physiological stress coping abilities as a function of social isolation. In contrast, social pairing with a sibling is behaviorally protective and cardioprotective. The present results can provide insight into a possible social mechanism underlying the association between depression and cardiovascular disease in humans.
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Burns MN, Kamen C, Lehman KA, Beach SRH. Attributions for discriminatory events and satisfaction with social support in gay men. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:659-671. [PMID: 21892692 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Attributions modulate the impact of stressful events on mental health. However, little is known about attributions for discriminatory events and their relationship to psychosocial outcomes in sexual minority individuals. Relationships were examined between gay men's attributions for discrimination and their satisfaction with social support, a variable critical to mental health in this population. Gay men (N=307) completed online measures of satisfaction with social support, attributions for discriminatory events, and key minority stress constructs. Self blaming attributions for discrimination were associated with decreased satisfaction with social support, independent of the frequency with which participants reported experiencing discrimination. The link between self blaming and satisfaction with social support was partially mediated by a latent affective construct comprised of anxiety, depression, and low positive affect. A moderation effect was also found, such that the relationship between frequency of perceived discriminatory events and dissatisfaction with social support was amplified for men reporting more blame toward perpetrators of discrimination. Results support attributions for discrimination as valuable additions to minority stress models. Assessing self and other blame for these discriminatory events may help to clarify pathways by which discrimination can undermine gay men's satisfaction with their social support networks.
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Berndt N, Bolman C, Mudde A, Verheugt F, de Vries H, Lechner L. Risk groups and predictors of short-term abstinence from smoking in patients with coronary heart disease. Heart Lung 2012; 41:332-43. [PMID: 22534209 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to identify risk groups among smoking cardiac patients from their social cognitive profiles, and to assess predictors of smoking abstinence shortly after discharge. METHODS Smoking cardiac patients (n = 133) completed questionnaires at hospital admission and 1 month after discharge. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to detect risk groups of smokers, based on baseline scores for smoking-related social cognitions. Regression analyses were used to identify predictors of the intention to abstain from smoking and smoking abstinence 1 month after discharge. RESULTS Three groups of smokers were distinguished that differed significantly on the pros of nonsmoking, self-efficacy expectancies toward nonsmoking, social support, social modeling, and smoking behavior. Abstinence from smoking 1 month after discharge was predicted by group membership and a stronger intention to quit. A previous hospital admission because of a cardiac event significantly decreased the likelihood of abstinence. CONCLUSIONS One third of cardiac patients are at high risk of continuing smoking after hospital discharge because of an unfavorable smoking and disease history and a poor social cognitive profile. Interventions for cardiac patients should address risk profiles to achieve long-term abstinence. The implications of nursing practices in smoking cessation treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Berndt
- Department of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physically inactive lifestyles and sedentary behaviors (SB) are key contributors to ill health. Although the association between SB (e.g., watching TV/using the computer) and physical health has been well documented, increasing research has focused on the possible link between SB and mental health (e.g., depression). PURPOSE This review aims to investigate the effect of SB on the risk of depression in adults. METHOD A systematic search for original research articles investigating associations between SB and depression in adults was performed using the several electronic data bases. RESULTS A total of seven observational and four intervention studies were included in this review. All observational studies found positive associations between SB and risk of depression, while intervention studies showed contradictory results. CONCLUSION Evidence for the relationship between SB and risk of depression in adults is limited by methodological weaknesses. However, on balance, this review suggests that SB is associated with an increased risk of depression. Further studies are needed assessing different types of SB and depression; the interrelationship between physical activity, SB, and depression; causal links between SB and depression; and intervention strategies aimed at reducing SB and their effects on risk of depression.
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Barefoot JC, Brummett BH, Williams RB, Siegler IC, Helms MJ, Boyle SH, Clapp-Channing NE, Mark DB. Recovery expectations and long-term prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 171:929-35. [PMID: 21357800 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2011.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expectations of patients regarding their prospects for recovery have been shown to predict subsequent physical and social functioning. Evidence regarding the impact of expectations on clinical outcomes is limited. METHODS At the inpatient service of a tertiary care hospital, we evaluated beliefs of patients undergoing coronary angiography about their prognosis as predictors of long-term survival and 1-year functional status. Baseline assessments, including a measure of expectations for recovery, were obtained during hospitalization with mortality follow-up for approximately 15 years. Patients with significant obstructive coronary artery disease were interviewed while in the hospital and enrolled in follow-up. Functional status was assessed at baseline and 1 year later with questionnaires reflecting physical capabilities. Analyses controlled for age, sex, disease severity, comorbidities, treatments, demographics, depressive symptoms, social support, and functional status. There were 1637 total deaths, 885 from cardiovascular causes, in the 2818 patients in these analyses. The outcomes were total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and 1-year functional status. RESULTS Expectations were positively associated with survival after controlling for background and clinical disease indicators. For a difference equivalent to an interquartile range of expectations, the hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.82) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.69-0.83) for cardiovascular mortality. The HRs were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.91) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.70-0.89) with further adjustments for demographic and psychosocial covariates. Similar associations (P < .001) were observed for functional status. CONCLUSION Recovery expectations at baseline were positively associated with long-term survival and functioning in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Barefoot
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Abstract
This article presents an overview of statistical mediation analysis and its application to psychosomatic medicine research. The article begins with a description of the major approaches to mediation analysis and an evaluation of the strengths and limits of each. Emphasis is placed on longitudinal mediation models, and an application using latent growth modeling is presented. The article concludes with a description of recent developments in mediation analysis and suggestions for the use of mediation for future work in psychosomatic medicine research.
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León TC, Nouwen A, Sheffield D, Jaumdally R, Lip GYH. Anger rumination, social support, and cardiac symptoms in patients undergoing angiography. Br J Health Psychol 2010; 15:841-57. [DOI: 10.1348/135910710x491360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jeong Y, Kim JY, Ryu JS, Lee KE, Ha EH, Park H. The Associations between Social Support, Health-Related Behaviors, Socioeconomic Status and Depression in Medical Students. Epidemiol Health 2010; 32:e2010009. [PMID: 21191462 PMCID: PMC3006478 DOI: 10.4178/epih/e2010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression in medical students and to evaluate whether interpersonal social support, health-related behaviors, and socio-economic factors were associated with depression in medical students. METHODS The subjects in this study were 120 medical students in Seoul, Korea who were surveyed in September, 2008. The subjects were all women and over the age of 20. Their age, body mass index (BMI), quality of sleep, diet, household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise levels, and self-reported health status were surveyed. The degree of perceived social support was measured using the interpersonal support evaluation list (ISEL). Depression was evaluated using the center for epidemiology studies depression scale (CES-D). RESULTS The mean CES-D score was 14.1±8.6 and 37.1% of the participants appeared to suffer from depression. Low levels of perceived interpersonal support increased the risk of depression by more than 10 times and having higher household income did not necessarily decrease the risk of depression. CONCLUSION Medical students have a relatively high level of depression. Efforts should be made to encourage social support in order to promote mental health in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoolwon Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB. Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med 2010; 7:e1000316. [PMID: 20668659 PMCID: PMC2910600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3373] [Impact Index Per Article: 240.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality and quantity of individuals' social relationships has been linked not only to mental health but also to both morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES This meta-analytic review was conducted to determine the extent to which social relationships influence risk for mortality, which aspects of social relationships are most highly predictive, and which factors may moderate the risk. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted on several participant characteristics, including cause of mortality, initial health status, and pre-existing health conditions, as well as on study characteristics, including length of follow-up and type of assessment of social relationships. RESULTS Across 148 studies (308,849 participants), the random effects weighted average effect size was OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.42 to 1.59), indicating a 50% increased likelihood of survival for participants with stronger social relationships. This finding remained consistent across age, sex, initial health status, cause of death, and follow-up period. Significant differences were found across the type of social measurement evaluated (p<0.001); the association was strongest for complex measures of social integration (OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.63 to 2.23) and lowest for binary indicators of residential status (living alone versus with others) (OR = 1.19; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.44). CONCLUSIONS The influence of social relationships on risk for mortality is comparable with well-established risk factors for mortality. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Holt-Lunstad
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, United States of America.
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Turner A, Phillips L, Hambridge JA, Baker AL, Bowman J, Colyvas K. Clinical outcomes associated with depression, anxiety and social support among cardiac rehabilitation attendees. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44:658-66. [PMID: 20560853 DOI: 10.3109/00048671003646751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize existing medical record information in order to examine the relationship between depression, anxiety, levels of social support and clinical outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation attendees. METHOD In a tertiary care centre 389 records for cardiac rehabilitation outpatients were analysed. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales scores collected at week 4 of their cardiac rehabilitation programme were linked with medical record information on demographic, lifestyle, medical and other coronary heart disease risk factors, as well as follow-up cardiovascular events and readmissions for an average of 2.6 years. Variables of interest were anxiety and depression scores and proxy measures of social support. Clinical outcome measures were number of hospital admissions, length of stay and mortality. RESULTS Multiple variable analysis revealed higher anxiety scores were associated with more hospital admissions and higher depression scores were associated with longer length of stay after controlling for other established prognostic risk factors. Depression, anxiety and social support were not associated with mortality, however there was a low mortality rate in the present study. CONCLUSION A comprehensive summary of the characteristics of cardiac rehabilitation patients was gathered through the linkage and examination of existing clinical databases. The results of this study provide some support for a prognostic role of depressive and anxiety symptoms and highlight the need for screening for psychological distress and provision of appropriate interventions when indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyna Turner
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
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Lack of social support in the etiology and the prognosis of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2010; 72:229-38. [PMID: 20223926 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e3181d01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relevance of low social support for the development and course of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Three electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, PsycINFO/PSYNDEX, and Web of Science 2007/03). More than 1700 papers were screened in a first step. We included prospective studies assessing the impact of social support in either an initially healthy study population (etiologic studies) or in a study population with preexisting CHD (prognostic studies). OUTCOMES Myocardial infarction in etiologic studies; cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in prognostic studies. Effects were reported as relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS There is some evidence for an impact of low functional social support on the prevalence of CHD in etiologic studies (RR, range, 1.00-2.23). In contrast, there is no evidence of an impact of low structural social support on the prevalence of myocardial infarction in healthy populations (RR, range, 1.01-1.2). In prognostic studies, results consistently show that low functional support negatively affects cardiac and all-cause mortality (pooled RR, range, 1.59-1.71). These results were also confirmed in analyses adjusted for other risk factors for disease progression (pooled HR, 1.59). It remains unclear whether low structural social support increases mortality in patients with CHD (pooled RR, between 1.56; pooled HR, 1.12, NS). CONCLUSIONS Because the perception of social support seems important for CHD prognosis, monitoring of functional social support is indicated in patients with CHD, and interventions to increase the perception of positive social resources are warranted.
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Randall G, Bhattacharyya MR, Steptoe A. Marital status and heart rate variability in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Ann Behav Med 2010; 38:115-23. [PMID: 19806415 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Married individuals are at reduced risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Recent research indicates that impaired heart rate variability (HRV) may contribute to cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and has also been associated with social isolation. PURPOSE We investigated associations between HRV and marital status in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Eighty-eight patients who were being investigated for suspected CAD (28 women, 60 men, mean age 61.6, 60% married) were recruited from three rapid access chest pain clinics in London. Heart rate variability was measured using 24-h electrocardiograms and analyzed using frequency and time-domain measures. RESULTS Unmarried marital status was associated with reduced heart rate variability as indexed by both frequency and time-domain measures, independently of age, gender, beta-blocker use, depression ratings, and subsequent diagnosis of significant CAD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that reduced heart rate variability is associated with not being married and may contribute to the reliably observed relationship between marital status and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Randall
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK.
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Spinale J, Cohen SD, Khetpal P, Peterson RA, Clougherty B, Puchalski CM, Patel SS, Kimmel PL. Spirituality, social support, and survival in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3:1620-7. [PMID: 18922991 PMCID: PMC2572290 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01790408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES No studies have evaluated the relationship among spirituality, social support, and survival in patients with ESRD. This study assessed whether spirituality was an independent predictor of survival in dialysis patients with ESRD after controlling for age, diabetes, albumin, and social support. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS A total of 166 patients who had ESRD and were treated with hemodialysis completed questionnaires on psychosocial variables, quality of life, and religious and spiritual beliefs. The religious variables were categorized into three scores on a 0 to 20 scale (low to high levels): Spirituality, religious involvement, and religion as coping. Social support was assessed using the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support. Analyses were also performed including and excluding patients with HIV infection. Religious variables were categorized on the basis of means, medians, and tertiles. RESULTS In analyses that used religious variables, only the responses on the spirituality scale split at the mean were associated with survival. The association of other religious variables with survival did not reach significance. Social support correlated with spirituality, religion as coping, and religious involvement measures. Only social support and age were associated with survival when controlling for diabetes, albumin concentration, HIV infection, and spirituality. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the effects of spirituality may be mediated by social support. Larger, multicenter, prospective studies that use well-validated tools to measure religiosity and spirituality are needed to determine whether there is an independent association of spirituality variables with survival in patients with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joann Spinale
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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The influence of close relationships on nocturnal blood pressure dipping. Int J Psychophysiol 2008; 71:211-7. [PMID: 18930771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of relationship-specific dimensions of social support (i.e., support, depth, conflict) on nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping and mental health (i.e., satisfaction with life, stress, and depression) among 303 normotensive and un-medicated hypertensive males and females ages 20-68. Results revealed that support was associated with better, and conflict with poorer, mental health; however, neither was associated with BP dipping. In contrast, relationship depth was associated with greater life satisfaction and greater systolic and diastolic BP dipping, and the effect on dipping was independent of sleep quality, age, hypertensive status, marital status, and level of perceived network support. Relationship conflict was moderated by marital status and gender. Low conflict for females, or with one's spouse, is associated with greater nocturnal diastolic BP dipping. Overall, this study found an association between close relationships and BP dipping, thus identifying one virtually unexplored mechanism by which close relationships may have a protective influence on health.
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