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Hart RJ, Srivisetty H, Ahmed A, Kerley T, Swartz M, Bryant KA, Stevenson MD. Caregiver Intent and Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2024:00006565-990000000-00494. [PMID: 39043152 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000003243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While COVID-19 vaccine (CV) acceptance is improving, little is known about parental acceptance of CV in the pediatric emergency department (PED). OBJECTIVES The aims of the study are to assess rates of CV uptake among eligible children presenting to the PED, describe caregiver willingness to accept CV in the PED, and assess potential ED-based interventions to increase CV acceptance. METHODS We surveyed caregivers of 384 children aged ≥6 months presenting to the PED for minor illness/injury. Demographics, COVID-19/other vaccine history, and intent/willingness to receive CV were recorded. Participants were recontacted by phone 6-12 months after vaccine eligibility to assess CV status, barriers to CV, willingness to receive CV in the ED, and preferences for ED-based vaccine-related interventions. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics. RESULTS In initial surveys, 31.6% of caregivers planned to vaccinate their child; 32.2% would likely accept CV in the PED. Follow-up data was available for 302 (78.6%) previously unvaccinated participants; only 59 (19.5%) had received CV at follow-up. Of those unvaccinated at follow-up, 27 (28.7%) intended to vaccinate, nearly all of whom would accept CV in the PED. Factors associated with increased likelihood of vaccination included initial intent to vaccinate (P = 0.004), definite/probable acceptance of CV in the PED (P = 0.035), and child age 5+ (P = 0.005). Nearly one-fourth of unvaccinated families reported barriers to CV access. Interventions most likely to persuade families to vaccinate included: discussing CV with a provider (25.5%), receiving an information sheet (23.4%), and offering CV without an ED visit (22.3%). CONCLUSIONS CV acceptance was low in this cohort. A gap population of unvaccinated children whose caregivers intend to vaccinate exists, and many of these would accept CV in the ED. This data supports the presence of CV programs in the ED to close this gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hart
- From the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY
| | | | - Anam Ahmed
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Taryn Kerley
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Madison Swartz
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Kristina A Bryant
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY
| | - Michelle D Stevenson
- From the Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville and Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY
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Oh WO, Lee E, Heo YJ, Jung MJ, Han J. Understanding global research trends in the control and prevention of infectious diseases for children: Insights from text mining and topic modeling. J Nurs Scholarsh 2024; 56:606-620. [PMID: 38380588 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of novel infectious diseases has amplified the urgent need for effective prevention strategies, especially ones targeting vulnerable populations such as children. Factors such as the high incidence of both emerging and existing infectious diseases, delays in vaccinations, and routine exposure in communal settings heighten children's susceptibility to infections. Despite this pressing need, a comprehensive exploration of research trends in this domain remains lacking. This study aims to address this gap by employing text mining and modeling techniques to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, thereby identifying emerging research trends in infectious disease prevention among children. METHODS A cross-sectional text mining approach was adopted, focusing on journal articles published between January 1, 2003, and August 31, 2022. These articles, related to infectious disease prevention in children, were sourced from databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, and Korean RISS. The data underwent preprocessing using the Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) in Python, with a semantic network analysis and topic modeling conducted using R software. RESULTS The final dataset comprised 509 journal articles extracted from multiple databases. The study began with a word frequency analysis to pinpoint relevant themes, subsequently visualized through a word cloud. Dominant terms encompassed "vaccination," "adolescent," "infant," "parent," "family," "school," "country," "household," "community," "HIV," "HPV," "COVID-19," "influenza," and "diarrhea." The semantic analysis identified "age" as a key term across infection, control, and intervention discussions. Notably, the relationship between "hand" and "handwashing" was prominent, especially in educational contexts linked with "school" and "absence." Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling further delineated seven topics related to infectious disease prevention for children, encompassing (1) educational programs, (2) vaccination efforts, (3) family-level responses, (4) care for immunocompromised individuals, (5) country-specific responses, (6) school-based strategies, and (7) persistent threats from established infectious diseases. CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the indispensable role of personalized interventions tailored for various child demographics, highlighting the pivotal contributions of both parental guidance and school participation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study provides insights into the complex public health challenges associated with preventing and managing infectious diseases in children. The insights derived could inform the formulation of evidence-based public health policies, steering practical interventions and fostering interdisciplinary synergy for holistic prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Oak Oh
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Heo
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Jung
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihee Han
- College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Zhang DS, Bao XP, Zhu JJ, Zheng WJ, Sun LX. Safety of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (CoronaVac) in children aged 7-14 years in Taizhou, China. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116253. [PMID: 38507964 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the safety of CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine made by Sinovac, in children aged 7-14. We conducted a parent-administered online survey to monitor adverse reactions after vaccinating children in Taizhou, China, from February 15, 2021, to January 19, 2022. 767 parents completed the survey after receiving a questionnaire via WeChat. Overall, 15.3 % (117/767) of children experienced adverse effects after the first dose, and 12.2 % (88/724) after the second. Muscle pain was the most common adverse reaction post-first dose (10.0 %), while localized pain or itching at the injection site was most common after the second dose (7.6 %). In conclusion, the vaccine has a low incidence of side effects. The mild to moderate, transient, and common nature of these effects further boosts parents' confidence in vaccinating their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Zhang
- Medical Postgratuate Degree, Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Jiande, Jiande, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xue-Ping Bao
- Medical Undergratuate Degree. Department of Operation, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhu
- Medical Undergratuate Degree. Department of Neunosurgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- Medical Undergratuate Degree. Department of Emergency, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Enze Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group), Taizhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liang-Xue Sun
- Medical Postgratuate Degree. Department of Urology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Sarbazi E, Masoudi N, Mehri A, Esfanjani RM, Azizi H, Soleimanpour M, Pouraghaei M, Soleimanpour H. Trust in primary health care and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Iranian pediatric: a web-based cross-sectional survey. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:356. [PMID: 38778272 PMCID: PMC11110261 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are the most vulnerable group to diseases. Thus, it's critical to evaluate parents' or guardians' willingness to vaccinate their children. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and predictors of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination in Iran and its relationship with trust in the Primary Health Care (PHC) system. METHOD A cross-sectional online survey of 549 Iranian parents was conducted between January and March 2023. This study collected data from all provinces of Iran using a questionnaire shared on Google Forms and various social media platforms. After considering various background factors, we used a multivariable logistic regression model. This model explored how trust in the PHC system and parent-related and child-related factors were related to parents' vaccine uptake for their children. RESULTS Of 549 parents aged between 19 and 67 years (median = 38 years), 65.2% (358) were female. The prevalence of vaccine uptake among parents was 46.8%. After adjusting for background features, child's age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.81, 95% CI 0.71-0.91), vaccine doses (1-dose: AOR 14.72, 95% CI 6.44-33.65, 2-dose: AOR 32.54, 95% CI 15.22-69.57), child's disease (AOR 5.31, 95% CI 2.19-12.85), and trust in PHC (AOR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02) were associated with parental uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the child's age, vaccine doses received, diseases, and trust in PHC are significant predictors of parental uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine for children in Iran. The results can be used in service planning regarding children's COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sarbazi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Masoudi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mehri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hosein Azizi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimanpour
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboub Pouraghaei
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimanpour
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Mahdi PDBM, Almukhtar DM. Role Of Vaccines Against COVID-19 Pandemic. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:355-357. [PMID: 37473842 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoV) are one of the largest families of viruses that infect human beings causing mild common cold or severe diseases like Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A new strain emerged known as novel coronavirus (nCoV) causing fatal respiratory failure disease. This virus was characterized by rapid spread from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients to healthy people. Thus, vaccine should be considered as one of the important protective measures to control the spread of this virus. One of the challenges to this vaccine is the high mutation rate of this virus and appearance of new strains. Therefore, vaccine should stimulate the immune system in order to overcome the emergence of new strain of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Professor Dr Batool Mutar Mahdi
- Consultant Clinical Immunology, Head of HLA Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
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McMann T, Wenzel C, Le N, Li Z, Xu Q, Cuomo RE, Mackey T. Detection and Characterization of Web-Based Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccine Discussions and Racial and Ethnic Minority Topics: Retrospective Analysis of Twitter Data. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023; 6:e48004. [PMID: 38038663 DOI: 10.2196/48004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite pediatric populations representing a smaller proportion of COVID-19 cases and having a less severe prognosis, those belonging to racial and ethnic minority groups are at an increased risk of developing more severe COVID-19-related outcomes. Vaccine coverage is crucial to pandemic mitigation efforts, yet since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine hesitancy has increased and routine pediatric immunizations have decreased. Limited research exists on how vaccine hesitancy may contribute to low pediatric COVID-19 vaccine uptake among racial and ethnic minority populations. Objective This study aimed to characterize COVID-19 vaccine-related discussion and sentiment among Twitter users, particularly among racial and ethnic minority users. Methods We used the Twitter application programming interface to collect tweets and replies. Tweets were selected by filtering for keywords associated with COVID-19 vaccines and pediatric-related terms. From this corpus of tweets, we used the Biterm Topic Model to output topics and examined the top 200 retweeted tweets that were coded for pediatric COVID-19 vaccine relevance. Relevant tweets were analyzed using an inductive coding approach to characterize pediatric COVID-19 vaccine-related themes. Replies to relevant tweets were collected and coded. User metadata were assessed for self-reporting of race or ethnic group affiliation and verified account status. Results A total of 863,007 tweets were collected from October 2020 to October 2021. After outputting Biterm Topic Model topics and reviewing the 200 most retweeted tweets, 208,666 tweets and 3905 replies were identified as being pediatric COVID-19 vaccine related. The majority (150,262/208,666, 72.01%) of tweets expressed vaccine-related concerns. Among tweets discussing vaccine confidence, user replies expressing agreement were significantly outweighed by those expressing disagreement (1016/3106, 32.71% vs 2090/3106, 67.29%; P<.001). The main themes identified in the Twitter interactions were conversations regarding vaccine-related concerns including adverse side effects, concerns that the vaccine is experimental or needs more testing and should not be tested on pediatric populations, the perception that the vaccine is unnecessary given the perceived low risk of pediatric infection, and conversations associated with vaccine-related confidence (ie, the vaccine is protective). Among signal tweets and replies, we identified 418 users who self-identified as a racial minority individual and 40 who self-identified as an ethnic minority individual. Among the subcodes identified in this study, the vaccine being protective was the most discussed topic by racial and ethnic minority groups (305/444, 68.7%). Conclusions Vaccine-related concerns can have negative consequences on vaccine uptake and participation in vaccine-related clinical trials. This can impact the uptake and development of safe and effective vaccines, especially among racial and ethnic minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana McMann
- Global Health Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
- S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Nicolette Le
- Global Health Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Zhuoran Li
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
- S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Qing Xu
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
- S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Raphael E Cuomo
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tim Mackey
- Global Health Program, Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Global Health Policy and Data Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
- S-3 Research, San Diego, CA, United States
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7
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Hart R, Feygin Y, Kluthe T, Quinn K, Rao S, Baumer-Mouradian SH. Emergency Departments: An Underutilized Resource for Expanding COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage in Children. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1445. [PMID: 37766122 PMCID: PMC10536917 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine (CV) acceptance rates remain suboptimal in children. Emergency departments (EDs) represent a unique opportunity to improve vaccination rates, particularly in underserved children. Little is known about the presence or reach of CV programs in US EDs. We assessed, via a cross-sectional survey of pediatric ED physicians, the number of EDs offering CVs to children, the approximate numbers of vaccines administered annually, and the perceived facilitators/barriers to vaccination. The proportion of EDs offering CVs is reported. Chi-square tests compared facilitators and barriers among frequent vaccinators (≥50 CVs/year), infrequent vaccinators (<50 CVs/year), and non-vaccinators. Among 492 physicians from 166 EDs, 142 responded (representing 61 (37.3%) EDs). Most EDs were in large, urban, academic, freestanding children's hospitals. Only 11 EDs (18.0%) offer ≥1 CV/year, and only two (18.2%) of these gave ≥50 CVs. Common facilitators of vaccination included the electronic health record facilitation of vaccination, a strong provider/staff buy-in, storage/accessibility, and having a leadership team or champion. Barriers included patient/caregiver refusal, forgetting to offer vaccines, and, less commonly, a lack of buy-in/support and the inaccessibility of vaccines. Many (28/47, 59.6%) EDs expressed interest in establishing a CV program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hart
- Department of Pediatrics, Norton Children’s and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Yana Feygin
- Department of Pediatrics, Norton Children’s and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Theresa Kluthe
- Department of Pediatrics, Norton Children’s and the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Katherine Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Suchitra Rao
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases and Hospital Medicine), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Shannon H. Baumer-Mouradian
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Hamadneh M, Alquran A, Manna R. Impact of the COVID-19 on asthma control among children: A systematic review. J Public Health Res 2023; 12:22799036231197186. [PMID: 37693736 PMCID: PMC10492482 DOI: 10.1177/22799036231197186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China. Asthmatic patients are thought to be more vulnerable to the more severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their weakened immune systems and increased risk of respiratory exacerbation when infected with respiratory viruses; however, there is little evidence to support this theory. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown during the pandemic on asthma management outcome measures among children and adolescents. To conduct the search, we used five bibliographic databases. The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and February 2022, selecting only articles published in English that included the study population (children aged 0-18 years). All study designs were considered. Independent assessments of the included studies' quality were made and reported. Among the 945 results of the bibliographic search, only 21 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria We organized the results from the studies according to the effect of the lockdown at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic on common outcomes, including the Pediatric Emergency Department Visits, hospitalization rates of pediatric asthmatic patients during the pandemic, asthma control, asthma exacerbations, psychological effects on patients, and caregivers' concerns. The management of pediatric asthma improved more during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown than in previous years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hamadneh
- Department of Medical Science, Irbid Faculty, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Irbid, Jordan
| | - Alaa Alquran
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU), Assalt, Jordan
| | - Rami Manna
- Jordan Ministry of Health, Ramtha Comprehensive Health Center, Ramtha, Jordan
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Wei L, Zeng W, Huang Y, Ye G, Chen Y, Yang L, Cai Y. COVID-19 vaccination coverage and its cognitive determinants among older adults in Shanghai, China, during the COVID-19 epidemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1163616. [PMID: 37333561 PMCID: PMC10272832 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to examine the coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its cognitive determinants among older adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to conduct a survey among 725 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in June 2022, 2 months after the mass COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, China. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination status, internal risk perception, knowledge, and attitude toward the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Results The vaccination rate was 78.3% among the surveyed individuals. Self-reported reasons for unwillingness to get vaccinated (multiple selections) were "concerns about acute exacerbation of chronic diseases after vaccination (57.3%)" and "concerns regarding vaccine side effects (41.4%)." Compared to the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group tended to have a higher score in internal risk perception (t = 2.64, P < 0.05), better knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines (t = 5.84, P < 0.05), and a more positive attitude toward the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines (t = 7.92, P < 0.05). The path analysis showed that the cognitive effect on vaccination behavior is relatively large, followed by the internal risk perception, and then the attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines. The more knowledgeable the participants were about COVID-19 vaccines, the more likely they were to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. In the multivariate logistic regression, the increased coverage of COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced age (OR = 0.53 95% CI 0.43-0.66, P < 0.001), being a resident in other places than Shanghai (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17-0.92, P < 0.05), a shorter time of lockdown (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.83, P < 0.05), a history of other vaccines (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.45-4.60, P < 0.01), a fewer number of chronic diseases (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.38-0.62, P < 0.001), better knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.19, P < 0.01), and a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 9.22, 95% CI 4.69-18.09, P < 0.001). Conclusion Acquiring accurate knowledge and developing a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines are important factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Disseminating informed information on COVID-19 vaccines and ensuring efficacious communication regarding their efficacy and safety would enhance awareness about COVID-19 vaccination among older adults and consequently boost their vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Zeng
- Department of Global Health, School of Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yangyang Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxin Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyang Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kharazmi E, Ostovar S, Ahmadi Marzaleh M. The need to reorganize health research systems in pandemic crisis: A prospective study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1146. [PMID: 36925765 PMCID: PMC10011385 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims A pandemic has posed a major challenge to health systems all over the world. All countries have realized that the only way to get real growth and development and solve their problems is to use what they have learned from research. Methods A descriptive and analytic type of study was conducted with the help of experts in the field of health research. The components affecting the research system were obtained via process approach and content analysis methods, and then the position of each component was identified by the Mic Mac technique. Results Seventeen influential structural components in the health research system were identified. The leadership and management components had the most direct and indirect influence among other components. The health promotion component had a greater dependency than the other components. Conclusion All health systems need to provide adequate financial resources and manpower to provide a useful research system. Human resources are the most important inputs to such a system. Components such as the research process, research sustainability, quality, or innovation in research can play a balancing role. Having the right infrastructures for creating, transferring, developing, and getting access to knowledge makes it possible to do systematic science. It is hoped that this science will be used in other results of the health research system, like improving the effectiveness or promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Kharazmi
- Department of Healthcare Services Management, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | | | - Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Wang Z, Fang X, Han T, Lv S, Li C, Ma A, Jiang Z, Li W, Sun W, Sun W, Gao Y, Gao Z, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang S, Li B, Liu X, Liu X. Safety and Tolerability of COVID-19 Vaccine in Children With Epilepsy: A Prospective, Multicenter Study. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 140:3-8. [PMID: 36577181 PMCID: PMC9721163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We designed this study to investigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine on epileptic seizures, as well as its adverse effects, in children with epilepsy (<18 years). METHODS This anonymous questionnaire study involved a multicenter prospective survey of outpatients and inpatients with epilepsy (<18 years) registered in epilepsy clinics in eight hospitals in six cities of Shandong Province. RESULTS A total of 224 children with epilepsy were included in the study. Fifty of them experienced general adverse events after vaccination. The most common local adverse events were pain or tenderness at the injection site. The most common systemic adverse effects were muscle soreness and headache. No severe adverse events were reported. There were no significant differences in the number of antiseizure medications (P = 0.459), gender (P = 0.336), etiology (P = 0.449), age (P = 0.499), duration of disease (P = 0.546), or seizure type (P = 0.475) between the patients with and without general adverse events. We found that the risk of seizure after vaccination was decreased in children who were seizure free for more than six months before vaccination. There was no significant difference in the number of seizures during the first month before vaccination, the first month after the first dose, and the first month after the second dose (P = 0.091). CONCLUSION The benefits of vaccination against COVID-19 outweighed the risks of seizures/relapses and severe adverse events after vaccination for children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiqin Fang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shishen Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Aihua Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaolun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Wenke Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wenying Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yuxing Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zaifen Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiubo Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical, Jining, China
| | - Suli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Baomin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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12
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Harbin A, Laventhal N, Navin M. Ethics of age de-escalation in pediatric vaccine trials: Attending to the case of COVID-19. Vaccine 2023; 41:1584-1588. [PMID: 36732168 PMCID: PMC9888531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the development of new vaccines, many trials use age de-escalation: after establishing safety and efficacy in adult populations, progressively younger cohorts are enrolled and studied. Age de-escalation promotes many values. The responsibility to protect children from potential risks of experimental vaccines is significant, not only given increased risks of adverse effects but also because parents and medical professionals have a moral responsibility to protect children from harms associated with novel, uncertain interventions. Further, given that young children cannot provide informed consent, acceptable risks for research requiring proxy consent are lower than for adults making decisions for themselves. Although age de-escalation approaches are widely used in vaccine trials, including notably in the recent development of pediatric COVID-19 vaccines, ethicists have not addressed the benefits and risks of these approaches. Their benefits are largely assumed and unstated, while their potential risks are usually overlooked. There are no official ethics guidelines for the use of age de-escalation in clinical research. In this paper, we provide a systematic account of key moral factors to consider when employing age de-escalation. Analyzing pediatric COVID-19 vaccine development as our key case study, we clarify the benefits, risks, and trade-offs involved in age de-escalation approaches and call for the development of evidence-based best practice guidelines to identify when age de-escalation is likely to be an ethical strategy in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Harbin
- Department of Philosophy, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA.
| | - Naomi Laventhal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark Navin
- Department of Philosophy, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA; Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; Clinical Ethics Consultation Service, Department of Spiritual Care, Corewell East, Southfield, MI, USA
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13
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Shmueli L. Parents' intention to vaccinate their 5- to 11-year-old children with the COVID-19 vaccine: rates, predictors and the role of incentives. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:328. [PMID: 36788509 PMCID: PMC9926441 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immediately after Pfizer announced encouraging effectiveness and safety results from their COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials in 5- to 11-year-old children, this study aimed to assess parents' perceptions and intention to vaccinate their 5-11-year-old children and to determine socio-demographic, health-related, behavioral factors, as well as the role of incentives. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of parents of children between 5 and 11 years of age among the Jewish population in Israel (n = 1,012). The survey was carried out between September 23 and October 4, 2021, at a critical time, immediately after Pfizer's announcement. Two multivariate regressions were performed to determine predictors of parents' intention to vaccinate their 5-11-year-old children against COVID-19. RESULTS Overall, 57% of the participants reported that they intend to vaccinate their 5-11-year-old children against COVID-19 in the winter of 2022. 27% noted that they would vaccinate their 5-11-year-old children immediately; 26% within three months; and 24% within more than three months. Perceived susceptibility, benefits, barriers and cues to action, as well as two incentives - vaccine availability and receiving a "Green Pass" - were all significant predictors. However, Incentives such as monetary rewards or monetary penalties did not increase the probability of parents' intention to vaccinate their children. Parental concerns centered around the safety of the vaccine, fear of severe side effects, and fear that clinical trials and the authorization process were carried out too quickly. CONCLUSION This study provides data on the role of incentives in vaccinating 5-11-year-old children, how soon they intend to do so, and the predictors of those intentions, which is essential knowledge for health policy makers planning vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Shmueli
- Department of Management, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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14
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Ghazy RM, Sallam M, Fadl N, Bouraad E, Youssef N, Ghoneim OSA. Attitude of Parents of Children with Cerebral Palsy Towards COVID-19 Vaccination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031909. [PMID: 36767281 PMCID: PMC9915268 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are at a greater risk of respiratory complications from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) among parents of CP children in Egypt, using the Arabic version of the Parental Attitude about Childhood Vaccination (PACV) questionnaire. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of two hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. Parents of children with CP were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. A total of 321 parents were enrolled; more than half of them were mothers of the children (61.37%); and the majority were Egyptians (87.23%) and living in urban areas (84.42%). Nearly 70% of the parents were hesitant to administer the COVID-19 vaccine to their children. A multiple linear regression model revealed that the PACV mean scores were lower among the following categories: (1) parents who could pay back loans, compared to those who could not pay back loans and who reported insufficient income (β = -2.39, p = 0.030); (2) non-Egyptian parents (β = -1.54, p = 0.002); (3) those who were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 themselves or had the intention to receive the complete COVID-19 vaccination (β = -6.28, p < 0.001); (4) those who had the intention to give the COVID-19 vaccination to their children (β = -3.04, p < 0.001); and (5) parents whose children received routine vaccines (β = -2.86, p < 0.045). After adjusting for other covariates, the parental COVID-19 vaccine status (β = -6.28, p < 0.001) and parents who experienced a COVID-19-related death in the family (β = -1.75, p < 0.001) showed significantly lower mean PACV scores. However, higher mean PACV scores were reported among parents who had a COVID-19 infection (β = 2.77, p < 0.001) or who were not sure (β = 2.94, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest the need to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among parents of vulnerable children to reduce the negative consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Noha Fadl
- Family Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
| | - Etwal Bouraad
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut 961, Lebanon
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 961, Lebanon
| | - Naglaa Youssef
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnya Samy A. Ghoneim
- Department of Physical Therapy for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo 11829, Egypt
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15
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Albeitawi S, Al-Alami ZM, Hamadneh J, Alqam H, Qublan H, Al Natsheh M. COVID-19 infection and vaccine have no impact on in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21702. [PMID: 36522363 PMCID: PMC9753879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of COVID-19 infection or vaccine on IVF outcome. This is a multicenter retrospective study. Data were collected from all patients treated in the ART units between September and November 2021 after the vaccination of the general population began. Medical records of all patients who had IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into four groups: previously infected by COVID-19, vaccinated by COVID vaccine, previously infected and vaccinated, or neither infected nor vaccinated. Total number of participants 151 (vaccinated only 66, infected only 18, vaccinated and previously infected 34, and control 33. Outcomes (ET on day of trigger, number of oocytes retrieved, quality of oocytes, number of fertilized oocytes, number and quality of embryos, number of embryos transferred, number of embryos frozen, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate) were compared between these four groups. Moreover, we compared the outcome before and post infection, as well as before and post vaccine in a group of patients. No evidence was found to suggest that COVID-19 disease or SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine adversely affects Clinical pregnancy rates (positive fetal heartbeat) (OR 0.9, CI 0.5-1.9, OR 1.8, CI 0.9-3.6, respectively) and the following parameters: fertilization rate, implantation rate, positive bHcg) (OR 0.9, CI 0.5-1.8, OR 1.5, CI 0.7-2.9, respectively). Although a limitation of our study is the small comparison groups, and the wide confidence intervals in the Odds Ratio estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Albeitawi
- grid.14440.350000 0004 0622 5497Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box: 566, Irbid, 21163 Jordan
| | - Zina M. Al-Alami
- grid.116345.40000000406441915Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jehan Hamadneh
- grid.37553.370000 0001 0097 5797Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hiba Alqam
- grid.14440.350000 0004 0622 5497Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, P.O.Box: 566, Irbid, 21163 Jordan
| | - Hussein Qublan
- Irbid Specialty Hospital IVF Center, Irbid Specialty Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
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Kwolek EM. Does the light at the end of the tunnel shine for everyone? The need for early paediatric participation in vaccine trials during infectious pandemics. CLINICAL ETHICS 2022; 17:346-351. [PMID: 36471720 PMCID: PMC9659690 DOI: 10.1177/14777509211036661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While most of the mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been in elderly populations and adults with significant medical comorbidities, there has been death and morbidity in paediatric populations. As vaccine trial data is released to the public, many people look to the future with hope ; with good vaccine uptake there is the opportunity to reduce the spread of infectious pandemics. Initial vaccine trials were completed with adults and were expanded to include paediatric populations delaying paediatric COVID-19 vaccine initiatives. The exclusion of children from initial vaccine trials during a pandemic is not morally justifiable and fosters distrust with the pharmaceutical and medical industries and inevitably postpones vaccinating children when there is a surplus of available vaccines. The delayed vaccination of children under twelve may have significant public health and economic consequences as there may be ongoing viral transmission in the context of reopening strategies. The safety and efficacy of these candidate vaccines in children should be assessed expeditiously so that distribution to vulnerable paediatric populations is not impacted. Vaccine uptake compliance in the general population is important in establishing herd immunity and ensuring that there is thorough scientific evidence to support vaccination for children is important in establishing community trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Kwolek
- Alberta Children’s Hospital, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University
of Calgary, Canada
- Columbia University in the City of New
York, USA
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17
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Wang L, Wen W, Chen C, Tang J, Wang C, Zhou M, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Feng Z, Wang W. Explore the attitudes of children and adolescent parents towards the vaccination of COVID-19 in China. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:122. [PMID: 35871020 PMCID: PMC9308112 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With the increasing incidence of asymptomatic carriers or milder symptoms, children and adolescents are likely to become a silent source of infection. In view of the efficacy and safety of vaccines in the treatment of novel Coronavirus pneumonia, population-wide vaccination will be an inevitable trend to control the spread of COVID-19. However, there is no survey on the attitudes of Chinese parents of children and adolescents towards their children’s COVID-19 vaccination. Methods We used online questionnaires to find out the attitudes of Chinese parents toward their children’s immunization against COVID-19. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors. Results A total of 2019 parents participated in the survey. Overall, 74.38% parents said they would actively get vaccinated, 8.90% refused to get vaccinated, 4.60% said they would delay vaccination and 12.12% were still undecided. Conclusions In general, Chinese parents have a high desire to be vaccinated against COVID-19, and most parents have a positive attitude towards their children’s vaccination. However, many people still hesitate or even refuse to be vaccinated. Education background, attitudes towards children’s vaccination, children’s age, recent illness and other factors have a certain impact on Chinese parents of children and adolescents towards their children’s COVID-19 vaccination. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-022-01321-7.
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18
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Sim JY, Wu PS, Cheng CF, Yiang GT, Yu CH. Characteristics, contacts, and relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children during school closures. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:1108-1115. [PMID: 35016846 PMCID: PMC8719363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Taiwanese households is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 infection, and estimate the relative risk of infection among children within households during school closures in Taipei and New Taipei City. METHODS We reviewed consecutive children below 18 years presenting to our emergency department from May 18, 2021 to July 12, 2021 who underwent real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 from respiratory swabs. Demographics, symptoms, and contacts were captured from medical records. Household contact was defined as an individual with confirmed COVID-19 living in the same residence as the child. RESULTS Among 56 children with SARS-CoV-2, twenty-five (45%) were male with mean age of 7.9 years. Symptoms were nonspecific, with 29% having fever, 32% having cough, and 48% were asymptomatic. The median cycle threshold (Ct) value of SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR was 25 (range 11-38). All 56 children reported 94 contacts with a COVID-19 patient, of which 99% were household contacts. The relative risk of infection was 8.5 (95% CI 5.0-14.7) for children whose parent(s) were COVID-19 patients, and 7.3 (95% CI 4.9-11.0) for children whose household grandparent(s) were patients, as compared to children without respective contacts. Children without COVID-19 contacts were all tested negative. CONCLUSIONS During school closures in Taipei and New Taipei City, children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in our cohort had one or more COVID-19 contacts, mostly within their households. While diagnosing pediatric COVID-19 is challenging as children were often asymptomatic, those without contacts were likely uninfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yi Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Sheng Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan,Department of Emergency Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan,Corresponding author. Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Road, Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
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19
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Al-Qerem W, Al Bawab AQ, Hammad A, Jaber T, Khdair SI, Kalloush H, Ling J, Mosleh R. Parents' attitudes, knowledge and practice towards vaccinating their children against COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2044257. [PMID: 35240943 PMCID: PMC9225601 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2044257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether children should be vaccinated against COVID-19 is currently being argued. The risk-benefit analysis of the vaccine in children has been more challenging because of the low prevalence of acute COVID-19 in children and the lack of confidence in the relative effects of the vaccine and the disease. One of the most convincing arguments for vaccinating healthy children is to protect them from long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to assess Jordanian parents' intention to vaccinate their children. This is an Internet-based cross-sectional survey. The researchers prepared a Google Forms survey and shared the link with a number of Jordanian Facebook generic groups. Data were gathered between September and November 2021. In this study, convenience sampling was used. Knowledge about COVID-19 and preventive practices against COVID-19 were calculated for each participant. A total of 819 participants completed the survey (female = 70.9%). Of these, 274 (30.2%) participants intended to vaccinate their children, whereas the rest were either unsure 176 (21.5%) or intended not to vaccinate their children 396 (48.4%). The variables that increased the odds of answering "No" vs "Yes" to "will you vaccinate your children against COVID-19" included not willing to take the vaccines themselves (OR 3.75; CI, 1.46-9.62) and low protective practice group (OR 1.73;CI, 1.12-2.68). Participants had significant levels of refusal/hesitancy. Several barriers to vaccination were identified; attempts to overcome these should be stepped up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Al-Qerem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Alaa Hammad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tasneem Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sawsan I Khdair
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haneen Kalloush
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jonathan Ling
- School of Health Sciences & Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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20
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Shaik RA, Ahmad MS, Alzahrani M, Alzerwi NAN, Alnemare AK, Reyzah M, Albar HM, Alshagrawi S, Elkhalifa AME, Alzahrani R, Alrohaimi Y, Mahfoz TMB, Ahmad RK, Alahmdi RA, Al-baradie NRS. Comprehensive Highlights of the Universal Efforts towards the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101689. [PMID: 36298554 PMCID: PMC9611897 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to the emergency use authorization (EUA) of therapeutic drugs or antibodies and their appropriate use; nonetheless, the disease is still spreading quickly and is ruining people’s social lives, the economy, and public health. As a result, effective vaccines are critical for bringing the pandemic to an end and restoring normalcy in society. Several potential COVID-19 vaccines are now being researched, developed, tested, and reviewed. Since the end of June 2022, several vaccines have been provisionally approved, whereas others are about to be approved. In the upcoming years, a large number of new medications that are presently undergoing clinical testing are anticipated to hit the market. To illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technique, to emphasize the additives and delivery methods used in their creation, and to project potential future growth, this study explores these vaccines and the related research endeavors, including conventional and prospective approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahamed Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohammed Shakil Ahmad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alzahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad K. Alnemare
- Otolaryngology Department, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Reyzah
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham M. Albar
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Ministry of Education, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Alshagrawi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti 1158, Sudan
| | - Raed Alzahrani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Alrohaimi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Bin Mahfoz
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13317, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritu Kumar Ahmad
- Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh Ahmed Alahmdi
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah Bin Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Khemiri H, Ayouni K, Triki H, Haddad-Boubaker S. SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population before and during the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants era. Virol J 2022; 19:144. [PMID: 36076271 PMCID: PMC9452867 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19, the coronavirus disease that emerged in December 2019, caused drastic damage worldwide. At the beginning of the pandemic, available data suggested that the infection occurs more frequently in adults than in infants. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children before and after B.1.617.2 Delta and B.1.1.529 Omicron variants emergence in terms of prevalence, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, complications and risk factors. METHODS Our method is based on the literature search on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. From January 2020 to July 2022, a total of 229 references, relevant for the purpose of this review, were considered. RESULTS The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants was underestimated. Up to the first half of May, most of the infected children presented asymptomatic or mild manifestations. The prevalence of COVID-19 varied from country to another: the highest was reported in the United States (22.5%). COVID-19 can progress and become more severe, especially with the presence of underlying health conditions. It can also progress into Kawasaki or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) manifestations, as a consequence of exacerbating immune response. With the emergence of the B.1.617.2 Delta and B.1.1.529 Omicron variants, it seems that these variants affect a large proportion of the younger population with the appearance of clinical manifestations similar to those presented by adults with important hospitalization rates. CONCLUSION The pediatric population constitutes a vulnerable group that requires particular attention, especially with the emergence of more virulent variants. The increase of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rate among children highlights the need to extend vaccination to the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Khemiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- LR 20 IPT 02 Laboratory of Virus, Host and Vectors, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Ayouni
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
- LR 20 IPT 02 Laboratory of Virus, Host and Vectors, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Haddad-Boubaker
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.
- LR 20 IPT 02 Laboratory of Virus, Host and Vectors, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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22
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Nka AD, Ka’e AC, Bouba Y, Ngoufack Jagni Semengue E, Tommo Tchouaket MC, Takou D, Pabo W, Fainguem N, Sosso SM, Colizzi V, Perno CF, Fokam J. Global burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and case fatality rate among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272839. [PMID: 35943981 PMCID: PMC9362926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has been the most important public health concern worldwide since 2020. Several vaccines are now available to help in controlling COVID-19 associated morbidity and mortality. This study will aim to provide the global and regional prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as an estimate of disease severity among COVID-19 vaccinated individuals. Materials and methods In order to determine the global burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection among vaccinated individuals, we will systematically extract and review papers from PubMed/MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Science direct and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). All the studies describing the prevalence and/or disease severity (hospitalization and case fatality rate) data of COVID-19 among individuals who received a partial or complete dose of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccines will be eligible. A random effect model will be used to calculate the pooled prevalence and to estimate the disease severity. Subgroup analysis will be performed to explore the association between the number of vaccine doses received and the COVID-19 burdens. Discussion This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide the global estimate data on pooled prevalence, hospitalization and case fatality rates of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals. Moreover, the factors associated with reinfection and disease severity will be equally investigated in the meta-analysis. The results of this study will contribute in the understanding and estimation of the global burden of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals. Findings will provide meaningful information for the success of the current global rollout of COVID-19 vaccination strategies and pave the way for future interventions. Systematic review registration CRD42021273074.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Durand Nka
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (ADN); (YB); (JF)
| | - Aude Christelle Ka’e
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Yagai Bouba
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- National AIDS Control Committee (NACC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (ADN); (YB); (JF)
| | - Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Michel Carlos Tommo Tchouaket
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Désiré Takou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Willy Pabo
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nadine Fainguem
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - Samuel Martin Sosso
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Vittorio Colizzi
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Evangelical University of Cameroon, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | | | - Joseph Fokam
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management, (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (ADN); (YB); (JF)
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23
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Pediatric Off-Label COVID-19 Vaccination: The Concerns of Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081236. [PMID: 36016124 PMCID: PMC9414769 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global health authorities have emphasized the vital role of healthcare professionals (HCPs) as a reliable source of vaccination information for patients in primary care. However, HCPs are concerned whether COVID-19 vaccinations can be used off-label. Hence, the current study was conducted to assess their perspectives towards off-label COVID-19 immunization in children. The study tool, consisting of 40 items, was utilized to evaluate HCPs’ knowledge and attitudes towards the off-label use of the COVID-19 vaccine in children under 12 years of age. To assess the unfavorable attitudes regarding vaccinations, the Vaccination Attitudes Examination Scale was employed. Overall, 477 completed questionnaires were incorporated in the present study, with a response rate of 88.9%. The mean age of the respondents was 38.6 ± 7.5 years; among whom the majority were physicians, n = 209 (43.8%), and pharmacists, n = 112 (23.4%). Approximately 78% of the respondents had a general awareness of off-label vaccination. Around 80% knew the adverse drug reactions associated with the use of COVID-19 vaccines. Females showed more mistrust about vaccine benefits, n = 55 (16.9%), compared to males, n = 21 (13.8%), and concerns about commercial profits of vaccines, n = 59 (18.1%), compared to males, n = 19 (12.5%). By profession, physicians showed statistically significantly lower mistrust, n = 18 (8.6%), and higher concerns about unpredicted effects of vaccines, n = 41 (19.6%). A major portion of the respondents, n = 327 (68.5%), did not consider that HCPs should prescribe/administer off-label COVID-19 vaccination in children. The current findings demonstrated that respondents had an appropriate level of understanding about COVID-19 immunization in children. They showed higher levels of rejection for off-label use of the COVID-19 vaccination.
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24
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Tavakoli N, Nafissi N, Shokri S, Fallahpour M, Soleimani S, Riahi T, Kalantari S, Javan A, Goodarzi A, Valizadeh R. Pediatric and Adolescent COVID-19 Vaccination Side Effects: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Iranian Teenage group in 2021. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4890-4900. [PMID: 35758760 PMCID: PMC9349687 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To determine the safety and efficacy profile of teenager COVID‐19 vaccination. In this retrospective cohort study, contact numbers of parents of teenagers under 18 years of age referred to a teenager vaccination centers in Tehran‐Iran to receive the corona vaccine were collected, and the following information was obtained via the phones: demographic information, type of vaccine, and the number of doses received, as well as additional information like complications and required treatments. Eleven thousand forty‐two subjects aged 10−18 years, mean age 14.55 ± 1.83 year including 5374 boys and 5768 girls were investigated. 88.1% received the Sinopharm and 11.9% the Soberana vaccine. General side effects, including fatigue, fever and chills, injection site pain and dizziness, and so forth happened in 2978 cases; 7421 children presented with at least one general or organ‐specific side effect following vaccination, including potentially critical side effects, such as vascular injuries, respiratory complication, and so forth. 0.1% of the subject needed hospital admission. The breakthrough infection happened in 200 individuals. Our study shows that Sinopharm and Soberana (PastoCoVac) COVID‐19 vaccines are generally safe with no serious side effects in less than 18 years old. COVID‐19 infection and reinfection can occur after vaccination, but the incidence is actually tolerable and significantly lower than in the unvaccinated group. Only 0.1% of the children with side effects related to vaccination need hospital admission. Regarding the ABO group, +A and then +O were the dominant blood group that developed COVID‐19. In total, 412 children developed major side effects (observed in 3.73% of all population and account for 5.5% of all observed side effects). In total, 3289 children developed general side effects following vaccination (0.2978 i.e., 2978 cases per 10 000 vaccinated children or about 30% of vaccinated children). There were 7421 children (67%) with at least one general or organ‐specific side effect following vaccination, including dermatological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, joint‐related, neurological, cardiovascular, and renal side effects following vaccination. All children who developed COVID‐19 after vaccination had a previous history of COVID‐19. There is no difference regarding the development of COVID‐19 after vaccination between the two vaccines of Sinopharm and Soberana. Only 1.8% of the children developed COVID‐19 after vaccination (Sinopharm [1.9%] and Soberana [1.5%]). After receiving both doses, the chance of developing COVID‐19 was the lowest. Regarding general side effects, fatigue, pain, and dizziness were higher in the Sinopharm group compared to the Soberana group. Soberana shows early side effects compared to Sinopharm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tavakoli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Nafissi
- Department of General Surgery, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Shokri
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fallahpour
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Soleimani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Riahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kalantari
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex Clinical Research Development Center (RCRDC), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rohollah Valizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Zhang P, Wei M, Jing P, Li Z, Li J, Zhu F. COVID-19 in children: epidemic issues and candidate vaccines. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1314-1324. [PMID: 35830254 PMCID: PMC9433085 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT A large-scale vaccination of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in adults has been conducted for nearly a year, and there is a growing recognition that immunization for children is also essential. It has been months since emergency use of pediatric COVID-19 vaccine was approved, we reviewed the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children. The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reduced due to vaccination even in a Delta prevalent period, so an increase in the vaccination rate is needed in children. Although the precise role of children in the transmission requires more research to uncover, they likely played a significant role, according to the available literature. We also described four candidate COVID-19 vaccines for children on their safety and immunogenicity and the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants on childhood vaccination. Safety issues on pediatric vaccines post-approval, like adverse events following immunization and adverse events of special interest require studies on long-term and effective regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Mingwei Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Pengfei Jing
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhuopei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
- Institute of Global Public Health and Emergency Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
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26
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Bilotta C, Perrone G, Zerbo S, Argo A. COVID-19 Vaccination in Pediatric Population: A Necessity or Obstruction to the Protection of the Right to Health? Biojuridical Perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 10:874687. [PMID: 35707056 PMCID: PMC9191355 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.874687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most recently debated topics worldwide is the mass vaccination of children against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Next, the risk/benefit ratio of COVID-19 vaccination and infection in children are compared. Nonetheless, the real question in this debate is as follows: Does the vaccine represent a necessary tool or is it an obstacle in protecting the right to health? From a public health point of view, the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, in Canada, recommends COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. Based on Article 25 of the Draft Articles on State responsibility, vaccination can be considered a social act necessary for protecting the individual's right to health. The 1989 New York Convention on the Rights of the Child and the European Regulation number 219/1111 state that the opinion of a minor aged >12 years is considerable. However, this validity of opinion is related to age and degree of discernment. The onset of adverse events following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine may lead to compensation in the near future. Recent studies have identified a new COVID-19-related pediatric pathology, known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Other studies have demonstrated that myocarditis in the pediatric population might occur following COVID-19 vaccine administration. In June 2021 in the USA, the Center for Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices declared that the benefits of vaccination against COVID-19 in the pediatric population outweighed the risks. In the meantime, whereas the bioethical debate remains open, monitoring the real risk/benefit ratio of vaccination in the pediatric population is crucial.
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27
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Hellou E, Mohsin J, Elemy A, Hakim F, Mustafa-Hellou M, Hamoud S. Effect of ArtemiC in patients with COVID-19: A Phase II prospective study. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3281-3289. [PMID: 35587574 PMCID: PMC9170814 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive efforts, there is no effective remedy for COVID‐19. Moreover, vaccination efficacy declines over time and may be compromised against new SARS‐CoV‐2 lineages. Therefore, there remains an unmet need for simple, accessible, low‐cost and effective pharmacological anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 agents. ArtemiC is a medical product comprising artemisinin, curcumin, frankincense and vitamin C, all of which possess anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant properties. The present Phase II placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, multi‐centred, prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ArtemiC in patients with COVID‐19. The study included 50 hospitalized symptomatic COVID‐19 patients randomized (2:1) to receive ArtemiC or placebo oral spray, twice daily on Days 1 and 2, beside standard care. A physical examination was performed, and vital signs and blood tests were monitored daily until hospital discharge (or Day 15). A PCR assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 carriage was performed at screening and on last visit. ArtemiC improved NEWS2 in 91% of patients and shortened durations of abnormal SpO2 levels, oxygen supplementation and fever. No treatment‐related adverse events were reported. These findings suggest that ArtemiC curbed deterioration, possibly by limiting cytokine storm of COVID‐19, thus bearing great promise for COVID‐19 patients, particularly those with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Hellou
- Department of Cardiology, E.M.M.S Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.,Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Hospital, Hadera, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jameel Mohsin
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Hospital, Hadera, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ameer Elemy
- Victory Department for COVID-19 Patients, E.M.M.S Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Victory Department for COVID-19 Patients, E.M.M.S Hospital, Nazareth, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | - Mona Mustafa-Hellou
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shadi Hamoud
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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28
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Marrone M, Luca BPD, Stellacci A, Buongiorno L, Caricato P, Cazzato G, Ferorelli D, Solarino B, Stefanizzi P, Tafuri S, Gorini E, Landro MD, Dell’Erba A, Laforgia N. COVID-19 Vaccination in Italian Children: The Limits of Parental Rights. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:625. [PMID: 35626802 PMCID: PMC9139867 DOI: 10.3390/children9050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaigns initially targeted the adult population. After the authorization of the main agencies, including the EMA (European Medicines Agency), the European Vaccination Plan now involves young people between the ages of 12-17 and 5-11. In assessing the child's "best interests", the refusal of vaccination by parents or guardians, in addition to the increased circulation of the virus, is responsible for the risk of social distancing. This reduction in social contacts, particularly during very sensitive ages such as adolescence, has been linked to the increased incidence of psychiatric illness, a significant reason for extending vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in these younger children. One may consider that government should issue a law that allows the child to decide on the vaccination plan, even without the consent of the parents or guardians, without the need for a judge's ruling. The availability of the child should be the point of reference, according to the National Bioethics Committee, for consent to vaccination. The authors investigate the subject in depth in order to counteract vaccination hesitation, and promote the dissemination of correct scientific information, using every different possible communication tool, as well as social networks and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricla Marrone
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Benedetta Pia De Luca
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Stellacci
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Luigi Buongiorno
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Pierluigi Caricato
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Ferorelli
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Biagio Solarino
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (P.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ettore Gorini
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Michele di Landro
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.d.L.)
| | - Alessandro Dell’Erba
- Section of Legal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (B.P.D.L.); (A.S.); (L.B.); (P.C.); (D.F.); (B.S.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- U.O.C. Neonatology and NICU Policlinico Bari, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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29
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Fefferman NH, Blacker KA, Price CA, LoBue V. When do children avoid infection risks: Lessons for schools during the COVID-19 pandemic. iScience 2022; 25:103989. [PMID: 35252803 PMCID: PMC8881814 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical closing of schools because of COVID-19 has disrupted both student learning and family logistics. There is significant pressure for in-person learning to remain open for all children. However, as is expected with outbreaks of novel infections, vaccines and other pharmaceutical therapeutics may not be instantly available. This raises serious public health questions about the risks to children and society at large. The best protective measures for keeping young children in school focus on behaviors that limit transmission. It is therefore critical to understand how we can engage children in age-appropriate ways that will best support their ability to adhere to protocols effectively. Here, we synthesize published studies with new results to investigate the earliest ages at which children form an understanding of infection risk and when they can translate that understanding effectively to protective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Fefferman
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA
| | - Katy-Ann Blacker
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Charles A Price
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37966, USA
| | - Vanessa LoBue
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system 'evolution' and 'revolution'. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e19. [PMID: 35535759 PMCID: PMC9884756 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system 'evolution' as well as 'revolution' that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.
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Alfaro T, Batiste A, Duque A, Felix-Okoroji B, Marroquin M, Martinez R, O'Neal C, Osazuwa N, Paul A, Robinson K, Williams E. The Effect of Vaccine Hesitancy on Racial and Ethnic Minority Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatr Ann 2022; 51:e107-e111. [PMID: 35293811 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20220216-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has ravaged the world, with numerous cases disproportionally attributed to the United States due to vaccine hesitancy. One vulnerable group that has been affected by vaccine hesitancy is the pediatric population, particularly those in racial and ethnic minority groups. To improve health outcomes and vaccination rates, we must first understand the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and its subsequent influence on the pediatric population. The medical community can better tailor public health strategies by analyzing historical and current events contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A comprehensive approach will improve the health of children and society as a whole. [Pediatr Ann. 2022;51(3):e107-e111.].
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Malcangi G, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo AM, Piras F, Settanni V, Garofoli G, Palmieri G, Ceci S, Patano A, Mancini A, Vimercati L, Nemore D, Scardapane A, Rapone B, Semjonova A, D’Oria MT, Macchia L, Bordea IR, Migliore G, Scarano A, Lorusso F, Tartaglia GM, Giovanniello D, Nucci L, Maggialetti N, Parisi A, Domenico MD, Brienza N, Tafuri S, Stefanizzi P, Curatoli L, Corriero A, Contaldo M, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G. COVID-19 Infection in Children and Infants: Current Status on Therapies and Vaccines. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:249. [PMID: 35204969 PMCID: PMC8870718 DOI: 10.3390/children9020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak appeared to affect mostly the adult population, sparing the vast majority of children who only showed mild symptoms. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the status on the mechanisms that give children and infants this variation in epidemiology compared to the adult population and its impact on therapies and vaccines that are aimed towards them. A literature review, including in vitro studies, reviews, published guidelines and clinical trials was performed. Clinical trials concerned topics that allowed a descriptive synthesis to be produced. Four underlying mechanisms were found that may play a key role in providing COVID-19 protection in babies. No guidelines are available yet for therapy due to insufficient data; support therapy remains the most used. Only two vaccines are approved by the World Health Organization to be used in children from 12 years of age, and there are currently no efficacy or safety data for children below the age of 12 years. The COVID-19 clinical frame infection is milder in children and adolescents. This section of the population can act as vectors and reservoirs and play a key role in the transmission of the infection; therefore, vaccines are paramount. More evidence is required to guide safely the vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Fabio Piras
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Vito Settanni
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Grazia Garofoli
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Giulia Palmieri
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Sabino Ceci
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Damiano Nemore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Arnaldo Scardapane
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Alexandra Semjonova
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria Teresa D’Oria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Macchia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), School and Chair of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Delia Giovanniello
- Department of Toracic Surgery, Hospital “San Camillo Forlanini”, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Nicola Maggialetti
- Department of Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Brienza
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvio Tafuri
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Stefanizzi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (S.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Luigi Curatoli
- Department Neurosciences & Sensory Organs & Musculoskeletal System, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Corriero
- Unit of Anesthesia and Resuscitation, Department of Emergencies and Organ Transplantations, Aldo Moro University, 70124 Bari, Italy; (N.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (A.D.I.); (A.M.I.); (F.P.); (V.S.); (G.G.); (G.P.); (S.C.); (A.P.); (A.M.); (L.V.); (D.N.); (A.S.); (B.R.); (A.S.); (M.T.D.); (G.D.)
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Tung TH, Lin XQ, Chen Y, Wu H, Zhang MX, Zhu JS. Why do parents willingness-to-pay to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? A real-world evidence in Taizhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:1-9. [PMID: 35061958 PMCID: PMC8920241 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2014731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
- Public Laboratory, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
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Shrivastava P, Shrivastava S. Coronavirus Disease-2019 Infection among Children. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF BABYLON 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_103_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Campagnani G, Bardanzellu F, Pintus MC, Fanos V, Marcialis MA. COVID-19 Vaccination in Children: An Open Question. Curr Pediatr Rev 2022; 18:226-236. [PMID: 34931965 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666211220093111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A safe and effective vaccine represents the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused more than 4 million deaths to date. Several vaccines have now been approved worldwide, depending on the country. Being administered to healthy people, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines must meet high safety standards, and this is even more important among the pediatric population in which the risk of developing severe disease is significantly lower than adults. However, vaccination of the pediatric population could help in reducing viral spread in the whole population. OBJECTIVE Our narrative review analyzes and discusses the currently available literature on the advantages and disadvantages of COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population. METHODS A bibliographic research was conducted through Pubmed, Read, and Scopus using COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, immunization, antibody, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, COVID-19 vaccine safety, children, adolescents, MIS-C, adverse effects as keywords. RESULTS Although children are less susceptible to COVID-19 infection, they can develop serious consequences, including multi-inflammatory syndrome. However, any vaccine-related side effects should be evaluated before administering vaccination to children while ensuring complete safety. To date, adverse effects are reported in adolescents and young adults following vaccination; however, these are mostly isolated reports. CONCLUSION Further investigation is needed to establish whether there is indeed a cause-and-effect relationship in the development of vaccine-related adverse effects. However, to date, COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for children and adolescents older than 12 years of age. However, this question is still under debate and involves ethical, political, and social issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campagnani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA , Italy
| | - Flaminia Bardanzellu
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA , Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Pintus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA , Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA , Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Marcialis
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, CA , Italy
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Biharie A, Keuning MW, Wolthers KC, Pajkrt D. Comorbidities, clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in pediatric patients in a tertiary medical center in the Netherlands. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:558-563. [PMID: 35622313 PMCID: PMC9136553 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Biharie
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Maya W. Keuning
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katja C. Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Delgado-Gallegos JL, Padilla-Rivas GR, Gastelum-Arias LJ, Zuñiga-Violante E, Avilés-Rodríguez G, Arellanos-Soto D, Franco-Villareal H, Garza-Treviño EN, Cosío-León MDLÁ, Romo-Cardenas GS, Ramos-Jiménez J, Rivas-Estrilla AM, Moreno-Cuevas JE, Islas JF. Parent's Perspective towards Child COVID-19 Vaccination: An Online Cross-Sectional Study in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:290. [PMID: 35010556 PMCID: PMC8751075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination programs continue in child populations. Thus, parents' attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination of their children is crucial for these strategies to succeed. The present study derives from the application of an online COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance & Hesitancy Questionnaire (COV-AHQ) in which we measure parent's hesitancy towards children's vaccination (section 4 of the COV-AHQ) and other significant factors. A logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise method was used to quantify the associations between factors and parent's hesitancy. According to the correlation analysis, the most representative factors predicting vaccine hesitancy/acceptance were positive attitude towards vaccination, parents believing that the COVID-19 vaccine will enhance the economic situation of the country, parents actively researching information, having the willingness to obtain the COVID-19 vaccine themselves, and the possibility of their children developing adverse effects. Our findings also showed that parents are highly interested in having their children vaccinated. Nonetheless, parents expressed high levels of concern involving their children in developing adverse effects from the vaccine. In addition, obtaining influenza immunization prompted interest in obtaining the COVID-19 vaccine, and younger-aged parents are much more concerned with having their children vaccinated. Therefore, in order to ensure successful vaccination programs, policymakers and health authorities should design strategies to gain confidence and provide security amongst the population, including giving continuous information about the benefits of vaccination and presenting the frequency of side effects to bring parents on board with vaccinating their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | - Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | - Lilia Julieta Gastelum-Arias
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | - Erika Zuñiga-Violante
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de Montemorelos, Montemorelos 67515, Mexico;
| | - Gener Avilés-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (G.A.-R.); (G.S.R.-C.)
| | - Daniel Arellanos-Soto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | | | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | | | - Gerardo Salvador Romo-Cardenas
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Mexico; (G.A.-R.); (G.S.R.-C.)
| | - Javier Ramos-Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | - Ana Ma. Rivas-Estrilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
| | - Jorge E. Moreno-Cuevas
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Mexico
| | - Jose Francisco Islas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, Mexico; (J.L.D.-G.); (G.R.P.-R.); (L.J.G.-A.); (D.A.-S.); (E.N.G.-T.); (J.R.-J.); (A.M.R.-E.)
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Rudan I, Adeloye D, Katikireddi V, Murray J, Simpson C, Shah SA, Robertson C, Sheikh A. The COVID-19 pandemic in children and young people during 2020-2021: A complex discussion on vaccination. J Glob Health 2021; 11:01011. [PMID: 35047183 PMCID: PMC8763337 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Josie Murray
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
| | - Colin Simpson
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chris Robertson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - EAVE II collaboration
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, UK
- COVID-19 Surveillance Lead, Public Health Scotland, Fife, UK
- School of Health, Wellington Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK and Public Health Scotland, Glasgow, UK
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39
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Zou H, Yang Y, Dai H, Xiong Y, Wang JQ, Lin L, Chen ZS. Recent Updates in Experimental Research and Clinical Evaluation on Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732403. [PMID: 34880750 PMCID: PMC8646041 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan (China) in December 2019, the epidemic has rapidly spread to many countries around the world, posing a huge threat to global public health. In response to the pandemic, a number of clinical studies have been initiated to evaluate the effect of various treatments against COVID-19, combining medical strategies and clinical trial data from around the globe. Herein, we summarize the clinical evaluation about the drugs mentioned in this review for COVID-19 treatment. This review discusses the recent data regarding the efficacy of various treatments in COVID-19 patients, to control and prevent the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Huiqiang Dai
- Cell Research Center, Shenzhen Bolun Institute of Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunchuang Xiong
- Cell Research Center, Shenzhen Bolun Institute of Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lusheng Lin
- Cell Research Center, Shenzhen Bolun Institute of Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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40
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Samannodi M, Alwafi H, Naser AY, Alabbasi R, Alsahaf N, Alosaimy R, Minshawi F, Almatrafi M, Khalifa R, Ekram R, Salawati E. Assessment of caregiver willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4857-4864. [PMID: 34856857 PMCID: PMC8903930 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination against COVID-19 is the key to controlling the pandemic. Parents are the decision makers in the case of children vaccination as they are responsible for them. This study aims to investigate the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination for children among parents in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered questionnaire. A 35-items questionnaire was distributed via social media platforms between June 6 and July 9-2021. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the participants' characteristics. Categorical variables were reported as frequencies and percentages. Predictors of vaccination acceptance were identified using binary logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 581 parents were involved in this study. A majority of parents 63.9% reported that they will vaccinate their children if the vaccine becomes available. Around 40% of them confirmed that they want their child to be among the first to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Nearly a quarter, 23.9%, reported that they will vaccinate their child against influenza this year. The most commonly reported reason for hesitancy was poor awareness about the vaccine's effectiveness on children. Adequate information about the COVID-19 vaccine was the most agreed cause to accept the vaccine. Having five or more children was a significant predictor for poor vaccination acceptance (OR: 0.42 (95%CI: 0.21-0.86), p < .05). CONCLUSION An appropriate proportion of parents are willing to vaccinate their children if the vaccine becomes available for children in Saudi Arabia. Public health awareness must be raised to gain public trust in the vaccination and the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Renan Alabbasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alsahaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alosaimy
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Almatrafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Khalifa
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King Abdallah Medical City, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Ekram
- School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Chachar TS, Yousuf N, Sulaibikh L, Abdulqader F, Alqahtani M. First Report of Acute Myocarditis Post-Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccination in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Cureus 2021; 13:e20313. [PMID: 35028213 PMCID: PMC8747994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 24-year-old male patient who presented to our institution five days after receiving his first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine to rule out acute coronary syndrome due to chest pain along with troponin increase and ECG changes. Acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection was excluded based on a negative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of specimens acquired using nasopharyngeal swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and all other viral serologies were found to be negative. Coronary angiogram showed normal coronaries, and the presence of late gadolinium enhancement, which is indicative of myocarditis, was identified using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our case report raises concern that the COVID-19 vaccine may cause myocarditis as a rare side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique S Chachar
- Cardiology, Mohammed Bin Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Riffa, BHR
| | - Nooraldaem Yousuf
- Interventional Cardiology, Mohammed Bin Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Riffa, BHR
| | - Leena Sulaibikh
- Non-Invasive Cardiology, Mohammed Bin Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Riffa, BHR
| | - Fuad Abdulqader
- Interventional Cardiology, Mohammed Bin Khalifa Specialist Cardiac Centre, Riffa, BHR
| | - Manaf Alqahtani
- Infectious Disease, Bahrain Defence Force Royal Medical Services, Riffa, BHR
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42
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Investigating the Influence of Vaccine Literacy, Vaccine Perception and Vaccine Hesitancy on Israeli Parents' Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine for Their Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9121391. [PMID: 34960137 PMCID: PMC8703688 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is currently the most effective strategy for combating COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines were introduced to the adult population in Israel in early December 2020 and have been available for children aged 12–15 since June 2021. Our study aimed at assessing the influence of vaccine literacy, perception, hesitancy, and behavior on Israeli parents’ intentions to have their children vaccinated. Using an anonymous online questionnaire, we recruited 520 parents; 70.4% of the parents indicated that they would get their children vaccinated. The participants’ COVID-19 vaccination status was the only socio-demographic factor significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccination acceptability (OR = 32.89; 95%CI = [13.11, 82.54]). The most common sources of information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine were health-care providers and the Internet. Parents who intend to vaccinate their children had higher mean levels of vaccine literacy (2.99 ± 0.47 vs. 3.07 ± 0.44 respectively, p = 0.06), more positive perception of the vaccine (mean scores of 2.26 ± 0.75 vs. 3.44 ± 0.68 respectively, p < 0.001), and lower perceived vaccine hesitancy (7.53 ± 2.37 vs. 4.68 ± 2.71 respectively, p < 0.001) than parents who do not intend to do so. Vaccine behavior was measured using the 5C model of psychological antecedents. All 5C components were significantly correlated with parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children. Understanding of parents’ willingness to have their children receive the COVID-19 vaccine and the barriers to and facilitators of the vaccination is crucial, as vaccination of children aged 5–11 has recently been approved by the FDA. Providing the population with reliable information regarding the COVID-19 vaccine is an important measure in the attempt to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
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Temsah MH, Alhuzaimi AN, Aljamaan F, Bahkali F, Al-Eyadhy A, Alrabiaah A, Alhaboob A, Bashiri FA, Alshaer A, Temsah O, Bassrawi R, Alshahrani F, Chaiah Y, Alaraj A, Assiri RA, Jamal A, Batais MA, Saddik B, Halwani R, Alzamil F, Memish ZA, Barry M, Al-Subaie S, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alhasan K. Parental Attitudes and Hesitancy About COVID-19 vs. Routine Childhood Vaccinations: A National Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:752323. [PMID: 34722451 PMCID: PMC8548678 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To quantify parental acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and assess the vaccine hesitancy (VH) for COVID-19 vs. childhood vaccines. Methods: Eight vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS) items, adopted from WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Immunization (SAGE), were used to assess VH for COVID-19 vaccine vs. routine childhood vaccines. We distributed the online survey to parents with the commence of the national childhood COVID-19 vaccination program in Saudi Arabia. Results: Among 3,167 parents, 47.6% are decided to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The most common reasons for refusal were inadequate safety information (69%) and worry about side effects (60.6%). Parents have a significantly greater positive attitudes toward children's routine vaccines vs. the COVID-19 vaccine, with higher mean VHS (±SD) = 2.98 ± 0.58 vs. 2.63 ± 0.73, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Parents agreed more that routine childhood vaccines are more essential and effective as compared to the COVID-19 vaccine (Cohen's D: 0.946, and 0.826, consecutively; T-test p-value < 0.00). There is more parental anxiety about serious side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine vs. routine childhood vaccines (Cohen's D = 0.706, p-value < 0.001). Parents who relied on the Ministry of Health information were more predicted (OR = 1.28, p-value = 0.035) to intend to vaccinate as opposed to those who used the WHO website (OR = 0.47, −53%, p-value < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with intention to vaccinate children were parents who received COVID-19 vaccine, older parents, having children aged 12–18, and parents with lower education levels. Conclusions: Significant proportion of parents are hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine because they are less confident in its effectiveness, safety, and whether it is essential for their children. Relying on the national official healthcare authority's website for the source of information was associated with increased acceptance of childhood COVID-19 vaccination. As parental intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 is suboptimal, healthcare authorities could boost vaccine uptake by campaigns targeting hesitant parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alhuzaimi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- Critical Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Bahkali
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Alrabiaah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Bashiri
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alshaer
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Temsah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rolan Bassrawi
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alshahrani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazan Chaiah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alzamil
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Subaie
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious respiratory disease mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The worldwide spread of COVID-19 has caused millions of confirmed cases and morbidity, and the crisis has greatly affected global economy and daily life and changed our attitudes towards life. The reproductive system, as a potential target, is at a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and females are more vulnerable to viral infection compared with males. Therefore, female fertility and associated reproductive health care in the COVID-19 era need more attention. This review summarises the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the female reproductive system and discusses the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on female fertility. Studies have proven that COVID-19 might affect female fertility and interfere with assisted reproductive technology procedures. The side effects of vaccines against the virus on ovarian reserve and pregnancy have not yet been well investigated. In the future, the female fertility after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination needs more attention because of the uncertainty of COVID-19.
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45
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Yoda T, Katsuyama H. Parents' hesitation about getting their children vaccinated against COVID-19 in Japan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4993-4998. [PMID: 34623937 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1981087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the urgent global need for vaccinating individuals of all ages against the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the extent and reasons for parents' willingness to get their children vaccinated is important. This study used an internet-based questionnaire survey to determine parents' willingness to get their children (0 to 15 years) vaccinated in Japan and was conducted in April 2021 before COVID-19 vaccination for children began. Socio-demographic information, information about parents' willingness to get children vaccinated, reasons for their responses, and parents' willingness to get themselves vaccinated were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate parents' willingness to get children vaccinated based on the other variables. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of parents who indicated willingness to get their children vaccinated and to identify the reasons for vaccine willingness. Of the 1100 respondents, 472 were willing to get children vaccinated, 470 were not sure, and 158 did not want to get children vaccinated. Considerable differences were found in the willingness to get children vaccinated across gender, age groups, occupation, annual income, respondent's academic background, and respondent's willingness to get COVID-19 vaccination for themselves. Reasons for being unsure about the vaccination included the vaccine's potential side effects (84.9%), uncertainty about vaccine safety (54.7%), and not trusting vaccine efficiency (25.7%). Parents' willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine for themselves was a significant factor for their willingness to get children vaccinated after adjusting all other factors. The study recommends disseminating more and correct information to the public to increase vaccine willingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoda
- Department of Public Health, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan.,Department of Health and Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
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46
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Bagateli LE, Saeki EY, Fadda M, Agostoni C, Marchisio P, Milani GP. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Parents of Children and Adolescents Living in Brazil. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1115. [PMID: 34696223 PMCID: PMC8540804 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunization of large portions of populations in low/middle-income countries is considered one of the key measures to limit the development of new SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, parental vaccine hesitancy might be an important obstacle to pediatric vaccination. The aim of this survey was to study the prevalence and extent of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of children and adolescents living in Brazil. METHODS Caregivers of children and adolescents referred to the emergency department of Hospital Estadual de Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil) were invited to fill in a validated questionnaire on vaccine hesitancy and to report their willingness for themselves and their offspring to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS A total of 501 consecutive caregivers filled in the survey. Response rate was 100%. A minority (N = 14, 2.8%) of caregivers were hesitant about vaccines. Despite this, half of them declared they were willing to vaccinate their offspring against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS This survey identifies that vaccine hesitancy is very low among caregivers living in Brazil and that even many of the hesitant caregivers are willing to vaccinate their offspring against COVID-19. This study highlights the importance of offering the COVID-19 vaccination to the whole population, including subjects that present uncertainty about other vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Evangelista Bagateli
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (P.M.); (G.P.M.)
| | - Edna Yayoi Saeki
- Pediatrics, Hospital Estadual de Bauru, Bauru 17033-360, Brazil;
| | - Marta Fadda
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (P.M.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Polcilinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (P.M.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Polcilinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.E.B.); (P.M.); (G.P.M.)
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Polcilinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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47
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Yan Z, Yang M, Lai CL. COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Comprehensive Review of Their Safety and Efficacy in Special Populations. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1097. [PMID: 34696205 PMCID: PMC8539110 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide since late 2019. There is no definitive cure to date. Global vaccination programs are urgently required to confer herd immunity, reducing the incidence of COVID-19 infections and associated morbidity and mortality. However, a significant proportion of special populations are hesitant to receive vaccination due to their special conditions, namely, age (pediatrics and geriatrics), immunocompromised state, autoimmune diseases, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions, active or treated cancers, and pregnancy. This review aims to evaluate the existing evidence of COVID-19 vaccinations on these special populations and to provide clues to guide vaccination decision making to balance the benefits and risks of vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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48
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L’Huillier AG, Ardura MI, Chaudhuri A, Danziger‐Isakov L, Dulek D, Green M, Michaels MG, Posfay‐Barbe KM, Vàsquez L, Benden C. COVID-19 vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients-Current state and future directions. Pediatr Transplant 2021; 25:e14031. [PMID: 34076928 PMCID: PMC8236924 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-level COVID-19 immunization will play a key role in slowing down the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on a global scale and protect the most at-risk individuals. Thanks to a formidable universal effort, several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been marketed less than a year since the first documented COVID-19 case, with promising safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity results in adults. As children were not included in the initial trials, no vaccine is currently approved for individuals <16 years of age. Similarly, immunosuppressed individuals, such as solid organ transplant recipients, were excluded from initial vaccine trials, limiting the understanding of vaccine immunogenicity and safety in this at-risk population. Thus, data regarding COVID-19 vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplantation recipients are currently lacking. METHODS Members of the International Pediatric Transplant Association review the current general status of COVID-19 vaccines focusing on pediatric-specific issues. RESULTS This review provides an overview of COVID-19 vaccines in pediatric SOT recipients and highlights the current paucity of data in both pediatric and transplant settings in terms of safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Vaccine trials including children and transplant recipients are underway and will be necessary to characterize COVID-19 vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy, which will determine potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud G. L’Huillier
- Faculty of MedicineChildren’s Hospital of GenevaGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Monica I. Ardura
- Nationwide Children’s HospitalThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | | | | | - Daniel Dulek
- Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Michael Green
- UPMC Children’s Hospital of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Klara M. Posfay‐Barbe
- Faculty of MedicineChildren’s Hospital of GenevaGeneva University HospitalsGenevaSwitzerland
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49
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Parental plans to vaccinate children for COVID-19 in New York city. Vaccine 2021; 39:5082-5086. [PMID: 34340854 PMCID: PMC8299285 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Once COVID-19 vaccines are approved for children < 12 years of age, high pediatric vaccination coverage will be needed to help minimize the public health threat from the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. We conducted an online survey of 1,119 parents and caregivers of children ≤ 12 years in New York City from March 9 to April 11, 2021. Among parents surveyed, 61.9% reported plans to vaccinate their youngest child for COVID-19, 14.8% said they do not plan to vaccinate their child and 23.3% were unsure. Female and non-Hispanic Black parents were least likely to report plans to vaccinate their children. Safety, effectiveness and perceptions that children do not need vaccination were the primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy/resistance. Parents who have or will vaccinate themselves were significantly more likely to report they would vaccinate their children. Efforts to increase awareness about vaccine safety and education about the importance of vaccinating children are needed.
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Han B, Song Y, Li C, Yang W, Ma Q, Jiang Z, Li M, Lian X, Jiao W, Wang L, Shu Q, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Li Q, Gao Q. Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in healthy children and adolescents: a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:1645-1653. [PMID: 34197764 PMCID: PMC8238449 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(21)00319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background A vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for children and adolescents will play an important role in curbing the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we aimed to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a candidate COVID-19 vaccine, CoronaVac, containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2, in children and adolescents aged 3–17 years. Methods We did a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial of CoronaVac in healthy children and adolescents aged 3–17 years old at Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Zanhuang (Hebei, China). Individuals with SARS-CoV-2 exposure or infection history were excluded. Vaccine (in 0·5 mL aluminum hydroxide adjuvant) or aluminum hydroxide only (alum only, control) was given by intramuscular injection in two doses (day 0 and day 28). We did a phase 1 trial in 72 participants with an age de-escalation in three groups and dose-escalation in two blocks (1·5 μg or 3·0 μg per injection). Within each block, participants were randomly assigned (3:1) by means of block randomisation to receive CoronaVac or alum only. In phase 2, participants were randomly assigned (2:2:1) by means of block randomisation to receive either CoronaVac at 1·5 μg or 3·0 μg per dose, or alum only. All participants, investigators, and laboratory staff were masked to group allocation. The primary safety endpoint was adverse reactions within 28 days after each injection in all participants who received at least one dose. The primary immunogenicity endpoint assessed in the per-protocol population was seroconversion rate of neutralising antibody to live SARS-CoV-2 at 28 days after the second injection. This study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04551547. Findings Between Oct 31, 2020, and Dec 2, 2020, 72 participants were enrolled in phase 1, and between Dec 12, 2020, and Dec 30, 2020, 480 participants were enrolled in phase 2. 550 participants received at least one dose of vaccine or alum only (n=71 for phase 1 and n=479 for phase 2; safety population). In the combined safety profile of phase 1 and phase 2, any adverse reactions within 28 days after injection occurred in 56 (26%) of 219 participants in the 1·5 μg group, 63 (29%) of 217 in the 3·0 μg group, and 27 (24%) of 114 in the alum-only group, without significant difference (p=0·55). Most adverse reactions were mild and moderate in severity. Injection site pain was the most frequently reported event (73 [13%] of 550 participants), occurring in 36 (16%) of 219 participants in the 1·5 μg group, 35 (16%) of 217 in the 3·0 μg group, and two (2%) in the alum-only group. As of June 12, 2021, only one serious adverse event of pneumonia has been reported in the alum-only group, which was considered unrelated to vaccination. In phase 1, seroconversion of neutralising antibody after the second dose was observed in 27 of 27 participants (100·0% [95% CI 87·2–100·0]) in the 1·5 μg group and 26 of 26 participants (100·0% [86·8-100·0]) in the 3·0 μg group, with the geometric mean titres of 55·0 (95% CI 38·9–77·9) and 117·4 (87·8–157·0). In phase 2, seroconversion was seen in 180 of 186 participants (96·8% [93·1–98·8]) in the 1·5 μg group and 180 of 180 participants (100·0% [98·0–100·0]) in the 3·0 μg group, with the geometric mean titres of 86·4 (73·9–101·0) and 142·2 (124·7–162·1). There were no detectable antibody responses in the alum-only groups. Interpretation CoronaVac was well tolerated and safe and induced humoral responses in children and adolescents aged 3–17 years. Neutralising antibody titres induced by the 3·0 μg dose were higher than those of the 1·5 μg dose. The results support the use of 3·0 μg dose with a two-immunisation schedule for further studies in children and adolescents. Funding The Chinese National Key Research and Development Program and the Beijing Science and Technology Program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihua Han
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - Changgui Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qingxia Ma
- Zanhuang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zanhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Beijing Key Tech Statistics Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - Wenbin Jiao
- Zanhuang County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zanhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | | | - Qun Shu
- Beijing Key Tech Statistics Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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