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Effects of Aerobic Exercise on the Serum Leptin Level and Heart Rate Variability in the Obese Girl Children. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2298994. [PMID: 35720911 PMCID: PMC9205701 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2298994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study examined the effects of a 16-week aerobic exercise (AE) on the serum leptin level and heart rate variability (time domain and frequency domain) in the obese girl children and correlation coefficients of changes between the serum leptin level and heart rate variability after a 16-week AE intervention. Methods 36 participants were randomly assigned to either aerobic exercise (AE, n = 18) or obese group (n = 18). The obese girl children in the AE group conducted a 16-week (4 times per week and 60 min per time) exercise protocols, and the obese group did not perform regular physical training during 16 weeks of study. Then, the serum leptin level and HRV (time domain and frequency domain) were measured in all subjects before and after AE intervention. Results (1) After 16-week AE intervention, compared with pre-exercise, LF/HF decreased (P < 0.05), HF, SDNN, and RMSSD significantly increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference in LF (P > 0.05) in the AE group. Nevertheless, there was no significant change before and after the test in the serum leptin level and HRV of the obese group (P > 0.05, respectively). (2) After 16-week AE intervention, compared with the obese group, SDNN and HF significantly increased (P < 0.05, respectively), LF/HF significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the AE group, but there was no significant difference in RMSSD and LF between the obese group and AE group. (3) The reduction variables of the serum leptin level before and after the AE intervention are positively correlated with the reduction in the LF/HF (r = 0.478, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the increasing in the RMSSD (r = -0.482, P < 0.05). But there is no significant association between the reduction in the serum leptin level and the change of LF, HF, and SDNN (P > 0.05, respectively). Conclusion 16-week AE significantly reduced the serum leptin level and improved cardiac autonomic function in the obese girl children. Moreover, the reduction in the serum leptin level was associated with the increase in parasympathetic activation and improved sympathetic-vagus balance after AE intervention. More research is needed to see whether the effect of exercise on leptin levels in obese girl children can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.
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Zhu T, Chen M, Wang M, Wang Z, Wang S, Hu H, Ma K, Jiang H. Association between adiponectin-to-leptin ratio and heart rate variability in new-onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2021; 27:e12896. [PMID: 34599782 PMCID: PMC8916558 DOI: 10.1111/anec.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adiponectin‐to‐leptin (A/L) ratio has been identified as a potential surrogate biomarker for metabolic disorders. However, it remains unknown whether the serum A/L ratio is associated with heart rate variability in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods For this retrospective study, we included consecutive patients who underwent 24‐h long‐range electrocardiogram examination in our center for paroxysmal AF. The results of echocardiography, heart rate variability tests, and blood tests were also retrieved. Multivariate line regression analysis was performed to evaluate identify factors independently associated with heart rate variability. Results Among the 85 included patients with paroxysmal AF, the median A/L ratio was 1.71. Univariate analysis indicated that patients with a low A/L ratio (<1.71, n = 42) had a lower high‐frequency (HF) power and a higher hs‐CRP level, low‐frequency (LF) power, and LF/HF ratio than those with a high A/L ratio (≥1.71, n = 43). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the serum leptin concentration was independently and positively associated with LF (β = 0.175, p = .028), while the serum adiponectin concentration was independently and positively associated with HF (β = 0.321, p = .001). Moreover, the A/L ratio was independently and negatively associated with the LF/HF ratio (β = −0.276, p = .007). Conclusions The A/L ratio was independently and negatively associated with the LF/HF ratio in patients with new‐onset paroxysmal AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjian Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Mingxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songyun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Kezhong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ahiante BO, Smith W, Lammertyn L, Schutte AE. Leptin and the Retinal Microvasculature in Young Black and White Adults: The African-PREDICT Study. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 29:1823-1831. [PMID: 32622912 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a vasoactive peptide that has been linked to diseases associated with macrovascular deterioration. What is still uncertain is its involvement in the microvasculature. Since microvascular changes are presumed to precede macrovascular deterioration, we examined whether measures of the retinal microvasculature are associated with leptin in healthy, young Black and White individuals. METHOD We included 283 Black and 289 White men and women (aged 20-30 years). We determined serum leptin, calculated central retinal artery and vein equivalents and arterio-venous ratio. We also measured retinal vessel responses to light flicker provocation. RESULTS Black men were leaner and had lower leptin than White men, whereas Black women had increased adiposity and leptin compared to White women (all p<0.001). Black groups had narrower retinal arteries, and greater maximum arteriolar and venular dilations in response to light flicker than the White groups (p<0.001). Arterio-venous ratio associated negatively with leptin (all p≤0.044) in all groups (except Black women), but was lost upon adjustment for body mass index and other covariates. We found an inverse association between maximal venular dilation and leptin only in Black men in single and multiple regression analyses (Std β= -0.22; R2=0.05; p=0.035). No associations were found between other retinal measures with leptin in the other groups. CONCLUSION We found an independent, negative association between retinal vein dilation with leptin in healthy, young Black men, suggesting a potential detrimental role for leptin in regulating microvascular responses in a population group known to be at greater risk of cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wayne Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Leandi Lammertyn
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta Elisabeth Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
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Jain NB, Yadav A, Shankar N, Ahmed R. Correlation of C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 with Cardiac Autonomic Tone and Metabolic Parameters in Obesity. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e74250. [PMID: 31372167 PMCID: PMC6628617 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.74250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed at investigating the correlation of circulating levels of serum C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3) with cardiac autonomic functions and metabolic parameters in obesity. METHODS Thirty drug naïve subjects newly diagnosed with obesity and body mass index (BMI) 25 - 35 kg/m2 of both genders aged 19 - 40 years, with no associated comorbidity were recruited as cases. Same number of age, gender and socioeconomic status matched subjects with BMI 19 - 23 kg/m2 were taken as controls. Autonomic function test results including heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded in both groups. Serum metabolic parameters -CTRP3, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides were also determined and compared between the groups. RESULTS Significantly lower circulating levels of CTRP3 (P ≤ 0.001) and adiponectin (P = 0.025), and significantly higher mean of BMI (P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05), serum triglycerides (P < 0.001), insulin (P = 0.003), HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) (P < 0.001), and leptin (P = 0.043) were observed in the group with obesity compared to the controls. CTRP3 levels inversely correlated with serum triglyceride (r = -0.09, P < 0.001), atherogenic index (r = -0.37, P = 0.04), leptin (r = -0.39, P = 0.02), and positively with adiponectin (r = 0.42, P = 0.02) in the group with obesity. Significant reduction in the results of parasympathetic autonomic function tests (pNN50, RMSSD, excitation: inhibition (E:I) ratio, 30:15 ratio, and Valsalva ratio) and an increase in sympathovagal balance (low frequency to high frequency (LF:HF) ratio) was also observed (P < 0.05). CTRP3 levels were also positively correlated with parasympathetic indices (pNN50: r = 0.17, P < 0.05); 30:15 ratio: (r = 0.62, P < 0.01), and inversely correlated with LF: HF ratio (r = -0.35, P < 0.01) in the group with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating levels of CTRP3 promoted a favorable autonomic and metabolic profile in obesity. Hence, CTRP3 may be considered as a potential novel biomarker to facilitate the prognosis of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bindlish Jain
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Asha Yadav
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
- Corresponding Author: Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.
| | - Nilima Shankar
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Rafat Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Ahiante BO, Smith W, Lammertyn L, Schutte AE. Leptin and the vasculature in young adults: The African-PREDICT study. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13039. [PMID: 30347447 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Information regarding the effect of leptin on the vasculature in young healthy adults at risk for cardiovascular disease development is limited. We therefore examined the associations between measures of subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness, carotid cross-sectional wall area), large artery stiffness (pulse wave velocity) and a measure of endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor [vWF]) with leptin in young healthy men and women. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in South Africa involving 820 normotensive individuals (337 men and 483 women) aged 20-30 years, we measured carotid intima-media thickness, carotid cross-sectional wall area, pulse wave velocity, vWF from citrated plasma and leptin from serum. RESULTS Despite sevenfold higher leptin in women than men (P < 0.001), only in young healthy men, we observed negative, independent associations between measures of carotid wall thickness (carotid intima-media thickness: R2 = 0.05; β = -0.20; P = 0.036; carotid cross-sectional wall area: R2 = 0.05; β = -0.20; P = 0.035) with leptin in multivariable-adjusted regression analyses. When reviewing these associations across body mass index categories, we found an association to be evident only in overweight men (carotid intima-media thickness: R2 = 0.15; β = -0.41; P = 0.007; carotid cross-sectional wall area: R2 = 0.21; β = -0.47; P = 0.002). No association was observed in the women or between pulse wave velocity and vWF with leptin. CONCLUSION In young healthy men, we found a beneficial inverse association between measures of carotid wall thickness and circulating leptin, thereby supporting a potential vascular protective role of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing O Ahiante
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Wayne Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Leandi Lammertyn
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Van De Wielle R, Michels N. Longitudinal Associations of Leptin and Adiponectin with Heart Rate Variability in Children. Front Physiol 2017; 8:498. [PMID: 28747890 PMCID: PMC5506193 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For early prevention of cardiovascular disease, early detection and risk factor insights are necessary. The autonomic balance reflects cardiovascular risk and can be measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Therefore, our purpose is to examine associations between HRV and the energy-related biomarkers leptin and adiponectin in children. Participants of this study were Belgian children recruited for the longitudinal ChiBS study (year 2010-2012). HRV was measured and fasting blood samples were taken in 249 children at baseline (4.4-11.0 y) and 223 children at follow-up (6.7-12.2 y). Cross-sectional and longitudinal linear regression analyses were separated by sex and adjusted for age, socio-economic status, body fat%, negative emotions, puberty, and mean heart rate. Leptin was a negative cross-sectional and longitudinal predictor of parasympathetic activity in boys; while leptin in girls was cross-sectionally associated with higher LF and LF/HF suggesting sympathetic predominance. Adiponectin was a negative cross-sectional and longitudinal predictor of parasympathetic activity in boys; but when adjusting for mean heart rate, this effect disappeared and adiponectin was a positive cross-sectional and longitudinal predictor of parasympathetic activity in girls. These results stress the importance of considering sex differences and adjustment for heart rate in testing HRV predictors. Leptin seemed disadvantageous for the autonomic balance, while adiponectin seemed advantageous for the autonomic balance in girls only. More research is needed to see whether leptin and adiponectin are interesting in cardiovascular screening/prevention or in determining the cardiovascular gain during weight loss follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos Van De Wielle
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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Chen H, Luo M, Huang J, Xu H, Xie N, Zheng H. Leptin is associated with heart rate recovery in Chinese hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:241-245. [PMID: 28448190 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2016.1246560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum leptin concentrations are closely related to sympathetic nervous system activation in essential hypertension (EH); however, it is not clear whether or not they are associated with parasympathetic nervous system impairment in EH. Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a reproducible method used to assess parasympathetic activity. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum leptin and HRR in Chinese untreated EH patients. This was a cross-sectional study enrolling 471 Chinese EH patients (205 men, 266 women; mean age 63.1 years). HRR was calculated during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test. Simple and multiple regression analyses were used to assess the correlation between serum leptin level and HRR value. Serum leptin levels elevated with increasing BP values. Moreover, univariate analysis revealed that the HRR value was negatively correlated with serum leptin (r = -0.037, P < 0.01). In multiple regression analysis, the age-adjusted serum leptin level was negatively correlated with HRR (β = -0.268, P < 0.01). Serum leptin remained negatively associated with HRR (β = -0.017, P < 0.01) after further adjustments for factors including age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and several factors that correlated with HRR. Our findings demonstrated that a raised serum leptin concentration is related to HRR blunt, which suggests that the role of leptin in the development of EH might be associated with impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Chen
- a Cardiology Department , Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Ming Luo
- b Geriatrics Department , Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Junling Huang
- b Geriatrics Department , Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Huifeng Xu
- a Cardiology Department , Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Nanzi Xie
- b Geriatrics Department , Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Huan Zheng
- b Geriatrics Department , Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University , Shanghai , P.R. China
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Schutte AE, Botha S, Fourie CMT, Gafane-Matemane LF, Kruger R, Lammertyn L, Malan L, Mels CMC, Schutte R, Smith W, van Rooyen JM, Ware LJ, Huisman HW. Recent advances in understanding hypertension development in sub-Saharan Africa. J Hum Hypertens 2017; 31:491-500. [PMID: 28332510 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Consistent reports indicate that hypertension is a particularly common finding in black populations. Hypertension occurs at younger ages and is often more severe in terms of blood pressure levels and organ damage than in whites, resulting in a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This review provides an outline of recent advances in the pathophysiological understanding of blood pressure elevation and the consequences thereof in black populations in Africa. This is set against the backdrop of populations undergoing demanding and rapid demographic transition, where infection with the human immunodeficiency virus predominates, and where under and over-nutrition coexist. Collectively, recent findings from Africa illustrate an increased lifetime risk to hypertension from foetal life onwards. From young ages black populations display early endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular tone and reactivity, microvascular structural adaptions as well as increased aortic stiffness resulting in elevated central and brachial blood pressures during the day and night, when compared to whites. Together with knowledge on the contributions of sympathetic activation and abnormal renal sodium handling, these pathophysiological adaptations result in subclinical and clinical organ damage at younger ages. This overall enhanced understanding on the determinants of blood pressure elevation in blacks encourages (a) novel approaches to assess and manage hypertension in Africa better, (b) further scientific discovery to develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies and
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - S Botha
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C M T Fourie
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L F Gafane-Matemane
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - R Kruger
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L Lammertyn
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L Malan
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - C M C Mels
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - R Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Department of Medicine and Healthcare Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - W Smith
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - J M van Rooyen
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - L J Ware
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - H W Huisman
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Meyer ML, Gotman NM, Soliman EZ, Whitsel EA, Arens R, Cai J, Daviglus ML, Denes P, González HM, Moreiras J, Talavera GA, Heiss G. Association of glucose homeostasis measures with heart rate variability among Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:45. [PMID: 26983644 PMCID: PMC4793505 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of cardiac autonomic function, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Glucose homeostasis measures are associated with reduced cardiac autonomic function among those with diabetes, but inconsistent associations have been reported among those without diabetes. This study aimed to examine the association of glucose homeostasis measures with cardiac autonomic function among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes. METHODS The Hispanic community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; 2008-2011) used two-stage area probability sampling of households to enroll 16,415 self-identified Hispanics/Latinos aged 18-74 years from four USA communities. Resting, standard 12-lead electrocardiogram recordings were used to estimate the following ultrashort-term measures of HRV: RR interval (RR), standard deviation of all normal to normal RR (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences in RR intervals (RMSSD). Multivariable regression analysis was used to estimate associations between glucose homeostasis measures with HRV using data from 11,994 adults without diabetes (mean age 39 years; 52 % women). RESULTS Higher fasting glucose was associated with lower RR, SDNN, and RMSSD. Fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was negatively associated with RR, SDNN, and RMSSD, and the association was stronger among men compared with women. RMSSD was, on average, 26 % lower in men with higher fasting insulin and 29 % lower in men with lower insulin resistance; for women, the corresponding estimates were smaller at 4 and 9 %, respectively. Higher glycated hemoglobin was associated with lower RR, SDNN, and RMSSD in those with abdominal adiposity, defined by sex-specific cut-points for waist circumference, after adjusting for demographics and medication use. There were no associations between glycated hemoglobin and HRV measures among those without abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Impairment in glucose homeostasis was associated with lower HRV in Hispanic/Latino adults without diabetes, most prominently in men and individuals with abdominal adiposity. These results suggest that reduced cardiac autonomic function is associated with metabolic impairments before onset of overt diabetes in certain subgroups, offering clues for the pathophysiologic processes involved as well as opportunity for identification of those at high risk before autonomic control is manifestly impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Meyer
- />University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 E. Franklin St, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Nathan M. Gotman
- />University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 E. Franklin St, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | | | - Eric A. Whitsel
- />University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 E. Franklin St, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Raanan Arens
- />Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- />University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 E. Franklin St, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- />University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gerardo Heiss
- />University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 E. Franklin St, Suite 306, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
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Paleczny B, Siennicka A, Zacharski M, Jankowska EA, Ponikowska B, Ponikowski P. Increased body fat is associated with potentiation of blood pressure response to hypoxia in healthy men: relations with insulin and leptin. Clin Auton Res 2016; 26:107-16. [PMID: 26781642 PMCID: PMC4819928 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-015-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Increased peripheral chemosensitivity (PChS) has been proposed
as mechanism underlying obesity-related sympathoactivation, with insulin and/or leptin as possible mediators. However, human data on PChS in obesity are scarce. Therefore, we explored this issue in a sample of 41 healthy men aged 30–59 years, divided according to body fat percentage (fat %) into two groups: <25 and ≥25 %. Methods PChS was assessed using transient hypoxia method [respiratory (PChS-MV), heart rate (PChS-HR), and blood pressure (PChS-SBP) responses were calculated]. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS-Seq) was assessed using sequence method. Fasting plasma insulin and leptin levels were measured. Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess insulin sensitivity/resistance. Results Individuals with ≥25 % body fat demonstrated increased PChS-SBP (p < 0.01), but unchanged PChS-MV and PChS-HR (both p > 0.4). PChS-SBP was related positively with anthropometric characteristics (e.g. waist circumference, fat %), plasma insulin and HOMA (all p < 0.05), and negatively with BRS-Seq (p = 0.001), but not with plasma leptin (p = 0.27). Conclusions In healthy men, overweight/obesity is accompanied by augmented blood pressure response from peripheral chemoreceptors, while respiratory and heart rate responses remain unaltered. Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (but not hyperleptinaemia) are associated with augmented pressure response from chemoreceptors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10286-015-0338-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Paleczny
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Siennicka
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Zacharski
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.,Laboratory for Applied Research on Cardiovascular System, Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Ponikowska
- Department of Physiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Heart Diseases, 4th Military Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Kurajoh M, Koyama H, Kadoya M, Naka M, Miyoshi A, Kanzaki A, Kakutani-Hatayama M, Okazaki H, Shoji T, Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Emoto M, Inaba M, Namba M. Plasma leptin level is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: HSCAA study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:117. [PMID: 26338087 PMCID: PMC4560071 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been shown that visceral fat accumulation is associated with autonomic dysfunction, though the precise mechanism remains unclear. A recent basic study found that leptin can directly modulate autonomic function through the dorsomedial hypothalamus in relation to obesity. Here, we investigated the mutual relationships among plasma leptin, visceral fat accumulation, and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 diabetic patients, and 100 age- and gender-matched non-diabetic patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Plasma leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels, visceral fat area (VFA), and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined in addition to classical cardiovascular risk factors. Results In the type 2 diabetic patients, VFA was significantly (p < 0.05) and inversely associated with HRV parameters (SDNN: r = −0.243; SDANN5: r = −0.238), while the plasma level of leptin, but not soluble leptin receptor, was also significantly (p < 0.05) and inversely associated with HRV parameters (SDNN: r = −0.243; SDANN5: r = −0.231). Multiple regression analysis showed that plasma leptin was significantly associated with SDNN and SDANN5 independent of other factors, including age, gender, presence of hypertension and dyslipidemia, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and eGFR. Furthermore, the relationship of leptin with SDNN and SDANN5 (β = −0.279 and −0.254, respectively) remained significant (p < 0.05) after adjustment for VFA. In patients without diabetes, no significant associations were observed between leptin and any of the HRV parameters. Conclusions Hyperleptinemia may be involved in cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kurajoh
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Manabu Kadoya
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Mariko Naka
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Akio Miyoshi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Akinori Kanzaki
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Miki Kakutani-Hatayama
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Okazaki
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Takuhito Shoji
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Moriwaki
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyoshi Namba
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan.
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Pieterse C, Schutte R, Schutte AE. Leptin links with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in human obesity: the SABPA study. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:507-12. [PMID: 25740294 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease is well established. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to vascular disease and increased cardiovascular risk in the obese remain largely unexplored. Since leptin exerts direct vascular effects, we investigated leptin and the relationship thereof with circulating markers of vascular damage, namely plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1(ag)), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF(ag)) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). The study included a bi-ethnic population of 409 African and Caucasian teachers who were stratified into lean (<0.5) and obese (⩾0.5) groups according to waist-to-height ratio. We obtained ambulatory blood pressure measurements and determined serum leptin levels, PAI-1(ag), vWF(ag) and ACR, as markers of vascular damage. The obese group had higher leptin (P<0.001) and PAI-1(ag) (P<0.001) levels and a tendency existed for higher vWF(ag) (P=0.068). ACR did not differ between the two groups (P=0.21). In single regression analyses positive associations existed between leptin and all markers of vascular damage (all P<0.001) only in the obese group. After adjusting for covariates and confounders in multiple regression analyses, only the association between leptin and PAI-1(ag) remained (R(2)=0.440; β=0.293; P=0.0021). After adjusting for gender, ethnicity and age, additional analyses indicated that leptin also associated with fibrinogen and clot lysis time in both lean and obese groups, which in turn is associated with 24- h blood pressure and pulse pressure. This result provides evidence that elevated circulating leptin may directly contribute to vascular damage, possibly through mechanism related to thrombotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiné Pieterse
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rudolph Schutte
- 1] Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa [2] MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease; North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- 1] Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa [2] MRC Research Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease; North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Charles LE, Burchfiel CM, Sarkisian K, Li S, Miller DB, Gu JK, Fekedulegn D, Violanti JM, Andrew ME. Leptin, adiponectin, and heart rate variability among police officers. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:184-91. [PMID: 25270126 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Police officers have a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is known to increase CVD risk. Leptin and adiponectin may be related to CVD health. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the relationship between these variables and HRV. METHODS Leptin and adiponectin levels were measured in 388 officers from the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress study. HRV was assessed according to methods published by the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology for measurement and analysis of HRV. Mean values of high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) HRV were compared across tertiles of leptin and adiponectin using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance; trends were assessed using linear regression models. RESULTS Leptin, but not adiponectin, was significantly and inversely associated with HRV. Body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat significantly modified the association between leptin and LF (but not HF) HRV. Among officers with BMI < 25 kg/m(2) , leptin was not significantly associated with HRV. However, among officers with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) , leptin was inversely associated with HRV, after adjustment for age, gender, and race/ethnicity; HF HRV, P = 0.019 and LF HRV, P < 0.0001. Similarly, among officers with percent body fat ≥ 25.5%, leptin and LF HRV showed significant, inverse associations (adjusted P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Leptin levels were inversely associated with LF HRV, especially among officers with increased adiposity. Increased leptin levels may be associated with CVD-related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luenda E Charles
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia
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