1
|
Singh Negi S, Sharma N, Mehmet Baskonus H. Dual-strain dynamics of COVID-19 variants in India: Modeling, analysis, and implications for pandemic control. Gene 2024; 926:148586. [PMID: 38782223 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a detailed compartmental model developed to understand the complex dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, focusing on the Delta and Omicron variants in India. The model tracks disease progression through different population compartments, considering factors like vaccination, time-dependent transmission, economic burden and COVID-19 death rates, loss of vaccine-induced immunity, and the transition of asymptomatic cases to recovery. The model is validated against established epidemiological knowledge and real-world data, emphasizing dynamic parameterization and accurate representation of immunity dynamics. The basic reproduction number for both variants is calculated, and sensitivity analysis for various parameters is conducted. Time-dependent parameters are estimated using the discrete inverse method. The study also explores the economic burden, impact of different types of masks, vaccine efficacy, and vaccine-induced immunity through numerical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singh Negi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand 246174, India.
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand 246174, India.
| | - Haci Mehmet Baskonus
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Harran University, 63190 Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yousefpanah K, Ebadi MJ, Sabzekar S, Zakaria NH, Osman NA, Ahmadian A. An emerging network for COVID-19 CT-scan classification using an ensemble deep transfer learning model. Acta Trop 2024; 257:107277. [PMID: 38878849 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has caused the death of millions of people worldwide. Early diagnosis of the virus is essential to control its spread and provide timely treatment. Artificial intelligence methods are often used as powerful tools to reach a COVID-19 diagnosis via computed tomography (CT) samples. In this paper, artificial intelligence-based methods are introduced to diagnose COVID-19. At first, a network called CT6-CNN is designed, and then two ensemble deep transfer learning models are developed based on Xception, ResNet-101, DenseNet-169, and CT6-CNN to reach a COVID-19 diagnosis by CT samples. The publicly available SARS-CoV-2 CT dataset is utilized for our implementation, including 2481 CT scans. The dataset is separated into 2108, 248, and 125 images for training, validation, and testing, respectively. Based on experimental results, the CT6-CNN model achieved 94.66% accuracy, 94.67% precision, 94.67% sensitivity, and 94.65% F1-score rate. Moreover, the ensemble learning models reached 99.2% accuracy. Experimental results affirm the effectiveness of designed models, especially the ensemble deep learning models, to reach a diagnosis of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M J Ebadi
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sina Sabzekar
- Civil Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nor Hidayati Zakaria
- Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aida Osman
- Computer and Information Sciences Department, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia
| | - Ali Ahmadian
- Decisions Lab, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Charoenporn V, Hanvivattanakul S, Jongmekwamsuk K, Lenavat R, Hanvivattanakul K, Charernboon T. Zoom fatigue related to online learning among medical students in Thailand: Prevalence, predictors, and association with depression. F1000Res 2024; 13:617. [PMID: 39220383 PMCID: PMC11364962 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.146084.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the learning pattern of medical students shifted from onsite to online. This transition may contribute to what has been called "Zoom fatigue." This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Zoom fatigue related to online learning, identify associated factors of Zoom fatigue, and explore its correlation with depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1st to 6th-year Thai medical students. The online survey was administered using a demographic and health behavior questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Thai version of the Zoom Exhaustion & Fatigue Scale (ZEF-T). Results Among the 386 participating students, 221 (57%) were female, with a mean age of 20.6 years. The prevalence of high Zoom fatigue was 9.6%. In the multivariable regression analysis, a lower academic year and a higher number of online learning sessions were significant predictors of Zoom fatigue (p < 0.001), while regular exercise emerged as a protective factor (p = 0.009). The prevalence of depressive disorder was 61.9%, and a significant correlation was found between having a depressive disorder and experiencing Zoom fatigue (p = 0.004). Conclusion Zoom fatigue among medical students was correlated with depression. Consequently, medical students experiencing Zoom fatigue should undergo further assessment for depression. It is crucial to closely monitor medical students in lower academic years with a high number of online sessions for signs of Zoom fatigue. Additionally, implementing strategies, such as reducing the frequency of online sessions and promoting regular exercise, may help alleviate the symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veevarin Charoenporn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | | | - Rinradee Lenavat
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Thammanard Charernboon
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ekhtiari S, Fahey C, Hache P, Hache R, Rubinger L, Khan M, Richards D, Grant JA. Load Management Among Professional Hockey Goalies: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Sports Health 2024:19417381241271556. [PMID: 39185623 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241271556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Load management is a sports science concept describing the execution of well-established training principles to measure athletic workloads and enhance performance. The term 'load management' has become common in sports media to refer to a much wider range of scenarios, including the idea that by limiting regular season workload for athletes, their health and playoff performance will improve. Varying links between load and performance have been demonstrated in baseball and soccer. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess the impact of regular season workload on postseason performance among National Hockey League (NHL) goalies. HYPOTHESIS NHL goalies with lighter regular season workloads will perform better in postseason appearances. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS NHL goalies with a minimum of 20 regular season games played and 3 playoff game appearances in the same season since 2013-2014 were eligible for inclusion. All regular season and postseason workload and performance metrics were collected from publicly available statistical databases. Workload outcomes included games started, minutes played, and shots faced. Performance outcomes included goals against average, save percentage, goals saved above average, and quality start percentage. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine whether regular season workload predicted postseason performance, when controlling for age and injury status. RESULTS A total of 51 goalies contributed 111 goalie-seasons to the analysis. The results of the primary model indicated that regular season workload explained only 6.8% of the variance in postseason performance, and that this relationship was not significant (R2 = 0.068; F(5,92) = 1.335; P = 0.26). CONCLUSION Based on data from 6 full seasons, there is no evidence to support a specific regular season game limit among NHL goalies with the aim of improved performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Individualized workload plans may be more appropriate than a single league-wide standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seper Ekhtiari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Curtis Fahey
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Hache
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard Hache
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Luc Rubinger
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Moin Khan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Grant
- MedSport, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alhassoon K, Alhsaon MA, Alsunaydih F, Alsaleem F, Salim O, Aly S, Shaban M. Machine learning predictive modeling of the persistence of post-Covid19 disorders: Loss of smell and taste as case studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35246. [PMID: 39170549 PMCID: PMC11336404 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The worldwide health crisis triggered by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has resulted in an extensive variety of symptoms in people who have been infected, the most prevalent disorders of which are loss of smell and taste senses. In some patients, these disorders might occasionally last for several months and can strongly affect patients' quality of life. The COVID-19-related loss of taste and smell does not presently have a particular therapy. However, with the help of an early prediction of these disorders, healthcare providers can direct the patients to control these symptoms and prevent complications by following special procedures. The purpose of this research is to develop a machine learning (ML) model that can predict the occurrence and persistence of post-COVID-19-related loss of smell and taste abnormalities. In this study, we used our dataset to describe the symptoms, functioning, and disability of 413 verified COVID-19 patients. In order to prepare accurate classification models, we combined several ML algorithms, including logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). The accuracy of the loss of taste model was 91.5 % with an area-under-cure (AUC) of 0.94, and the accuracy of the loss of smell model was 95 % with an AUC of 0.97. Our proposed modelling framework can be utilized by hospitals experts to assess these post-COVID-19 disorders in the early stages, which supports the development of treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alhassoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mnahal Ali Alhsaon
- Department of Public Health , Qassim Health Cluster, 3032 At Tarafiyyah Rd, 6291, Buraydah, 52367, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsunaydih
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Alsaleem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Salim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Aly
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shaban
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, 81542, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe YJÁ, Carvalho LMR, Guedes JVM, Baldoni AO, Belo VS, Otoni A. Acute renal failure, COVID-19 and deaths, worrying rates in intensive care units: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2024; 142:e2023150. [PMID: 39166611 PMCID: PMC11329267 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0150.r1.13052024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney failure is a serious consequence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES To identify the prevalence of COVID-19, kidney failure, frequency of death, and associated factors in patients receiving intensive care. DESIGN AND SETTING Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a medium-sized philanthropic general hospital in center-west Minas Gerais. METHODS Adults and older individuals who underwent real-time polymerase chain reaction testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were evaluated by the nephrology team. RESULTS Among the 176 patients, the prevalence of COVID-19 and acute kidney injury (AKI) were 103 (58.5%) and 132 (75%), respectively, and 44 (25%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 16 (15,5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the Charlson index classification, which estimates the risk of death, a statistically significant difference was identified in the percentages of groups with and without COVID-19 for indices 0, 1, and 2. There was a significant association between kidney disease and ICU mortality (P < 0.05). Patients with CKD had fewer fatal outcomes (13/97, 13.4%) than those with AKI (85/97, 87.6%). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 rates remained high long after diagnosis and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, a higher death rate among patients who developed AKI, whose prevalence was also greater than that in the national literature, regardless of the presence of COVID-19, revealed a worrying scenario and corroborated the need for early and judicious approaches to preserve the lives of patients with AKI admitted to intensive care units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi José Ávila Watanabe
- Nefrologist, Physician, PhD Student, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Campus Centro Oeste (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria Rezende Carvalho
- Undergraduate Nursing Student, Curso de Enfermagem, Campus Centro Oeste (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - João Victor Marques Guedes
- Pharmacist, External Research Partner, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Campus Centro Oeste (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Baldoni
- Pharmacist, Associate Professor, Campus Centro Oeste (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Vinícius Silva Belo
- Biologist, Associate Professor, Campus Centro Oeste (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| | - Alba Otoni
- Nurse, Associate Professor, Campus Centro Oeste (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis (MG), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xavier IGG, Andrade PM, Vitor RDL, Barros TC, Portela LF, de Holanda MT, Sangenis LHC, Sperandio da Silva GM, Mazzoli-Rocha F, Mendes FDSNS, da Costa AR, Quintana MDSB, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Araujo IL, Junqueira ACV, Pinheiro RO, Georg I, Paravidino VB, Gonçalves TR, Saraiva RM, Mediano MFF. Physical activity levels during COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors in patients with Chagas disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1411977. [PMID: 39165379 PMCID: PMC11333244 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1411977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the consequences of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on lifestyle of patients with Chagas disease (ChD) is of paramount importance to facilitate the implementation of intervention strategies tailored to this specific population. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) in Chagas disease (ChD) patients during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its main associated factors. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 187 patients of both sexes, aged ≥18 years, followed in a national infectious disease center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The level of PA was determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version and expressed in terms of total volume of physical activity (PA) (MET-minutes per week). Individuals were classified as physically active following the 2020 World Health Organization PA guideline. The exposure variables were age, sex, race, marital status, schooling, income per capita, number of rooms per domicile, number of residents per domicile, body mass index, clinical form of ChD, COVID-19 antibodies, comorbidities, self-reported anxiety, self-reported depression, self-reported fear, and self-reported sadness. The association between the exposure variables with total PA (as a continuous variable) was determined using univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Results Mean age was 61.1 ± 11.6 years. Most (62%) were women and self-declared their race as mixed (50.8%). The percentage of physically active individuals according to was 52%. The variables independently associated with total PA levels were non-white race (Exp β = 1.39; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.90), dyslipidemia (Exp β = 0.73; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95) and self-reported depression during quarantine (Exp β = 0.71; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96). Conclusion Non-white race was positively associated with total levels of PA, while dyslipidemia, and self-reported depression during quarantine were negatively associated with total levels of PA. The identification of associated factors can facilitate the development of tailored strategies to increase PA levels ChD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrícia Mello Andrade
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Lima Vitor
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tayná Cruz Barros
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Fernandes Portela
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Flavia Mazzoli-Rocha
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Rodrigues da Costa
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ingebourg Georg
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine Hésio Cordeiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rehder Gonçalves
- Institute of Public Health Studies, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Magalhães Saraiva
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Research and Education, National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Islam MA, Pathak K, Saikia R, Pramanik P, Das A, Talukdar P, Shakya A, Ghosh SK, Singh UP, Bhat HR. An in-depth analysis of COVID-19 treatment: Present situation and prospects. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400307. [PMID: 39106224 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) the most contagious infection caused by the unique type of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), produced a global pandemic that wreaked havoc on the health-care system, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Several methods were implemented to tackle the virus, including the repurposing of existing medications and the development of vaccinations. The purpose of this article is to provide a complete summary of the current state and future possibilities for COVID-19 therapies. We describe the many treatment classes, such as antivirals, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies, that have been repurposed or developed to treat COVID-19. We also looked at the clinical evidence for these treatments, including findings from observational studies and randomized-controlled clinical trials, and highlighted the problems and limitations of the available evidence. Furthermore, we reviewed existing clinical trials and prospective COVID-19 therapeutic options, such as novel medication candidates and combination therapies. Finally, we discussed the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and the importance of ongoing research into the development of viable treatments. This review will help physicians, researchers, and policymakers to understand the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Pramanik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Talukdar
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, DUIET, Dibrugarh, University, Assam, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya Pratap Singh
- Drug Design & Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maqbool M, Hussain MS, Shaikh NK, Sultana A, Bisht AS, Agrawal M. Noncoding RNAs in the COVID-19 Saga: An Untold Story. Viral Immunol 2024; 37:269-286. [PMID: 38968365 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2024.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Maqbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Md Sadique Hussain
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Nusrat K Shaikh
- Department of Quality Assurance, Smt. N. M. Padalia Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ayesha Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Ajay Singh Bisht
- Shri Guru Ram Rai University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dehradun, India
| | - Mohit Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, K. R. Mangalam University, Gurugram, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Darwita RR, Savitri PA, Khairinisa S, Ramadhani A, Adiatman M, Maharani DA, Do TT. Comparative analysis of stress level and coping strategies due to COVID-19 pandemics among dental students in Indonesia and Vietnam. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34452. [PMID: 39114078 PMCID: PMC11305215 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated and compared the perceived stress levels and coping strategies of dental students in Indonesia and Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted online in 2022 for dental students from the University of Indonesia and Can Tho University, Vietnam (n = 304). Perceived stress levels and coping strategies were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire about student sociodemographic factors, learning experiences, coping strategies, stress-related factors, and stress levels. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests. Results This study showed the overall mean stress level was 23.9 (SD = 5.63), with a significant difference observed between Indonesian (24.44, SD = 5.14) and Vietnamese students (23.32, SD = 6.13) (p = 0.016), indicating potential variations in stress experiences. Key findings include a correlation between living arrangements and stress, as students living independently report higher stress (23.96, SD = 6.24) compared to those living with family (23.95, SD = 5.29) (p = 0.018). Fifth-year students exhibit lower stress levels (21.17, SD = 6.12) than other grades (p = 0.026). Multiple training sessions about COVID-19 are associated with better coping strategies (9.95, SD = 0.91, p < 0.001). The study also revealed different perceptions of COVID-19 learning experiences among dental students in Indonesian and Vietnamese dental students, with significant correlations observed between stress levels, coping strategies, and specific concerns such as graduation time and COVID-19-induced changes (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study shows students experience moderate stress levels, but the significant differences in stress experiences and coping strategies between the two countries highlighted the need for tailored approaches. Providing social support from faculty, family, friends, and peer dental students was one of the students' strategies to cope and minimize stress levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risqa Rina Darwita
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | | | - Safira Khairinisa
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Atik Ramadhani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Melissa Adiatman
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Diah Ayu Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
| | - Thao Thi Do
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeong CH, Nam MW, Lee DY, Hong JH, Yu JH, Kim JS, Kim SG, Nam YG. Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Home-Based Breathing Exercises on Respiratory Function and Fatigue in COVID-19-Cured Young Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1488. [PMID: 39120191 PMCID: PMC11311616 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of home-based Kakao Healthcare breathing exercises and stretching on respiratory function and fatigue in COVID-19-cured patients. A total of 35 participants performed four movements of home-based breathing exercises and five respiratory muscle stretching exercises four times a week for four weeks. Respiratory function was measured using forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow(PEF). Fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Data analysis was performed using independent-sample and paired-sample t-tests in SPSS 24, with the significance level set at p < 0.05. After four weeks of home-based Kakao Healthcare breathing exercises, there were significant increases in respiratory FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF function values observed in the training group (T.G.) after the exercise intervention (p < 0.05). Such an increase was observed when comparing these values with their corresponding pre-exercise measurements. In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences in respiratory function outcomes before and after exercise in the control group (C.G.) (p > 0.05). The FSS scores were statistically significant within the training group (T.G.) (p > 0.05). The 4-week Kakao Healthcare breathing exercise scheme was found to be capable of improving some respiratory functions in COVID-19-recovered patients, but it showed no significant improvement in fatigue levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Min-Woo Nam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Dong-Yeop Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Ji-Heon Hong
- Digital Healthcare Institute, College of Health Sciences, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Yu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Jin-Seop Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Seong-Gil Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Yeon-Gyo Nam
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sun Moon University, Asan 31460, Republic of Korea; (C.-H.J.); (M.-W.N.); (D.-Y.L.); (J.-H.Y.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-G.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu D, Wang D, Chen Y, Dong T, Zhang Y, Huang M, Wu A, Ouyang Y, Chen W, Qian Z. Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the utilization of hospital services and development of optimal pandemic control strategy in Chinese tertiary hospitals during the Omicron wave. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:833. [PMID: 39044202 PMCID: PMC11267753 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-11289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on hospital service utilization and revenue in Chinese tertiary hospitals and develop an optimal pandemic control strategy (OPCS) for the peak period of the Omicron wave. METHODS Retrospective data from three Chinese tertiary hospitals (provincial, city, and county level) were analyzed for three phases: pre-outbreak (Jan-Apr 2019), outbreak (Jan-Apr 2020), and post-outbreak (Jan-Apr 2021). OPCS was developed under the guidance of the China government pandemic control policy during post-break phase of COVID-19. A decision-tree model was constructed to compare OPCS to strict pandemic control strategy during outbreak phase for the hospital service utilization and hospital revenue in a provincial tertiary hospital during the Omicron wave. RESULTS Outpatient, emergency room (ER) visits, hospitalizations, and intensive care admissions dropped by 33.8-53.4% during the outbreak, with the provincial hospital being the most affected. Hospital revenue also declined, especially for the provincial hospital (40.1%). Post-outbreak, most services recovered, but ER visits remained lower (11.6% decrease for provincial hospital, 46.5% for county hospital). Total income and expenditure decreased, with the provincial hospital experiencing the most significant revenue reduction (45.7%). OPCS showed greater utilization of medical services (31.6 times more outpatient visits; 1.7 times more inpatient days; 3.4% more surgery volume) and higher revenue (¥220.8 million more) compared to the strict pandemic control strategy. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 measures were associated with less hospital service utilization and revenue in Chinese tertiary hospitals. The developed OPCS in Chinese tertiary hospitals, focusing on isolating infected inpatients but not shutting down the hospital facilities exposed to virus, could be effective in optimizing hospital service utilization and hospital revenue during the Omicron wave.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Changsha Normin Health Technology Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinchu Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Liuyang, Changsha, China
| | | | - Anhua Wu
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wendong Chen
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Changsha Normin Health Technology Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoxin Qian
- Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaur M, Kumar A, Kaur S, Nagar PK, Nagi M, Thakur V, Khan R. Adverse Effects of Personal Protective Equipment and Their Self-Practiced Preventive Strategies among the Covid-19 Frontline Health Care Workers. Hosp Top 2024; 102:152-163. [PMID: 35983853 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2022.2112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among the healthcare workers (HCWs) is mandatory. However, PPE associated adverse effects are also there. OBJECTIVE To study the adverse effects associated with PPE and their preventive measures amongst the HCWs. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive study was conducted among 200 HCWs working in a Covid center of a tertiary care center. The participants were sent the questionnaires online. Some of them not having smart phones were interviewed telephonically. Their information profile, the various adverse effects associated with PPE, and the preventive measures being practiced by them were noted. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS Total 97% HCWs reported adverse effects with hazmat suit; 96% with N 95 mask; 92% with goggle and 78% with gloves. The adverse effects associated with the prolonged use of the mask were erythema; erosions and scar at the nasal bridge; ear pain; difficulty in breathing; and headache. Sixty-seven percent of the participants had sweating with the use of gloves, which led to cutaneous exfoliation such as dry hands (55%) and skin itching (43%). Moisturizers and natural oils were used to prevent the dryness of hands. For the pressure related injury over the nasal bridge due to N95 mask, participants used to apply Band-Aid (adhesive bandage) and cotton dressing. CONCLUSION Adverse skin reactions related to PPE are common among HCWs. Comprehensive assessment of the skin condition and awareness on adverse skin reactions should be advocated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kumar
- National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukhpal Kaur
- National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Manisha Nagi
- National Institute of Nursing Education, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishal Thakur
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Reshma Khan
- Nursing Department, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hu YC, Yang YH, Chiang BL. Immunoglobulin A vasculitis: The clinical features and pathophysiology. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:612-620. [PMID: 38828518 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Palpable purpura, gastrointestinal symptoms, joint involvement, and renal disease characterize immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV). Renal involvement ranging from mild proteinuria to severe nephritic or nephrotic syndrome highlights the importance of monitoring kidney function in patients with IgAV. Recognizing these key features is crucial for early diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent long-term complications related to kidney disease. However, the pathogenesis of IgAV remains unclear. Disease mechanisms involve various factors, including the interplay of aberrantly glycosylated IgA, anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and neutrophils following infection triggers, which are the main pathogenic mechanisms of IgAV. Insights from cases of IgAV related to Coronavirus disease 2019 have offered additional understanding of the connection between infection and IgAV pathogenesis. This review provides a valuable resource for healthcare professionals and rheumatology researchers seeking a better understanding of the clinical features and pathophysiology of IgAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chiao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodrigues G, Hiran H, Suprasanna K, Mendonca T, Suresh J. Ptosis and dacryoadenitis following COVID. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:584-586. [PMID: 37078169 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2197580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Rodrigues
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Harshita Hiran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - K Suprasanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Teena Mendonca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jithin Suresh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College and Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Balaha HM, Elgendy M, Alksas A, Shehata M, Alghamdi NS, Taher F, Ghazal M, Ghoneim M, Abdou EH, Sherif F, Elgarayhi A, Sallah M, Abdelbadie Salem M, Kamal E, Sandhu H, El-Baz A. A non-invasive AI-based system for precise grading of anosmia in COVID-19 using neuroimaging. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32726. [PMID: 38975154 PMCID: PMC11226840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus), an acute respiratory disorder, is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome). The high prevalence of COVID-19 infection has drawn attention to a frequent illness symptom: olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The primary purpose of this manuscript is to create a Computer-Assisted Diagnostic (CAD) system to determine whether a COVID-19 patient has normal, mild, or severe anosmia. To achieve this goal, we used fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FLAIR-MRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to extract the appearance, morphological, and diffusivity markers from the olfactory nerve. The proposed system begins with the identification of the olfactory nerve, which is performed by a skilled expert or radiologist. It then proceeds to carry out the subsequent primary steps: (i) extract appearance markers (i.e.,1 s t and2 n d order markers), morphology/shape markers (i.e., spherical harmonics), and diffusivity markers (i.e., Fractional Anisotropy (FA) & Mean Diffusivity (MD)), (ii) apply markers fusion based on the integrated markers, and (iii) determine the decision and corresponding performance metrics based on the most-promising classifier. The current study is unusual in that it ensemble bags the learned and fine-tuned ML classifiers and diagnoses olfactory bulb (OB) anosmia using majority voting. In the 5-fold approach, it achieved an accuracy of 94.1%, a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 92.18%, precision of 91.6%, recall of 90.61%, specificity of 93.75%, F1 score of 89.82%, and Intersection over Union (IoU) of 82.62%. In the 10-fold approach, stacking continued to demonstrate impressive results with an accuracy of 94.43%, BAC of 93.0%, precision of 92.03%, recall of 91.39%, specificity of 94.61%, F1 score of 91.23%, and IoU of 84.56%. In the leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) approach, the model continues to exhibit notable outcomes, achieving an accuracy of 91.6%, BAC of 90.27%, precision of 88.55%, recall of 87.96%, specificity of 92.59%, F1 score of 87.94%, and IoU of 78.69%. These results indicate that stacking and majority voting are crucial components of the CAD system, contributing significantly to the overall performance improvements. The proposed technology can help doctors assess which patients need more intensive clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Magdy Balaha
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mayada Elgendy
- Applied Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alksas
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mohamed Shehata
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Norah Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Computer Sciences, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Taher
- The College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Dubai, 19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahitab Ghoneim
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eslam Hamed Abdou
- Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sherif
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elgarayhi
- Applied Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Sallah
- Applied Theoretical Physics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Elsharawy Kamal
- Otolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Harpal Sandhu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang C, Li X. How should the law respond to emerging infectious diseases: China's experience and considerations in containing COVID-19. J Glob Health 2024; 14:03028. [PMID: 38867679 PMCID: PMC11170232 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
|
18
|
Hermawati FA, Trilaksono BR, Nugroho AS, Imah EM, Lukas, Kamelia T, Mengko TL, Handayani A, Sugijono SE, Zulkarnaien B, Afifi R, Kusumawardhana DB. Detection method of viral pneumonia imaging features based on CT scan images in COVID-19 case study. MethodsX 2024; 12:102507. [PMID: 38204979 PMCID: PMC10776984 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to automatically analyze and extract abnormalities in the lung field due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Types of abnormalities that can be detected are Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) and consolidation. The proposed method can also identify the location of the abnormality in the lung field, that is, the central and peripheral lung area. The location and type of these abnormalities affect the severity and confidence level of a patient suffering from COVID-19. The detection results using the proposed method are compared with the results of manual detection by radiologists. From the experimental results, the proposed system can provide an average error of 0.059 for the severity score and 0.069 for the confidence level. This method has been implemented in a web-based application for general users.•A method to detect the appearance of viral pneumonia imaging features, namely Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) and consolidation on the chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan images.•This method can separate the lung field to the right lung and the left lung, and it also can identify the detected imaging feature's location in the central or peripheral of the lung field.•Severity level and confidence level of the patient's suffering are measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elly Matul Imah
- Data Science Department, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Lukas
- Electrial Engineering Department, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Telly Kamelia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tati L.E.R. Mengko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Astri Handayani
- School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Benny Zulkarnaien
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rahmi Afifi
- Department of Radiology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Public Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hu M, Dong X, Shi Q, Sun Y. Identification of a broad-spectrum high-affinity peptide ligand for the purification of spike proteins. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1723:464912. [PMID: 38643740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, the global demand for vaccines has increased rapidly to prevent infection and protect high-risk populations. However, identifying viral mutations poses an additional challenge for chromatographic purification of vaccines and subunit vaccines. In this study, a new affinity peptide model, X1VX2GLNX3WX4RYSK, was established, and a library of 612 peptides was generated for ligand screening. Based on a multistep strategy of ligand screening, 18 candidate peptides were obtained. The top ranking peptide, LP14 (YVYGLNIWLRYSK), and two other representative peptides, LP02 and LP06, with lower rankings were compared via molecular dynamics simulation. The results revealed that peptide binding to the receptor binding domain (RBD) was driven by hydrophobic interactions and the key residues involved in the binding were identified. Surface plasmon resonance analysis further confirmed that LP14 had the highest affinity for the wild RBD (Kd=0.520 μmol/L), and viral mutation had little influence on the affinity of LP14, demonstrating its great potential as a broad-spectrum ligand for RBD purification. Finally, chromatographic performance of LP14-coupled gel-packed column verified that both wild and omicron RBDs could be purified and were eluted by 0.1 mol/L Gly-HCl buffer (pH 3.0). This research identified a broad-spectrum peptide for RBD purification based on rational design and demonstrated its potential application in the purification of RBDs from complex feedstock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Hu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qinghong Shi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anierobi CM, Obasi CO, Nnamani RG, Ajah BO, Iloma DO, Efobi KO, Nwaoga C, Ngozi A, Okonkwo UT, Innocent Chigbe E. Communal conflicts in Nigeria: Assessment of the impacts on internally displaced persons and settlements amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30200. [PMID: 38707357 PMCID: PMC11066645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acknowledging that violent communal conflicts can lead to increased displacement and overcrowding in IDP camps, this study investigates the impact of such conflicts on internally displaced persons (IDPs) and their camps in Benue State, Nigeria, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a mixed-method approach, 386 IDPs and 20 stakeholders were purposively selected. Based on the research objectives, descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the research objectives. Employing logistics and multi-linear regressions, the data reveal that unregulated access to IDP camps resulted in overcrowding, straining resources like food and shelter. The study identifies economic losses and various challenges stemming from communal conflict and COVID-19, causing chaos, anxiety, and uncertainty in the IDP camps. These findings highlight the urgent need for ongoing humanitarian assistance to alleviate the precarious conditions faced by IDPs and their camps nationwide and recommend that the IDPs camps across the country need constant humanitarian aid to mitigate the various precarious conditions in the camps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Anierobi
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of the Environmental Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Cletus Onyema Obasi
- Department of Religion and Cultural Studies/ Social Sciences Unit, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Rebecca Ginika Nnamani
- Department of Political Science/ Social Sciences Unit, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Okorie Ajah
- Directorate of Research Innovation Consultancy and Extensions, Main Campus, Kampala International University, P.O. Box, 20000, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - David O. Iloma
- Department of Sociology/Criminology and Security Studies, Topfaith University, Mkpatak, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley O. Efobi
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of the Environmental Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere Nwaoga
- Department of Religion and Cultural Studies, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Asadu Ngozi
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna Teresa Okonkwo
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dhabaan G, Jamal H, Ouellette D, Alexander S, Arane K, Campigotto A, Tadros M, Piché-Renaud PP. Detection of OXA-181 Carbapenemase in Shigella flexneri. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1048-1050. [PMID: 38666725 PMCID: PMC11060442 DOI: 10.3201/eid3005.231558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the detection of OXA-181 carbapenemase in an azithromycin-resistant Shigella spp. bacteria in an immunocompromised patient. The emergence of OXA-181 in Shigella spp. bacteria raises concerns about the global dissemination of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales and its implications for the treatment of infections caused by Shigella bacteria.
Collapse
|
22
|
Juttla PK, Ndiritu M, Milliano F, Odongo AO, Mwancha-Kwasa M. Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional survey from Kiambu County, Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297335. [PMID: 38470888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge possessed by healthcare workers (HCWs), along with their attitudes and practices play a vital role in effectively managing a pandemic. This is crucial considering that HCWs are exposed to great risk at the forefront of such crises. We aimed to describe the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kiambu county, Kenya. METHODS A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire was conducted from 11th March 2021 to 12th August 2021. Bloom's cutoff points were used to determine KAP scores (>80%: good, 60-79%: medium and <60% poor). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted, calculating adjusted odds ratios (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval. Spearman's rank correlations were used to examine the relationship between KAP scores. RESULTS 438 HCWs participated in the study, majority of whom were female (64.5%), had obtained a diploma (59.6%) and were informed through government websites (78.6%). 43.0% had good knowledge, 17.5% good attitudes, and 68.4% good practice. 23.0% had medium knowledge, 35.6% medium attitude, 15.7% medium practice, while 34.0% had poor knowledge, 46.9% poor attitude and 15.9% poor practice. Only 68.9% of the caregivers correctly recognized the county's COVID-19 isolation centre and only 7.9% chose the two correct documents for the entry of data for a suspected COVID-19 case. Furthermore, the general attitude towards their own personal safety and their training regarding PPEs (17.8% and 23.8% strongly agreed with the contrary) were less compelling. There was a significant positive association between obtaining information from international government sites [AOR: 1.382 (1.058-1.807); p = 0.0178)] and good knowledge. Referring to local government sites for information regarding COVID-19 produced better attitudes [AOR: 1.710 (1.194-2.465); p = 0.0036] and produced almost twice the odds of having better practice [AOR: 1.800 (1.181-2.681); p = 0.0048]. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and practice (r = -0.330, p = 2.766×10-11), and knowledge and attitude (r = -0.154, p = 6.538×10-3). CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the substantial impact that governing bodies have on shaping favorable KAP. As a result, it's crucial for local government platforms to prioritize the dissemination of up-to-date information that aligns with international standards. This information should be tailored to the specific region, focusing on addressing deficiencies in healthcare practices and patient management. The identification of a significant number of HCWs lacking confidence in managing COVID-19 patients and feeling unprotected underscores a clear need for improvement in their understanding and implementation of preventive measures. This gap can be bridged by adequately equipping HCWs with locally manufactured PPEs. This aspect is crucial for pandemic preparedness, and we further advocate for the creation of a locally produced repository of medical equipment. These actions are pivotal in improving future crisis management capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjot Kaur Juttla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Moses Ndiritu
- Department of Health, County Government of Kiambu, Kiambu, Kenya
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sarfraz A, Sarfraz Z, Bano S, Sarfraz M, Jaan A, Minhas A, Razzack AA, Patel G, Manish KC, Makkar SS, Garimella R, Pandav K, Almonte J, Paul T, Almonte T, Jimenez L, Pantoga JC, El Mazboudi N, Yatzkan G, Michel G, Michel J. Global Perspective on COVID-19 Therapies, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Implications for Long COVID: A State-of-the-Art Review. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2024; 14:58-66. [PMID: 38966504 PMCID: PMC11221457 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many therapies, of which many are repurposed and used for other diseases in the last decade such in Influenza and Ebola. We intend to provide a robust foundation for cardiovascular outcomes of the therapies to better understand the rationale for the clinical trials that were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to gain more clarity on the steps moving forward should the repurposing provide clinical benefit in pandemic situations. With this state-of-the-art review, we aim to improve the understanding of the cardiovascular involvement of the therapies prior to, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic to provide meaningful findings to the cardiovascular specialists and clinical trials for therapies, moving on from the period of pandemic urgency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shehar Bano
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Jaan
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | - Amna Minhas
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore,
Pakistan
| | | | | | - KC Manish
- Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida,
USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Trissa Paul
- Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida,
USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack Michel
- Larkin Health System, South Miami, Florida,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Meletis E, Poulakida I, Perlepe G, Katsea A, Pateras K, Boutlas S, Papadamou G, Gourgoulianis K, Kostoulas P. Early warning of potential epidemics: A pilot application of an early warning tool to data from the pulmonary clinic of the university hospital of Thessaly, Greece. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:401-405. [PMID: 38262075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & METHODS This paper describes a pilot application of the Epidemic Volatility Index (EVI) to data from the pulmonary clinic of the University Hospital of Thessaly, Greece, for monitoring respiratory infections, COVID-19, and flu cases. EVI, a simple and easily implemented early warning method based on the volatility of newly reported cases, exhibited consistent and stable performance in detecting new waves of epidemics. The study highlights the importance of implementing early warning tools to address the effects of epidemics, including containment of outbreaks, timely intervention strategies, and resource allocation within real-world clinical settings as part of a broader public health strategy. RESULTS The results presented in the figures demonstrate the association between successive early warnings and the onset of new waves, providing valuable insights for proactive decision-making. A web-based application enabling real-time monitoring and informed decision-making by healthcare professionals, public health officials, and policymakers was developed. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the significant role of early warning methods in managing epidemics and safeguarding public health. Future research may explore extensions and combinations of multiple warning systems for optimal outbreak interventions and application of the methods in the context of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Poulakida
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Perlepe
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Asimina Katsea
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Pateras
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece; Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht 3508, the Netherlands
| | - Stylianos Boutlas
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgia Papadamou
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gourgoulianis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Thessaly, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang YW, Chien CH, Chiang YH, Liu CY, Huang XY. Social participation, positive affect, and negative affect in postoperative patients with hip fractures: A cross-sectional study. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:303-316. [PMID: 37776243 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231200318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the social participation, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) of patients with hip fractures after surgery and determined their possible predictive factors. We used a cross-sectional study design to recruit 154 participants with hip fractures post-surgery. Assessment tools included the Barthel Index, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, the Assessment of Life Habits, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Patients with better functioning in daily living activities experienced more social participation, higher PA, and lower NA. Patients with more positive automatic thoughts experienced more social participation and higher PA. Patients with more negative automatic thoughts experienced more social participation, lower PA, and higher NA. Early rehabilitation and psychosocial interventions should be provided for postoperative hip fracture patients to improve their activities of daily living and emotional well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital
| | | | | | - Chieh-Yu Liu
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
| | - Xuan-Yi Huang
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Manu E, Douglas M, Kushitor MK, Komesuor J, Ampomah MA, Opoku NO. Lay beliefs of COVID-19 vaccine refusal among intercity commercial drivers in the Volta region of Ghana: recommendations for improved vaccine uptake. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2024; 10:5. [PMID: 38424622 PMCID: PMC10905786 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccine has faced increased hesitancy in Ghana and the Volta region in particular since its rollout. Acceptance of the vaccine among intercity commercial drivers is crucial, especially in the Volta region, as they transport people within and outside the country and could fuel the transmission of the virus if not vaccinated. OBJECTIVE We therefore established lay beliefs surrounding COVID-19 vaccine refusal among intercity commercial drivers in the Volta region of Ghana, as well as their recommendations for improved vaccine uptake. METHODS We purposively interviewed twenty-five (25) intercity commercial drivers who had not been vaccinated for COVID-19 in the Volta region of Ghana using a semi-structured interview guide and analysed their responses thematically using the ATLAS.ti software. RESULTS Various (ten) beliefs surrounding COVID-19 vaccine refusal were identified. These include the nonexistence of COVID-19, being immune to COVID-19, and the belief in the nonexistence of vaccines and vaccines being meant for the sick. Other beliefs identified were the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine is meant to reduce Africa's population, that the vaccine triggers other health complications leading to death, the belief that vaccination could cause financial loss, political mistrust, that the COVID-19 vaccine is not permitted by God, and the belief that prayer prevents COVID-19 infection. They also suggested that the adoption of persuasive communication techniques, the publication of information on those who died of COVID-19, providing evidence of tests conducted on the vaccine, testing people before vaccination, provision of care to those who may experience side effects from the vaccine, and being able to explain why varied vaccines are used for the same virus could help improve vaccine uptake. CONCLUSION Our findings show that there is a general lack of understanding and mistrust surrounding the COVID-19 vaccine among intercity commercial drivers in the Volta region. Hence, health promotion officers and communicators in the region need to be knowledgeable on the vaccine as well as on the conspiracy theories thwarting its uptake to provide comprehensive education to the public and intercity commercial drivers to improve its uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Manu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Mbuyiselo Douglas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Private Bag X1, Mthatha, 5117, South Africa
| | - Mawuli Komla Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Joyce Komesuor
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Mary Akua Ampomah
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Nicholas Obuobisa Opoku
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bergthorsdottir R, Esposito D, Olsson DS, Ragnarsson O, Dahlqvist P, Bensing S, Nåtman J, Johannsson G, Nyberg F. Increased risk of hospitalization, intensive care and death due to COVID-19 in patients with adrenal insufficiency: A Swedish nationwide study. J Intern Med 2024; 295:322-330. [PMID: 37850585 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have excess morbidity and mortality related to infectious disorders. Whether patients with AI have increased morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 is unknown. METHODS In this linked Swedish national register-based cohort study, patients with primary and secondary AI diagnosis were identified and followed from 1 January 2020 to 28 February 2021. They were compared with a control cohort from the general population matched 10:1 for age and sex. The following COVID-19 outcomes were studied: incidence of COVID-19 infection, rates of hospitalization, intensive care admission and death. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusted for socioeconomic factors and comorbidities were estimated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS We identified 5430 patients with AI and 54,300 matched controls: There were 47.6% women, mean age was 57.1 (standard deviation 18.1) years, and the frequency of COVID-19 infection was similar, but the frequency of hospitalization (2.1% vs. 0.8%), intensive care (0.3% vs. 0.1%) and death (0.8% vs. 0.2%) for COVID-19 was higher in AI patients than matched controls. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors and comorbidities, the HR (95% CI) was increased for hospitalization (1.96, 1.59-2.43), intensive care admission (2.76, 1.49-5.09) and death (2.29, 1.60-3.28). CONCLUSION Patients with AI have a similar incidence of COVID-19 infection to a matched control population, but a more than twofold increased risk of developing a severe infection or a fatal outcome. They should therefore be prioritized for vaccination, antiviral therapy and other appropriate treatment to mitigate hospitalization and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ragnhildur Bergthorsdottir
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniela Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel S Olsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Ragnarsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Dahlqvist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sophie Bensing
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sollentuna, Sweden
| | | | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Nyberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han Y, Xu T. Chinese model in global COVID-19 prevention and control: Successful experience, institutional advantages and optimal path. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25701. [PMID: 38352781 PMCID: PMC10862668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevention and control measures adopted by various countries have different effects in the face of COVID-19. The performance in some socialist countries and capitalist countries were compared from three aspects, including the proportion of confirmed cases and deaths to the national population, economic recovery and production and living, social satisfaction and international evaluation. The overall performance of listed socialist countries was better than that of capitalist countries. China's performance, forming a unique Chinese model of the epidemic prevention and control, was better than that of other socialist countries. The successful experience of Chinese model can be mainly reflected in four aspects, including resource allocation, social participation, speed and quality, system and mechanism optimization. The successful experience roots in the four institutional advantages of the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), coordinated national response, basic economic system and traditional Chinese culture. In the future, Chinese government should adhere to the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and improve the public health and emergency management system. Chinese government should accelerate the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. These findings are of great significance in understanding China's prevention and control measures, the institutional advantages and subsequent optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- School of Marxism, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Tong Xu
- School of Marxism, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
González-Sánchez ÓA, Zaldívar D, Cuevas E, González-Ortiz LJ. Mathematical Optimization Strategy for Effectiveness Profile Estimation in Two-Dose Vaccines and Its Use in Designing Improved Vaccination Strategies Focused on Pandemic Containment. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:81. [PMID: 38250894 PMCID: PMC10819090 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since late 2019, most efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on developing vaccines. By mid-2020, some vaccines fulfilled international regulations for their application. However, these vaccines have shown a decline in effectiveness several weeks after the last dose, highlighting the need to optimize vaccine administration due to supply chain limitations. While methods exist to prioritize population groups for vaccination, there is a lack of research on how to optimally define the time between doses when two-dose vaccines are administrated to such groups. Under such conditions, modeling the real effect of each vaccine on the population is critical. Even though several efforts have been made to characterize vaccine effectiveness profiles, none of these initiatives enable characterization of the individual effect of each dose. Thus, this paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the vaccine effectiveness profile. It addresses the vaccine characterization problem by considering a deconvolution of relevant data profiles, treating them as an optimization process. The results of this approach enabled the independent estimation of the effectiveness profiles for the first and second vaccine doses and their use to find sweet spots for designing efficient vaccination strategies. Our methodology can enable a more effective and efficient contemporary response against the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as for any other disease in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar A. González-Sánchez
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Daniel Zaldívar
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - Erik Cuevas
- Division of Technologies for the Cyber-Human Integration, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (D.Z.); (E.C.)
| | - L. Javier González-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering (CUCEI), University of Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Col. Olímpica, Guadalajara CP 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khalifa HO, Al Ramahi YM. After the Hurricane: Anti-COVID-19 Drugs Development, Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:739. [PMID: 38255813 PMCID: PMC10815681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new coronavirus in the Coronaviridae family. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undoubtedly been the largest crisis of the twenty-first century, resulting in over 6.8 million deaths and 686 million confirmed cases, creating a global public health issue. Hundreds of notable articles have been published since the onset of this pandemic to justify the cause of viral spread, viable preventive measures, and future therapeutic approaches. As a result, this review was developed to provide a summary of the current anti-COVID-19 drugs, as well as their timeline, molecular mode of action, and efficacy. It also sheds light on potential future treatment options. Several medications, notably hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir, were initially claimed to be effective in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 but eventually demonstrated inadequate activity, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew hydroxychloroquine. Clinical trials and investigations, on the other hand, have demonstrated the efficacy of remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies, 6-Thioguanine, hepatitis C protease inhibitors, and molnupiravir. Other therapeutics, including inhaled medicines, flavonoids, and aptamers, could pave the way for the creation of novel anti-COVID-19 therapies. As future pandemics are unavoidable, this article urges immediate action and extensive research efforts to develop potent specialized anti-COVID-19 medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Yousef M. Al Ramahi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Koyuncu A, Elagöz İ, Yava A. Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on latex glove usage and latex allergy complaints among nurses: A descriptive study. Work 2024; 78:579-589. [PMID: 38306080 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant increase in the use of latex gloves among nurses. However, concerns about the rise in latex allergies and related complaints due to this increase remain uncertain. OBJECTİVE This study aims to assess the rates of latex glove usage and allergy-related complaints among nurses working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Between May 15 and June 15, 2021, ethical approvals were obtained for a cross-sectional study involving 448 volunteer nurses. Descriptive statistics were used to represent categorical values as counts (n) and percentages (%), while continuous values were represented as mean±standard deviation. The normal distribution of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Comparative analyses were conducted using paired sample t-test, Pearson's chi-squared (x2) test, McNemar's chi-squared (x2) test, and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS Before the pandemic, the average number of invasive procedures was 45.13±26.48, whereas during the pandemic, this rate increased to 50.23±29.14. The average glove usage duration went from 7.69±3.13 hours to 14.73±3.68 hours during the pandemic. Among nurses, the rate of allergic symptoms, which was previously at 31.5%, rose to 33.3% during the pandemic. CONCLUSİON This study revealed a significant increase in daily invasive procedures and the use of latex gloves among nurses during the pandemic period. Simultaneously, the frequency of allergic symptoms also rose. These findings underscore the importance of awareness and preventive measures, particularly regarding latex allergies, in the healthcare field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Koyuncu
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - İslam Elagöz
- Department of Nursing, Yusuf Şerefoğlu Faculty of Health Sciences, Kilis 7Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Ayla Yava
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Țieranu ML, Iovoaica-Rămescu C, Preda A, Zorilă GL, Drocaș I, Istrate-Ofițeru AM, Drăgușin RC, Iliescu DG. Hospitalizations for Obstetrical Conditions During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2024; 50:36-44. [PMID: 38846479 PMCID: PMC11151953 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.50.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the Covid-19 pandemic there have been a drastic decrease in hospitalizations for non-Covid conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trend in hospitalizations for obstetrical conditions during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. METHODS For this study there we used electronical data base in order to search for all the obstetrical patients that were hospitalized in a tertiary maternity, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Craiova, during the pre-pandemic period (between March - December 2019), during pandemics (2020 March - December, 2021 March - December) and post pandemics (2022 March - December). RESULTS The total number of hospitalizations during 2020 dropped by 28% compared to the pre-pandemic year - 2019, and further by 30% in 2021, and by 26% in 2022. In terms of day admissions, a decreasing trend can be observed, with a total of 3230 admissions, from which, 208 in 2020 showing a decrease of 93%, 695 in 2021 with a decrease of 78% and 941 in 2022 with a decrease of 70% compared to 2019.We experienced a significant increase of vaginal birth rate during the pandemic (2020-2021) of 24% that can be attributed to the unavailability of many surrounding low-risk birth units during the pandemic. CONCLUSION The obstetrical conditions hospitalizations dramatically dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic and have not yet recovered to the pre-pandemic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Loredana Țieranu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 20039 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cătălina Iovoaica-Rămescu
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 20039 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Agnesa Preda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - George-Lucian Zorilă
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ileana Drocaș
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Maria Istrate-Ofițeru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Research Centre for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Roxana Cristina Drăgușin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Dominic-Gabriel Iliescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emergency County Hospital of Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Midjani N, Hossaini FA, Sharifi N. Promotion of nutritional behaviors in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: application of the health belief model in primary health care centers. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:278. [PMID: 38110913 PMCID: PMC10729541 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of death in many countries of the world, including Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) on the promotion of nutritional behaviors to prevent CVD among the all people (aged 30-59 years). METHODS This semi-experimental study was conducted on all people (aged 30-59 years) referring to the primary healthcare centers of Jahorm city, southern Iran, from September 2021 to July 2022. In this study, 100 participants (50 participants for the intervention group and 50 for the control group) were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability. Also, the food consumption frequency checklist was used. The educational intervention included holding four sessions, each lasting for 60 min. The methods used for training included lectures, questions and answers, and group discussions. Before the intervention and three months after, the intervention and control groups completed the questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17. RESULTS after the educational intervention, the mean score of knowledge (4.84 ± 0.84; 2.76 ± 1.41; p < 0.001), perceived susceptibility (9.52 ± 1.81; 8.76 ± 1.9; p = 0.004), perceived severity (14.78 ± 1.66; 13.80 ± 2.23; p = 0.015), perceived benefits (10.66 ± 1.79; 7.52 ± 1.99; p < 0.001), perceived barriers (5.92 ± 2.81; 12.68 ± 10.24; p < 0.001) and practice (178.78 ± 14.35; 147.36 ± 13.19; p < 0.001) showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION The results showed that the educational intervention effectively improved people (aged 30-59 years) knowledge and HBM constructs to prevent CVD. Also, improving people's performance regarding CVD prevention behaviors will be successful by implementing an educational intervention based on the HBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Midjani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alsadat Hossaini
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Nader Sharifi
- Department of Public Health, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Suryadi T, Kulsum K. Case Report: Case report: Administration of anticoagulant therapy after neuro-anesthesia procedure for hemorrhagic stroke patients with COVID-19 complications and its ethical and medicolegal consideration. F1000Res 2023; 10:1303. [PMID: 38144172 PMCID: PMC10739180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75630.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethical dilemmas can occur in any situation in clinical medicine. In patients undergoing neuro-anesthesia for surgical procedure evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage with a history of hemorrhagic stroke, anticoagulants should not be given because they can cause recurrent bleeding. Meanwhile, at the same time, the patient could also be infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), one of treatment is the administration of anticoagulants. Methods A case report. A 46-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with a loss of consciousness and was diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage due to a hemorrhagic stroke and was confirmed positive for COVID-19. Giving anticoagulants to patients is considered counterproductive so, an ethical dilemma arises. For this reason, a joint conference was held to obtain the best ethical and medicolegal solutions for the patient. Results By using several methods of resolving ethical dilemmas such as basic ethical principles, supporting ethical principles, and medicolegal considerations, it was decided that the patient was not to be given anticoagulants. Conclusions Giving anticoagulants to hemorrhagic stroke patients is dangerous even though it is beneficial for COVID-19 patients, so here the principle of risk-benefit balance is applied to patients who prioritize risk prevention rather than providing benefits. This is also supported by the prima facie principle by prioritizing the principle of non-maleficence rather than beneficence, the minus malum principle by seeking the lowest risk, and the double effect principle by making the best decision even in a slightly less favorable way as well as the medicolegal aspect by assessing patient safety and risk management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taufik Suryadi
- Ethics and Medicolegal Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medicolegal, Dr.Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23126, Indonesia
| | - Kulsum Kulsum
- Neuro-anesthesia and Critical Care Consultant, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Dr.Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23126, Indonesia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Moyo E, Chimene M, Moyo P, Musuka G, Mangoya D, Murewanhema G, Dzinamarira T. Risk factors and clinical presentations of long COVID in Africa: A scoping review. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1982-1988. [PMID: 37890221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19-related complications can last for years, even in patients who are asymptomatic during the acute phase, a phenomenon referred to as long COVID. This scoping review aimed to summarize the risk factors and clinical symptoms of long COVID in Africa between 2020 and 2022. Five studies were included. Three of the studies used in this review were retrospective cross-sectional studies, one was a prospective cohort study while another one was a case-control study. The review identified several risk factors for long COVID, including being female, being older than 40 years, having more than four acute COVID-19 symptoms, and having concomitant conditions such as asthma, hypertension, and depression. General, respiratory, cardiovascular, otolaryngological, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms were among the reported long COVID symptoms. To ensure that patients with long COVID are diagnosed and treated early, the risk factors and clinical symptoms of long COVID need to be identified for different population groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enos Moyo
- Medical Center Oshakati, Oshakati, Namibia
| | | | | | - Godfrey Musuka
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Derek Mangoya
- The Centre for HIV and AIDS Prevention Studies, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Alhammadin G, Jarrar Y, Madani A, Lee SJ. Exploring the Influence of VDR Genetic Variants TaqI, ApaI, and FokI on COVID-19 Severity and Long-COVID-19 Symptoms. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1663. [PMID: 38138892 PMCID: PMC10744884 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of vitamin D in the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene affect the response to vitamin D and have been linked to various diseases. This study investigated the associations of the major VDR genetic variants ApaI, FokI, and TaqI with the severity and long post-infection symptoms of COVID-19. In total, 100 Jordanian patients with confirmed COVID-19 were genotyped for the VDR ApaI, FokI, and TaqI variants using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. COVID-19 severity, the most commonly reported long-COVID-19 symptoms that lasted for >4 weeks from the onset of infection, and other variables were analyzed according to VDR genetic variants. In this study, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms showed no significant associations with COVID-19 severity (p > 0.05). However, a significant association was detected between the TaqI polymorphism and the severity of symptoms after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (p = 0.04). The wild-type TaqI genotype was typically present in patients with mild illness, whereas the heterozygous TaqI genotype was present in asymptomatic patients. With regard to long-COVID-19 symptoms, the VDR heterozygous ApaI and wild-type TaqI genotypes were significantly associated with persistent fatigue and muscle pain after COVID-19 (p ˂ 0.05). Most carriers of the heterozygous ApaI genotype and carriers of the wild-type TaqI genotype reported experiencing fatigue and muscle pain that lasted for more than 1 month after the onset of COVID-19. Furthermore, the TaqI genotype was associated with persistent shortness of breath after COVID-19 (p = 0.003). Shortness of breath was more common among individuals with homozygous TaqI genotype than among individuals with the wild-type or heterozygous TaqI genotype. VDR TaqI is a possible genetic variant related to both COVID-19 severity and long-COVID-19 symptoms among Jordanian individuals. The associations between VDR TaqI polymorphisms and long-COVID-19 symptoms should be investigated in larger and more diverse ethnic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghayda’ Alhammadin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Abdalla Madani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; (G.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Güngör S, Ediboğlu Ö, Yazıcıoğlu Moçin Ö, Adıgüzel N, Tunçay E, Ekiz İşcanlı İG, Er B, Karakurt Z, Turan S, Deniz Kosovalı B, Mehmet Mutlu N, Kayar D, Gökbulut Bektaş Ş, Uysal E, Seğmen F, Alp G, Erdem D, Has Selmi N, Güven P, Özçelik Z, Ocakcıoğlu M, Yazıcı Özgür C, Yılmaz R, Bilgi Özel D, Cebeci H, Güler B, Cansever C, Çakırca M, İnceöz H, Solmaz İ, Özkan Sipahioğlu F, Macit Aydın E, Dayanır H, Öner SF, Karatepe U, Özen S, Boran M, Ergül DF, Sabri Kasapoğlu U, Acun Delen L, Toy E, Altun K, Albayrak T, Yanal H, Zaim G, Yarar V, Kılınç G, Deniz M, Özdemir E, Garani Soylu V, Yılmaz A, Saygılı SM, Öztürk EK, Ergan B, Eyüpoğlu S, Şahin Y, Yüksel B, Bulut A, Sarıtaş A, Yeniay H, Genç M, Kargın F, Özcan O, Karakoç E, Karaca Ü, Sözütek D, Sarı S, Şenoğlu N, Aygün H, Yiğit AC, Kavruk N, Uzan ÇA, Bıçakcıoğlu M, Solak S, Kutbay Özçelik H, Uluç K, Yıldırım İ, Arar MC, Demirel İ, Küver SU, Özgür ES, Aydın K, Dönmez GE, Aygencel G, Esmaoğlu A, Aydın BS, Tokur ME, Korkmaz Ekren P, Aydemir Y, Çakır Güney B, Erdil ÖY, Tünay A, Bahadır T, Uçkun S, Kocaoğlu N, Ulaş Pınar H, Kutluer Karaca N, Gültekin H, Ayvat P, Belin Özer A, Eroğlu A, Kuyrukluyıldız U, Baytar Ç, Ayoğlu H, Mızrakçı S, Metin H, Pırıl Zanbak Mutlu Ö, Yılmaz H, Tüzüner F. Evaluation of Patients with COVID-19 Followed Up in Intensive Care Units in the Second Year of the Pandemic: A Multicenter Point Prevalence Study. THORACIC RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 25. [PMID: 37994835 PMCID: PMC11160344 DOI: 10.5152/thoracrespract.2023.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A 1-day point prevalence study was planned to obtain country data by determining the clinical characteristics, follow-up and treatment methods of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases that required intensive care unit (ICU) treatment in the second year of the pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS All patients who were hospitalized in the ICUs due to COVID-19 between March 11, 2022, 08.00 am, and March 12, 2022, 08.00 am, were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, intensive care and laboratory data, radiological characteristics, and follow-up results of the patients were recorded. RESULTS A total of 811 patients from 59 centers were included in the study, 59% of the cases were male, and the mean age was 74 ± 14 years. At least one comorbid disease was present in 94% of the cases, and hypertension was the most common. When ICU weight scores were examined, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation-II: 19 (15-27) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: 7 (4-10) were seen. Sepsis was present in 37% (n = 298) of cases. PaO2/FiO2 ratios of the patients were 190 the highest and 150 the lowest and 51% of the cases were followed via invasive mechanical ventilation. On the study day, 73% bilateral involvement was seen on chest x-ray, and ground-glass opacities (52%) were the most common on chest tomography. There was growth in culture in 40% (n = 318) of the cases, and the most common growth was in the tracheal aspirate (42%). CONCLUSION The clinical course of COVID-19 is variable, and ICU follow-up was required due to advanced age, comorbidity, presence of respiratory symptoms, and widespread radiological involvement. The need for respiratory support and the presence of secondary infection are important issues to be considered in the follow-up. Despite the end of the second year of the pandemic and vaccination, the high severity of the disease as well as the need for follow-up in ICUs has shown that COVID-19 is an important health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Güngör
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Ediboğlu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Health Sciences İzmir Dr. Suat Şeren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yazıcıoğlu Moçin
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nalan Adıgüzel
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eylem Tunçay
- Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İnşa Gül Ekiz İşcanlı
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrin Er
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Karakurt
- Department of Respiratory Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Turan
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Nevzat Mehmet Mutlu
- Department of Critical Care, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kayar
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Elmas Uysal
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Seğmen
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürayalp Alp
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Erdem
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazan Has Selmi
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Güven
- Department of Intensive Care, Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency and Pandemic Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Özçelik
- Department of Intensive Care, Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency and Pandemic Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ocakcıoğlu
- Sancaktepe Şehit Prof. Dr. İlhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Yazıcı Özgür
- İstanbul Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Yılmaz
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Bilgi Özel
- University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Cebeci
- University of Health Sciences, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Güler
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Bakırköy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Canan Cansever
- University of Health Sciences Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Hansa İnceöz
- University of Health Sciences Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Solmaz
- University of Health Sciences Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Özkan Sipahioğlu
- Department of Intensive Care, Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eda Macit Aydın
- Department of Intensive Care, Clinic of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Dayanır
- University of Health Sciences Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Serkan Özen
- Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Maruf Boran
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Şerafettin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Dursun Fırat Ergül
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Şerafettin Training and Research Hospital, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Umut Sabri Kasapoğlu
- Department of Intensive Care, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Leman Acun Delen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Erol Toy
- Karabük Training and Research Hospital, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Koray Altun
- Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | - Hülya Yanal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İlhan Özdemir Public Hospital, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Gizem Zaim
- Giresun Prof. Dr. A. İlhan Özdemir Public Hospital, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Volkan Yarar
- Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Deniz
- Department of Intensive Care, İzzet Baysal State Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | - Veysel Garani Soylu
- Department of General Intensive Care, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Yılmaz
- Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Saba Mukaddes Saygılı
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Health Sciences İzmir Dr. Suat Şeren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ejder Kamil Öztürk
- Department of Intensive Care, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Ergan
- Department of Intensive Care, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Yiğit Şahin
- Giresun University Training and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Beyza Yüksel
- Giresun Training and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Azime Bulut
- Giresun Training and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Aykut Sarıtaş
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Health Sciences İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hicret Yeniay
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, University of Health Sciences İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mürşide Genç
- University of Health Sciences Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçıoğlu City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Kargın
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Kartal Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Özcan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ebru Karakoç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ümran Karaca
- University of Health Sciences Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Traning and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Didem Sözütek
- Department of Intensive Care, University of Health Sciences Adana City Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sema Sarı
- Niğde Training and Research Hospital, Çankaya, Turkey
| | - Nimet Şenoğlu
- Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aygün
- Bakırçay University Çiğli Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Nilgün Kavruk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Bıçakcıoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Kutbay Özçelik
- University of Health Sciences Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Kamuran Uluç
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Yıldırım
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Eylem Sercan Özgür
- Department of Chest Diseases, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Gül Erdal Dönmez
- University of Health Sciences Süreyyapaşa Chest Disease and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülbin Aygencel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aliye Esmaoğlu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Berrak Sebil Aydın
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Karadeniz Ereğli Public Hospital, Ereğli, Turkey
| | | | - Pervin Korkmaz Ekren
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Aydemir
- Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Başak Çakır Güney
- University of Health Sciences Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Yavuz Erdil
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Tünay
- University of Health Sciences İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Serkan Uçkun
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Nazan Kocaoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Balıkesir University Faculty of Medicine, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Ulaş Pınar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, KTO Karatay University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kutluer Karaca
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Hamza Gültekin
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ayvat
- İzmir Democracy University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Belin Özer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Eroğlu
- Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Çağdaş Baytar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hilal Ayoğlu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Metin
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Hakan Yılmaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tüzüner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ufuk University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Broujeni RB, Kamalzadeh H, Ahmadi Z, Abedini S. Through the eyes of nurses: a content analysis of nurses' experiences in caring for COVID-19 patients. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:431. [PMID: 37968637 PMCID: PMC10647166 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current global climate, the nursing staff has placed a significant emphasis on developing effective self-protection strategies and implementing measures to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, with a particular focus on the highly communicable COVID-19 virus. Ensuring the safety and well-being of both healthcare providers and patients has made it imperative to incorporate this aspect into healthcare provision. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to describe the experiences of nurses in providing care for patients infected with COVID-19. METHODOLOGY This qualitative content analysis study, following COREQ guidelines, involved 18 nurses who were taking care of COVID-19 patients at Shahid Mohamadi Hospital, a general hospital in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province. The hospital is affiliated with Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences and the research was conducted in 2022.The sampling method was purposive, and unstructured interviews were used. Data collection continued until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was performed continuously and concurrently through the collection of data using conventional content analysis methods. FINDINGS The qualitative analysis of the data revealed three main themes centered on challenges related to nurses' self-care, patient care, and the healthcare delivery system. CONCLUSION Overall, to address the challenges faced by healthcare providers caring for COVID-19 patients, their needs must be prioritized. This includes establishing a prepared healthcare system, implementing strategies to protect their well-being, and learning from their experiences for future disease outbreaks and disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Beigi Broujeni
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hesamaddin Kamalzadeh
- Department of Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Zakieh Ahmadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hormozgan University of Medical Science, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Samireh Abedini
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Allahverdiyeva A, Ağaçfidan A, Dogan L, Önel M, Uysal HK, Medetalibeyoğlu A, Şenkal N, Alaskarov E, Meşe S. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients with Suspected Reinfection. Viruses 2023; 15:2222. [PMID: 38005899 PMCID: PMC10675471 DOI: 10.3390/v15112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the reinfection rates and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 RNA present in their clinical specimens for COVID-19. Our data from the COVID-19 Laboratory of Istanbul University were analyzed for 27,240 cases between 27 March 2020 to 8 February 2022. Demographic characteristics, vaccination statuses, comorbidities, and laboratory findings were evaluated in cases with suspected reinfection, as determined by the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at a rate of 0.3% in clinical specimens. When comparing laboratory values, leukocyte counts were lower in the second and third infections compared with the first infection (p = 0.035), and neutrophil counts were lower in the second infection (p = 0.009). Symptoms varied, with coughing being common in the first infection and malaise being common in subsequent infections. These results suggest that it is important to continue to monitor reinfection rates and develop strategies to prevent reinfection. Our results also suggest that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of reinfection and monitor patients for recurrent symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aytaj Allahverdiyeva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34126, Turkey;
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku 370022, Azerbaijan
| | - Ali Ağaçfidan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (A.A.); (M.Ö.); (H.K.U.)
| | - Lerzan Dogan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34126, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Önel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (A.A.); (M.Ö.); (H.K.U.)
| | - Hayriye Kırkoyun Uysal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (A.A.); (M.Ö.); (H.K.U.)
| | - Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (A.M.); (N.Ş.)
| | - Naci Şenkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (A.M.); (N.Ş.)
| | - Elvin Alaskarov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34230, Turkey
| | - Sevim Meşe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey; (A.A.); (M.Ö.); (H.K.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ahmadi Marzaleh M, Peyravi M, Shokrpour N, Khaledi F, Shaikhy R, Saadatmand V, Khaledi H. Preparedness of Iranian nurses against COVID-19: An analytical study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1672. [PMID: 37915366 PMCID: PMC10616359 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The reasons for the unfavorable performance of hospitals in providing care to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients include the lack of preparation, knowledge, and relevant skills, making it necessary to evaluate the preparedness of nurses to respond to COVID-19. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the preparedness of hospitals affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Methods In this analytical study, data were collected from 350 randomly selected nurses who worked in three hospitals affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; demographic information tools and the preparation of nurses for COVID-19 patients were used to collect the data. We analyzed the data using SPSS software version 26. Results The mean and standard deviation of the total preparation score was 118.85 ± 0.98. The lowest (6.80 ± 0.18) and highest (23.35 ± 0.19) average values belonged to risk assessment and management and COVID-19, respectively. The score of nurses' preparedness to deal with COVID-19 was not statistically correlated with age, work experience, and so on. The average preparation score was significantly different in different treatment departments (operating room and COVID-19). Conclusion The preparation of nurses was low in dealing with COVID-19. Thus, managers of nursing services should design and implement educational programs to strengthen the nurses' weaknesses and ultimately increase their awareness and skills in dealing with disasters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
- Department of Health in Disasters and EmergenciesSchool of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Mahmoudreza Peyravi
- Department of Health in Disasters and EmergenciesSchool of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Nasrin Shokrpour
- Department of English LanguageFaculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Firouz Khaledi
- Faculty of NursingShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Rahimali Shaikhy
- Faculty of NursingShahrekord University of Medical SciencesShahrekordIran
| | - Vahid Saadatmand
- Department of Health in Disasters and EmergenciesSchool of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Hassan Khaledi
- Department of Health in Disasters and EmergenciesSchool of Management and Medical Informatics, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Brooks SK, Greenberg N. The Well-Being of Companion Animal Caregivers and Their Companion Animals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3294. [PMID: 37894018 PMCID: PMC10604194 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on animal caregivers and their companion animals in order to inform responses to future crises. Prior research is inconsistent, with the benefits of animal companionship believed to be overstated. In this scoping review, we searched four electronic databases and hand-searched reference lists of included studies. Over 4000 citations were found, and 122 were included in the review. Reflecting on the pre-COVID literature, quantitative evidence of the association between psychological well-being and animal companionship during the pandemic was mixed, with numerous positive, negative, and null findings reported. Studies highlighted the benefits of animal companionship during the pandemic, with animals reported to provide their caregivers with a routine, a sense of greater purpose, a positive distraction from COVID-19, companionship, and emotional support. However, participants also reported concerns about meeting animals' needs, fears of animals catching or spreading the virus, and financial worries. Concerns about what would happen to animals if caregivers were hospitalized led some to delay COVID-19 testing or treatment. Animals also experienced benefits (such as increased companionship and calmer mood) and negative impacts (such as increased clinginess and separation anxiety). Companion animals should be a key consideration in emergency preparedness plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Brooks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RJ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Majiya H, Aliyu-Paiko M, Balogu VT, Musa DA, Salihu IM, Kawu AA, Bashir IY, Sani AR, Baba J, Muhammad AT, Jibril FL, Bala E, Obaje NG, Aliyu YB, Muhammad RG, Mohammed H, Gimba UN, Uthman A, Liman HM, Alhaji SA, James JK, Makusidi MM, Isah MD, Abdullahi I, Ndagi U, Waziri B, Bisallah CI, Dadi-Mamud NJ, Ibrahim K, Adamu AK. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State: Pilot Cross-Sectional Study. JMIRX MED 2023; 4:e29587. [PMID: 37855218 PMCID: PMC10595504 DOI: 10.2196/29587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is causing ongoing human and socioeconomic losses. Objective To know how far the virus has spread in Niger State, Nigeria, a pilot study was carried out to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, patterns, dynamics, and risk factors in the state. Methods A cross-sectional study design and clustered, stratified random sampling strategy were used to select 185 test participants across the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM rapid test kits (colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow system) were used to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to the virus in the blood of sampled participants across Niger State from June 26 to 30, 2020. The test kits were validated using the blood samples of some of the Nigeria Center for Disease Control-confirmed positive and negative COVID-19 cases in the state. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM test results were entered into the Epi Info questionnaire administered simultaneously with each test. Epi Info was then used to calculate the arithmetic mean and percentage, odds ratio, χ2 statistic, and regression at a 95% CI of the data generated. Results The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Niger State was found to be 25.4% (47/185) and 2.2% (4/185) for the positive IgG and IgM results, respectively. Seroprevalence among age groups, genders, and occupations varied widely. The COVID-19 asymptomatic rate in the state was found to be 46.8% (22/47). The risk analyses showed that the chances of infection are almost the same for both urban and rural dwellers in the state. However, health care workers, those who experienced flulike symptoms, and those who had contact with a person who traveled out of Nigeria in the last 6 months (February to June 2020) were at double the risk of being infected with the virus. More than half (101/185, 54.6%) of the participants in this study did not practice social distancing at any time since the pandemic started. Participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 are also discussed. Conclusions The observed Niger State SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and infection patterns meansuggest that the virus has widely spread, far more SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred than the reported cases, and there is a high asymptomatic COVID-19 rate across the state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini Majiya
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Aliyu-Paiko
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Tochukwu Balogu
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Achimugu Musa
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Maikudi Salihu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ishaku Yakubu Bashir
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Rabiu Sani
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - John Baba
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Amina Tako Muhammad
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Fatimah Ladidi Jibril
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Bala
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu George Obaje
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Badeggi Aliyu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Ramatu Gogo Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Mohammed
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Usman Naji Gimba
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abduljelili Uthman
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Muhammad Liman
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Geography, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Abdullahi
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Computer Science, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Umar Ndagi
- Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialised Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Bala Waziri
- Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Specialised Hospital, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Naomi John Dadi-Mamud
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Kolo Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| | - Abu Kasim Adamu
- Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
- Department of Biology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kaswandani N, Medise BE, Leonard E, Satari HI, Sundoro J, Hadinegoro SRH, Putra A, Angkasa PF. Safety profile of inactivated COVID-19 in healthy adults aged ≥ 18 years: A passive surveillance in Indonesia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286484. [PMID: 37824453 PMCID: PMC10569643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Indonesia has shown effectiveness in reducing the morbidity and mortality of Covid-19. The study aims to evaluate the incidence rate and severity of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during the first quarter of 2021 until the second quarter of 2022 in Indonesia. More than two hundred million Sinovac/CoronaVac were given from January 13th, 2021, until June 30th, 2022. Data for this study were collected manually and electronically from the national vaccine safety website managed by the National Committee (NC) of AEFI Indonesia and the Ministry of Health Indonesia. The total number of injections observed in the study was 264,311,992 doses consisting of 142,449,795 (first dose), 121,613,324 (second dose), and 248,873 (booster dose). Of the injections given, 301 subjects with Serious AEFIs (SAE) and 10.261 subjects with non-serious AEFIs (AE) reported, with a majority of SAE and AEs found in the first dose. Most of the SAEs were classified as coincidental events by the NC AEFI (IR 0.8/1 million doses on first dose injection; 0.31 on second dose injection). ISRR (immunization stress-related response) is in the second rank of SAEs reported (0.59 IR/1 million doses on the first dose; 0.14 on the second dose). The incidence rate of SAEs and AEs, both in the variable of age, sex, and symptoms per 1 million dose injections in Indonesia, was very rare according to WHO guidelines. Most SAEs were classified as coincidences or unrelated to the vaccine. The result showed that the Sinovac/CoronaVac in Indonesia is safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastiti Kaswandani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bernie Endyarni Medise
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Elcha Leonard
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hindra Irawan Satari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Julitasari Sundoro
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Rezeki Harun Hadinegoro
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child Health, University of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ade Putra
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Putra Fajar Angkasa
- National Adverse Events Following Immunization (NC AEFI) of Indonesia, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nouri F, Jamalimoghadam N, Edraki M, Mirshah E. The Effect of Virtual Education in Parenting Skills on the Parenting Sense of Competence in First-time Mothers with a 0-2-year-old Baby: A Quasi-experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY BASED NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2023; 11:270-277. [PMID: 37901184 PMCID: PMC10611925 DOI: 10.30476/ijcbnm.2023.97709.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Parental competence is a key aspect of parenting. Since they have no previous experience of having a baby, first-time mothers should acquire certain skills to be competent enough in caring for their baby. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education in parenting skills on the parenting competence of first-time mothers with a 0-2-year-old baby. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted through convenience sampling; 72 first-time mothers were selected from 12 healthcare centers, 62 of whom met the criteria for entering the study, and divided into an experimental (n=31) and a control (n=31) group. The mothers in the experimental group received virtual education in parenting skills in six sessions, each lasting 10 minutes for two weeks. The data were collected using a demographics questionnaire and Gibaud-Wallston's parenting sense of competence scale. Sense of competence was assessed in three stages: before, immediately after, and one month after the completion of the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22 at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results Results showed a statistically significant increase in the experimental group's parenting competence mean score immediately and one month after the intervention (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the study groups as measured immediately after (P=0.043) and one month after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion Virtual education of parenting skills could have a positive impact on the mothers' parenting competence. It is suggested that first-time mothers should be educated in parenting skills on a face-to-face basis in maternity wards and online after discharge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Jamalimoghadam
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Edraki
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Mirshah
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alves NS, Azevedo AS, Dias BM, Horbach IS, Setatino BP, Denani CB, Schwarcz WD, Lima SMB, Missailidis S, Ano Bom APD, Silva AMV, Barreto Vieira DF, Silva MAN, Barros CA, Carvalho CAM, Gonçalves RB. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vero Cells by Bovine Lactoferrin under Different Iron-Saturation States. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1352. [PMID: 37895823 PMCID: PMC10609673 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid mass vaccination against COVID-19, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, such as omicron, is still a great distress, and new therapeutic options are needed. Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein available in unsaturated (apo-bLf) and saturated (holo-bLf) forms, has been shown to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against many viruses. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of both forms of bLf at 1 mg/mL against infection of Vero cells by SARS-CoV-2. As assessed with antiviral assays, an equivalent significant reduction in virus infection by about 70% was observed when either form of bLf was present throughout the infection procedure with the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral or omicron strain. This inhibitory effect seemed to be concentrated during the early steps of virus infection, since a significant reduction in its efficiency by about 60% was observed when apo- or holo-bLf were incubated with the cells before or during virus addition, with no significant difference between the antiviral effects of the distinct iron-saturation states of the protein. However, an ultrastructural analysis of bLf treatment during the early steps of virus infection revealed that holo-bLf was somewhat more effective than apo-bLf in inhibiting virus entry. Together, these data suggest that bLf mainly acts in the early events of SARS-CoV-2 infection and is effective against the ancestral virus as well as its omicron variant. Considering that there are no effective treatments to COVID-19 with tolerable toxicity yet, bLf shows up as a promising candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia S. Alves
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Adriana S. Azevedo
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Brenda M. Dias
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Ingrid S. Horbach
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Bruno P. Setatino
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Caio B. Denani
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Waleska D. Schwarcz
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Sheila Maria B. Lima
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Sotiris Missailidis
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Ana Paula D. Ano Bom
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Andréa M. V. Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.A.); (A.S.A.); (B.M.D.); (I.S.H.); (B.P.S.); (C.B.D.); (W.D.S.); (S.M.B.L.); (S.M.); (A.P.D.A.B.); (A.M.V.S.)
| | - Débora F. Barreto Vieira
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (D.F.B.V.); (M.A.N.S.)
| | - Marcos Alexandre N. Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Morfogênese Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (D.F.B.V.); (M.A.N.S.)
| | - Caroline A. Barros
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto M. Carvalho
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém 66095-662, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-040, RJ, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ho C, Nazarie WFWM, Lee PC. An In Silico Design of Peptides Targeting the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Viruses 2023; 15:1930. [PMID: 37766336 PMCID: PMC10536081 DOI: 10.3390/v15091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, invades host cells via its spike protein, which includes critical binding regions, such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), the S1/S2 cleavage site, the S2 cleavage site, and heptad-repeat (HR) sections. Peptides targeting the RBD and HR1 inhibit binding to host ACE2 receptors and the formation of the fusion core. Other peptides target proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and cathepsin L, to prevent the cleavage of the S protein. However, research has largely ignored peptides targeting the S1/S2 cleavage site. In this study, bioinformatics was used to investigate the binding of the S1/S2 cleavage site to host proteases, including furin, trypsin, TMPRSS2, matriptase, cathepsin B, and cathepsin L. Peptides targeting the S1/S2 site were designed by identifying binding residues. Peptides were docked to the S1/S2 site using HADDOCK (High-Ambiguity-Driven protein-protein DOCKing). Nine peptides with the lowest HADDOCK scores and strong binding affinities were selected, which was followed by molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) for further investigation. Among these peptides, BR582 and BR599 stand out. They exhibited relatively high interaction energies with the S protein at -1004.769 ± 21.2 kJ/mol and -1040.334 ± 24.1 kJ/mol, respectively. It is noteworthy that the binding of these peptides to the S protein remained stable during the MDSs. In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of peptides targeting the S1/S2 cleavage site as a means to prevent SARS-CoV-2 from entering cells, and contributes to the development of therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chian Ho
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.H.); (W.F.W.M.N.)
| | - Wan Fahmi Wan Mohamad Nazarie
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.H.); (W.F.W.M.N.)
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (C.H.); (W.F.W.M.N.)
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dave B, Shah KC, Chorawala MR, Shah N, Patel P, Patel S, Shah P. Molnupiravir: an antiviral drug against COVID-19. Arch Virol 2023; 168:252. [PMID: 37710056 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05881-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, has caused numerous deaths worldwide and poses significant challenges. Researchers have recently studied a new antiviral drug called molnupiravir for treating COVID-19. This review examines the causes and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19, as well as the role of molnupiravir in its treatment. Molnupiravir is a prodrug of β-D-N4-hydroxyctytidine (NHC) and has demonstrated activity against various viruses, including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza virus. The active form of molnupiravir, NHC triphosphate, acts as a nucleoside analog that disrupts viral replication by causing mutations in the viral RNA, thereby inhibiting viral growth. This review summarizes the results of multiple clinical trials that have evaluated the effectiveness of molnupiravir against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Animal studies have also shown that molnupiravir significantly reduces the viral load and prevents transmission to other animals. Overall, molnupiravir has demonstrated strong efficacy and reasonable safety, reducing hospitalization rates by nearly 50% among COVID-19-positive individuals at risk of complications. Patients in clinical settings have tolerated molnupiravir well and experienced positive outcomes, such as clearance of viral RNA, decreased viral load, and reduced hospitalization rates. Additionally, compared to a placebo, molnupiravir has been associated with lower mortality rates. Therefore, molnupiravir can be a beneficial drug to treat patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2, and further studies can provide more information about its safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavarth Dave
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380 009, India
| | - Kashvi C Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380 009, India
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380 009, India.
| | - Nirav Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380015, India
| | - Pranjal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380015, India
| | - Suzan Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SAL Institute of Pharmacy, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380015, India
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, K. B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gh-6, Sector-23, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382023, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ngo C, Fried W, Aliyari S, Feng J, Qin C, Zhang S, Yang H, Shanaa J, Feng P, Cheng G, Chen XS, Zhang C. Alkyne as a Latent Warhead to Covalently Target SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12237-12248. [PMID: 37595260 PMCID: PMC10510381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for improved therapy to better control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The main protease Mpro plays a pivotal role in SARS-CoV-2 replications, thereby representing an attractive target for antiviral development. We seek to identify novel electrophilic warheads for efficient, covalent inhibition of Mpro. By comparing the efficacy of a panel of warheads installed on a common scaffold against Mpro, we discovered that the terminal alkyne could covalently modify Mpro as a latent warhead. Our biochemical and X-ray structural analyses revealed the irreversible formation of the vinyl-sulfide linkage between the alkyne and the catalytic cysteine of Mpro. Clickable probes based on the alkyne inhibitors were developed to measure target engagement, drug residence time, and off-target effects. The best alkyne-containing inhibitors potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell infection models. Our findings highlight great potentials of alkyne as a latent warhead to target cystine proteases in viruses and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chau Ngo
- Department
of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - William Fried
- Molecular
and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Saba Aliyari
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joshua Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Chao Qin
- Section
of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanjing Yang
- Molecular
and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jean Shanaa
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Section
of Infection and Immunity, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaojiang S. Chen
- Molecular
and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Boopathi V, Nahar J, Murugesan M, Subramaniyam S, Kong BM, Choi SK, Lee CS, Ling L, Yang DU, Yang DC, Mathiyalagan R, Chan Kang S. In silico and in vitro inhibition of host-based viral entry targets and cytokine storm in COVID-19 by ginsenoside compound K. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19341. [PMID: 37809955 PMCID: PMC10558348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged as an epidemic, causing a respiratory disease with multiple severe symptoms and deadly consequences. ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 play crucial and synergistic roles in the membrane fusion and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE-2 receptor for viral entry, while TMPRSS2 proteolytically cleaves the S protein into S1 and S2 subunits, promoting membrane fusion. Therefore, ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 are potential drug targets for treating COVID-19, and their inhibition is a promising strategy for treatment and prevention. This study proposes that ginsenoside compound K (G-CK), a triterpenoid saponin abundant in Panax Ginseng, a dietary and medicinal herb highly consumed in Korea and China, effectively binds to and inhibits ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 expression. We initially conducted an in-silico evaluation where G-CK showed a high affinity for the binding sites of the two target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we evaluated the stability of G-CK using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns, followed by MM-PBSA calculations. The MD simulations and free energy calculations revealed that G-CK has stable and favorable energies, leading to strong binding with the targets. Furthermore, G-CK suppressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in A549, Caco-2, and MCF7 cells at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL and in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 6.5 μg/mL, without significant cytotoxicity.ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression were significantly lower in A549 and RAW 264.7 cells following G-CK treatment. These findings suggest that G-CK may evolve as a promising therapeutic against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Boopathi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | | | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Choi
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd, 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32718 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soon Lee
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd, 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32718 Republic of Korea
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang CY, Chen CC. The COVID-19 pandemic has impeded cytopathology practices and hindered cancer screening and management. Cytopathology 2023; 34:406-416. [PMID: 37332230 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact on the environment and economy and has affected hospital administration and patient behaviour. Since human-to-human coronavirus transmission occurs via droplets and physical contact, health care professionals are particularly vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. Many cytopathology laboratories updated their workflow, established new standard biosafety protocols, and built digital pathology or telescope platforms to mitigate these risks and deal with the shortage of health care personnel. The COVID-19 pandemic also disrupted medical education-all indoor training events, including conferences, multidisciplinary tumour boards, seminars, and microscope inspections were postponed. As a result, many laboratories now use new web-based applications and platforms to maintain educational programs and multidisciplinary tumour boards. To comply with government directives, health care facilities postponed non-emergency surgeries, reduced the number of routine medical examinations, restricted visitor numbers, and scaled back cancer screening activities, resulting in a sharp decline in cytopathology diagnoses, cancer screening specimens, and molecular testing for cancer. Subsequent misses or delays in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer were not uncommon. This review aims to provide comprehensive summaries of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for cytopathology, particularly in terms of cancer diagnosis, workload, human resources, and molecular testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|