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Lavie CJ, Carbone S, Slipczuk L. Physical activity with or without dietary intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:753-755. [PMID: 38821244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- The John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Leandro Slipczuk
- Montefiore Health System/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Mirzai S, Carbone S, Batsis JA, Kritchevsky SB, Kitzman DW, Shapiro MD. Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overlooked but High-Risk Syndrome. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:532-544. [PMID: 38753289 PMCID: PMC11306598 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the coexistence of excess fat mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in older adults. This review summarizes recent findings on the diagnosis, prevalence, health impacts, and treatment of SO. RECENT FINDINGS Growing evidence suggests SO exacerbates cardiometabolic risk and adverse health outcomes beyond either condition alone; however, the heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the observational nature of most studies prohibit the evaluation of a causal relationship. This is concerning given that SO is increasing with the aging population, although that is also difficult to assess accurately given wide-ranging prevalence estimates. A recent consensus definition proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the European Association for the Study of Obesity provides a framework of standardized criteria to diagnose SO. Adopting uniform diagnostic criteria for SO will enable more accurate characterization of prevalence and cardiometabolic risk moving forward. Although current management revolves around diet for weight loss coupled with resistance training to mitigate further muscle loss, emerging pharmacologic therapies have shown promising results. As the global population ages, diagnosing and managing SO will become imperative to alleviate the cardiovascular burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mirzai
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John A Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Medical Center Blvd, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Lin Z, Yuan S, Li B, Guan J, He J, Song C, Li J, Dou K. Insulin-based or non-insulin-based insulin resistance indicators and risk of long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population: a 25-year cohort study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2024; 50:101566. [PMID: 39127168 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although insulin resistance (IR) has been recognized to be a causal component in various diseases, current information on the relationship between IR and long-term mortality in the general population is limited and conclusions varied among different IR indicators and different populations. We aimed to assess associations between different measurements of IR with long-term all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality risk for the general population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 13,909 individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality was identified via National Death Index information until December 31, 2019. IR was measured using fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), insulin-to-glucose ratio (IGR), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), and hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype. RESULTS During median 25-year follow-up, 5,306 all-cause mortality events occurred. After multivariate adjustment, variables significantly associated with elevated all-cause mortality risk were (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]): higher insulin (1.07 [1.02;1.13]); HOMA-IR (1.08 [1.03;1.13]); IGR (1.05 [1.00;1.11]); TyG (1.07 [1.00;1.14]); TyG-BMI (1.24 [1.02;1.51]); lower QUICKI (0.91 [0.86-0.96]). After stratification by diabetes status, higher insulin, HOMA-IR, TyG-BMI and lower QUICKI were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in both diabetes and non-diabetes populations (all P for interaction > 0.05). Higher TyG (adjusted HR 1.17 [1.09;1.26], P for interaction = 0.018) and hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype (adjusted HR 1.26 [1.08;1.46], P for interaction = 0.047) were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, however, these associations could not be seen in people without diabetes. Similar results were observed between the above-mentioned IR indicators and cardiovascular death. CONCLUSIONS Fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TyG-BMI, and QUICKI may indicate mortality risk in diabetes and non-diabetes populations, with TyG and the hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype showing particular relevance for individuals with diabetes. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and determine their broader applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jining He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Kefei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China; Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Ji JJ, Zhao MJ, Xiao ML, Zhang HE, Tan Q, Cheng YR, Lu F. Association between relative muscle strength and cardiovascular disease among middle-aged and older adults in China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1928. [PMID: 39026227 PMCID: PMC11256373 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well known. However, the clinical diagnosis of sarcopenia is complex and not suitable for early clinical identification and prevention of CVD. Relative muscle strength (RMS) is a relatively quantitative and straightforward indicator, but its association with CVD remains unclear. Hence, the objective of this research was to investigate the correlation between RMS and CVD incidence. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study, using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011. CVD events were assessed through self-reported physician diagnoses. The RMS was determined by dividing the maximum grip strength by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). This study used multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves to explore the correlation between RMS and CVD incidence. Additionally, we conducted subgroup analyses to provide additional evidence supporting the association between the two variables. RESULTS A total of 8,733 people were included in our study, with 1,152 (13.19%) CVD patients and 7,581 (86.81%) non-CVD patients. When the data were grouped according to quartiles (Q) of RMS, the inverse association between CVD and RMS remained statistically significant even after controlling for all potential confounding factors. Compared with participants in Q1 of RMS, the ORs (95% CIs) of CVD among those in Q2-Q4 were 0.99 (0.83, 1.17), 0.81 (0.67, 0.98), and 0.70 (0.57, 0.85), respectively. Moreover, the RCS results showed a negative linear correlation between the RMS and CVD incidence (P for nonlinearity = 0.555). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant interaction in any of the groups except for the sex group (P for interaction = 0.046). CONCLUSION Our study indicated a stable negative correlation between RMS and CVD incidence. RMS is helpful for the early identification and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jin Ji
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhao
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Meng-Li Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui-E Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Qin Tan
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yu-Rong Cheng
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Fang Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100091, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Ueno K, Kaneko H, Kamiya K, Suzuki Y, Okada A, Takeda N, Fujiu K, Morita H, Ako J, Node K, Yasunaga H, Komuro I. Age-Dependent Relationship of Physical Inactivity With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: Analysis of a Large Japanese Cohort. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00501-4. [PMID: 38906248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been limited studies examining age-dependent associations between physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to clarify the age-dependent relationship of physical inactivity with incident CVD. METHODS We analyzed 1,097,424 participants, aged 18 to 105 years, without histories of CVD, enrolled in the DeSC database (median age, 63 years; 46.4% men). We categorized participants into the following 4 groups based on age: ≤ 44 years (n = 203,835); 45 to 64 years (n = 403,619); 65 to 79 years (n = 437,236); and ≥ 80 years (n = 52,734). We used 3 physical inactivity components gained from the self-reported questionnaire during a health checkup. The outcomes were composite CVD events including myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and each CVD event. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 3.2 ± 1.9 years, 81,649 CVD events were observed. The hazard ratios of 3 physical inactivity components for CVD events increased with age category (P for interaction < 0.001). For example, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of physical inactivity defined as not doing light sweaty exercise for 30 minutes at least twice a week for incident CVD in the groups aged ≤ 44 years, 45 to 64 years, 65 to 79 years, and ≥ 80 years were 0.97 (0.88-1.05), 1.08 (1.05-1.12), 1.12 (1.10-1.15), and 1.17 (1.12-1.21), respectively (P for interaction < 0.001). This association was consistent across subtypes of CVD including heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. CONCLUSIONS The association of physical inactivity with a higher risk of developing CVD increased with age. Preventive efforts for physical activity optimization may be more valuable in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ueno
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kaneko
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kamiya
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okada
- Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and The Department of Health Services Research, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Department of Advanced Cardiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- The Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Frontier Cardiovascular Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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Kaewdech A, Assawasuwannakit S, Churuangsuk C, Chamroonkul N, Sripongpun P. Effect of smartphone-assisted lifestyle intervention in MASLD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13961. [PMID: 38886203 PMCID: PMC11183044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is emerging globally as a significant problem. The mainstay of treatment is lifestyle intervention (LSI). We hypothesized that providing information regarding LSI and MASLD through a social media application generally used in the respective society would improve clinical outcomes in MASLD more than standard of care (SOC). This is a randomized controlled study in noncirrhotic MASLD patients aged 18-65 years in Thailand. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the control (SOC) or intervention arm. Patients in both groups received standard LSI advice. Infographics about MASLD and LSI information were sent to the intervention group every 3-7 days via the LINE official account. The outcomes are changes in liver steatosis and liver stiffness by FIBROSCAN at 24 weeks, as well as weight loss, body composition, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level between the two groups. A total of 122 patients were enrolled. The median age of eligible participants was 53 years, 64.7% were female, and median body mass index was 27.3 kg/m2. After a complete 24-week study period, both groups had an improvement in weight, ALT level, liver steatosis, and fat mass, but the differences in those changes between groups were not statistically significant. Interestingly, a significant improvement in liver stiffness was observed in the intervention group than in the control group (- 0.7 ± 1.8 kPa vs. 0.1 ± 2.4 kPa, P = 0.035). Encouraging LSI and delivering MASLD information via a social media application (LINE official account) to patients with MASLD demonstrated a better outcome of liver stiffness measurement than SOC.Clinical trial number: TCTR20210304002 (04/03/2021) ( http://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20210304002 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichat Kaewdech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Suraphon Assawasuwannakit
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand
| | - Chaitong Churuangsuk
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Medicine Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Naichaya Chamroonkul
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Pimsiri Sripongpun
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Mayer C, Ittermann T, Schipf S, Gross S, Kim S, Schielke J, Bülow R, Kühn J, Lerch MM, Völzke H, Felix SB, Bahls M, Targher G, Dörr M, Markus MRP. Lower muscular strength is associated with greater liver fat content and higher serum liver enzymes-"The Sedentary's Liver" The Study of Health in Pomerania. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:824-833. [PMID: 38874978 PMCID: PMC11236008 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the associations of low handgrip strength (HGS, i.e., a marker of muscular fitness) with liver fat content (LFC) and serum liver enzymes in a population-based setting. We used data from 2700 participants (51.7% women), aged 21-90 years, from two independent cohorts of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-START-2 and SHIP-TREND-0). Cross-sectional, multivariable adjusted regression models were performed to examine the associations of HGS with LFC, measured by magnetic resonance imaging and serum liver enzymes. We found significant inverse associations of HGS with both LFC and serum liver enzymes. Specifically, a 10-kg lower HGS was associated with a 0.59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.94; p = 0.001) higher LFC, a 0.051 µkatal/L (95% CI: 0.005-0.097; p = 0.031) higher gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration and a 0.010 µkatal/L (95% CI: 0.001-0.020; p = 0.023) higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentration. The adjusted odds-ratio for prevalent hepatic steatosis (defined by a MRI-PDFF ≥5.1%) per 10-kg lower HGS was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.40; p = 0.014). When considering only obese individuals, those with low HGS had a 1.58% (95% CI: 0.18-2.98; p = 0.027) higher mean LFC and higher chance of prevalent hepatic steatosis (adjusted OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.15-2.62; p = 0.009) compared to individuals with high HGS. We found similar associations in individuals with overweight, but not in those with normal weight. Lower HGS was strongly associated with both higher LFC and higher serum GGT and AST concentrations. Future studies might clarify whether these findings reflect adverse effects of a sedentary lifestyle or aging on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudius Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Till Ittermann
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical‐Epidemiological ResearchInstitute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical‐Epidemiological ResearchInstitute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stefan Gross
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Simon Kim
- Center for Hand‐ and Functional MicrosurgeryUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jan Schielke
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Jens‐Peter Kühn
- Institute and Policlinic for Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity HospitalCarl Gustav Carus UniversityTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- Department of Internal Medicine AUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- LMU University HospitalLudwig Maximilians University MunichMunichGermany
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- Department of Study of Health in Pomerania/Clinical‐Epidemiological ResearchInstitute for Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Stephan Burkhard Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Martin Bahls
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismDepartment of MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Marcello Ricardo Paulista Markus
- Department of Internal Medicine BUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Partner Site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
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Park J, Park S. Association of Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Middle-Aged Postmenopausal Women: An Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2024; 20:183-194. [PMID: 38628618 PMCID: PMC11020303 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s442277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Handgrip strength is an indicator of overall muscle strength and has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that menopause is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women, and muscle strength decreases progressively after menopause. Despite the prognostic importance of the decline in muscle strength and increased cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal women, evidence of their association is limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength and cardiovascular disease risk among postmenopausal, middle-aged Korean women. Patients and Methods Using pooled cohort equations, we calculated the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) among postmenopausal women (N = 2019) aged 50-64 years without cardiovascular disease history from the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative grip strength was defined as measured grip strength divided by body mass index. Logistic regression analysis of a complex sampling design was performed to evaluate the association between relative grip strength and a predicted 10-year ASCVD risk ≥7.5%. Results The average handgrip strength was 24.8 kg, and 5.2% of women were considered for sarcopenia (<18 kg). The quartile-stratified relative grip strength was negatively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk (p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for the highest relative grip strength quartile was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36-0.78), and that of the group who breastfed for more than 12 months was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.36-2.25) for 10-year ASCVD risk. Conclusion Increased handgrip strength may be associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk among middle-aged postmenopausal women in Korea. Our findings provide critical evidence regarding the importance of increasing handgrip strength among postmenopausal, middle-aged women to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Handgrip strength measurement might be a valuable screening tool for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyung Park
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Park
- College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
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Zhang B, Zheng C, Hu M, Fang Y, Shi Y, Tse ACY, Lo SK, Wong SHS, Sun F. The effect of different high-intensity interval training protocols on cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in sedentary young women: A randomized controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:751-762. [PMID: 38864405 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2363708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Few studies have reported the cardiovascular health effects of different high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols among sedentary young women. We investigated the impact of a traditional HIIT programme and a high-intensity circuit training (HICT) programme on lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokine levels in sedentary young women. Forty-two women were randomly assigned to HICT (body weight-based training), HIIT (cycling-based training), or control groups (n = 14 each). HICT and HIIT participants completed an 8-week training programme of three sessions per week. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoprotein, leptin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8, and interferon-gamma levels were measured before and after the intervention. Post-intervention, TC and leptin were decreased in the HICT group. The HICT group also demonstrated increased lean mass, upper and lower limb strength, and balance, while the HIIT group displayed improved lower limb strength. Additionally, the control group showed significant increases in triglyceride levels, weight, body mass index, and fat mass. In conclusion, although both HICT and HIIT interventions showed improvements in cardiovascular health and physical fitness, participants in the HICT group experienced more health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Zhang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy Choi-Yeung Tse
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sing-Kai Lo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Tsai KZ, Liu PY, Huang WC, Chu CC, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Oral health and physical performance in Asian military males: The cardiorespiratory fitness and health in armed forces. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:998-1003. [PMID: 38618117 PMCID: PMC11010624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose It is unclear about whether the oral health has impact on physical performance. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between oral health and physical performance in 300 military adults in Taiwan. Materials and methods Oral health was assessed by the presence of periodontitis and dental caries. The status of cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance capacity was respectively assessed by tertiles of time for a 3000-m run and 2-min push-up numbers. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses with adjustments for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, blood pressure, anthropometric variables, lipid profile, fasting glucose and physical activity were used to determine the association. Results Participants with periodontitis were more likely to have worse 3000-m running performance classified in the lowest tertile [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 1.94 (1.03, 3.66)]. Participants with any dental caries were more likely to have worse push-ups performance classified in the lowest tertile [OR: 2.50 (1.27, 4.92)]. In linear regression analyses, dental caries numbers were inversely correlated with 2-min push-ups numbers [β = -1.04 (-2.07, -0.01)]. Conclusion This study suggests that oral health is crucial to maintain physical fitness, and dental caries and periodontitis may affect differently on aerobic and muscular endurance capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chih Chu
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Lee JW, Hong SU, Lee JH, Park SY. Estimation of Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Measurements of Muscle Thickness and Muscle Quality. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:149. [PMID: 38391635 PMCID: PMC10886028 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether amplitude modulation (A-mode) ultrasound (US) provides accurate and reliable measurements comparable to those obtained using brightness modulation (B-mode) US under diverse conditions. Thirty healthy participants (15 women and 15 men) underwent measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), muscle thickness (MT), and muscle quality (MQ) in the trapezius and biceps brachii muscles using both US modes before and after exercises designed to stimulate the respective muscles. Among the three key indices, the results demonstrated the high validity of the A-mode, with minimal mean differences (MDs) between the two devices less than 0.91 mm and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) exceeding 0.95 for all measures. In addition, the correlation coefficients between the error scores and average scores for the trapezius and biceps brachii suggested no evidence of systematic error. The trapezius MT and MQ significantly increased, and the biceps brachii MT significantly increased after the exercises (p < 0.05). Notably, both the A- and B-modes exhibited the same trend in these post-exercise changes in the muscle. This study suggests that low-cost and low-resolution A-mode US provides measurements of SFT, MT, and MQ similar to the more expensive, high-resolution B-mode imaging. A-mode US is an affordable and portable alternative for muscle assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ug Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology and Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yun Park
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zaman S, Raj IS, Yang AWH, Lindner R, Denham J. Exercise training reduces arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hypertens 2024; 42:197-204. [PMID: 37851002 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The acute and long-term benefits of exercise on cardiovascular health are well established, yet the optimal mode of exercise training that improves arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the influence of aerobic and resistance training on arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure. After an extensive search of four online databases, six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analyses. Data were extracted from six studies examining the influence of exercise on arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Whereas aerobic exercise significantly reduced arterial PWV in women with high blood pressure after long-term training [SMD -1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.34 to -1.40], resistance training had a more modest effect that was borderline statistically significant (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.65 to 0.03). These findings suggest regular long-term aerobic exercise training (i.e. 12-20 week interventions) reduces arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure. Although not statistically significant, the modest number of included trials and lack of publication bias encourages further assessments on the efficacy of resistance exercise for improving arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure. Given the unique benefits of aerobic and resistance training, particularly for postmenopausal women (e.g. bone health and muscular strength), both modes of training should be encouraged for women with high blood pressure to enhance arterial function and support favorable cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Zaman
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Isaac Selva Raj
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria
- Edith Cowan University, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Joondalup, Western Australia
| | | | - Robert Lindner
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Joshua Denham
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria
- University of Southern Queensland, School of Health and Medical Sciences
- Centre for Health Research, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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13
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Correia AS, Zymbal V, Baptista F. Musculoskeletal fitness: relative handgrip strength and vertical jump power from 10 to 18 years old. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1207609. [PMID: 38333086 PMCID: PMC10850334 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1207609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing consensus on the relevance of musculoskeletal fitness for health throughout the life cycle, requiring evaluation approaches and description of results capable of characterizing different age groups and body sizes. This study aimed to describe the musculoskeletal fitness of young Portuguese people aged 10-18 through handgrip strength (HGS) and vertical jump power (VJP) and investigate differences between the sexes. Methods The sample included 736 participants (359 girls recruited from schools. HGS (kg) was assessed using a handheld dynamometer, and VJP (W) was assessed using a force platform; both measurements were standardized for body mass. Results Higher HGS and VJP were observed in boys than in girls from 13 years old (13 years: p ≤ 0.05; 14-18 years: p ≤ 0.001), with no significant differences before this age. The percentile distributions of HGS and VJP are described for each sex using the lambda, mu, sigma (LMS) method. The pattern of development of these variables as a function of age is presented. Conclusions Handgrip strength and vertical jump power show differences between the sexes from 13 years of age and similar trajectories to populations in other countries in the same age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel S. Correia
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Zymbal
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Escola Superior de Saúde, Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baptista
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Camacho-Cardenosa A, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Alcantara JMA, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR. Sex-specific dose-response effects of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults: The ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14507. [PMID: 37787096 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Concurrent training has been postulated as an appropriate time-efficient strategy to improve physical fitness, yet whether the exercise-induced adaptations are similar in men and women is unknown. An unblinded randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate sex-specific dose-response effects of a 24-week supervised concurrent exercise training program on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength in young adults. One hundred and forty-four sedentary adults aged 18-25 years were assigned to either (i) a control group (n = 54), (ii) a moderate intensity exercise group (MOD-EX, n = 46), or (iii) a vigorous intensity exercise group (VIG-EX, n = 44) by unrestricted randomization. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max ), hand grip strength, and one-repetition maximum of leg press and bench press were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. A total of 102 participants finished the intervention (Control, n = 36; 52% women, MOD-EX, n = 37; 70% women, and VIG-EX, n = 36; 72% women). In men, VO2max significantly increased in the MOD-EX (~8%) compared with the control group and in the VIG-EX group after the intervention (~6.5%). In women, VO2max increased in the MOD-EX and VIG-EX groups (~5.5%) compared with the control group after the intervention. There was a significant increment of leg press in the MOD-EX (~15.5%) and VIG-EX (~18%) groups compared with the control group (~1%) in women. A 24-week supervised concurrent exercise was effective at improving cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body limbs muscular strength in young women-independently of the predetermined intensity-while only at moderate intensity improved cardiorespiratory fitness in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Camacho-Cardenosa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A Kaminsky
- College of Health, Ball State University, Fisher Institute of Health and Well-Being, Muncie, Indiana
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16
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Pamart N, Drigny J, Azambourg H, Remilly M, Macquart M, Lefèvre A, Lahjaily K, Parienti JJ, Rocamora A, Guermont H, Desvergée A, Ollitrault P, Tournoux F, Saloux E, Normand H, Reboursière E, Gauthier A, Hodzic A. Effects of a 20-Week High-Intensity Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Gain and Cardiac Adaptation in Untrained Men: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47876. [PMID: 37874630 PMCID: PMC10630871 DOI: 10.2196/47876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As strength sports gain popularity, there is a growing need to explore the impact of sustained strength training on cardiac biventricular structure and function, an area that has received less attention compared to the well-established physiological cardiac adaptation to endurance training. OBJECTIVE This study aims to implement a 20-week high-intensity strength training program to enhance maximal muscle strength and evaluate its impact on cardiac biventricular adaptation in healthy, untrained men. METHODS A total of 27 healthy and untrained young men (mean age 22.8, SD 3.2 years) participated in a strength training program designed to increase muscle strength. The training program involved concentric, eccentric, and isometric exercise phases, conducted over a consecutive 20-week time frame with a frequency of 3 weekly training sessions. Participants were evaluated before and after 12 and 20 weeks of training through body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance), a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, 3D transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and muscle isokinetic dynamometry. The progression of strength training loads was guided by 1-repetition maximum (RM) testing during the training program. RESULTS Of the initial cohort, 22 participants completed the study protocol. No injuries were reported. The BMI (mean 69.8, SD 10.8 kg/m² vs mean 72, SD 11 kg/m²; P=.72) and the fat mass (mean 15.3%, SD 7.5% vs mean 16.5%, SD 7%; P=.87) remained unchanged after training. The strength training program led to significant gains in 1-RM exercise testing as early as 4 weeks into training for leg extension (mean 69.6, SD 17.7 kg vs mean 96.5, SD 31 kg; P<.001), leg curl (mean 43.2, SD 9.7 kg vs mean 52.8, SD 13.4 kg; P<.001), inclined press (mean 174.1, SD 41.1 kg vs mean 229.2, SD 50.4 kg; P<.001), butterfly (mean 26.3, SD 6.2 kg vs mean 32.5, SD 6.6 kg; P<.001), and curl biceps on desk (mean 22.9, SD 5.2 kg vs mean 29.6, SD 5.2 kg; P<.001). After 20 weeks, the 1-RM leg curl, bench press, pullover, butterfly, leg extension, curl biceps on desk, and inclined press showed significant mean percentage gains of +40%, +41.1%, +50.3%, +63.5%, +80.1%, +105%, and +106%, respectively (P<.001). Additionally, the isokinetic evaluation confirmed increases in maximal strength for the biceps (+9.2 Nm), triceps (+11.6 Nm), quadriceps (+46.8 Nm), and hamstrings (+25.3 Nm). In this paper, only the training and muscular aspects are presented; the cardiac analysis will be addressed separately. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a short-term high-intensity strength training program was successful in achieving significant gains in muscle strength among previously untrained young men. We intend to use this protocol to gain a better understanding of the impact of high-intensity strength training on cardiac physiological remodeling, thereby providing new insights into the cardiac global response in strength athletes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04187170; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04187170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pamart
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Joffrey Drigny
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Hélène Azambourg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Marion Remilly
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Kamal Lahjaily
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Jean Jacques Parienti
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Amélia Rocamora
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Henri Guermont
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Desvergée
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Ollitrault
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Francois Tournoux
- Research Center of the Montreal University Hospital, Montreal University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Saloux
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Hervé Normand
- Inserm Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Reboursière
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- UFR STAPS, Normandie Université, Caen, France
- Inserm Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Amir Hodzic
- Department of Sports Medicine, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Department of Cardiology, Normandie Université, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Inserm Comete, GIP Cyceron, Normandie Université, Caen, France
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17
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Al Ozairi E, Alsaeed D, Al Roudhan D, Jalali M, Mashankar A, Taliping D, Abdulla A, Gill JMR, Sattar N, Welsh P, Gray SR. The effect of home-based resistance exercise training in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3677. [PMID: 37330638 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effects of pragmatic home-based resistance exercise training on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as well as muscle strength and body composition in people with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS People with type 2 diabetes were randomized (1:1) to usual care or usual care plus home-based resistance exercise for 32 weeks. The changes in HbA1c, body composition, physical function, quality of life, continuous glucose monitoring and liver fat were compared by randomized group using linear regression. RESULTS This study recruited 120 participants (female: n = 46 [38%], age 60.2 (9.4) years, BMI 31.1 (5.4) kg.m-2 ), 64 to intervention and 56 to usual care. Intention to treat analysis revealed no effect on HbA1c (difference in difference: -0.4 mmol/mol, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.26, 2.47; p = 0.78) but the intervention increased the number of push-ups (3.6 push-ups, 95% CI: 0.8, 6.4), arm lean mass (116 g, 95% CI: 6, 227) and leg lean mass (438 g, 95% CI 65, 810) and decreased liver fat (-1.27%, 95% CI -2.17, -0.38), with no differences in other outcomes. Per-protocol analysis revealed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Home-based resistance exercise is unlikely to lower HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes but may be of benefit for maintaining muscle mass and function and reducing liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebaa Al Ozairi
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alsaeed
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dherar Al Roudhan
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Jalali
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anant Mashankar
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dennis Taliping
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Amal Abdulla
- Clinical Research Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jason M R Gill
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart R Gray
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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18
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Zare S, Hasani M, Estêvão MD, Tahmasebi R, Azadbakht L, Shidfar F, Heshmati J, Ziaei S. Muscle Strength and Biochemical Markers as Predictors of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:293-303. [PMID: 37969939 PMCID: PMC10641328 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.4.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic renal failure, many of which treated with hemodialysis, present a high prevalence of impaired muscle strength which suggest that muscle mass parameters may be used as markers for changes in muscle in these patients. Measurement of handgrip strength (HGS) is a common, simple, and quick measure of muscle function an indicator of overall muscle strength which has been associated with physical activity and several anthropometric traits. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are biochemical markers associated with inflammatory processes which are a common consequence of dialysis. Additionally, hemodialysis patients frequently present signs of malnutrition and depression. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate if muscle and biochemical markers could be used to predict the risk of depression in hemodialysis patients. Several anthropometric parameters, nutrient intake, depression state and the serum levels of ICAM-1 and IGF-1 were determined and Pearson's correlation coefficient and/or Spearman's correlation coefficient were used to test the correlation between them. Our results do not show a correlation between HGF, IGF-1 and ICAM-1 with the depression status of the patients, but mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) was statistically and positively correlated with depression. Additionally, ICAM-1 levels were negatively correlated with HGS, MAMC, and IGF-1. Overall, the results of the present study suggest that HGS may be used as an indicator of cardiovascular diseases and MAMC may be a good predictor of the level of depression in hemodialysis patients, although further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Zare
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - M. Dulce Estêvão
- Universidade do Algarve, Escola Superior de Saúde, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Rahim Tahmasebi
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 141556117, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Javad Heshmati
- ICU Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415333, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ziaei
- ICU Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415333, Iran
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19
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Albornoz-Guerrero J, Barceló O, García-Merino S, García-Pérez-de-Sevilla G, Cigarroa I, Zapata-Lamana R. Protocol Study: Resistance Training Program, Nutritional, Sleep, and Screen Use Recommendations in Schoolchildren from Educational Centers in the Extreme South of Chile. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:74. [PMID: 37736957 PMCID: PMC10514887 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has tripled, reaching critical levels of malnutrition. This factor is directly associated with a poorer health-related quality of life of the child and adolescent population. This article presents the study protocol of the project "Strong schoolchildren with a healthy lifestyle" (EF-Salud), which seeks to analyze the effects of a multicomponent program based on muscle strength exercises, sleep nutritional recommendations, and the use of screens in Chilean educational centers with extremely cold weather. METHODS The study protocol of a randomized controlled trial with a pre- and post-test conducted according to the CONSORT statement is reported. The total sample (n = 144) will be schoolchildren from six different school years, four of which will perform an intervention and two control. Intervention group 1 (from two different school years) will receive a muscular strength exercise program in the classroom once a day from Monday to Friday for six months and nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once a week. Intervention group 2 (from two different school years) will receive a program of nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once per week for six months. The control group (from two different school years) will carry out their usual school day in relation to physical education classes. Before and after the intervention, the investigators will evaluate the cardiovascular risk, physical condition, and lifestyle related to sleep and use of screens. EXPECTED RESULTS The schoolchildren in intervention group 1 will obtain significant results in increased strength, decreased cardiovascular risk, improved sleep habits, and fewer hours of screen use compared to the other two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Albornoz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 62000000, Chile;
| | - Olga Barceló
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sonia García-Merino
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile;
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20
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Nan Y, Zhou Y, Dai Z, Yan T, Zhong P, Zhang F, Chen Q, Peng L. Role of nutrition in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1214684. [PMID: 37614743 PMCID: PMC10442553 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1214684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly population and is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction. During COPD progression, a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications develop, with sarcopenia being one of the most common extrapulmonary complications. Factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of coexisting COPD and sarcopenia include systemic inflammation, hypoxia, hypercapnia, oxidative stress, protein metabolic imbalance, and myocyte mitochondrial dysfunction. These factors, individually or in concert, affect muscle function, resulting in decreased muscle mass and strength. The occurrence of sarcopenia severely affects the quality of life of patients with COPD, resulting in increased readmission rates, longer hospital admission, and higher mortality. In recent years, studies have found that oral supplementation with protein, micronutrients, fat, or a combination of nutritional supplements can improve the muscle strength and physical performance of these patients; some studies have also elucidated the possible underlying mechanisms. This review aimed to elucidate the role of nutrition among patients with coexisting COPD and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Nan
- Department of Ningxia Geriatrics Medical Center, Ningxia People’s Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Ningxia Geriatrics Medical Center, Ningxia People’s Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Pingping Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fufeng Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Biber DD. An Analysis of an Exercise is Medicine on Campus ® Program: A Case Report. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:479-484. [PMID: 37426727 PMCID: PMC10328199 DOI: 10.1177/15598276231165491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an Exercise is Medicine on Campus® program on university student biometrics and muscular endurance. It was hypothesized that participants in the 12-week program would experience significant improvements in body mass index, blood pressure, body fat percentage, waist circumference, and muscular endurance. METHODS To be eligible for the program, participants must have met two of the three criteria: (1) blood pressure over 140 and/or 90 (3 consecutive measurements over 2 weeks), (2) BMI over 30, and/or (3) diagnosed chronic condition or currently taking medication for chronic condition. Participants engaged in six bi-weekly exercise instructional meetings that lasted approximately 30 minutes in length. Participants completed measures of resting heart rate, waist-to-hip ratio, body composition percentage via bioelectrical impedance, and muscular endurance before and after the program. RESULTS Although not statistically significant, there was a decrease in BMI, blood pressure, body fat percentage, and waist circumference from pre- to post-program. Two-tailed t-tests revealed significant improvements in squats (P = .04), pushups (P = .05), and curl-ups (P = .03) from pre- to post-program. CONCLUSION The results are discussed in terms of current research and future university campus application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke D. Biber
- Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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22
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Isath A, Koziol KJ, Martinez MW, Garber CE, Martinez MN, Emery MS, Baggish AL, Naidu SS, Lavie CJ, Arena R, Krittanawong C. Exercise and cardiovascular health: A state-of-the-art review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 79:44-52. [PMID: 37120119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, and low levels of physical activity (PA) is a leading independent predictor of poor CV health and associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors that predispose to CVD development. In this review, we evaluate the benefits of exercise on CV health. We discuss the CV adaptations to exercise, focusing on the physiological changes in the heart and vasculature. We review the impact and benefits of exercise on specific CV prevention, including type II diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, in addition to CVD-related and all-cause mortality. Lastly, we evaluate the current PA guidelines and various modes of exercise, assessing the current literature for the effective regimens of PA that improve CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameesh Isath
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Centre and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Klaudia J Koziol
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew W Martinez
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sports Cardiology and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Atlantic Health, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, United States of America
| | - Carol Ewing Garber
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Program in Applied Physiology, Teachers College, Columbia University, United States of America
| | - Matthew N Martinez
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael S Emery
- Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Section of Clinical Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Aaron L Baggish
- Cardiovascular Performance Program, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Srihari S Naidu
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Centre and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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23
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Rozanski A, Sakul S, Narula J, Uretsky S, Lavie CJ, Berman D. Assessment of lifestyle-related risk factors enhances the effectiveness of cardiac stress testing. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:95-106. [PMID: 36931544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stress tests have been widely utilized since the 1960s for the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Clinical risk is primarily based on assessing the presence and magnitude of inducible myocardial ischemia. However, the primary factors driving mortality risk have changed over recent decades. Factors such as typical angina and inducible ischemia have decreased, whereas the percentage of patients with diabetes, obesity and hypertension have increased. There has also been a marked temporal increase in the percentage of patients who require pharmacologic testing due to inability to perform treadmill exercise at the time of cardiac stress testing and this need has emerged as the most potent predictor of mortality risk in contemporary stress test populations. However, the long-term clinical risk posed by the inability to perform exercise and concomitant CAD risk factors are rarely reflected in the assessment of patients' prognostic risk in cardiac stress test reports. In this review, we suggest that the clinical utility of present-day cardiac stress testing can be improved by developing a more comprehensive assessment that integrates and reports all factors which modulate patients' long-term clinical risk following stress testing. This should include assessment of patients' CAD risk factors, physical activity habits and mobility risks, identification of the reasons why patients could not exercise at the time of cardiac stress testing. In addition, the assessment of four core non-aerobic functional parameters should be considered among patients who cannot exercise: assessment of gait speed, handgrip strength, lower extremity strength, and standing balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rozanski
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Sakul Sakul
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Seth Uretsky
- Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, United States of America
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the UQ School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Berman
- Departments of Imaging and Medicine, Burns and Allen Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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24
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Ramos M, Palmeira L, Oliveira T, Melo R, Lopes C, Carvalho I, Chagas D, Batista LA. Association of handgrip strength with anthropometry of a Brazilian healthy adolescent sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:62-69. [PMID: 34952559 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2021713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of dynamometric and anthropometric information for industry is known; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between anthropometry and handgrip strength (HGS) in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of anthropometric variables with the level of HGS production in adolescents. Participants were 541 adolescents aged 12-16 years from a public school in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The behavior of the following variables was examined: the ability to generate HGS, age, total body mass, height and hand dimensions (hand width, hand span, hand length). The results showed an increase in the ability to generate HGS in adolescence and a significant difference between the genders from 13 years old, where boys generated higher HGS values. Correlations between HGS and total body mass and the hand width stood out in both genders, indicating a greater association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ramos
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Liszt Palmeira
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainá Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Rogério Melo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Chagas
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Batista
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
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25
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D'Onofrio G, Kirschner J, Prather H, Goldman D, Rozanski A. Musculoskeletal exercise: Its role in promoting health and longevity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:25-36. [PMID: 36841491 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) is an often ignored but essential component of physical health.. The functioning of the musculoskeletal system declines with age, resulting in sarcopenia, loss of muscle strength and power, decrease in muscle flexibility and balance. Other pertinent age-related changes include decline in basal metabolic rate, increase in fat mass, and decrease in bone mineral density. Such primary aging can be accentuated by the concomitant presence of comorbid conditions, such as insulin resistance and diabetes, obesity, inflammatory conditions, and physical inactivity (PI). The latter is often promoted by the presence of musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis, back pain, and osteoporosis, which are quite common in society. RT can diminish long-term joint stress, "resist" age-related physiological deterioration and improve health outcomes through its ability to increase muscle strength and mass, balance the distribution of forces within a joint, increase basal metabolic rate and bone density, reduce body fat and cardiac risk factors, enhance endothelial function, and promote cognitive function and psychological well-being. Accordingly, health providers should screen for PI, lack of RT, and mobility risks using short screening questions, and employ simple functional tests, when indicated, to evaluate patients for impairment in gait, muscle strength, flexibility, and balance. This review also provides general principles for initiating and conducting RT and provides general and specific examples of resistance training programs, which should be individualized for patients through the evaluation and guidance by appropriate health providers, physical therapists, and certified trainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard D'Onofrio
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Kirschner
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | - Heidi Prather
- Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, United States of America.
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26
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Feasibility and Reliability of Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents with Hearing Impairment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020353. [PMID: 36832482 PMCID: PMC9955734 DOI: 10.3390/children10020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Although research supports the feasibility and reliability of health-related physical fitness (HRPF) tests in typically developing children and adolescents, little is known regarding the feasibility and reliability of these tests for those with hearing impairments (HI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a HRPF test battery for children and adolescents with HI. A test-retest design with a one-week interval was conducted with 26 participants with HI (mean age: 12.7 ± 2.8 years; 9 male). The feasibility and reliability of seven field-based HRPF tests (i.e., body mass index, grip strength, standing long jump, vital capacity, long distance run, sit-and-reach, one leg stand) were evaluated. All the tests showed high feasibility (completion rate > 90%). Six tests indicated good to excellent test-retest reliability (all intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.75) while the one leg stand test showed poor reliability (ICC = 0.36). Relatively large percentages of standard error of measurement (SEM%) and minimal detectable change (MDC%) were observed in the sit-and-reach test (SEM% = 52.4%, MDC% = 145.2%) and one leg stand test (SEM% = 107.9%, MDC% = 299.2%), whereas the rest of the tests demonstrated reasonable SEM% and MDC% values. Collectively, most of the tests can be feasibly and reliably used to assess HRPF for children and adolescents with HI.
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27
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Kasović M, Sagat P, Kalčik Z, Štefan L, Hubinák A, Krška P. Allometric normalization of handgrip strength in older adults: Which body size parameter is the most appropriate? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:18. [PMID: 36755305 PMCID: PMC9907875 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although absolute handgrip strength has been associated with health-related outcomes in older adults, little evidence has been provided regarding its adjustment by a variety of body size dimensions. Therefore, the main purpose of the study was to establish the most appropriate normalization of handgrip strength by different body size parameters in a large sample of noninstitutionalized older adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 643 men and women aged > 60, who were part of the rehabilitation center facility program. Handgrip strength was objectively measured using a Jamar Plus* + Digital Hand Dynamometer. Body size parameters included body weight and height, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass and fat-free mass. The most appropriate parameter associated with handgrip strength was identified using allometry. RESULTS Findings showed that the most appropriate body size parameter for handgrip strength normalization was height (allometric exponent: 0.85), compared to fat-free mass (0.26) and body mass (0.12). Other body size variables were not significantly associated with handgrip strength and were omitted from further analyses. The correlations between normalized handgrip strength were significant when handgrip strength was normalized by body mass and fat-free mass, while no significant correlations were found, when handgrip strength was normalized by body height. CONCLUSION Based on the study results, body height seems to be the best body size parameter for handgrip strength normalization in older adults, omitting the influence of body size on strength performance. If handgrip strength is measured, body height may help normalize strength for large-scale research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kasović
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.10267.320000 0001 2194 0956Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sagat
- grid.443351.40000 0004 0367 6372Albert Einstein, Bc., Prince Sultan University, Sport Sciences and Diagnostics Research Group, GSD-HPE Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lovro Štefan
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Horvaćanski zavoj 15, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Physical Activities and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Recruitment and Examination (RECETOX), Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrej Hubinák
- grid.445184.80000 0004 0400 2732Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krška
- grid.445184.80000 0004 0400 2732Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Ružomberok, Slovakia
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28
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Lavie CJ, Sharma A, Soto JT. Is There an Obesity Paradox in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement? JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:90-92. [PMID: 36873750 PMCID: PMC9982208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Structural Heart Disease Program, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jose Tafur Soto
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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29
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Busnatu ȘS, Andronic O, Pană MA, Stoian AP, Scafa-Udriște A, Păun N, Stanciu S. Oral Arginine Supplementation in Healthy Individuals Performing Regular Resistance Training. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020182. [PMID: 36673550 PMCID: PMC9891176 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training is well documented as having cardiovascular benefits, but paradoxically, it seems to increase arterial stiffness, favoring the development of high blood pressure. The present study investigates the potential effects of oral supplementation with arginine in healthy individuals performing exercise resistance training. We studied 70 non-smoking male subjects between the ages of 30 and 45 with normal or mildly increased blood pressure on ambulatory monitoring (for 24 h) and normal blood samples and echocardiography, who performed regular resistance exercise training for at least five years with a minimum of three workouts per week. They were divided into two groups in a random manner: 35 males were placed in the arginine group (AG) that followed a 6-month supplementation of their regular diets with 5 g of oral arginine powder taken before their exercise workout, and the control (non-arginine) group (NAG) consisted of 35 males. All subjects underwent body composition analysis, 24 h blood pressure monitoring and pulse wave analysis at enrollment and at six months. After six months of supplementation, blood pressure values did not change in the NAG, while in the AG, we found a decrease of 5.6 mmHg (p < 0.05) in mean systolic blood pressure and a decrease of 4.5 mmHg (p < 0.05) in diastolic values. There was also a 0.62% increase in muscle mass in the AG vs. the NAG (p < 0.05), while the body fat decreased by 1% (p < 0.05 in AG vs. NAG). Overall, the AG gained twice the amount of muscle mass and lost twice as much body fat as the NAG. No effects on the mean weighted average heart rate were recorded in the subjects. The results suggest that oral supplementation with arginine can improve blood pressure and body composition, potentially counteracting the stress induced by resistance exercise training. Supplementation with arginine can be a suitable adjuvant for these health benefits in individuals undertaking regular resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Andronic
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Pană
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriște
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Păun
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Theodor Burghele Clinical Hospital, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Stanciu
- Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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30
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Khadanga S, Barrett K, Sheahan KH, Savage PD. Novel Therapeutics for Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Heart Failure: A REVIEW AND PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARDIAC REHABILITATION. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2023; 43:1-7. [PMID: 36576423 PMCID: PMC9801223 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has evolved over time not only to improve cardiorespiratory fitness through exercise but also to promote lifestyle-related behaviors to manage cardiovascular disease risk factors. Given the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure, CR serves as an ideal setting to monitor and, when indicated, intervene to ensure that individuals are optimally treated. PURPOSE The objective of this report was to review current antihyperglycemic agents and discuss the role for these medications in the care and treatment of individuals participating in CR. CONCLUSION There is strong evidence that the benefits provided by some antihyperglycemic medications go beyond glycemic control to include general cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Health care professionals in CR should be aware of the cardiovascular benefits of newer antihyperglycemic agents, as well as the treatment approach to patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrie Khadanga
- Divisions of Cardiology (Dr Khadanga and Mr Savage) and Endocrinology (Drs Barrett and Sheahan), Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; and University of Vermont Medical Center Cardiac Rehabilitation, Burlington (Dr Khadanga and Mr Savage)
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Prola A, Pilot-Storck F. Cardiolipin Alterations during Obesity: Exploring Therapeutic Opportunities. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1638. [PMID: 36358339 PMCID: PMC9687765 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a specific phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane that participates in many aspects of its organization and function, hence promoting proper mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we review recent data that have investigated alterations of cardiolipin in different tissues in the context of obesity and the related metabolic syndrome. Data relating perturbations of cardiolipin content or composition are accumulating and suggest their involvement in mitochondrial dysfunction in tissues from obese patients. Conversely, cardiolipin modulation is a promising field of investigation in a search for strategies for obesity management. Several ways to restore cardiolipin content, composition or integrity are emerging and may contribute to the improvement of mitochondrial function in tissues facing excessive fat storage. Inversely, reduction of mitochondrial efficiency in a controlled way may increase energy expenditure and help fight against obesity and in this perspective, several options aim at targeting cardiolipin to achieve a mild reduction of mitochondrial coupling. Far from being just a victim of the deleterious consequences of obesity, cardiolipin may ultimately prove to be a possible weapon to fight against obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Prola
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Pilot-Storck
- Team Relaix, INSERM, IMRB, Université Paris-Est Créteil, F-94010 Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Bohmke NJ, Billingsley HE, Kirkman DL, Carbone S. Nonpharmacological Strategies in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Cardiol Clin 2022; 40:491-506. [PMID: 36210133 PMCID: PMC10280381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) suffer from a high rate of cardiometabolic comorbidities with limited pharmaceutical therapies proven to improve clinical outcomes and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Nonpharmacologic therapies, such as exercise training and dietary interventions, are promising strategies for this population. The aim of this narrative review is to present a summary of the literature published to date and future directions related to the efficacy of nonpharmacologic, lifestyle-related therapies in HFpEF, with a focus on exercise training and dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Bohmke
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 500 Academic Centre, Room 113C 1020 W Grace Street, Richmond, VA 23220, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 6th Floor, North Wing Box, 980036 Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hayley E Billingsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 500 Academic Centre, Room 113C 1020 W Grace Street, Richmond, VA 23220, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 6th Floor, North Wing Box, 980036 Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 500 Academic Centre, Room 113C 1020 W Grace Street, Richmond, VA 23220, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 6th Floor, North Wing Box, 980036 Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, 500 Academic Centre, Room 113C 1020 W Grace Street, Richmond, VA 23220, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, West Hospital 6th Floor, North Wing Box, 980036 Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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From the Editor. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:387-388. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Billingsley HE, Del Buono MG, Canada JM, Kim Y, Damonte JI, Trankle CR, Halasz G, Mihalick V, Vecchié A, Markley RR, Kadariya D, Bressi E, De Chazal HM, Chiabrando JG, Mbualungu J, Turlington J, Arena R, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A, Carbone S. Sarcopenic Obesity Is Associated With Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness Compared With Nonsarcopenic Obesity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009518. [PMID: 36098058 PMCID: PMC9588574 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.009518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia impairs cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Obesity has also been shown to impair CRF; however, the effects of sarcopenia on CRF in patients with obesity and HFrEF are unknown. The aim of this analysis was to examine differences in CRF between patients with sarcopenic obesity (SO) and non-SO (NSO) with HFrEF. We also assessed associations between skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and CRF. METHODS Forty patients with HFrEF and obesity underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to collect measures of CRF including peak oxygen consumption (VO2), circulatory power, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, O2 pulse, and exercise time. Body composition was performed in all patients using bioelectrical impedance analysis to quantify fat mass index and divide patients into SO and NSO based on SMMI cutoffs. Results are presented as mean (SD) or median [interquartile range] as appropriate. RESULTS Nearly half (43% [n=17]) of patients had SO. Patients with SO had a lower SMMI than those with NSO, and no differences in fat mass index were observed between groups. Those with SO achieved a lower absolute peak VO2 (NSO, 1.62±0.53 L·min-1 versus SO, 1.27±0.44 L·min-1, P=0.035), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (NSO, 1.92±0.59 versus SO, 1.54±0.48, P=0.036), and exercise time (NSO, 549±198 seconds versus SO, 413±140 seconds, P=0.021) compared to those with NSO. On multivariate analysis, SMMI remained a significant predictor of absolute peak VO2 when adjusted for age, sex, adiposity, and HF severity. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HFrEF and obesity, sarcopenia, defined as low SMMI, is associated with a clinically significant reduction in CRF, independent of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Billingsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Justin M. Canada
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Juan Ignacio Damonte
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cory R. Trankle
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Geza Halasz
- Cardiac Unit, G. da Saliceto Hospital, AUSL Piacenza and University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Virginia Mihalick
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Alessandra Vecchié
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Internal Medicine, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Dinesh Kadariya
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Edoardo Bressi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Cardiology Department, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Horacio Medina De Chazal
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Guido Chiabrando
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - James Mbualungu
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Jeremy Turlington
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Ross Arena
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL – PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Kowalczys A, Bohdan M, Wilkowska A, Pawłowska I, Pawłowski L, Janowiak P, Jassem E, Lelonek M, Gruchała M, Sobański P. Comprehensive care for people living with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—Integration of palliative care with disease-specific care: From guidelines to practice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:895495. [PMID: 36237915 PMCID: PMC9551106 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.895495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading global epidemiological, clinical, social, and economic burden. Due to similar risk factors and overlapping pathophysiological pathways, the coexistence of these two diseases is common. People with severe COPD and advanced chronic HF (CHF) develop similar symptoms that aggravate if evoking mechanisms overlap. The coexistence of COPD and CHF limits the quality of life (QoL) and worsens symptom burden and mortality, more than if only one of them is present. Both conditions progress despite optimal, guidelines directed treatment, frequently exacerbate, and have a similar or worse prognosis in comparison with many malignant diseases. Palliative care (PC) is effective in QoL improvement of people with CHF and COPD and may be a valuable addition to standard treatment. The current guidelines for the management of HF and COPD emphasize the importance of early integration of PC parallel to disease-modifying therapies in people with advanced forms of both conditions. The number of patients with HF and COPD requiring PC is high and will grow in future decades necessitating further attention to research and knowledge translation in this field of practice. Care pathways for people living with concomitant HF and COPD have not been published so far. It can be hypothesized that overlapping of symptoms and similarity in disease trajectories allow to draw a model of care which will address symptoms and problems caused by either condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalczys
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
- *Correspondence: Anna Kowalczys,
| | - Michał Bohdan
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alina Wilkowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Iga Pawłowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Leszek Pawłowski
- Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Piotr Janowiak
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Pomeranian, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lelonek
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Gruchała
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobański
- Palliative Care Unit and Competence Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Schwyz Hospital, Schwyz, Switzerland
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Lin GM, Tsai KZ, Chang YC, Huang WC, Sui X, Lavie CJ. Muscular Strength and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Physically Fit Young Adults: The CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185462. [PMID: 36143108 PMCID: PMC9501352 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Greater muscular strength (MusS) has been found to have an inverse association with subclinical atherosclerosis in children, as well as with mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. However, the association of the degree of MusS with atherosclerosis may differ by sex and has not been clarified in young adults. Methods and Results: A total of 1021 Taiwanese military personnel, aged 18−40 years, participated in annual health examinations in 2018−2020. MusS was separately assessed by 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up numbers. Subclinical atherosclerosis was measured by the left carotid bulb intima−media thickness (cIMT) using high-resolution ultrasonography. Multiple linear regression with adjustments for age, sex, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and lipid profiles was utilized to determine the correlation between MusS and cIMT. Both 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up numbers were inversely correlated with cIMT (standardized β: −0.089 and −0.072, respectively; both p-values < 0.05). In men, both 2-min push-up and 2-min sit-up numbers were inversely correlated with cIMT (standardized β: −0.076 and −0.086, respectively; both p-values < 0.05), while in women, 2-min push-up numbers but not 2-min sit-up numbers were inversely correlated with cIMT (standardized β: −0.204 and −0.01; p = 0.03 and 0.99, respectively). Conclusions: Among young adults, there was an inverse association between MusS and cIMT, emphasizing the beneficial impact of MusS on the regression of atherosclerosis. The study also revealed a sex difference and suggested that training of the upper arm muscles may be an effective preventive measure for young women to reduce the risk of early cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City 970, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-38-260-601 (ext. 815920)
| | - Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien City 970, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Yangming Campus, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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Resistance Training in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease, Heart Failure, and Valvular Heart Disease: A REVIEW WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON OLD AGE, FRAILTY, AND PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:304-315. [PMID: 36044760 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current guidelines recommend individually adapted resistance training (RT) as a part of the exercise regime in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review was to provide insights into current knowledge and understanding of how useful, feasible, safe, and effective RT is in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), and valvular heart disease (VHD), with particular emphasis on the role of RT in elderly and/or frail patients. REVIEW METHODS A review based on an intensive literature search: systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in 2010 or later; recent studies not integrated into meta-analyses or systematic reviews; additional manual searches. SUMMARY The results highlight the evaluation of effects and safety of RT in patients with CAD and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in numerous meta-analyses. In contrast, few studies have focused on RT in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or VHD. Furthermore, few studies have addressed the feasibility and impact of RT in elderly cardiac patients, and data on the efficacy and safety of RT in frail elderly patients are limited. The review results underscore the high prevalence of age-related sarcopenia, disease-related skeletal muscle deconditioning, physical limitations, and frailty in older patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). They underline the need for individually tailored exercise concepts, including RT, aimed at improving functional status, mobility, physical performance and muscle strength in older patients. Furthermore, the importance of the use of assessment tools to diagnose frailty, mobility/functional capacity, and physical performance in the elderly admitted to cardiac rehabilitation is emphasized.
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Cuenca-Garcia M, Marin-Jimenez N, Perez-Bey A, Sánchez-Oliva D, Camiletti-Moiron D, Alvarez-Gallardo IC, Ortega FB, Castro-Piñero J. Reliability of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:1961-1979. [PMID: 35064915 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical fitness is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality, and is therefore a useful indicator for public health monitoring. To assess physical fitness, field-based tests are time-efficient, inexpensive, have minimal equipment requirements, and can be easily administered to a large number of individuals. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to examine the reliability of existing field-based fitness tests used in adults aged 19-64 years. METHODS A systematic search of two electronic databases (MEDLINE and Web of Science) was conducted from inception to 8 June 2021 by two independent researchers. Each study was classified as high, low, or very low quality according to the description of the participants, the time interval between measurements, the description of the results, and the appropriateness of statistics. Three levels of evidence (strong, moderate, and limited) were established according to the number of studies and the consistency of their findings. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO reference number, CRD42019118480). RESULTS Of 17,010 records identified, 129 original studies examining the reliability of field-based fitness tests in adults were considered eligible. The reliability was assessed of tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (33 studies: 30 of high quality), musculoskeletal fitness (92 studies: 78 of high quality), and motor fitness (22 studies, all of high quality). There was strong evidence indicating: (i) the high reliability of the cardiorespiratory fitness tests: 20-m shuttle run, 6-min step, and 6-min walk; (ii) the high reliability of the musculoskeletal fitness tests: handgrip strength, back-leg strength, Sorensen, trunk flexion sustained, 5-reps sit-to-stand, sit-and-reach and toe-touch, and moderate reliability bilateral side bridge and prone bridge tests; and (iii) the moderate reliability and low reliability, respectively, of the motor fitness tests T-test and single-leg stand. We found moderate evidence indicating the moderate or high reliability of the following tests: Chester, sit-up, partial curl-up, flexion-rotation trunk, timed stair ascent, pull-up, bent-arm hang, standing broad jump, hop sequence, trunk lift, timed-up-and-go, and hexagon agility. Evidence for the reliability of balance and gait speed tests was inconclusive. Other field-based fitness tests demonstrated limited evidence, mainly due to there being only few studies. CONCLUSIONS This review provides an evidence-based proposal of the more reliable field-based fitness tests for adults aged 19-64 years. Our findings identified a need for more high-quality studies designed to assess the reliability of field-based tests of lower and upper body explosive and endurance muscular strength, and motor fitness (i.e., balance and gait speed tests) in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Nuria Marin-Jimenez
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Oliva
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
- ACAFYDE Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moiron
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada C Alvarez-Gallardo
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Avenida República Saharaui S/N, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cadiz, Spain
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Kanic V, Frank B, Sokolovic I, Glavnik N, Penko M. Fat-Free Mass and Body Fat in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Am J Cardiol 2022; 176:8-14. [PMID: 35618543 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There are no data on the effects of fat-free mass (FFM) and body fat (BF) on prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated the effects of FFM and BF (which were estimated using formulas rather than direct measurements) on 30-day and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with MI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. We analyzed data from 6,453 patients with MI. The patients were divided into 2 categories (high/low) according to the fat-free mass index (FFMI) and 2 categories (low/high) according to the BF. The resultant 4 patient groups: HighFFMI-LowBF, HighFFMI-HighBF, LowFFMI-LowBF, and LowFFMI-HighBF, were compared. The lowest crude mortality after 30 days and in the long term was observed in the HighFFMI-LowBF group (3.0%,9.8%, respectively), followed by the HighFFMI-HighBF group (6.6%, 27.0%, respectively), the LowFFMI-LowBF group (10.4%, 36.0%, respectively), and the LowFFMI-HighBF group (14.7%, 56.8%, respectively). The difference was significant (p <0.0001), as was the difference between groups. After adjustment, the FFMI-BF groups independently predicted 30-day mortality (p = 0.003), but the risk was similar in all groups. Compared with the HighFFMI-LowBF group, the long-term mortality risk was similar in the HighFFMI-HighBF group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84 to 1.47, p = 0.47), but the LowFFMI-LowBF and LowFFMI-HighBF patients had a higher risk (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.11, p = 0.001, HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.91, p = 0.033, respectively). Body composition predicted mortality better than body mass index in patients with MI. Mortality appeared to be inversely related to FFM, with patients with low FFM and low BF having a particularly high mortality risk. The body composition groups also confirmed the obesity paradox.
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Exercise Training Programs Improve Cardiorespiratory and Functional Fitness in Adults With Asthma: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:423-433. [PMID: 35703265 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review aimed to identify the characteristics and determine the effects of exercise interventions on improving health-related physical fitness in adults with asthma. REVIEW METHODS A systematic search was completed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus for peer-reviewed publications of experimental studies that investigated the effects of an exercise training intervention on performance-based health-related physical fitness outcomes in adults with asthma. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion according to predetermined criteria and performed data extraction and quality assessment of included studies. SUMMARY Forty-five articles were included, in which results for 39 unique studies were reported. Subjects (n = 2135) were aged 22 ± 4 to 71 ± 11 yr with mild-severe asthma. Most exercise programs used aerobic exercise, either alone or in combination with resistance or breathing/stretching exercises. The most common exercise program characteristics were supervised moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise performed for 30-45 min 3 d/wk. Meta-analyses revealed significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙o2peak: unstandardized mean difference [MD] 3.1 mL/kg/min, 95% CI, 1.9-4.3), functional fitness (walking distance: MD 41 m, 95% CI, 27-54), and overall health-related physical fitness (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.67, 95% CI, 0.46-0.89) in favor of groups who underwent experimental exercise training interventions. Aerobic exercise elicited superior improvements in health-related physical fitness compared with breathing/stretching exercise (SMD 0.47, 95% CI, 0.14-0.81).Supervised exercise training programs, particularly those aerobic in nature, are effective in eliciting clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory and functional fitness in adults with asthma.PROSPERO registration ID number = CRD42018092828.
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The Benefits of Physical Activity for People with Obesity, Independent of Weight Loss: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094981. [PMID: 35564376 PMCID: PMC9102424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purposeful weight loss continues to be the primary focus for treating obesity. However, this strategy appears to be inadequate as obesity rates continue to rise and a myriad of benefits of physical activity that affect multiple health outcomes related to obesity and associated comorbidities are not integrated into treatment strategies. There are emerging correlational data in individuals with obesity that demonstrate physical activity can be beneficial to many critical health markers, independent of weight loss or changes in BMI. This systematic review investigates interventional studies that examine health markers, independent of weight loss, in individuals with obesity. Fourteen studies were identified that utilized a variety of physical activity interventions with primary endpoints that included cellular, metabolic, systemic and brain health outcomes. The review of the literature demonstrates that for individuals with obesity, there are both small-scale and large-scale physiologic benefits that occur with increased physical activity of various modalities. Focusing on these benefits, rather than a narrow focus of weight loss alone, may increase physical activity behavior and health for individuals with obesity.
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Xu J. SPORTS IMPROVE THE INDEXES CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228022021_0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular function is one of the main factors affecting health. The influence of different exercise intensities on cardiovascular function needs further research. Objective: To study the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Method: The article conducted a follow-up survey of 1,564 older adults. Elders who practice sports and those who do not went through the hemodynamic index test, which analyzed the relevant effects of physical exercise on their cardiovascular function. Results: Older adults who exercise regularly show good adaptability to exercise. Conclusion: Physical exercise can promote the function of the cardiovascular system. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Changzhou College of Information Technology, China
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Working Toward Optimal Exercise Prescription: Strength Training Should Not Be Overlooked. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:E32-E33. [PMID: 35213873 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in males and females in the United States and globally. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended by the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology for secondary prevention for patients with cardiovascular disease. CR participation is associated with improved cardiovascular disease risk factor management, quality of life, and exercise capacity as well as reductions in hospital admissions and mortality. Despite these advantageous clinical outcomes, significant sex disparities exist in outpatient phase II CR programming. This article reviews sex differences that are present in the spectrum of care provided by outpatient phase II CR programming (ie, from referral to clinical management). We first review CR participation by detailing the sex disparities in the rates of CR referral, enrollment, and completion. In doing so, we discuss patient, health care provider, and social/environmental level barriers to CR participation with a particular emphasis on those barriers that majorly impact females. We also evaluate sex differences in the core components incorporated into CR programming (eg, patient assessment, exercise training, hypertension management). Next, we review strategies to mitigate these sex differences in CR participation with a focus on automatic CR referral, female-only CR programming, and hybrid CR. Finally, we outline knowledge gaps and areas of future research to minimize and prevent sex differences in CR programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Randal J. Thomas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Shane M. Hammer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Thomas P. Olson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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de Lima TR, González-Chica DA, Franco Moreno YM, Santos Silva DA. The independent and joint associations between muscle strength, health variables and cardiovascular disease among adults. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:38-46. [PMID: 33305683 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1862633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the independent and joint association between muscle strength and health variables according to individual health status among adults. METHODS Cross-sectional population-based study comprising 643 adults (39.6 ± 11.1 years, 44.9% men) from Florianópolis, Southern Brazil. Muscle strength was assessed by handgrip strength. Health variables included were systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (CHOL), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Participants were grouped into three health status categories: 1) healthy (without CVD and risk for CVD); 2) at risk for CVD (obesity, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia); 3) with CVD. Multiple linear regression adjusted for confounding factors was used. RESULTS Muscle strength was inversely associated with IMT (β = -0.02, SE: 0.03), CHOL (β = -0.14, SE: 0.02) and HbA1c (β = -0.01, SE: 0.10), and directly associated with SBP (β = 0.16, SE: 0.06) and WC (β = 0.02, SE: 0.03). Among adults with CVD, muscle strength was inversely associated with IMT (p < 0.05). Higher muscle strength was directly associated with SBP among healthy adults (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The main finding of the present study indicated that among individuals with CVD, muscle strength was associated with lower IMT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - David Alejandro González-Chica
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Rural Clinical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Graham HL, Benton MJ. Comparison of Lean Mass in Women With and Without Heart Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2022; 42:34-38. [PMID: 34793365 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This proof-of-concept study compared lean mass (LM) between women with heart disease (HD) and without HD. METHODS Fifty-six community-dwelling women were pair-matched by age. Heart disease was defined using criteria from the US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Body composition was measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Relative LM was calculated against height (kg/m2) as the lean mass index (LMI). Sarcopenia was defined as an LMI <15.0 kg/m2. Strength was measured with a handgrip dynamometer, arm curl test, and chair stand test. RESULTS Those with HD had significantly less absolute (38.2 ± 0.8 vs 43.5 ± 1.0 kg; P < .001) and relative (15.3 ± 0.3 vs 16.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, P = .015) LM compared with those without HD. Body mass was significantly greater for those without HD (76.1 ± 2.1 vs 68.4 ± 2.1 kg; P = .013) and there were no differences in fat mass. Upper body strength was significantly less and lower body strength was diminished but not significantly different in those with HD compared to those without HD (handgrip: P = .016; arm curl: P < .001; chair stand: P = .066). CONCLUSIONS In this group of community-dwelling women, those who reported a diagnosis of HD had significantly less LM than those without HD. Although neither group was classified as sarcopenic, women with HD were at greater risk due to lower relative LM. Based on our findings, during cardiac rehabilitation clinicians should counsel women regarding resistance exercise for maintenance of LM in addition to strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Graham
- Helen and Arthur E. Johnson Beth-El College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs
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Abstract
Lean mass abnormalities are highly prevalent in patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). As such, current guidelines recommend incorporating resistance exercise (RE) into the exercise prescription of Phase II-IV CR. The effects of RE on health-related outcomes in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) have not been extensively investigated in comparison to aerobic exercise, the traditional modality of exercise implemented in CR. The purpose of this review is to highlight the growing prevalence of lean mass abnormalities such as dynapenia and sarcopenia in CVD and briefly outline the contributing pathophysiology of these impairments as potential targets for RE training. An update on the current evidence pertaining to the effects of RE on exercise capacity, skeletal muscle strength, body composition, CV health, and quality of life in CR patient populations is provided. The current recommendations for RE training in CR are discussed. Future directions for research and clinical practice in this field are highlighted, and included the need to identify the most efficacious principles of resistance training for different health related outcomes in CVD, as well as the suggested drive towards a 'personalized medicine' approach to exercise prescription in CR.
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Smith BE, Peterman JE, Harber MP, Imboden MT, Fleenor BS, Kaminsky LA, Whaley MH. Change in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Exercise Training - The Ball State Adult Fitness Longitudinal Lifestyle Study (BALL ST). Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1553-1562. [PMID: 35619799 PMCID: PMC9129263 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s352490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate how the changes in directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) relate to the changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status following 4-6 months of exercise training. METHODS Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) tests and MetS risk factors were analyzed prospectively from 336 adults (46% women) aged 45.8 ± 10.9 years. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, as updated by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI). Pearson correlations, chi-squares, and dependent 2-tail t-tests were used to assess the relationship between the change in CRF and the change in MetS risk factors, overall number of MetS risk factors, and a MetS severity score following 4-6 months of participation in a self-referred, community-based exercise program. RESULTS Overall prevalence of MetS decreased from 23% to 14% following the exercise program (P < 0.05), while CRF improved 15% (4.7 ± 8.4 mL/kg/min, P < 0.05). Following exercise training, the number of positive risk factors declined from 1.4 ± 1.3 to 1.2 ± 1.2 in the overall cohort (P < 0.05). The change in CRF was inversely related to the change in the overall number of MetS risk factors (r = -0.22; P < 0.05) and the MetS severity score (r = -0.28; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This observational cohort study indicates an inverse relationship between the change in CRF and the change in MetS severity following exercise training. These results suggest that participation in a community-based exercise program yields significant improvements in CRF, MetS risk factors, the prevalence of the binary MetS, and the MetS severity score. Improvement in CRF through exercise training should be a primary prevention strategy for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E Smith
- Exercise Science and Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - James E Peterman
- Fisher Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Matthew P Harber
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Mary T Imboden
- Department of Exercise Science, George Fox University, Portland, OR, 97132, USA
| | - Bradley S Fleenor
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- Fisher Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Mitchell H Whaley
- School of Kinesiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
- Correspondence: Mitchell H Whaley, Email
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Chen MS, Chiu CH, Chen SH. Risk assessment of metabolic syndrome prevalence involving sedentary occupations and socioeconomic status. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042802. [PMID: 34903529 PMCID: PMC8671945 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether occupation type, distinguished by socioeconomic status (SES) and sedentary status, is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk. METHODS We analysed two data sets covering 73 506 individuals. MetS was identified according to the criteria of the modified Adult Treatment Panel III. Eight occupational categories were considered: professionals, technical workers, managers, salespeople, service staff, administrative staff, manual labourers and taxi drivers; occupations were grouped into non-sedentary; sedentary, high-SES; and sedentary, non-high-SES occupations. A multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant risk factors for MetS in three age-stratified subgroups. R software for Windows (V.3.5.1) was used for all statistical analyses. RESULTS MetS prevalence increased with age. Among participants aged ≤40 years, where MetS prevalence was low at 6.23%, having a non-sedentary occupation reduced MetS risk (OR=0.88, p<0.0295). Among participants aged >60 years, having a sedentary, high-SES occupation significantly increased (OR=1.39, p<0.0247) MetS risk. CONCLUSIONS The influence of occupation type on MetS risk differs among age groups. Non-sedentary occupations and sedentary, high-SES occupations decrease and increase MetS risk, respectively, among younger and older adults, respectively. Authorities should focus on individuals in sedentary, high-SES occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shu Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hao Chiu
- Medical Affair, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Guimarães GV, Ribeiro F, Castro RE, Roque JM, Machado ADT, Antunes-Correa LM, Ferreira SA, Bocchi EA. Effects of the exercise training on skeletal muscle oxygen consumption in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2021; 343:73-79. [PMID: 34506822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a systemic consequence of heart failure (HF) that correlates with functional capacity. However, the impairment within the skeletal muscle is not well established. We investigated the effect of exercise training on peripheral muscular performance and oxygenation in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS HF patients with ejection fraction ≤40% were randomized 2:1 to exercise training or control for 12 weeks. Muscle tissue oxygen was measured noninvasively by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during rest and a symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) before and after intervention. Measurements included skeletal muscle oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration, total hemoglobin concentration, VO2 peak, VE/VCO2 slope, and heart rate. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity by microneurography, and muscle blood flow by plethysmography were also assessed at rest pre and post 12 weeks. Twenty-four participants (47.5 ± 7.4 years, 58% men, 75% no ischemic) were allocated to exercise training (ET, n = 16) or control (CG, n = 8). At baseline, no differences between groups were found. Exercise improved VO2 peak, slope VE/VCO2, and heart rate. After the intervention, significant improvements at rest were seen in the ET group in muscle sympathetic nerve activity and muscle blood flow. Concomitantly, a significant decreased in Oxy-Hb (from 29.4 ± 20.4 to 15.7 ± 9.0 μmol, p = 0.01), Deoxi-Hb (from 16.3 ± 8.2 to 12.2 ± 6.0 μmol, p = 0.003) and HbT (from 45.7 ± 27.6 to 27.7 ± 13.4 μmol, p = 0.008) was detected at peak exercise after training. No changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSION Exercise training improves skeletal muscle function and functional capacity in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction. This improvement was associated with increased oxygenation of the peripheral muscles, increased muscle blood flow, and decreased sympathetic nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- University of Aveiro, School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rafael Ertner Castro
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine, Heart Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean Marcelo Roque
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine, Heart Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Ayub Ferreira
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine, Heart Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine, Heart Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
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