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Yuan W, Chen M, Chen Y, Xu D, Li Z, Bai H, Xu Q, Jiang Y, Gu J, Li S, Su C, Gu L, Fang J, Zhu X, Sun J, Chen J. Effects of soy protein-rich meals on muscle health of older adults in long-term care: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrition 2024; 126:112507. [PMID: 39003895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of a soy protein-rich meal intervention on the muscle health of older adults in long-term care facilities. METHODS A 12-week single-center randomized controlled trial with a control-group and open-label design was conducted. Eighty-four older adults from a long-term care facility participated in the study. The chefs at the facility cooked three meals using soy protein-rich recipes designed by dieticians. For 12 weeks, the intervention group participants consumed three meals with 30 g of soy protein (10 g/meal) per day, and the control group participants maintained their habitual diets. RESULTS The 84 participants (mean age, 84.9 ± 7.0 years; 61.9% female) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (43 participants) and a control group (41 participants). The intervention group exhibited significant increases in several lean mass indicators, namely soft lean mass (mean, 1.43 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20-1.65 kg), skeletal muscle mass (mean, 1.20 kg; 95% CI: 0.43-1.96 kg), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (mean, 0.79 kg; 95% CI: 0.07-1.52 kg), and skeletal muscle index (mean, 0.37 kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.05-0.68 kg/m2) (all P < 0.05). These changes were not observed in the control group (all P > 0.05). Notably, calf circumference decreased significantly in the control group (mean, -0.98 cm; 95% CI: -1.61 to -0.36 cm) but was maintained in the intervention group. The differences in the calf circumference and 6-m walk performance of the two groups were significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 12-week soy protein-rich meal intervention improved the muscle mass and 6-m walk performance of older adults in a long-term care facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuke Yuan
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Chen
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Danfeng Xu
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Bai
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqi Li
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Su
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Shanghai XiJiao Union Retirement Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Shanghai XiJiao Union Retirement Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyao Zhu
- Shanghai XiJiao Union Retirement Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqin Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China; Clinical Nutrition Center, Fudan University Affiliated to Hua Dong Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Shanghai Elderly Nutrition and Health Quality Control Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Geriatrics, Fudan University Affiliated to HuaDong Hospital, Shanghai, China
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McMullen MK. Many foods are more acid-forming than acid-alkaline formulas indicate. Nutr Health 2024; 30:419-427. [PMID: 37700671 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231200677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Foods contain substances impacting the acid-base balance. The Western diet is often viewed as being overly acid due to its high-level of animal-based protein and low-level of vegetable intake. Meanwhile, with ageing the ability to excrete acid compounds is reduced as kidney function declines and so there is a risk of acid retention and subsequent interstitial acidosis. Two systems used for calculating the Dietary Acid Load (DAL): the potential acid load of foods (PRAL) and the net endogenous acid production (NEAP). This report outlines weaknesses in these formulas and concludes that dietitians and nutritionists lack the necessary tools to research the acid-base hypothesis. Additionally, the report emphasizes the importance of food selection in the ageing population. Background: Foods contain substances impacting the acid-base balance. The Western diet is often viewed as being overly acid due to its high-level of animal-based protein and low-level of vegetable intake. There are concerns that the disproportionate acid intake promotes low-grade metabolic acidosis in the interstitial fluid, interstitial acidosis, and may lead to chronic disease. Two formulas are used for calculating the DAL: the PRAL and the NEAP. Both PRAL and NEAP are based on levels of protein and minerals. Aim: To identify additional food constituents that impact DAL. Methods: Review of the literature concerning the acid-forming and alkaline-forming constituents of foods. Results: Five additional food constituents were identified as potentially having a meaningful impact on DAL. The oxidation of taurine and the metabolism of fructose and purines increase acidity, whereas organic acids increase alkalinity. Additionally, polyphenols affect the microbiota which break down uric acid excreted in the intestinal tract. Conclusions: Neither PRAL nor NEAP provides complete assessments of the impact of foods on DAL. These formulas could be improved by the inclusion of dietary amino acids rather than protein, taurine, purines, fructose, organic acids and polyphenols. Currently, dietitians and nutritionists lack the necessary tools both to research the acid-base hypothesis and recommend managed diets. Managed diets are of particular importance for the elderly because of their reduced kidney function which increases the risk of acid retention and subsequent interstitial acidosis.
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Volek JS, Kackley ML, Buga A. Nutritional Considerations During Major Weight Loss Therapy: Focus on Optimal Protein and a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:422-443. [PMID: 38814519 PMCID: PMC11327213 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Considering the high prevalence of obesity and related metabolic impairments in the population, the unique role nutrition has in weight loss, reversing metabolic disorders, and maintaining health cannot be overstated. Normal weight and well-being are compatible with varying dietary patterns, but for the last half century there has been a strong emphasis on low-fat, low-saturated fat, high-carbohydrate based approaches. Whereas low-fat dietary patterns can be effective for a subset of individuals, we now have a population where the vast majority of adults have excess adiposity and some degree of metabolic impairment. We are also entering a new era with greater access to bariatric surgery and approval of anti-obesity medications (glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues) that produce substantial weight loss for many people, but there are concerns about disproportionate loss of lean mass and nutritional deficiencies. RECENT FINDINGS No matter the approach used to achieve major weight loss, careful attention to nutritional considerations is necessary. Here, we examine the recent findings regarding the importance of adequate protein to maintain lean mass, the rationale and evidence supporting low-carbohydrate and ketogenic dietary patterns, and the potential benefits of including exercise training in the context of major weight loss. While losing and sustaining weight loss has proven challenging, we are optimistic that application of emerging nutrition science, particularly personalized well-formulated low-carbohydrate dietary patterns that contain adequate protein (1.2 to 2.0 g per kilogram reference weight) and achieve the beneficial metabolic state of euketonemia (circulating ketones 0.5 to 5 mM), is a promising path for many individuals with excess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 305 Annie & John Glenn Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Madison L Kackley
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 305 Annie & John Glenn Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alex Buga
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, 305 Annie & John Glenn Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Volkert D, Delzenne N, Demirkan K, Schneider S, Abbasoglu O, Bahat G, Barazzoni R, Bauer J, Cuerda C, de van der Schueren M, Doganay M, Halil M, Lehtisalo J, Piccoli GB, Rolland Y, Sengul Aycicek G, Visser M, Wickramasinghe K, Wirth R, Wunderle C, Zanetti M, Cederholm T. Nutrition for the older adult - Current concepts. Report from an ESPEN symposium. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1815-1824. [PMID: 38970937 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In view of the global demographic shift, a scientific symposium was organised by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) to address nutrition-related challenges of the older population and provide an overview of the current state of knowledge. METHODS Eighteen nutrition-related issues of the ageing global society were presented by international experts during the symposium and summarised in this report. RESULTS Anorexia of ageing, dysphagia, malnutrition, frailty, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and the metabolic syndrome were highlighted as major nutrition-related geriatric syndromes. Great progress has been made in recent years through standardised definitions of some but not all syndromes. Regarding malnutrition, the GLIM approach has shown to be suitable also in older adults, justifying its continuous implementation. For anorexia of ageing, a consensus definition is still required. Intervention approaches should be integrated and person-centered with the aim of optimizing intrinsic capacity and maintaining functional capacity. Landmark studies like EFFORT and FINGER have impressively documented the potential of individualised and multifactorial interventions for functional and health benefits. Combining nutritional intervention with physical training seems particularly important whereas restrictive diets and drug treatment should generally be used with caution because of undesirable risks. Obesity management in older adults should take into account the risk of promoting sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS In the future, even more individualised approaches like precision nutrition may enable better nutritional care. Meanwhile all stakeholders should focus on a better implementation of currently available strategies and work closely together to improve nutritional care for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Volkert
- Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - N Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - K Demirkan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - S Schneider
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition, CHU de Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - O Abbasoglu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - G Bahat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - R Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
| | - J Bauer
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Agaplesion Bethanien Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C Cuerda
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Nutrition Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M de van der Schueren
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Lifestyle, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Doganay
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - M Halil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Medical Faculty, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - J Lehtisalo
- Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - G B Piccoli
- Nephrologie, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, Le Mans, France.
| | - Y Rolland
- IHU HealthAge, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, France; Centre for Epidemiology and Research in POPulation Health, CERPOP UMR 1295, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - M Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - K Wickramasinghe
- Special Initiative on Noncommunicable Diseases and Innovation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - R Wirth
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
| | - C Wunderle
- Medical University Department, Division of General Internal and Emergency Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland.
| | - M Zanetti
- Geriatric Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy.
| | - T Cederholm
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Metabolism, Uppsala University and Theme Inflammation & Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Peng L, Lin M, Tseng S, Yen K, Lee H, Hsiao F, Chen L. Protein-enriched soup and weekly exercise improve muscle health: A randomized trial in mid-to-old age with inadequate protein intake. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1348-1357. [PMID: 38641937 PMCID: PMC11294020 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has highlighted the synergistic impact of protein supplementation on muscle function post-exercise in adults; however, evidence supporting the combined effects were less robust and inconsistent on those with protein insufficiency. This investigation aims to explore efficacy of protein-enriched soup coupled with exercise on muscle health and metabolism in middle-aged and older adults with suboptimal protein intake. METHODS An open-label, 12-week, randomized controlled trial involving participants with insufficient protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day) was done. The intervention group consumed protein-enriched soup (24-30 g protein daily) and 1-h weekly exercise, while controls received health education. Assessments included laboratory tests, functional assessments, and body composition. RESULTS In this trial, 97 out of 100 randomized participants (mean age: 64.65 ± 4.84 years, 81.8% female) completed the study (47 in intervention group and 50 in control group). Compared results of baselines, at 1 and 3 months of intervention, significant improvements in waist circumference (83.48 ± 10.22 vs. 82.5 ± 9.88 vs. 82.37 ± 9.42 cm, P for trend = 0.046), 6-min walking distance (525.65 ± 58.46 vs. 534.47 ± 51.87 vs. 552.02 ± 57.66 m, P for trend = 0.001), five-time sit-to-stand time (7.63 ± 1.63 vs. 6.81 ± 1.8 vs. 6.4 ± 1.42 s, P for trend <0.001), grip strength (26.74 ± 6.54 vs. 27.53 ± 6.99 vs. 28.52 ± 7.09 kg, P for trend <0.001), and MNA score (26.8 ± 2.14 vs. 27.73 ± 1.74 vs. 27.55 ± 1.72, P for trend <0.001) were discerned within the intervention group. The intervention demonstrated a significant reduction in serum triglyceride (105.32 ± 49.84 vs. 101.36 ± 42.58 vs. 93.43 ± 41.49 mg/dL, P for trend = 0.023), increased HDL-C (60.04 ± 16.21 vs. 60 ± 17.37 vs. 62.55 ± 18.27 mg/dL, P for trend = 0.02), and DHEA-S levels (97.11 ± 54.39 vs. 103.39 ± 56.75 vs. 106.83 ± 60.56 μg/dL, P for trend = 0.002). Serum myostatin did not differ in both groups, but serum leptin levels significantly increased (9118.88 ± 5811.68 vs. 11508.97 ± 7151.08 vs. 11220.80 ± 7190.71 pg/mL, P for trend = 0.016) in controls. The intervention group showed greater improvements in 6 min walking distance (β = 0.71, 95% CI: 6.88 to 40.79, P = 0.006), five-time sit-to-stand test (β = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.59 to -0.15, P = 0.017), MNA score (β = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.20 to 1.71, P = 0.013), serum triglycerides (β = -15.01, 95% CI: -27.83 to -2.20, P = 0.022), LDL-C (β = -9.23, 95% CI: -16.98 to -1.47, P = 0.020), and DHEA-S levels (β = 9.98, 95% CI: 0.45 to 19.51, P = 0.04) than controls. CONCLUSIONS Protein-enriched soup with weekly exercise over 12 weeks significantly improved physical performance, lipid profile, and DHEA-S levels among middle-aged and older adults with inadequate protein intake, while studies assessing long-term benefits of the intervention are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Ning Peng
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Hsien Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Sung‐Hua Tseng
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ko‐Han Yen
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Huei‐Fang Lee
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Fei‐Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of PharmacyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Liang‐Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyTaipei Veterans General HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan‐Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital)TaipeiTaiwan
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Shalit A, Gerontiti E, Boutzios G, Korakianiti E, Kanouta F, Vasileiou V, Psaltopoulou T, Paschou SA. Nutrition of aging people with diabetes mellitus: Focus on sarcopenia. Maturitas 2024; 185:107975. [PMID: 38522145 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
As populations age, chronic diseases accumulate, and new health conditions emerge. One noteworthy pair that warrants further evaluation is diabetes mellitus and sarcopenia, given that the latter occurs in 28 % of the population aged over 50 who have diabetes mellitus. The management of both entails nutritional interventions, making the development of unified dietary recommendations an alluring strategy. This review aims to elucidate the current recommendations for the combined management of sarcopenia and diabetes, while featuring elements that require further research. The goal of nutritional management is to improve muscle mass and strength while regulating metabolic risk and glucose levels. To ensure muscle synthesis in the elderly, recommendations align at daily calorie intake that exceeds 30 kcal/kg, with adjustments based on comorbidities. Additionally, a protein intake of at least 1-1.2 g/kg/d is essential, emphasizing both daily and per-meal intake, and can be achieved through diet or branched-amino-acids supplements. Specific considerations for diabetes include restricted protein intake in diabetic nephropathy and exploring the potential link between branched amino acids and insulin resistance. Further recommendations that both promote metabolic health and have demonstrated at least a potential to increase muscle strength include prioritizing polyunsaturated fatty acids as a fat source and maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D. Clinicians should consult their patients on dietary optimization, but evidence is insufficient to recommend additional supplementation. Lastly, an emerging challenge of diabetes and sarcopenia is sarcopenic obesity, which requires the combination of a hypocaloric diet with increased protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almog Shalit
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eleni Gerontiti
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Boutzios
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fotini Kanouta
- Department of Endocrinology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula A Paschou
- Endocrine Unit and Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Kenkhuis MF, Stelten S, Hartman YA, Brouwer CG, Ten Tusscher MR, van Lonkhuijzen LR, Kenter GG, van Driel WJ, Winkels RM, Bekkers RL, Ottevanger NP, Hoedjes M, Buffart LM. Effects of a combined exercise and dietary intervention on body composition, physical functioning and fatigue in patients with ovarian cancer: results of the PADOVA trial. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:101-109. [PMID: 38720046 PMCID: PMC11231132 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend to include exercise and dietary advice in standard care for patients with cancer, based on evidence primarily derived from patients with breast cancer. Its applicability to patients with ovarian cancer is uncertain due to differences in patient characteristics and treatments. The PADOVA trial examined the effectiveness of a combined exercise and dietary intervention on fat-free mass (FFM), physical functioning, and fatigue. METHODS In total, 81 patients with ovarian cancer were randomised to the exercise and dietary intervention (n = 40) or control (n = 41) group. Measurements were performed before chemotherapy, after chemotherapy, and 12 weeks later. FFM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and physical functioning and fatigue were assessed using questionnaires. Intervention effects were assessed on an intention-to-treat basis using linear mixed models. RESULTS FFM and physical functioning increased, and fatigue decreased significantly over time in both groups. No significant difference between the groups were found for FFM (β = -0.5 kg; 95% CI = -3.2; 2.1), physical functioning (β = 1.4; 95% CI = -5.4; 8.3) and fatigue (β = 0.7; 95% CI = -1.5; 2.8). CONCLUSIONS During treatment, both groups improved in FFM, physical functioning, and fatigue. The intervention group, however, did not demonstrate additional benefits compared to the control group. This highlights the need for caution when extrapolating findings from different cancer populations to patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou-Floor Kenkhuis
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Stelten
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Aw Hartman
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Calvin G Brouwer
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke R Ten Tusscher
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Rcw van Lonkhuijzen
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Gynaecology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willemien J van Driel
- Gynaecology, Center for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renate M Winkels
- Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Lm Bekkers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Grow school for oncology and reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nelleke Pb Ottevanger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Meeke Hoedjes
- CoRPS-Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien M Buffart
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Zhao W, Zhao B, Meng X, Li B, Wang Y, Yu F, Fu C, Yu X, Li X, Dai C, Wang J, Gao H, Cheng M. The regulation of MFG-E8 on the mitophagy in diabetic sarcopenia via the HSPA1L-Parkin pathway and the effect of D-pinitol. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:934-948. [PMID: 38553831 PMCID: PMC11154748 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic sarcopenia is a disease-related skeletal muscle disorder that causes progressive symptoms. The complete understanding of its pathogenesis is yet to be unravelled, which makes it difficult to develop effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigates how MFG-E8 affects mitophagy and the protective role of D-pinitol (DP) in diabetic sarcopenia. METHODS In vivo, streptozotocin-induced diabetic SAM-R1 (STZ-R1) and SAM-P8 (STZ-P8) mice (16-week-old) were used, and STZ-P8 mice were administrated of DP (150 mg/kg per day) for 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for histological analysis including transmission electron microscopy. Proteins were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blotting (WB) assay. In vitro, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced diabetic and D-galactose (DG) induced senescent C2C12 models were established and received DP, MFG-E8 plasmid (Mover)/siRNA (MsiRNA), or 3-MA/Torin-1 intervention. Proteins were evaluated by IF and WB assay. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) were used for hunting the interacted proteins of MFG-E8. RESULTS In vivo, sarcopenia, mitophagy deficiency, and up-regulated MFG-E8 were confirmed in the STZ-P8 group. DP exerted protective effects on sarcopenia and mitophagy (DP + STZ-P8 vs. STZ-P8; all P < 0.01), such as increased lean mass (8.47 ± 0.81 g vs. 7.08 ± 1.64 g), grip strength (208.62 ± 39.45 g vs. 160.87 ± 26.95 g), rotarod tests (109.7 ± 11.81 s vs. 59.3 ± 20.97 s), muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) (1912.17 ± 535.61 μm2 vs. 1557.19 ± 588.38 μm2), autophagosomes (0.07 ± 0.02 per μm2 vs. 0.02 ± 0.01 per μm2), and cytolysosome (0.07 ± 0.03 per μm2 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01 per μm2). DP down-regulated MFG-E8 in both serum (DP + STZ-P8: 253.19 ± 34.75 pg/mL vs. STZ-P8: 404.69 ± 78.97 pg/mL; P < 0.001) and gastrocnemius muscle (WB assay. DP + STZ-P8: 0.39 ± 0.04 vs. STZ-P8: 0.55 ± 0.08; P < 0.01). DP also up-regulated PINK1, Parkin and LC3B-II/I ratio, and down-regulated P62 in gastrocnemius muscles (all P < 0.01). In vitro, mitophagy deficiency and MFG-E8 up-regulation were confirmed in diabetic and senescent models (all P < 0.05). DP and MsiRNA down-regulated MFG-E8 and P62, and up-regulated PINK1, Parkin and LC3B-II/I ratio to promote mitophagy as Torin-1 does (all P < 0.05). HSPA1L was confirmed as an interacted protein of MFG-E8 in IP and CO-IP assay. Mover down-regulated the expression of Parkin via the HSPA1L-Parkin pathway, leading to mitophagy inhibition. MsiRNA up-regulated the expression of PINK1 via SGK1, FOXO1, and STAT3 phosphorylation pathways, leading to mitophagy stimulation. CONCLUSIONS MFG-E8 is a crucial target protein of DP and plays a distinct role in mitophagy regulation. DP down-regulates the expression of MFG-E8, reduces mitophagy deficiency, and alleviates the symptoms of diabetic sarcopenia, which could be considered a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Bin Zhao
- Postdoctoral Research StationShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Xinyue Meng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Baoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Health Management Center (East Area)Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Chunli Fu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of PharmacyQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Chaochao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
| | - Mei Cheng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine (202132001)JinanChina
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9
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He W, Connolly ED, Cross HR, Wu G. Dietary protein and amino acid intakes for mitigating sarcopenia in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38803274 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2348549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Adult humans generally experience a 0.5-1%/year loss in whole-body skeletal muscle mass and a reduction of muscle strength by 1.5-5%/year beginning at the age of 50 years. This results in sarcopenia (aging-related progressive losses of skeletal muscle mass and strength) that affects 10-16% of adults aged ≥ 60 years worldwide. Concentrations of some amino acids (AAs) such as branched-chain AAs, arginine, glutamine, glycine, and serine are reduced in the plasma of older than young adults likely due to insufficient protein intake, reduced protein digestibility, and increased AA catabolism by the portal-drained viscera. Acute, short-term, or long-term administration of some of these AAs or a mixture of proteinogenic AAs can enhance blood flow to skeletal muscle, activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin cell signaling pathway for the initiation of muscle protein synthesis, and modulate the metabolic activity of the muscle. In addition, some AA metabolites such as taurine, β-alanine, carnosine, and creatine have similar physiological effects on improving muscle mass and function in older adults. Long-term adequate intakes of protein and the AA metabolites can aid in mitigating sarcopenia in elderly adults. Appropriate combinations of animal- and plant-sourced foods are most desirable to maintain proper dietary AA balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Erin D Connolly
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - H Russell Cross
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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10
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Paulay A, Grimaud GM, Caballero R, Laroche B, Leclerc M, Labarthe S, Maguin E. Design of a proteolytic module for improved metabolic modeling of Bacteroides caccae. mSystems 2024; 9:e0015324. [PMID: 38517169 PMCID: PMC11019848 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00153-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in health and is significantly modulated by human diets. In addition to Western diets which are rich in proteins, high-protein diets are used for specific populations or indications, mainly weight loss. In this study, we investigated the effect of protein supplementation on Bacteroides caccae, a Gram-negative gut symbiont. The supplementation with whey proteins led to a significant increase in growth rate, final biomass, and short-chain fatty acids production. A comprehensive genomic analysis revealed that B. caccae possesses a set of 156 proteases with putative intracellular and extracellular localization and allowed to identify amino acid transporters and metabolic pathways. We developed a fully curated genome-scale metabolic model of B. caccae that incorporated its proteolytic activity and simulated its growth and production of fermentation-related metabolites in response to the different growth media. We validated the model by comparing the predicted phenotype to experimental data. The model accurately predicted B. caccae's growth and metabolite production (R2 = 0.92 for the training set and R2 = 0.89 for the validation set). We found that accounting for both ATP consumption related to proteolysis, and whey protein accessibility is necessary for accurate predictions of metabolites production. These results provide insights into B. caccae's adaptation to a high-protein diet and its ability to utilize proteins as a source of nutrition. The proposed model provides a useful tool for understanding the feeding mechanism of B. caccae in the gut microbiome.IMPORTANCEMicrobial proteolysis is understudied despite the availability of dietary proteins for the gut microbiota. Here, the proteolytic potential of the gut symbiont Bacteroides caccae was analyzed for the first time using pan-genomics. This sketches a well-equipped bacteria for protein breakdown, capable of producing 156 different proteases with a broad spectrum of cleavage targets. This functional potential was confirmed by the enhancement of growth and metabolic activities at high protein levels. Proteolysis was included in a B. caccae metabolic model which was fitted with the experiments and validated on external data. This model pinpoints the links between protein availability and short-chain fatty acids production, and the importance for B. caccae to gain access to glutamate and asparagine to promote growth. This integrated approach can be generalized to other symbionts and upscaled to complex microbiota to get insights into the ecological impact of proteins on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Paulay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Biomathematica, Ajaccio, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Raphaël Caballero
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Béatrice Laroche
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Centre Inria de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Marion Leclerc
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Pendulum Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon Labarthe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MaIAGE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France
- Inria, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Talence, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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11
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De Leon A, Roemmich JN, Casperson SL. Daily Dietary Protein Distribution Does Not Influence Changes in Body Composition During Weight Loss in Women of Reproductive Years with Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2024; 154:1347-1355. [PMID: 38365118 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preservation of fat-free mass (FFM) during intentional weight loss is challenging yet important to maintain a resting metabolic rate. A balanced protein distribution of 25-30 g per meal improves 24-h muscle protein synthesis, which may promote FFM maintenance and greater reductions in fat mass (FM) during weight loss in women. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether the daily dietary protein distribution pattern during energy restriction influences changes in body composition in women of reproductive age. We hypothesized that evenly distributing protein across meals compared with the usual intake pattern of consuming most of the protein at the dinner meal would be superior in preserving FFM while reducing FM during weight loss. METHODS Healthy women (n = 43) aged 20-44 y with a BMI of 28-45 kg/m2 completed a randomized parallel feeding study testing 2 patterns of daily protein intake (even distribution across all meals compared with a skewed distribution with most protein consumed at the evening meal). Participants completed an 8-wk controlled 20% energy restriction (all foods provided), followed by an 8-wk self-choice phase in which participants were asked to maintain a similar diet and dietary pattern when purchasing and consuming their own foods. Body composition was measured at baseline, week 8, and week 16. Data were analyzed using mixed models. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Data are presented as differences in least squares means ± SE. RESULTS No significant main effects of group or group-by-time interactions were observed. All measures exhibited the main effect of time (P < 0.001). Overall, body weight, FFM, FM, and body fat percentage decreased 5.6 ± 0.4, 1.0 ± 0.2, 4.6 ± 0.4 kg, and 2.3 ± 0.2%, respectively, during this 16-wk study. CONCLUSION Daily dietary protein distribution at a fixed protein level does not appear to influence changes in body composition during weight loss in women of reproductive age. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE WHERE IT WAS OBTAINED NCT03202069 https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03202069.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Leon
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - James N Roemmich
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Shanon L Casperson
- USDA Agricultural Research Services, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
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12
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Moughan PJ, Fulgoni VL, Wolfe RR. The Importance of Dietary Protein Quality in Mid- to High-Income Countries. J Nutr 2024; 154:804-814. [PMID: 38253225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In wealthy countries, the protein intake of adults is usually considered to be adequate, and considerations of protein quality are often deemed irrelevant. The objective was to examine dietary protein intakes of adults in developed countries in the context of dietary protein quality. An analysis of NHANES population data on actual protein intakes in the United States (a developed country) demonstrated that for a dietary Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) of 100%, 11% of the adult (19-50 y) population had habitual protein intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and 22% below the Recommended Dietary Allowance. The percentage of the population with utilizable protein intakes potentially falling below the EAR increased as the assumed DIAAS declined. Analysis of the NHANES data and several other datasets also indicated that total protein intakes can be limiting or close to limiting for the elderly and some vegetarians and vegans. Here, lower dietary protein quality can potentially lead to inadequate utilizable protein intakes. For many people in specific physiological states (e.g., weight loss, endurance sports, resistance exercise) attempting to meet higher dietary protein targets often with accompanying lowered energy intakes, low dietary protein quality can lead to protein calories expressed as a proportion of total calories, falling outside what may be acceptable limits (maximum of 30% protein calories from total calories). In general, individuals within the adult population may be susceptible to macronutrient imbalance (whenever total protein intakes are high, daily energy intakes low) and for diets with lower protein quality (DIAAS <100%). Our analysis shows that dietary protein quality is relevant in mid- to high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | | | - Robert R Wolfe
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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13
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Duval A, Sayd T, Bourillon S, Aubry L, Mosconi V, Ferraro V, Santé-Lhoutellier V. Utilizing the influence of protein enrichment of meal components as a strategy to possibly prevent undernutrition in the elderly: an in vitro approach. Food Funct 2024; 15:2078-2089. [PMID: 38303670 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03659f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Nutritional strategies are required to limit the prevalence of denutrition in the elderly. With this in mind, fortified meals can provide more protein, but their digestibility must be ensured. Using a dynamic in vitro digester, DIDGI®, programmed with the digestion conditions of the elderly, we evaluated the supplementation of each component of a meal and assessed protein digestibility, amino acid profile, micro-nutrients and vitamins bioaccessibility for a full course meal. Higher protein digestibility was evidenced for the fortified meal, with higher release of essential amino acids. Moreover the large increase of leucine released was comparable to the range advocated for the elderly to favour protein anabolism. This in vitro study underlines the interest of using dish formulations to meet the nutritional needs of seniors, which is why this work will be completed by a clinical study in nursing home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Duval
- INRAE, QuaPA, UR 370, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
| | - Thierry Sayd
- INRAE, QuaPA, UR 370, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
| | | | - Laurent Aubry
- INRAE, QuaPA, UR 370, 63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France.
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14
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Salas-Groves E, Alcorn M, Childress A, Galyean S. The Effect of Web-Based Culinary Medicine to Enhance Protein Intake on Muscle Quality in Older Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49322. [PMID: 38349721 PMCID: PMC10900082 DOI: 10.2196/49322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common age-related musculoskeletal disorder is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is the progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. The causes of sarcopenia can include insufficient nutritional status, which may be due to protein-energy malnutrition, anorexia, limited food access and eating ability, or malabsorption. In the United States, 15.51% of older adults have been diagnosed with sarcopenia. Culinary medicine (CM) is a novel evidence-based medical field that combines the science of medicine with food and cooking to prevent and treat potential chronic diseases. CM helps individuals learn and practice culinary skills while tasting new recipes. Therefore, this program could successfully reduce barriers to protein intake, enabling older adults to enhance their diet and muscle quality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine how a web-based CM intervention, emphasizing convenient ways to increase lean red meat intake, could improve protein intake with the promotion of physical activity to see how this intervention could affect older adults' muscle strength and mass. METHODS A 16-week, single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare a web-based CM intervention group (CMG) with a control group (CG) while monitoring each group's muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical activity for muscle quality. The CMG received weekly web-based cooking demonstrations and biweekly nutrition education videos about enhancing protein intake, whereas the CG just received the recipe handout. Anthropometrics, muscle mass, muscle strength, dietary habits, physical activity, and cooking effectiveness were established at baseline and measured after the intervention. The final number of participants for the data analysis was 24 in the CMG and 23 in the CG. RESULTS No between-group difference in muscle mass (P=.88) and strength (dominant P=.92 and nondominant P=.72) change from the prestudy visit was detected. No statistically significant difference in protein intake was seen between the groups (P=.50). A nonsignificant time-by-intervention interaction was observed for daily protein intake (P=.08). However, a statistically significant time effect was observed (P≤.001). Post hoc testing showed that daily protein intake was significantly higher at weeks 1 to 16 versus week 0 (P<.05). At week 16, the intake was 16.9 (95% CI 5.77-27.97) g higher than that at the prestudy visit. CONCLUSIONS This study did not affect protein intake and muscle quality. Insufficient consistent protein intake, low physical activity, intervention adherence, and questionnaire accuracy could explain the results. These studies could include an interdisciplinary staff, different recruitment strategies, and different muscle mass measurements. Future research is needed to determine if this intervention is sustainable in the long term and should incorporate a follow-up to determine program efficacy on several long-term behavioral and health outcomes, including if the participants can sustain their heightened protein intake and how their cooking skills have changed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05593978; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05593978.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Alcorn
- Hospitality and Retail Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Allison Childress
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Galyean
- Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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15
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Hawley AL, Baum JI. Nutrition as the foundation for successful aging: a focus on dietary protein and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:389-406. [PMID: 37319363 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a critical role throughout the aging process. People living with sarcopenia, a progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, often experience diminished quality of life, which can be attributed to a long period of decline and disability. Therefore, it is important to identify modifiable factors that preserve skeletal muscle and promote successful aging (SA). In this review, SA was defined as (1) low cardiometabolic risk, (2) preservation of physical function, and (3) positive state of wellbeing, with nutrition as an integral component. Several studies identify nutrition, specifically high-quality protein (eg, containing all essential amino acids), and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), as positive regulators of SA. Recently, an additive anabolic effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs has been identified in skeletal muscle of older adults. Evidence further suggests that the additive effect of protein and n-3 PUFAs may project beyond skeletal muscle anabolism and promote SA. The key mechanism(s) behind the enhanced effects of intake of protein and n-3 PUFAs needs to be defined. The first objective of this review is to evaluate skeletal muscle as a driver of cardiometabolic health, physical function, and wellbeing to promote SA. The second objective is to examine observational and interventional evidence of protein and n-3 PUFAs on skeletal muscle to promote SA. The final objective is to propose mechanisms by which combined optimal intake of high-quality protein and n-3 PUFAs likely play a key role in SA. Current evidence suggests that increased intake of protein above the Recommended Dietary Allowance and n-3 PUFAs above the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations for late middle-aged and older adults is required to maintain skeletal muscle mass and to promote SA, potentially through the mechanistical target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubree L Hawley
- School of Human and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jamie I Baum
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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16
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Cisterna B, Malatesta M. Molecular and Structural Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Nuclei during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1833. [PMID: 38339110 PMCID: PMC10855217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are certainly multifactorial and still remain to be fully elucidated. Changes in the cell nucleus structure and function have been considered among the possible contributing causes. This review offers an overview of the current knowledge on skeletal muscle nuclei in aging, focusing on the impairment of nuclear pathways potentially involved in age-related muscle decline. In skeletal muscle two types of cells are present: fiber cells, constituting the contractile muscle mass and containing hundreds of myonuclei, and the satellite cells, i.e., the myogenic mononuclear stem cells occurring at the periphery of the fibers and responsible for muscle growth and repair. Research conducted on different experimental models and with different methodological approaches demonstrated that both the myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei of aged skeletal muscles undergo several structural and molecular alterations, affecting chromatin organization, gene expression, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. These alterations play a key role in the impairment of muscle fiber homeostasis and regeneration, thus contributing to the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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17
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Wu J, Chi H, Kok S, Chua JM, Huang XX, Zhang S, Mah S, Foo LX, Peh HY, Lee HB, Tay P, Tong C, Ladlad J, Tan CH, Khoo N, Aw D, Chong CX, Ho LM, Sivarajah SS, Ng J, Tan WJ, Foo FJ, Teh BT, Koh FH. Multimodal prerehabilitation for elderly patients with sarcopenia in colorectal surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:3-12. [PMID: 37004990 PMCID: PMC10915526 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2022.01207.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, which is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, has been well described to be associated with numerous poor postoperative outcomes, such as increased perioperative mortality, postoperative sepsis, prolonged length of stay, increased cost of care, decreased functional outcome, and poorer oncological outcomes in cancer surgery. Multimodal prehabilitation, as a concept that involves boosting and optimizing the preoperative condition of a patient prior to the upcoming stressors of a surgical procedure, has the purported benefits of reversing the effects of sarcopenia, shortening hospitalization, improving the rate of return to bowel activity, reducing the costs of hospitalization, and improving quality of life. This review aims to present the current literature surrounding the concept of sarcopenia, its implications pertaining to colorectal cancer and surgery, a summary of studied multimodal prehabilitation interventions, and potential future advances in the management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Wu
- Division of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hannah Chi
- Division of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shawn Kok
- Department of Radiology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jason M.W. Chua
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Xi-Xiao Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shipin Zhang
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shimin Mah
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Li-Xin Foo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hui-Yee Peh
- Department of Dietetics, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hui-Bing Lee
- Department of Dietetics, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Phoebe Tay
- Department of Dietetics, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cherie Tong
- Department of Dietetics, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Ladlad
- Division of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | - Darius Aw
- Division of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Jialin Ng
- Division of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Fung-Joon Foo
- Division of Surgery, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bin-Tean Teh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Shin SK, Lee JY, Bae HR, Park HJ, Kwon EY. Animal protein hydrolysate reduces visceral fat and inhibits insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in aged mice. Nutr Res Pract 2024; 18:46-61. [PMID: 38352208 PMCID: PMC10861341 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2024.18.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H2O2 levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Heekyong R. Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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19
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Thind MK, Uhlig HH, Glogauer M, Palaniyar N, Bourdon C, Gwela A, Lancioni CL, Berkley JA, Bandsma RHJ, Farooqui A. A metabolic perspective of the neutrophil life cycle: new avenues in immunometabolism. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1334205. [PMID: 38259490 PMCID: PMC10800387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1334205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant innate immune cells. Multiple mechanisms allow them to engage a wide range of metabolic pathways for biosynthesis and bioenergetics for mediating biological processes such as development in the bone marrow and antimicrobial activity such as ROS production and NET formation, inflammation and tissue repair. We first discuss recent work on neutrophil development and functions and the metabolic processes to regulate granulopoiesis, neutrophil migration and trafficking as well as effector functions. We then discuss metabolic syndromes with impaired neutrophil functions that are influenced by genetic and environmental factors of nutrient availability and usage. Here, we particularly focus on the role of specific macronutrients, such as glucose, fatty acids, and protein, as well as micronutrients such as vitamin B3, in regulating neutrophil biology and how this regulation impacts host health. A special section of this review primarily discusses that the ways nutrient deficiencies could impact neutrophil biology and increase infection susceptibility. We emphasize biochemical approaches to explore neutrophil metabolism in relation to development and functions. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and challenges to neutrophil-centered therapeutic approaches in immune-driven diseases and highlight unanswered questions to guide future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehakpreet K Thind
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celine Bourdon
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Agnes Gwela
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Christina L Lancioni
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - James A Berkley
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H J Bandsma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Farooqui
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Childhood Acute Illness & Nutrition Network (CHAIN), Nairobi, Kenya
- Omega Laboratories Inc, Mississauga, ON, Canada
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20
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Briguglio M, Sirtori P, Mangiavini L, Buzzi S, Cordani C, Zerni MF, Wainwright TW, Ursino N, Peretti GM, Banfi G. How Do Older Patients with End-Stage Osteoarthritis of the Hip Eat Prior to Hip Replacement? A Preliminary Snapshot That Highlights a Poor Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4868. [PMID: 38068726 PMCID: PMC10708412 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet quantity and quality in older adults is critical for the proper functioning of the musculoskeletal system. In view of hip surgery, old patients should consume 1.2-1.5 g of proteins and 27-30 kcal per kilo of body weight daily, and adhere to healthy eating habits. In this analytical study, we studied diet quantity and quality in relation to the clinical chemistry and functional status of 57 older adults undergoing elective hip replacement. Nine in ten patients did not meet suggested protein and energy intakes and only one in ten patients exhibited high adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Legume consumption adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, and health status successfully forecasted haemoglobin levels (p < 0.05), and patients regularly consuming olive oil reported minor hip disability compared to those using it less frequently (p < 0.05). Patients who reported daily ingestion of <1 serving of meat versus those consuming >1.5 servings had greater cumulative comorbidity (p < 0.05), with meat consumption independently predicting walking ability, mobility, and balance in the fully adjusted model (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our patients seem to eat poorly. There is room for improvement in pre-operative pathways to make older adults eat better, but there is a need to plan an interventional study to fully understand the cause-effect of a dietary pattern or specific food in enhancing recovery after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Briguglio
- Laboratory of Nutritional Sciences, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Sirtori
- E.U.O.R.R. Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy (G.M.P.)
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- E.U.O.R.R. Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy (G.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University “La Statale” of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Buzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University “La Statale” of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Cordani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University “La Statale” of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Zerni
- Laboratory of Nutritional Sciences, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas W. Wainwright
- Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8FT, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, UK
| | - Nicola Ursino
- C.A.S.C.O. Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M. Peretti
- E.U.O.R.R. Unit, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy (G.M.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University “La Statale” of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
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21
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Lee JY, Shin SK, Bae HR, Ji Y, Park HJ, Kwon EY. The animal protein hydrolysate attenuates sarcopenia via the muscle-gut axis in aged mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115604. [PMID: 37804811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related muscle loss and dysfunction, sarcopenia, is a common condition that results in poor quality of life in the elderly. Protein supplementation is a potential strategy for preventing sarcopenia and increasing muscle synthesis, but the effectiveness of protein type and level in improving sarcopenia is not well understood. In this study, we compared animal protein hydrolysate (APH), which has a high protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) and low molecular weight, with casein as a control group to investigate the effects and mechanisms of sarcopenia improvement, with a particular focus on the gut-muscle axis. APH supplementation improved age-related declines in muscle mass, grip strength, hind leg thickness, muscle protein level, muscle fiber size, and myokine levels, compared to the control group. In particular, levels of plasma cortisol, muscle lipids, and muscle collagen were markedly reduced by APH supplements in the aged mice. Furthermore, APH efficiently recovered the concentration of total SCFAs including acetic, propionic, and isovaleric acids decreased in aged mice. Finally, APH induced changes in gut microbiota and increased production of SCFAs, which were positively correlated with muscle protein level and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, APH can help to inhibit age-related sarcopenia by increasing muscle synthesis, inhibiting muscle breakdown, and potentially modulating the gut-muscle axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyong R Bae
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- HEM Pharma, Changnyong-daero, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Park
- Bio Convergence Testing Center, Daegu Haany University, 1, Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Center for Beautiful Aging, Kyungpook National University, 1370 San-Kyuk Dong Puk-Ku, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Li LY, Poon S, Robbins J, Iuliano S. Food provision in Australian aged care homes does not meet protein needs of residents: A call for reform. Nutr Diet 2023. [PMID: 37903654 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Malnutrition is common in older adults in aged care homes, partly due to inadequate protein intake. Menu planning guidelines are available however, adherence to guidelines is unknown. This study aimed to determine; (i) what are the average serving sizes of menu items provided and do they meet recommended portion sizes? (ii) does consumption from a 'typical' menu provide sufficient protein? and (iii) can substituting a 'typical' menu with high-protein options enable residents to achieve protein adequacy? METHODS This study involved 572 residents (73% female; aged 86.4 ± 7.3 years) from 60 aged-care homes in Australia involved in a 2-year cluster-randomised trial. During the trial, food intake was recorded quarterly using visual estimation of plate-waste and 42 061 foods analysed. As part of a secondary analysis of these data, portion sizes of foods were compared to guidelines by calculating the mean (95% confidence interval). Items were deemed inadequate if the upper 95% confidence interval remained below recommended portion sizes. RESULTS On average 47% of breakfast and 80% of lunch/dinner items were below recommended portion sizes. Relative protein intakes, from a typical menu (most consumed foods), was 0.9 g and 0.8 g/kg body weight/day for females and males; both below recommendations. Substituting regular items with higher protein equivalents increased protein intake to 1.3 g and 1.2 g/kg body weight/day, for females and males, respectively. CONCLUSION Aged care homes in Australia are not meeting menu planning guidelines resulting in insufficient protein being provided. Reform to menu guidelines including provision of high-protein foods, will ensure protein adequacy in older adults in aged-care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Yan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shirley Poon
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judy Robbins
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra Iuliano
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Sunshine Hospital, Western Health, Australia
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23
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Park WT, Shon OJ, Kim GB. Multidisciplinary approach to sarcopenia: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2023; 40:352-363. [PMID: 37674374 PMCID: PMC10626311 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2023.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition in which muscle mass and strength are decreased and muscle function is impaired. It is an indicator of frailty and loss of independence in older adults. It is also associated with increased physical disability, which increases the risk of falls. As a multifactorial disease, sarcopenia is caused by a combination of factors including aging, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of sarcopenia and identifying its different causes is critical to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, consequences, diagnostic methods, and multidisciplinary approaches to sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Tae Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Oog-Jin Shon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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24
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Chen J, Chai J, Sun X, Tao Y, Chen X, Zhou G, Xu X. Unexpected variations in the effects of ultrasound-assisted myofibrillar protein processing under varying viscosity conditions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106553. [PMID: 37574643 PMCID: PMC10448329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of myofibrillar protein(MRN)-gallic acid (GAD) complex in ultrasound (UID)-assisted processing is a challenging problem in food manufacturing. In this investigation, the effect of viscosity characteristics on the efficiency of UID processing in MRN-based beverages was analyzed. Both viscosity and surface tension can increase sono-physico-chemical effects on the degradation of terephthalic acid and crystal violet, with surface tension having a more significant effect (negative correlation, R2 = 0.99) than viscosity (positive correlation, R2 = 0.79). The structural indicators and microstructure demonstrated that the reaggregation and refolding of the MRN structure during the modification procedure occurred with relatively small three-dimensional dimensions. Compared to the MRN/GAD4 group, the water contact angle of the MRN/GAD7 system enhanced by 129.44%, leading to greater system stability. The ABTS-scavenging capacity of the system increased by approximately 19.45% due to the increase in viscosity of these two categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiale Chai
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Lab of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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25
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Shefflette A, Patel N, Caruso J. Mitigating Sarcopenia with Diet and Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6652. [PMID: 37681791 PMCID: PMC10487983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function from aging, inactivity, or disuse. It is a comorbidity to numerous conditions that exacerbates their severity and adversely impacts activities of daily living. While sarcopenia now receives more attention from the medical community, people with sarcopenia as a comorbidity nevertheless still sometimes receives less attention than other presenting diseases or conditions. Inevitable doctors' visits or hospital stays for those with sarcopenia as a comorbidity have far higher healthcare costs than those without this condition, which imposes a greater financial burden on the medical insurance and healthcare industries. This review offers information and guidance on this topic. Treatments for sarcopenia include dietary, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. Yet, the latter treatment is only recommended in extreme cases as it may evoke numerous side effects and has little support in the scientific literature. Currently, a more holistic approach, with an emphasis on lifestyle modification, to reduce the likelihood of sarcopenia is examined. The current review discusses dietary and exercise interventions to limit the occurrence and severity of sarcopenia. References cited in this review conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki requirements for the use of human research subjects. Most of this review's references (~97%) came from a PubMed search that spanned from 1997 to 2023. Search terms included "sarcopenia" OR "muscle wasting" OR "geriatrics"; OR "ageing"; and AND "diet" OR "exercise". In addition, papers relevant or supportive of the topic as well as those considered seminal were included in the review. Over 96% of the references were peer-reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Caruso
- Exercise Physiology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (A.S.); (N.P.)
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26
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Hiol AN, von Hurst PR, Conlon CA, Beck KL. Associations of protein intake, sources and distribution on muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults living in Auckland, New Zealand. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e94. [PMID: 37649694 PMCID: PMC10465299 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein intake, sources and distribution impact on muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass in older adults. However, it is less clear whether dietary protein influences muscle strength. Data were obtained from the Researching Eating Activity and Cognitive Health (REACH) study, a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating dietary patterns, cognitive function and metabolic syndrome in older adults aged 65-74 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a 4-d food record and muscle strength using a handgrip strength dynamometer. After adjusting for confounders, in female older adults (n 212), total protein intake (β = 0⋅22, P < 0⋅01); protein from dairy and eggs (β = 0⋅21, P = 0⋅03) and plant food sources (β = 0⋅60, P < 0⋅01); and frequently consuming at least 0⋅4 g/kg BW per meal (β = 0⋅08, P < 0⋅01) were associated with higher BMI-adjusted muscle strength. However, protein from meat and fish intake and the coefficient of variance of protein intake were not related to BMI-muscle strength in female older adults. No statistically significant associations were observed in male participants (n = 113). There may be sex differences when investigating associations between protein intake and muscle strength in older adults. Further research is needed to investigate these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne N. Hiol
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
| | - Pamela R. von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
| | - Cathryn A. Conlon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn L. Beck
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, North Shore City 0632, New Zealand
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27
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Park JB. Effects of 12 weeks of low molecular collagen peptide supplementation on body composition in overweight Korean adults aged 50 years and older.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3016558/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
After the age of 50, their muscle mass gradually declines each year, and the lost muscle is often replaced by fat mass. Insufficient protein intake after middle age further accelerates this process. Previous studies that have used collagen as a supplementation, which accounts for about 30% of the body's protein, have combined it with resistance exercise. This study investigated the effects of collagen supplementation on body composition in individuals over the age of 50 (23≤BMI≤32), while maintaining their daily activity levels constant. Participants were assigned to either the collagen group (n=42) or the placebo group(n=42). Collagen supplementation (15g of collagen) and placebo product (xanthan gum) were offered. Bioactive Collagen Peptides, which is a type of low molecular weight collagen extracted from porcine raw materials, was used. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were taken for analysis. Physical activities and dietary intake were measured by international physical activity questionnaire and a 3-day food record, respectively. 74 participants in the collagen group (n=37) and placebo group (n=37) were used in the final analysis. Physical activity and dietary intake showed no significant difference between the two groups. The collagen group showed a significant reduction in total body fat mass compared to the placebo group, as evidenced by both BIA (P=0.021) and DEXA (P=0.041) measurements. There were no significant differences in blood measurements between the two groups. Therefore, the intake of collagen supplementation after middle age may be used for preventing age related fat mass accumulation.
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Briguglio M, Wainwright TW, Southern K, Riso P, Porrini M, Middleton RG. Healthy Eating for Elective Major Orthopedic Surgery: Quality, Quantity, and Timing. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:2081-2090. [PMID: 37521366 PMCID: PMC10377616 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s415116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements to enhanced recovery pathways in orthopedic surgery are reducing the time that patients spend in the hospital, giving an increasingly vital role to prehabilitation and/or rehabilitation after surgery. Nutritional support is an important tenant of perioperative medicine, with the aim to integrate the patient's diet with food components that are needed in greater amounts to support surgical fitness. Regardless of the time available between the time of contemplation of surgery and the day of admission, a patient who eats healthy is reasonably more suitable for surgery than a patient who does not meet the daily requirements for energy and nutrients. Moreover, a successful education for healthy food choices is one possible way to sustain the exercise therapy, improve recovery, and thus contribute to the patient's long-term health. The expected benefits presuppose that the patient follows a healthy diet, but it is unclear which advice is needed to improve dietary choices. We present the principles of healthy eating for patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery to lay the foundations of rational and valuable perioperative nutritional support programs. We discuss the concepts of nutritional use of food, requirements, portion size, dietary target, food variety, time variables of feeding, and the practical indications on what the last meal to be consumed six hours before the induction of anesthesia may be together with what is meant by clear fluids to be consumed until two hours before. Surgery may act as a vital "touch point" for some patients with the health service and is therefore a valuable opportunity for members of the perioperative team to promote optimal lifestyle choices, such as the notion and importance of healthy eating not just for surgery but also for long-term health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Briguglio
- IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Laboratory of Nutritional Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas W Wainwright
- Bournemouth University, Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth, UK
- University Hospitals Dorset, NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
| | - Kate Southern
- Bournemouth University, Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth, UK
- Nuffield Health Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Patrizia Riso
- University of Milan, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Milan, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- University of Milan, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Milan, Italy
| | - Robert G Middleton
- Bournemouth University, Orthopaedic Research Institute, Bournemouth, UK
- University Hospitals Dorset, NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
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Mihaylova MM, Chaix A, Delibegovic M, Ramsey JJ, Bass J, Melkani G, Singh R, Chen Z, Ja WW, Shirasu-Hiza M, Latimer MN, Mattison JA, Thalacker-Mercer AE, Dixit VD, Panda S, Lamming DW. When a calorie is not just a calorie: Diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1114-1131. [PMID: 37392742 PMCID: PMC10528391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and time-restricted feeding to discuss how dietary composition and feeding schedule impact whole-body metabolism, longevity, and healthspan. These discussions may provide insights into the long-sought molecular mechanisms engaged by calorie restriction to extend lifespan, lead to novel therapies, and potentially inform the development of a personalized food-as-medicine approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Mihaylova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Girish Melkani
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Neuroscience, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Michele Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julie A Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna E Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Posey EA, Davis TA. Review: Nutritional regulation of muscle growth in neonatal swine. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 3:100831. [PMID: 37263816 PMCID: PMC10621894 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the nutritional support of low birth weight and early-weaned piglets, most experience reduced extrauterine growth performance. To further optimize nutritional support and develop targeted intervention strategies, the mechanisms that regulate the anabolic response to nutrition must be fully understood. Knowledge gained in these studies represents a valuable intersection of agriculture and biomedical research, as low birth weight and early-weaned piglets face many of the same morbidities as preterm and low birth weight infants, including extrauterine growth faltering and reduced lean growth. While the reasons for poor growth performance are multifaceted, recent studies have increased our understanding of the role of nutrition in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth in the piglet. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published literature surrounding advances in the current understanding of the anabolic signaling that occurs after a meal and how this response is developmentally regulated in the neonatal pig. It will focus on the regulation of protein synthesis, and especially the upstream and downstream effectors surrounding the master protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) that controls translation initiation. It also will examine the regulatory pathways associated with the postprandial anabolic agents, insulin and specific amino acids, that are upstream of mTORC1 and lead to its activation. Lastly, the integration of upstream signaling cascades by mTORC1 leading to the activation of translation initiation factors that regulate protein synthesis will be discussed. This review concludes that anabolic signaling cascades are stimulated by both insulin and amino acids, especially leucine, through separate pathways upstream of mTORC1, and that these stimulatory pathways result in mTORC1 activation and subsequent activation of downstream effectors that regulate translation initiation Additionally, it is concluded that this anabolic response is unique to the skeletal muscle of the neonate, resulting from increased sensitivity to the rise in both insulin and amino acid after a meal. However, this response is dampened in skeletal muscle of the low birth weight pig, indicative of anabolic resistance. Elucidation of the pathways and regulatory mechanisms surrounding protein synthesis and lean growth allow for the development of potential targeted therapeutics and intervention strategies both in livestock production and neonatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Posey
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T A Davis
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Bagheri R, Shakibaee A, Camera DM, Sobhani V, Ghobadi H, Nazar E, Fakhari H, Dutheil F. Effects of 8 weeks of resistance training in combination with a high protein diet on body composition, muscular performance, and markers of liver and kidney function in untrained older ex-military men. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1205310. [PMID: 37457969 PMCID: PMC10342203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1205310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of a high protein diet in combination with chronic resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle adaptation responses in untrained older ex-military men is unknown. Therefore, we compared the effects of 8 weeks of RT in combination with either a high (1.6 g/kg/d) or low protein diet (0.8 g/kg/d) on body composition [skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and body fat percentage (BFP)], muscular strength, power, and endurance (upper and lower body), markers of liver [alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] and kidney (creatinine and urea) function, and lipid profile low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and cholesterol levels in a cohort of healthy, untrained older ex-military males. Methods Forty healthy untrained older ex-military males (age: 61 ± 2 yr, body mass index: 23.2 ± 1.3 kg.m-2) performed 8 weeks (three sessions·w-1) of RT with either 1.6 g/kg/d (RHP; n = 20) or 0.8 g/kg/d of protein (RLP; n = 20). Body composition (assessed by Inbody 720), muscular strength (1-RM for chest and leg press), power (Wingate test), endurance (75% 1-RM for chest and leg press), and markers of liver and kidney function (biochemical kits) were assessed pre and post-intervention. Results SMM and muscular strength (upper and lower body) increased post-intervention in both groups and were significantly greater in RHP compared to RLP, while muscular power increased to the same extent in both groups (p < 0.05) with no between-group differences (p > 0.05). In contrast, there were no post-intervention changes in muscular endurance, HDL, and BFP remained in either group (p > 0.05). ALT and creatinine significantly increased in RHP compared to RLP while GGT, AST, and urea only increased in the RLP group (p < 0.05). LDL and cholesterol significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion A daily intake of 1.6 g/kg/d protein was superior to 0.8 g/kg/d (current recommended daily intake) for promoting greater improvements in SMM and muscle strength and thus may be a more suitable level of intake for promoting such adaptive responses. Notwithstanding observed between-group differences in ALT and creatinine and the fact that levels remained within normal ranges, it is feasible to conclude that this daily protein intake is efficacious and well tolerated by healthy, untrained older ex-military males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Shakibaee
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donny M. Camera
- Department of Health and Biostatistics, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vahid Sobhani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghobadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Eisa Nazar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hadi Fakhari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fred Dutheil
- CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Lee H, Park S. Regional differences in the associations of diet quality, obesity, and possible sarcopenia using the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023059. [PMID: 37402414 PMCID: PMC10667583 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sarcopenic obesity is closely related to aging and the prevalence of various chronic diseases and frailty. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether diet quality is related to obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity, and if so, to explore the difference in that relationship between urban and rural settings. METHODS Using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2016-2018, a total of 7,151 participants aged 40 years or older were analyzed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using handgrip strength. Diet quality was assessed using Korea Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) scores, and obesity was determined based on participants' abdominal circumference. Multinomial logistic analysis was used for testing statistical significance. RESULTS Rural participants had significantly lower KHEI scores and a higher prevalence of sarcopenic obesity than urban participants. The study findings demonstrate that participants without obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity had significantly higher KHEI scores in both rural and urban settings. Multinomial regression analysis further revealed that a higher KHEI score was associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among urban residents, while only the risk of obesity was lower with higher diet quality scores among rural residents. CONCLUSIONS Since diet quality and health status were lower in rural areas, it is important to address this regional disparity with appropriate policy measures. To mitigate urban health disparities, urban residents in poor health with few resources should also be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
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33
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Campbell WW, Deutz NEP, Volpi E, Apovian CM. Nutritional Interventions: Dietary Protein Needs and Influences on Skeletal Muscle of Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:67-72. [PMID: 37325954 PMCID: PMC10272976 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This narrative review describes foundational and emerging evidence of how dietary protein intakes may influence muscle-related attributes of older adults. METHODS PubMed was used to identify pertinent research. RESULTS Among medically stable older adults, protein intakes below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) (0.8 g/kg body weight [BW]/d) exacerbate age-related reductions in muscle size, quality, and function. Dietary patterns with total protein intakes at or moderately above the RDA, including one or preferably more meals containing sufficient dietary protein to maximize protein anabolism, promote muscle size and function. Some observational studies suggest protein intakes from 1.0 to 1.6 g/kg BW/d may promote greater muscle strength and function more so than muscle size. Experimental findings from randomized controlled feeding trials indicate protein intakes greater than the RDA (averaging ~1.3 g/kg BW/d) do not influence indices of lean body mass or muscle and physical functions with non-stressed conditions, but positively influence changes in lean body mass with purposeful catabolic (energy restriction) or anabolic (resistance exercise training) stressors. Among older adults with diagnosed medical conditions or acute illness, specialized protein or amino acid supplements that stimulate muscle protein synthesis and improve protein nutritional status may attenuate the loss of muscle mass and function and improve survival of malnourished patients. Observational studies favor animal versus plant protein sources for sarcopenia-related parameters. CONCLUSIONS Quantity, quality, and patterning of dietary protein consumed by older adults with varied metabolic states, and hormonal and health status influence the nutritional needs and therapeutic use of protein to support muscle size and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Park JB. Effects of collagen supplementation on body composition and muscle strength in Korean adults aged 50 years and older.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3016558/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insufficient protein intake can accelerate the loss of muscle mass as one ages. A decrease in muscle mass leads to an increase in fat mass, creating a vicious cycle that can result in sarcopenic obesity. Previous studies that have used collagen as a supplementation, which accounts for about 30% of the body's protein, have combined it with resistance exercise.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of collagen supplementation on body composition in individuals over the age of 50, while maintaining their daily activity levels constant.
DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial
PARTICIPANTS: Participants were assigned to either the collagen group (n=42) or the placebo group(n=42).
MEASUREMENTS: Collagen supplementation (14g of collagen) and placebo product (xanthan gum) were offered to collagen group and placebo group respectively, once a day. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants were instructed to maintain their dietary intake and physical activity levels, which were evaluated through a 3-day food record analysis and an international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) analysis, respectively.
RESULTS: 74 participants in the collagen group (n=37) and placebo group (n=37) completed the follow-up, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of physical activity levels. The collagen group showed a significant reduction in total body fat mass compared to the placebo group, as evidenced by both BIA (P=0.021) and DEXA (P=0.041) measurements. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of muscle mass.
Conclusion: From this study, the consumption of collagen supplementation is effective in reducing fat mass, which is significant in preventing sarcopenic obesity after middle age.
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Cui H, Wang Z, Wu J, Liu Y, Zheng J, Xiao W, He P, Zhou Y, Wang J, Yu P, Zhang C, Wu J. Chinese expert consensus on prevention and intervention for elderly with sarcopenia (2023). Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:104-115. [PMID: 37287669 PMCID: PMC10242264 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or physical function. It is most common in elderly individuals. Due to its high incidence, insidious onset, and extensive impact on the body, it has a huge impact on the family medical burden and the social public health expenditure in China. The understanding of sarcopenia in China is still lacking, and the recommendations for prevention, control, and intervention are not clear and unified. The purpose of this consensus report is to standardize the prevention, control, and intervention methods for sarcopenia in elderly patients in China; improve the efficacy of intervention; reduce complications during the intervention process; and reduce the risk of falls, fractures, disability, hospitalization, and even death in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Cui
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology&National Clinic Research Center of Geriatric DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianqing Wu
- Department of GeriatricsJiangsu Province HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric MedicineChengduChina
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology&National Clinic Research Center of Geriatric DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Wenkai Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology&National Clinic Research Center of Geriatric DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ping He
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianye Wang
- Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
| | - Pulin Yu
- Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyBeijingChina
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan University, China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric MedicineChengduChina
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Ganhão-Arranhado S, Poínhos R, Pinhão S. Determinants of Nutritional Risk among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Social Support. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112506. [PMID: 37299469 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that older adults are at risk for malnutrition due to several social and non-social determinants, namely physiological, psychosocial, dietary and environmental determinants. The progression to malnutrition is often insidious and undetected. Thus, nutritional assessment should consider a complex web of factors that can impact nutritional status (NS). The primary objective of this study was to assess the NS of older adults attending senior centres (SCs) and to identify its predictors. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled a sample of community-dwelling older adults in Lisbon. NS was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA®). Malnutrition or malnutrition risk (recategorised into a single group) was predicted using binary logistic regression models, considering those participants classified as having a normal NS as the reference group. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and anthropometric indices were measured according to Isak procedures. RESULTS A sample of 337 older adults, with an average age of 78.4 years old (range 66-99), mostly women (n = 210; 62.3%), were enrolled. Older adults at risk of malnutrition accounted for 40.7% of the sample. Being older (OR = 1.045, CI 95% [1.003-1.089], p = 0.037), having a worse perception of health status (OR = 3.395, CI 95% [1.182-9.746], p = 0.023), having or having had depression (OR = 5.138, CI 95% [2.869-9.201], p < 0.001), and not having or having had respiratory tract problems (OR = 0.477, CI 95% [0.246-0.925], p = 0.028) were independent predictors of malnutrition or malnutrition risk. An intermediate time of SC attendance was associated with a lower probability of malnutrition or risk (OR = 0.367, CI 95% [0.191-0.705], p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS NS among older adults has a multifactorial aetiology, with a strongly social component and is related to health circumstances. Further research is needed to timely identify and understand nutritional risk among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ganhão-Arranhado
- CINTESIS, Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Atlântica, Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Rui Poínhos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Pinhão
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Nutrição do Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E.P.E, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Moyama S, Yamada Y, Makabe N, Fujita H, Araki A, Suzuki A, Seino Y, Shide K, Kimura K, Murotani K, Honda H, Kobayashi M, Fujita S, Yasuda K, Kuroe A, Tsukiyama K, Seino Y, Yabe D. Efficacy and Safety of 6-Month High Dietary Protein Intake in Hospitalized Adults Aged 75 or Older at Nutritional Risk: An Exploratory, Randomized, Controlled Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2024. [PMID: 37432141 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of increased dietary protein in daily-life settings in Japan for 6 months on the activities of daily living (ADL) in adults aged 75 or older at nutritional risk. The study was an open-label, exploratory, randomized controlled trial conducted at seven hospitals in Japan. The study participants were adults aged 75 or older who were hospitalized for treatable cancer, pneumonia, fractures, and/or urinary-tract infection at nutritional risk. The primary outcome was change in grip strength, skeletal muscle, and ADL indices (Barthel index, Lawton score). One hundred sixty-nine patients were randomly assigned to the intensive care (IC) or standard care (SC) group; the protein intake goals (g/kgw/day) were 1.5 for IC and 1.0 for SC. There was a significant improvement in grip strength only in the IC group (1.1 kg: 95% CI 0.1 to 2.1) (p = 0.02). While the skeletal muscle index and ADL indices were not significantly improved in either group, the improvement ratio tended to be greater in the IC group. There was no decrease in renal function in either group. Thus, intervention of increased dietary protein in daily-life settings for 6 months in adults aged 75 or older with treatable cancer, pneumonia, fractures, and/or urinary-tract infection and at nutritional risk may be effective in ameliorating loss of muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Moyama
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Noboru Makabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
- Department of Human Life Sciences, Mimasaka University, Tsuyama 708-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita 010-0852, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Shide
- Department of Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kimura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, Takizawa 020-0605, Japan
| | - Kenta Murotani
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Biostatistics Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroto Honda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aino University, Ibaraki 567-0012, Japan
| | - Mariko Kobayashi
- Department of Health and Welfare, Settsu City Hall, Settsu 566-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- College of Sport and Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yasuda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saiseikai-Noe Hospital, Osaka 536-0001, Japan
| | - Akira Kuroe
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Hikone Municipal Hospital, Hikone 522-0057, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tsukiyama
- Center for Diabetes, Kobayashi Memorial Hospital, Hekinan 447-0863, Japan
| | - Yutaka Seino
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Yutaka Seino Distinguished Center for Diabetes Research, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, Kyoto 604-8436, Japan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for Preemptive Food Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Center for Research, Education and Life Design, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Carrillo E, Chaya C, Viadel A, Laguna L, Tarrega A. Early changes in elderly food habits related to reduced protein intake. Food Qual Prefer 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.104862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Assessing Gluten-Free Soy Bread Quality and Amino Acid Content. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061195. [PMID: 36981122 PMCID: PMC10048178 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The nutritional and palatability relevance of bread prepared with soy flour was examined. There are a few effective nutritional measures that combine palatability, convenience, and functionality in the suppression of muscle loss (contributing to the improvement and prevention of sarcopenia). Therefore, in the present study, we attempted to produce bread using soybeans, which are rich in amino acids involved in the synthesis and degradation of skeletal muscle proteins. Rice flour was also used to avoid gluten intolerance. The bread was baked in an automatic bread maker, and the rheological properties of its breadcrumbs were determined using a creep meter. We found that a 70 g slice of soy bread satisfied approximately one-fifth of the daily nutritional requirement for leucine. Although soy decreased the specific volume of bread by preventing starch construction, the use of preprocessed rice flour recovered the volume, and corn starch improved the taste. We propose that the addition of soy bread to the daily diet may be an effective protein source.
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Niemi C, Mortensen AM, Rautenberger R, Matsson S, Gorzsás A, Gentili FG. Rapid and accurate determination of protein content in North Atlantic seaweed by NIR and FTIR spectroscopies. Food Chem 2023; 404:134700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Colonetti T, Grande AJ, da Rocha FR, Ronconi Dondossola E, Tuon L, Gomes Batista Teles H, Minotto Bom B, Colonetti L, da Rosa MI. Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial. Nutr Health 2023; 29:129-138. [PMID: 34894861 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211060665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference (p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training (p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation (p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamy Colonetti
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio Jose Grande
- Laboratory of evidence-based practice, 67708Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Tuon
- Graduate Program in Public Health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Hajiv Gomes Batista Teles
- Residency program in Family health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Minotto Bom
- Graduate Program in Public Health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura Colonetti
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês da Rosa
- Laboratory of Biomedicine Translational, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Public Health, 97853Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, Brazil
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Kao CC, Yang ZY, Chen WL. The association between dietary fiber intake and sarcopenia. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Arentson-Lantz EJ, Layman DK, Leidy HJ, Campbell WW, Phillips SM. Important Concepts in Protein Nutrition, Aging, and Skeletal Muscle: Honoring Dr Douglas Paddon-Jones (1969-2021) by Highlighting His Research Contributions. J Nutr 2023; 153:615-621. [PMID: 36931744 PMCID: PMC10196581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a tribute to honor Dr Douglas Paddon-Jones by highlighting his career research contributions. Dr Paddon-Jones was a leader in recognizing the importance of muscle health and the interactions of physical activity and dietary protein for optimizing the health span. Aging is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength associated with reduced rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and the ability to repair and replace muscle proteins. Research from the team at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston discovered that the age-related decline in MPS could be overcome by increasing the quantity or quality of dietary protein at each meal. Dr Paddon-Jones was instrumental in proposing and testing a "protein threshold" of ∼30 g protein/meal to optimize MPS in older adults. Dr Paddon-Jones demonstrated that physical inactivity greatly accelerates the loss of muscle mass and function in older adults. His work in physical activity led him to propose the "Catabolic Crisis Model" of muscle size and function losses, suggesting that age-related muscle loss is not a linear process, but the result of acute periods of disuse associated with injuries, illnesses, and bed rest. This model creates the opportunity to provide targeted interventions via protein supplementation and/or increased dietary protein through consuming high-quality animal-source foods. He illustrated that nutritional support, particularly enhanced protein quantity, quality, and meal distribution, can help preserve muscle health during periods of inactivity and promote health across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Arentson-Lantz
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism and Rehabilitation Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Donald K Layman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pediatrics-Dell Medical, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Giraldo-Vallejo JE, Cardona-Guzmán MÁ, Rodríguez-Alcivar EJ, Kočí J, Petro JL, Kreider RB, Cannataro R, Bonilla DA. Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:819. [PMID: 36839176 PMCID: PMC9965375 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that three to five million sports injuries occur worldwide each year. The highest incidence is reported during competition periods with mainly affectation of the musculoskeletal tissue. For appropriate nutritional management and correct use of nutritional supplements, it is important to individualize based on clinical effects and know the adaptive response during the rehabilitation phase after a sports injury in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science PERSiST-based systematic integrative review was to perform an update on nutritional strategies during the rehabilitation phase of musculoskeletal injuries in elite athletes. After searching the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PEDro, and Google Scholar, a total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria (Price Index: 66.6%). The risk of bias assessment for randomized controlled trials was performed using the RoB 2.0 tool while review articles were evaluated using the AMSTAR 2.0 items. Based on the main findings of the selected studies, nutritional strategies that benefit the rehabilitation process in injured athletes include balanced energy intake, and a high-protein and carbohydrate-rich diet. Supportive supervision should be provided to avoid low energy availability. The potential of supplementation with collagen, creatine monohydrate, omega-3 (fish oils), and vitamin D requires further research although the effects are quite promising. It is worth noting the lack of clinical research in injured athletes and the higher number of reviews in the last 10 years. After analyzing the current quantitative and non-quantitative evidence, we encourage researchers to conduct further clinical research studies evaluating doses of the discussed nutrients during the rehabilitation process to confirm findings, but also follow international guidelines at the time to review scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Giraldo-Vallejo
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| | - Miguel Á. Cardona-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Ericka J. Rodríguez-Alcivar
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
| | - Jana Kočí
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Roberto Cannataro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Galascreen Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Health, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Grupo de Investigación NUTRAL, Facultad de Ciencias de Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad CES, Medellín 050021, Colombia
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
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45
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van der Heijden I, Monteyne AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:206-230. [PMID: 35960188 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal-derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown "meat") to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Okamoto Y, Sakaguchi T, Ikematsu Y, Kanai T, Hirayama K, Tamura H, Hayashi T, Nishiwaki Y, Konno H, Aoki K. Early enteral nutrition with arginine compensates for negative nitrogen balance in patients undergoing curative total gastrectomy. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2023; 70:325-333. [PMID: 37940515 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.70.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of early enteral arginine-rich nutrition (EAN) were analyzed among patients undergoing curative-intent total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. There were 19 patients in this prospective study, all randomly assigned to either a parenteral nutrition (PN) group or an EAN group for the first seven days after surgery. The EAN group received 1.8-fold greater arginine (10.1 g/day) compared with the PN group, which was administered through an enteral tube inserted into the jejunal loop. Both groups were provided almost identical amounts of total amino acids (54 g/day), and the total energy was set at 65% of the total requirement (25 kcal/kg/day). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, oral intake, nutritional status, or body weight. The serum arginine profile was similar in the two groups, as it decreased significantly on postoperative day (POD) 1, and gradually returned to preoperative levels by POD 7. The nitrogen balance remained negative until POD 7 in the PN group, but turned neutral at POD 7 in the EAN group. While we could not confirm body weight loss improvement, these results suggested that early arginine-rich enteral nutrition could improve the nitrogen balance after total gastrectomy. J. Med. Invest. 70 : 325-333, August, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Home Economics, Aichi Gakusen University, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Clinical Nutritional Management, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshito Ikematsu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kanai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- Surgery, Shizuoka City Shimizu Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadataka Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Nishiwaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Aoki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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de Marco Castro E, Valli G, Buffière C, Guillet C, Mullen B, Pratt J, Horner K, Naumann-Gola S, Bader-Mittermaier S, Paganini M, De Vito G, Roche HM, Dardevet D. Peripheral Amino Acid Appearance Is Lower Following Plant Protein Fibre Products, Compared to Whey Protein and Fibre Ingestion, in Healthy Older Adults despite Optimised Amino Acid Profile. Nutrients 2022; 15:35. [PMID: 36615694 PMCID: PMC9824653 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based proteins are generally characterised by lower Indispensable Amino Acid (IAA) content, digestibility, and anabolic properties, compared to animal-based proteins. However, they are environmentally friendlier, and wider consumption is advocated. Older adults have higher dietary protein needs to prevent sarcopenia, a disease marked by an accelerated loss of muscle mass and function. Given the lower environmental footprint of plant-based proteins and the importance of optimising dietary protein quality among older adults, this paper aims to assess the net peripheral Amino Acid (AA) appearance after ingestion of three different plant protein and fibre (PPF) products, compared to whey protein with added fibre (WPF), in healthy older adults. In a randomised, single-blind, crossover design, nine healthy men and women aged ≥65 years consumed four test meals balanced in AA according to the FAO reference protein for humans, matched for leucine, to optimally stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults. A fasted blood sample was drawn at each visit before consuming the test meal, followed by postprandial arterialise blood sampling every 30 min for 3 h. The test meal was composed of a soup containing either WPF or PPF 1-3. The PPF blends comprised pea proteins with varying additional rice, pumpkin, soy, oat, and/or almond protein. PPF product ingestion resulted in a lower maximal increase of postprandial leucine concentration and the sum of branched-chain AA (BCAA) and IAA concentrations, compared to WPF, with no effect on their incremental area under the curve. Plasma methionine and cysteine, and to a lesser extent threonine, appearance were limited after consuming the PPF products, but not WPF. Despite equal leucine doses, the WPF induced greater postprandial insulin concentrations than the PPF products. In conclusion, the postprandial appearance of AA is highly dependent on the protein source in older adults, despite providing equivalent IAA levels and dietary fibre. Coupled with lower insulin concentrations, this could imply less anabolic potential. Further investigation is required to understand the applicability of plant-based proteins in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena de Marco Castro
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giacomo Valli
- Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Caroline Buffière
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Rte de Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Rte de Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Brian Mullen
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jedd Pratt
- Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Katy Horner
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susanne Naumann-Gola
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Str., 85354 Freising, Germany
| | | | - Matteo Paganini
- Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Helen M. Roche
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biological Sciences, The Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Rte de Theix, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Ouyang Y, Huang F, Zhang X, Li L, Zhang B, Wang Z, Wang H. Association of Dietary Protein Intake with Muscle Mass in Elderly Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235130. [PMID: 36501159 PMCID: PMC9738702 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Most data regarding the association between dietary protein intake and muscle mass come from developed Western countries. This cross-sectional study investigates the association between the amount and distribution of dietary protein intake and muscle mass in elderly Chinese adults. This analysis includes 4826 participants aged 60 years and above from the dataset of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2018. Protein intake data were assessed using 3-day, 24 h dietary recalls. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was obtained using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Two-thirds of dietary protein intake comes from plant sources in the elderly Chinese population. The median total dietary protein intake was 60.5 g/d in low muscle mass participants for males and 52.5 g/d for females, which was lower than for their respective counterparts. Compared to the lowest quartile of protein intake, the highest total protein intake group had increased muscle mass by 0.96 kg among men and by 0.48 kg among women (p < 0.0001), and the highest vegetable protein intake group had increased muscle mass by 0.76 kg among men and by 0.35 kg among women (p < 0.0001). The amount of dietary protein intake with each meal was less than 20 g. High total protein intake and high plant-based protein intake were positively associated with higher muscle mass. A U-shape was observed between total dietary protein intake and low muscle mass risk in elderly Chinese adults. It should be encouraged to increase total daily protein intake to maintain muscle health.
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Grasso AC, Olthof MR, Reinders I, Wijnhoven HAH, Visser M, Brouwer IA. Effect of personalized dietary advice to increase protein intake on food consumption and the environmental impact of the diet in community-dwelling older adults: results from the PROMISS trial. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4015-4026. [PMID: 35788775 PMCID: PMC9596580 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet modelling studies suggest that increasing protein intake with no consideration for sustainability results in a higher environmental impact on the diet. To better understand the impact in real life, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary advice to increase protein intake on food consumption and the environmental impact of the diet in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Food consumption and environmental impact were analyzed among 124 Dutch older adults with lower habitual protein intake (< 1.0 g/kg adjusted body weight/day) participating in the six-month PROMISS trial. Dietary intake data from three 24-h dietary recalls, aided by food diaries, and results from life cycle assessments were used to examine the differences in changes in food consumption and environmental impact between those who received dietary advice to isocalorically increase protein intake to ≥ 1.2 g/kg aBW/d (Protein + ; n = 84) and those who did not receive dietary advice (Control; n = 40). RESULTS Compared to the Control, Protein + increased protein intake from animal-based food products (11.0 g protein/d, 95% CI 6.6-15.4, p < 0.001), plant-based food products (2.1 g protein/d, 95% CI 0.2-4.0, p = 0.031) and protein-enriched food products provided during the trial (18 g protein/d, 95% CI 14.5-21.6, p < 0.001) at the 6-month follow-up. Diet-associated greenhouse gas emissions increased by 16% (p < 0.001), land use by 19% (p < 0.001), terrestrial acidification by 20% (p = 0.01), and marine eutrophication by 16% (p = 0.035) in Protein + compared to the Control. CONCLUSION This study found that dietary advice increased protein intake, favoring animal-based protein, and increased the environmental impact of the diet in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03712306. October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Grasso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R Olthof
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Reinders
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke A H Wijnhoven
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, and the Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Boelens YF, Strookappe B, Vasse E, Mensink M, van Zanten AR. The effect of an intervention of porcine protein versus maltodextrin supplement on CONvalescence of FUnCtional outcomes after IcU Stay (CONFUCIUS): Study protocol for a randomized controlled, single-center, double-blind trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:86-93. [PMID: 36513490 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients discharged from the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) frequently suffer from ICU-acquired weakness because of immobilization and massive inflammation-induced muscle mass loss. Consequently, rehospitalization, reduced quality of life (QoL), increased disabilities, and higher post-ICU mortality is observed. Exercise rehabilitation and optimal nutrition, particularly protein intake, are pivotal to regaining muscle mass and function. Studies have shown that protein requirements in the post-ICU phase are often unmet. Furthermore, protein supplementation in other patient groups has shown beneficial effects. However, a study on protein supplementation during the post-ICU period is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of a six-week intervention of daily porcine protein supplementation versus an isocaloric control (maltodextrin) on functional outcomes in the post-ICU period in patients with moderately severe ICU-acquired weakness. METHODS 72 post-ICU patients with moderately severe ICU-acquired weakness of Hospital Gelderse Vallei will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group (36 per arm). The intervention group receives a porcine protein supplement twice a day. The control group receives a maltodextrin supplement twice a day. The intervention starts on the first day in the general ward and lasts 42 days (6 weeks). The primary outcome is the between-group difference in physical function at hospital discharge (t;=2), the end of the intervention (t;=3, day 42), and the 3-month follow-up (t;=4) expressed as a composite score consisting of handgrip strength, muscle strength leg, muscle strength arm and exercise capacity. Secondary outcomes encompass physical function, QoL, Activity of daily living (ADL), and plasma amino acids concentrations. Lastly, ICU readmission after ICU discharge, hospital readmission after hospital discharge, and overall survival status will be considered. Linear mixed models will be used to test the treatment effect for the primary and secondary outcome measures. DISCUSSION This trial will be the first to investigate porcine protein supplementation compared with carbohydrate supplementation in the post-ICU period aiming to improve functional outcomes of ICU survivors with moderately severe ICU-acquired weakness. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Number: NCT05405764.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yente Fn Boelens
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippenweg 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bert Strookappe
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Department of Physiotherapy, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, the Netherlands.
| | - Emmelyne Vasse
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco Mensink
- Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippenweg 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Arthur Rh van Zanten
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, the Netherlands; Wageningen University & Research, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Stippenweg 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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