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Banerjee P, Chau K, Kotla S, Davis EL, Turcios EB, Li S, Pengzhi Z, Wang G, Kolluru GK, Jain A, Cooke JP, Abe J, Le NT. A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024:10.1007/s11883-024-01223-5. [PMID: 38958925 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of sadness and worthlessness. MDD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the precise link between these conditions remains unclear. This review explores factors underlying the development of MDD and CVD, including genetic, epigenetic, platelet activation, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. RECENT FINDINGS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the membrane-associated guanylate kinase WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 (MAGI-1) are associated with neuroticism and psychiatric disorders including MDD. SNPs in MAGI-1 are also linked to chronic inflammatory disorders such as spontaneous glomerulosclerosis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Increased MAGI-1 expression has been observed in colonic epithelial samples from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. MAGI-1 also plays a role in regulating EC activation and atherogenesis in mice and is essential for Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced EC apoptosis, and thrombin-induced EC permeability. Despite being understudied in human disease; evidence suggests that MAGI-1 may play a role in linking CVD and MDD. Therefore, further investigation of MAG-1 could be warranted to elucidate its potential involvement in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleanor L Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estefani Berrios Turcios
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyu Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhang Pengzhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Jain
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Noori E, Hashemi N, Rezaee D, Maleki R, Shams F, Kazemi B, Bandepour M, Rahimi F. Potential therapeutic options for celiac Disease: An update on Current evidence from Gluten-Free diet to cell therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112020. [PMID: 38608449 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy and multifactorial disease caused by inappropriate immune responses to gluten in the small intestine. Weight loss, anemia, osteoporosis, arthritis, and hepatitis are among the extraintestinal manifestations of active CD. Currently, a strict lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only safe, effective, and available treatment. Despite the social burden, high expenses, and challenges of following a GFD, 2 to 5 percent of patients do not demonstrate clinical or pathophysiological improvement. Therefore, we need novel and alternative therapeutic approaches for patients. Innovative approaches encompass a broad spectrum of strategies, including enzymatic degradation of gluten, inhibition of intestinal permeability, modulation of the immune response, inhibition of the transglutaminase 2 (TG2) enzyme, blocking antigen presentation by HLA-DQ2/8, and induction of tolerance. Hence, this review is focused on comprehensive therapeutic strategies ranging from dietary approaches to novel methods such as antigen-based immunotherapy, cell and gene therapy, and the usage of nanoparticles for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effat Noori
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nader Hashemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Maleki
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Forough Shams
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahram Kazemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandepour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Sharma N, Narang V, Sood A, Midha V, Senapati S. Reduced expression of Ankyrin-G and E-cadherin in duodenal mucosal biopsy of subjects with celiac disease. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155164. [PMID: 38324966 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Confirmatory diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) include histopathology of duodenal biopsy and tissue trans-glutaminase-IgA. Identification of tissue-specific histological markers is warranted to improve the diagnosis. A genetic study in CD identified the association of ankyrin-G that connects E-cadherin with β2-spectrin in epithelial cells of the duodenal tissue. We attempted to investigate the differential expression of ankyrin-G, E-cadherin and β2-spectrin in duodenal biopsy of CD subjects compared to non-CD controls. Duodenal tissue was collected from 83 study participants, of which 50 were CD, and 33 were non-CD controls. Whole RNA was isolated from 32 CD and 23 non-CD controls from available tissues, and differential mRNA expression was measured using real-time PCR. Tissue sections from 18 CD cases and 10 non-CD controls were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies. Tissue immunohistochemistry were evaluated for differential expression and pattern of expression. RT-PCR revealed significantly reduced expression of ankyrin-G (fold change=0.63; p=0.03) and E-cadherin (fold change=0.50; p=0.02) among CD subjects compared to non-CD controls. Tissue immunohistochemistry confirmed the reduced expression of ankyrin-G and E-cadherin in CD. Differential expression is grossly limited within the outer columnar epithelial cell layer. Expression fold change of E-cadherin was seen to partially correlate with the serum tTG level (r=0.4; p=0.04). In CD, reduced expression of two key cytoskeletal proteins (ankyrin-G and E-cadherin) in duodenum mucosa was observed, which indicates its implication in disease biology and could be tested as a tissue-specific biomarker for CD. Functional studies may unravel the specific contribution of these proteins in CD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda-151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Vikram Narang
- Department of Pathology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda-151401, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Xiang Y, Sun M, Wu Y, Hu Y. MiR-205-5p-Mediated MAGI1 Inhibition Attenuates the Injury Induced by Diabetic Nephropathy. Pharmacology 2024; 109:98-109. [PMID: 38325349 DOI: 10.1159/000535670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Membrane-associated guanylate kinase with an inverted domain structure-1 (MAGI1) is dysregulated in diabetes; however, its role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. In this study, we determined the function and associated mechanisms of MAGI1 in DN. METHODS Serum samples from 28 patients with DN and 28 normal volunteers were collected. High-glucose (HG)-treated human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs) and streptozotocin-treated rats were used as cell and animal models of DN, respectively. MAGI1 mRNA expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. An 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay was used to assess cell proliferation, whereas Western blot analysis was performed to quantitate the levels of markers associated with proliferation, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammation. These included collagens I, collagen IV, cyclin D1, AKT, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT), PI3K, and phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K). The predicted binding of miR-205-5p with the MAGI1 3'UTR was verified using a luciferase assay. RESULTS MAGI1 expression was increased in serum samples from DN patients and in HRMCs treated with HG. MAGI1 knockdown attenuated excessive proliferation, ECM accumulation, and inflammation in HG-induced HRMCs as well as injury to DN rats. MiR-205-5p potentially interacted with the 3'UTR of MAGI1 and binding was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-205-5p repression offset the inhibitory influence of MAGI1 knockdown on proliferation, collagen deposition, and inflammation in HG-treated HRMCs. CONCLUSION MAGI1 contributes to injury caused by DN. Furthermore, miR-205-5p binds to MAGI1 and suppresses MAGI1 function. These findings suggest that miR-205-5p-mediates MAGI1 inhibition, which represents a potential treatment for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Xiang
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Sun
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wu
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Nephropathy Rheumatology Department, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Taraz T, Asri N, Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad E, Forouzesh F, Rezaei‐Tavirani M, Rostami‐Nejad M. Intestinal mRNA expression analysis of polarity-related genes identified the discriminatory ability of CRB3 as a diagnostic marker for celiac disease. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1186. [PMID: 38353316 PMCID: PMC10865414 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It is well established that the integrity of epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD. These junctional complexes contribute to the apical-basal polarity of the intestinal epithelial cells, which is crucial for their proper functioning. METHODS Sixty CD subjects, and 50 controls were enrolled in the current study. Mucosal samples were obtained from the distal duodenum, total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA was synthesized. The relative expression levels of the desired genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction based on ΔΔCt method. The gene-gene interaction network was also constructed using GeneMANIA. RESULTS CRB3 (p = .0005), LKB1 (p < .0001), and SCRIB (p = .0005) had lower expression in CD patients compared to controls, while PRKCZ expression did not differ between groups (p > .05). CRB3 represented a significant diagnostic value for differentiating CD patients from the control group (p = .02). CONCLUSION The aim of the current study was to evaluate the changes in the mRNA expression levels of SCRIB, PRKCZ, LKB1, and CRB3 genes in the small intestinal biopsy samples of CD patients in comparison to the healthy control subjects. Our data uncover the importance of polarity-related genes (especially CRB3) in CD pahtomechanism, that may facilitate the planning of the future studies looking for finding innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tannaz Taraz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini‐Mojarad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei‐Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical SciencesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rostami‐Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Martínez Velasco S, González García A, Irastorza Terradillos IX, Bilbao Catalá JR. Intestinal permeability assessment using lactulose and mannitol in celiac disease. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 179:39-50. [PMID: 37625878 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in intestinal permeability can lead to increased uptake of luminal antigens, which has been linked to several intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome, but also to extra-intestinal diseases. Promising therapies that target intestinal permeability could be developed, for instance tight junction modulators. Consequently, permeability assays are increasingly being used as treatment endpoints in clinical studies. Therefore, reliable, reproducible, and feasible methods for measuring intestinal permeability in the clinical setting are necessary. Currently, a variety of in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro tests are available, some of which are only applicable to basic research. Despite the various options available to measure gut permeability, their use in clinical setting is still limited because of their heterogeneity. Here, we describe a clinical method to measure intestinal permeability using two non-metabolizable sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martínez Velasco
- Department of Pediatrics Donostia University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Azucena González García
- Phytotron and Ion Cromatography Technician, General Research Service (SGIker), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - Iñaki Xarles Irastorza Terradillos
- Department of Pediatrics Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
| | - José Ramón Bilbao Catalá
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, Leioa, Biscay, Spain
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Barone MV, Auricchio R, Nanayakkara M, Greco L, Troncone R, Auricchio S. Pivotal Role of Inflammation in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137177. [PMID: 35806180 PMCID: PMC9266393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered in genetically susceptible individuals by gluten-containing cereals. A central role in the pathogenesis of CD is played by the HLA-restricted gliadin-specific intestinal T cell response generated in a pro-inflammatory environment. The mechanisms that generate this pro-inflammatory environment in CD is now starting to be addressed. In vitro study on CD cells and organoids, shows that constant low-grade inflammation is present also in the absence of gluten. In vivo studies on a population at risk, show before the onset of the disease and before the introduction of gluten in the diet, cellular and metabolic alterations in the absence of a T cell-mediated response. Gluten exacerbates these constitutive alterations in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation, may have a main role in CD, adding this disease tout court to the big family of chronic inflammatory diseases. Nutrients can have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects, also mediated by intestinal microbiota. The intestine function as a crossroad for the control of inflammation both locally and at distance. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent literature on the main role of inflammation in the natural history of CD, supported by cellular fragility with increased sensitivity to gluten and other pro-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (M.N.); (L.G.); (R.T.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (M.N.); (L.G.); (R.T.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (M.N.); (L.G.); (R.T.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (M.N.); (L.G.); (R.T.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.A.); (M.N.); (L.G.); (R.T.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease (ELFID), University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Ning H, Zhang T, Zhou X, Liu L, Shang C, Qi R, Ma T. PART1 destabilized by NOVA2 regulates blood-brain barrier permeability in endothelial cells via STAU1-mediated mRNA degradation. Gene X 2022; 815:146164. [PMID: 34990795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier dysfunction is recognized as a precursor of Alzheimer's disease development. Endothelial cells as structural basis of blood-brain barrier were observed tight junction failure in amyloid-β(1-42)-stimulated environment. In this study, we found NOVA2, PPP2R3A were down-regulated while PART1, p-NFκB-p65 were up-regulated in amyloid-β(1-42)-incubated endothelial cells. Knockdown of either NOVA2 or PPP2R3A and overexpression of PART1 all increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Lower blood-brain barrier permeability was observed in overexpression of NOVA2 and PPP2R3A and knockdown of PART1 and NFκB-p65. Same tendencies were found in the tight junction-related proteins expressions. Furthermore, overexpression and knockdown of NOVA2 and PART1 had no effect on cell viability. Mechanistically, NOVA2 overexpression was confirmed to reduce half-life of PART1. PART1 could destabilize PPP2R3A messenger RNA (mRNA) by interacting with STAU1. In addition, p-NFκB-p65 functioning as transcription factor reduced the expression of tight junction-related proteins, which was prompted by low protein level of PPP2R3A. Our study highlights the crucial role of NOVA2/PART1/PPP2R3A/p-NFκB-p65 pathway in amyloid-β(1-42)-incubated endothelial cells to modulating blood-brain barrier permeability through STAU1-mediated messenger RNA degradation, implying a potential mechanism of lncRNA and protein interaction in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ning
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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10
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Najarro KM, Boe DM, Walrath TM, Mullen JE, Paul MT, Frankel JH, Hulsebus HJ, Idrovo JP, McMahan RH, Kovacs EJ. Advanced age exacerbates intestinal epithelial permeability after burn injury in mice. Exp Gerontol 2022; 158:111654. [PMID: 34915110 PMCID: PMC9188353 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced age is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality after burn injury. Following burn, the intestines can become permeable leading to the leakage of bacteria and their products from the lumen of the ileum to the portal and systemic circulation. Here, we sought to determine the effects of advanced age on intestinal permeability post burn injury and assess intestinal inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS Young (4-5 months) and aged (18-22 months) female BALB/cBy mice were subjected to a 12-15% total body surface area (TBSA) sham or burn injury. 24 h after injury, mice were euthanized, and organs collected. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted from plated mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Gene expression of ileal tight junctional proteins, occludin and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), in addition to ileal damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, as well as ileal inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by qPCR. Intestinal cell death was measured by ELISA. Intestinal permeability was determined by FITC fluorescence in serum; 4kD FITC-dextran was given by oral gavage 3 h before euthanasia. RESULTS Aged mice subjected to burn injury had increased intestinal permeability as evidenced by a 5.8-fold higher level of FITC-dextran in their serum when compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, aged burn-injured mice exhibited heightened bacterial accumulation in the MLN with a 15.5-fold increase over all other groups (p < 0.05). Histology of ileum failed to show differences in villus length among all groups. Analysis of ileal tight junctional proteins and inflammatory marker gene expression revealed no difference in Ocln, Tjp1, Il6, or Tnf expression among all groups, but 2.3 and 2.9-fold upregulation of S100a8 and S100a9, respectively, in aged burn-injured mice relative to both young groups and aged sham-injured mice (p < 0.05). Lastly, cell death in the ileum was elevated more than two-fold in aged burn-injured mice relative to young animals regardless of injury (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that advanced age exacerbates intestinal epithelial permeability after burn injury. Heightened apoptosis may be responsible for the elevated intestinal leakiness and accumulation of bacteria in mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, S100a8/9 may serve as a biomarker of elevated inflammation within the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Najarro
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Devin M. Boe
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Travis M. Walrath
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Juliet E. Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Madison T. Paul
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - John H. Frankel
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Holly J. Hulsebus
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Juan-Pablo Idrovo
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Rachel H. McMahan
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States of America,GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America,Corresponding author at: Department of Surgery, GITES, University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Ave, RC2, Mail Stop #8620, Aurora, CO 80045, United States of America. (E.J. Kovacs)
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11
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MAGI1, a Scaffold Protein with Tumor Suppressive and Vascular Functions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061494. [PMID: 34198584 PMCID: PMC8231924 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGI1 is a cytoplasmic scaffolding protein initially identified as a component of cell-to-cell contacts stabilizing cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Clinical-pathological and experimental evidence indicates that MAGI1 expression is decreased in some inflammatory diseases, and also in several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal, cervical, breast, brain, and gastric cancers and appears to act as a tumor suppressor, modulating the activity of oncogenic pathways such as the PI3K/AKT and the Wnt/β-catenin pathways. Genomic mutations and other mechanisms such as mechanical stress or inflammation have been described to regulate MAGI1 expression. Intriguingly, in breast and colorectal cancers, MAGI1 expression is induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), suggesting a role in mediating the tumor suppressive activity of NSAIDs. More recently, MAGI1 was found to localize at mature focal adhesion and to regulate integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling in endothelial cells. Here, we review MAGI1′s role as scaffolding protein, recent developments in the understanding of MAGI1 function as tumor suppressor gene, its role in endothelial cells and its implication in cancer and vascular biology. We also discuss outstanding questions about its regulation and potential translational implications in oncology.
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12
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Discepolo V, Lania G, Ten Eikelder MLG, Nanayakkara M, Sepe L, Tufano R, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Auricchio R, Paolella G, Barone MV. Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients Show Alterations of Dendritic Cell Shape and Actin Rearrangement. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052708. [PMID: 33800150 PMCID: PMC7962447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent intestinal inflammatory disease occurring in genetically susceptible individuals upon gluten ingestion. Recent studies point to a role in CD for genes involved in cell shape, adhesion and actin rearrangements, including a Rho family regulator, Rho GTPase-activating protein 31 (ARHGAP31). In this study, we investigated the morphology and actin cytoskeletons of peripheral monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) from children with CD and controls when in contact with a physiological substrate, fibronectin. DCs were generated from peripheral blood monocytes of pediatric CD patients and controls. After adhesion on fibronectin, DCs showed a higher number of protrusions and a more elongated shape in CD patients compared with controls, as assessed by immunofluorescence actin staining, transmitted light staining and video time-lapse microscopy. These alterations did not depend on active intestinal inflammation associated with gluten consumption and were specific to CD, since they were not found in subjects affected by other intestinal inflammatory conditions. The elongated morphology was not a result of differences in DC activation or maturation status, and did not depend on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 haplotype. Notably, we found that ARH-GAP31 mRNA levels were decreased while RhoA-GTP activity was increased in CD DCs, pointing to an impairment of the Rho pathway in CD cells. Accordingly, Rho inhibition was able to prevent the cytoskeleton rearrangements leading to the elongated morphology of celiac DCs upon adhesion on fibronectin, confirming the role of this pathway in the observed phenotype. In conclusion, adhesion on fibronectin discriminated CD from the controls' DCs, revealing a gluten-independent CD-specific cellular phenotype related to DC shape and regulated by RhoA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Discepolo
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuliana Lania
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Merlin Nanayakkara
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Leandra Sepe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Rossella Tufano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.S.); (R.T.)
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Renata Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Giovanni Paolella
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, and ELFID, University Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (G.L.); (M.N.); (R.T.); (S.A.); (R.A.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wolf J, Willscher E, Loeffler-Wirth H, Schmidt M, Flemming G, Zurek M, Uhlig HH, Händel N, Binder H. Deciphering the Transcriptomic Heterogeneity of Duodenal Coeliac Disease Biopsies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052551. [PMID: 33806322 PMCID: PMC7961974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease with variable presentation and progression triggered by gluten intake. Molecular or genetic factors contribute to disease heterogeneity, but the reasons for different outcomes are poorly understood. Transcriptome studies of tissue biopsies from CD patients are scarce. Here, we present a high-resolution analysis of the transcriptomes extracted from duodenal biopsies of 24 children and adolescents with active CD and 21 individuals without CD but with intestinal afflictions as controls. The transcriptomes of CD patients divide into three groups-a mixed group presenting the control cases, and CD-low and CD-high groups referring to lower and higher levels of CD severity. Persistence of symptoms was weakly associated with subgroup, but the highest marsh stages were present in subgroup CD-high, together with the highest cell cycle rates as an indicator of virtually complete villous atrophy. Considerable variation in inflammation-level between subgroups was further deciphered into immune cell types using cell type de-convolution. Self-organizing maps portrayal was applied to provide high-resolution landscapes of the CD-transcriptome. We find asymmetric patterns of miRNA and long non-coding RNA and discuss the effect of epigenetic regulation. Expression of genes involved in interferon gamma signaling represent suitable markers to distinguish CD from non-CD cases. Multiple pathways overlay in CD biopsies in different ways, giving rise to heterogeneous transcriptional patterns, which potentially provide information about etiology and the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine at Hospital “St. Georg” Leipzig, 04129 Leipzig, Germany;
- Immuno Deficiency Centre Leipzig (IDCL) at Hospital St. Georg Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (E.W.); (H.L.-W.); (M.S.)
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (E.W.); (H.L.-W.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Schmidt
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (E.W.); (H.L.-W.); (M.S.)
| | - Gunter Flemming
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Marlen Zurek
- Children’s Hospital of the Clinical Centre “Sankt Georg”, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (M.Z.); (N.H.)
| | - Holm H. Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Experimental Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK;
| | - Norman Händel
- Children’s Hospital of the Clinical Centre “Sankt Georg”, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (M.Z.); (N.H.)
| | - Hans Binder
- IZBI, Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (E.W.); (H.L.-W.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Garman L, Pezant N, Pastori A, Savoy KA, Li C, Levin AM, Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Adrianto I, Montgomery CG. Genome-Wide Association Study of Ocular Sarcoidosis Confirms HLA Associations and Implicates Barrier Function and Autoimmunity in African Americans. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:244-249. [PMID: 32141793 PMCID: PMC7483204 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1705985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Identify genes associated with ocular sarcoidosis (OS).Methods: We genotyped 1.1 million genetic variants to identify significant OS associations, defined as those that achieved p < 5 × 10-8 in a genome-wide comparison of OS cases to healthy controls in our European- or African-American cohorts (EA, AA). Potential functional roles of all associated variants were assessed.Results: Eight significant non-HLA variants were found in AA OS cases compared to healthy controls and confirmed as at least suggestive when comparing OS to non-OS cases. Seven of these were within MAGI1 and include transcription factor binding sites and expression quantitative trait loci. Our EA cohort, while showing similar effect sizes at variants within MAGI1, had no significant variants. Association analysis of HLA-DRB1 alleles confirmed association to OS in EA to *04:01.Conclusion: Our results support organ-specific genetic risk in OS in a compelling candidate, MAGI1, known to be associated with barrier function and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Garman
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nathan Pezant
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ambra Pastori
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Savoy
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chuang Li
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael C. Iannuzzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Hospital, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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15
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He J, Xue Y, Wang Q, Zhou X, Liu L, Zhang T, Shang C, Ma J, Ma T. Long non-coding RNA MIAT regulates blood tumor barrier permeability by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:936. [PMID: 33127881 PMCID: PMC7603350 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood-tumor barrier (BTB) presents a major obstacle to brain drug delivery. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance BTB permeability for the treatment of glioma. In this study, we demonstrated that MIAT, ZAK, and phosphorylated NFκB-p65 (p-NFκB-p65) were upregulated, while miR-140-3p was downregulated in glioma-exposed endothelial cells (GECs) of BTB compared with those in endothelial cells cocultured with astrocytes (ECs) of blood-brain barrier (BBB). MIAT inhibited miR-140-3p expression, increased the expression of ZAK, enhanced the ratio of p-NFκB-p65:NFκB-p65, and promoted the endothelial leakage of BTB. Our current study revealed that miR-140-3p was complementary to the ZAK 3'untranslated regions (3'-UTR), and luciferase activity of ZAK was inhibited by miR-140-3p in 293T cells. MiR-140-3p silencing resulted in an increase in BTB permeability by targeting ZAK, while overexpression of miR-140-3p had the opposite results in GECs of BTB. Overexpression of ZAK induced an increase in BTB permeability, and this effect was related to ZAK's ability to mediate phosphorylation of NFκB-p65. Conversely, ZAK silencing get opposite results in GECs of BTB. As a molecular sponge of miR-140-3p, MIAT attenuated its negative regulation of the target gene ZAK by adsorbing miR-140-3p. P-NFκB-p65 as a transcription factor negatively regulated the expression of TJ-associated proteins by means of chip assay and luciferase assay. Single or combined application of MIAT and miR-140-3p effectively promoted antitumor drug doxorubicin (Dox) across BTB to induce apoptosis of glioma cells. In summary, MIAT functioned as a miR-140-3p sponge to regulate the expression of its target gene ZAK, which contribution to phosphorylation of NFκB-p65 was associated with an increase in BTB permeability by down-regulating the expression of TJ associated proteins, thereby promoting Dox delivery across BTB. These results might provide a novel strategy and target for chemotherapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan He
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chao Shang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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16
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Rashid F, Ahmad S, Irudayaraj JMK. Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Epigenetic and Tight Junction Genes of the Mouse Intestine. TOXICS 2020; 8:toxics8030064. [PMID: 32872178 PMCID: PMC7560341 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been implicated in various toxicities including neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, epigenetic toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. However, information on the accumulation of PFOA in the intestine and its toxic effects on intestinal epigenetics and tight junction (TJ) genes is sparse. CD1 mice were dosed with PFOA (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, and its accumulation and induced alterations in the expression of epigenetic and tight junction genes in the small intestine and colon were evaluated using LC-MS and qPCR techniques. PFOA reduced the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b) primarily in the small intestine whereas, in the colon, a decrease was observed only at high concentrations. Moreover, ten-eleven translocation genes (Tet2 and Tet3) expression was dysregulated in the small intestine, whereas in the colon Tets remained unaffected. The tight junction genes Claudins (Cldn), Occludin (Ocln), and Tight Junction Protein (Tjp) were also heavily altered in the small intestine. TJs responded differently across the gut, in proportion to PFOA dosing. Our study reveals that PFOA triggers DNA methylation changes and alters the expression of genes essential for maintaining the physical barrier of intestine, with more profound effects in the small intestine compared to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Rashid
- Biomedical Research Center in Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Biomedical Research Center in Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Maria Kumar Irudayaraj
- Biomedical Research Center in Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (F.R.); (S.A.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-404-0499
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17
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Jin Y, Blikslager AT. The Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier by Myosin Light Chain Kinase/Rho Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103550. [PMID: 32443411 PMCID: PMC7278945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial apical junctional complex, which includes tight and adherens junctions, contributes to the intestinal barrier function via their role in regulating paracellular permeability. Myosin light chain II (MLC-2), has been shown to be a critical regulatory protein in altering paracellular permeability during gastrointestinal disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that phosphorylation of MLC-2 is a biochemical marker for perijunctional actomyosin ring contraction, which increases paracellular permeability by regulating the apical junctional complex. The phosphorylation of MLC-2 is dominantly regulated by myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) mediated pathways. In this review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of MLCK- and ROCK-mediated pathways in the regulation of the intestinal barrier during normal homeostasis and digestive diseases. Additionally, we will also suggest potential therapeutic targeting of MLCK- and ROCK-associated pathways in gastrointestinal disorders that compromise the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggeon Jin
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Anthony T. Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Correspondence:
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18
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MiR-361-5p inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in retinoblastoma by negatively regulating CLDN8. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1303-1311. [PMID: 31161266 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MiR-361-5p has been reported to act as tumor suppressor in several types of cancers. Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common ocular tumor in childhood. The current study aimed to investigate the expression pattern and biological function of miR-361-5p in RB. METHODS Quantitative real time was utilized to determine and compare the expression of miR-361-5p in RB cells and normal retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19. CCK-8 and Edu assay were performed to assess cell proliferation. Cell apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry assay. Bioinformatics databases and luciferase reporter assay were applied to predict and confirm the target gene of miR-361-5p in RB cells. RESULTS Here, we found miR-361-5p was significantly downregulated in RB cells compared with normal retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19. MiR-361-5p overexpression significantly inhibited or silencing promoted cell proliferation in Y79 and SO-RB50 cells, respectively. Flow cytometry assay showed a significantly decreased cell apoptosis in miR-361-5p silencing Y79 cells and increased cell apoptosis in miR-361-5p overexpressing SO-RB50 cells. Moreover, miR-361-5p directly bound to the 3' untranslated region of claudin 8 (CLDN8) and inhibited the expression of CLDN8. Furthermore, we found knockdown of CLDN8 photocopied the effect of miR-361-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis in RB cells. CONCLUSION These results indicated that overexpression of miR-361-5p might act as a suppressor in RB by targeting CLDN8 to inhibit the cellular function.
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19
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Cielo D, Galatola M, Fernandez-Jimenez N, De Leo L, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Loganes C, Tommasini A, Not T, Auricchio R, Greco L, Bilbao JR. Combined Analysis of Methylation and Gene Expression Profiles in Separate Compartments of Small Bowel Mucosa Identified Celiac Disease Patients' Signatures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10020. [PMID: 31292504 PMCID: PMC6620355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
By GWAS studies on celiac disease, gene expression was studied at the level of the whole intestinal mucosa, composed by two different compartments: epithelium and lamina propria. Our aim is to analyse the gene-expression and DNA methylation of candidate genes in each of these compartments. Epithelium was separated from lamina propria in biopsies of CeD patients and CTRs using magnetic beads. Gene-expression was analysed by RT-PC; methylation analysis required bisulfite conversion and NGS. Reverse modulation of gene-expression and methylation in the same cellular compartment was observed for the IL21 and SH2B3 genes in CeD patients relative to CTRs. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted the regulatory elements in the genomic region of SH2B3 that altered methylation levels. The cREL and TNFAIP3 genes showed methylation patterns that were significantly different between CeD patients and CTRs. In CeD, the genes linked to inflammatory processes are up-regulated, whereas the genes involved in the cell adhesion/integrity of the intestinal barrier are down-regulated. These findings suggest a correlation between gene-expression and methylation profile for the IL21 and SH2B3 genes. We identified a “gene-expression phenotype” of CeD and showed that the abnormal response to dietary antigens in CeD might be related not to abnormalities of gene structure but to the regulation of molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cielo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - M Galatola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy. .,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - N Fernandez-Jimenez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - L De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - K Garcia-Etxebarria
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
| | - C Loganes
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - A Tommasini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - T Not
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - R Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - L Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - J R Bilbao
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), BioCruces Health Research Institute, Leioa, Spain
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20
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Leonard MM, Bai Y, Serena G, Nickerson KP, Camhi S, Sturgeon C, Yan S, Fiorentino MR, Katz A, Nath B, Richter J, Sleeman M, Gurer C, Fasano A. RNA sequencing of intestinal mucosa reveals novel pathways functionally linked to celiac disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215132. [PMID: 30998704 PMCID: PMC6472737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The early steps in the pathophysiology of celiac disease (CD) leading to loss of tolerance to gluten are poorly described. Our aim was to use RNA sequencing of duodenal biopsies in patients with active CD, CD in remission, and non-CD controls to gain insight into CD pathophysiology, identify additional genetic signatures linked to CD, and possibly uncover targets for future therapeutic agents. METHODS We performed whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing of intestinal biopsies in subjects with active and remission CD and non-CD controls. We also performed functional pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes to identify statistically significant pathways that are up or down regulated in subjects with active CD compared to remission CD. RESULTS We identified the upregulation of novel genes including IL12R, ITGAM and IGSF4 involved in the immune response machinery and cell adhesion process in the mucosa of subjects with active CD compared to those in remission. We identified a unique signature of genes, related to innate immunity, perturbed exclusively in CD irrespective of disease status. Finally, we highlight novel pathways of interest that may contribute to the early steps of CD pathogenesis and its comorbidities such as the spliceosome, pathways related to the innate immune response, and pathways related to autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed previous findings based on GWAS and immunological studies pertinent to CD pathogenesis and describes novel genes and pathways that with further validation may be found to contribute to the early steps in the pathogenesis of CD, ongoing inflammation, and comorbidities associated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M. Leonard
- Mass General Hospital for Children and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Gloria Serena
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kourtney P. Nickerson
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Camhi
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Craig Sturgeon
- Graduate Program in Life Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shu Yan
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria R. Fiorentino
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aubrey Katz
- Mass General Hospital for Children and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Nath
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James Richter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew Sleeman
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Cagan Gurer
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mass General Hospital for Children and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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Ciccocioppo R, Panelli S, Conti Bellocchi MC, Cangemi GC, Frulloni L, Capelli E, Corazza GR. The Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Immune Cells in a Celiac Family Unveils Further Insights Into Disease Pathogenesis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:182. [PMID: 29971234 PMCID: PMC6018082 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD), the most common chronic enteropathy worldwide, is triggered and sustained by a dysregulated immune response to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Up to date either the role of environmental factors and the pathways leading to mucosal damage have been only partially unraveled. Therefore, we seized the unique opportunity to study a naturally-occurring experimental model of a family composed of both parents suffering from CD (one on a gluten-free diet) and two non-celiac daughters. The control group consisted in four unrelated cases, two celiac and two non-celiac subjects, all matching with family members for both disease status and genetic susceptibility. In this privileged setting, we sought to investigate gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a population known to mirror the immune response state within the gut. To this purpose, PBMCs were obtained from the four biopsied-proven CD patients and the four non-celiac cases. Each group included two family members and two unrelated control subjects. After RNA purification and cDNA synthesis, each sample underwent a microarray screen on a whole-transcriptome scale, and the hybridization results were visualized by hierarchical clustering. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were partitioned into clusters displaying comparable regulations among samples. These clusters were subjected to both functional and pathway analysis by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Interestingly, on a global gene expression level, the family members clustered together, regardless of their disease status. A relevant fraction of DEG belonged to a limited number of pathways, and could be differentiated based on disease status: active CD vs. treated CD and CD vs. controls. These pathways were mainly involved in immune function regulation, cell-cell junctions, protein targeting and degradation, exosome trafficking, and signal transduction. Worth of noting, a small group of genes mapping on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome, and previously linked to cardiovascular risk, was found to be strongly upregulated in the active CD case belonging to the family, who suddenly died of a heart attack. Our results provide novel information on CD pathogenesis and may be useful in identifying new therapeutic tools and risk factors associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center "Invernizzi", University of Milano Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Conti Bellocchi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina C Cangemi
- Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Frulloni
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, University of Verona Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Capelli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino R Corazza
- Clinica Medica I, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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22
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Romero-Garmendia I, Garcia-Etxebarria K, Hernandez-Vargas H, Santin I, Jauregi-Miguel A, Plaza-Izurieta L, Cros MP, Legarda M, Irastorza I, Herceg Z, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Bilbao JR. Transcription Factor Binding Site Enrichment Analysis in Co-Expression Modules in Celiac Disease. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E245. [PMID: 29748492 PMCID: PMC5977185 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct celiac co-expression patterns at a whole genome level and to identify transcription factors (TFs) that could drive the gliadin-related changes in coordination of gene expression observed in celiac disease (CD). Differential co-expression modules were identified in the acute and chronic responses to gliadin using expression data from a previous microarray study in duodenal biopsies. Transcription factor binding site (TFBS) and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation enrichment analyses were performed in differentially co-expressed genes (DCGs) and selection of candidate regulators was performed. Expression of candidates was measured in clinical samples and the activation of the TFs was further characterized in C2BBe1 cells upon gliadin challenge. Enrichment analyses of the DCGs identified 10 TFs and five were selected for further investigation. Expression changes related to active CD were detected in four TFs, as well as in several of their in silico predicted targets. The activation of TFs was further characterized in C2BBe1 cells upon gliadin challenge, and an increase in nuclear translocation of CAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (CREB1) and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) in response to gliadin was observed. Using transcriptome-wide co-expression analyses we are able to propose novel genes involved in CD pathogenesis that respond upon gliadin stimulation, also in non-celiac models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irati Romero-Garmendia
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Koldo Garcia-Etxebarria
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Izortze Santin
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Leticia Plaza-Izurieta
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Maria Legarda
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country-(UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Iñaki Irastorza
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country-(UPV/EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Jose Ramon Bilbao
- University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU) and Biocruces Health Research Institute, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Balfe A, Lennon G, Lavelle A, Docherty NG, Coffey JC, Sheahan K, Winter DC, O'Connell PR. Isolation and gene expression profiling of intestinal epithelial cells: crypt isolation by calcium chelation from in vivo samples. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2018; 11:29-37. [PMID: 29391821 PMCID: PMC5769583 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s145224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The epithelial layer within the colon represents a physical barrier between the luminal contents and its underlying mucosa. It plays a pivotal role in mucosal homeostasis, and both tolerance and anti-pathogenic immune responses. Identifying signals of inflammation initiation and responses to stimuli from within the epithelial layer is critical to understanding the molecular pathways underlying disease pathology. This study validated a method to isolate and analyze epithelial populations, enabling investigations of epithelial function and response in a variety of disease setting. Materials and methods Epithelial cells were isolated from whole mucosal biopsies harvested from healthy controls and patients with active ulcerative colitis by calcium chelation. The purity of isolated cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression profiles of a panel of epithelial functional genes were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in isolated epithelial cells and corresponding mucosal biopsies. The expression profiles of isolated cells and corresponding mucosal biopsies were evaluated and compared between healthy and inflamed colonic tissue. Results Flow cytometry identified 97% of cells isolated as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Comparisons of gene expression profiles between the mucosal biopsies and isolated IECs demonstrated clear differences in the gene expression signatures. Sixty percent of the examined genes showed contrasting trends of expression between sample types. Conclusion The calcium chelation isolation method provided a reliable method for the isolation of a pure population of cells with preservation of epithelial cell-specific gene expression. This demonstrates the importance of sample choice when investigating functions directly affecting the colonic epithelial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aine Balfe
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin
| | - Grainne Lennon
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin
| | - Neil G Docherty
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin
| | - J Calvin Coffey
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University Hospital Limerick, 4i Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick
| | - Kieran Sheahan
- Histopathology Department, St. Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond C Winter
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin
| | - P Ronan O'Connell
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin.,Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital Dublin, Dublin
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24
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Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Predisposed Children: The Role of Gene Expression Profile. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 65:314-320. [PMID: 28827480 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased significantly in recent years, and risk prediction and early diagnosis have become imperative especially in at-risk families. In a previous study, we identified individuals with CD based on the expression profile of a set of candidate genes in peripheral blood monocytes. Here we evaluated the expression of a panel of CD candidate genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from at-risk infants long time before any symptom or production of antibodies. METHODS We analyzed the gene expression of a set of 9 candidate genes, associated with CD, in 22 human leukocyte antigen predisposed children from at-risk families for CD, studied from birth to 6 years of age. Nine of them developed CD (patients) and 13 did not (controls). We analyzed gene expression at 3 different time points (age matched in the 2 groups): 4-19 months before diagnosis, at the time of CD diagnosis, and after at least 1 year of a gluten-free diet. At similar age points, controls were also evaluated. RESULTS Three genes (KIAA, TAGAP [T-cell Activation GTPase Activating Protein], and SH2B3 [SH2B Adaptor Protein 3]) were overexpressed in patients, compared with controls, at least 9 months before CD diagnosis. At a stepwise discriminant analysis, 4 genes (RGS1 [Regulator of G-protein signaling 1], TAGAP, TNFSF14 [Tumor Necrosis Factor (Ligand) Superfamily member 14], and SH2B3) differentiate patients from controls before serum antibodies production and clinical symptoms. Multivariate equation correctly classified CD from non-CD children in 95.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The expression of a small set of candidate genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells can predict CD at least 9 months before the appearance of any clinical and serological signs of the disease.
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25
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Crosstalk between Inflammation and ROCK/MLCK Signaling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Disorders with Intestinal Hyperpermeability. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7374197. [PMID: 27746814 PMCID: PMC5056309 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7374197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier function of the intestine is essential for maintaining the normal homeostasis of the gut and mucosal immune system. Abnormalities in intestinal barrier function expressed by increased intestinal permeability have long been observed in various gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), celiac disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Imbalance of metabolizing junction proteins and mucosal inflammation contributes to intestinal hyperpermeability. Emerging studies exploring in vitro and in vivo model system demonstrate that Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase- (ROCK-) and myosin light chain kinase- (MLCK-) mediated pathways are involved in the regulation of intestinal permeability. With this perspective, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of inflammation and ROCK-/MLCK-mediated pathways leading to intestinal hyperpermeability in gastrointestinal disorders. In the near future, it may be possible to specifically target these specific pathways to develop novel therapies for gastrointestinal disorders associated with increased gut permeability.
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26
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Different Gene Expression Signatures in Children and Adults with Celiac Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146276. [PMID: 26859134 PMCID: PMC4747499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is developed after gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. It can appear at any time in life, but some differences are commonly observed between individuals with onset early in life or in adulthood. We aimed to investigate the molecular basis underlying those differences. We collected 19 duodenal biopsies of children and adults with CD and compared the expression of 38 selected genes between each other and with the observed in 13 non-CD controls matched by age. A Bayesian methodology was used to analyze the differences of gene expression between groups. We found seven genes with a similarly altered expression in children and adults with CD when compared to controls (C2orf74, CCR6, FASLG, JAK2, IL23A, TAGAP and UBE2L3). Differences were observed in 13 genes: six genes being altered only in adults (IL1RL1, CD28, STAT3, TMEM187, VAMP3 and ZFP36L1) and two only in children (TNFSF18 and ICOSLG); and four genes showing a significantly higher alteration in adults (CCR4, IL6, IL18RAP and PLEK) and one in children (C1orf106). This is the first extensive study comparing gene expression in children and adults with CD. Differences in the expression level of several genes were found between groups, being notorious the higher alteration observed in adults. Further research is needed to evaluate the possible genetic influence underlying these changes and the specific functional consequences of the reported differences.
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27
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Barilli A, Rotoli BM, Visigalli R, Ingoglia F, Cirlini M, Prandi B, Dall'Asta V. Gliadin-mediated production of polyamines by RAW264.7 macrophages modulates intestinal epithelial permeability in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1779-86. [PMID: 26047680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy sustained by dietary gluten in susceptible individuals, and characterized by a complex interplay between adaptive and innate responses against gluten peptides (PTG). In a recent contribution we have demonstrated that the treatment with PTG induces the expression and activity of arginase in both murine macrophages and human monocytes from healthy subjects, thus suggesting a role for arginine and its metabolites in gluten-triggered response of these cells. Here we further explore this field, by addressing the effects of PTG on polyamine synthesis and release in murine RAW264.7 macrophages, and how they affect epithelial permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. Results obtained show a massive production and release of putrescine by macrophages upon incubation with gluten peptides; this, in turn, causes a decrease in TEER in epithelial cells, indicating that PTG-driven secretion of polyamines by macrophages has a role in the modulation of intestinal permeability in vitro. At a molecular level, putrescine production appears referable to the activation of C/EBPβ transcription factor, which is known to be responsible for arginase induction in activated macrophages and is a crucial mediator of inflammation. Whether these pathways are stimulated also in vivo deserves to be further investigated, as well as their role in gluten-driven cellular and intestinal defects typical of CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Barilli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, SBiBiT, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, SBiBiT, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Rossana Visigalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, SBiBiT, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Filippo Ingoglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, SBiBiT, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 49/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Dall'Asta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali, SBiBiT, Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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28
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Alonso A, Domènech E, Julià A, Panés J, García-Sánchez V, Mateu PN, Gutiérrez A, Gomollón F, Mendoza JL, Garcia-Planella E, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Muñoz F, Vera M, Saro C, Esteve M, Andreu M, Chaparro M, Manyé J, Cabré E, López-Lasanta M, Tortosa R, Gelpí JL, García-Montero AC, Bertranpetit J, Absher D, Myers RM, Marsal S, Gisbert JP. Identification of risk loci for Crohn's disease phenotypes using a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:794-805. [PMID: 25557950 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease is a highly heterogeneous inflammatory bowel disease comprising multiple clinical phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated a large number of loci with disease risk but have not associated any specific genetic variants with clinical phenotypes. We performed a GWAS of clinical phenotypes in Crohn's disease. METHODS We genotyped 576,818 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a well-characterized cohort of 1090 Crohn's disease patients of European ancestry. We assessed their association with 17 phenotypes of Crohn's disease (based on disease location, disease behavior, disease course, age at onset, and extraintestinal manifestations). A total of 57 markers with strong associations to Crohn's disease phenotypes (P < 2 × 10(-4)) were subsequently analyzed in an independent replication cohort of 1296 patients of European ancestry. RESULTS We replicated the association of 4 loci with different Crohn's disease phenotypes. Variants in MAGI1, CLCA2, 2q24.1, and LY75 loci were associated with a complicated stricturing disease course (Pcombined = 2.01 × 10(-8)), disease location (Pcombined = 1.3 × 10(-6)), mild disease course (Pcombined = 5.94 × 10(-7)), and erythema nodosum (Pcombined = 2.27 × 10(-6)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a GWAS, we associated 4 loci with clinical phenotypes of Crohn's disease. These findings indicate a genetic basis for the clinical heterogeneity observed for this inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnald Alonso
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automática i Informàtica Industrial, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valle García-Sánchez
- Digestive System Service, Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos Mateu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Gomollón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Digestive System Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de León, León, Spain
| | - Maribel Vera
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Andreu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Institute of Research Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María López-Lasanta
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Tortosa
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Gelpí
- Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Gottlieb K, Dawson J, Hussain F, Murray JA. Development of drugs for celiac disease: review of endpoints for Phase 2 and 3 trials. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2015; 3:91-102. [PMID: 25725041 PMCID: PMC4423465 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a lifelong disorder for which there is currently only one known, effective treatment: a gluten-free diet. New treatment approaches have recently emerged; several drugs are in Phase 2 trials and results appear promising; however, discussion around regulatory endpoints is in its infancy. We will briefly discuss the drugs that are under development and then shift our attention to potential trial endpoints, such as patient-reported outcomes, histology, serology, gene expression analysis and other tests. We will outline the differing requirements for proof-of-concept Phase 2 trials and Phase 3 registration trials, with a particular emphasis on current thinking in regulatory agencies. We conclude our paper with recommendations and a glossary of regulatory terms, to enable readers who are less familiar with regulatory language to take maximum advantage of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gottlieb
- Immunology and Internal Medicine - Medical Strategy & Science, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA, Corporate Communications, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jill Dawson
- Immunology and Internal Medicine - Medical Strategy & Science, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA, Corporate Communications, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fez Hussain
- Immunology and Internal Medicine - Medical Strategy & Science, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA, Corporate Communications, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph A Murray
- Immunology and Internal Medicine - Medical Strategy & Science, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA, Corporate Communications, Quintiles, Durham, NC, USA and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Lerner A, Matthias T. Changes in intestinal tight junction permeability associated with industrial food additives explain the rising incidence of autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:479-89. [PMID: 25676324 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing along with the expansion of industrial food processing and food additive consumption. The intestinal epithelial barrier, with its intercellular tight junction, controls the equilibrium between tolerance and immunity to non-self-antigens. As a result, particular attention is being placed on the role of tight junction dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. Tight junction leakage is enhanced by many luminal components, commonly used industrial food additives being some of them. Glucose, salt, emulsifiers, organic solvents, gluten, microbial transglutaminase, and nanoparticles are extensively and increasingly used by the food industry, claim the manufacturers, to improve the qualities of food. However, all of the aforementioned additives increase intestinal permeability by breaching the integrity of tight junction paracellular transfer. In fact, tight junction dysfunction is common in multiple autoimmune diseases and the central part played by the tight junction in autoimmune diseases pathogenesis is extensively described. It is hypothesized that commonly used industrial food additives abrogate human epithelial barrier function, thus, increasing intestinal permeability through the opened tight junction, resulting in entry of foreign immunogenic antigens and activation of the autoimmune cascade. Future research on food additives exposure-intestinal permeability-autoimmunity interplay will enhance our knowledge of the common mechanisms associated with autoimmune progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Carmel Medical Center, B, Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel institute of Technology, Michal St, No. 7, Haifa 34362, Israel.
| | - Torsten Matthias
- Aesku.Kipp Institute, Mikroforum Ring 2, Wendelsheim 55234, Germany.
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31
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Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Alonso-Cotoner C, Pigrau M, Lobo B, Vicario M, Santos J. Role of Corticotropin-releasing Factor in Gastrointestinal Permeability. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:33-50. [PMID: 25537677 PMCID: PMC4288093 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interface between the intestinal lumen and the mucosa is the location where the majority of ingested immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the vast gastrointestinal immune system. Upon regular physiological conditions, the intestinal micro-flora and the epithelial barrier are well prepared to process daily a huge amount of food-derived antigens and non-immunogenic particles. Similarly, they are ready to prevent environmental toxins and microbial antigens to penetrate further and interact with the mucosal-associated immune system. These functions promote the development of proper immune responses and oral tolerance and prevent disease and inflammation. Brain-gut axis structures participate in the processing and execution of response signals to external and internal stimuli. The brain-gut axis integrates local and distant regulatory networks and super-systems that serve key housekeeping physiological functions including the balanced functioning of the intestinal barrier. Disturbance of the brain-gut axis may induce intestinal barrier dysfunction, increasing the risk of uncontrolled immunological reactions, which may indeed trigger transient mucosal inflammation and gut disease. There is a large body of evidence indicating that stress, through the brain-gut axis, may cause intestinal barrier dysfunction, mainly via the systemic and peripheral release of corticotropin-releasing factor. In this review, we describe the role of stress and corticotropin-releasing factor in the regulation of gastrointestinal permeability, and discuss the link to both health and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Research Institute; and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Research Institute; and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Pigrau
- Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Research Institute; and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Research Institute; and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Vicario
- Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Research Institute; and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology Group, Digestive Diseases Research Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d' Hebron Research Institute; and Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Gliadin peptides as triggers of the proliferative and stress/innate immune response of the celiac small intestinal mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2014. [PMID: 25387079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120518.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. The major mediator of the stress and innate immune response to gliadin peptides (i.e., peptide 31-43, P31-43) is the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). The role of epithelial growth factor (EGF) as a mediator of enterocyte proliferation and the innate immune response has been described. In this paper, we review the most recent literature on the mechanisms responsible for triggering the up-regulation of these mediators in CD by gliadin peptides. We will discuss the role of P31-43 in enterocyte proliferation, structural changes and the innate immune response in CD mucosa in cooperation with EGF and IL-15, and the mechanism of up-regulation of these mediators related to vesicular trafficking. We will also review the literature that focuses on constitutive alterations of the structure, signalling/proliferation and stress/innate immunity pathways of CD cells. Finally, we will discuss how these pathways can be triggered by gliadin peptide P31-43 in controls, mimicking the celiac cellular phenotype.
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33
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Barone MV, Troncone R, Auricchio S. Gliadin peptides as triggers of the proliferative and stress/innate immune response of the celiac small intestinal mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20518-37. [PMID: 25387079 PMCID: PMC4264181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. The major mediator of the stress and innate immune response to gliadin peptides (i.e., peptide 31–43, P31–43) is the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). The role of epithelial growth factor (EGF) as a mediator of enterocyte proliferation and the innate immune response has been described. In this paper, we review the most recent literature on the mechanisms responsible for triggering the up-regulation of these mediators in CD by gliadin peptides. We will discuss the role of P31–43 in enterocyte proliferation, structural changes and the innate immune response in CD mucosa in cooperation with EGF and IL-15, and the mechanism of up-regulation of these mediators related to vesicular trafficking. We will also review the literature that focuses on constitutive alterations of the structure, signalling/proliferation and stress/innate immunity pathways of CD cells. Finally, we will discuss how these pathways can be triggered by gliadin peptide P31–43 in controls, mimicking the celiac cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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