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Fleming SA, Reyes SM, Donovan SM, Hernell O, Jiang R, Lönnerdal B, Neu J, Steinman L, Sørensen ES, West CE, Kleinman R, Wallingford JC. An expert panel on the adequacy of safety data and physiological roles of dietary bovine osteopontin in infancy. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1404303. [PMID: 38919388 PMCID: PMC11197938 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1404303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk, due to its unique composition, is the optimal standard for infant nutrition. Osteopontin (OPN) is abundant in human milk but not bovine milk. The addition of bovine milk osteopontin (bmOPN) to formula may replicate OPN's concentration and function in human milk. To address safety concerns, we convened an expert panel to assess the adequacy of safety data and physiological roles of dietary bmOPN in infancy. The exposure of breastfed infants to human milk OPN (hmOPN) has been well-characterized and decreases markedly over the first 6 months of lactation. Dietary bmOPN is resistant to gastric and intestinal digestion, absorbed and cleared from circulation within 8-24 h, and represents a small portion (<5%) of total plasma OPN. Label studies on hmOPN suggest that after 3 h, intact or digested OPN is absorbed into carcass (62%), small intestine (23%), stomach (5%), and small intestinal perfusate (4%), with <2% each found in the cecum, liver, brain, heart, and spleen. Although the results are heterogenous with respect to bmOPN's physiologic impact, no adverse impacts have been reported across growth, gastrointestinal, immune, or brain-related outcomes. Recombinant bovine and human forms demonstrate similar absorption in plasma as bmOPN, as well as effects on cognition and immunity. The panel recommended prioritization of trials measuring a comprehensive set of clinically relevant outcomes on immunity and cognition to confirm the safety of bmOPN over that of further research on its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. This review offers expert consensus on the adequacy of data available to assess the safety of bmOPN for use in infant formula, aiding evidence-based decisions on the formulation of infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Beckman Center for Molecular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Esben S. Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina E. West
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ronald Kleinman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Holgersen K, Muk T, Ghisari M, Arora P, Kvistgaard AS, Nielsen SDH, Sangild PT, Bering SB. Neonatal Gut and Immune Responses to β-Casein Enriched Formula in Piglets. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00239-6. [PMID: 38703891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-casein is the main casein constituent in human milk (HM) and a source of bioactive peptides for the developing gastrointestinal tract and immune system. Infant formulas contain less β-casein than HM, but whether different concentrations of β-casein affect tolerability and gut and immune maturation in newborns is unknown. OBJECTIVES Using near-term piglets as a model for newborn infants, we investigated whether increasing the β-casein fraction in bovine-based formula is clinically safe and may improve gut and immune maturation. METHODS Three groups of near-term pigs (96% gestation) were fed formula with bovine casein and whey protein (ratio 40:60): 1) standard skim milk casein (BCN-standard, 35% β-casein of total casein, n = 18); 2) β-casein enrichment to HM concentrations (BCN-medium, 65%, n = 19); and 3) high β-casein enrichment (BCN-high, 91%, n = 19). A reference group was fed 100% whey protein concentrate (WPC) as protein (WPC, n = 18). Intestinal and immune parameters were assessed before and after euthanasia on day 5. RESULTS Clinical variables (mortality, activity, body growth, and diarrhea) were similar among the groups, and no differences in intestinal or biochemical parameters were observed between BCN-standard and BCN-medium pigs. However, pigs receiving high amounts of β-casein (BCN-high) had lower small intestine weight and tended to have more intestinal complications (highest gut pathology score, permeability, and interleukin-8) than the other groups, particularly those receiving no casein (WPC pigs). Blood lymphocyte, thrombocyte, and reticulocyte counts were increased with higher β-casein, whereas eosinophil counts were reduced. In vitro blood immune cell responses were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS β-casein enrichment of bovine-based formula to HM concentrations is clinically safe, as judged from newborn, near-term pigs, whereas no additional benefits to gut maturation were observed. However, excessive β-casein supplementation, beyond concentrations in HM, may potentially induce gut inflammation together with increased blood cell populations relative to natural β-casein concentrations or pure whey-based formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Holgersen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tik Muk
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Pankaj Arora
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Drud-Heydary Nielsen
- Arla Food Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark; Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Brandt Bering
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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McClanahan KG, Reese J, Weitkamp JH, Olivares-Villagómez D. Effects of pasteurization on osteopontin concentrations in human breastmilk. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:641-646. [PMID: 37833533 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is an important breastmilk protein involved in infant intestinal, immunological, and brain development. However, little is known about how common milk pasteurization and storage techniques affect this important bioactive protein. METHODS Human milk osteopontin concentration was measured in single-donor fresh (n = 1) or frozen (n = 20) breastmilk, pooled Holder-pasteurized donor breastmilk (n = 11), and a shelf-stable (retort pasteurized) breastmilk product (n = 2) by ELISA. Single-donor breastmilk samples were subjected to pasteurization and/or freezing before measuring osteopontin concentrations. RESULTS Holder pasteurization of breastmilk resulted in an ∼50% decrease in osteopontin concentration within single-donor samples. Breastmilk from mothers of preterm infants trended toward higher osteopontin concentration than mothers of term infants; however, samples from preterm mothers experienced greater osteopontin degradation upon pasteurization. A commercial breastmilk product that underwent retort pasteurization had lower osteopontin concentration than a Holder-pasteurized pooled breastmilk product. Finally, freezing breastmilk prior to Holder pasteurization resulted in less osteopontin degradation than Holder pasteurization prior to freezing. CONCLUSIONS Commonly used breastmilk pasteurization and storage techniques, including freezing and Holder pasteurization, decrease the concentration of the bioactive protein osteopontin in human breastmilk. Holder pasteurization reduced osteopontin concentration by an average of 63%, while freezing resulted in an 8-12% decrease. IMPACT Pasteurization of human breastmilk significantly decreases the concentration of the bioactive protein osteopontin. Use of both pasteurization and freezing techniques for breastmilk preservation results in greater loss of osteopontin. This study presents for the first time an analysis of osteopontin concentrations in single-donor pasteurized milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G McClanahan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeff Reese
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Li L, Chen J, Zheng Y, Lane J, Hu R, Zhu J, Fu X, Huang Q, Liu F, Zhang B. Gastro-Intestinal Digested Bovine Milk Osteopontin Modulates Gut Barrier Biomarkers In Vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200777. [PMID: 38193251 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein naturally present in mammals' milk, associated with immune homeostasis and intestinal maturation. This study aims to investigate the protein digestion pattern and the cellular bioactivity of bovine milk OPN digesta in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS A modified INFOGEST static in vitro infant digestion protocol and a Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture cell model are employed to evaluate the digestion properties and the anti-inflammatory effects of OPN. OPN is resistant to gastric hydrolysis but degraded into large peptides during intestinal digestion. Its 10 kDa digesta permeate with predicted extensive bioactivities protects the co-culture cell model from the inflammation-induced dysfunction by dose-dependently recovering the expression of occludin, claudin-3, and ZO-1. Low dosage of OPN significantly decreases the production of IL-8 and IL-6, and downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of MyD88, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α, whereas a high dose evokes a mild pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory effect of OPN digesta is stronger than lactoferrin and whey protein concentrate counterparts. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that the bioactive peptides released from in vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion of bovine milk OPN alleviates intestinal epithelial cell inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and potentiates the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Juchun Chen
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Yuxing Zheng
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Jonathan Lane
- H&H Group, H&H Research, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 K202 Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruibiao Hu
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Feitong Liu
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510555, China
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Li C, Lu Y, Wang J, Liu B, Szeto IMY, Zhang W, Bi R, Duan S, Quan R, Wang X, Li Y, Xiong W, Sun J, Sun Y. Immunoregulation of bovine lactoferrin together with osteopontin promotes immune system development and maturation. Food Funct 2024; 15:866-880. [PMID: 38165790 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The immune system of infants is partly weak and immature, and supplementation of infant formula can be of vital importance to boost the development of the immune system. Lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN) are essential proteins in human milk with immunoregulation function. An increasing number of studies indicate that proteins have interactions with each other in milk, and our previous study found that a ratio of LF : OPN at 1 : 5 (w/w, denoted as LOP) had a synergistic effect on intestinal barrier protection. It remains unknown whether LOP can also exert a stronger effect on immunoregulation. Hence, we used an in vitro model of LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and in vivo models of LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and early life development. We showed that LOP increased the secretion of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (132%), stem cell factor (167%) and interleukin-3 (176%) in bone marrow cells, as well as thymosin (155%) and interleukin-10 (161%) in the thymus, more than LF or OPN alone during development, and inhibited changes in immune cells and cytokines during the LPS challenge. In addition, analysis of the components of digested proteins in vitro revealed that differentially expressed peptides may provide immunoregulation. Lastly, LOP increased the abundance of Rikenellaceae, Muribaculum, Faecalibaculum, and Elisenbergiella in the cecum content. These results imply that LOP is a potential immunomodifier for infants and offers a new theoretical basis for infant formula innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Quan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
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Han L, Li Q, Du M, Mao X. Bovine milk osteopontin improved intestinal health of pregnant rats fed a high-fat diet through improving bile acid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:24-39. [PMID: 37690710 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of bovine milk osteopontin (bmOPN) on the gut dysfunction of pregnant rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Bovine milk osteopontin was supplemented at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight. Bovine milk osteopontin supplementation during pregnancy reduced colonic inflammation of HFD dams, and it also increased the colonic expression of ZO-1 and claudin-4 of HFD dams. Bovine milk osteopontin significantly enriched the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, whereas it decreased Proteobacteria, Helicobacteraceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae in feces of HFD dams. The levels of isobutyric acid and pentanoic acid in the HFD + bmOPN group were higher than that of the HFD group. Functional predication analysis of microbial genomes revealed that bmOPN supplementation to HFD pregnancies changed 4 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways including bile acid biosynthesis. Further, bmOPN enriched hepatic taurochenodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid plus taurohyodeoxycholic acid in the gut of HFD maternal rats. Our findings suggested that bmOPN improved the gut health of HFD pregnant rats partially through modulating bile acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Li A, Liu C, Han X, Zheng J, Zhang G, Qi X, Du P, Liu L. Tibetan Plateau yak milk: A comprehensive review of nutritional values, health benefits, and processing technology. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100919. [PMID: 38144800 PMCID: PMC10739763 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yak milk is a characteristic animal product of yaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Although yak milk production is low, it is richer in nutrients such as protein, fat, and lactose, a more comprehensive range of bioactive components, and unique microbial resources than Holstein cow milk. The plateau environment makes yak milk resistant to hypoxia, anti-fatigue, antioxidant, antibacterial, and relieves chronic diseases. In this paper, based on the systematic analysis of yak milk research results in the past 20 years using CiteSpace 6.1.R2, we reviewed yak lactation performance and nutritional efficacy of yak milk. This paper summarizes the improvement of traditional yak dairy processing technology, and also focuses on the microbial diversity of yak milk sources and their beneficial effects. The purpose of this review is to provide scientific support for the development of a quality yak milk industry on the Tibetan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueting Han
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Du
- Heilongjiang Green Food Science Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Sun J, Akıllıoğlu HG, Zhong J, Muk T, Pan X, Lund MN, Sangild PT, Nguyen DN, Bering SB. Ultra-High Temperature Treatment of Liquid Infant Formula, Systemic Immunity, and Kidney Development in Preterm Neonates. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300318. [PMID: 37888862 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Ready-to-feed liquid infant formulas (IFs) are increasingly being used for newborn preterm infants when human milk is unavailable. However, sterilization of liquid IFs by ultra-high temperature (UHT) introduces Maillard reaction products (MRPs) that may negatively affect systemic immune and kidney development. METHODS AND RESULTS UHT-treated IF without and with prolonged storage (SUHT) are tested against pasteurized IF (PAST) in newborn preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants. After 5 days, blood leukocytes, markers of systemic immunity and inflammation, kidney structure and function are evaluated. No consistent differences between UHT and PAST pigs are observed. However, SUHT increases plasma TNFα and IL-6 and reduces neutrophils and in vitro response to LPS. In SUHT pigs, the immature kidneys show minor upregulation of gene expressions related to inflammation (RAGE, MPO, MMP9) and oxidative stress (CAT, GLO1), together with glomerular mesangial expansion and cell injury. The increased inflammatory status in SUHT pigs appears unrelated to systemic levels of MRPs. CONCLUSION SUHT feeding may impair systemic immunity and affect kidney development in preterm newborns. The systemic effects may be induced by local gut inflammatory effects of MRPs. Optimal processing and length of storage are critical for UHT-treated liquid IFs for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jingren Zhong
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tik Muk
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Nissen Lund
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Duc Ninh Nguyen
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Brandt Bering
- Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bakshi S, Paswan VK, Yadav SP, Bhinchhar BK, Kharkwal S, Rose H, Kanetkar P, Kumar V, Al-Zamani ZAS, Bunkar DS. A comprehensive review on infant formula: nutritional and functional constituents, recent trends in processing and its impact on infants' gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1194679. [PMID: 37415910 PMCID: PMC10320619 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1194679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is considered the most valuable form of nutrition for infants for their growth, development and function. So far, there are still some cases where feeding human milk is not feasible. As a result, the market for infant formula is widely increasing, and formula feeding become an alternative or substitute for breastfeeding. The nutritional value of the formula can be improved by adding functional bioactive compounds like probiotics, prebiotics, human milk oligosaccharides, vitamins, minerals, taurine, inositol, osteopontin, lactoferrin, gangliosides, carnitine etc. For processing of infant formula, diverse thermal and non-thermal technologies have been employed. Infant formula can be either in powdered form, which requires reconstitution with water or in ready-to-feed liquid form, among which powder form is readily available, shelf-stable and vastly marketed. Infants' gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem and the nutrient composition of infant formula is recognized to have a lasting effect on it. Likewise, the gut microbiota establishment closely parallels with host immune development and growth. Therefore, it must be contemplated as an important factor for consideration while developing formulas. In this review, we have focused on the formulation and manufacturing of safe and nutritious infant formula equivalent to human milk or aligning with the infant's needs and its ultimate impact on infants' gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Bakshi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Paswan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Satya Prakash Yadav
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Basant Kumar Bhinchhar
- Department of Livestock Production Management, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, India
| | - Sheela Kharkwal
- Department of Agriculture Economics, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, India
| | - Hency Rose
- Division of Dairy Technology, ICAR—National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Prajasattak Kanetkar
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Zakarya Ali Saleh Al-Zamani
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Durga Shankar Bunkar
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sørensen ES, Christensen B. Milk Osteopontin and Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112423. [PMID: 37299387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein found in all vertebrates. OPN is expressed in many different cell types, and is consequently found in most tissues and physiological secretions. OPN is involved in a multitude of biological processes, such as activation and regulation of the immune system; biomineralization; tissue-transformative processes, including growth and development of the gut and brain; interaction with bacteria; and many more. OPN is found in the highest concentrations in milk, where it is believed to initiate and regulate developmental, immunological and physiological processes in infants who consume milk. Processes for the isolation of bovine OPN for use in infant formula have been developed, and in recent years, many studies have investigated the effects of the intake of milk OPN. The purpose of this article is to review and compare existing knowledge about the structure and function of milk OPN, with a particular focus on the effects of milk OPN on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Takahashi T, Ueno HM, Yamaide F, Nakano T, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Mitsuishi C, Shimojo N. Comparison of 30 Cytokines in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2013 in Japan. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071735. [PMID: 37049575 PMCID: PMC10096822 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk cytokines play a vital role in mucosal immunity during infancy by supporting immune development and functions. Although the maternal background characteristics influence milk cytokines, changes in cytokine levels across generations remain unclear. Colostrum (C, n = 48) and mature milk (MM, n = 49) samples were collected from lactating Japanese women in 1989 (2727 samples) and 2013 (1408 samples). Milk cytokines were comprehensively measured using a suspension array and immunosorbent assays. The positive rates and cytokine concentrations were compared between the two generations using logistic and multiple regression analyses. Twenty-eight cytokines tested positive in all sample groups (1989-C, 1989-MM, 2013-C, and 2013-MM). The median osteopontin (OPN) level was significantly higher in the 1989-C group than in the 2013-C group (318.1 vs. 137.5 μg/mL; p = 0.0016) but did not differ between the MM groups. The median TGF-β1 level was significantly lower in the 1989-MM group than in the 2013-MM group (1056.2 vs. 1330.8 pg/mL; p = 0.008) but did not differ between the C groups. Most cytokines were comparable between generations, except for potential variation in the C-OPN and TGF-β1 levels. Milk cytokine secretion may reflect temporal changes in maternal background characteristics; however, the results from the analysis of 30-year-old samples may have influenced the milk cytokine levels. Further studies are needed with a larger number of milk samples collected from the same individuals at multiple time points over a wide lactation period, with detailed data on the maternal and infant background characteristics and diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Saitama 350-1165, Japan
| | - Fumiya Yamaide
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Taiji Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing, Tokyo 150-0012, Japan
| | - Chisako Mitsuishi
- Japanese Red Cross Tokyo Katsushika Perinatal Center, Tokyo 125-0051, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Donovan SM, Aghaeepour N, Andres A, Azad MB, Becker M, Carlson SE, Järvinen KM, Lin W, Lönnerdal B, Slupsky CM, Steiber AL, Raiten DJ. Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117 Suppl 1:S61-S86. [PMID: 37173061 PMCID: PMC10356565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains all of the essential nutrients required by the infant within a complex matrix that enhances the bioavailability of many of those nutrients. In addition, human milk is a source of bioactive components, living cells and microbes that facilitate the transition to life outside the womb. Our ability to fully appreciate the importance of this matrix relies on the recognition of short- and long-term health benefits and, as highlighted in previous sections of this supplement, its ecology (i.e., interactions among the lactating parent and breastfed infant as well as within the context of the human milk matrix itself). Designing and interpreting studies to address this complexity depends on the availability of new tools and technologies that account for such complexity. Past efforts have often compared human milk to infant formula, which has provided some insight into the bioactivity of human milk, as a whole, or of individual milk components supplemented with formula. However, this experimental approach cannot capture the contributions of the individual components to the human milk ecology, the interaction between these components within the human milk matrix, or the significance of the matrix itself to enhance human milk bioactivity on outcomes of interest. This paper presents approaches to explore human milk as a biological system and the functional implications of that system and its components. Specifically, we discuss study design and data collection considerations and how emerging analytical technologies, bioinformatics, and systems biology approaches could be applied to advance our understanding of this critical aspect of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Manitoba Interdisciplinary Lactation Centre (MILC), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health and Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center and Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Raiten
- Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Christensen B, Nielsen NR, Sørensen MR, Jacobsen LN, Ostenfeld MS, Sørensen ES. Naturally Occurring N-Terminal Fragments of Bovine Milk Osteopontin Are Transported across Models of the Intestinal Barrier. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030893. [PMID: 36979872 PMCID: PMC10045268 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a bioactive integrin-binding protein found in high concentrations in milk, where it is present both as a full-length protein and as several N-terminally derived fragments. OPN resists gastric digestion, and via interaction with receptors in the gut or by crossing the intestinal barrier into circulation, ingested milk OPN may influence physiological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate OPN interaction with intestinal cells and its transport across models of the intestinal barrier. Immunodetection of OPN incubated with Caco-2 cells at 4 °C and 37 °C showed that OPN binds to the intestinal cells, but it is not internalised. Transepithelial transport was studied using mono- and co-cultures of Caco-2 cells and mucus-producing HT29-MTX cells in transwell membranes. OPN was shown to cross the barrier models in a time-, temperature-, and energy-dependent process inhibited by wortmannin, indicating that the transport takes place via the transcytosis pathway. Analyses of the naturally occurring milk mixture of full-length and N-terminal fragments showed that the N-terminal fragments of OPN bound intestinal cells most effectively and that the fragments were transported across the intestinal membrane models. This suggests that proteolytic processing of OPN increases its biological activity after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.)
| | - Nanna R. Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.)
| | - Marie R. Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.)
| | - Lotte N. Jacobsen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, DK-8260 Viby J, Denmark; (L.N.J.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Marie S. Ostenfeld
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, DK-8260 Viby J, Denmark; (L.N.J.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Esben S. Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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15
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Goulding DA, Bovetto L, O'Regan J, O'Brien NM, O'Mahony JA. Heteroprotein complex coacervation of lactoferrin and osteopontin: Phase behaviour and thermodynamics of formation. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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The Effect of Human and Bovine Milk Osteopontin on Intestinal Caco-2 Cells: A Transcriptome Comparison. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051166. [PMID: 36904165 PMCID: PMC10005736 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein abundantly present in human milk, whereas the concentration is significantly lower in bovine milk. Human and bovine milk OPN are structurally similar and both proteins resist gastric digestion and reach the intestines in a bioactive form. Intervention studies have indicated the beneficial effects of supplementing infant formula with bovine milk OPN and several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that bovine milk OPN positively influences intestinal development. To investigate the functional relationship, we compared the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digested human and bovine milk OPN on gene expression in Caco-2 cells. After incubation, total RNA was extracted and sequenced and transcripts were mapped to the human genome. Human and bovine milk OPN regulated the expression of 239 and 322 genes, respectively. A total of 131 genes were similarly regulated by the OPNs. As a control, a whey protein fraction with a high content of alpha-lactalbumin had a very limited transcriptional impact on the cells. Enrichment data analysis showed that biological processes related to the ubiquitin system, DNA binding, and genes associated with transcription and transcription control pathways were affected by the OPNs. Collectively, this study shows that human and bovine milk OPN have a significant and highly comparable effect on the intestinal transcriptome.
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Urine Metabolomic Profile of Breast- versus Formula-Fed Neonates Using a Synbiotic-Enriched Formula. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810476. [PMID: 36142388 PMCID: PMC9499619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the urine metabolic fingerprint of healthy neonates exclusively breastfed with that of neonates fed with a synbiotic-enriched formula (Rontamil® Complete 1) at four time points (the 3rd and 15th days of life and the 2nd and 3rd months). The determination of urine metabolic fingerprint was performed using NMR metabolomics. Multivariate data analyses were performed with SIMCA-P 15.0 software and R language. Non-distinct profiles for both groups (breastfeeding and synbiotic formula) for the two first time points (3rd and 15th days of life) were detected, whereas after the 2nd month of life, a discrimination trend was observed between the two groups, which was further confirmed at the 3rd month of life. A clear discrimination of the synbiotic formula samples was evident when comparing the metabolites taken in the first days of life (3rd day) with those taken in the 2nd and 3rd months of life. In both cases, OPLS-DA models explained more than 75% of the metabolic variance. Non-distinct metabolomic profiles were obtained between breastfed and synbiotic-formula-fed neonates up to the 15th day of life. Discrimination trends were observed only after the 2nd month of the study, which could be attributed to breastfeeding variations and the consequent dynamic profile of urine metabolites compared to the stable ingredients of the synbiotic formula.
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18
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Zhu J, Yu X, Wang Y, Bai S, Lai J, Tong X, Xing Y. Longitudinal changes of lactopontin (milk osteopontin) in term and preterm human milk. Front Nutr 2022; 9:962802. [PMID: 35967792 PMCID: PMC9372532 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.962802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactopontin (LPN) in breast milk, also known as milk osteopontin is thought to play a myriad of important roles in infants when they are immature. The purpose of the present study was to examine the longitudinal changes in LPN concentrations in term and preterm milk, and elucidate the links between maternal characteristics, LPN levels, and child growth in a birth cohort. Methods 131 mothers who delivered term, moderate-late preterm (MPT), very preterm (VPT), and extremely preterm (EPT) infants were included, milk samples were collected at 7, 14, 28, and 120 days postpartum. LPN concentration was determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results Our results indicated that LPN change over time of VPT (P = 0.024) and EPT (P = 0.003) were significantly different from term milk, although they all gradually decreased with lactation. In terms of LPN-related factors, maternal age was a significant contributor in late mature milk and pre-pregnancy BMI a significant contributor to colostrum and transitional milk. We further investigated relationships between LPN levels and infant weight and our results suggested that high levels of LPN in breast milk might be useful for the catch-up growth of infants. Conclusion LPN levels in breast milk are related to maternal factors, and differences in LPN levels may affect the growth of infants. As milk is a critical part in the mother-breastmilk-infant "triad," the association between maternal-infant factors and milk LPN levels warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Pan X, Bao Y, Wei L, Gao Y. Many kinds of oxidized proteins are present more in the urine of the elderly. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 35733114 PMCID: PMC9214981 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have shown an association between aging and oxidation. To our knowledge, there have been no studies exploring aging-related urine proteome modifications. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in global chemical modifications of urinary protein at different ages. Methods Discovery (n=38) cohort MS data including children, young and old groups were downloaded from three published studies, and this data was analyzed using open-pFind for identifying modifications. Verification cohort human samples (n=28) including young, middle-aged, and old groups, rat samples (n=7) at three-time points after birth, adulthood, and old age were collected and processed in the laboratory simultaneously based on label-free quantification combined with pFind. Results Discovery cohort: there were 28 kinds of differential oxidations in the old group that were higher than those in the young or children group in. Verification cohort: there were 17 kinds of differential oxidations of 49 oxidized proteins in the middle and old groups, which were significantly higher than those in the young group. Both oxidations and oxidized proteins distinguished different age groups well. There were also 15 kinds of differential oxidations in old age higher than others in the rat cohort. The results showed that the validation experiment was basically consistent with the results of the discovery experiment, showing that the level of oxidized proteins in urine increased significantly with age. Conclusions Our study is the first to show that oxidative proteins occur in urine and that oxidations are higher in older than younger ages. Perhaps improving the degree of excretion of oxidative protein in vivo through the kidney is helpful for maintaining the homeostasis of the body’s internal environment, delaying aging and the occurrence of senile diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12014-022-09360-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuanzhen Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yijin Bao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lilong Wei
- Clinical Laboratory, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Abdul Wazed M, Farid M. Denaturation kinetics and storage stability of Osteopontin in reconstituted infant milk formula. Food Chem 2022; 379:132138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Turck D, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Kearney J, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Maradona MP, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Gelbmann W, Knutsen HK. Safety of bovine milk osteopontin as a Novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07137. [PMID: 35572202 PMCID: PMC9074041 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Björmsjö M, Hernell O, Lönnerdal B, Berglund SK. Immunological Effects of Adding Bovine Lactoferrin and Reducing Iron in Infant Formula: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:e65-e72. [PMID: 34908015 PMCID: PMC8860203 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Compared to formula-fed infants, breastfed infants have a lower risk of infections. Two possible reasons for this are the presence of the anti-infective and anti-inflammatory protein lactoferrin and the lower level of iron in breast milk. We explored how adding bovine lactoferrin and reducing the iron concentration in infant formula affect immunology and risk of infections in healthy infants. METHODS In a double-blind controlled trial, term formula-fed (FF) Swedish infants (n = 180) were randomized to receive, from 6 weeks to 6 months of age, a low-iron formula (2 mg/L) with added bovine lactoferrin (1.0 g/L) (Lf+; n = 72); low-iron formula with no added lactoferrin (Lf-; n = 72); and standard formula at 8 mg/L iron and no added lactoferrin (control formula [CF]; n = 36). Cytokines, infections, and infection related treatments were assessed until 12 months of age. RESULTS No adverse effects were observed. There were no apparent effects on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1, TGF-β2, tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α) or interleukin2 (IL-2) at 4, 6, or 12 months, except of higher TGF-β2 at 6 months in the CF group in comparison to the low iron groups combined (P = 0.033). No significant differences in otitis, respiratory infections, gastroenteritis, or other monitored infections and treatments were detected for any of the study feeding groups during the first 6 months and only a few and diverging effects were observed between 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Adding bovine lactoferrin and reducing iron from 8 to 2 mg/L in infant formula was safe. No clinically relevant effects on cytokines or infection related morbidity were observed in this well-nourished and healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Björmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Staffan K. Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Saxena N, Mizels J, Cremer MA, Guarnizo V, Rodriguez DE, Gower LB. Comparison of Synthetic vs. Biogenic Polymeric Process-Directing Agents for Intrafibrillar Mineralization of Collagen. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040775. [PMID: 35215688 PMCID: PMC8879695 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aging population, there is a growing need for mineralized tissue restoration and synthetic bone substitutes. Previous studies have shown that a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process can successfully mineralize collagen substrates to achieve compositions found in native bone and dentin. This process also leads to intrafibrillar apatitic crystals with their [001] axes aligned roughly parallel to the long axis of the collagen fibril, emulating the nanostructural organization found in native bone and dentin. When demineralized bovine bone was remineralized via the PILP process using osteopontin (OPN), the samples were able to activate mouse marrow-derived osteoclasts to similar levels to those of native bone, suggesting a means for fabricating bioactive bone substitutes that could trigger remodeling through the native bone multicellular unit (BMU). In order to determine if OPN derived from bovine milk could be a cost-effective process-directing agent, the mineralization of type I collagen scaffolds using this protein was compared to the benchmark polypeptide of polyaspartic acid (sodium salt; pAsp). In this set of experiments, we found that OPN led to much faster and more uniform mineralization when compared with pAsp, making it a cheaper and commercially attractive alternative for mineralized tissue restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Saxena
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (N.S.); (J.M.); (M.A.C.); (V.G.); (D.E.R.)
- Bio-Therapeutics Drug Product Development, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Joshua Mizels
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (N.S.); (J.M.); (M.A.C.); (V.G.); (D.E.R.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maegan A. Cremer
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (N.S.); (J.M.); (M.A.C.); (V.G.); (D.E.R.)
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vanessa Guarnizo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (N.S.); (J.M.); (M.A.C.); (V.G.); (D.E.R.)
- Quality Engineering, Medtronic ENT, Jacksonville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Douglas E. Rodriguez
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (N.S.); (J.M.); (M.A.C.); (V.G.); (D.E.R.)
- R&D, Novabone Products LLC, Alachua, FL 32611, USA
| | - Laurie B. Gower
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (N.S.); (J.M.); (M.A.C.); (V.G.); (D.E.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Shao Z, Bi S. Endocrine regulation and metabolic mechanisms of osteopontin in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, metastasis and prognosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1100063. [PMID: 36714568 PMCID: PMC9880040 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of malignant bone tumor, occurring in adolescents and patients over 60. It has a bimodal onset and a poor prognosis, and its development has not yet been fully explained. Osteopontin (OPN) is a high protein consisting of 314 amino acid residues with a negative charge and is involved in many biological activities. OPN is not only an essential part of the regulation of the nervous system and endocrine metabolism of skeletal cells. Still, it is also involved in several other important biological activities, such as the division, transformation, and proliferation of skeletal cells and their associated cells, such as bone tumor cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteocytes. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between OPN and the development and progression of many skeletal diseases, such as osteosarcoma and rheumatoid arthritis. This review aims to understand the mechanisms and advances in the role of OPN as a factor in the development, progression, metastasis, and prognosis of osteosarcoma in an attempt to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms by which OPN regulates osteosarcoma progression and in the hope of contributing to the advancement of osteosarcoma research and clinical treatment.
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Wang Y, Ze X, Rui B, Li X, Zeng N, Yuan J, Li W, Yan J, Li M. Studies and Application of Sialylated Milk Components on Regulating Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766606. [PMID: 34859034 PMCID: PMC8631720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is rich in sialic acids (SA), which are commonly combined with milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. As a functional nutrient component, SA-containing milk components have received increasing attention in recent years. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, bringing positive outcomes to intestinal health and immune function. They also exhibit antiviral and bacteriostatic activities in the intestinal mucosa of new-borns, thereby inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to host cells. These properties play a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal microbial ecosystem and preventing the occurrence of neonatal inflammatory diseases. In addition, some recent studies also support the promoting effects of sialylated HMOs on neonatal bone and brain development. In addition to HMOs, sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids are abundant in milk, and are also critical to neonatal health. This article reviews the current research progress in the regulation of sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates on neonatal gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Binqi Rui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinke Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nina Zeng
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Chen X, Yang C, Zeng J, Zhu Z, Zhang L, Lane JA, Wu X, Zuo D. The protective effects of human milk components, 2′-fucosyllactose and osteopontin, against 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Osteopontin Levels in Human Milk Are Related to Maternal Nutrition and Infant Health and Growth. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082670. [PMID: 34444830 PMCID: PMC8402120 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein found in human tissues and body fluids. OPN in breast milk is thought to play a major role in growth and immune system development in early infancy. Here, we investigated maternal factors that may affect concentrations of OPN in breast milk, and the possible associated consequences for the health of neonates. Methods: General characteristics, health status, dietary patterns, and anthropometric measurements of 85 mothers and their babies were recorded antenatally and during postnatal follow-up. Results: The mean concentration of OPN in breast milk was 137.1 ± 56.8 mg/L. Maternal factors including smoking, BMI, birth route, pregnancy weight gain, and energy intake during lactation were associated with OPN levels (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were determined between body weight, length, and head circumference, respectively, and OPN levels after one (r = 0.442, p = < 0.001; r = −0.284, p = < 0.001; r = −0.392, p = < 0.001) and three months (r = 0.501, p = < 0.001; r = −0.450, p = < 0.001; r = −0.498, p = < 0.001) of lactation. A negative relation between fever-related infant hospitalizations from 0–3 months and breast milk OPN levels (r = −0.599, p < 0.001) was identified. Conclusions: OPN concentrations in breast milk differ depending on maternal factors, and these differences can affect the growth and immune system functions of infants. OPN supplementation in infant formula feed may have benefits and should be further investigated.
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Jia Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Yu H, Tong X. A literature review on lactopontin and its roles in early life. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1924-1931. [PMID: 34430441 PMCID: PMC8349962 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to review the functions and possible mechanisms of lactopontin (LPN) in early life. BACKGROUND Human milk proteins provide a variety of protection and health benefits in early life. One of these multifunctional proteins is LPN, which is osteopontin (OPN) derived from milk. METHODS Information used to write this paper was collected from Uniprot, PubMed, and Google Scholar, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS LPN is a highly phosphorylated, O-glycosylated acidic protein and a unique type of OPN, as it presents at the highest concentration and a higher degree of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in human milk than other tissues and excretions. LPN is present in milk and the intestinal tracts of infants after consumption as a mixture of intact protein and peptides, which can bind diverse integrin and receptors in the target cell and drive downstream signaling pathways. LPN is found to play important roles in developing the immune, intestinal and nervous systems in early life. Moreover, LPN has also shown to support preterm infants' health when they are especially vulnerable after delivery via animal studies. Additionally, LPN can form protein complex with another milk bioactive protein, lactoferrin (LF), to withstand proteolysis and perform more efficient biological activity. Therefore, LPN showed great potential for early life while more clinical trials and evidence are still emergying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Nutritional and Functional Assessment, Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Nutritional and Functional Assessment, Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jiang R, Tran M, Lönnerdal B. Recombinant Bovine and Human Osteopontin Generated by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Exhibit Bioactivities Similar to Bovine Milk Osteopontin When Assessed in Mouse Pups Fed Osteopontin-Deficient Milk. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000644. [PMID: 34050612 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Osteopontin (OPN), a highly phosphorylated and glycosylated protein, is present in most body fluids, including milk. OPN appears at a high concentration in human milk (130-180 mg L-1 ), but not bovine milk (≈18 mg mL-1 ). It is previously shown that milk OPN is involved in various biological processes and therefore may be a valuable infant formula additive. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, recombinant bovine OPN (rbOPN) and recombinant human OPN (rhOPN) are generated in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) algal expression system. The rbOPN and rhOPN are phosphorylated but not glycosylated. To assess the bioactivities of rbOPN and rhOPN and compare their bioactivities to those of bovine milk OPN (bmOPN), wild-type (WT) mouse pups nursed by OPN knock-out (KO) dams are orally fed bmOPN, rbOPN, and rhOPN daily from postnatal days 1-21 (P1-21). Effects of these OPNs on development of the brain, intestine, and immune function are evaluated. The results show that rbOPN and rhOPN exhibit effects similar to those of bmOPN as well as mouse milk OPN on stimulating proliferation of the small intestine, increasing brain myelination and cognitive development, and enhancing development of immune function. CONCLUSION rbOPN and rhOPN are likely to provide beneficial bioactivities when added to infant diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Miller Tran
- Triton Algae Innovations, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Chen Y, Qu S, Huang Z, Ren Y, Wang L, Rankin SA. Analysis and comparison of key proteins in Maiwa yak and bovine milk using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8661-8672. [PMID: 34053761 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Yak milk is an essential and predominant food resource for Tibetan people for subsistence purposes and to combat altitude-induced challenges. Due to its unique qualities, yak milk has recently been gaining broader attention from consumers across China as well in other parts of the world. One of the key characteristics of yak milk is the protein content, which is about 40 to 60% higher than that of native bovine milk. In this work, a sensitive and reproducible high-throughput analytical method was developed employing both ultra high-performance liquid chromatography Orbitrap (Thermo Fisher Scientific) high-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-HRAM-MS) and UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole tandem MS (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) to simultaneously analyze 8 milk proteins. A total of 15 Maiwa yak milk samples and 15 bovine milk samples were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using targeted proteomics and compared for α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, αS1-casein, αS2-casein, β-casein, κ-casein, lactoferrin, and osteopontin. Peptides of β-lactoglobulin were used to specifically distinguish yak and bovine milk. The results showed that this novel detection method could quantitatively detect these major and minor milk proteins with >0.99 linear correlation coefficient and a recovery rate between 90 and 120%, with relative standard deviations typically less than 10%. The data revealed that yak milk not only had higher overall milk protein content than bovine milk but higher lactoferrin and osteopontin contents as well. The lactoferrin content of yak milk was about 30% higher than that of bovine milk, and the osteopontin content of yak milk was nearly twice that of bovine milk. The application of this method demonstrates that UHPLC-HRAM-MS and UHPLC-QqQ-MS are suitable for high-throughput qualitative and quantitative analysis of major and minor proteins of yak and bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Qu
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
| | - Z Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Y Ren
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Zhejiang Analysis and Test Center, Jiaxing 314006, Zhejiang, China
| | - L Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - S A Rankin
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
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Jorgensen JM, Young R, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Davis JCC, Goonatilleke E, Kumwenda C, Lebrilla CB, Maleta K, Sadalaki J, Totten SM, Wu LD, Zivkovic AM, Dewey KG. Associations of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Bioactive Proteins with Infant Morbidity and Inflammation in Malawian Mother-Infant Dyads. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab072. [PMID: 34084993 PMCID: PMC8163417 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive proteins likely benefit infant health, but information on these relations is sparse. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins with incidence and longitudinal prevalence of infant morbidity (any illness, fever, diarrhea, acute respiratory infection, and loss of appetite) and markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP)]. These are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial. METHODS Breast milk samples at 6 mo postpartum (n = 659) were analyzed to quantify absolute abundance of HMOs, relative abundance of fucosylated HMOs, sialylated HMOs, and 51 individual HMOs, and concentrations of 6 bioactive proteins (lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, antitrypsin, IgA, and osteopontin). We examined associations of these constituents with infant morbidity from 6 to 7 and 6 to 12 mo, and CRP and AGP at 6 and 18 mo, considering maternal secretor status [presence or absence of the functional enzyme encoded by the fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2) ] and adjusting for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS In secretors there were positive associations between total HMOs and longitudinal prevalence of fever (P = 0.032), between fucosylated HMOs and incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.026), and between lactoferrin and elevated CRP at 18 mo (P = 0.011). In nonsecretors, there were inverse associations between lactoferrin and incidence of fever (P = 0.007), between osteopontin and longitudinal prevalence of lost appetite (P = 0.038), and between fucosylated HMOs and incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.025), lost appetite (P = 0.019), and concentrations of AGP and CRP at 6 mo (P = 0.001 and 0.010); and positive associations between total HMOs and incidence of lost appetite (P = 0.024) and elevated CRP at 18 mo (P = 0.026), between lactalbumin and incidence of diarrhea (P = 0.006), and between lactoferrin and elevated CRP at 18 mo (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Certain HMOs and bioactive proteins were associated with infant morbidity and inflammation, particularly in nonsecretors. Further research is needed to elucidate the causality of these relations.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Jorgensen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Jasmine C C Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Chiza Kumwenda
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - John Sadalaki
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Sarah M Totten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren D Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Longitudinal Changes in the Concentration of Major Human Milk Proteins in the First Six Months of Lactation and Their Effects on Infant Growth. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051476. [PMID: 33925556 PMCID: PMC8147063 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge related to human milk proteins is still limited. The present study determined the changes in multiple human milk proteins during the first six months of lactation, investigated the influencing factors of milk proteins, and explored the impact of milk proteins on infant growth. A total of 105 lactating women and their full-term infants from China were prospectively surveyed in this research. Milk samples were collected at 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. Concentrations of total protein and α-lactalbumin were measured in all milk samples, and concentrations of lactoferrin, osteopontin, total casein, β-casein, αs−1 casein, and κ-casein were measured in milk from 51 individuals using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentration of measured proteins in the milk decreased during the first six months of postpartum (p-trend < 0.001). Maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal education, and income impacted the longitudinal changes in milk proteins (p-interaction < 0.05). Concentrations of αs−1 casein in milk were inversely associated with the weight-for-age Z-scores of the infants (1 m: r −0.29, p 0.038; 6 m: r −0.33, p 0.020). In conclusion, the concentration of proteins in milk decreased over the first six months postpartum, potentially influenced by maternal demographic and delivery factors. Milk protein composition may influence infant weights.
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Radlowski EC, Wang M, Monaco MH, Comstock SS, Donovan SM. Combination-Feeding Causes Differences in Aspects of Systemic and Mucosal Immune Cell Phenotypes and Functions Compared to Exclusive Sow-Rearing or Formula-Feeding in Piglets. Nutrients 2021; 13:1097. [PMID: 33801785 PMCID: PMC8065485 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination feeding (human milk and formula) is common and influences immune development compared to exclusive breastfeeding. Infant formulas contain prebiotics, which influence immune development. Herein, immune development of combination-fed (CF), sow-reared (SR) and formula-fed (FF) piglets, and the effect of prebiotics was tested. Piglets (n = 47) were randomized to: SR, FF, CF, FF+prebiotic (FP), and CF+prebiotic (CP). FP and CP received formula with galactooligosaccharides and inulin (4 g/L in a 4:1 ratio). CF and CP piglets were sow-reared for until d5 and then rotated between a sow and formula every 12 h. On day 21, piglets received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide 2 h prior to necropsy. Immune cells from blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), and spleen were phenotyped. Classical (nitric oxide synthase) and alternative (arginase activity) activation pathways were measured in isolated macrophages. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. SR piglets had lower (p < 0.0001) CD4+ T-helper cells and higher (p < 0.0001) B-cells in PBMC than all other groups. CP piglets had higher (p < 0.0001) arginase activity compared to all other groups. FF piglets had higher (p < 0.05) IL-6 compared to both CF and SR, but were similar to FP and CP. Thus, CF, with or without prebiotics, differentially affected immunity compared to exclusively fed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Radlowski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA;
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.W.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Marcia H. Monaco
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.W.); (M.H.M.)
| | - Sarah S. Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (M.W.); (M.H.M.)
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Sánchez C, Franco L, Regal P, Lamas A, Cepeda A, Fente C. Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy. Nutrients 2021; 13:1026. [PMID: 33810073 PMCID: PMC8005182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is an unbeatable food that covers all the nutritional requirements of an infant in its different stages of growth up to six months after birth. In addition, breastfeeding benefits both maternal and child health. Increasing knowledge has been acquired regarding the composition of breast milk. Epidemiological studies and epigenetics allow us to understand the possible lifelong effects of breastfeeding. In this review we have compiled some of the components with clear functional activity that are present in human milk and the processes through which they promote infant development and maturation as well as modulate immunity. Milk fat globule membrane, proteins, oligosaccharides, growth factors, milk exosomes, or microorganisms are functional components to use in infant formulas, any other food products, nutritional supplements, nutraceuticals, or even for the development of new clinical therapies. The clinical evaluation of these compounds and their commercial exploitation are limited by the difficulty of isolating and producing them on an adequate scale. In this work we focus on the compounds produced using milk components from other species such as bovine, transgenic cattle capable of expressing components of human breast milk or microbial culture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez
- Pharmacy Faculty, San Pablo-CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luis Franco
- Medicine Faculty, Santiago de Compostela University, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Patricia Regal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.R.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.R.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.R.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Fente
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (P.R.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
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35
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Quitadamo PA, Comegna L, Cristalli P. Anti-Infective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Breast Milk Factors for the Protection of Infants in the Pandemic From COVID-19. Front Public Health 2021; 8:589736. [PMID: 33738273 PMCID: PMC7960784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic since the end of 2019 spreads worldwide, counting millions of victims. The viral invasion, systemic inflammation, and consequent organ failure are the gravest features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they are associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of breast milk in the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing its antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects due to its bioactive components, so numerous and important for the protection of infants. The study tried to demonstrate that all the components of human milk are capable of performing functions on all the pathogenic events recognized and described in COVID-19 disease. Those human milk factors are well-tolerated and practically free of side effects, so breast milk should become a research topic to discover therapies even in this epidemic. In the first part, the mechanisms of protection and defense of the breast milk elements will be delineated; in the second section, it will describe the human milk effects in viral infections and it will be hypothesized how the known mechanisms could act in COVID infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqua Anna Quitadamo
- NICU “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Foundation, Scientific Research and Care Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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36
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Factors influencing milk osteopontin concentration based on measurements from Danish Holstein cows. J DAIRY RES 2021; 88:89-94. [PMID: 33622420 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029921000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the content of the bioactive protein osteopontin (OPN) in bovine milk and identify factors influencing its concentration. OPN is expressed in many tissues and body fluids, with by far the highest concentrations in milk. OPN plays a role in immunological and developmental processes and it has been associated with several milk production traits and lactation persistency in cows. In the present study, we report the development of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of OPN in bovine milk. The method was used to determine the concentration of OPN in milk from 661 individual Danish Holstein cows. The median OPN level was determined to 21.9 mg/l with a pronounced level of individual variation ranging from 0.4 mg/l to 67.8 mg/l. Breeding for increased OPN in cow's milk is of significant interest, however, the heritability of OPN in milk was found to be relatively low, with an estimated value of 0.19 in the current dataset. The variation explained by the herd was also found to be low suggesting that OPN levels are not affected by farm management or feeding. Interestingly, the concentration of OPN was found to increase with days in milk and to decrease with parity.
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37
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Bu T, Zheng J, Liu L, Li S, Wu J. Milk proteins and their derived peptides on bone health: Biological functions, mechanisms, and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2234-2262. [PMID: 33522110 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic organ under constant metabolism (or remodeling), where a delicate balance between bone resorption and bone formation is maintained. Disruption of this coordinated bone remodeling results in bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Epidemiological and clinical evidence support that consumption of dairy products is beneficial for bone health; this benefit is often attributed to the presence of calcium, the physiological contributions of milk proteins on bone metabolism, however, are underestimated. Emerging evidence highlighted that not only milk proteins (including individual milk proteins) but also their derived peptides positively regulate bone remodeling and attenuate bone loss, via the regulation of cellular markers and signaling of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This article aims to review current knowledge about the roles of milk proteins, with an emphasis on individual milk proteins, bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins, and effect of milk processing in particular fermentation, on bone metabolism, to highlight the potential uses of milk proteins in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, and, to discuss the knowledge gap and to recommend future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiexia Zheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wu
- ZJU-UA Joint Lab for Molecular Nutrition and Bioactive Peptides, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Ag/For Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Wang X, Yu Z, Zhao X, Han R, Huang D, Yang Y, Cheng G. Comparative proteomic characterization of bovine milk containing β-casein variants A1A1 and A2A2, and their heterozygote A1A2. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:718-725. [PMID: 32710442 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants of β-casein are cosnidered to affect the components of milk. However, limited data are available on the bovine protein components correlated with β-casein variants at the proteome level. In the present study, cows producing milk containing β-casein variants (A1A1 and A2A2) and their heterozygote (A1A2) were identified using a high-resolution melting method, and milk samples were collected and tested. Comparative analyses of casein micelles, whey and milk fat globule membrane fractions in each milk variant were performed using a label-free proteomics approach. RESULTS The results obtained showed that ceruloplasmin and cathelicidin-2 were the most abundant proteins in milk containing variant A1A1; lactoferrin and CD5 molecule-like were the most abundant proteins in milk containing variant A2A2; and selenoprotein P and osteopontin were the most abundant proteins in milk containing heterozygote A1A2. Differences in protein components in milk containing the different β-casein variants were visualized using hierarchical clustering, and profiles were separated using principal components analysis. The differentially expressed proteins in milk containing A1A1, A2A2 or A1A2 were predominantly involved in response to stress and defense response according to their Gene Ontology annotations. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into differentially expressed milk proteins corresponding to the presence of different β-casein variants. This knowledge will help determine their potential biological functions in dairy products and the effects on human health. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongna Yu
- Haidu College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Laiyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Rongwei Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongwei Huang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yongxin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guanglong Cheng
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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39
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Jorgensen JM, Young R, Ashorn P, Ashorn U, Chaima D, Davis JCC, Goonatilleke E, Kumwenda C, Lebrilla CB, Maleta K, Prado EL, Sadalaki J, Totten SM, Wu LD, Zivkovic AM, Dewey KG. Associations of human milk oligosaccharides and bioactive proteins with infant growth and development among Malawian mother-infant dyads. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:209-220. [PMID: 33096556 PMCID: PMC7779225 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and bioactive breast milk proteins have many beneficial properties. Information is sparse regarding associations between these milk constituents and infant growth and development in lower-income countries. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine associations of milk content of HMOs and bioactive proteins at 6 mo postpartum with infant growth and motor and cognitive development. These are secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial in rural Malawi. METHODS Breast milk samples were analyzed at 6 mo (n = 659) for general categories of HMOs (total HMOs, fucosylated HMOs, and sialylated HMOs), 51 individual HMOs, and 6 bioactive proteins (lactalbumin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, antitrypsin, IgA, and osteopontin). We examined associations of the relative abundances of HMOs and concentrations of bioactive proteins with infant growth from 6 to 12 mo [change in length-for-age (ΔLAZ), weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and head circumference z-scores] as well as ability to stand or walk alone at 12 mo, and motor and language skills, socioemotional development, executive function, and working memory at 18 mo. Analyses were adjusted for covariates and multiple hypothesis testing. RESULTS Among all participants, there were inverse associations of IgA and lactoferrin concentrations with motor skills (P = 0.018 and P = 0.044), and a positive association of lactalbumin concentration with motor skills (P = 0.038). Among secretors only [fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2) positive], there were positive associations of absolute abundance of HMOs with ΔLAZ (P = 0.035), and relative abundance of fucosylated and sialylated HMOs with language at 18 mo (P < 0.001 and P = 0.033, respectively), and inverse associations of osteopontin with standing and walking at 12 mo (P = 0.007 and 0.002, respectively). Relative abundances of several individual HMOs were associated with growth and development, mostly among secretors. CONCLUSIONS Certain bioactive breast milk proteins and HMOs are associated with infant growth and motor and cognitive development. Further studies are needed to determine if a causal relation exists.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01239693.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Jorgensen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Young
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Chaima
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Chiza Kumwenda
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Maleta
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - John Sadalaki
- Department of Community Health, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Sarah M Totten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren D Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angela M Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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40
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Rosa F, Matazel KS, Bowlin AK, Williams KD, Elolimy AA, Adams SH, Bode L, Yeruva L. Neonatal Diet Impacts the Large Intestine Luminal Metabolome at Weaning and Post-Weaning in Piglets Fed Formula or Human Milk. Front Immunol 2020; 11:607609. [PMID: 33365033 PMCID: PMC7750455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of human milk (HM) or dairy milk-based formula (MF) on the large intestine’s metabolome was not investigated. Two-day old male piglets were randomly assigned to HM or MF diet (n = 26/group), from postnatal day (PND) 2 through 21 and weaned to a solid diet until PND 51. Piglets were euthanized at PND 21 and PND 51, luminal contents of the cecum, proximal (PC) and distal colons (DC), and rectum were collected and subjected to metabolomics analysis. Data analyses were performed using Metaboanalyst. In comparison to MF, the HM diet resulted in higher levels of fatty acids in the lumen of the cecum, PC, DC, and rectum at PND 21. Glutamic acid was greater in the lumen of cecum, PC, and DC relative to the MF group at PND 21. Also, spermidine was higher in the DC and rectal contents of HM relative to MF at PND 21. MF diet resulted in greater abundances of amino acids in the cecal lumen relative to HM diet at PND 21. Additionally, several sugar metabolites were higher in various regions of the distal gut of MF fed piglets relative to HM group at PND 21. In contrast, at PND 51, in various regions there were higher levels of erythritol, maltotriose, isomaltose in HM versus MF fed piglets. This suggests a post weaning shift in sugar metabolism that is impacted by neonatal diet. The data also suggest that infant diet type and host-microbiota interactions likely influence the lower gut metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosa
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Katelin S Matazel
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Anne K Bowlin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keith D Williams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A Elolimy
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
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41
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van Esch BCAM, Porbahaie M, Abbring S, Garssen J, Potaczek DP, Savelkoul HFJ, van Neerven RJJ. The Impact of Milk and Its Components on Epigenetic Programming of Immune Function in Early Life and Beyond: Implications for Allergy and Asthma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2141. [PMID: 33193294 PMCID: PMC7641638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific and adequate nutrition during pregnancy and early life is an important factor in avoiding non-communicable diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancers, and chronic allergic diseases. Although epidemiologic and experimental studies have shown that nutrition is important at all stages of life, it is especially important in prenatal and the first few years of life. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in the increasing health problems associated with allergic disease. Epigenetics involves several mechanisms including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs which can modify the expression of genes. In this study, we focus on the effects of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, the effects of the bioactive components in human and bovine milk, and the environmental factors that can affect early life (i.e., farming, milk processing, and bacterial exposure), and which contribute to the epigenetic mechanisms underlying the persistent programming of immune functions and allergic diseases. This knowledge will help to improve approaches to nutrition in early life and help prevent allergies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Porbahaie
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), The Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - R J Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
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42
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Amari S, Shahrook S, Namba F, Ota E, Mori R. Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10:CD012273. [PMID: 33006765 PMCID: PMC8078205 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012273.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a vital role in neonatal nutrition. Optimal BCAA supplementation might improve neonatal nutrient storage, leading to better physical and neurological development and other outcomes. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of BCAA supplementation on physical growth and neurological development in term and preterm neonates. We planned to make the following comparisons: parenteral nutrition with and without BCAA supplementation; enteral BCAA supplementation versus no supplementation; and any type of supplementation including enteral, parenteral and both ways versus no supplementation. To investigate the supplementation effectiveness for different dosages assessed in the eligible trials. SEARCH METHODS We conducted comprehensive searches using Cochrane Neonatal's standard search strategies: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2016, Issue 6), MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL (up to July 2016). We updated the search with CENTRAL (2019, Issue 8), MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL (up to August 2019). We also searched clinical trials registries and reference lists of retrieved articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We planned to include individual and cluster-randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing BCAA supplementation versus placebo or no supplementation in term and preterm neonates. We excluded trials presented only as abstracts and cross-over trials. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of all potential studies identified from the search strategy. We planned to extract data using a pilot-tested standard data extraction form and assess risk of bias of the included studies following the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We planned to analyse treatment effects and report their effect estimates as per dichotomous or continuous data with 95% confidence intervals. We planned to conduct subgroup analysis to investigate heterogeneity, and perform sensitivity analysis where possible. We planned to use fixed-effect meta-analysis to combine data wherever appropriate. We planned to assess evidence quality using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any potentially eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found no trial data to support or refute the idea that BCAA supplementation affects physical and neurological development and other outcomes in term and preterm neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Amari
- Neonatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumihiko Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Erika Ota
- Global Health Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Mori
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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43
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Park JJH, Siden E, Harari O, Dron L, Mazoub R, Jeziorska V, Zannat NE, Gadalla H, Thorlund K, Mills EJ. Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review with network and pairwise meta-analyses. Gates Open Res 2020; 3:1720. [PMID: 33062941 PMCID: PMC7536351 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13082.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is critical for child's linear growth. While there is strong evidence in favor of EBF, the evidence with regards to other interventions for linear growth is unclear. We evaluated intervention domains of micronutrients, food supplements, deworming, maternal education, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and kangaroo care, for their comparative effectiveness on linear growth. Methods: For this review, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the interventions provided to infants aged 0-6 months and/or their breastfeeding mothers in low- and middle-income countries reporting on length-for-age z-score (LAZ), stunting, length, and head circumference. We searched for reports published until September 17 th, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. For LAZ and stunting, we used network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of all interventions except for kangaroo care, where we used pairwise meta-analysis to compare its effects versus standard-of-care. For length and head circumference, we qualitatively summarized our findings. Results: We found 29 RCTs (40 papers) involving 35,119 mother and infant pairs reporting on the effects of aforementioned interventions on linear growth outcomes. Our NMA on LAZ found that compared to standard-of-care, multiple micronutrients administered to infants (MMN-C) improved LAZ (mean difference: 0.20; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.03,0.35), whereas supplementing breastfeeding mothers with MMN did not (MMN-M, mean difference: -0.02, 95%CrI: -0.18,0.13). No interventions including MMN-C (relative risk: 0.74; 95%CrI: 0.36,1.44) reduced risk for stunting compared to standard-of-care. Kangaroo care, on the other hand, improved head circumference (mean difference: 0.20 cm/week; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.09,0.31 cm/week) and length (mean difference: 0.23 cm/week; 95%CI: 0.10,0.35 cm/week) compared to standard-of-care. Conclusion: Our study found important improvements for kangaroo care, but we did not find sufficient evidence for other interventions. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018110450; registered on 17 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J. H. Park
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ellie Siden
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ofir Harari
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
| | - Louis Dron
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
| | - Reham Mazoub
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kristian Thorlund
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Edward J. Mills
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
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44
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Joung S, Fil JE, Heckmann AB, Kvistgaard AS, Dilger RN. Early-Life Supplementation of Bovine Milk Osteopontin Supports Neurodevelopment and Influences Exploratory Behavior. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082206. [PMID: 32722080 PMCID: PMC7469054 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) is a whey protein found at high concentration in human milk and is involved in processes such as bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Milk OPN has shown to be involved in various aspects of development, including the immune system and gut health. However, the influence of dietary bovine milk OPN inclusion on brain and cognitive development has not been studied extensively until recently. This research examines whether dietary supplementation of bovine milk OPN supports brain and cognitive development in the translational pig model. Methods: From postnatal day (PND) 2 to 34, twenty-one intact male pigs were provided ad libitum access to one of two dietary treatments, a standard soy protein isolate-based milk replacer to serve as a control diet (n = 11) and the same base diet supplemented with bovine milk OPN to serve as a test diet (n = 10). In addition to growth and health outcomes, recognition memory was tested using the novel object recognition (NOR) task from PND 28 to 32, and magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at PND 34 to evaluate brain development. Results: No dietary effects were observed for growth performance or health indices. For the behavioral analysis, pigs that received the test diet exhibited shorter (p < 0.05) latency to the first object visited compared with pigs fed the control diet. Although the control group exhibited novelty preference, there was no difference in recognition index between dietary groups. Neuroimaging outcomes revealed increased (p < 0.05) relative brain volumes of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricle, left and right internal capsule, left and right putamen-globus pallidus, and right hippocampus, and right cortex in the test group. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed higher (p < 0.05) radial diffusivity in the corpus callosum and lower (p < 0.05) fractional anisotropy in pigs provided the test diet. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of bovine milk OPN increased the relative volume of several brain regions and altered behaviors in the NOR task. Underlying mechanisms of bovine milk OPN influencing the development of brain structures and additional behaviors warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyun Joung
- University of Illinois, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.J.); (J.E.F.)
| | - Joanne E. Fil
- University of Illinois, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.J.); (J.E.F.)
| | - Anne B. Heckmann
- Arla Foods Ingredients, Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, DK-8260 Viby, Denmark; (A.B.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Anne S. Kvistgaard
- Arla Foods Ingredients, Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, DK-8260 Viby, Denmark; (A.B.H.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- University of Illinois, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (S.J.); (J.E.F.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-217-333-2006
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein present abundantly in human milk, but at low levels in bovine milk and infant formula. Bovine milk OPN (bmOPN) is commercially available, and may therefore, be added to formula. OPN exerts its multiple functions by binding to its receptors to activate cell signaling pathways. The OPN receptor (integrin)-binding site is conserved across species; therefore, bmOPN may exert bioactivities in humans and mice. The objective of the present study was to evaluate bioactivities of bmOPN using an established OPN knock-out (KO) mouse model. METHODS We evaluated bioactivities of bmOPN, including effects on intestinal growth, immune response, and brain development. In the present study, wild-type (WT) pups were nursed by WT dams, KO dams, or KO dams with bmOPN supplementation from postnatal days 1 to 21 (P1--P21). RESULTS Our results show that orally ingested bmOPN is partly resistant to in vivo gastrointestinal digestion, and supplemental bmOPN exhibited similar effects as mouse milk OPN (mmOPN) on promoting growth of the small intestine revealed by histological analysis of duodenum villus height and crypt depth at P10, on modifying TNF-α response against a LPS challenge at P30, as well as promoting brain myelination by increasing expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and myelin basic protein (MBP) and improving cognitive development. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that bmOPN with an amino acid sequence different from mmOPN but with a conserved integrin binding site exerts bioactivities similar to mmOPN suggests that bmOPN may provide bioactivities to human infants when added to formula.
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Jiang R, Liu L, Du X, Lönnerdal B. Evaluation of Bioactivities of the Bovine Milk Lactoferrin-Osteopontin Complex in Infant Formulas. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6104-6111. [PMID: 32362125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human milk contains several bioactive proteins, including lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN). These two proteins have been shown to form a complex, which shows increased bioactivities. Bovine LF and OPN can also form such a complex. We assessed bioactivities of the bovine LF-OPN complex (at molar ratios of LF:OPN = 3:1, 5:1, or 8:1) in a formula protein matrix, including LF, OPN, bovine whey protein hydrolysate, and α-lactalbumin. Our results show that the bovine LF-OPN complex together with formula proteins is resistant to in vitro digestion, stimulates intestinal cell proliferation (by 15-50%) and differentiation (by 30-50%), increases antibacterial activity (by 25-50%), and enhances intestinal immunity. The 3:1 ratio of LF to OPN exhibits the most potent effects, as compared with the other two ratios. In conclusion, adding bovine LF and OPN to infant formulas may result in increased stability of the two components and enhanced bioactivities, possibly improving outcomes in formula-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogu Du
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Maity S, Das D, Ambatipudi K. Quantitative alterations in bovine milk proteome from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis during S. aureus infection. J Proteomics 2020; 223:103815. [PMID: 32423885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is a major impediment to milk production and lacks markers to indicate disease progression in cows and buffaloes. Thus, the focus of this study was to identify proteins marking the transition from subclinical to clinical mastitis. Whey proteins were isolated from 6 group's i.e. healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis of Holstein Friesian cow and Murrah buffalo. Mass spectrometry and statistical analysis (ANOVA and t-tests) were performed on 12 biological samples each from cow and buffalo (4 per healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis) resulting in a total of 24 proteome datasets. Collectively, 1479 proteins were identified of which significant proteins were shortlisted by a combination of fold change (≤ 0.5 or ≥ 2) and q < 0.05. Of these proteins, 128 and 163 indicated disease progression in cow and buffalo, respectively. Change in expression of haptoglobin and fibronectin from Holstein Friesian while spermadhesin and osteopontin from Murrah correlated with disease progression. Similarly, angiogenin and cofilin-1 were upregulated while ubiquitin family members were downregulated during disease transition. Subsequently, selected proteins (e.g. osteopontin and fibrinogen-α) were validated by Western blots. The results of this study provide deeper insights into whey proteome dynamics and signature patterns indicative of disease progression. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Bovine mastitis is the most lethal infectious disease causing a huge economic loss in the dairy industry. In an attempt, to understand the dynamics of whey proteome in response to S. aureus infection, whey protein collected from healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitic HF and Mu were investigated. A total of 1479 proteins were identified, of which 128 and 163 had signature pattern in each stage indicative of the progression of the disease. The results of the present study provide a foundation to better understand the complexity of mastitis that will ultimately help facilitate early therapeutic and husbandry-based intervention to improve animal health and milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Debiprasanna Das
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
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Park JJH, Siden E, Harari O, Dron L, Mazoub R, Jeziorska V, Zannat NE, Gadalla H, Thorlund K, Mills EJ. Interventions to improve linear growth during exclusive breastfeeding life-stage for children aged 0-6 months living in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and network and pairwise meta-analyses. Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1720. [PMID: 33062941 PMCID: PMC7536351 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13082.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is critical for child's linear growth. While there is strong evidence in favor of EBF, the evidence with regards to other interventions for linear growth is unclear. We evaluated intervention domains of micronutrients, food supplements, deworming, maternal education, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), and kangaroo care, for their comparative effectiveness on linear growth. Methods: For this review, we searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of the interventions provided to infants aged 0-6 months and/or their breastfeeding mothers in low- and middle-income countries reporting on length-for-age z-score (LAZ), stunting, length, and head circumference. We searched for reports published until September 17 th, 2019 and hand-searched bibliographies of existing reviews. For LAZ and stunting, we used network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effects of all interventions except for kangaroo care, where we used pairwise meta-analysis to compare its effects versus standard-of-care. For length and head circumference, we qualitatively summarized our findings. Results: We found 29 RCTs (40 papers) involving 35,119 mother and infant pairs reporting on the effects of aforementioned interventions on linear growth outcomes. Our NMA on LAZ found that compared to standard-of-care, multiple micronutrients administered to infants (MMN-C) improved LAZ (mean difference: 0.20; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.03,0.35), whereas supplementing breastfeeding mothers with MMN did not (MMN-M, mean difference: -0.02, 95%CrI: -0.18,0.13). No interventions including MMN-C (relative risk: 0.74; 95%CrI: 0.36,1.44) reduced risk for stunting compared to standard-of-care. Kangaroo care, on the other hand, improved head circumference (mean difference: 0.20 cm/week; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.09,0.31 cm/week) and length (mean difference: 0.23 cm/week; 95%CI: 0.10,0.35 cm/week) compared to standard-of-care. Conclusion: Our study found important improvements for kangaroo care, but we did not find sufficient evidence for other interventions. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42018110450; registered on 17 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay J. H. Park
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ellie Siden
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ofir Harari
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
| | - Louis Dron
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
| | - Reham Mazoub
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kristian Thorlund
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Edward J. Mills
- MTEK Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V5Z1J5, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methodology, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4K1, Canada
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Christensen B, Karlsen NJ, Jørgensen SDS, Jacobsen LN, Ostenfeld MS, Petersen SV, Müllertz A, Sørensen ES. Milk osteopontin retains integrin-binding activity after in vitro gastrointestinal transit. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:42-51. [PMID: 31733850 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in milk, where it is hypothesized to be involved in immunological signaling via the conserved Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin-binding sequence. Intervention studies have indicated beneficial effects of orally administered OPN in animal and human infants, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well described. To induce physiological effects, OPN must resist gastrointestinal transit in a bioactive form. In this study, we subjected bovine milk OPN to in vitro gastrointestinal transit, and characterized the generated fragments using monoclonal antibody and mass spectrometric analyses. We found that the fragment Trp27-Phe151 containing the integrin-binding RGD sequence resisted in vitro gastric digestion. This resistance was dependent on glycosylation of threonine residues near the integrin-binding sequence in both human and bovine milk OPN. Furthermore, the fragment Trp27-Phe151 retained the ability to interact with integrins in an RGD-dependent process. These results suggest a mechanism for how ingested milk OPN can induce physiological effects via integrin signaling in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; iFood, Aarhus University Center for Innovative Food Research, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N J Karlsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S D S Jørgensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L N Jacobsen
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, DK-8260 Viby J, Denmark
| | - M S Ostenfeld
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, DK-8260 Viby J, Denmark
| | - S V Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; iFood, Aarhus University Center for Innovative Food Research, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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50
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The Functional Power of the Human Milk Proteome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081834. [PMID: 31398857 PMCID: PMC6723708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the most complete and ideal form of nutrition for the developing infant. The composition of human milk consistently changes throughout lactation to meet the changing functional needs of the infant. The human milk proteome is an essential milk component consisting of proteins, including enzymes/proteases, glycoproteins, and endogenous peptides. These compounds may contribute to the healthy development in a synergistic way by affecting growth, maturation of the immune system, from innate to adaptive immunity, and the gut. A comprehensive overview of the human milk proteome, covering all of its components, is lacking, even though numerous analyses of human milk proteins have been reported. Such data could substantially aid in our understanding of the functionality of each constituent of the proteome. This review will highlight each of the aforementioned components of human milk and emphasize the functionality of the proteome throughout lactation, including nutrient delivery and enhanced bioavailability of nutrients for growth, cognitive development, immune defense, and gut maturation.
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