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Juang JH, Chen CL, Kao CW, Wu ST, Shen CR. In Vivo Imaging of Immune Rejection of MIN6 Cells Transplanted in C3H Mice. Cells 2024; 13:1044. [PMID: 38920672 PMCID: PMC11201743 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we successfully utilized noninvasive magnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging to track MIN6 cells subcutaneously transplanted in immunocompromised nude mice for up to 64 days. In this study, we further used bioluminescence imaging to investigate the immune rejection of MIN6 cells in immunocompetent C3H mice. A total of 5 × 106 luciferase-transfected MIN6 cells were implanted into the subcutaneous space of each nude or C3H mouse. After transplantation, hypoglycemia and persistent bioluminescence signals were observed in eight of eight (100%) nude mice and five of nine (56%) C3H mice (p < 0.05). We then presensitized a group of C3H mice with C57BL/6 spleen cells just prior to transplantation (n = 14). Interestingly, none of them had hypoglycemia or persistent bioluminescence signals (p < 0.01 vs. C3H mice without presensitization). Histological examination of the grafts revealed a lack or minimal presence of insulin-positive cells in recipients without hypoglycemia and persistent bioluminescence signals. In contrast, recipients with hypoglycemia and persistent bioluminescence signals showed a significant presence of insulin-positive cells in their grafts. Our results indicate that rejection of MIN6 cells occurred in C3H mice and could be enhanced by presensitization with C57BL/6 spleen cells and that bioluminescence imaging is a useful noninvasive tool for detecting rejection of subcutaneously transplanted MIN6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chen-Ling Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- R&D Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
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2
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Kuwabara R, Qin T, Alberto Llacua L, Hu S, Boekschoten MV, de Haan BJ, Smink AM, de Vos P. Extracellular matrix inclusion in immunoisolating alginate-based microcapsules promotes longevity, reduces fibrosis, and supports function of islet allografts in vivo. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:151-162. [PMID: 36610609 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoisolation of pancreatic-islets in alginate-microcapsules is applied to treat diabetes. However, long-term islet function is limited, which might be due to damaged and lack of contact with pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Herein we investigated the impact of collagen IV combined with laminin sequences, either RGD, LRE, or PDSGR, on graft-survival of microencapsulated bioluminescent islets in vivo. Collagen IV with RGD had the most pronounced effect. It enhanced after 8-week implantation in immune-incompetent mice the bioluminescence of allogeneic islets by 3.2-fold, oxygen consumption rate by 14.3-fold and glucose-induced insulin release by 9.6-fold. Transcriptomics demonstrated that ECM enhanced canonical pathways involving insulin-secretion and that it suppressed pathways related to inflammation and hypoxic stress. Also, 5.8-fold fewer capsules were affected by fibrosis. In a subsequent longevity study in immune-competent mice, microencapsulated allografts containing collagen IV and RGD had a 2.4-fold higher functionality in the first week after implantation and remained at least 2.1-fold higher during the study. Islets in microcapsules containing collagen IV and RGD survived 211 ± 24.1 days while controls survived 125 ± 19.7 days. Our findings provide in vivo evidence for the efficacy of supplementing immunoisolating devices with specific ECM components to enhance functionality and longevity of islet-grafts in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Limitations in duration of survival of immunoisolated pancreatic islet grafts is a major obstacle for application of the technology to treat diabetes. Accumulating evidence supports that incorporation of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the capsules enhances longevity of pancreatic islets. After selection of the most efficacious laminin sequence in vitro, we show in vivo that inclusion of collagen IV and RGD in alginate-based microcapsules enhances survival, insulin secretion function, and mitochondrial function. It also suppresses fibrosis by lowering proinflammatory cytokines secretion. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis shows that ECM-inclusion promotes insulin-secretion related pathways and attenuates inflammation and hypoxic stress related pathways in islets. We show that inclusion of ECM in immunoisolating devices is a promising strategy to promote long-term survival of islet-grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kuwabara
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tian Qin
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands.
| | - L Alberto Llacua
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Shuxian Hu
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J de Haan
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra M Smink
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Section Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, and University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
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3
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Wagner LE, Melnyk O, Duffett BE, Linnemann AK. Mouse models and human islet transplantation sites for intravital imaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:992540. [PMID: 36277698 PMCID: PMC9579277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.992540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human islet transplantations into rodent models are an essential tool to aid in the development and testing of islet and cellular-based therapies for diabetes prevention and treatment. Through the ability to evaluate human islets in an in vivo setting, these studies allow for experimental approaches to answer questions surrounding normal and disease pathophysiology that cannot be answered using other in vitro and in vivo techniques alone. Intravital microscopy enables imaging of tissues in living organisms with dynamic temporal resolution and can be employed to measure biological processes in transplanted human islets revealing how experimental variables can influence engraftment, and transplant survival and function. A key consideration in experimental design for transplant imaging is the surgical placement site, which is guided by the presence of vasculature to aid in functional engraftment of the islets and promote their survival. Here, we review transplantation sites and mouse models used to study beta cell biology in vivo using intravital microscopy and we highlight fundamental observations made possible using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E. Wagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Olha Melnyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bryce E. Duffett
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amelia K. Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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4
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Komatsu H, Gonzalez N, Ortiz J, Rawson J, Omori K, Kandeel F, Mullen Y. Early-Phase Luciferase Signals of Islet Grafts Predicts Successful Subcutaneous Site Transplantation in Rats. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:173-179. [PMID: 33140260 PMCID: PMC9870595 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes. Subcutaneous islet transplantation is currently under investigation as a means to circumvent problems associated with standard intra-hepatic islet transplantation. As modifications are being developed to improve the efficacy of subcutaneous islet transplantation, it is important to have robust methods to assess engraftment. Experimentally, ATP-dependent bioluminescence imaging using luciferase reporter genes has been effective for non-invasively tracking engraftment. However, it was heretofore unknown if the bioluminescence of subcutaneously transplanted luciferase-expressing islet grafts correlates with diabetes reversal, a primary outcome of transplantation. PROCEDURES A retrospective analysis was conducted using data obtained from subcutaneous islet transplantations in Lewis rats. The analysis included transplantations from our laboratory in which islet donors were transgenic rats ubiquitously expressing luciferase and recipients were wild type, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Data from 79 bioluminescence scans were obtained from 27 islet transplantations during the post-transplant observation period (up to 6 weeks). The bioluminescence intensity of the subcutaneously transplanted grafts, captured after the intravenous administration of luciferin, was correlated with diabetes reversal. RESULTS After subcutaneous transplantation, islet bioluminescence decreased over time, dropping > 50 % from 1 to 3 weeks post-transplant. Bioluminescence intensity in the early post-transplant phase (1-2 weeks) correlated with the subsequent reversal of diabetes; based on optimized bioluminescence cutoff values, the bioluminescence intensity of islets at 1 and 2 weeks predicted successful transplantations. However, intensity in the late post-transplant phase (≥ 4 weeks) did not reflect transplantation outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Early-phase bioluminescence imaging of luciferase-expressing islets could serve as a useful tool to predict the success of subcutaneous islet transplantations by preceding changes in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jose Ortiz
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Keiko Omori
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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Hladíková Z, Voglová B, Pátíková A, Berková Z, Kříž J, Vojtíšková A, Leontovyč I, Jirák D, Saudek F. Bioluminescence Imaging In Vivo Confirms the Viability of Pancreatic Islets Transplanted into the Greater Omentum. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:639-649. [PMID: 33599904 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The liver is the most widely used site for pancreatic islet transplantation. However, several site-specific limitations impair functional success, with instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction being the most important. The aim of this study was to develop a preclinical model for placement of the islet graft into a highly vascularized omental flap using a fibrin gel. For this purpose, we tested islet viability by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). PROCEDURES Pancreatic islets were isolated from luciferase-positive and luciferase-negative rats, mixed at a 1:1 ratio, placed into a plasma-thrombin bioscaffold, and transplanted in standard (10 pancreatic islets/g wt; n = 10) and marginal (4 pancreatic islets/g wt; n = 7) numbers into the omentums of syngeneic diabetic animals. For the control, 4 pancreatic islets/g were transplanted into the liver using the standard procedure (n = 7). Graft viability was tested by bioluminescence at days 14, 30, 60, and 90 post transplant. Glucose levels, intravenous glucose tolerance, and serum C-peptide were assessed regularly. RESULTS Nonfasting glucose levels < 10 mmol/l were restored in all animals. While islet viability in the omentum was clearly detected by stable luminescence signals throughout the whole study period, no signals were detected from islets transplanted into the liver. The bioluminescence signals were highly correlated with stimulated C-peptide levels detected at 80 days post transplant. Glucose tolerance did not differ among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS We successfully tested a preclinical model of islet transplantation into the greater omentum using a biocompatible scaffold made from autologous plasma and human thrombin. Both standard and marginal pancreatic islet numbers in a gel-form bioscaffold placed in the omentum restored glucose homeostasis in recipients with diabetes. Bioluminescence was shown promising as a direct proof of islet viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hladíková
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Voglová
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Pátíková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Berková
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kříž
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Vojtíšková
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Leontovyč
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Saudek
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. .,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Komatsu H, Gonzalez N, Kandeel F, Mullen Y. Intermittent normobaric oxygen inhalation enhances subcutaneous prevascularization for cell transplantation. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104070. [PMID: 32890600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subcutaneous tissue is a promising site for cell transplantation; advantages include minimally invasive procedures and easy post-transplant monitoring. However, limited vascularity is the major known challenge. To address this challenge, a prevascularized graft bed is prepared in recipients. We aimed to establish an improved, clinically applicable approach to promote prevascularization of the subcutaneous graft bed prior to cell transplantation. METHODS We applied a conventional prevascularization approach by subcutaneously implanting nylon discs into the backs of Lewis rats. After disc implantation, we treated rats with or without intermittent normobaric 100% oxygen inhalation (1 h, twice a day, for consecutive 7 days). We used histology to compare vascular density between the oxygen-treated or control groups. To assess the functional effects of prevascularization, we transplanted three hundred islets isolated from luciferase-transgenic Lewis rats into the oxygen-treated or control wild type Lewis recipients, then used bioluminescence imaging to track engraftment for 4 weeks. RESULTS Oxygen treatment significantly augmented prevascularization in the subcutaneous site compared to controls. Islet transplantation into prevascularized graft beds demonstrated significant improvement in engraftment efficiency in oxygen-treated recipients compared to controls at 2-4 weeks post-transplantation. CONCLUSION Combining intermittent normobaric 100% oxygen inhalation with a conventional vascularization approach promotes a functional vasculature within a week. A simple approach using normobaric oxygen has the potential for translation into clinical application in subcutaneous site cell transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotake Komatsu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Nelson Gonzalez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Mullen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Cheng CH, Lee CF, Oh BC, Furtmüller GJ, Patel CH, Brandacher G, Powell JD. Targeting Metabolism as a Platform for Inducing Allograft Tolerance in the Absence of Long-Term Immunosuppression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:572. [PMID: 32328063 PMCID: PMC7161684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplant tolerance in the absence of long-term immunosuppression has been an elusive goal for solid organ transplantation. Recently, it has become clear that metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role in promoting T cell activation, differentiation, and function. Targeting metabolism can preferentially inhibit T cell effector generation while simultaneously promoting the generation of T regulatory cells. We hypothesized that costimulatory blockade with CTLA4Ig in combination with targeting T cell metabolism might provide a novel platform to promote the induction of transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Cheng
- Sidney∼Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fang Lee
- Sidney∼Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Liver and Transplantation Surgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung Transplantation Institute, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Byoung Chol Oh
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Georg J Furtmüller
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chirag H Patel
- Sidney∼Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Sidney∼Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Bloomberg∼Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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8
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Kim GS, Lee JH, Shin DY, Lee HS, Park H, Lee KW, Yang HM, Kim SJ, Park JB. Integrated whole liver histologic analysis of the allogeneic islet distribution and characteristics in a nonhuman primate model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:793. [PMID: 31964980 PMCID: PMC6972963 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most obvious method to observe transplanted islets in the liver is direct biopsy, but the distribution and location of the best biopsy site in the recipient's liver are poorly understood. Islets transplanted into the whole liver of five diabetic cynomolgus monkeys that underwent insulin-independent survival for an extended period of time after allo-islet transplantation were analyzed for characteristics and distribution tendency. The liver was divided into segments (S1-S8), and immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to estimate the diameter, beta cell area, and islet location. Islets were more distributed in S2 depending on tissue size; however, the number of islets per tissue size was high in S1 and S8. Statistical analysis revealed that the characteristics of islets in S1 and S8 were relatively similar to other segments despite various transplanted islet dosages and survival times. In conclusion, S1, which exhibited high islet density and reflected the overall characteristics of transplanted islets, can be considered to be a reasonable candidate for a liver biopsy site in this monkey model. The findings obtained from the five monkey livers with similar anatomical features to human liver can be used as a reference for monitoring transplanted islets after clinical islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Soo Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Du Yeon Shin
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sin Lee
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojun Park
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,GenNBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Won Lee
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Mo Yang
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,GenNBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.,GenNBio Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Berm Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Graduate School, Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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Chendke GS, Faleo G, Juang C, Parent AV, Bernards DA, Hebrok M, Tang Q, Desai TA. Supporting Survival of Transplanted Stem-Cell-Derived Insulin-Producing Cells in an Encapsulation Device Augmented with Controlled Release of Amino Acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3. [PMID: 31633004 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising treatment for type I diabetes, which is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the host immune cells attack insulin-producing beta cells. The impact of this therapy is limited due to tissue availability and dependence on immunosuppressive drugs that prevent immune rejection of the transplanted cells. These issues can be solved by encapsulating stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells in an immunoprotective device. However, encapsulation exacerbates ischemia, and the lack of vasculature at the implantation site post-transplantation worsens graft survival. Here, an encapsulation device that supplements nutrients to the cells is developed to improve the survival of encapsulated stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells in the poorly vascularized subcutaneous space. An internal compartment in the device is fabricated to provide zero-order release of alanine and glutamine for several weeks. The amino acid reservoir sustains viability of insulin-producing cells in nutrient limiting conditions in vitro. Moreover, the reservoir also increases cell survival by 30% after transplanting the graft in the subcutaneous space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauree S Chendke
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gaetano Faleo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charity Juang
- UCSF Diabetes Center, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- UCSF Diabetes Center, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel A Bernards
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- UCSF Diabetes Center, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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10
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Gálisová A, Herynek V, Swider E, Sticová E, Pátiková A, Kosinová L, Kříž J, Hájek M, Srinivas M, Jirák D. A Trimodal Imaging Platform for Tracking Viable Transplanted Pancreatic Islets In Vivo: F-19 MR, Fluorescence, and Bioluminescence Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:454-464. [PMID: 30167995 PMCID: PMC6525139 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combining specific and quantitative F-19 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with sensitive and convenient optical imaging provides complementary information about the distribution and viability of transplanted pancreatic islet grafts. In this study, pancreatic islets (PIs) were labeled with positively charged multimodal nanoparticles based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-NPs) with encapsulated perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether and the near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green. PROCEDURES One thousand and three thousand bioluminescent PIs were transplanted into subcutaneous artificial scaffolds, which served as an alternative transplant site. The grafts were monitored using in vivo F-19 MR, fluorescence, and bioluminescence imaging in healthy rats for 2 weeks. RESULTS Transplanted PIs were unambiguously localized in the scaffolds by F-19 MRI throughout the whole experiment. Fluorescence was detected in the first 4 days after transplantation only. Importantly, in vivo bioluminescence correlated with the F-19 MRI signal. CONCLUSIONS We developed a trimodal imaging platform for in vivo examination of transplanted PIs. Fluorescence imaging revealed instability of the fluorescent dye and its limited applicability for longitudinal in vivo studies. A correlation between the bioluminescence signal and the F-19 MRI signal indicated the fast clearance of PLGA-NPs from the transplantation site after cell death, which addresses a major issue with intracellular imaging labels. Therefore, the proposed PLGA-NP platform is reliable for reflecting the status of transplanted PIs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gálisová
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Herynek
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Imaging, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Swider
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - E Sticová
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Pátiková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kosinová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kříž
- Diabetes Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Hájek
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - D Jirák
- MR Unit, Department of Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Liang S, Louchami K, Holvoet B, Verbeke R, Deroose CM, Manshian B, Soenen SJ, Lentacker I, Himmelreich U. Tri-modal In vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islets Transplanted Subcutaneously in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:940-951. [PMID: 29671177 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transplantation of pancreatic islets (PIs) is a promising therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes. The main obstacle for this strategy is that the outcome of islet engraftment depends on the engraftment site. It was our aim to develop a strategy for using non-invasive imaging techniques to assess the location and fate of transplanted PIs longitudinally in vivo. PROCEDURES In order to overcome the limitations of individual imaging techniques and cross-validate findings by different modalities, we have combined fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (F-19 MRI), fluorescence imaging (FLI), and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) for studying subcutaneously transplanted PIs and beta cell-like cells (INS-1E cell line) in vivo. We optimized the transduction (using lentiviral vectors) and labeling procedures (using perfluoro crown ether nanoparticles with a fluorescence dye) for PIs and INS-1E cell imaging. RESULTS The feasibility of using the proposed imaging methods for PI assessment was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggested that F-19 MRI is suitable for high-resolution localization of transplanted cells and PIs; FLI is essential for confirmation of contrast localization by histology; and BLI is a reliable method to assess cell viability and survival after transplantation. No significant side effects on cell viability and function have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tri-modal imaging platform is a valuable approach for the assessment of engrafted PIs in vivo. It is potentially suitable for comparing different transplantation sites and evaluating novel strategies for improving PI transplantation technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Karim Louchami
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bryan Holvoet
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bella Manshian
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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12
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Gálisová A, Fábryová E, Jirák D, Sticová E, Lodererová A, Herynek V, Kříž J, Hájek M. Multimodal Imaging Reveals Improvement of Blood Supply to an Artificial Cell Transplant Site Induced by Bioluminescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:15-23. [PMID: 27464498 PMCID: PMC5209399 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An artificial site for cell or pancreatic islet transplantation can be created using a polymeric scaffold, even though it suffers subcutaneously from improper vascularisation. A sufficient blood supply is crucial for graft survival and function and can be enhanced by transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of syngeneic MSCs on neoangiogenesis and cell engraftment in an artificial site by multimodal imaging. PROCEDURES MSCs expressing a gene for luciferase were injected into the artificial subcutaneous site 7 days after scaffold implantation. MRI experiments (anatomical and dynamic contrast-enhanced images) were performed on a 4.7-T scanner using gradient echo sequences. Bioluminescent images were acquired on an IVIS Lumina optical imager. Longitudinal examination was performed for 2 months, and one animal was monitored for 16 months. RESULTS We confirmed the long-term presence (lasting more than 16 months) of viable donor cells inside the scaffolds using bioluminescence imaging with an optical signal peak appearing on day 3 after MSC implantation. When compared to controls, the tissue perfusion and vessel permeability in the scaffolds were significantly improved at the site with MSCs with a maximal peak on day 9 after MSC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the maximal signal obtained by bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging from an artificially created site between 3 and 9 days after MSC transplantation can predict the optimal time range for subsequent cellular or tissue transplantation, including pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gálisová
- Department of RadioDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fábryová
- Center of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Department of RadioDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Sticová
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Lodererová
- Department of Clinical and Transplant Pathology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Herynek
- Department of RadioDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kříž
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hájek
- Department of RadioDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Chen C, Cohrs CM, Stertmann J, Bozsak R, Speier S. Human beta cell mass and function in diabetes: Recent advances in knowledge and technologies to understand disease pathogenesis. Mol Metab 2017; 6:943-957. [PMID: 28951820 PMCID: PMC5605733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma insulin levels are predominantly the product of the morphological mass of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and the functional status of each of these beta cells. Thus, deficiency in either beta cell mass or function, or both, can lead to insufficient levels of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia and diabetes. Nonetheless, the precise contribution of beta cell mass and function to the pathogenesis of diabetes as well as the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the past, this was largely due to the restricted number of technologies suitable for studying the scarcely accessible human beta cells. However, in recent years, a number of new platforms have been established to expand the available techniques and to facilitate deeper insight into the role of human beta cell mass and function as cause for diabetes and as potential treatment targets. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses the current knowledge about contribution of human beta cell mass and function to different stages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Furthermore, it highlights standard and newly developed technological platforms for the study of human beta cell biology, which can be used to increase our understanding of beta cell mass and function in human glucose homeostasis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In contrast to early disease models, recent studies suggest that in type 1 and type 2 diabetes impairment of beta cell function is an early feature of disease pathogenesis while a substantial decrease in beta cell mass occurs more closely to clinical manifestation. This suggests that, in addition to beta cell mass replacement for late stage therapies, the development of novel strategies for protection and recovery of beta cell function could be most promising for successful diabetes treatment and prevention. The use of today's developing and wide range of technologies and platforms for the study of human beta cells will allow for a more detailed investigation of the underlying mechanisms and will facilitate development of treatment approaches to specifically target human beta cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Chen
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian M. Cohrs
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Stertmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Bozsak
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Schaschkow A, Mura C, Dal S, Langlois A, Seyfritz E, Sookhareea C, Bietiger W, Peronet C, Jeandidier N, Pinget M, Sigrist S, Maillard E. Impact of the Type of Continuous Insulin Administration on Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8310516. [PMID: 27504460 PMCID: PMC4967706 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8310516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous insulin is the only treatment available for type 1 diabetic patients and is mostly administered by subcutaneous (SC) injection in a basal and bolus scheme using insulin pens (injection) or pumps (preimplanted SC catheter). Some divergence exists between these two modes of administration, since pumps provide better glycaemic control compared to injections in humans. The aim of this study was to compare the impacts of two modes of insulin administration (single injections of long-acting insulin or pump delivery of rapid-acting insulin) at the same dosage (4 IU/200 g/day) on rat metabolism and tissues. The rat weight and blood glucose levels were measured periodically after treatment. Immunostaining for signs of oxidative stress and for macrophages was performed on the liver and omental tissues. The continuous insulin delivery by pumps restored normoglycaemia, which induced the reduction of both reactive oxygen species and macrophage infiltration into the liver and omentum. Injections controlled the glucose levels for only a short period of time and therefore tissue stress and inflammation were elevated. In conclusion, the insulin administration mode has a crucial impact on rat metabolic parameters, which has to be taken into account when studies are designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Schaschkow
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - C. Mura
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - S. Dal
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - A. Langlois
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - E. Seyfritz
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - C. Sookhareea
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - W. Bietiger
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - C. Peronet
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - N. Jeandidier
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - M. Pinget
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), 67000 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - S. Sigrist
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - E. Maillard
- UMR DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg (UdS), Boulevard René Leriche, 67200 Strasbourg, France
- *E. Maillard:
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15
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Nyitray CE, Chang R, Faleo G, Lance KD, Bernards DA, Tang Q, Desai T. Polycaprolactone Thin-Film Micro- and Nanoporous Cell-Encapsulation Devices. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5675-82. [PMID: 25950860 PMCID: PMC4628825 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell-encapsulating devices can play an important role in advancing the types of tissue available for transplantation and further improving transplant success rates. To have an effective device, encapsulated cells must remain viable, respond to external stimulus, and be protected from immune responses, and the device itself must elicit a minimal foreign body response. To address these challenges, we developed a micro- and a nanoporous thin-film cell encapsulation device from polycaprolactone (PCL), a material previously used in FDA-approved biomedical devices. The thin-film device construct allows long-term bioluminescent transfer imaging, which can be used for monitoring cell viability and device tracking. The ability to tune the microporous and nanoporous membrane allows selective protection from immune cell invasion and cytokine-mediated cell death in vitro, all while maintaining typical cell function, as demonstrated by encapsulated cells' insulin production in response to glucose stimulation. To demonstrate the ability to track, visualize, and monitor the viability of cells encapsulated in implanted thin-film devices, we encapsulated and implanted luciferase-positive MIN6 cells in allogeneic mouse models for up to 90 days. Lack of foreign body response in combination with rapid neovascularization around the device shows promise in using this technology for cell encapsulation. These devices can help elucidate the metrics required for cell encapsulation success and direct future immune-isolation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal E. Nyitray
- Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Ryan Chang
- UCB/UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Gaetano Faleo
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE520 Box 0780, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Kevin D. Lance
- UCB/UCSF Joint Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Daniel A. Bernards
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE520 Box 0780, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - TejalA Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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16
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Tiernan AR, Sambanis A. Bioluminescence tracking of alginate micro-encapsulated cell transplants. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:501-508. [PMID: 25047413 DOI: 10.1002/term.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies to treat loss-of-function hormonal disorders such as diabetes and Parkinson's disease are routinely coupled with encapsulation strategies, but an understanding of when and why grafts fail in vivo is lacking. Consequently, investigators cannot clearly define the key factors that influence graft success. Although bioluminescence is a popular method to track the survival of free cells transplanted in preclinical models, little is known of the ability to use bioluminescence for real-time tracking of microencapsulated cells. Furthermore, the impact that dynamic imaging distances may have, due to freely-floating microcapsules in vivo, on cell survival monitoring is unknown. This work addresses these questions by applying bioluminescence to a pancreatic substitute based on microencapsulated cells. Recombinant insulin-secreting cells were transduced with a luciferase lentivirus and microencapsulated in Ba2+ crosslinked alginate for in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro quantitative bioluminescence monitoring was possible and viable microencapsulated cells were followed in real time under both normoxic and anoxic conditions. Although in vivo dispersion of freely-floating microcapsules in the peritoneal cavity limited the analysis to a qualitative bioluminescence evaluation, signals consistently four orders of magnitude above background were clear indicators of temporal cell survival. Strong agreement between in vivo and in vitro cell proliferation over time was discovered by making direct bioluminescence comparisons between explanted microcapsules and parallel in vitro cultures. Broader application of this bioluminescence approach to retrievable transplants, in supplement to currently used end-point physiological tests, could improve understanding and accelerate development of cell-based therapies for critical clinical applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey R Tiernan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Athanassios Sambanis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Gao X, Sandberg M, Quach M, Bodin B, Johansson L, Jansson L. Effects of Mn-DPDP and manganese chloride on hemodynamics and glucose tolerance in anesthetized rats. Acta Radiol 2014; 55:328-34. [PMID: 23963152 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113499327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging may be a method of choice to visualize transplanted pancreatic islets. However, contrast agents may interfere with microcirculation and affect graft function. PURPOSE To evaluate the effects manganese-containing contrast media on regional blood flow and glucose tolerance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anesthetized rats were injected intravenously with MnCl2 (10 µM/kg body weight) or Mn-DPDP (Teslascan™; 5 µM/kg body weight). Blood flow measurements were made with a microsphere technique 10 min later. In separate animals vascular arteriolar reactivity in isolated, perfused islets was examined. Furthermore, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed in separate rats. RESULTS Glucose tolerance was unaffected by both agents. No changes in regional blood flow were seen after administration of Mn-DPDP, except for an increase in arterial liver blood flow. MnCl2 increased all blood flow values except that of the kidney. MnCl2, but not Mn-DPDP, caused a vasoconstriction in isolated rat islet arterioles but only at very high doses. CONCLUSION Mn-DPDP administration does not affect glucose tolerance or regional blood flow, besides an increase in arterial hepatic blood flow, and may therefore be suitable for visualization of islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Sandberg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - My Quach
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Bodin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Jansson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Azzi J, Geara AS, El-Sayegh S, Abdi R. Immunological aspects of pancreatic islet cell transplantation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 6:111-24. [DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Nishimura W, Eto K, Miki A, Goto M, Kawaguchi M, Nammo T, Udagawa H, Hiramoto M, Shimizu Y, Okamura T, Fujiwara T, Yasuda Y, Yasuda K. Quantitative assessment of Pdx1 promoter activity in vivo using a secreted luciferase reporter system. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4388-95. [PMID: 24029239 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The luciferase reporter system is useful for the assessment of various biological processes in vivo. The transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is critical for the formation and the function of pancreatic β-cells. A novel reporter system using secreted Gaussia princeps luciferase (GLuc) under the control of a Pdx1 promoter was generated and activated in rat and mouse β-cell lines. This Pdx1-GLuc construct was used as a transgene for the generation of reporter mice to monitor Pdx1 promoter activity in vivo via the measurement of secreted GLuc activity in a small aliquot of blood. Significantly increased plasma GLuc activity was observed in Pdx1-GLuc mice. Analysis of Pdx1-GLuc mice by bioluminescence imaging, GLuc reporter assays using homogenates of various organs, and immunohistochemistry revealed that GLuc expression and activity were exponentially higher in pancreatic β-cells than in pancreatic non-β-cells, the duodenum, and other organs. In addition, GLuc activity secreted into the culture medium from islets isolated from Pdx1-GLuc mice correlated with the number of islets. The transplantation of Pdx1-GLuc islets into severe combined immunodeficiency mice elevated their plasma GLuc activity. Conversely, a partial pancreatectomy in Pdx1-GLuc mice reduced plasma GLuc activity. These results suggest that a secreted luciferase reporter system in vivo enables not only the monitoring of promoter activity but also a quantitative and minimally invasive assessment of physiological and pathological changes in small cell masses, such as pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nishimura
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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Yin H, Park SY, Wang XJ, Misawa R, Grossman EJ, Tao J, Zhong R, Witkowski P, Bell GI, Chong AS. Enhancing pancreatic Beta-cell regeneration in vivo with pioglitazone and alogliptin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65777. [PMID: 23762423 PMCID: PMC3675063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Pancreatic beta-cells retain limited ability to regenerate and proliferate after various physiologic triggers. Identifying therapies that are able to enhance beta-cell regeneration may therefore be useful for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods In this study we investigated endogenous and transplanted beta-cell regeneration by serially quantifying changes in bioluminescence from beta-cells from transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase under the control of the mouse insulin I promoter. We tested the ability of pioglitazone and alogliptin, two drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, to enhance beta-cell regeneration, and also defined the effect of the immunosuppression with rapamycin and tacrolimus on transplanted islet beta mass. Results Pioglitazone is a stimulator of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma while alogliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Pioglitazone alone, or in combination with alogliptin, enhanced endogenous beta-cell regeneration in streptozotocin-treated mice, while alogliptin alone had modest effects. In a model of syngeneic islet transplantation, immunosuppression with rapamycin and tacrolimus induced an early loss of beta-cell mass, while treatment with insulin implants to maintain normoglycemia and pioglitazone plus alogliptin was able to partially promote beta-cell mass recovery. Conclusions/Interpretation These data highlight the utility of bioluminescence for serially quantifying functional beta-cell mass in living mice. They also demonstrate the ability of pioglitazone, used either alone or in combination with alogliptin, to enhance regeneration of endogenous islet beta-cells as well as transplanted islets into recipients treated with rapamycin and tacrolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ryosuke Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Transplantation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Grossman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Katsumata T, Oishi H, Sekiguchi Y, Nagasaki H, Daassi D, Tai PH, Ema M, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Bioluminescence imaging of β cells and intrahepatic insulin gene activity under normal and pathological conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60411. [PMID: 23593212 PMCID: PMC3617225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes research, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been applied in studies of β-cell impairment, development, and islet transplantation. To develop a mouse model that enables noninvasive imaging of β cells, we generated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse in which a mouse 200-kbp genomic fragment comprising the insulin I gene drives luciferase expression (Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mouse). BLI of mice was performed using the IVIS Spectrum system after intraperitoneal injection of luciferin, and the bioluminescence signal from the pancreatic region analyzed. When compared with MIP-Luc-VU mice [FVB/N-Tg(Ins1-luc)VUPwrs/J] expressing luciferase under the control of the 9.2-kbp mouse insulin I promoter (MIP), the bioluminescence emission from Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice was enhanced approximately 4-fold. Streptozotocin-treated Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice developed severe diabetes concomitant with a sharp decline in the BLI signal intensity in the pancreas. Conversely, mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks showed an increase in the signal, reflecting a decrease or increase in the β-cell mass. Although the bioluminescence intensity of the islets correlated well with the number of isolated islets in vitro, the intensity obtained from a living mouse in vivo did not necessarily reflect an absolute quantification of the β-cell mass under pathological conditions. On the other hand, adenovirus-mediated gene transduction of β-cell-related transcription factors in Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice generated luminescence from the hepatic region for more than 1 week. These results demonstrate that BLI in Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice provides a noninvasive method of imaging islet β cells and extrapancreatic activity of the insulin gene in the liver under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Katsumata
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Sekiguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dhouha Daassi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pei-Han Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Virostko J, Radhika A, Poffenberger G, Dula AN, Moore DJ, Powers AC. Bioluminescence imaging reveals dynamics of beta cell loss in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57784. [PMID: 23483929 PMCID: PMC3590285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated a mouse model (MIP-Luc-VU-NOD) that enables non-invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of beta cell loss during the progression of autoimmune diabetes and determined the relationship between BLI and disease progression. MIP-Luc-VU-NOD mice displayed insulitis and a decline in bioluminescence with age which correlated with beta cell mass, plasma insulin, and pancreatic insulin content. Bioluminescence declined gradually in female MIP-Luc-VU-NOD mice, reaching less than 50% of the initial BLI at 10 weeks of age, whereas hyperglycemia did not ensue until mice were at least 16 weeks old. Mice that did not become diabetic maintained insulin secretion and had less of a decline in bioluminescence than mice that became diabetic. Bioluminescence measurements predicted a decline in beta cell mass prior to the onset of hyperglycemia and tracked beta cell loss. This model should be useful for investigating the fundamental processes underlying autoimmune diabetes and developing new therapies targeting beta cell protection and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Virostko
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JV); (AP)
| | - Armandla Radhika
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Adrienne N. Dula
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JV); (AP)
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Berkova Z, Jirak D, Zacharovova K, Lukes I, Kotkova Z, Kotek J, Kacenka M, Kaman O, Rehor I, Hajek M, Saudek F. Gadolinium- and Manganite-Based Contrast Agents with Fluorescent Probes for Both Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging of Pancreatic Islets: A Comparative Study. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:614-21. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sekiguchi Y, Owada J, Oishi H, Katsumata T, Ikeda K, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Noninvasive monitoring of β-cell mass and fetal β-cell genesis in mice using bioluminescence imaging. Exp Anim 2012; 61:445-51. [PMID: 22850644 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been applied in gene therapy and research to screen for transgene expression, progression of infection, tumor growth and metastasis, and transplantation. It enables real-time and relatively noninvasive localization and serial quantification of biological processes in experimental animals. In diabetes research, BLI has been employed for the quantification of β-cell mass, monitoring of islet graft survival after transplantation, and detection of reporter gene expression. Here, we explore the use of BLI in a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under the control of the mouse insulin 1 promoter (MIP-Luc-VU). A previous report on MIP-Luc-VU mice showed luminescence intensities emitted from the islets correlated well with the number of islets in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we showed MIP-Luc-VU mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks gave rise to a greater bioluminescent signal than mice fed a regular diet for the same period of time. Conversely, there was a strong reduction in the signal observed in diabetic Mafa-deficient/Mafk-transgenic mutant mice and streptozotocin-treated mice, reflecting the loss of β-cells. Furthermore, we were able to monitor fetal β-cell genesis in MIP-Luc-VU mice during the late gestational stage in a noninvasive and repetitive manner. In summary, we show that bioluminescence imaging of mice expressing a β-cell specific reporter allows detection of changes in β-cell mass and visualization of fetal β-cell neogenesis in uteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Sekiguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Kriz J, Jirak D, Berkova Z, Herynek V, Lodererova A, Girman P, Habart D, Hajek M, Saudek F. Detection of pancreatic islet allograft impairment in advance of functional failure using magnetic resonance imaging. Transpl Int 2011; 25:250-60. [PMID: 22188036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01403.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict failure of pancreatic islets (PI) transplanted into the hepatic portal vein. Brown-Norway (n = 18) and Lewis (n = 6) rats received islets isolated from Lewis donors. The rejection process in Brown-Norway recipients was mitigated by two different immunosuppressive regimens [tacrolimus + hydrocortisone for 3 months (n = 6) or tacrolimus for 12 days (n = 12)]. Longitudinal MRI monitoring of recipients at post-transplantation weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 confirmed the ability to detect SPIO labeled PI after transplantation into the liver. The relative number of MRI signals related to PI isografts remained stable up to study completion. Recipients of PI allografts were normoglycemic until the end of study; signals declined gradually to 44 ± 17% in these animals. In animals with islets failure during post-transplant week 12, the number of signals decreased to 25 ± 10% of initial values. The difference between groups (islet function/failed) became significant post-transplant week 3. Our data demonstrate that the MRI changes attributable to rejection become apparent within 3 weeks after transplantation, i.e. at least 8 weeks before functional allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kriz
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Videnska, Czech Republic.
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Multimodal image coregistration and inducible selective cell ablation to evaluate imaging ligands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:20719-24. [PMID: 22143775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109480108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We combined multimodal imaging (bioluminescence, X-ray computed tomography, and PET), tomographic reconstruction of bioluminescent sources, and two unique, complementary models to evaluate three previously synthesized PET radiotracers thought to target pancreatic beta cells. The three radiotracers {[(18)F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([(18)F]FP-DTBZ), [(18)F](+)-2-oxiranyl-3-isobutyl-9-(3-fluoropropoxy)-10-methoxy-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline ((18)F-AV-266), and (2S,3R,11bR)-9-(3-fluoropropoxy)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-isobutyl-10-methoxy-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-ol ((18)F-AV-300)} bind vesicular monoamine transporter 2. Tomographic reconstruction of the bioluminescent signal in mice expressing luciferase only in pancreatic beta cells was used to delineate the pancreas and was coregistered with PET and X-ray computed tomography images. This strategy enabled unambiguous identification of the pancreas on PET images, permitting accurate quantification of the pancreatic PET signal. We show here that, after conditional, specific, and rapid mouse beta-cell ablation, beta-cell loss was detected by bioluminescence imaging but not by PET imaging, given that the pancreatic signal provided by three PET radiotracers was not altered. To determine whether these ligands bound human beta cells in vivo, we imaged mice transplanted with luciferase-expressing human islets. The human islets were imaged by bioluminescence but not with the PET ligands, indicating that these vesicular monoamine transporter 2-directed ligands did not specifically bind beta cells. These data demonstrate the utility of coregistered multimodal imaging as a platform for evaluation and validation of candidate ligands for imaging islets.
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Molecular imaging: a promising tool to monitor islet transplantation. J Transplant 2011; 2011:202915. [PMID: 22013504 PMCID: PMC3195545 DOI: 10.1155/2011/202915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacement of insulin production by pancreatic islet transplantation has great potential as a therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. At present, the lack of an effective approach to islet grafts assessment limits the success of this treatment. The development of molecular imaging techniques has the potential to fulfill the goal of real-time noninvasive monitoring of the functional status and viability of the islet grafts. We review the application of a variety of imaging modalities for detecting endogenous and transplanted beta-cell mass. The review also explores the various molecular imaging strategies for assessing islet delivery, the metabolic effects on the islet grafts as well as detection of immunorejection. Here, we highlight the use of combined imaging and therapeutic interventions in islet transplantation and the in vivo monitoring of stem cells differentiation into insulin-producing cells.
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Abstract
Since the Edmonton trials, insulin independence can reproducibly be achieved after islet transplantation. However, a majority of patients resume insulin treatment in the first 5 years after transplantation. Several mechanisms have been proposed but are difficult to pinpoint in one particular patient. Current tools for the metabolic monitoring of islet grafts indicate islet dysfunction when it is too late to take action. Noninvasive imaging of transplanted islets could be used to study β-cell mass and β-cell function just after infusion, during vascularization or autoimmune and alloimmune attacks. This review will focus on the most recent advances in various imaging techniques (bioluminescence imaging, fluorescence optical imaging, MRI, and positron emission tomography). Emphasis will be placed on pertinent approaches for translation to human practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Borot
- Cell Isolation and Transplant Center, University of Geneva, Level R, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211, GENEVA 4, Switzerland.
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Kahraman S, Dirice E, Hapil FZ, Ertosun MG, Ozturk S, Griffith TS, Sanlioglu S, Sanlioglu AD. Tracing of islet graft survival by way of in vivo fluorescence imaging. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:575-83. [PMID: 21584921 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the success rate in xenogeneic islet transplantation, proper assessment of graft mass is required following transplantation. For this reason, we aimed to develop a suitable fluorescence imaging system to monitor islet xenograft survival in diabetic mice. METHODS Adenovirus vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein-transduced rat pancreatic islets were transplanted under the renal capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and the fluorescence signal was quantified over time using a cooled charge-coupled device. Non-fasting blood glucose levels were recorded during the same period. Insulin release from transduced and control islets was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Adenovirus vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein infection did not alter the function or survival of pancreatic islets post transduction. A direct correlation was found between the number of islets (250-750) transplanted under the kidney capsule and the blood glucose recovery. CONCLUSIONS Fluorescence imaging appears to be a useful tool for quantitative assessment of islet cell viability post transplantation and could permit earlier detection of graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospitals and Clinics, Antalya 07058, Turkey
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Assessment of different bariatric surgeries in the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Ann Surg 2011; 254:73-82. [PMID: 21522012 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e3182197035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of different bariatric surgical procedures on the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment for morbid obesity and its comorbidities; however, a systematic study of their mechanisms is still lacking. METHODS We developed bariatric surgery models, including gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), modified RYGB (mRYGB) and biliopancreatic diversion (BPD), in DIO mice. Body weight, body fat and lean mass, liver steatosis, glucose tolerance and pancreatic beta cell function were examined. RESULTS All bariatric surgeries resulted in significant weight loss, reduced body fat and improved glucose tolerance in the short term (4 weeks), compared with mice with sham surgery. Of the bariatric surgery models, sleeve gastrectomy and mRYGB had higher success rates and lower mortalities and represent reliable restrictive and gastrointestinal (GI) bypass mouse bariatric surgery models, respectively. In the long term, the GI bypass procedure produced more profound weight loss, significant improvement of glucose tolerance and liver steatosis than the restrictive procedure. DIO mice had increased insulin promoter activity, suggesting overactivation of pancreatic beta cells, which was regulated by the mRYGB procedure. Compared with the restrictive procedure, the GI bypass procedure showed more severe symptoms of malnutrition following bariatric surgery. DISCUSSIONS Both restrictive and GI bypass procedures provide positive effects on weight loss, fat composition, liver steatosis and glucose tolerance; however, in the long term, the GI bypass shows better results than restrictive procedures.
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Fujimoto H, Toyoda K, Okitsu T, Liu X, Mukai E, Zhuang X, Uemoto S, Mochizuki N, Inagaki N. Three-dimensional ex vivo imaging and analysis of intraportal islet transplants. Transpl Int 2011; 24:839-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yong J, Rasooly J, Dang H, Lu Y, Middleton B, Zhang Z, Hon L, Namavari M, Stout DB, Atkinson MA, Tian J, Gambhir SS, Kaufman DL. Multimodality imaging of β-cells in mouse models of type 1 and 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:1383-92. [PMID: 21441442 PMCID: PMC3292311 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-Cells that express an imaging reporter have provided powerful tools for studying β-cell development, islet transplantation, and β-cell autoimmunity. To further expedite diabetes research, we generated transgenic C57BL/6 "MIP-TF" mice that have a mouse insulin promoter (MIP) driving the expression of a trifusion (TF) protein of three imaging reporters (luciferase/enhanced green fluorescent protein/HSV1-sr39 thymidine kinase) in their β-cells. This should enable the noninvasive imaging of β-cells by charge-coupled device (CCD) and micro-positron emission tomography (PET), as well as the identification of β-cells at the cellular level by fluorescent microscopy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MIP-TF mouse β-cells were multimodality imaged in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS MIP-TF mouse β-cells were readily identified in pancreatic tissue sections using fluorescent microscopy. We show that MIP-TF β-cells can be noninvasively imaged using microPET. There was a correlation between CCD and microPET signals from the pancreas region of individual mice. After low-dose streptozotocin administration to induce type 1 diabetes, we observed a progressive reduction in bioluminescence from the pancreas region before the appearance of hyperglycemia. Although there have been reports of hyperglycemia inducing proinsulin expression in extrapancreatic tissues, we did not observe bioluminescent signals from extrapancreatic tissues of diabetic MIP-TF mice. Because MIP-TF mouse β-cells express a viral thymidine kinase, ganciclovir treatment induced hyperglycemia, providing a new experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Mice fed a high-fat diet to model early type 2 diabetes displayed a progressive increase in their pancreatic bioluminescent signals, which were positively correlated with area under the curve-intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (AUC-IPGTT). CONCLUSIONS MIP-TF mice provide a new tool for monitoring β-cells from the single cell level to noninvasive assessments of β-cells in models of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia Rasooly
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hoa Dang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuxin Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Blake Middleton
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zesong Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry Hon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohammad Namavari
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David B. Stout
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel L. Kaufman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Corresponding author: Daniel L. Kaufman,
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Lin YH, Yeh YC, Tzeng CR, Shang WJ, Liu JY, Chen CH. Evaluating the effects of immunosuppression by in-vivo bioluminescence imaging after allotransplantation of ovarian grafts. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:220-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sever D, Eldor R, Sadoun G, Amior L, Dubois D, Boitard C, Aflalo C, Melloul D. Evaluation of impaired beta-cell function in nonobese-diabetic (NOD) mouse model using bioluminescence imaging. FASEB J 2010; 25:676-84. [PMID: 21118902 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-158121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic β cells are functionally impaired or destroyed in diabetes mellitus. The onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents the culmination of a prolonged prediabetic phase of immune-mediated β-cell destruction. To assess the in vivo metabolic status of these cells, we used the ATP-sensitive firefly luciferase bioluminescence imaging approach, as a noninvasive probe to monitor pathological alterations in β-cell function in the nonobese-diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. Hence, we generated the ToIβ-NOD transgenic mice in which doxycycline-inducible luciferase gene is selectively expressed in β cells. A sharp reduction in bioluminescence emitted in vivo from β cells at the early stages, preceded by several weeks of a limited reduction in β-cell mass. Since this decline could be due to the ongoing inflammatory process occurring in vivo, we exposed control islets to inflammatory cytokines and observed a dramatic decrease in luciferase luminescence, which appears to be due in part to a decrease in protein levels and a drop in intracellular ATP levels. This is the first evidence that selective expression of the luciferase gene represents a sensitive method for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of early β-cell dysfunction, subtle metabolic changes, such as endogenous ATP levels, indicative of a pathological condition in a tissue at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Sever
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Gao Q, Ma LL, Gao X, Yan W, Williams P, Yin DP. TLR4 mediates early graft failure after intraportal islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1588-96. [PMID: 20642685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that islet emboli in the portal vein block blood flow and induce local inflammatory reaction, resulting in functional loss of islet grafts following intraportal transplantation. This study was designed to test whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation mediates early islet graft failure. Syngeneic islet grafts were transplanted into chemically induced diabetic mice, and TLR deficient mice were used as donors and/or recipients of islet grafts. Islet viability, proinflammatory cytokines, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and NF-kappaB activation were analyzed by bioluminesce imaging (BLI), quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and histology. Early islet graft failure was observed in mice with intraportal islet engrafts with increased proinflammatory cytokines, HMGB1 expression, NF-kappaB activation, caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells. Deficiency of TLR4 in donor, but not in recipient, inhibited NF-kappaB activation, reduced proinflammatory cytokines and improved viability of islet grafts. Blockade of HMGB1 with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb, 2g7) inhibited inflammatory reactions, as evidenced by reduced TNFalpha and IL-1ss production, and improved islet viability. We conclude that TLR4 activation mediates early graft failure following intraportal islet transplantation. Inhibition of TLR4 activation represents a novel strategy to attenuate early graft failure following intraportal islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gao
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Oishi K, Noguchi H, Saito H, Yukawa H, Miyamoto Y, Murase K, Hayashi S. Cell labeling with a novel contrast agent of magnetic resonance imaging. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:887-92. [PMID: 20587147 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x509013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a proven and efficient method for treating multiple diseases. For both basic research and clinical practice, the development of noninvasive in vivo imaging methods is essential for monitoring the trafficking or homing of transplanted cells. One attractive approach for the effective imaging of transplanted cells is the efficient labeling of cells with a contrast agent. In this study, we developed a novel contrast agent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), TMADM-02. TMADM-02 was efficiently transduced into cells without toxicity. However, the aggregation of TMADM-02 was observed because of its low stability in culture medium. Therefore, TMADM-02 may have led to a false-positive test result. In future studies, we should verify not only the efficiency of labeling cells but also the stability of the contrast agent of MRI for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Oishi
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Chen CH, Yeh YC, Wu GJ, Huang YH, Lai WFT, Liu JY, Tzeng CR. Tracking the rejection and survival of mouse ovarian iso- and allografts in vivo with bioluminescent imaging. Reproduction 2010; 140:105-12. [PMID: 20423932 DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The applications of in vivo bioluminescent imaging (BLI) with a luciferase reporter gene occur widely across biomedical fields. Luciferase-transgenic mice are highly useful donors for tracking transplanted ovarian tissues. Realizing the full potential of this system may greatly benefit the study of the physiological behaviour and function of transplanted grafts, and the rapid and reliable evaluation of new transplantation protocols. The ovarian tissues of donor FVB/N-Tg(PolII-Luc)Ltc transgenic mice, with a luciferase transgene as the reporter, were transplanted into iso/allogeneic recipients. Rejection, ovarian function and BLI were quantitatively analysed in vivo over time. The BLI of the ovarian isografts revealed longer survival than that of allografts, even with cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratios of peripheral T-cells were significantly reduced in allografts compared with those in isografts (P<0.0001) during rejection, whereas CD19(+) cell numbers were higher in allografts. The infiltration of CD4(+)/CD8(+) cells into the graft was unremarkable in isografts from day 1, but was strong in allografts from day 8 onwards. Hormone activity revealed complete oestrus cycles in the isografts but only the dioestrus stage in the allografts. These results demonstrate that BLI in vivo expedites the fast throughput and fate maps of ovarian grafts. The use of BLI to longitudinally monitor ovarian grafts for immunorejection demonstrated the short survival of allografts and the much longer survival of isografts. CsA treatment alone is ineffective against the acute rejection of ovarian allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
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Sakata N, Obenaus A, Chan NK, Hayes P, Chrisler J, Hathout E. Correlation between angiogenesis and islet graft function in diabetic mice: magnetic resonance imaging assessment. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2010; 17:692-700. [PMID: 20703848 DOI: 10.1007/s00534-010-0269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to evaluate neovascularization after intravenous injection of gadolinium, where contrast leaks out of new vessels and remains within the tissues. We examined the relationship between DCE-MRI and metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, serum insulin and glucose tolerance test (GTT) after intraportal islet transplantation. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic BALB/c mice (n = 15) received syngeneic intraportal islet transplantation (500 islet equivalent). Blood glucose, serum insulin and GTT were evaluated till postoperative day (POD) 14. Liver DCE-MRI was performed at POD 3, 7 and 14. Correlations between DCE-MRI and metabolic parameters were examined using regression analysis. RESULTS Eight mice achieved normoglycemia after intraportal transplantation. At POD 3 a significant but moderate correlation between DCE-MRI and blood glucose was found. No DCE-MRI or metabolic parameters correlated at POD 7. However, at POD 14 strong or moderate correlations between DCE-MRIs were found: negative correlations with blood glucose (R (2) = 0.86) and GTT (R (2) = 0.48) but a positive correlation with serum insulin (R (2) = 0.32). CONCLUSION We report that DCE-MRI can reflect the metabolic and functional condition of the transplanted islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Sakata
- Islet Transplant Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Coleman Pavilion, A1120R, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Granero-Moltó F, Weis JA, Miga MI, Landis B, Myers TJ, O'Rear L, Longobardi L, Jansen ED, Mortlock DP, Spagnoli A. Regenerative effects of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells in fracture healing. Stem Cells 2010; 27:1887-98. [PMID: 19544445 DOI: 10.1002/stem.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a therapeutic potential in patients with fractures to reduce the time of healing and treat nonunions. The use of MSC to treat fractures is attractive for several reasons. First, MSCs would be implementing conventional reparative process that seems to be defective or protracted. Secondly, the effects of MSCs treatment would be needed only for relatively brief duration of reparation. However, an integrated approach to define the multiple regenerative contributions of MSC to the fracture repair process is necessary before clinical trials are initiated. In this study, using a stabilized tibia fracture mouse model, we determined the dynamic migration of transplanted MSC to the fracture site, their contributions to the repair process initiation, and their role in modulating the injury-related inflammatory responses. Using MSC expressing luciferase, we determined by bioluminescence imaging that the MSC migration at the fracture site is time- and dose-dependent and, it is exclusively CXCR4-dependent. MSC improved the fracture healing affecting the callus biomechanical properties and such improvement correlated with an increase in cartilage and bone content, and changes in callus morphology as determined by micro-computed tomography and histological studies. Transplanting CMV-Cre-R26R-Lac Z-MSC, we found that MSCs engrafted within the callus endosteal niche. Using MSCs from BMP-2-Lac Z mice genetically modified using a bacterial artificial chromosome system to be beta-gal reporters for bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) expression, we found that MSCs contributed to the callus initiation by expressing BMP-2. The knowledge of the multiple MSC regenerative abilities in fracture healing will allow design of novel MSC-based therapies to treat fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Ahlgren U, Gotthardt M. Approaches for imaging islets: recent advances and future prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:39-57. [PMID: 20217493 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of improved technologies for imaging of the pancreas is a key element in addressing several aspects of diabetes pathogenesis. In this respect, the development of a protocol that allows for non-invasive scoring of human islets, or islet beta-cells, is of particular importance. The development of such a technology would have profound impact on both clinical and experimental medicine, ranging from early diagnosis of diabetes to the evaluation of therapeutic regimes. Another important task is the development of modalities for high-resolution imaging of experimental animal models for diabetes. Rodent models for diabetes research have for decades been instrumental to the diabetes research community. The ability to image, and to accurately quantify, key players of diabetogenic processes with molecular specificity will be of great importance for elucidating mechanistic aspects of the disease. This chapter aims to overview current progress within these research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Abstract
The development of new methods for noninvasive imaging is an area of biotechnology that is of great relevance for the diagnosis and characterization of diabetes mellitus. Noninvasive imaging can be used to study the dynamics of beta-cell mass and function; beta-cell death; vascularity, innervation and autoimmune attack of pancreatic islets; and the efficacy of islet transplantation to remedy beta-cell loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we focus on the application of MRI for monitoring islet transplantation and on the potential causes of islet graft failure, which are still poorly understood. Questions that have been addressed by MRI studies encompass graft longevity, and the effects of immune rejection, glucose toxic effects, and the transplanted islets' purity on graft fate. We also highlight novel technologies for simultaneous imaging and delivery of experimental therapies that aim to extend the lifespan and functionality of islet grafts. On the basis of this evidence, MRI represents a valuable platform for a thorough investigation of beta-cell function in the context of islet transplantation. State-of-the-art multimodality approaches, such as PET-MRI, can extend our current capabilities and help answer the critical questions that currently inhibit the prevention and cure of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravka Medarova
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital-Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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In vivo imaging of autologous islet grafts in the liver and under the kidney capsule in non-human primates. Transplantation 2009; 87:1659-66. [PMID: 19502957 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181a5cbc0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As islet transplantation begins to show promise as a clinical method, there is a critical need for reliable, noninvasive techniques to monitor islet graft survival. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that human islets labeled with a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent and transplanted into mice could be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The potential translation of these findings to the clinical situation requires validation of our methodology in a non-human primate model, which we have now carried out in baboons (Papio hamadryas) and reported here. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For islet labeling, we adapted the Food and Drug Administration-approved superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent, Feridex, which is used clinically for liver imaging. After partial pancreatectomy, Feridex-labeled islets were prepared and autotransplanted underneath the renal capsule and into the liver. Longitudinal in vivo MRI at days 1, 3, 8, 16, 23, and 30 after transplantation was performed to track the islet grafts. RESULTS The renal subcapsular islet graft was easily detectable on T2*-weighted MR images as a pocket of signal loss disrupting the contour of the kidney at the transplantation site. Islets transplanted in the liver appeared as distinct signal voids dispersed throughout the liver parenchyma. A semiautomated computational analysis of our MRI data established the feasibility of monitoring both the renal and intrahepatic grafts during the studied posttransplantation period. CONCLUSION This study establishes a method for the noninvasive, longitudinal detection of pancreatic islets transplanted into non-human primates using a low-field clinical MRI system.
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Bioluminescence imaging in mouse models quantifies beta cell mass in the pancreas and after islet transplantation. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:42-53. [PMID: 19548035 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a mouse model that enables non-invasive assessment of changes in beta cell mass. PROCEDURES We generated a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under control of the mouse insulin I promoter [mouse insulin promoter-luciferase-Vanderbilt University (MIP-Luc-VU)] and characterized this model in mice with increased or decreased beta cell mass and after islet transplantation. RESULTS Streptozotocin-induced, diabetic MIP-Luc-VU mice had a progressive decline in bioluminescence that correlated with a decrease in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU animals fed a high-fat diet displayed a progressive increase in bioluminescence that reflected an increase in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU islets transplanted beneath the renal capsule or into the liver emitted bioluminescence proportional to the number of islets transplanted and could be imaged for more than a year. CONCLUSIONS Bioluminescence in the MIP-Luc-VU mouse model is proportional to beta cell mass in the setting of increased and decreased beta cell mass and after transplantation.
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Antkowiak PF, Tersey SA, Carter JD, Vandsburger MH, Nadler JL, Epstein FH, Mirmira RG. Noninvasive assessment of pancreatic beta-cell function in vivo with manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296:E573-8. [PMID: 19116376 PMCID: PMC2660140 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90336.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Loss of beta-cell function in type 1 and type 2 diabetes leads to metabolic dysregulation and inability to maintain normoglycemia. Noninvasive imaging of beta-cell function in vivo would therefore provide a valuable diagnostic and research tool for quantifying progression to diabetes and response to therapeutic intervention. Because manganese (Mn(2+)) is a longitudinal relaxation time (T1)-shortening magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent that enters cells such as pancreatic beta-cells through voltage-gated calcium channels, we hypothesized that Mn(2+)-enhanced MRI of the pancreas after glucose infusion would allow for noninvasive detection of beta-cell function in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we administered glucose and saline challenges intravenously to normal mice and mice given high or low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Serial inversion recovery MRI was subsequently performed after Mn(2+) injection to probe Mn(2+) accumulation in the pancreas. Time-intensity curves of the pancreas (normalized to the liver) fit to a sigmoid function showed a 51% increase in signal plateau height after glucose stimulation relative to saline (P < 0.01) in normal mice. In diabetic mice given a high dose of STZ, only a 9% increase in plateau signal intensity was observed after glucose challenge (P = not significant); in mice given a low dose of STZ, a 20% increase in plateau signal intensity was seen after glucose challenge (P = 0.02). Consistent with these imaging findings, the pancreatic insulin content of high- and low-dose STZ diabetic mice was reduced about 20-fold and 10-fold, respectively, compared with normal mice. We conclude that Mn(2+)-enhanced MRI demonstrates excellent potential as a means for noninvasively monitoring beta-cell function in vivo and may have the sensitivity to detect progressive decreases in function that occur in the diabetic disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Antkowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Jiao Y, Peng ZH, Xing TH, Qin J, Zhong CP. Assessment of islet graft survival using a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance scanner. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 291:1684-92. [PMID: 18951510 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have recently described a magnetic resonance (MR) method for detection of iron-labeled islets transplanted into the liver. The aim of this work was to assess the survival of islet graft using a clinical 3.0-T scanner. Islets from Lewis rats were cultured in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles. One thousand iron-labeled islets were transplanted into the portal vein of diabetic rats. Blood glucose levels were measured daily through day 14 post-transplantation. MR imaging of the same section of the liver was performed on 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days post-transplantation. The labeled islets were visualized by MR as distinct hypointensive spots distributed in the liver. There was a linear correlation between the relative value of delta R2* relaxometry multiplied by the cubic diameter (relative value of the iron volume, Ir) and blood glucose level on 14 days post-transplantation in allograft and isograft (P<0.05). The relative value of delta R2* relaxometry, diameter, and number of hypointensive spots could be calculated to assess the survival of the iron-labeled islet grafts. Assessment of iron-labeled islet grafts using a clinical 3.0-T magnetic resonance scanner represents a useful method that has potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Shanghai Organ Transplantation Clinical Medical Center, the First People's Hospital affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is frequently cited for its ease of quantification. This fundamental strength of BLI has led to applications in cancer research, cell transplantation, and monitoring of infectious disease in which bioluminescence intensity is correlated with other metrics. However, bioluminescence measurements can be influenced by a number of factors, among them source location, tissue optical properties, and substrate availability and pharmacokinetics. Accounting for these many factors is crucial for accurate BLI quantification. A number of methods can be employed to ensure correct interpretation of BLI results and validate BLI techniques. This chapter summarizes the use of calibrated light-emitting standards, bioluminescence tomography, and post-mortem validation of luciferase expression for validating quantitative BLI measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Virostko
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Holmberg D, Ahlgren U. Imaging the pancreas: from ex vivo to non-invasive technology. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2148-54. [PMID: 18777169 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While many recently published reviews have covered non-invasive nuclear imaging techniques, the aim of this review is to focus on current developments in optical imaging technologies for investigating the pancreas. Several of these modalities are being developed into non-invasive, real-time monitoring routines for pancreatic diseases. However, they also provide pre-clinical ex vivo and/or intravital tools for three-dimensional quantitative assessments of cellular and molecular events, with levels of specificity and resolution difficult to achieve with other currently available modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holmberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent, IDDM) results in immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which leads to a deficiency in insulin secretion and as a result, to hyperglycaemia. Keeping blood glucose levels under tight control represents the most effective way either to prevent the onset or to reduce the progression of the chronic complications of IDDM. At present, pancreatic islet transplantation is emerging as the most promising clinical modality, which can stop diabetes progression without increasing the incidence of hypoglycaemic events. Although early results of clinical trials using the Edmonton Protocol and its variations are very encouraging, it is still unclear how long the islets will survive and how often the transplantation procedure will be successful. In order to monitor transplantation efficiency and graft survival, reliable non-invasive imaging methods are critically needed. If such methods are introduced clinically, essential information regarding the location, function and viability of transplanted islets can be obtained repeatedly and non-invasively. This review will focus on the latest advancements in the field of in vivo imaging of islet transplantation and describe various islet labelling and imaging techniques. In addition, we will critically look into limitations and obstacles currently present on the way to successful clinical implementation of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Medarova
- Molecular Imaging Program, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Cheng D, Lo C, Sefton MV. Effect of mouse VEGF164on the viability of hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate-microencapsulated cellsin vivo: Bioluminescence imaging. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 87:321-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen X, Zhang X, Larson C, Xia G, Kaufman DB. Prolonging islet allograft survival using in vivo bioluminescence imaging to guide timing of antilymphocyte serum treatment of rejection. Transplantation 2008; 85:1246-52. [PMID: 18475179 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31816b66b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a sensitive and noninvasive method for tracking the fate of transplanted islets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether early detection of rejection by BLI can aid in the timing of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) treatment for prolonging islet graft survival. METHODS Transgenic islets (200 per recipient) expressing the firefly luciferase from FVB/NJ strain (H-2q) mice were transplanted under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-induced diabetic allogeneic Balb/c strain (H-2q) mice. BLI signals and serum glucose levels were measured daily after transplant. Four groups of mice were transplanted: group 1 recipients were untreated controls (n=12), group 2 (n=8) received ALS before transplant, group 3 (n=10) received ALS at a time after transplant when normoglycemic but prompted by a reduction (approximately 30%) in BLI signal intensity for 2 consecutive days, and group 4 (n=5) received ALS after transplant when prompted by blood glucose levels increasing approximately 20% from the normoglycemic baseline (BLI reduction approximately 70%). RESULTS The incidence of graft loss from rejection in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 92.3%, 88%, 40%, and 100%, respectively. The mean (+/-SE) time to graft loss in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 22.5+/-4.8, 29.2+/-9.9, 53.5+/-17.9, and 22.1+/-2.4 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive imaging modalities of functional islet mass, such as BLI (but not blood glucose levels), can prompt the appropriate timing of ALS treatment of islet allograft rejection and significantly prolong graft survival or protect the grafts from permanent loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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