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Wesseling M, Diez-Benavente E, Mokry M, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G. A critical appreciation of pathway analysis in atherosclerotic disease. Cellular phenotypic plasticity as an illustrative example. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107286. [PMID: 38408531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancements in genome-scale (omics) techniques has created significant opportunities to investigate complex disease mechanisms in tissues and cells. Nevertheless, interpreting -omics data can be challenging, and pathway enrichment analysis is a frequently used method to identify candidate molecular pathways that drive gene expression changes. With a growing number of -omics studies dedicated to atherosclerosis, there has been a significant increase in studies and hypotheses relying on enrichment analysis. This brief review discusses the benefits and limitations of pathway enrichment analysis within atherosclerosis research. We highlight the challenges of identifying complex biological processes, such as cell phenotypic switching, within -omics data. Additionally, we emphasize the need for more comprehensive and curated gene sets that reflect the biological complexity of atherosclerosis. Pathway enrichment analysis is a valuable tool for gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, it is crucial to remain aware of the intrinsic limitations of this approach. By addressing these weaknesses, enrichment analysis in atherosclerosis can lead to breakthroughs in identifying the mechanisms of disease progresses, the identification of key driver genes, and consequently, advance personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wesseling
- Central Diagnostics Laboratories, Department of Laboratory, pharmacy and biomedical genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Diez-Benavente
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratories, Department of Laboratory, pharmacy and biomedical genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H M den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratories, Department of Laboratory, pharmacy and biomedical genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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2
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Song Y, Zhang Q, Ban R, Zhao X, Sun H, Lin J, Guo T, Wang T, Xia K, Xin Z, Zhang G, Jia X, Xia Z. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals that macrophages and smooth muscle cells promote carotid atherosclerosis progression through mitochondrial autophagy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37171. [PMID: 38363908 PMCID: PMC10869093 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerotic plaques are the manifestation of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries and can significantly increase the incidence of cerebrovascular disease. Macrophages and smooth muscle cells are crucial for their development. To reveal the mechanism of carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the carotid plaque tissue and identified 11 cell types, and the macrophages were divided into 5 different macrophage subpopulations. The macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques caused intraplaque cell death via the mitochondrial autophagic pathway, resulting in plaque instability and rupture, which in turn led to clinical cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. The findings provide new insights into carotid atherosclerosis formation, and this may provide new directions for the prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Song
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Ru Ban
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Jie Lin
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng Third People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, PR China
| | - Zhenxue Xin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, PR China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, PR China
| | - Zhangyong Xia
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, PR China
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3
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Wang X, Ma X, Zeng Y, Xu L, Zhang M. Hypermethylation of the CTRP9 promoter region promotes Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell formation via negatively regulating ER stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19438. [PMID: 37945738 PMCID: PMC10636064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (As), the current study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on inducing the lipid deposition and foam cell formation of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) via C1q/Tumor necrosis factor-related protein9 (CTRP9) promoter region Hypermethylation negative regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs). Therefore, apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were randomly divided into the control [ApoE-/- + normal diet (NC)] and high methionine [ApoE-/- + (normal diet supplemented with 1.7% methionine (HMD)] groups (n = 6 mice/group). Following feeding for 15 weeks, the serum levels of Homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. HE and oil red O staining were performed on the aorta roots to observe the pathological changes. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of CTRP9, glucose-regulated protein 78 kD (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (p-PERK), activating transcription factor 6a (ATF6a), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (p-IRE1α), sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1c (SREBP1c) and sterol regulatory element binding proteins-2 (SREBP2) in VSMC derived from murine aortic roots. In vitro, VSMC was stimulated with 100 μmol/l Hcy. After transfection of plasmids with overexpression and interference of CTRP9, ERs agonist (TM) and inhibitor (4-PBA) were given to stimulate VSMC cells. HE staining and oil red O staining were used to observe the effect of Hcy stimulation on lipid deposition in VSMC. Additionally, The mRNA and protein expression levels of CTRP9, GRP78, PERK, ATF6a, IRE1α, SREBP1c, and SREBP2 in VSMC were detected by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Finally, The methylation modification of the CTRP9 promoter region has been studied. The NCBI database was used to search the promoter region of the CTRP9 gene, and CpG Island was used to predict the methylation site. After Hcy stimulation of VSMC, overexpression of DNMT1, and intervention with 5-Azc, assess the methylation level of the CTRP9 promoter through bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The results showed that the serum levels of Hcy, TC, and TG in the ApoE-/- + HMD group were significantly increased compared with the ApoE-/- + NC group. In addition, HE staining and oil red O staining showed obvious AS plaque formation in the vessel wall, and a large amount of fat deposition in VSMC, thus indicating that the hyperhomocysteinemia As an animal model was successfully established. Furthermore, CTRP9 were downregulated, while GRP78, p-PERK, ATF6a, p-IRE1α, SREBP1c, SREBP2 was upregulated in aortic VSMC in the ApoE-/- + HMD group. Consistent with the in vivo results, Hcy can inhibit the expression of CTRP9 in VSMC and induce ERs and lipid deposition in VSMC. Meanwhile, the increased expression of CTRP9 can reduce ERs and protect the lipid deposition in Hcy induced VSMC. Furthermore, ERs can promote Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition, inhibition of ERs can reduce Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition, and CTRP9 may play a protective role in Hcy induced VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell transformation through negative regulation of ERs. In addition, The CTRP9 promoter in the Hcy group showed hypermethylation. At the same time as Hcy intervention, overexpression of DNMT1 increases the methylation level of the CTRP9 promoter, while 5-Azc can reduce the methylation level of the CTRP9 promoter. Finally, Hcy can up-regulate the expression of DNMT1 and down-regulate the expression of CTRP9. After overexpression of DNMT1, the expression of CTRP9 is further decreased. After 5-Azc inhibition of DNMT1, the expression of DNMT1 decreases, while the expression of CTRP9 increases. It is suggested that the molecular mechanism of Hcy inhibiting the expression of CTRP9 is related to the hypermethylation of the CTRP9 promoter induced by Hcy and regulated by DNMT1. 5-Azc can inhibit the expression of DNMT1 and reverse the regulatory effect of DNMT1 on CTRP9. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that Hcy induces DNA hypermethylation in the CTRP9 promoter region by up-regulating DNMT1 expression, and negatively regulates ERs mediated VSMC lipid deposition and foam cell formation. CTRP9 may potentially be a therapeutic target in the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbo Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research of National Health Commission, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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Diez Benavente E, Karnewar S, Buono M, Mili E, Hartman RJ, Kapteijn D, Slenders L, Daniels M, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DP, Prange KH, Depuydt MA, de Winther MP, Kuiper J, Björkegren JL, Erdmann J, Civelek M, Mokry M, Owens GK, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM. Female Gene Networks Are Expressed in Myofibroblast-Like Smooth Muscle Cells in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1836-1850. [PMID: 37589136 PMCID: PMC10521798 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women presenting with coronary artery disease more often present with fibrous atherosclerotic plaques, which are currently understudied. Phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to atherosclerosis in women. How these phenotypically modulated SMCs shape female versus male plaques is unknown. METHODS Gene regulatory networks were created using RNAseq gene expression data from human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The networks were prioritized based on sex bias, relevance for smooth muscle biology, and coronary artery disease genetic enrichment. Network expression was linked to histologically determined plaque phenotypes. In addition, their expression in plaque cell types was studied at single-cell resolution using single-cell RNAseq. Finally, their relevance for disease progression was studied in female and male Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 18 and 30 weeks. RESULTS Here, we identify multiple sex-stratified gene regulatory networks from human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Prioritization of the female networks identified 2 main SMC gene regulatory networks in late-stage atherosclerosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing mapped these female networks to 2 SMC phenotypes: a phenotypically modulated myofibroblast-like SMC network and a contractile SMC network. The myofibroblast-like network was mostly expressed in plaques that were vulnerable in women. Finally, the mice ortholog of key driver gene MFGE8 (milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing) showed retained expression in advanced plaques from female mice but was downregulated in male mice during atherosclerosis progression. CONCLUSIONS Female atherosclerosis is characterized by gene regulatory networks that are active in fibrous vulnerable plaques rich in myofibroblast-like SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (S.K., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michele Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robin J.G. Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (R.A.)
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
| | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique P.V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Koen H.M. Prange
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers — location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., J.K.)
| | - Menno P.J. de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers — location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., J.K.)
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.L.M.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.C.)
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville (M.C.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (S.K., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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5
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Yang L, Du B, Zhang S, Wang M. FAM3A mediates the phenotypic switch of human aortic smooth muscle cells stimulated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein by influencing the PI3K-AKT pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:431-442. [PMID: 37474885 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Family with sequence similarity 3 member A (FAM3A) is a multifunctional protein that is related to the pathological process of various disorders. FAM3A is reportedly able to affect the phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells under a hypertensive state. Whether FAM3A mediates the phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells under an atherosclerotic state remains unaddressed. This work investigated the roles and mechanisms of FAM3A in mediating the phenotypic switch of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) stimulated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in vitro. FAM3A expression was elevated in HASMCs following ox-LDL treatment. FAM3A silencing led to a suppressive effect on ox-LDL-provoked proliferation, migration and inflammation of HASMCs, whereas FAM3A overexpression had an opposite effect. Ox-LDL elicited a change in HASMCs from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype, which was inhibited by FAM3A silencing or enhanced by FAM3A overexpression. Further investigation elucidated that FAM3A silencing repressed and FAM3A overexpression promoted ox-LDL-induced activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in HASMCs. Reactivation of AKT reversed the suppressive effect of FAM3A silencing on the ox-LDL-induced phenotypic switch of HASMCs. Restraining AKT blocked the promoting effect of FAM3A overexpression on the ox-LDL-induced phenotypic switch of HASMCs. In summary, this work elucidates that FAM3A mediates the ox-LDL-induced phenotypic switch of HASMCs by influencing the PI3K-AKT pathway, indicating a potential role for FAM3A in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Du
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710038, People's Republic of China.
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Chen MX, Deng BY, Liu ST, Wang ZB, Wang SZ. Salusins: advance in cardiovascular disease research. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:363-369. [PMID: 36508340 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Salusins are discovered in 2003 and divided into salusin-α and salusin-β, which are bioactive peptides with hemodynamic and mitotic activity and mainly distributed in plasma, urine, endocrine glands and kidneys. A large number of studies have shown that salusins can regulate lipid metabolism, inflammatory response and vascular proliferation. Despite the profound and diverse physiological properties of salusins, the exact mechanism of their cardiovascular effects remains to be determined. The potential mechanisms of action of salusins in cardiovascular-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and myocarditis, and their use as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease are discussed. This review aims to provide a new strategy for the diagnosis and prevention of clinical cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Bo-Yan Deng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zong-Bao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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7
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Benavente ED, Karnewar S, Buono M, Mili E, Hartman RJG, Kapteijn D, Slenders L, Daniels M, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DPV, Prange KHM, Depuydt MAC, de Winther MPJ, Kuiper J, Björkegren JLM, Erdmann J, Civelek M, Mokry M, Owens GK, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM. Female gene networks are expressed in myofibroblast-like smooth muscle cells in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527690. [PMID: 36798294 PMCID: PMC9934638 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Women presenting with coronary artery disease (CAD) more often present with fibrous atherosclerotic plaques, which are currently understudied. Phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to atherosclerosis in women. How these phenotypically modulated SMCs shape female versus male plaques is unknown. Here, we show sex-stratified gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from human carotid atherosclerotic tissue. Prioritization of these networks identified two main SMC GRNs in late-stage atherosclerosis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing mapped these GRNs to two SMC phenotypes: a phenotypically modulated myofibroblast-like SMC network and a contractile SMC network. The myofibroblast-like GRN was mostly expressed in plaques that were vulnerable in females. Finally, mice orthologs of the female myofibroblast-like genes showed retained expression in advanced plaques from female mice but were downregulated in male mice during atherosclerosis progression. Female atherosclerosis is driven by GRNs that promote a fibrous vulnerable plaque rich in myofibroblast-like SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michele Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robin J. G. Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | | | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique P. V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Koen H. M. Prange
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A. C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University’ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan L. M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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Aroda VR, Eckel RH. Reconsidering the role of glycaemic control in cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes: A 21st century assessment. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2297-2308. [PMID: 35929480 PMCID: PMC9804800 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the multiple factors contributing to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) confer an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the relationship between hyperglycaemia and increased microvascular risk is well established, the relative contribution of hyperglycaemia to macrovascular events has been strongly debated, particularly owing to the failure of attempts to reduce CVD risk through normalizing glycaemia with traditional therapies in high-risk populations. The debate has been further fuelled by the relatively recent discovery of the cardioprotective properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Further, as guidelines now recommend individualizing glycaemic targets, highlighting the importance of achieving glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goals safely, the previously observed negative influences of intensive therapy on CVD risk might not present if trials were repeated using current-day treatments and individualized HbA1c goals. Emerging longitudinal data illuminate the overall effect of excess glucose, the impacts of magnitude and duration of hyperglycaemia on disease progression and risk of CVD complications, and the importance of glycaemic control at or early after diagnosis of T2D for prevention of complications. Herein, we review the role of glucose as a modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor, the role of microvascular disease in predicting macrovascular risk, and the deleterious impact of therapeutic inertia on CVD risk. We reconcile new and old data to offer a current perspective, highlighting the importance of effective, early treatment in reducing latent CV risk, and the timely use of appropriate therapy individualized to each patient's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita R. Aroda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and HypertensionBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusetts
| | - Robert H. Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, and the Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColorado
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9
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Platelet membrane-cloaked selenium/ginsenoside Rb1 nanosystem as biomimetic reactor for atherosclerosis therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112464. [PMID: 35334311 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the dominant contributor to human mortality, and the main etiology of which is atherosclerosis (AS). Enhancing the targeted ability of nanosystem and improving plaque stability are critical challenges for the current management of AS. Herein, we leverage the marked role of platelets in AS to construct a biomimetic nanodrug delivery system (PM@Se/Rb1 NPs), which prepared by cloaking platelet membrane (PM) around Selenium (Se) and ginsenoside Rb1 nanoparticles (Se/Rb1 NPs) core. The core endows the delivery system antioxidant, lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects for AS effective treatment. Moreover, PM-coated nanoparticles reserve platelets' inherent biological elements to deliver drugs to plaques. We further explored the potential effect of PM@Se/Rb1 NPs' combination with the clinical anticoagulant drug warfarin (War) to treat AS and elucidated the possible drug interaction mechanism. As a result, the PM@Se/Rb1 NPs are not only capable of improving inflammatory behaviors such as inhibitory adhesion ability and anti-angiogenesis therapeutic effect in vitro, but also administer efficiently localizing to atherosclerotic plaque explaining by aortic samples from established ApoE-/- mice. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis of biomimetic nanodrug in the treatment of AS as well as an effective reference for the combined application of nanodrug and clinical drugs.
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10
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Yu Y, Sun Q, Li T, Ren X, Lin L, Sun M, Duan J, Sun Z. Adverse outcome pathway of fine particulate matter leading to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: An integrated perspective from toxicology and epidemiology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128368. [PMID: 35149491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is a major threat to public health, and is listed as one of the leading factors associated with global premature mortality. Among the adverse health effects on multiple organs or tissues, the influence of PM2.5 exposure on cardiovascular system has drawn more and more attention. Although numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular toxicity of PM2.5, the various mechanisms have not been integrated due to the variety of the study models, different levels of toxicity assessment endpoints, etc. Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is a useful tool to achieve this goal so as to facilitate comprehensive understanding of toxicity assessment of PM2.5 on cardiovascular system. This review aims to illustrate the causal mechanistic relationships of PM2.5-triggered cardiovascular toxicity from different levels (from molecular/cellular/organ to individual/population) by using AOP framework. Based on the AOP Wiki and published literature, we propose an AOP framework focusing on the cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM2.5 exposure. The molecular initiating event (MIE) is identified as reactive oxygen species generation, followed by the key events (KEs) of oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction, which induces vascular endothelial dysfunction via vascular endothelial cell autophagy dysfunction, vascular fibrosis via vascular smooth muscle cell activation, cardiac dysregulation via myocardial apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis via fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation, respectively; all of the above cardiovascular injuries ultimately elevate cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. As far as we know, this is the first work on PM2.5-related cardiovascular AOP construction. In the future, more work needs to be done to explore new markers in the safety assessment of cardiovascular toxicity induced by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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11
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Liu H, Pietersz G, Peter K, Wang X. Nanobiotechnology approaches for cardiovascular diseases: site-specific targeting of drugs and nanoparticles for atherothrombosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:75. [PMID: 35135581 PMCID: PMC8822797 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis, the major contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), represent the leading cause of death worldwide. Current pharmacological therapies have been associated with side effects or are insufficient at halting atherosclerotic progression effectively. Pioneering work harnessing the passive diffusion or endocytosis properties of nanoparticles and advanced biotechnologies in creating recombinant proteins for site-specific delivery have been utilized to overcome these limitations. Since CVDs are complex diseases, the most challenging aspect of developing site-specific therapies is the identification of an individual and unique antigenic epitope that is only expressed in lesions or diseased areas. This review focuses on the pathological mechanism of atherothrombosis and discusses the unique targets that are important during disease progression. We review recent advances in site-specific therapy using novel targeted drug-delivery and nanoparticle-carrier systems. Furthermore, we explore the limitations and future perspectives of site-specific therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Liu
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Namiguchi K, Sakaue T, Okazaki M, Kanno K, Komoda Y, Shikata F, Kurata M, Ota N, Kubota Y, Kurobe H, Nishimura T, Masumoto J, Higashiyama S, Izutani H. Unique Angiogenesis From Cardiac Arterioles During Pericardial Adhesion Formation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:761591. [PMID: 35187100 PMCID: PMC8852280 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The molecular mechanisms underlying post-operative pericardial adhesions remain poorly understood. We aimed to unveil the temporal molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tissue dynamics during adhesion formation, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Methods and Results We visualized cell-based tissue dynamics during pericardial adhesion using histological evaluations. To determine the molecular mechanism, RNA-seq was performed. Chemical inhibitors were administered to confirm the molecular mechanism underlying adhesion formation. A high degree of adhesion formation was observed during the stages in which collagen production was promoted. Histological analyses showed that arterioles excessively sprouted from pericardial tissues after the accumulation of neutrophils on the heart surface in mice as well as humans. The combination of RNA-seq and histological analyses revealed that hyperproliferative endothelial and smooth muscle cells with dedifferentiation appeared in cytokine-exposed sprouting vessels and adhesion tissue but not in quiescent vessels in the heart. SMAD2/3 and ERK activation was observed in sprouting vessels. The simultaneous abrogation of PI3K/ERK or TGF-β/MMP9 signaling significantly decreased angiogenic sprouting, followed by inhibition of adhesion formation. Depleting MMP9-positive neutrophils shortened mice survival and decreased angiogenic sprouting and fibrosis in the adhesion. Our data suggest that TGF-β/matrix metalloproteinase-dependent tissue remodeling and PI3K/ERK signaling activation might contribute to unique angiogenesis with dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype for fibrosis in the pericardial cavity. Conclusions Our findings provide new insights in developing prevention strategies for pericardial adhesions by targeting the recruitment of vascular cells from heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Namiguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tomohisa Sakaue
| | - Mikio Okazaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaho Kanno
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yuhei Komoda
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Shikata
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Division of Analytical Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ota
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kurobe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Division of Analytical Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Department of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Toon, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Izutani
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
- Hironori Izutani
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13
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Snarski P, Sukhanov S, Yoshida T, Higashi Y, Danchuk S, Chandrasekar B, Tian D, Rivera-Lopez V, Delafontaine P. Macrophage-Specific IGF-1 Overexpression Reduces CXCL12 Chemokine Levels and Suppresses Atherosclerotic Burden in Apoe-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:113-126. [PMID: 34852642 PMCID: PMC8792341 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) exerts pleiotropic effects including promotion of cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and anabolism. We have shown that systemic IGF-1 administration reduced atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice, and this effect was associated with a reduction in lesional macrophages and a decreased number of foam cells in the plaque. Almost all cell types secrete IGF-1, but the effect of macrophage-derived IGF-1 on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is poorly understood. We hypothesized that macrophage-derived IGF-1 will reduce atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: We created macrophage-specific IGF-1 overexpressing mice on an Apoe-/- background. Macrophage-specific IGF-1 overexpression reduced plaque macrophages, foam cells, and atherosclerotic burden and promoted features of stable atherosclerotic plaque. Macrophage-specific IGF1 mice had a reduction in monocyte infiltration into plaque, decreased expression of CXCL12 (CXC chemokine ligand 12), and upregulation of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter 1), a cholesterol efflux regulator, in atherosclerotic plaque and in peritoneal macrophages. IGF-1 prevented oxidized lipid-induced CXCL12 upregulation and foam cell formation in cultured THP-1 macrophages and increased lipid efflux. We also found an increase in cholesterol efflux in macrophage-specific IGF1-derived peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage IGF-1 overexpression reduced atherosclerotic burden and increased features of plaque stability, likely via a reduction in CXCL12-mediated monocyte recruitment and an increase in ABCA1-dependent macrophage lipid efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Snarski
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sergiy Sukhanov
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Svitlana Danchuk
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Bysani Chandrasekar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Di Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | | | - Patrick Delafontaine
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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14
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Yang T, Minami M, Yoshida K, Nagata M, Yamamoto Y, Takayama N, Suzuki K, Miyata T, Okawa M, Miyamoto S. Niclosamide downregulates LOX-1 expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells and changes the composition of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE -/- mice. Heart Vessels 2021; 37:517-527. [PMID: 34807278 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Genetic lineage tracing studies have shown that phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) results in less-differentiated cells, including macrophage-like cells that lack traditional VSMC markers. This switching contributes to the formation of necrotic core in plaques and promotes atherosclerosis, which is important for plaque stability. Niclosamide, a commonly used anti-helminthic drug, has recently attracted attention as an anti-cancer drug that inhibits multiple signaling pathways. The expression of the S100A4 protein is upregulated in synthetic VSMCs and inhibited by niclosamide on metastatic progression in colon cancer. We aimed to test the effect of niclosamide on VSMC phenotype switching and plaque stability. To examine murine atherosclerosis, we induced experimental lesions by blood flow cessation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. Oral administration of niclosamide changed 4-week-old plaques to collagen-rich and less-necrotic core phenotypes and downregulated the expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) in vivo. In vitro analysis indicated that niclosamide reduced LOX-1 expression in VSMCs in a concentration-dependent and S100A4-independent manner. The inhibitory effect of niclosamide on LOX-1 and collagen type I was associated with the inactivation of the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. We demonstrated that the administration of niclosamide reduced LOX-1 expression and altered the composition of murine carotid plaques. Our results highlight the potential of niclosamide as an atheroprotective agent that enhances atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Manabu Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Takayama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masakazu Okawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogun, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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15
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Circular RNA circUBR4 regulates ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through miR-185-5p/FRS2 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3899-3910. [PMID: 34159479 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play vital roles in atherosclerosis. However, the precise roles of circUBR4 in atherosclerosis remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the regulatory roles of circUBR4 in atherosclerosis. The expression levels of circUBR4, miR-185-5p, and Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 (FRS2) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic atherosclerosis condition in vitro. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazol-3-ium bromide (MTT), colony-forming, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to assess cell migration. The interaction relationship between miR-185-5p and circUBR4 or FRS2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. CircUBR4 was overexpressed in atherosclerosis patients and VSMCs treated with ox-LDL, and the knockdown of circUBR4 abolished ox-LDL-induced enhanced effects on the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. MiR-185-5p, interacted with FRS2, was a target of circUBR4 in VSMCs. The silencing of miR-185-5p reversed the effects caused by circUBR4 knockdown on ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. In addition, overexpression of miR-185-5p suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by targeting FRS2. CircUBR4 contributed to ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through up-regulating FRS2 via miR-185-5p.
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16
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Mao X, Tan Y, Wang H, Li S, Zhou Y. Substrate Stiffness Regulates Cholesterol Efflux in Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648715. [PMID: 34084769 PMCID: PMC8168435 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The infiltration and deposition of cholesterol in the arterial wall play an important role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cell type in the intima. Upon exposure to cholesterol, SMCs may undergo a phenotype switching into foam cells. Meanwhile, the pathological processes of the blood vessel such as cholesterol deposition and calcification induce the changes in the substrate stiffness around SMCs. However, whether substrate stiffness affects the cholesterol accumulation in SMCs and the formation of foam cells is not well-understood. In this study, SMCs were cultured on the substrates with different stiffnesses ranging from 1 to 100 kPa and treated with cholesterol. We found that cholesterol accumulation in SMCs was higher on 1 and 100 kPa substrates than that on intermediate stiffness at 40 kPa; consistently, total cholesterol (TC) content on 1 and 100 kPa substrates was also higher. As a result, the accumulation of cholesterol increased the expression of macrophage marker CD68 and downregulated SMC contractile marker smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression level of cholesterol efflux gene ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was much higher on 40 kPa substrate. With the treatment of a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist GW3965, the expression of ABCA1 increased and cholesterol loading decreased, showing an additive effect with substrate stiffness. In contrast, inhibition of LXR decreased ABCA1 gene expression and increased cholesterol accumulation in SMCs. Consistently, when ABCA1 gene was knockdown, the cholesterol accumulation was increased in SMCs on all substrates with different stiffness. These results revealed that substrate stiffness played an important role on SMCs cholesterol accumulation by regulating the ABCA1 expression. Our findings on the effects of substrate stiffness on cholesterol efflux unravel a new mechanism of biophysical regulation of cholesterol metabolism and SMC phenotype, and provide a rational basis for the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Mao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Tan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huali Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Bonetti J, Corti A, Lerouge L, Pompella A, Gaucher C. Phenotypic Modulation of Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis-Nitro-Redox Interconnections. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040516. [PMID: 33810295 PMCID: PMC8066740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are the main cell types implicated in atherosclerosis development, and unlike other mature cell types, both retain a remarkable plasticity. In mature vessels, differentiated vSMCs control the vascular tone and the blood pressure. In response to vascular injury and modifications of the local environment (inflammation, oxidative stress), vSMCs switch from a contractile to a secretory phenotype and also display macrophagic markers expression and a macrophagic behaviour. Endothelial dysfunction promotes adhesion to the endothelium of monocytes, which infiltrate the sub-endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. The latter become polarised into M1 (pro-inflammatory), M2 (anti-inflammatory) or Mox macrophages (oxidative stress phenotype). Both monocyte-derived macrophages and macrophage-like vSMCs are able to internalise and accumulate oxLDL, leading to formation of “foam cells” within atherosclerotic plaques. Variations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) can affect several of the molecular pathways implicated in the described phenomena. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could help to identify novel specific therapeutic targets, but to date much remains to be explored. The present article is an overview of the different factors and signalling pathways implicated in plaque formation and of the effects of NO on the molecular steps of the phenotypic switch of macrophages and vSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bonetti
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucie Lerouge
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2218-537
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
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18
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Han JH, Park HS, Lee DH, Jo JH, Heo KS, Myung CS. Regulation of autophagy by controlling Erk1/2 and mTOR for platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype shift. Life Sci 2021; 267:118978. [PMID: 33412209 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype shift is involved in the pathophysiology of vascular injury or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced abnormal proliferation and migration of VSMCs. We aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism involved in PDGF-mediated signaling pathways and autophagy regulation followed by VSMC phenotype shift. MAIN METHODS The proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cultured rat aortic VSMCs were measured, and cells undergoing phenotype shift and autophagy were examined. Specific inhibitors for target proteins in signaling pathways were applied to clarify their roles in regulating cell functions. KEY FINDINGS PDGF-BB stimulation initiated autophagy activation and synthetic phenotype transition by decreasing α-smooth muscle-actin (SMA), calponin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) and increasing osteopontin (OPN) expression. However, U0126, a potent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) inhibitor, decreased PDGF-BB-induced LC3 expression, while rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), increased it. Furthermore, U0126 decreased the expresseion of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) such as beclin-1, Atg7, Atg5, and Atg12-Atg5 complex, indicating that Erk1/2 is a regulator of PDGF-BB-induced VSMC autophagy. Regardless of autophagy inhibition by U0126 or activation by rapamycin, the PDGF-BB-induced decrease in SMA, calponin and MHC and increase in OPN expression were inhibited. Furthermore, PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were inhibited by U0126 and rapamycin. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that PDGF-BB-induced autophagy is strongly regulated by Erk1/2, an mTOR-independent pathway, and any approach for targeting autophagy modulation is a potential therapeutic strategy for addressing abnormal VSMC proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hwan Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Tang Y, Song H, Shen Y, Yao Y, Yu Y, Wei G, Long B, Yan W. MiR-155 acts as an inhibitory factor in atherosclerosis-associated arterial pathogenesis by down-regulating NoxA1 related signaling pathway in ApoE -/- mouse. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021; 11:1-13. [PMID: 33708473 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the protective efficacy of miR-155 on down regulating NADPH oxidase isoform subunit A1 (NoxA1) gene expression, resulting in inhibition of VSMC migration and over proliferation and thus ameliorating the progression of arterial atherosclerosis in AS mouse model. Therefore, to further explore the regulatory effect of miR-155 on neointima formation in AS and locate potential anti-atherosclerosis target. Methods The mouse vascular aorta smooth muscle cell (MOVAS) was cultured and transfected with recombinant Pad2YFG adenovirus fluorescent vector with miR-155 fragment into 4 groups. Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed to identify the expression of NoxA1 under different circumstances. Fluorescence microscope was applied to observe the transfection rate of miR-155 into adenovirus. Twelve-week fatty food induced atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mouse model was established as host to accept miR-155 transfected adenovirus transplantation to observe its effect on VSMC in AS progression. Carotid and thoracic artery were extracted at 1 month after dosing. Distribution of miR-155 was quantified via expression levels of protein and RNA to detect NoxA1, Nox1, p47phox and NADPH expression. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescence imaging and other methods were performed in arteries section to compare the thickness of neointima and assess the severity of AS in each group. Results Luciferase reporter gene assay showed significant expression of miR-155 in mimic group indicating that miR-155 had target binding effect with NoxA1 gene. Western blotting and RT-PCR results both showed significantly decreased NoxA1 expression in miR-155 mimic group while increased with its inhibitor. The miR-155 distribution was observed varied at 1 month after in control, miR-155 mimic and inhibitor groups. The NoxA1, NADPH, Nox1 and pp47phox protein expression in VSMC was decreased in mimic group vs control and inhibitor groups (P<0.05); no significant difference of NADPH expression was observed in all groups. The NoxA1, Nox1 and p47phox gene expression in VSMC were both found reduced compared with those of control group at week 4 (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry staining of artery frozen sections figured out that the thickness of neointima of carotid artery in miR-155 mimic group was significantly lower vs control and inhibitor groups (P<0.01) at week 4. Conclusions miR-155 played an important role in NoxA1-related signaling pathway. miR-155 transfection into VSMC may have anti-inflammatory regulatory effect on NoxA1 expression in vivo and resulting in amelioration of atherosclerotic lesion in AS mouse model. In summary, miR-155 specifically plays in a negative feedback loop and demonstrates a protective role during atherosclerosis-associated VSMC proliferation and neointima formation through the miR-155-NoxA1-p47phox complex signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolian Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangxiang Long
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Kloc M, Uosef A, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. Role of Macrophages and RhoA Pathway in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010216. [PMID: 33379334 PMCID: PMC7796231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, progression, or stabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque depends on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages. The influx of the macrophages and the regulation of macrophage phenotype, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, are controlled by the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effectors. Therefore, macrophages and the components of the RhoA pathway are attractive targets for anti-atherosclerotic therapies, which would inhibit macrophage influx and inflammatory phenotype, maintain an anti-inflammatory environment, and promote tissue remodeling and repair. Here, we discuss the recent findings on the role of macrophages and RhoA pathway in the atherosclerotic plaque formation and resolution and the novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 01-001 Warsaw, Poland;
- Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), Faculty of Medicine, Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Bruijn LE, van den Akker BEWM, van Rhijn CM, Hamming JF, Lindeman JHN. Extreme Diversity of the Human Vascular Mesenchymal Cell Landscape. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017094. [PMID: 33190596 PMCID: PMC7763765 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal cells are culprit factors in vascular (patho)physiology and are hallmarked by phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. At present, they are subdivided by classic umbrella terms, such as "fibroblasts," "myofibroblasts," "smooth muscle cells," "fibrocytes," "mesangial cells," and "pericytes." However, a discriminative marker-based subclassification has to date not been established. Methods and Results As a first effort toward a classification scheme, a systematic literature search was performed to identify the most commonly used phenotypical and functional protein markers for characterizing and classifying vascular mesenchymal cell subpopulation(s). We next applied immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to inventory the expression pattern of identified markers on human aorta specimens representing early, intermediate, and end stages of human atherosclerotic disease. Included markers comprise markers for mesenchymal lineage (vimentin, FSP-1 [fibroblast-specific protein-1]/S100A4, cluster of differentiation (CD) 90/thymocyte differentiation antigen 1, and FAP [fibroblast activation protein]), contractile/non-contractile phenotype (α-smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain), and auxiliary contractile markers (h1-Calponin, h-Caldesmon, Desmin, SM22α [smooth muscle protein 22α], non-muscle myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, Smoothelin-B, α-Tropomyosin, and Telokin) or adhesion proteins (Paxillin and Vinculin). Vimentin classified as the most inclusive lineage marker. Subset markers did not separate along classic lines of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast, or fibroblast, but showed clear temporal and spatial diversity. Strong indications were found for presence of stem cells/Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal cell Transition and fibrocytes in specific aspects of the human atherosclerotic process. Conclusions This systematic evaluation shows a highly diverse and dynamic landscape for the human vascular mesenchymal cell population that is not captured by the classic nomenclature. Our observations stress the need for a consensus multiparameter subclass designation along the lines of the cluster of differentiation classification for leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Bruijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Connie M. van Rhijn
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jaap F. Hamming
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan H. N. Lindeman
- Division of Vascular SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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22
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Sorokin V, Vickneson K, Kofidis T, Woo CC, Lin XY, Foo R, Shanahan CM. Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Interactions in Vessel Wall Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599415. [PMID: 33324416 PMCID: PMC7726011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathobiology of atherosclerotic disease requires further elucidation to discover new approaches to address its high morbidity and mortality. To date, over 17 million cardiovascular-related deaths have been reported annually, despite a multitude of surgical and nonsurgical interventions and advances in medical therapy. Existing strategies to prevent disease progression mainly focus on management of risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia. Even with optimum current medical therapy, recurrent cardiovascular events are not uncommon in patients with atherosclerosis, and their incidence can reach 10–15% per year. Although treatments targeting inflammation are under investigation and continue to evolve, clinical breakthroughs are possible only if we deepen our understanding of vessel wall pathobiology. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the most abundant cells in vessel walls and have emerged as key players in disease progression. New technologies, including in situ hybridization proximity ligation assays, in vivo cell fate tracing with the CreERT2-loxP system and single-cell sequencing technology with spatial resolution, broaden our understanding of the complex biology of these intriguing cells. Our knowledge of contractile and synthetic VSMC phenotype switching has expanded to include macrophage-like and even osteoblast-like VSMC phenotypes. An increasing body of data suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and play a key role in cell-to-cell crosstalk with endothelial cells and immune cells during the complex process of inflammation. These are cells that sense, interact with and influence the behavior of other cellular components of the vessel wall. It is now more obvious that VSMC plasticity and the ability to perform nonprofessional phagocytic functions are key phenomena maintaining the inflammatory state and senescent condition and actively interacting with different immune competent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keeran Vickneson
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Kofidis
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Yun Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Meng Q, Pu L, Luo X, Wang B, Li F, Liu B. Regulatory Roles of Related Long Non-coding RNAs in the Process of Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:564604. [PMID: 33192561 PMCID: PMC7604474 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.564604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and peripheral vascular disease, which comprise serious hazards to human health. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the deposition of lipids on the interior walls of blood vessels, causing an inflammatory response of immune cells, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, and a proliferation cascade reaction. Despite years of research, the underlying pathogenesis of AS is not fully defined. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which non-coding RNA influences the initiation and progression of AS have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate important stages in the atherosclerotic process. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of lncRNAs, which influence the development of AS. We review the regulatory processes of lncRNAs on core stages of atherosclerotic progression, including lipid metabolism, inflammation, vascular cell proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration, and angiogenesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that lncRNAs have great potential as new therapeutic targets for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Luya Pu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xizi Luo
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baisen Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Health Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Zhao D, Li J, Xue C, Feng K, Liu L, Zeng P, Wang X, Chen Y, Li L, Zhang Z, Duan Y, Han J, Yang X. TL1A inhibits atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by regulating the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16314-16327. [PMID: 32963108 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF ligand-related molecule 1A (TL1A) is a vascular endothelial growth inhibitor to reduce neovascularization. Lack of apoE a expression results in hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the precise effects of TL1A on the development of atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanisms in apoE-deficient mice. After 12 weeks of pro-atherogenic high-fat diet feeding and TL1A treatment, mouse aorta, serum, and liver samples were collected and used to assess atherosclerotic lesions, fatty liver, and expression of related molecules. We found that TL1A treatment significantly reduced lesions and enhanced plaque stability. Mechanistically, TL1A inhibited formation of foam cells derived from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) but not macrophages by activating expression of ABC transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and cholesterol efflux in a liver X receptor-dependent manner. TL1A reduced the transformation of VSMCs from contractile phenotype into synthetic phenotypes by activating expression of contractile marker α smooth muscle actin and inhibiting expression of synthetic marker osteopontin, or osteoblast-like phenotype by reducing calcification. In addition, TL1A ameliorated high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolic disorders in the liver. Taken together, our work shows that TL1A can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis by regulating VSMC/foam cell formation and switch of VSMC phenotypes and suggests further investigation of its potential for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lipei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhisong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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25
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Nagata M, Minami M, Yoshida K, Yang T, Yamamoto Y, Takayama N, Ikedo T, Hayashi K, Miyata T, Yokode M, Miyamoto S. Calcium-Binding Protein S100A4 Is Upregulated in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques and Contributes to Expansive Remodeling. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016128. [PMID: 32914661 PMCID: PMC7726981 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid plaques with expansive arterial remodeling are closely related to cerebral ischemic events. Although S100A4 (S100 calcium‐binding protein A4) is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, its role in atherosclerotic plaque progression remains unknown. In this study, we examined the association between carotid arterial expansive remodeling and S100A4 expression. Methods and Results Preoperative high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess luminal stenosis and vascular remodeling in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. To examine murine carotid atherosclerosis, we induced experimental lesions by flow cessation in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice fed a high‐fat diet. The role of S100A4 in plaque formation and smooth muscle cell proliferation was investigated in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Human carotid arterial expansive remodeling showed positive correlations with the expression of S100A4, MMP2, and MMP9. S100A4 mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of MMP2, MMP9, and MMP13. S100A4 was expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and VSMC‐derived foam cells in the plaque shoulder and marginal areas. S100A4 expression increased concomitantly with plaque formation in our animal model. Exogenous recombinant S100A4 protein enhanced the levels of Mmp2, Mmp9, and Mmp13 and the cell proliferation ability in VSMCs. A chemotaxis assay indicated that extracellular S100A4 functions as a chemoattractant for VSMCs. Conclusions S100A4 expression was elevated in human carotid plaques and showed a positive correlation with the degree of expansive remodeling. S100A4‐positive VSMC‐derived cells are considered to play an important role in carotid expansive remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoki Takayama
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Taichi Ikedo
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Kosuke Hayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan.,Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
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26
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González-Ramos S, Fernández-García V, Recalde M, Rodríguez C, Martínez-González J, Andrés V, Martín-Sanz P, Boscá L. Deletion or Inhibition of NOD1 Favors Plaque Stability and Attenuates Atherothrombosis in Advanced Atherogenesis †. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092067. [PMID: 32927803 PMCID: PMC7564689 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis, the main cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), is characterized by the rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque followed by the formation of thrombi. Fatal plaque rupture sites show large necrotic cores combined with high levels of inflammation and thin layers of collagen. Plaque necrosis due to the death of macrophages and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) remains critical in the process. To determine the contribution of the innate immunity receptor NOD1 to the stability of atherosclerotic plaque, Apoe-/- and Apoe-/- Nod1-/- atherosclerosis prone mice were placed on a high-fat diet for 16 weeks to assess post-mortem advanced atherosclerosis in the aortic sinus. The proliferation and apoptosis activity were analyzed, as well as the foam cell formation capacity in these lesions and in primary cultures of macrophages and vascular SMCs obtained from both groups of mice. Our results reinforce the preeminent role for NOD1 in human atherosclerosis. Advanced plaque analysis in the Apoe-/- atherosclerosis model suggests that NOD1 deficiency may decrease the risk of atherothrombosis by decreasing leukocyte infiltration and reducing macrophage apoptosis. Furthermore, Nod1-/- SMCs exhibit higher proliferation rates and decreased apoptotic activity, contributing to thicker fibrous caps with reduced content of pro-thrombotic collagen. These findings demonstrate a direct link between NOD1 and plaque vulnerability through effects on both macrophages and SMCs, suggesting promising insights for early detection of biomarkers for treating patients before ACS occurs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Macrophages
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle
- Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein/physiology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Ramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (M.R.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-(0)91-497-2747 (ext. 5345) (L.B.)
| | - Victoria Fernández-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (M.R.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.)
| | - Miriam Recalde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (M.R.); (P.M.-S.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.)
- Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Programa ICCC, IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martín-Sanz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (M.R.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-G.); (M.R.); (P.M.-S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (J.M.-G.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.-R.); (L.B.); Tel.: +34-(0)91-497-2747 (ext. 5345) (L.B.)
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Poznyak AV, Zhang D, Grechko AV, Wu WK, Orekhov AN. The role of sialic acids in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020; 68:359-364. [PMID: 32472985 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of disease-related mortality around the globe. The main characteristic of the disease is an accumulation of plaque on the arterial wall and subsequent erosion or rupture of some plaques. Atherosclerosis often leads to cardiovascular disease and such acute complications as myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke due to thrombus formation. Most recent advances in atherosclerotic research state that the modifications of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are one of the most significant stages in the disease initiation, and among these modifications desialylation is of particular interest. Sialic acids are widely expressed on all types of cells of many organisms and participate in numerous biological processes. Regarding atherosclerosis, sialidases that are responsible for the regulation of the sialic component of different molecules, are probably one of the most crucial enzymatic families. Sufficient sialylation of vascular endothelium defines its susceptibility to an atherogenic plaque formation. Moreover, the desialylation of LDL provokes an accumulation of cholesterol and lipids in the arterial walls. According to the multiple involvements of sialic acids and related enzymes, sialidases, in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, the deeper understanding of their exact role, as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms, will allow creating more targeted and effective therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia - .,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Opazo-Ríos L, Mas S, Marín-Royo G, Mezzano S, Gómez-Guerrero C, Moreno JA, Egido J. Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2632. [PMID: 32290082 PMCID: PMC7177360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. Lipotoxicity is mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response in non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the development of kidney diseases, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen in type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role in blood and liver lipid metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting in increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive lipid accumulation alters cellular homeostasis and activates lipogenic and glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity and quality of lipids are involved in renal damage associated to lipotoxicity by activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell-death. The pathological effects of lipotoxicity have been observed in renal cells, thus promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, and formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines the recent preclinical and clinical research about the potentially harmful effects of lipids in the kidney, metabolic markers associated with these mechanisms, major signaling pathways affected, the causes of excessive lipid accumulation, and the types of lipids involved, as well as offers a comprehensive update of therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
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Camacho OM, Hedge A, Lowe F, Newland N, Gale N, McEwan M, Proctor C. Statistical analysis plan for "A randomised, controlled study to evaluate the effects of switching from cigarette smoking to using a tobacco heating product on health effect indicators in healthy subjects". Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 17:100535. [PMID: 32072070 PMCID: PMC7013164 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2020.100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco harm reduction strategies aim to substitute smoking with potentially reduced risk products (PRRPs) such as e-cigarettes and tobacco-heating products (THPs). The health benefits of switching from smoking to PRRPs is unknown. A randomised controlled trial is being conducted to increase understanding of the health effects of switching from smoking to a THP in a 12-month long ambulatory study (ISRCTN81075760). Here we describe the study endpoints and the statistical analysis plan. Endpoints are divided into biomarkers of exposure (BoE) to tobacco smoke constituents and health effect indicators related to risk of lung cancer, cardiovascular and obstructive lung disease. These have been selected on the basis of extensive literature evidence. Three primary endpoints, augmentation index (risk factor for cardiovascular disease), total NNAL (linked to lung cancer) and 8-Epi-PGF2α type III (indicator of oxidative stress linked to various diseases), and multiple secondary endpoints will be analysed at 90, 180, and 360 days. Changes from baseline will be compared between study arms by specific contrasts in mixed models. Study wise multiple comparisons adjustments will be performed to account for multiplicity of timepoints and comparisons within timepoints. Generalisability of outcomes will be tested by a sensitivity analysis adjusting for age and gender. Importantly, an ancillary analysis will be performed to assess product compliance during the study based on plasma levels of CEVal, a surrogate marker for acrylonitrile exposure. The rationale underlying the selection of BoEs and health effect indicators, coupled with the statistical analysis plan will be central to understanding the potential health effects of replacing smoking with THP use for one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M. Camacho
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Andrew Hedge
- Covance Clinical Research Unit Ltd, Springfield House, Hyde Street, Leeds, Yorkshire, LS2 9LH, UK
| | - Frazer Lowe
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Nik Newland
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Nathan Gale
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Mike McEwan
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Christopher Proctor
- British American Tobacco Investments Ltd, Regents Park Road, Southampton, Hampshire, SO15 8TL, UK
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30
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De Munck DG, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Autophagy as an emerging therapeutic target for age-related vascular pathologies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:131-145. [PMID: 31985292 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1723079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of age-related vascular diseases such as arterial stiffness, hypertension and atherosclerosis, is rising dramatically and is substantially impacting healthcare systems. Mounting evidence suggests that there is an important role for autophagy in maintaining (cardio)vascular health. Impaired vascular autophagy has been linked to arterial aging and the initiation of vascular disease.Areas covered: The function and implications of autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells are discussed in healthy blood vessels and arterial disease. Furthermore, we discuss current treatment options for vascular disease and their links with autophagy. A literature search was conducted in PubMed up to October 2019.Expert opinion: Although the therapeutic potential of inducing autophagy in age-related vascular pathologies is considerable, several issues should be addressed before autophagy induction can be clinically used to treat vascular disease. These issues include uncertainty regarding the most effective drug target as well as the lack of potency and selectivity of autophagy inducing drugs. Moreover, drug tolerance or autophagy mediated cell death have been reported as possible adverse effects. Special attention is required for determining the cause of autophagy deficiency to optimize the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien G De Munck
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Ry De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Ramel D, Gayral S, Sarthou MK, Augé N, Nègre-Salvayre A, Laffargue M. Immune and Smooth Muscle Cells Interactions in Atherosclerosis: How to Target a Breaking Bad Dialogue? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1276. [PMID: 31824304 PMCID: PMC6882774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known pathophysiological factor of atherosclerosis but its therapeutic targeting has long been ignored. However, recent advances in the understanding of the immune mechanisms implicated in atherosclerosis have unveiled several therapeutic targets currently undergoing clinical trials. These studies have also shed light on a dialogue between the immune compartment and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that plays a critical role in atherosclerotic disease initiation, progression, and stabilization. Our review focuses on the link between cellular and soluble immune effectors and VSMC behavior at different phases of the pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential targeting of these interactions to efficiently prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Ramel
- Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Gayral
- Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Kerguelen Sarthou
- Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Augé
- Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Laffargue
- Department of Vascular Biology of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Université de Toulouse 3, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1048, Toulouse, France
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FNDC5 inhibits foam cell formation and monocyte adhesion in vascular smooth muscle cells via suppressing NFκB-mediated NLRP3 upregulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 121:106579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Takayasu Arteritis with Dyslipidemia Increases Risk of Aneurysm. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14083. [PMID: 31575993 PMCID: PMC6773689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been associated with the occurrence of abdominal aortic aneurysm. However, whether LDL-C elevation associated with aneurysms in large vessel vasculitis is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical and laboratory features of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and explore the risk factors that associated with aneurysm in these patients. This retrospective study compared the clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and imaging results of 103 TAK patients with or without aneurysms and analyzed the risk factors of aneurysm formation. 20.4% of TAK patients were found to have aneurysms. The LDL-C levels was higher in the aneurysm group than in the non-aneurysm group (2.9 ± 0.9 mmol/l vs. 2.4 ± 0.9 mmol/l, p = 0.032). Elevated serum LDL-C levels increased the risk of aneurysm by 5.8-fold (p = 0.021, odds ratio [OR] = 5.767, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.302-25.543), and the cutoff value of level of serum LDL-C was 3.08 mmol/l. The risk of aneurysm was 4.2-fold higher in patients with disease duration >5 years (p = 0.042, OR = 4.237, 95% CI: 1.055-17.023), and 2.9-fold higher when an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate was present (p = 0.077, OR = 2.851, 95% CI: 0.891-9.115). In this study, elevated LDL-C levels increased the risk of developing aneurysms in patients with TAK.
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Choi B, Shin MK, Kim EY, Park JE, Lee H, Kim SW, Song JK, Chang EJ. Elevated Neuropeptide Y in Endothelial Dysfunction Promotes Macrophage Infiltration and Smooth Muscle Foam Cell Formation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1701. [PMID: 31379881 PMCID: PMC6657015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been linked to vascular inflammation and foam cell formation but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. We sought to define the factors inducing inflammation and smooth muscle foam cell formation under endothelial dysfunction using endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from eNOS-deficient mice displayed increased expression of macrophage-related genes and elevated lipid uptake. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was upregulated in the aorta from the eNOS-deficient mice and promoted macrophage chemotaxis toward VSMCs while enhancing the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-3. Notably, NPY induced lipid uptake in VSMCs, facilitating smooth muscle foam cell formation, in association with enhanced expression of genes related to modified low-density lipoprotein uptake and macrophages. NPY was augmented by inflammatory pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in VSMCs. PTX3 enhanced macrophage migratory capacity through the NPY/neuropeptide Y receptor axis and this effect was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition with a receptor-specific antagonist. These observations suggest that endothelial dysfunction leads to the elevation of NPY that amplifies vascular inflammation by increasing inflammatory cell chemotaxis and triggers smooth muscle foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Halim Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Song
- Division of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Research Institute for Valvular Heart Disease University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Ahmed M, Baumgartner R, Aldi S, Dusart P, Hedin U, Gustafsson B, Caidahl K. Human serum albumin-based probes for molecular targeting of macrophage scavenger receptors. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3723-3741. [PMID: 31190821 PMCID: PMC6535103 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s197990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and accumulation of macrophages are key features of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. The ability of macrophages to take up molecular probes can be exploited in new clinical imaging methods for the detection of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. We investigated whether modifications of human serum albumin (HSA) could be used to target macrophages efficiently in vitro. Materials and methods: Maleylated and aconitylated HSA were compared with unmodified HSA. Fluorescent or radiolabeled (89Zr) modified HSA was used in in vitro experiments to study cellular uptake by differentiated THP-1 cells and primary human macrophages. The time course of uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, real-time microscopy and radioactivity measurements. The involvement of scavenger receptors (SR-A1, SR-B2, LOX-1) was assessed by knockdown experiments using RNA interference, by blocking experiments and by assays of competition by modified low-density lipoprotein. Results: Modified HSA was readily taken up by different macrophages. Uptake was mediated nonexclusively via the scavenger receptor SR-A1 (encoded by the MSR1 gene). Knockdown of CD36 and ORL1 had no influence on the uptake. Modified HSA was preferentially taken up by human macrophages compared with other vascular cell types such as endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Conclusions: Modified 89Zr-labeled HSA probes were recognized by different subsets of polarized macrophages, and maleylated HSA may be a promising radiotracer for radionuclide imaging of macrophage-rich inflammatory vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Aldi
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Dusart
- Department of Cellular and Clinical Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH), SE 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Gustafsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, SE 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
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36
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Allen SD, Liu YG, Kim T, Bobbala S, Yi S, Zhang X, Choi J, Scott EA. Celastrol-loaded PEG-b-PPS nanocarriers as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:657-668. [PMID: 30601470 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrophobic small molecule NF-κB inhibitor celastrol was loaded into poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide) (PEG-b-PPS) micelles. PEG-b-PPS micelles demonstrated high loading efficiency, low polydispersity, and no morphological changes upon loading with celastrol. Encapsulation of celastrol within these nanocarriers significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to free celastrol, while simultaneously expanding the lower concentration range for effective inhibition of NF-κB signaling by nearly 50 000-fold. Furthermore, celastrol-loaded micelles successfully reduced TNF-α secretion after LPS stimulation of RAW 264.7 cells and reduced the number of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes within atherosclerotic plaques of ldlr-/- mice. This reduction in inflammatory cells was matched by a reduction in plaque area, suggesting that celastrol-loaded nanocarriers may serve as an anti-inflammatory treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Allen
- Interdepartmental Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60628, USA
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37
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Paeonol: pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:413-421. [PMID: 31030097 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia suffruticosa possesses various medicinal benefits and has been used extensively in traditional oriental medicine for thousands of years. Paeonol is the main component isolated from the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa. The pharmacological effects of Paeonia suffruticosa are mostly attributed to paeonol. Paeonol injection has been successfully applied in China for nearly 50 years for inflammation/pain-related indications. Currently, the dosage forms of paeonol approved by China Food and Drug Administration include tablet, injection, and external preparations such as ointment and adhesive plaster. So far, the clinical applications of paeonol are mainly focusing on the anti-inflammatory activity. Studies of other pharmacological activities of paeonol are developing rapidly, and which may play an important role in the future. Besides, substantial mechanisms of pharmacological action of paeonol have been clarified in recent years. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological effects anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular diseases and associated mechanisms of action of paeonol up to date.
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38
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Fang M, Li Y, Wu Y, Ning Z, Wang X, Li X. miR-185 silencing promotes the progression of atherosclerosis via targeting stromal interaction molecule 1. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:682-695. [PMID: 30784343 PMCID: PMC6464577 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1580493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. microRNAs play a key role in gene regulation in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Herein, the role and target gene of miR-185 in AS were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, migration and invasion were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay. The relative luciferase activity was measured by luciferase reporter assay. The levels of miR-185, STIM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. RESULTS The results revealed that ox-LDL decreased miR-185 expression, and enhanced STIM1 expression in MOVAS cells, as well promoted cell viability, migration and invasion. 3'-UTR of STIM1 contained miR-185 binding site according to the Targetscan. miR-185 silencing or STIM1 overexpression promoted the viability, migration and invasion of ox-LDL-induced MOVAS cells. miR-185 overexpression or STIM1 silencing had the opposite effect. Besides, miR-185 silencing up-regulated the levels of VEGF and MMP-9 in vitro, and increased the lesions of arterial wall tissues and STIM1 positive rate in vivo. However, STIM1 silencing reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS Sum up, STIM1 was a potential target gene of miR-185 in AS. Knockdown of miR-185 facilitated the progression of AS through enhancing cell proliferation, migration and invasion via targeting STIM1. The research provides a novel view of miR-185/STIM1 axis function in AS development, and this targeting method may prevent and treat AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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39
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Sudden coronary death in the young: Evidence of contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells in the culprit atherosclerotic plaque. Int J Cardiol 2019; 264:1-6. [PMID: 29776555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Culprit coronary atherosclerotic plaques (APs) from young sudden cardiac death (SCD) victims are mostly non-atheromatous, i.e., consisting of proliferative smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Coronary vasospasm has been advocated to explain plaque instability in the absence of thrombosis. Our aim was to characterize the SMC phenotype in the intima and media of coronary arteries from young SCD victims. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 38 coronary artery segments were studied: (a) 18 APs from young (≤40 years old) SCD patients, (b) 9 APs from old (>40 years old) SCD patients, (c) 11 non-atherosclerotic coronary arteries from young patients (≤40 years old). Markers of differentiated SMCs such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chains (SMMHCs), and heavy-caldesmon (h-CaD), were assessed in intima and media by immunohistochemistry and quantified morphometrically. In the intima, their expression was higher in non-atherosclerotic arteries (44.37 ± 3.03% for α-SMA, 14.21 ± 2.01% for SMMHCs, 8.90 ± 1.33% for h-CaD) and APs from young SCD victims (38.95 ± 2.29% for α-SMA, 11.92 ± 1.92% for SMMHCs, 8.93 ± 1.12% for h-CaD) compared with old patients (22.01 ± 3.56% for α-SMA, 6.39 ± 0.7% for SMMHCs, 3.00 ± 0.57% for h-CaD; all P statistically significant). The media of non-atherosclerotic arteries and APs from young SCD victims exhibited strong positivity for the differentiation markers unlike that of old patients. CONCLUSIONS SMCs of coronary APs as well as from the underlying media from young SCD victims exhibit strong contractile phenotype. In the setting of critical stenosis, both intima and media SMC contractility might contribute to transient coronary spasm leading to myocardial ischemia and SCD.
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40
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Wang T, Ouyang H, Zhou H, Xia L, Wang X, Wang T. Pro‑atherogenic activation of A7r5 cells induced by the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1955-1966. [PMID: 30085340 PMCID: PMC6108850 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study has revealed that oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (oxLDL)/β2‑glycoprotein I (β2GPI)/anti‑β2‑glycoprotein I (anti‑β2GPI), an immune complex, is able to activate the Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor κβ (NF‑κβ) inflammatory signaling pathway in macrophages, and consequently enhance foam cell formation and the secretion of prothrombin activators. However, the effects of the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex on vascular smooth muscle cells have yet to be investigated. The present study investigated whether the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex was able to reinforce the pro‑atherogenic activities of a rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cell line (A7r5) and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results revealed that the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex treatment significantly (P<0.05 vs. the media, oxLDL, oxLDL/β2GPI and β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI groups) enhanced the pro‑atherogenic activation of A7r5 cells, including intracellular lipid loading, Acyl‑coenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase mRNA expression, migration, matrix metalloproteinase‑9 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 secretion, all via TLR4. In addition, the expression of TLR4 and the phosphorylation of NF‑κβ p65, p38 and ERK1/2 were also upregulated in oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex‑treated A7r5 cells. Pre‑treatment with TAK‑242, a TLR4 inhibitor, was able to partly attenuate the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex‑induced phosphorylation of NF‑κβ p65; however, it had no effect on the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38. Meanwhile, the NF‑κβ p65 inhibitor ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, were able to block oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex‑induced foam cell formation and migration in A7r5 cells. Hence, it was demonstrated that the oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex is able to enhance the lipid uptake, migration and active molecule secretion of A7r5 cells via TLR4, and finally deteriorate atherosclerosis plaques. Additionally, it was demonstrated that oxLDL/β2GPI/anti‑β2GPI complex‑induced foam cell formation and migration may be partly mediated by the TLR4/NF‑κβ signaling pathway and that ERK1/2 may also participate in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hang Ouyang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medicine Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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41
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The CD44-HA axis and inflammation in atherosclerosis: A temporal perspective. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:201-218. [PMID: 29792915 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation at both the systemic and the tissue level. CD44 has previously been implicated in atherosclerosis in both humans and mice. This multi-faceted receptor plays a critical part in the inflammatory response during the onset of CVD, though little is known of CD44's role during the latter stages of the disease. This review focuses on the role of CD44-dependent HA-dependent effects on inflammatory cells in several key processes, from disease initiation throughout the progression of atherosclerosis. Understanding how CD44 and HA regulate inflammation in atherogenesis is key in determining the utility of the CD44-HA axis as a therapeutic target to halt disease and potentially promote disease regression.
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42
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Inhibition of miR-155 attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice by regulating macrophage-mediated inflammation. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171432. [PMID: 29459426 PMCID: PMC5938419 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)-associated miR-155 contributing to AAA pathology by regulating macrophage-mediated inflammation. Angiotensin II (AngII)-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and THP-1 cells model of miR-155 overexpression and deficiency were used in the experiments. The expression of miR-155 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cytokines were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to measure the levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, iNOS, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 proteins. Immunostaining and transwell were used to determine CD68, elastic collagen, proliferation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The results showed that miR-155 and cytokines were up-regulated in AAA patients or ApoE-/- mice. Overexpression of miR-155 enhanced MMP-2, MMP-9, iNOS, and MCP-1 levels, and stimulated the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Meanwhile, inhibition of miR-155 had the opposite effect. In addition, histology demonstrated accumulation of CD68 and elastic collagen-positive areas significantly decreased in miR-155 antagomir injection group. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that inhibiting miR-155 is crucial to prevent the development of AAA by regulating macrophage inflammation.
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43
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Goikuria H, Freijo MDM, Vega Manrique R, Sastre M, Elizagaray E, Lorenzo A, Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I. Characterization of Carotid Smooth Muscle Cells during Phenotypic Transition. Cells 2018; 7:cells7030023. [PMID: 29562638 PMCID: PMC5870355 DOI: 10.3390/cells7030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are central players in carotid atherosclerosis plaque development. Although the precise mechanisms involved in plaque destabilization are not completely understood, it is known that VSMC proliferation and migration participate in plaque stabilization. In this study, we analyzed expression patterns of genes involved in carotid atherosclerosis development (e.g., transcription factors of regulation of SMC genes) of VSMCs located inside or outside the plaque lesion that may give clues about changes in phenotypic plasticity during atherosclerosis. VSMCs were isolated from 39 carotid plaques extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients by endarterectomy. Specific biomarker expression, related with VSMC phenotype, was analyzed by qPCR, western immunoblot, and confocal microscopy. MYH11, CNN1, SRF, MKL2, and CALD1 were significantly underexpressed in VSMCs from plaques compared with VSMCs from a macroscopically intact (MIT) region, while SPP1, KLF4, MAPLC3B, CD68, and LGALS3 were found significantly upregulated in plaque VSMCs versus MIT VSMCs. The gene expression pattern of arterial VSMCs from a healthy donor treated with 7-ketocholesterol showed high similarity with the expression pattern of carotid plaque VSMCs. Our results indicate that VSMCs isolated from plaque show a typical SMC dedifferentiated phenotype with macrophage-like features compared with VSMCs isolated from a MIT region of the carotid artery. Additionally, MYH11, KLF5, and SPP1 expression patterns were found to be associated with symptomatology of human carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haize Goikuria
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | | | | | - María Sastre
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Lorenzo
- Neurology Unit, Basurto University Hospital (BUH), 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Iraide Alloza
- Neurogenomiks Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- ACHUCARRO Basque Center for Neuroscience, Basque Country University, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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44
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Tanshindiol C inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced macrophage foam cell formation via a peroxiredoxin 1 dependent pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:882-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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45
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Goikuria H, Vandenbroeck K, Alloza I. Inflammation in human carotid atheroma plaques. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 39:62-70. [PMID: 29396056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in carotid atherosclerotic plaque is linked to plaque rupture and cerebrovascular accidents. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators governs development of the plaque, and may mediate enhancement of lesion broadening or, on the contrary, delay progression. In addition to macrophages and endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are the dominant cell subset in advanced plaques, are crucial players in carotid atherosclerosis development given their ability to differentiate into distinct phenotypes in reponse to specific signals received from the environment of the lesion. Carotid atheroma SMCs actively contribute to the inflammation in the lesion because of their acquired capacity to produce inflammatory mediators. We review the successive stages of carotid atheroma plaque formation via fatty streak early-stage toward more advanced rupture-prone lesions and document involvement of cytokines and chemokines and their cellular sources and targets in plaque progression and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haize Goikuria
- Neurogenomiks, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; ACHUCARRO, Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Science Park of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), SEDE Building, 3rd, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Koen Vandenbroeck
- Neurogenomiks, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; ACHUCARRO, Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Science Park of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), SEDE Building, 3rd, 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iraide Alloza
- Neurogenomiks, Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; ACHUCARRO, Basque Centre for Neuroscience, Science Park of the Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), SEDE Building, 3rd, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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46
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Hansmeier N, Buttigieg J, Kumar P, Pelle S, Choi KY, Kopriva D, Chao TC. Identification of Mature Atherosclerotic Plaque Proteome Signatures Using Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:164-176. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hansmeier
- Department
of Biology/Chemistry, Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Josef Buttigieg
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shaneen Pelle
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Kyoo Yoon Choi
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - David Kopriva
- Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region and University of Saskatchewan, 1440-14th Avenue, Regina, Saskatchewan S4P 0W5, Canada
| | - Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Department
of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
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47
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Castiglioni S, Monti M, Arnaboldi L, Canavesi M, Ainis Buscherini G, Calabresi L, Corsini A, Bellosta S. ABCA1 and HDL 3 are required to modulate smooth muscle cells phenotypic switch after cholesterol loading. Atherosclerosis 2017; 266:8-15. [PMID: 28946038 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholesterol-loaded smooth muscle cells (SMCs) modify their phenotypic behavior becoming foam cells. To characterize the role of ABCA1 and HDL3 in this process, we evaluated HDL3 effects on cholesterol-induced phenotypic changes in SMCs expressing or not ABCA1. METHODS SMCs, isolated from the aortae of wild-type (WT) and Abca1 knock-out (KO) mice, were cholesterol-loaded using a "water-soluble cholesterol''. RESULTS Cholesterol loading downregulates the expression of Acta2 and calponin (SMC markers), and increases the expression of Mac-2, CD11b and MHCII (inflammation-related genes and surface antigens) and Abca1, Abcg1. HDL3 normalizes SMC marker expression and reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes/proteins in WT cells, an effect not observed with free apoA-I. The effect of HDL3 is almost lost in Abca1 KO cells, as well as when Abca1 is silenced in WT SMC. HDL3 does not differently affect cholesterol downloading in WT or KO cells and stimulates phospholipids removal in WT cells. Similarly, the expression of myocardin and its modulators, such as miR-143/145, is reduced by cholesterol loading in WT and Abca1 KO SMCs; HDL3 normalizes their levels in WT cells but not in KO cells. On the contrary, cholesterol loading induces Klf4 expression while HDL3 restores Klf4 to basal levels in WT cells, but again this effect is not observed in KO cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HDL3, by interacting with ABCA1, modulates the miR143/145-myocardin axis and prevents the cholesterol-induced gene expression modification in SMCs regardless of its cholesterol unloading capacity.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol, HDL/metabolism
- Female
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genotype
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Monti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Canavesi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuditta Ainis Buscherini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bellosta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
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48
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Vajen T, Benedikter BJ, Heinzmann ACA, Vasina EM, Henskens Y, Parsons M, Maguire PB, Stassen FR, Heemskerk JWM, Schurgers LJ, Koenen RR. Platelet extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1322454. [PMID: 28717419 PMCID: PMC5505004 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1322454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell communication during health and disease, and abundantly released by platelets upon activation or during ageing. Platelet EVs exert modulatory effects on immune and vascular cells. Platelet EVs may modulate the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Platelet EVs were isolated from platelet-rich plasma and incubated with SMC in order to assess binding, proliferation, migration and pro-inflammatory phenotype of the cells. Platelet EVs firmly bound to resting SMC through the platelet integrin αIIbβ3, while binding also occurred in a CX3CL1–CX3CR1-dependent manner after cytokine stimulation. Platelet EVs increased SMC migration comparable to platelet derived growth factor or platelet factor 4 and induced SMC proliferation, which relied on CD40- and P-selectin interactions. Flow-resistant monocyte adhesion to platelet EV-treated SMC was increased compared with resting SMC. Again, this adhesion depended on integrin αIIbβ3 and P-selectin, and to a lesser extent on CD40 and CX3CR1. Treatment of SMC with platelet EVs induced interleukin 6 secretion. Finally, platelet EVs induced a synthetic SMC morphology and decreased calponin expression. Collectively, these data indicate that platelet EVs exert a strong immunomodulatory activity on SMC. In particular, platelet EVs induce a switch towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, stimulating vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vajen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Transtional Research in Medicine (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra C A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena M Vasina
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Parsons
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia B Maguire
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank R Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), München, Germany
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49
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Parma L, Baganha F, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. Plaque angiogenesis and intraplaque hemorrhage in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:107-115. [PMID: 28435093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute cardiovascular events, due to rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque, represent the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. Growing evidence suggests that plaque neovascularization is an important contributor to plaque growth and instability. The vessels' immaturity, with profound structural and functional abnormalities, leads to recurrent intraplaque hemorrhage. This review discusses new insights of atherosclerotic neovascularization, including the effects of leaky neovessels on intraplaque hemorrhage, both in experimental models and humans. Furthermore, modalities for in vivo imaging and therapeutic interventions to target plaque angiogenesis will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parma
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabiana Baganha
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet R de Vries
- Department of Surgery and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Chistiakov DA, Myasoedova VA, Revin VV, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. The phenomenon of atherosclerosis reversal and regression: Lessons from animal models. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:138-145. [PMID: 28108216 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies in non-rodent and murine models showed that atherosclerosis can be reversed. Atherosclerosis progression induced by high-fat or cholesterol-rich diet can be reduced and reversed to plaque regression after switching to a normal diet or through administration of lipid-lowering agents. The similar process should exist in humans after implementation of lipid-lowering therapy and as a result of targeting of small rupture-prone plaques that are major contributors for acute atherosclerotic complications. Lowering of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and the activation of reverse cholesterol transport lead to a decline in foam cell content, to the depletion of plaque lipid reservoirs, a decrease in lesional macrophage numbers through the activation of macrophage emigration and, probably, apoptosis, dampening plaque inflammation, and the induction of anti-inflammatory macrophages involved in clearance of the necrotic core and plaque healing. By contrast, plaque regression is characterized by opposite events, leading to the retention of atherogenic LDL and oxidized LDL particles in the plaque, an increased flux of monocytes, the immobilization of macrophages in the intimal vascular tissues, and the propagation of intraplaque inflammation. Transfer of various apolipoprotein (apo) genes to spontaneously hypercholesterolemic mice deficient for either apoE or LDL receptor and, especially, the implementation of the transplantation murine model allowed studying molecular mechanisms of atherosclerotic regression, associated with the depletion of atherogenic lipids in the plaque, egress of macrophages and phenotypic switch of macrophages from the proinflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A Myasoedova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V Revin
- N.P. Ogaryov Mordovian State University, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
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