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Ramji N, Xie S, Bunger A, Trenner R, Ye H, Farmer T, Reichling T, Ashe J, Milleman K, Milleman J, Klukowska M. Effects of stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingival health and oxidative stress markers: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:1019. [PMID: 39215289 PMCID: PMC11365164 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease results in oral dysbiosis, increasing plaque virulence and oxidative stress. Stannous fluoride (SnF2) binds lipopolysaccharides to reduce plaque virulence. This study prospectively assessed SnF2 effects on oxidative stress in adults with gingivitis. METHODS This was a 2-month, single-center, single-treatment clinical trial. Twenty "disease" (> 20 bleeding sites with ≥ 3 pockets 3 mm-4 mm deep) and 20 "healthy" (≤ 3 bleeding sites with pockets ≤ 2 mm deep) adults were enrolled. All participants were instructed to use SnF2 dentifrice twice daily for 2 months. An oral examination, Modified Gingival Index (MGI) examination and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) examination were conducted at baseline, 1 month and 2 months. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, oral lavage and supragingival plaque were collected at each visit to evaluate: Endotoxins, Protein Carbonyls, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxi-LDL), IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). A subset-analysis examined participants considered at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Change-from-baseline analyses within each group were of primary interest. RESULTS The disease group showed statistically significant reductions in GBI at Month 1 (67%) and Month 2 (85%) and in MGI at Month 1 (36%) and Month 2 (51%) versus baseline (p < 0.001). At baseline, the disease group showed greater LDH in GCF and oxi-LDL levels in saliva versus the healthy group (p ≤ 0.01). Total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in saliva increased versus baseline for the disease group at Months 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), and levels for the disease group were greater than the healthy group at both timepoints (p < 0.05). SnF2 treatment reduced endotoxins (lavage) for both disease and healthy groups at Month 2 (p ≤ 0.021) versus baseline. There was a reduction in oxidative stress markers, namely protein carbonyl in saliva, at Months 1 and 2 (p < 0.001) for both groups and a reduction in cytokine IL-6 (lavage) in the disease group at Month 2 (p = 0.005). A subset analysis of participants at higher coronary disease risk showed reductions in endotoxins in lavage, oxi-LDL, and CRP in saliva at Month 2 (p ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSION SnF2 dentifrice use reversed gingival inflammation, suppressed endotoxins and reduced some harmful oxidant products in saliva and gingiva. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05326373, registered on 13/04/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Ramji
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA.
| | - Sancai Xie
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Ashley Bunger
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Rachel Trenner
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Hao Ye
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Teresa Farmer
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Tim Reichling
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Julie Ashe
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
| | - Kimberly Milleman
- Salus Research Inc, 1220 Medical Park Drive, Building 4, Ft. Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46825, USA
| | - Jeffery Milleman
- Salus Research Inc, 1220 Medical Park Drive, Building 4, Ft. Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, 46825, USA
| | - Malgorzata Klukowska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business and Innovation Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, USA
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2
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Pereira WDS, Lelis DF, Cunha RS, Griep RH, Barreto SM, Molina MDCB, Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Bensenor I, Lotufo PA, Mill JG, Baldo MP. Fasting Glucose, Glycated Hemoglobin, and 2h Post-load Blood Glucose Are Independently Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Diabetes: The ELSA-Brasil Study. Angiology 2024; 75:635-644. [PMID: 36951393 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231166180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The association of diabetes with increased large artery stiffness is not definitively established. We aimed to describe the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) in participants with and without diabetes and whether the cf-PWV could vary among the different laboratory-based criteria used. A cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from 13,912 adults was used. cf-PWV as well as anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical data were measured. Diabetes was defined by previous medical diagnosis, medication use, fasting glucose, an oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The prevalence of diabetes was 18.7%, higher in men than in women. After adjustment, participants with diabetes showed higher cf-PWV (men: 9.7 ± 1.7 vs 9.4 ± 1.7 m/s, P < .05; women: 9.4 ± 1.6 vs 9.1 ± 1.7 m/s, P < .05). We observed a progressive increase in cf-PWV as >1 laboratory-based criterion for diabetes diagnosis was reached. Also, participants with diabetes with alterations in any laboratory-based criteria had higher cf-PWV than participants without diabetes, regardless of sex. In summary, diabetes is associated with higher cf-PWV as is each laboratory-based parameter used for its diagnosis. These results support the strong consequences of glucose dysregulation on the vascular system and provide evidence to screen all parameters involved in glycemic metabolism to improve vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wille D S Pereira
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Deborah F Lelis
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
| | - Roberto S Cunha
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Rosane H Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandhi M Barreto
- School of Medicine and Clinical Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- School of Medicine and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- School of Medicine and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Baldo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Montes Claros State University (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Brazil
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3
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Said MF, Marie SM, Mohamed NM, Mahrouse MA, Moussa BA. Insight on novel oxindole conjugates adopting different anti-inflammatory investigations and quantitative evaluation. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:817-842. [PMID: 38634318 PMCID: PMC11249151 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: A dual COX/5-LOX strategy was adopted to develop new oxindole derivatives with superior anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: Three series of oxindoles - esters 4a-p, 6a-l and imines 7a-o - were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Molecular docking and predicted pharmacokinetic parameters were done for the most active compounds. A new LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the quantification of 4h in rat plasma. Results: Compounds 4h, 6d, 6f, 6j and 7m revealed % edema inhibition up to 100.00%; also, 4l and 7j showed 100.00% writhing protection. Compound 4h showed dual inhibitory activity with IC50 = 0.0533 and 0.4195 μM for COX-2 and 5-LOX, respectively. Molecular docking rationalized the obtained biological activity. The pharmacokinetic parameters of 4h from rat plasma were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sarah M Marie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada M Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information (MTI), Cairo, 11585, Egypt
| | - Marianne A Mahrouse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahia A Moussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, PO Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Son SE, Cheon SH, Hur W, Lee HB, Kim DH, Ha CH, Lee SJ, Han DK, Seong GH. One-step paper-based SlipChip for the sensitive detection of C-reactive protein with porous platinum nanozyme-assisted signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 243:115752. [PMID: 37852125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sensitive point-of-care testing is crucial for preparedness in the post-pandemic era. Although paper-based lateral flow assays have attracted attention and have various advantages for rapid, on-site diagnosis, they have low sensitivity. To overcome the limitations of the existing assays, in this study, we aimed to develop a new, one-step, nanozyme-amplified SlipChip for the sensitive detection of C-reactive protein (CRP). The SlipChip was constructed by combining wax-printed paper with different channel designs. The three-dimensional (3D) fluidic configuration of the SlipChip allowed for the sequential delivery of reagents, enabling mixing and signal amplification with a one-step sliding operation. As a signal-amplifying reagent, peroxidase-mimicking porous platinum nanozyme (pPtNZ) was synthesized using a simple wet chemical method. The pPtNZ conjugated on the test line catalyzes the oxidation of diaminobenzidine (DAB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, increasing the color intensity. The immunoassay results of the SlipChip were easily interpreted within 20 min, and the color intensity was visually enhanced by DAB precipitation over time, resulting in up to 6-fold signal amplification. The proposed pPtNZ-SlipChip exhibited high analytical performances for the one-step detection of serum and salivary CRP from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL, with a limit of detection of 0.03 ng/mL. These results revealed the potential and applicability of the pPtNZ-SlipChip, with the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity, low cost, and portability for on-site detection and point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Son
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwa Cheon
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hur
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Been Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Ha
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyoung Han
- Division of Materials Analysis and Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Szustkiewicz-Karoń A, Schönborn M, Patrycja Pasieka, Płotek A, Maga P, Gregorczyk-Maga I. Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid: A Review. Angiology 2023; 74:909-947. [PMID: 36268801 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221134757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the fact that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the most serious problem in public health, there is a need for new and efficient methods for screening and early detection. In the recent literature, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been gaining recognition as sources of many potential biomarkers of various systemic diseases, mainly because of correlation between the level of some compounds in the blood and saliva and association between the composition of saliva and health status. In this review, we summarize published findings of patients with atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stroke in the context of clinical utility of saliva and GCF in diagnosing and assessing CVD severity. We hypothesize that substances in saliva including inflammatory markers, enzymes, or hormones might become novel contributors to the diagnosis and screening of CVDs. In particular, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα), and cortisol seem to be the most promising. However, further investigation is warranted to determine the most effective markers and methods for their analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Schönborn
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patrycja Pasieka
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Płotek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Angiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Gregorczyk-Maga
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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6
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Casati S, Goldoni R, Thomaz DV, Kehr NS, Galimberti D, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. Salivary biomarkers: novel noninvasive tools to diagnose chronic inflammation. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:27. [PMID: 37386003 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Several chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, heart disease and cancer are preceded by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Biomarkers for the early assessment of chronic disorders encompass acute phase proteins (APP), cytokines and chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes, lipids and oxidative stress mediators. These substances enter saliva through the blood flow and, in some cases, there is a close relation between their salivary and serum concentration. Saliva can be easily collected and stored with non-invasive and cost-saving procedures, and it is emerging the concept to use it for the detection of inflammatory biomarkers. To this purpose, the present review aims to discuss the advantages and challenges of using standard and cutting-edge techniques to discover salivary biomarkers which may be used in diagnosis/therapy of several chronic diseases with inflammatory consequences with the pursuit to possibly replace conventional paths with detectable soluble mediators in saliva. Specifically, the review describes the procedures used for saliva collection, the standard approaches for the measurement of salivary biomarkers and the novel methodological strategies such as biosensors to improve the quality of care for chronically affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- Laboratory of Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Nermin Seda Kehr
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gülbahçe Kampüsü, Urla İzmir, Turkey
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Neurology-Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca M Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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7
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Kumari S, Samara M, Ampadi Ramachandran R, Gosh S, George H, Wang R, Pesavento RP, Mathew MT. A Review on Saliva-Based Health Diagnostics: Biomarker Selection and Future Directions. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS & DEVICES (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37363139 PMCID: PMC10243891 DOI: 10.1007/s44174-023-00090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The human body has a unique way of saying when something is wrong with it. The molecules in the body fluids can be helpful in the early detection of diseases by enabling health and preventing disease progression. These biomarkers enabling better healthcare are becoming an extensive area of research interest. Biosensors that detect these biomarkers are becoming the future, especially Point Of Care (POC) biosensors that remove the need to be physically present in the hospital. Detection of complex and systemic diseases using biosensors has a long way to go. Saliva-based biosensors are gaining attention among body fluids due to their non-invasive collection and ability to detect periodontal disease and identify systemic diseases. The possibility of saliva-based diagnostic biosensors has gained much publicity, with companies sending home kits for ancestry prediction. Saliva-based testing for covid 19 has revealed effective clinical use and relevance of the economic collection. Based on universal biomarkers, the detection of systemic diseases is a booming research arena. Lots of research on saliva-based biosensors is available, but it still poses challenges and limitations as POC devices. This review paper talks about the relevance of saliva and its usefulness as a biosensor. Also, it has recommendations that need to be considered to enable it as a possible diagnostic tool. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kumari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mesk Samara
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Sujoy Gosh
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Haritha George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Russell P. Pesavento
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Mathew T. Mathew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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8
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Babaei M, Rezaei S, Saghafi Khadem S, Shirinbak I, Basir Shabestari S. The Role of Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Systemic and Oral Disorders: A Systematic Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:138. [PMID: 36479533 PMCID: PMC9719583 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood sampling is expensive, time-consuming, invasive, and requires technical facilities, which can be replaced by more convenient samples such as saliva. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker in the management of many disorders and plasma CRP (pCRP) is suggested to be replaced by salivary CRP (sCRP). This study aimed to systematically review all available literature on the sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders and how sCRP and pCRP levels correlate among these patients and healthy individuals. Methods: In this systematic review, a PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar search was conducted on October-2021 to identify all research investigating sCRP levels in systemic and oral disorders. Results: A total of 130 publications were analyzed in the review. Most of the studies reported that sCRP and pCRP levels are correlated, and sCRP is a reliable alternative for pCRP level for the diagnosis and management of medical conditions. sCRP has been measured in many different medical and oral disorders and significantly correlated with disease activity in most cases. Conclusion: Salivary CRP is a good alternative for Plasma CRP levels in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Babaei
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Rezaei
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Saghafi Khadem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Shirinbak
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Samira Basir Shabestari
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Firoozgar Clinical Research Development Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author:Samira Basir Shabestari,
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9
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Prostanoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Human Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080721. [PMID: 36005592 PMCID: PMC9414732 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) together form the prostanoid family of lipid mediators. As autacoids, these five primary prostanoids propagate intercellular signals and are involved in many physiological processes. Furthermore, alterations in their biosynthesis accompany a wide range of pathological conditions, which leads to substantially increased local levels during disease. Primary prostanoids are chemically instable and rapidly metabolized. Their metabolites are more stable, integrate the local production on a systemic level, and their analysis in various biological matrices yields valuable information under different pathological settings. Therefore, prostanoid metabolites may be used as diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic biomarkers in human disease. Although their potential as biomarkers is great and extensive research has identified major prostanoid metabolites that serve as target analytes in different biofluids, the number of studies that correlate prostanoid metabolite levels to disease outcome is still limited. We review the metabolism of primary prostanoids in humans, summarize the levels of prostanoid metabolites in healthy subjects, and highlight existing biomarker studies. Since analysis of prostanoid metabolites is challenging because of ongoing metabolism and limited half-lives, an emphasis of this review lies on the reliable measurement and interpretation of obtained levels.
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Bäck M, Xhaard C, Rouget R, Thuillier Q, Plunde O, Larsson SC, Girerd N, Ferreira JP, Boivin JM, Bozec E, Mercklé L, Zannad F, Hoge A, Guillaume M, Dandine-Roulland C, Floch EL, Bacq-Daian D, Deleuze JF, Van den Berghe L, Nazare JA, Laville M, Branlant C, Behm-Ansmant I, Wagner S, Rossignol P. Fatty acid desaturase genetic variations and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake associate with arterial stiffness. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac016. [PMID: 35919123 PMCID: PMC9242081 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate diverse bioactive lipid mediators, which tightly regulate vascular inflammation. The effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention however remain controversial. In addition to direct dietary intake, fatty acid desaturases (FADS) determine PUFA levels. Increased arterial stiffness represents an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of PUFA intake, FADS1 genotype, and FADS expression with arterial stiffness.
Methods and results
A cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 1464 participants without overt cardiovascular disease was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and the FADS1 locus variant was determined. Blood cell transcriptomics was performed in a subset of 410 individuals. Pulse wave velocity was significantly associated with the FADS1 locus variant. Differential associations between PWV and omega-3 PUFA intake were observed depending on the FADS1 genotype. High omega-3 PUFA intake attenuated the FADS1 genotype-dependent associations. Carriers of the minor FADS1 locus variant exhibited increased expression of FADS2, which is associated with PWV.
Conclusion
Taken together, these findings point to FADS1 genotype-dependent associations of omega-3 PUFA intake on subclinical cardiovascular disease. These findings may have implications for identifying responders and non-responders to omega-3 PUFA supplementation and open up for personalized dietary counselling in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Department of Cardiology, , 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constance Xhaard
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Quentin Thuillier
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University Department of Surgical Sciences, , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Ludovic Mercklé
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Axelle Hoge
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Edith Le Floch
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Laurie Van den Berghe
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Wagner
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
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11
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Jiang L, Li Y, Wang L, Guo J, Liu W, Meng G, Zhang L, Li M, Cong L, Sun M. Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767642. [PMID: 34925025 PMCID: PMC8678502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Cong
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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12
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Mirza MR, Sultan R, Choudhary MI, Tahir M, Larsen MR, Tariq S, Rahman SU. Label-free quantitation of the changes in salivary proteome associated with the chronic consumption of the betel nut ( Areca catechu). Mol Omics 2021; 18:123-132. [PMID: 34851339 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00391g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut or betel nut chewing is most frequently used in Pakistan and is associated with a high risk for oral cancer. Until now, however, there has not been any research conducted on the long-term effect(s) of betel nut chewing on the saliva proteome. In the present study, initially, the changes in the saliva proteome associated with betel nut chewing were investigated. Secondly, the analysis was focused on the changes in salivary proteome with respect to prolonged usage of betel nuts. After extraction, the saliva proteins were digested into peptides and these were subsequently analyzed using mass spectrometry. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029768. Label-free quantitation of saliva samples revealed a total of 12 proteins that were differentially expressed between betel nut addicts (BNAs), and the control group. The study groups were further divided into three subgroups, the BNA-1, BNA-2, and BNA-3 groups, with respect to the extent of consumption of betel nuts in terms of years. The data analysis revealed a more detailed profiling of proteins expressed after five, ten, and more than ten years of betel nut consumption. A total of 30, 17, and 22 proteins were found to be differentially expressed when divided into the BNA-1, BNA-2, and BNA-3 groups. The present study shows that the chronic usage of betel nuts leads to the expression of proteins, such as SPARC1, profilin, and SBSN, which are known to be involved in head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Rabia Sultan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. .,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah-21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saria Tariq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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13
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McNarry MA, Lester L, Ellins EA, Halcox JP, Davies G, Winn CON, Mackintosh KA. Asthma and high-intensity interval training have no effect on clustered cardiometabolic risk or arterial stiffness in adolescents. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1967-1978. [PMID: 33778908 PMCID: PMC8192411 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiometabolic risk, including arterial stiffness, is increasing in youth. Those with asthma are suggested to be particularly at risk of cardiovascular disease. Efficient and effective strategies are required to prevent the atherosclerotic process in youth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 months high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiometabolic risk in youth with and without asthma. METHODS 65 adolescents (31 mild asthma; 34 non-asthma) were recruited, 32 (16 asthma) of whom were randomly allocated to receive HIIT three times per week for 6 months. At baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention and at a 3-month follow-up, anthropometric, metabolic and vascular determinants of cardiometabolic risk were assessed. Following principal component analysis (PCA), linear mixed models were used to assess the influence of asthma, HIIT and their interaction. RESULTS Seven factors were identified which explained 88% of the common variance shared among the parameters. Those with asthma demonstrated lower arterial stiffness factor scores mid-intervention (P = 0.047) and lower cholesterol factor scores post-intervention (P = 0.022) but there was no effect of the intervention, or interaction effects, on any PCA-identified factor, at any time-point. HIIT was associated with a lower low-density lipoprotein and diastolic blood pressure at mid-intervention. DISCUSSION Neither arterial stiffness nor clustered cardiometabolic risk are influenced by HIIT in adolescents with or without asthma, despite important changes in blood lipid and pressure profiles. Blood pressure, augmentation and pulse wave velocity should be considered physiologically distinct constructs and as potential markers of cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McNarry
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - L Lester
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - E A Ellins
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J P Halcox
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - G Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - C O N Winn
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - K A Mackintosh
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
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14
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Copeland JL, Currie CL, Chief Moon-Riley K. Physical Activity Buffers the Adverse Impacts of Racial Discrimination on Allostatic Load Among Indigenous Adults. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:520-529. [PMID: 32870255 PMCID: PMC8171801 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Racial discrimination has been associated with biological dysfunction among ethnic minorities. The extent to which regular physical activity (PA) may buffer this association is unknown. Purpose To examine the association between past-year racial discrimination and allostatic load (AL) stratified by PA within a sample of Indigenous adults. Methods Data were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017. The Experiences of Discrimination Scale was used to assess discrimination and the Godin–Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire assessed PA. A composite of seven biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function measured AL. Linear regression models examined associations adjusted for confounders (N = 150). Results In the insufficiently active group, every 1 point increase in racial discrimination (up to a maximum of 9) resulted in approximately one third of a point increase in AL score. In the sufficiently active group, the association between racial discrimination and AL score was not statistically significant. Conclusions A growing body of research suggests racial discrimination is associated with multisystem biological dysregulation and health risks. Increased action to address racism in society is a priority. As that work unfolds, there is a need to identify effective tools that racialized groups can use to buffer the effects of racism on their health. The present findings suggest that engagement in regular PA may attenuate the pernicious effects of discrimination on biological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Copeland
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Currie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Wild J, Wenzel P. Myeloid cells, tissue homeostasis, and anatomical barriers as innate immune effectors in arterial hypertension. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:315-326. [PMID: 33443617 PMCID: PMC7899956 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although essential hypertension affects a large proportion of the human population and is one of the key drivers of cardiovascular mortality worldwide, we still do not have a complete understanding of its pathophysiology. More than 50 years ago, the immune system has been identified as an important part of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. An exceeding variety of recent publications deals with the interplay between the numerous different components of the immune system and mechanisms of arterial hypertension and has substantially contributed to our understanding of the role of immunity and inflammation in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we focus on myeloid cells and anatomical barriers as particular aspects of innate immunity in arterial hypertension. Since it represents a first line of defense protecting against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis, innate immunity provides many mechanistic hinge points in the area of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I and CTH Professorship "Vascular Inflammation", University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner site RheinMain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I and CTH Professorship "Vascular Inflammation", University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) - Partner site RheinMain, Berlin, Germany.
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17
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Bahbah EI, Noehammer C, Pulverer W, Jung M, Weinhaeusel A. Salivary biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: An insight into the current evidence. FEBS J 2020; 288:6392-6405. [PMID: 33370493 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of mortality worldwide. In acute cardiovascular conditions, time is a crucial player in the outcomes of disease management. Given the ease and noninvasiveness of obtaining saliva, salivary biomarkers may provide a rapid and efficient diagnosis of CVD. Here, we reviewed the published data on the value of salivary molecules for diagnosis of CVD, especially in acute care settings. In this review, we show that some biomarkers such as salivary creatinine kinase myocardial band, C-reactive protein, troponin-1, and myoglobin exhibited promising diagnostic values that were comparable to their serum counterparts. Other molecules were also investigated and showed controversial results, including myeloperoxidase, brain natriuretic peptide, and some oxidative stress markers. Based on our review, we concluded that the clinical use of salivary biomarkers to diagnose CVD is promising; however, it is still in the early stage of development. Further studies are needed to validate these findings, determine cutoff values for diagnosis, and compare them to other established biomarkers currently in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshak I Bahbah
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Christa Noehammer
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Pulverer
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Jung
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhaeusel
- AIT Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Shen ZJ, Han YC, Nie MW, Xiang RL, Xie HZ. Analyses of circRNA and mRNA profiles in the submandibular gland in hypertension. Genomics 2020; 113:57-65. [PMID: 33227410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the roles played by circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the mechanism underlying submandibular gland (SMG) dysfunction in hypertension. We employed RNA-seq to analyze the circRNA and mRNA expression profiles of SMGs. Seventy-five differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs and 691 DE mRNAs were determined to be significantly altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Altered mRNAs were primarily related to the immune system and immune response. Eight circRNAs were selected for further analysis. Cell adhesion molecules were determined to be the most strongly enriched pathway through analysis of DE mRNAs, the coding noncoding gene co-expression (CNC) network and the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. The salivary secretion pathway was observed to be notably enriched through analysis of the ceRNA network. These results suggest that the crosstalk among circRNAs may play a crucial role in the development of SMG dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000730, China
| | - Ye-Chen Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000730, China
| | - Mu-Wen Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000730, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000730, China.
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19
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Shen ZJ, Han YC, Wang YN, Xie HZ. LncRNA and mRNA expression profiles and functional networks of hyposalivation of the submandibular gland in hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13972. [PMID: 32811845 PMCID: PMC7434885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyposalivation is a complication of hypertension. However, little is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in salivary glands in hypertension. This study aimed to compare the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats through microarray analysis and apple bioinformatics methods to analyse their potential roles in hyposalivation. The differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Compared with WKY rats, 225 DE lncRNAs and 473 DE mRNAs were identified in the SMG of SHRs. The pathway analyses of DE mRNAs showed that inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels was involved in hyposalivation in SHRs. Ten DE lncRNAs were chosen for further research. A coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) network and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis revealed that the potential functions of these 10 DE lncRNAs were closely connected with the processes of the immune response. This study showed abundant DE lncRNAs and mRNAs in hypertensive SMGs. Furthermore, our results indicated strong associations between the immune response and hyposalivation and showed the potential of immune-related genes as novel and therapeutic targets for hyposalivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 1000730, China
| | - Ye-Chen Han
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 1000730, China
| | - Yi-Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 1000730, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 1000730, China.
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20
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Rosa N, Campos B, Esteves AC, Duarte AS, Correia MJ, Silva RM, Barros M. Tracking the functional meaning of the human oral-microbiome protein-protein interactions. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 121:199-235. [PMID: 32312422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interactome - the network of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within a cell or organism - is technically difficult to assess. Bioinformatic tools can, not only, identify potential PPIs that can be later experimentally validated, but also be used to assign functional meaning to PPIs. Saliva's potential as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid is currently being explored by several research groups. But, in order to fully attain its potential, it is necessary to achieve the full characterization of the mechanisms that take place within this ecosystem. The onset of omics technologies, and specifically of proteomics, delivered a huge set of data that is largely underexplored. Quantitative information relative to proteins within a given context (for example a given disease) can be used by computational algorithms to generate information regarding PPIs. These PPIs can be further analyzed concerning their functional meaning and used to identify potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets, defense and pathogenicity mechanisms. We describe a computational pipeline that can be used to identify and analyze PPIs between human and microbial proteins. The pipeline was tested within the scenario of human PPIs of systemic (Zika Virus infection) and of oral conditions (Periodontal disease) and also in the context of microbial interactions (Candida-Streptococcus) and showed to successfully predict functionally relevant PPIs. The pipeline can be applied to different scientific areas, such as pharmacological research, since a functional meaningful PPI network can provide insights on potential drug targets, and even new uses for existing drugs on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Bruno Campos
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Esteves
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Maria José Correia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Silva
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
| | - Marlene Barros
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Viseu, Portugal
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21
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Chaulin AM, Karslyan LS, Bazyuk EV, Nurbaltaeva DA, Duplyakov DV. [Clinical and Diagnostic Value of Cardiac Markers in Human Biological Fluids]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:66-75. [PMID: 31849301 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.11.n414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The article is devoted to problems of clinical-diagnostic value of determination of cardio-specific troponins in human biological fluids. Improvement of laboratory instrumentation and emergence of high sensitivity methods of analysis have allowed to identify troponins in urine, dialysate, and oral fluid. In the review we present actual information related to measurement of troponins in blood serum, data on testing of cardio-specific troponins in urine, dialysate, and oral fluid. Special attention is paid to determination of some cardiomarkers in oral fluid with thorough analysis of diagnostic value and effectiveness of the conducted studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Chaulin
- Samara State Medical University; Samara Regional Cardiology Dispensary
| | - L S Karslyan
- Samara State Medical University; Samara Regional Cardiology Dispensary
| | | | | | - D V Duplyakov
- Samara State Medical University; Samara Regional Cardiology Dispensary
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22
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The resolution of inflammation through omega-3 fatty acids in atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, and vascular calcification. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:757-766. [PMID: 31696250 PMCID: PMC6881483 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids serve as the substrate for the formation of a group of lipid mediators that mediate the resolution of inflammation. The cardiovascular inflammatory response in atherosclerosis and vascular injury is characterized by a failure in the resolution of inflammation, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response. The proresolving lipid mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) is formed by enzymatic conversion of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and signals resolution of inflammation through its receptor ChemR23. Importantly, the resolution of cardiovascular inflammation is an active, multifactorial process that involves modulation of the immune response, direct actions on the vascular wall, as well as close interactions between macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. Promoting anti-atherogenic signalling through the stimulation of endogenous resolution of inflammation pathways may provide a novel therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular prevention.
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Liu M, Won Lee J, Jung S, Ji S, Choi Y. Ability of S100 proteins and matrix metalloproteinase-9 to identify periodontitis in a ligature-induced periodontitis dog model. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 47:182-192. [PMID: 31680280 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to monitor the levels of selected salivary biomarkers during the development and treatment of periodontitis and to evaluate their ability to identify periodontitis in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 15 beagle dogs were divided into a control group (no ligature), group 1 (ligature on six teeth), and group 2 (ligature on 12 teeth). The experimental periods consisted of 8 weeks of periodontitis induction and 4 weeks of treatment. Clinical measurements and the sampling of saliva were performed every 4 weeks. The levels of S100A8, S100A9, S100A8/A9, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS All experimental animals and two control animals developed periodontitis, which was successfully treated. All salivary biomarkers were significantly increased in periodontitis with high diagnostic power (c-index ≥ 0.944) and were able to identify animals with periodontitis on a single tooth. Whereas the levels of salivary S100A8/A9 recovered to levels in health, those of S100A8, S100A9, and MMP-9 in periodontitis stability remained significantly higher than in health. CONCLUSION Salivary S100A8, S100A9, S100A8/A9, and MMP-9 may be used for the screening of periodontitis in dogs, but with caution of other conditions that can affect their levels in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyoung Jung
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Benincasa G, Mansueto G, Napoli C. Fluid-based assays and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases: the ‘hope’ for Pandora’s box? J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:785-799. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progresses in liquid-based assays may provide novel useful non-invasive indicators of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. By analysing circulating cells or their products in blood, saliva and urine samples, we can investigate molecular changes present at specific time points in each patient allowing sequential monitoring of disease evolution. For example, an increased number of circulating endothelial cells may be a diagnostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The assessment of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels may be useful to predict severity of acute myocardial infarction, as well as diagnose heart graft rejection. Remarkably, circulating epigenetic biomarkers, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs are key pathogenic determinants of CV diseases representing putative useful biomarkers and drug targets. For example, the unmethylated FAM101A gene may specifically trace cfDNA derived from cardiomyocyte death providing a powerful diagnostic biomarker of apoptosis during ischaemia. Moreover, changes in plasma levels of circulating miR-92 may predict acute coronary syndrome onset in patients with diabetes. Now, network medicine provides a framework to analyse a huge amount of big data by describing a CV disease as a result of a chain of molecular perturbations rather than a single defect (reductionism). We outline advantages and challenges of liquid biopsy with respect to traditional tissue biopsy and summarise the main completed and ongoing clinical trials in CV diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of combining fluid-based assays, big data and network medicine to improve precision medicine and personalised therapy in this field.
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25
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Pay JB, Shaw AM. Towards salivary C-reactive protein as a viable biomarker of systemic inflammation. Clin Biochem 2019; 68:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Tripoliti EE, Ioannidou P, Toumpaniaris P, Rammos A, Pacitto D, Lourme JC, Goletsis Y, Naka KK, Errachid A, Fotiadis DI. Point-of-Care Testing Devices for Heart Failure Analyzing Blood and Saliva Samples. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2019; 13:17-31. [PMID: 30892234 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2019.2905730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the most rapidly growing cardiovascular condition with an estimated prevalence of >37.7 million individuals globally. HF is associated with increased mortality and morbidity and confers a substantial burden, in terms of cost and quality of life, for the individuals and the healthcare systems, highlighting thus the need for early and accurate diagnosis of HF. The accuracy of HF diagnosis, severity estimation, and prediction of adverse events has improved by the utilization of blood tests measuring biomarkers. The contribution of biomarkers for HF management is intensified by the fact that they can be measured in short time at the point-of-care. This is allowed by the development of portable analytical devices, commonly known as point-of-care testing (POCT) devices, which exploit the advancements in the area of microfluidics and nanotechnology. The aim of this review paper is to present a review of POCT devices used for the measurement of biomarkers facilitating decision making when managing HF patients. The devices are either commercially available or in the form of prototypes under development. Both blood and saliva samples are considered. The challenges concerning the implementation of POCT devices and the barriers for their adoption in clinical practice are discussed.
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27
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Mahmood Z, Enocsson H, Bäck M, Chung RWS, Lundberg AK, Jonasson L. Salivary and plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and myeloperoxidase at rest and after acute physical exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207166. [PMID: 30726210 PMCID: PMC6364871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade systemic inflammation is a predictor of recurrent cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma proteins such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) have been shown to reflect basal as well as stress-induced inflammation in CAD. Measurements of MMP-9 and MPO in saliva might pose several advantages. Therefore, we investigated whether salivary levels of MMP-9 and MPO corresponded to plasma levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), both at rest and after acute physical exercise. METHODS A bicycle ergometer test was used as a model for stress-induced inflammation. Twenty-three CAD patients performed the test on two occasions 3-6 months apart. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected before, directly after and 30 min after exercise while plasma was collected before and after 30 min. MMP-9 and MPO in saliva and plasma were determined by Luminex. RESULTS MMP-9 and MPO levels were 2- to 4-fold higher in saliva than in plasma. Amongst the saliva samples, and also to a great extent amongst the plasma samples, the levels of both types of protein showed strong intercorrelations between the levels at rest and after exercise during the two visits. However, there were no (or weak) correlations between salivary and plasma MMP-9 and none between salivary and plasma MPO. CONCLUSION We conclude that salivary diagnostics cannot be used to assess systemic levels of MMP-9 and MPO in CAD patients, neither at rest nor after acute physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeid Mahmood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University,Linköping, Sweden
| | - Helena Enocsson
- Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Bäck
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosanna W. S. Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University,Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna K. Lundberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University,Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Jonasson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University,Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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28
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Differential Associations for Salivary Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Levels with Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Heart Rate, and Arterial Stiffness. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3152146. [PMID: 30647796 PMCID: PMC6311732 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3152146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salivary biomarkers may offer a noninvasive and easy sampling alternative in cardiovascular risk evaluation. The aim of the present study was to establish associations of salivary potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphate levels with the cardiovascular phenotype determined by carotid ultrasound and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and to identify possible covariates for these associations. N = 241 samples of nonstimulated whole buccal saliva were obtained from subjects with (n = 143; 59%) or without (n = 98; 41%) hypertension. The potassium concentrations were 10-fold higher in saliva compared with plasma, whereas sodium concentrations exhibited the reverse relation between saliva and blood. There were no significant correlations between the levels of sodium, potassium, or calcium in saliva and plasma. All salivary electrolytes, except sodium, were significantly associated with age. In age-adjusted analyses, salivary potassium was significantly associated with carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and these associations were at the limit of significance in multivariate analyses including prevalent cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Body mass index was a significant confounder for salivary potassium. Salivary phosphate was significantly associated with cIMT in the multivariate analysis. Salivary potassium, calcium, and phosphate levels were significantly associated with heart rate in the univariate age-adjusted as well as in two different multivariate models, whereas no significant associations between sodium and heart rate were observed. In conclusion, the differential association of salivary electrolytes with cardiovascular phenotypes indicates that these electrolytes should be further studied for their predictive value as noninvasive biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation.
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Sikorska D, Orzechowska Z, Rutkowski R, Prymas A, Mrall-Wechta M, Bednarek-Hatlińska D, Roszak M, Surdacka A, Samborski W, Witowski J. Diagnostic value of salivary CRP and IL-6 in patients undergoing anti-TNF-alpha therapy for rheumatic disease. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1183-1188. [PMID: 30043213 PMCID: PMC6153921 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Saliva has been increasingly used as a diagnostic medium for disease detection and monitoring. The aim of this observational, prospective, pilot study was to investigate whether salivary concentrations of CRP and IL-6 correlate with those in serum and with the clinical course of a rheumatic disease. Materials and methods Nineteen patients with rheumatic disease newly scheduled for anti-TNFα therapy were included. Patients received anti-TNFα treatment (adalimumab, certolizumab, golimumab or infliximab) as per standard protocols. CRP and IL-6 were measured with high-sensitivity immunoassays before and after 12 weeks of therapy, according to standard regimens. The data were analyzed with nonparametric statistics. Results Concentrations of CRP in saliva correlated significantly with those in serum (R = 0.62; p < 0.0001) and decreased markedly after successful response to treatment. In patients with a limited response to treatment salivary CRP levels increased. In contrast to CRP, the salivary concentrations of IL-6 did not change significantly over the course of therapy and they did not correlate with serum IL-6 concentrations. Salivary levels of neither CRP nor IL-6 corresponded to parameters of oral health and hygiene. Conclusions Salivary CRP but not IL-6 could be of potential use for monitoring the rheumatic disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sikorska
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28-Czerwca 1956 Street 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Zofia Orzechowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Rutkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Prymas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Mrall-Wechta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daria Bednarek-Hatlińska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Samborski
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28-Czerwca 1956 Street 135/147, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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30
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Gohel V, Jones JA, Wehler CJ. Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 56:1432-1442. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2017-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the literature examining associations between salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status.
Contents:
An advanced search was conducted using MeSH terms related to salivary biomarkers and CVD, and entered into the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search databases. Four hundred and thirty-three records were narrowed to 22 accepted articles. Included titles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and ranked into categories of low, moderate, or high.
Summary:
A total of 40 salivary biomarkers were analyzed among accepted articles. The most studied markers were salivary creatine kinase isoform MB, C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9, troponin I, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Salivary CRP provided the most consistent trends. Statistically significant increases of salivary CRP were present with CVD in every study that analyzed it. The remaining six markers demonstrated varying patterns.
Outlook:
Existing studies provide insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions. Current research shows that there is an association between some salivary biomarkers and CVD, but the details of existing studies are conflicting. Despite inconclusive results, the diagnostic potential of saliva shows promise as a non-invasive means of cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Gohel
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , 100 East Newton Street , Boston, MA 02118-2308 , USA
| | - Judith A. Jones
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
- University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Carolyn J. Wehler
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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31
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Truba TN, Doan J, Currie CL, Copeland JL. Short-term changes in daily movement behaviour influence salivary C-reactive protein in healthy women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:854-856. [PMID: 29499122 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of changing daily movement behaviour on C-reactive protein (CRP) measured in saliva. Two groups of women either reduced daily movement or increased physical activity for 10 days. Salivary CRP increased by 31% in the sedentary group (0.378 ± 0.596 to 0.487 ± 0.793 μg·L-1) and decreased by 22% in the active group (0.414 ± 0.640 to 0.259 ± 0.284 μg·L-1). These results suggest short-term changes in daily movement behaviour can affect salivary CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taura N Truba
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jon Doan
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Currie
- b Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Copeland
- a Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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32
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Jones BL, Elwazeer S, Taylor ZE. Salivary uric acid and C-reactive protein associations with hypertension in Midwestern Latino preadolescents and their parents. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 60:104-110. [PMID: 29127717 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Latino families face increased risk for hypertension. Serum-based uric acid and C-reactive protein have been linked to hypertension. However, a paucity of salivary biomarker data exists in this area for Latino families. Using salivary biomarkers enables less invasive options for biomedical and biosocial research, which is especially important among vulnerable populations facing increased health disparities. This study examined the associations between salivary uric (sUA) acid, salivary C-reactive protein (sCRP), and hypertension among 151 participants (57 children, 57 mothers, 37 fathers) from 57 Midwestern Latino families. Participants self-administered the salivary samples, and blood pressure was measured by researchers. Results showed sUA was associated across family members, and child hypertension was related to parents' hypertension. sCRP was only related to sUA in fathers. Findings highlight the family-level health connections, along with the importance for further investigations using salivary biomarkers with Latinos, and the need for a robust sUA cut-off for hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Salma Elwazeer
- Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zoe E Taylor
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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33
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Zhang J, Zhong LJ, Wang Y, Liu LM, Cong X, Xiang RL, Wu LL, Yu GY, Zhang Y. Proteomic analysis reveals an impaired Ca 2+/AQP5 pathway in the submandibular gland in hypertension. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14524. [PMID: 29109472 PMCID: PMC5674029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a systemic disorder that affects numerous physiological processes throughout the body. Improper sodium transport is a common comorbidity of hypertension, and sodium transport is also critical for maintaining the secretion of submandibular glands, whether the function of submandibular glands is affected by hypertension remains unclear. To determine whether hypertension induces changes in the protein expression of submandibular glands, we compared the proteome of submandibular glands from 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats using LC-MS/MS. The results revealed that 95 proteins displayed different levels of expression between the submandibular glands from the SHRs and WKYs. Among these, 35 proteins were more abundant, and 60 proteins were less abundant in the SHR compared with the WKY rats. Specifically, aquaporin 5 and parvalbumin, which are correlated with water transport and intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction, were verified to exhibit differences in protein abundance. Impaired Ca2+ response to carbachol was confirmed in the acinar cells from SHRs, and hyposecretion by the submandibular glands was further confirmed by in vivo saliva collection. In conclusion, the proteomic analysis of the submandibular glands of SHRs revealed novel changes in protein abundance that provides possible mechanisms connecting hypertension and hyposecretion in submandibular glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhong
- Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Roever
- 1 Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - João L O'Connell
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Antonio Cp Chagas
- 3 Heart Institute (InCor), HCFMUSP, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.,4 Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine ABC, Brazil
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Abdul Rehman S, Khurshid Z, Hussain Niazi F, Naseem M, Al Waddani H, Sahibzada HA, Sannam Khan R. Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5030021. [PMID: 28783097 PMCID: PMC5620538 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human whole mouth saliva (WMS) is secreted by salivary glands, namely parotid, submandibular/sublingual and other minor glands of the oral cavity. It is secreted in a systematic way, and contain informative proteins and peptides for the early detection of contagious diseases and organ-related diseases. The role of WMS as a liquid biopsy for the detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through Myoglobin (MYO), Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Exosomal miRNA, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-8 (TIMP-1), leukotriene B4 has been well reported in last decade, that have been reviewed in the literature comprehensively below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Abdul Rehman
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi 74700, Pakistan.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Hamed Al Waddani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
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36
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Sommakia S, Baker OJ. Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:576-597. [PMID: 27426637 PMCID: PMC5243936 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess proresolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to proresolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly Sjögren's syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sommakia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Olga J. Baker
- School of Dentistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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37
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Thul S, Labat C, Temmar M, Benetos A, Bäck M. Low salivary resolvin D1 to leukotriene B4 ratio predicts carotid intima media thickness: A novel biomarker of non-resolving vascular inflammation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2017; 24:903-906. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317694464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Thul
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Carlos Labat
- INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine Nancy, France
| | | | - Athanase Benetos
- INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine Nancy, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, France
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine Nancy, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, France
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
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Ebersole JL, Kryscio RJ, Campbell C, Kinane DF, McDevitt J, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Miller CS. Salivary and serum adiponectin and C-reactive protein levels in acute myocardial infarction related to body mass index and oral health. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:419-427. [PMID: 27549083 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adiponectin is produced by adipose cells and is considered an anti-inflammatory molecule. In contrast, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation and used as a risk marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of interest was the relationship of these two biomarkers to oral health and CVD risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS This investigation examined these two molecules in serum and unstimulated whole saliva of patients within 48 h of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to control subjects. We hypothesized a differential response in these biomolecules resulting from the heart attack that would be affected by both the body mass index and oral health characteristics of the individuals. RESULTS Significantly lower adiponectin levels were observed in the serum of patients with AMI. Serum adiponectin in both groups and salivary adiponectin in patients with AMI decreased with increasing body mass index. Oral health was significantly worse in patients with AMI, and both serum and salivary adiponectin were elevated with better oral health in control subjects. Serum CRP levels were increased in patients with AMI regardless of their oral health, and both serum and salivary CRP were significantly elevated in S-T wave elevated patients with MI. CONCLUSIONS These initial data provide evidence relating obesity and oral health to salivary and serum analyte levels that occur in association with cardiac events. Relationships have been described between CVD risk and periodontal disease. Additionally, various systemic inflammatory biomarkers appear to reflect both the CVD risk and the extent/severity of periodontitis. Our findings indicated that oral health and obesity contribute to altering levels of these salivary and serum analytes in association with cardiac events. The potential that serum and/or salivary biomarkers could aid in evaluating CVD risk requires knowledge regarding how the oral health of the individual would impact the effectiveness of these biological measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ebersole
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - R J Kryscio
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - D F Kinane
- College of Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J McDevitt
- Department of Biomaterials, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Christodoulides
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P N Floriano
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C S Miller
- Department of Oral Health Practice & Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Inhaled corticosteroids do not reduce initial high activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in exhaled breath condensates of children with asthma exacerbation: a proof of concept study. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:221-7. [PMID: 27536209 PMCID: PMC4967657 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.60998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the key component of asthma treatment. However, it is unclear whether they could control the activity and level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, which is an important factor in asthma-associated inflammation and airway remodeling. Therefore, the aim of this proof of concept study was to analyze the influence of increased doses of ICS on MMP-9 in exhaled breath condensates (EBC) of patients with allergic asthma exacerbation. Apart from MMP-9, the assessment concerned selected inflammation markers – exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and cytokines (IL-8 and TNF). The study involved a small group (n = 4) of individuals with asthma exacerbation. The intervention concerned increased doses of ICS with β-mimetics for 4 weeks. In addition to clinical evaluation, eNO measurements and EBC collections were done before and after 4 weeks of intense ICS treatment. The biochemical assessment of EBC concerned MMP-9, IL-8 and TNF. The data were compared to results of healthy controls (n = 6). The initial levels of eNO, MMP-9 and TNF in EBC were higher in the asthma group than in controls. In all subjects IL-8 levels were below the detection limit. After 4 weeks of ICS treatment in all patients we observed improvement of clinical and laboratory parameters. Interestingly, despite reduction of eNO and TNF, the activity of MMP-9/EBC remained on the initial level. Practical relevance of our results is limited by a small group. Nevertheless, our data suggest that ICS, although sufficient to control symptoms and inflammatory markers, may be ineffective to reduce MMP-9/EBC activity in asthma exacerbation and, possibly, airway remodeling.
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Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin (SIgA) and Lysozyme in Malignant Tumor Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8701423. [PMID: 27294141 PMCID: PMC4886044 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8701423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background. The purpose of this study is to understand the oral mucosal immune status of cancer patients and to make clear whether antibacterial proteins such as salivary secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA) and lysozyme in saliva were influenced by patients' health status and certain medical treatment therapy. Materials and Methods. This study included 221 patients with malignant tumor receiving antineoplastic treatment and 171 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results. The results showed that patients suffering malignant tumor had lower level of SIgA and higher level of lysozyme than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The SIgA level was significantly different among different cancer tumors, while the lysozyme level showed significant difference only between patients with digestive tract malignant tumor and hematopoietic system tumor. Pretreatment before transplantation for hematopoietic system tumor patients significantly affected the lysozyme level other than SIgA. SIgA level was affected by many factors such as age, therapy factors, and oral hygiene. Conclusion. Malignant tumor and the antineoplaston may weaken the patients' oral mucosal immunity, influence levels of some salivary proteins, and decrease the level of SIgA, resulting in aggregation of oral bacteria and failure of clearing them from the oral cavity.
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Ketelhuth DF, Hermansson A, Hlawaty H, Letourneur D, Yan ZQ, Bäck M. The leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT) antagonist BIIL284 decreases atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:105-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Steinmann M, Abbas C, Singer F, Casaulta C, Regamey N, Haffner D, Fischer DC, Simonetti GD. Arterial stiffness is increased in asthmatic children. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:519-23. [PMID: 25248341 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Altered arterial stiffness is a recognized risk factor of poor cardiovascular health. Chronic inflammation may increase arterial stiffness. We tested whether arterial stiffness is increased children with asthma, a chronic disease characterized by fluctuating airway and systemic inflammation. Arterial stiffness, expressed as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf), was measured in 37 mild-to-moderate asthmatic children: 11 girls, median (range) age 11.1 years (6-15). PWVcf in asthma was compared to PWVcf in 65 healthy controls matched for age, height, and gender previously studied in Germany and was correlated with airway inflammation and obstruction. PWVcf was higher in asthmatic children compared to controls: PWVcf median (interquartile range) was 4.7 m/s (4.5-4.9) vs. 4.3 m/s (4.1-4.7), p < 0.0001. In asthmatic children, PWVcf was inversely associated (r (2) = 0.20, p = 0.004) with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). This association remained significant after adjusting for possible confounders including body mass index, blood pressure, steroid use, and FeNO. CONCLUSION Arterial stiffness is increased in children with mild-to-moderate asthma. The association between impaired lung function and increased arterial stiffness suggests that severity of disease translates into detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Steinmann
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland,
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Abstract
The view of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease has emerged from observations of immune activation and inflammatory signalling in human atherosclerotic lesions, from the definition of inflammatory biomarkers as independent risk factors for cardiovascular events, and from evidence of low-density lipoprotein-induced immune activation. Studies in animal models of hyperlipidaemia have also supported the beneficial effects of countering inflammation to delay atherosclerosis progression. Specific inflammatory pathways with relevance to human diseases have been identified, and inhibitors of these pathways are either already in use for the treatment of other diseases, or are under development and evaluation. These include 'classic' drugs (such as allopurinol, colchicine, and methotrexate), biologic therapies (for example tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and IL-1 neutralization), as well as targeting of lipid mediators (such as phospholipase inhibitors and antileukotrienes) or intracellular pathways (inhibition of NADPH oxidase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or phosphodiesterase). The evidence supporting the use of anti-inflammatory therapies for atherosclerosis is mainly based on either observational or small interventional studies evaluating surrogate markers of disease activity. Nevertheless, these data are crucial to understand the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, and to design randomized controlled studies to evaluate the effect of specific anti-inflammatory strategies on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Musso J, Buchmann W, Gonnet F, Jarroux N, Bellon S, Frydman C, Brunet DL, Daniel R. Biomarkers probed in saliva by surface plasmon resonance imaging coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in array format. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:1285-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kosaka T, Kokubo Y, Ono T, Sekine S, Kida M, Kikui M, Yamamoto M, Watanabe M, Amano A, Maeda Y, Miyamoto Y. Salivary inflammatory cytokines may be novel markers of carotid atherosclerosis in a Japanese general population: the Suita study. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:123-8. [PMID: 25238219 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary biomarkers have been recently useful of periodontal disease, which is also risk factor of atherosclerosis. However, there are few studies of the association between salivary inflammatory cytokines and carotid atherosclerosis. We aimed to clarify the association between salivary inflammatory cytokines and periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis in a general urban population. METHODS We studied 608 Japanese men and women (mean age: 65.4 years) in the Suita study. Carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by high-resolution ultrasonography with atherosclerotic indexes of intima-media thickness (IMT). Periodontal status was evaluated by the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Salivary levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The risks of carotid atherosclerosis (≥75th percentiles of mean- [0.88 mm] and Max-IMT [1.50 mm]) according to the quartiles of salivary inflammatory cytokines were compared using of adjusted-logistic regression models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION All salivary inflammatory cytokines were positively associated with CPI. The adjusted odds ratios for carotid atherosclerosis of mean-IMT in the highest quartile of interleukin-6 and TNF-α were higher than those in the lowest quartiles (OR = 2.32 and 2.88; 95% confidence intervals = 1.19-4.51 and 1.51-5.49, respectively). The adjusted odds ratio for carotid atherosclerosis of mean-IMT in the highest quartile of PGE2 was greater than those in the lowest quartile in women (OR = 2.78; 95% confidence intervals = 1.11-6.95). In conclusion, higher levels of salivary inflammatory cytokines were associated with both periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis. Selected salivary inflammatory cytokines may be useful screening markers for periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Sekine
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Momoyo Kida
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Miki Kikui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Yamamoto
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
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Bäck M, Powell WS, Dahlén SE, Drazen JM, Evans JF, Serhan CN, Shimizu T, Yokomizo T, Rovati GE. Update on leukotriene, lipoxin and oxoeicosanoid receptors: IUPHAR Review 7. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3551-74. [PMID: 24588652 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous ligands for the LT, lipoxin (LX) and oxoeicosanoid receptors are bioactive products produced by the action of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. The LT receptors BLT1 and BLT2 , are activated by LTB4 and the CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors are activated by the cysteinyl-LTs, whereas oxoeicosanoids exert their action through the OXE receptor. In contrast to these pro-inflammatory mediators, LXA4 transduces responses associated with the resolution of inflammation through the receptor FPR2/ALX (ALX/FPR2). The aim of the present review is to give a state of the field on these receptors, with focus on recent important findings. For example, BLT1 receptor signalling in cancer and the dual role of the BLT2 receptor in pro- and anti-inflammatory actions have added more complexity to lipid mediator signalling. Furthermore, a cross-talk between the CysLT and P2Y receptor systems has been described, and also the presence of novel receptors for cysteinyl-LTs, such as GPR17 and GPR99. Finally, lipoxygenase metabolites derived from ω-3 essential polyunsaturated acids, the resolvins, activate the receptors GPR32 and ChemR23. In conclusion, the receptors for the lipoxygenase products make up a sophisticated and tightly controlled system of endogenous pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- Nomenclature Subcommittee for Leukotriene Receptors, International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang X, Dimeski G, Punyadeera C. Validation of an immunoassay to measure plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 concentrations in human saliva. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:258-65. [PMID: 24969919 PMCID: PMC4083577 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2014.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We have previously shown that the concentrations of D-dimer are significantly elevated in saliva compared with plasma. Saliva offers several advantages compared with blood analysis. We hypothesised that human saliva contains plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and that the concentrations are not affected by the time of saliva collection. The aim was to adopt and validate an immunoassay to quantify PAI-1 concentrations in saliva and to determine whether saliva collection time has an influence in the measurement. Materials and methods: Two saliva samples (morning and afternoon) from the same day were collected from healthy subjects (N = 40) who have had no underlying heart conditions. A customized AlphaLISA® immunoassay (PerkinElmer®, MA, USA) was adopted and used to quantify PAI-1 concentrations. We validated the analytical performance of the customized immunoassay by calculating recovery of known amount of analyte spiked in saliva. Results: The recovery (95.03%), intra- (8.59%) and inter-assay (7.52%) variations were within the acceptable ranges. The median salivary PAI-1 concentrations were 394 pg/mL (interquartile ranges (IQR) 243.4–833.1 pg/mL) in the morning and 376 (129.1–615.4) pg/mL in the afternoon and the plasma concentration was 59,000 (24,000–110,000) pg/mL. Salivary PAI-1 did not correlate with plasma (P = 0.812). Conclusions: The adopted immunoassay produced acceptable assay sensitivity and specificity. The data demonstrated that saliva contains PAI-1 and that its concentration is not affected by the time of saliva collection. There is no correlation between salivary and plasma PAI-1 concentrations. Further studies are required to demonstrate the utility of salivary PAI-1 in CVD risk factor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
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Urinary leukotriene E4 is associated with renal function but not with endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:475-80. [PMID: 24198444 PMCID: PMC3809968 DOI: 10.1155/2013/370461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are inflammatory and vasoactive mediators implicated in endothelium-dependent relaxations and atherosclerosis. Urinary leukotriene E4 (U-LTE4) is a validated disease marker of asthma and increases also in diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of U-LTE4 and CRP with endothelial function. Urine samples were obtained from 30 subjects (80% males; median age 65) with type 2 diabetes of at least two years duration and a median glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 71 (14–129) mL/min. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was used as a measure of microvascular endothelial function, whereas macrovascular endothelial function was determined be means of flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD). Decreased renal function was associated with lower concentrations of U-LTE4. In addition, U-LTE4 was correlated with serum creatinine (R = −0.572; P = 0.001) and eGFR (R = 0.517; P = 0.0036). A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified eGFR as an independent predictor of U-LTE4 concentrations. In conclusion, the present results did not establish an association of U-LTE4 with endothelial dysfunction. However, eGFR was an independent predictor of U-LTE4, but not CRP, in this cohort, suggesting that GFR should be considered in biomarker studies of U-LTE4.
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