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Bai X, Sönnerborg A, Nowak P. Elite controllers microbiome: unraveling the mystery of association and causation. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:261-267. [PMID: 38874425 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To unravel the current knowledge and possible link between the gut microbiome and HIV-1 virological control in elite controllers (EC), who can suppress viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, to discuss the limitations of current research and propose future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS EC possess a different gut bacterial microbiota profile in composition and functionality from that of treatment-naive HIV-1 viremic progressors (VP). Specifically, EC have a richer bacterial microbiota as compared to VP, which closely resembles the microbiota in HIV-1 negative healthy controls (HC). Differentially abundant bacteria are found between EC and VP or HC, though results vary among the few existing studies. These data imply that the gut microbiome could contribute to the natural suppression of HIV-1 infection. SUMMARY An association between the gut microbiome and HIV-1 virological control is evidenced by recent studies. Yet, there are substantial knowledge gaps, and the underlying mechanism of how the microbiome influences the EC phenotype is far from clarified. Future research should consider diverse microbial communities, the complex microbe-host interactions, as well as yet-unidentified causal links between microbiome alterations and HIV-1 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bai
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
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2
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Belda E, Capeau J, Zucker JD, Chatelier EL, Pons N, Oñate FP, Quinquis B, Alili R, Fellahi S, Katlama C, Clément K, Fève B, Jaureguiberry S, Goujard C, Lambotte O, Doré J, Prifti E, Bastard JP. Major depletion of insulin sensitivity-associated taxa in the gut microbiome of persons living with HIV controlled by antiretroviral drugs. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:209. [PMID: 39138568 PMCID: PMC11320835 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons living with HIV (PWH) harbor an altered gut microbiome (higher abundance of Prevotella and lower abundance of Bacillota and Ruminococcus lineages) compared to non-infected individuals. Some of these alterations are linked to sexual preference and others to the HIV infection. The relationship between these lineages and metabolic alterations, often present in aging PWH, has been poorly investigated. METHODS In this study, we compared fecal metagenomes of 25 antiretroviral-treatment (ART)-controlled PWH to three independent control groups of 25 non-infected matched individuals by means of univariate analyses and machine learning methods. Moreover, we used two external datasets to validate predictive models of PWH classification. Next, we searched for associations between clinical and biological metabolic parameters with taxonomic and functional microbiome profiles. Finally, we compare the gut microbiome in 7 PWH after a 17-week ART switch to raltegravir/maraviroc. RESULTS Three major enterotypes (Prevotella, Bacteroides and Ruminococcaceae) were present in all groups. The first Prevotella enterotype was enriched in PWH, with several of characteristic lineages associated with poor metabolic profiles (low HDL and adiponectin, high insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Conversely butyrate-producing lineages were markedly depleted in PWH independently of sexual preference and were associated with a better metabolic profile (higher HDL and adiponectin and lower HOMA-IR). Accordingly with the worst metabolic status of PWH, butyrate production and amino-acid degradation modules were associated with high HDL and adiponectin and low HOMA-IR. Random Forest models trained to classify PWH vs. control on taxonomic abundances displayed high generalization performance on two external holdout datasets (ROC AUC of 80-82%). Finally, no significant alterations in microbiome composition were observed after switching to raltegravir/maraviroc. CONCLUSION High resolution metagenomic analyses revealed major differences in the gut microbiome of ART-controlled PWH when compared with three independent matched cohorts of controls. The observed marked insulin resistance could result both from enrichment in Prevotella lineages, and from the depletion in species producing butyrate and involved into amino-acid degradation, which depletion is linked with the HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugeni Belda
- IRD, Sorbonne Université, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, Bondy, F-93143, France.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition et Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Zucker
- IRD, Sorbonne Université, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, Bondy, F-93143, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition et Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Pons
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | | | - Benoit Quinquis
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Rohia Alili
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition et Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Soraya Fellahi
- INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75012, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département de biochimie-pharmacologie, FHU-SENEC, INSERM U955 and Université Paris Est (UPEC), UMR U955, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, F-93010 cedex, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition et Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Stéphane Jaureguiberry
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique et Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Transmissibles, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique et Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Transmissibles, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique et Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Transmissibles, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Université Paris Saclay, Inserm, CEA, UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Joël Doré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, MGP, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Edi Prifti
- IRD, Sorbonne Université, Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes, UMMISCO, Bondy, F-93143, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition et Obesities, Systemic Approaches, NutriOmique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bastard
- INSERM UMR_S938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-Métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, F-75012, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département de biochimie-pharmacologie, FHU-SENEC, INSERM U955 and Université Paris Est (UPEC), UMR U955, Faculté de Santé, Créteil, F-93010 cedex, France
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3
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Hu A, Zaongo SD, Harypursat V, Wang X, Ouyang J, Chen Y. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: key implications of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1428239. [PMID: 39155987 PMCID: PMC11327151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1428239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is now recognized to be relatively common in people living with HIV (PLWH), and remains a common cause of cognitive impairment. Unfortunately, the fundamental pathogenic processes underlying this specific outcome of HIV infection have not as yet been fully elucidated. With increased interest in research related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis, the gut-brain axis has been shown to play critical roles in regulating central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. PLWH are characterized by a particular affliction, referred to as gut-associated dysbiosis syndrome, which provokes an alteration in microbial composition and diversity, and of their associated metabolite composition within the gut. Interestingly, the gut microbiota has also been recognized as a key element, which both positively and negatively influences human brain health, including the functioning and development of the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, based on published evidence, we critically discuss the relevant interactions between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and the pathogenesis of HAND in the context of HIV infection. It is likely that HAND manifestation in PLWH mainly results from (i) gut-associated dysbiosis syndrome and a leaky gut on the one hand and (ii) inflammation on the other hand. In other words, the preceding features of HIV infection negatively alter the composition of the gut microbiota (microbes and their associated metabolites) and promote proinflammatory immune responses which singularly or in tandem damage neurons and/or induce inadequate neuronal signaling. Thus, HAND is fairly prevalent in PLWH. This work aims to demonstrate that in the quest to prevent and possibly treat HAND, the gut microbiota may ultimately represent a therapeutically targetable "host factor."
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Hu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D. Zaongo
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Chonggang General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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4
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Cai Y, Podlaha O, Deeks SG, Brinson C, Ramgopal MN, DeJesus E, Mills A, Shalit P, Abdel-Mohsen M, Zhang L, de Vries CR, Vendrame E, SenGupta D, Wallin JJ. HIV rebound in HIV controllers is associated with a specific fecal microbiome profile. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350809. [PMID: 38727191 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with gut dysbiosis, and microbiome variability may affect HIV control when antiretroviral therapy (ART) is stopped. The TLR7 agonist, vesatolimod, was previously associated with a modest delay in viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption in HIV controllers (HCs). Using a retrospective analysis of fecal samples from HCs treated with vesatolimod or placebo (NCT03060447), people with chronic HIV (CH; NCT02858401) or without HIV (PWOH), we examined fecal microbiome profile in HCs before/after treatment, and in CH and PWOH. Microbiome diversity and abundance were compared between groups to investigate the association between specific phyla/species, immune biomarkers, and viral outcomes during treatment interruption. Although there were no significant differences in gut microbiome diversity between people with and without HIV, HCs, and CH shared common features that distinguished them from PWOH. there was a trend toward greater microbiome diversity among HCs. Treatment with vesatolimod reduced dysbiosis in HCs. Firmicutes positively correlated with T-cell activation, while Bacteroidetes and Euryarchaeota inversely correlated with TLR7-mediated immune activation. Specific types of fecal microbiome abundance (e.g. Alistipes putredinis) positively correlated with HIV rebound. In conclusion, variability in the composition of the fecal microbiome is associated with markers of immune activation following vesatolimod treatment and ART interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Cai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | | | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Moti N Ramgopal
- Midway Immunology and Research Center, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | | | - Anthony Mills
- Men's Health Foundation, West Hollywood, California, USA
| | - Peter Shalit
- Peter Shalit MD and Associates, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liao Zhang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
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Liu J, Ding C, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang L, Fang Q, Shuai C, Gao Y, Wu J. Advances in Mechanism of HIV-1 Immune Reconstitution Failure: Understanding Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Interventions for Immunological Nonresponders. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1609-1620. [PMID: 38768409 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In individuals diagnosed with AIDS, the primary method of sustained suppression of HIV-1 replication is antiretroviral therapy, which systematically increases CD4+ T cell levels and restores immune function. However, there is still a subset of 10-40% of people living with HIV who not only fail to reach normal CD4+ T cell counts but also experience severe immune dysfunction. These individuals are referred to as immunological nonresponders (INRs). INRs have a higher susceptibility to opportunistic infections and non-AIDS-related illnesses, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, it is crucial to gain new insights into the primary mechanisms of immune reconstitution failure to enable early and effective treatment for individuals at risk. This review provides an overview of the dynamics of key lymphocyte subpopulations, the main molecular mechanisms of INRs, clinical diagnosis, and intervention strategies during immune reconstitution failure, primarily from a multiomics perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Liu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengchao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lina Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Chenxi Shuai
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Central Laboratory of HIV Molecular and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
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Capeau J, Lagathu C, Ngono Ayissi K, Fève B, Béréziat V. HIV and adipose tissue: A long history linked to therapeutic classes of antiretrovirals. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:255-258. [PMID: 38871510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
HIV infection has been controlled only since the introduction of triple therapy in 1996, combining, as antiretroviral agents, two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one protease inhibitor (PI). However, among the NRTIs, the thymidine analogues stavudine and zidovudine led to lipoatrophy, either generalized or associated with visceral fat hypertrophy and buffalo hump. These molecules also increased insulin resistance and the prevalence of diabetes. They were replaced by other NRTIs or non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) that were considered to be free of adipose tissue (AT) toxicity. More recently, the NRTI tenofovir disoproxyfumarate (TDF) and the NNRTI efavirenz have been associated with inhibition of fat gain but not with clear lipoatrophy. Otherwise, the use of PIs led to a phenotype of trunk fat hypertrophy associated with cardiometabolic complications. To avoid their adverse effects, PIs have recently been replaced by a new class of antiretrovirals, the integrase inhibitors (INSTIs), which are well tolerated and effective in controlling HIV. However, this class has been associated with global weight gain, which may be important and concerning for some people living with HIV (PWH). Also, in the NRTI class, TDF has often been replaced by tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) due to bone and renal toxicities, and TAF has been associated with global fat gain. The cardiometabolic consequences of INTIs and TAF are primarily related to the associated weight gain. In the global obesogenic worldwide context, PWH are gaining weight as well in relation to poor health life conditions. Taking in charge obesity uses the same strategies as those used in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Capeau
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Inserm UMR_S938, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, ANRS-MIE, Sidaction, France.
| | - Claire Lagathu
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Inserm UMR_S938, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Kenza Ngono Ayissi
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Inserm UMR_S938, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Inserm UMR_S938, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, PRISIS, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- Centre de recherche Saint-Antoine, institut hospitalo-universitaire de cardio-métabolisme et nutrition (ICAN), Inserm UMR_S938, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France
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Salvador PBU, Altavas PJDR, del Rosario MAS, Ornos EDB, Dalmacio LMM. Alterations in the Gut Microbiome Composition of People Living with HIV in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Systematic Review. Clin Pract 2024; 14:846-861. [PMID: 38804398 PMCID: PMC11130874 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to present a global health issue. Recent studies have explored the potential role of the gut microbiome in HIV infection for novel therapeutic approaches. We investigated the gut microbiome composition of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the Asia-Pacific region. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using keywords such as "HIV", "PLHIV", "AIDS", "gut microbiome", "gut dysbiosis", and "metagenomics". Only peer-reviewed and full-text studies published in English were included. A total of 15 studies from the Asia-Pacific region were included for analysis. Compared to healthy controls, PLHIV showed an increased abundance of Proteobacteria and its genera, which may be considered pathobionts, and decreased abundances of Bacteroidetes and several genera under Firmicutes with known short-chain fatty acid and immunoregulatory activities. Predominant taxa such as Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae were also associated with clinical factors such as CD4 count, the CD4/CD8 ratio, and inflammatory cytokines. This review highlights gut microbiome changes among PLHIV in the Asia-Pacific region, indicating potential bacterial signatures for prognostication. The partial restoration of the microbiome toward beneficial taxa may ensure the long-term success of treatment, promoting immune recovery while maintaining viral load suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Benedic U. Salvador
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (P.J.d.R.A.); (L.M.M.D.)
| | - Patrick Josemaria d. R. Altavas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (P.J.d.R.A.); (L.M.M.D.)
| | - Mark Angelo S. del Rosario
- Multi-Omics Research Program for Health, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (M.A.S.d.R.); (E.D.B.O.)
| | - Eric David B. Ornos
- Multi-Omics Research Program for Health, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (M.A.S.d.R.); (E.D.B.O.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Leslie Michelle M. Dalmacio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (P.J.d.R.A.); (L.M.M.D.)
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8
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Moodley S, Kroon E, Naidoo CC, Nyawo GR, Wu BG, Naidoo S, Chiyaka TL, Tshivhula H, Singh S, Li Y, Warren RM, Hoal EG, Schurr E, Clemente J, Segal LN, Möller M, Theron G. Latent tuberculosis infection is associated with an enrichment of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in the stool of women living with HIV. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4182285. [PMID: 38645218 PMCID: PMC11030539 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4182285/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is common in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. Active TB is associated with specific stool taxa; however, little is known about the stool microbiota and LTBI, including in PLHIV. Method Within a parent study that recruited adult females with HIV from Cape Town, South Africa into predefined age categories (18-25, 35-60 years), we characterised the stool microbiota of those with [interferon-γ release assay (IGRA)- and tuberculin skin test (TST)-positive] or without (IGRA- and TST- negative) LTBI (n=25 per group). 16S rRNA DNA sequences were analysed using QIIME2, Dirichlet Multinomial Mixtures, DESeq2 and PICRUSt2. Results No α- or β-diversity differences occurred by LTBI status; however, LTBI-positives were Faecalibacterium-, Blautia-, Gemmiger-, Bacteroides-enriched and Moryella-, Atopobium-, Corynebacterium-, Streptococcus-depleted. Inferred metagenome data showed LTBI-negative-enriched pathways included several involved in methylglyoxal degradation, L-arginine, putrescine, 4-aminobutanoate degradation and L-arginine and ornithine degradation. Stool from LTBI-positives demonstrated differential taxa abundance based on a quantitative response to antigen stimulation (Acidaminococcus-enrichment and Megamonas-, Alistipes-, and Paraprevotella-depletion associated with higher IGRA or TST responses, respectively). In LTBI-positives, older people had different β-diversities than younger people whereas, in LTBI-negatives, no differences occurred across age groups. Conclusion Amongst female PLHIV, those with LTBI had, vs. those without LTBI, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Gemmiger, Bacteriodes-enriched, which are producers of short chain fatty acids. Taxonomic differences amongst people with LTBI occurred according to quantitative response to antigen stimulation and age. These data enhance our understanding of the microbiome's potential role in LTBI.
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Chen X, Wei J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Crosstalk between gut microbiome and neuroinflammation in pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. J Neurol Sci 2024; 457:122889. [PMID: 38262196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2024.122889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) has become a chronic neurodegenerative disease affecting the quality of life in people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite an established association between HAND and neuroinflammation induced by HIV proteins (gp120, Tat, Rev., Nef, and Vpr), the pathogenesis of HAND remains to be fully elucidated. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that the gut microbiome is emerging as a critical regulator of various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), suggesting that the crosstalk between the gut microbiome and neuroinflammation may contribute to the development of these diseases, for example, gut dysbiosis and microbiota-derived metabolites can trigger inflammation in the brain. However, the potential role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of HAND remains largely unexplored. In this review, we aim to discuss and elucidate the HAND pathogenesis correlated with gut microbiome and neuroinflammation, and intend to explore the probable intervention strategies for HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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10
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Yang Q, Zaongo SD, Zhu L, Yan J, Yang J, Ouyang J. The Potential of Clostridium butyricum to Preserve Gut Health, and to Mitigate Non-AIDS Comorbidities in People Living with HIV. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1. [PMID: 38336953 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A dramatic reduction in mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been achieved during the modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, ART does not restore gut barrier function even after long-term viral suppression, allowing microbial products to enter the systemic blood circulation and induce chronic immune activation. In PLWH, a chronic state of systemic inflammation exists and persists, which increases the risk of development of inflammation-associated non-AIDS comorbidities such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Clostridium butyricum is a human butyrate-producing symbiont present in the gut microbiome. Convergent evidence has demonstrated favorable effects of C. butyricum for gastrointestinal health, including maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the gut barrier, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine, and reduction of microbial translocation. Moreover, C. butyricum supplementation has been observed to have a positive effect on various inflammation-related diseases such as diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and cancer, which are also recognized as non-AIDS comorbidities associated with epithelial gut damage. There is currently scant published research in the literature, focusing on the influence of C. butyricum in the gut of PLWH. In this hypothesis review, we speculate the use of C. butyricum as a probiotic oral supplementation may well emerge as a potential future synergistic adjunctive strategy in PLWH, in tandem with ART, to restore and consolidate intestinal barrier integrity, repair the leaky gut, prevent microbial translocation from the gut, and reduce both gut and systemic inflammation, with the ultimate objective of decreasing the risk for development of non-AIDS comorbidities in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijiao Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Field KR, Wragg KM, Kent SJ, Lee WS, Juno JA. γδ T cells mediate robust anti-HIV functions during antiretroviral therapy regardless of immune checkpoint expression. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1486. [PMID: 38299190 PMCID: PMC10825377 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) efficiently suppresses HIV viral load, immune dysregulation and dysfunction persist in people living with HIV (PLWH). γδ T cells are functionally impaired during untreated HIV infection, but the extent to which they are reconstituted upon ART is currently unclear. Methods Utilising a cohort of ART-treated PLWH, we assessed the frequency and phenotype, characterised in vitro functional responses and defined the impact of immune checkpoint marker expression on effector functions of both Vδ1 and Vδ2 T cells. We additionally explore the in vitro expansion of Vδ2 T cells from PLWH on ART and the mechanisms by which such expanded cells may sense and kill HIV-infected targets. Results A matured NK cell-like phenotype was observed for Vδ1 T cells among 25 ART-treated individuals (PLWH/ART) studied compared to 17 HIV-uninfected controls, with heightened expression of 2B4, CD160, TIGIT and Tim-3. Despite persistent phenotypic perturbations, Vδ1 T cells from PLWH/ART exhibited strong CD16-mediated activation and degranulation, which were suppressed upon Tim-3 and TIGIT crosslinking. Vδ2 T cell degranulation responses to the phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate at concentrations up to 2 ng mL-1 were significantly impaired in an immune checkpoint-independent manner among ART-treated participants. Nonetheless, expanded Vδ2 T cells from PLWH/ART retained potent anti-HIV effector functions, with the NKG2D receptor contributing substantially to the elimination of infected cells. Conclusion Our findings highlight that although significant perturbations remain within the γδ T cell compartment throughout ART-treated HIV, both subsets retain the capacity for robust anti-HIV effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty R Field
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kathleen M Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
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12
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O'Connell LM, Mann AE, Osagie E, Akhigbe P, Blouin T, Soule A, Obuekwe O, Omoigberale A, Burne RA, Coker MO, Richards VP. Supragingival mycobiome of HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children reflects a stronger correlation with caries-free-associated taxa compared to HIV-infected or uninfected children. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0149123. [PMID: 37874172 PMCID: PMC10715047 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01491-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Globally, caries is among the most frequent chronic childhood disease, and the fungal component of the microbial community responsible is poorly studied despite evidence that fungi contribute to increased acid production exacerbating enamel demineralization. HIV infection is another global health crisis. Perinatal HIV exposure with infection are caries risk factors; however, the caries experience in the context of perinatal HIV exposure without infection is less clear. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we find taxonomic differences that become pronounced during late-stage caries. Notably, we show a stronger correlation with health-associated taxa for HIV-exposed-but-uninfected children when compared to unexposed and uninfected children. This aligns with a lower incidence of caries in primary teeth at age 6 or less for exposed yet uninfected children. Ultimately, these findings could contribute to improved risk assessment, intervention, and prevention strategies such as biofilm disruption and the informed design of pro-, pre-, and synbiotic oral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. O'Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Allison E. Mann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Esosa Osagie
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akhigbe
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Thomas Blouin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ashlyn Soule
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozoemene Obuekwe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Omoigberale
- Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Robert A. Burne
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vincent P. Richards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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13
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Xia C, Zhang X, Harypursat V, Ouyang J, Chen Y. The role of pyroptosis in incomplete immune reconstitution among people living with HIV:Potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106969. [PMID: 37866704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Globally, HIV infection causes significant morbidity and mortality, and is a major public health problem. Despite the fact that widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has substantially altered the natural history of HIV infection from originally being a universally lethal disease to now being a chronic medical condition for those taking appropriate treatment, approximately 10-40% of people living with HIV (PLWH) who take effective ART and maintain long-term viral suppression fail to achieve normalization of CD4 + T-cell counts. This phenomenon is referred to as incomplete immune reconstitution or immunological non-response. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this outcome have not been elucidated, recent evidence indicates that excessive pyroptosis may play a crucial role in the development of incomplete immune reconstitution. Pyroptosis is characterized by the formation of pores in the cell membrane, cell rupture, and secretion of intracellular contents and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18. This excessive inflammation-induced programmed cell death leads to a massive loss of CD4 + T-cells, and inflammatory consequences that may promote and sustain incomplete immune reconstitution. Herein, we review the possible pathways activated in HIV infection by inflammasomes that act as switches of pyroptosis, and the role of pyroptosis in HIV, as well as the relevance of CD4 + T-cells in incomplete immune reconstitution. We also highlight the possible mechanisms of pyroptosis involved in incomplete immune reconstitution, thus paving the way for the development of potential targets for the treatment of incomplete immune reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xia
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
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14
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Ogai K, Nana BC, Lloyd YM, Arios JP, Jiyarom B, Awanakam H, Esemu LF, Hori A, Matsuoka A, Nainu F, Megnekou R, Leke RGF, Ekali GL, Okamoto S, Kuraishi T. Skin microbiome profile in people living with HIV/AIDS in Cameroon. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1211899. [PMID: 38029259 PMCID: PMC10644231 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1211899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of pathogens and the state of diseases, particularly skin diseases, may alter the composition of human skin microbiome. HIV infection has been reported to impair gut microbiome that leads to severe consequences. However, with cutaneous manifestations, that can be life-threatening, due to the opportunistic pathogens, little is known whether HIV infection might influence the skin microbiome and affect the skin homeostasis. This study catalogued the profile of skin microbiome of healthy Cameroonians, at three different skin sites, and compared them to the HIV-infected individuals. Taking advantage on the use of molecular assay coupled with next-generation sequencing, this study revealed that alpha-diversity of the skin microbiome was higher and beta-diversity was altered significantly in the HIV-infected Cameroonians than in the healthy ones. The relative abundance of skin microbes such as Micrococcus and Kocuria species was higher and Cutibacterium species was significantly lower in HIV-infected people, indicating an early change in the human skin microbiome in response to the HIV infection. This phenotypical shift was not related to the number of CD4 T cell count thus the cause remains to be identified. Overall, these data may offer an important lead on the role of skin microbiome in the determination of cutaneous disease state and the discovery of safe pharmacological preparations to treat microbial-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Ogai
- AI Hospital/Macro Signal Dynamics Research and Development Center (ai@ku), Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Bio-engineering Nursing, Graduate School of Nursing, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Benderli Christine Nana
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yukie Michelle Lloyd
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - John Paul Arios
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Honore Awanakam
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Livo Forgu Esemu
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aki Hori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsuoka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Rosette Megnekou
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology of the Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rose Gana Fomban Leke
- Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kuraishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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15
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Planchais C, Molinos-Albert LM, Rosenbaum P, Hieu T, Kanyavuz A, Clermont D, Prazuck T, Lefrou L, Dimitrov JD, Hüe S, Hocqueloux L, Mouquet H. HIV-1 treatment timing shapes the human intestinal memory B-cell repertoire to commensal bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6326. [PMID: 37816704 PMCID: PMC10564866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection causes severe alterations of gut mucosa, microbiota and immune system, which can be curbed by early antiretroviral therapy. Here, we investigate how treatment timing affects intestinal memory B-cell and plasmablast repertoires of HIV-1-infected humans. We show that only class-switched memory B cells markedly differ between subjects treated during the acute and chronic phases of infection. Intestinal memory B-cell monoclonal antibodies show more prevalent polyreactive and commensal bacteria-reactive clones in late- compared to early-treated individuals. Mirroring this, serum IgA polyreactivity and commensal-reactivity are strongly increased in late-treated individuals and correlate with intestinal permeability and systemic inflammatory markers. Polyreactive blood IgA memory B cells, many of which egressed from the gut, are also substantially enriched in late-treated individuals. Our data establish gut and systemic B-cell polyreactivity to commensal bacteria as hallmarks of chronic HIV-1 infection and suggest that initiating treatment early may limit intestinal B-cell abnormalities compromising HIV-1 humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Planchais
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Luis M Molinos-Albert
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hieu
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexia Kanyavuz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Clermont
- Collection of the Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Prazuck
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Laurent Lefrou
- Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Hüe
- INSERM U955-Équipe 16, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Hocqueloux
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Humoral Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, F-75015, Paris, France.
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16
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Sánchez-Conde M, Alba C, Castro I, Dronda F, Ramírez M, Arroyo R, Moreno S, Rodríguez JM, Brañas F. Comparison of the Fecal Bacteriome of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Older Adults. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2305. [PMID: 37626801 PMCID: PMC10452058 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is considered a scenario of accelerated aging. Previous studies have suggested a link between aging, frailty, and gut dysbiosis, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the HIV population. Our objective was to compare the fecal bacteriome of older people with HIV (PWH) and non-HIV controls, and to assess potential links between gut dysbiosis and frailty. A total of 36 fecal samples (24 from PWH and 12 from non-HIV controls) were submitted to a metataxonomic analysis targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. High-quality reads were assembled and classified into operational taxonomic units. Alpha diversity, assessed using the Shannon index, was higher in the control group than in the HIV group (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of the genus Blautia was higher in the HIV group (p < 0.001). The presence of Blautia was also higher in PWH with depression (p = 0.004), whereas the opposite was observed for the genus Bifidobacterium (p = 0.004). Our study shows shifts in the composition of the PWH bacteriome when compared to that of healthy controls. To our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting a potential link between depression and gut dysbiosis in the HIV population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (F.D.); (S.M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFECT), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (I.C.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (I.C.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Fernando Dronda
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Margarita Ramírez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (I.C.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (I.C.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Fátima Brañas
- Geriatric Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Moretti S, Schietroma I, Sberna G, Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Borsetti A. HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12193. [PMID: 37569570 PMCID: PMC10418605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial translocation, the main driver of inflammation and immune activation, even in people living with HIV (PLWH) taking antiretroviral drug therapy. The higher levels of HIV DNA in the gut compared to the blood highlight the importance of the gut as a viral reservoir. CD4+ T-cell subsets in the gut differ in phenotypic characteristics and differentiation status from the ones in other tissues or in peripheral blood, and little is still known about the mechanisms by which the persistence of HIV is maintained at this anatomical site. This review aims to describe the interaction with key subsets of CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa targeted by HIV-1 and the role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in HIV-associated systemic inflammation and immune activation that are crucial in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Leonardo Sernicola
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Farcomeni
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
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18
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Lacunza E, Fink V, Salas ME, Canzoneri R, Naipauer J, Williams S, Coso O, Sued O, Cahn P, Mesri EA, Abba MC. Oral and anal microbiome from HIV-exposed individuals: role of host-associated factors in taxa composition and metabolic pathways. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:48. [PMID: 37438354 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that the microbiome plays a significant role in HIV immunopathogenesis and associated complications. This study aimed to characterize the oral and anal microbiome of Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender Women (TGW), with and without HIV. One hundred and thirty oral and anal DNA-derived samples were obtained from 78 participants and subjected to shotgun metagenomics sequencing for further microbiome analysis. Significant differences in the microbiome composition were found among subjects associated with HIV infection, gender, sex behavior, CD4+ T-cell counts, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the presence of HPV-associated precancerous anal lesions. Results confirm the occurrence of oncogenic viromes in this high HIV-risk population. The oral microbiome in HIV-associated cases exhibited an enrichment of bacteria associated with periodontal disease pathogenesis. Conversely, anal bacteria showed a significant decrease in HIV-infected subjects (Coprococcus comes, Finegoldia magna, Blautia obeum, Catenibacterium mitsuokai). TGW showed enrichment in species related to sexual transmission, which concurs that most recruited TGW are or have been sex workers. Prevotella bivia and Fusobacterium gonidiaformans were positively associated with anal precancerous lesions among HIV-infected subjects. The enrichment of Holdemanella biformis and C. comes was associated with detectable viral load and ART-untreated patients. Metabolic pathways were distinctly affected by predominant factors linked to sexual behavior or HIV pathogenesis. Gene family analysis identified bacterial gene signatures as potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for HIV/AIDS-associated malignancies. Conclusions: Identified microbial features at accessible sites are potential biomarkers for predicting precancerous anal lesions and therapeutic targets for HIV immunopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Valeria Fink
- Dirección de Investigaciones, Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Salas
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Romina Canzoneri
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julián Naipauer
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sion Williams
- University of Miami - Center for AIDS Research (UM-CFAR) / Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Omar Coso
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Omar Sued
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, USA
| | - Pedro Cahn
- Dirección de Investigaciones, Fundación Huésped, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique A Mesri
- University of Miami - Center for AIDS Research (UM-CFAR) / Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Martín C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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19
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Duarte MJ, Tien PC, Somsouk M, Price JC. The human microbiome and gut-liver axis in people living with HIV. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2023; 20:170-180. [PMID: 37129834 PMCID: PMC10232565 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-023-00657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). Emerging data suggests that gut microbial translocation may play a role in driving and modulating liver disease, a bi-directional relationship termed the gut-liver axis. While it is recognized that PLWH have a high degree of dysbiosis and gut microbial translocation, little is known about the gut-liver axis in PLWH. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shown that microbial translocation can directly lead to hepatic inflammation, and have linked gut microbial signatures, dysbiosis, and translocation to liver disease in PLWH. Additionally, multiple trials have explored interventions targeting the microbiome in PLWH. Emerging research supports the interaction between the gut microbiome and liver disease in PLWH. This offers new opportunities to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of liver disease in this population, as well as to explore possible clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Duarte
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Cinque F, Cespiati A, Lombardi R, Guaraldi G, Sebastiani G. Nutritional and Lifestyle Therapy for NAFLD in People with HIV. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081990. [PMID: 37111209 PMCID: PMC10140991 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two major epidemics affecting millions of people worldwide. As people with HIV (PWH) age, there is an increased prevalence of metabolic comorbidities, along with unique HIV factors, such as HIV chronic inflammation and life-long exposure to antiretroviral therapy, which leads to a high prevalence of NAFLD. An unhealthy lifestyle, with a high dietary intake of refined carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, fructose added beverages, and processed red meat, as well as physical inactivity, are known to trigger and promote the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, with no currently approved pharmacotherapy and a lack of clinical trials that are inclusive of HIV, nutritional and lifestyle approaches still represent the most recommended treatments for PWH with NAFLD. While sharing common features with the general population, NAFLD in PWH displays its own peculiarities that may also reflect different impacts of nutrition and exercise on its onset and treatment. Therefore, in this narrative review, we aimed to explore the role of nutrients in the development of NAFLD in PWH. In addition, we discussed the nutritional and lifestyle approaches to managing NAFLD in the setting of HIV, with insights into the role of gut microbiota and lean NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Cinque
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cespiati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Lombardi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giada Sebastiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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21
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Li Z, Tian M, Wang G, Cui X, Ma J, Liu S, Shen B, Liu F, Wu K, Xiao X, Zhu C. Senotherapeutics: An emerging approach to the treatment of viral infectious diseases in the elderly. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1098712. [PMID: 37065192 PMCID: PMC10094634 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1098712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the phenomenon that the elderly have higher morbidity and mortality is of great concern. Existing evidence suggests that senescence and viral infection interact with each other. Viral infection can lead to the aggravation of senescence through multiple pathways, while virus-induced senescence combined with existing senescence in the elderly aggravates the severity of viral infections and promotes excessive age-related inflammation and multiple organ damage or dysfunction, ultimately resulting in higher mortality. The underlying mechanisms may involve mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, the role of pre-activated macrophages and over-recruited immune cells, and accumulation of immune cells with trained immunity. Thus, senescence-targeted drugs were shown to have positive effects on the treatment of viral infectious diseases in the elderly, which has received great attention and extensive research. Therefore, this review focused on the relationship between senescence and viral infection, as well as the significance of senotherapeutics for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun’e Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingzheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengliang Zhu, ; Xuan Xiao,
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengliang Zhu, ; Xuan Xiao,
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22
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Meng J, Tao J, Abu Y, Sussman DA, Girotra M, Franceschi D, Roy S. HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy Have an Altered Mucosal Intestinal but Not Oral Microbiome. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0247222. [PMID: 36511710 PMCID: PMC9927552 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02472-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterized compositional and functional shifts in the intestinal and oral microbiome in HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-negative individuals. Seventy-nine specimens were collected from 5 HIV-positive and 12 control subjects from five locations (colon brush, colon wash, terminal ileum [TI] brush, TI wash, and saliva) during colonoscopy and at patient visits. Microbiome composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, and microbiome function was predicted using bioinformatics tools (PICRUSt and BugBase). Our analysis indicated that the β-diversity of all intestinal samples (colon brush, colon wash, TI brush, and TI wash) from patients with HIV was significantly different from patients without HIV. Specifically, bacteria from genera Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Megasphaera were more abundant in samples from HIV-positive patients. On the other hand, bacteria from genera Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Clostridium were more abundant in samples from HIV-negative patients. Additionally, HIV-positive patients had higher abundances of biofilm-forming and pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, pathways related to translation and nucleotide metabolism were elevated in HIV-positive patients, whereas pathways related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were positively correlated with samples from HIV-negative patients. Our analyses further showed variations in microbiome composition in HIV-positive and negative patients by sampling site. Samples from colon wash, colon brush, and TI wash were significant between groups, while samples from TI brush and saliva were not significant. Taken together, here, we report altered intestinal microbiome composition and predicted function in patients with HIV compared to uninfected patients, though we found no changes in the oral microbiome. IMPORTANCE Over 37 million people worldwide are living with HIV. Although the availability of antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced the number of AIDS-related deaths, individuals living with HIV are at increased risk for opportunistic infections. We now know that HIV interacts with the trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the human body termed the microbiome. Only a limited number of previous studies have compared variations in the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome with HIV infection. Here, we detail how the oral and gastrointestinal microbiome changes with HIV infection, having used 5 different sampling sites to gain a more comprehensive view of these changes by location. Our results show site-specific changes in the intestinal microbiome associated with HIV infection. Additionally, we show that while there were significant changes in the intestinal microbiome, there were no significant changes in the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Meng
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Junyi Tao
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yaa Abu
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Andrew Sussman
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Medical Group, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mohit Girotra
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Medical Group, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Dido Franceschi
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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23
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Chandiwana P, Munjoma PT, Mazhandu AJ, Li J, Baertschi I, Wyss J, Jordi SBU, Mazengera LR, Yilmaz B, Misselwitz B, Duri K. Antenatal gut microbiome profiles and effect on pregnancy outcome in HIV infected and HIV uninfected women in a resource limited setting. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:4. [PMID: 36604616 PMCID: PMC9817306 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) severely damages the epithelial cells of the gut lining leading to an inflamed leaky gut, translocation of microbial products, and dysbiosis resulting in systemic immune activation. Also, microbiota composition and maternal gut function can be altered in pregnancy through changes in the immune system and intestinal physiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women and to compare and identify the association between gut microbial composition and adverse birth outcomes. RESULTS A total of 94 pregnant women (35 HIV-infected and 59 HIV-uninfected controls) were recruited in Harare from 4 polyclinics serving populations with relatively poor socioeconomic status. Women were of a median age of 28 years (interquartile range, IQR: 22.3-32.0) and 55% of women were 35 weeks gestational age at enrolment (median 35.0 weeks, IQR: 32.5-37.2). Microbiota profiling in these participants showed that species richness was significantly lower in the HIV-infected pregnant women compared to their HIV-uninfected peers and significant differences in β-diversity using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity were observed. In contrast, there was no significant difference in α-diversity between immune-compromised (CD4+ < 350 cells/µL) and immune-competent HIV-infected women (CD4+ ≥ 350 cells/µL) even after stratification by viral load suppression. HIV infection was significantly associated with a reduced abundance of Clostridium, Turicibacter, Ruminococcus, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Treponema, Oscillospira, and Faecalibacterium and a higher abundance of Actinomyces, and Succinivibrio. Low infant birth weight (< 2500 g) was significantly associated with high abundances of the phylum Spirochaetes, the families Spirochaeteceae, Veillonellaceae, and the genus Treponema. CONCLUSION The results reported here show that the species richness and taxonomy composition of the gut microbiota is altered in HIV-infected pregnant women, possibly reflecting intestinal dysbiosis. Some of these taxa were also associated with low infant birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panashe Chandiwana
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Privilege Tendai Munjoma
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Arthur John Mazhandu
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jiaqi Li
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Baertschi
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Wyss
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bruno Ulrich Jordi
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lovemore Ronald Mazengera
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- grid.411656.10000 0004 0479 0855Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department for Biomedical Research, Maurice Müller Laboratories, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kerina Duri
- grid.13001.330000 0004 0572 0760Immunology Unit, Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Investigative Sciences, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
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24
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Moreno E, Ron R, Serrano-Villar S. The microbiota as a modulator of mucosal inflammation and HIV/HPV pathogenesis: From association to causation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1072655. [PMID: 36756132 PMCID: PMC9900135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1072655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the microbiota has largely been associated with the pathogenesis of viral infections, most studies using omics techniques are correlational and hypothesis-generating. The mechanisms affecting the immune responses to viral infections are still being fully understood. Here we focus on the two most important sexually transmitted persistent viruses, HPV and HIV. Sophisticated omics techniques are boosting our ability to understand microbiota-pathogen-host interactions from a functional perspective by surveying the host and bacterial protein and metabolite production using systems biology approaches. However, while these strategies have allowed describing interaction networks to identify potential novel microbiota-associated biomarkers or therapeutic targets to prevent or treat infectious diseases, the analyses are typically based on highly dimensional datasets -thousands of features in small cohorts of patients-. As a result, we are far from getting to their clinical use. Here we provide a broad overview of how the microbiota influences the immune responses to HIV and HPV disease. Furthermore, we highlight experimental approaches to understand better the microbiota-host-virus interactions that might increase our potential to identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Ron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Shen S, Rui Y, Wang Y, Su J, Yu X. SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HPV: Convergent evolution of selective regulation of cGAS-STING signaling. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28220. [PMID: 36229923 PMCID: PMC9874546 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing aberrant cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA and stimulating innate immunity is essential for the host's defense against viruses and tumors. Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic DNA sensor that synthesizes the second messenger 2'3'-cGAMP and subsequently activates stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-mediated activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and the production of type I interferon (IFN-I). Both the cGAS-STING-mediated IFN-I antiviral defense and the countermeasures developed by diverse viruses have been extensively studied. However, recent studies have revealed a convergent evolutionary feature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral proteins in terms of the selective regulation of cGAS-STING-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling without any effect on cGAS-STING-mediated TBK1/IRF3 activation and IFN production. The potential beneficial effect of this cGAS-STING-mediated, NF-κB-dependent antiviral effect, and the possible detrimental effect of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 and HIV infection deserve more attention and future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Shen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yajuan Rui
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yanpu Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaming Su
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Xiao‐Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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26
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Okazaki A, Kawano S. Multi-Task Learning for Compositional Data via Sparse Network Lasso. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1839. [PMID: 36554244 PMCID: PMC9777680 DOI: 10.3390/e24121839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multi-task learning is a statistical methodology that aims to improve the generalization performances of estimation and prediction tasks by sharing common information among multiple tasks. On the other hand, compositional data consist of proportions as components summing to one. Because components of compositional data depend on each other, existing methods for multi-task learning cannot be directly applied to them. In the framework of multi-task learning, a network lasso regularization enables us to consider each sample as a single task and construct different models for each one. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning method for compositional data using a sparse network lasso. We focus on a symmetric form of the log-contrast model, which is a regression model with compositional covariates. Our proposed method enables us to extract latent clusters and relevant variables for compositional data by considering relationships among samples. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through simulation studies and application to gut microbiome data. Both results show that the prediction accuracy of our proposed method is better than existing methods when information about relationships among samples is appropriately obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Okazaki
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu 182-8585, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kawano
- Faculty of Mathematics, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku 819-0395, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Du Y, Zhu YJ, Zhou YX, Ding J, Liu JY. Metformin in therapeutic applications in human diseases: its mechanism of action and clinical study. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:41. [PMID: 36484892 PMCID: PMC9733765 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide drug, is the most commonly used first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellites due to its outstanding glucose-lowering ability. After oral administration of 1 g, metformin peaked plasma concentration of approximately 20-30 μM in 3 h, and then it mainly accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney. Substantial studies have indicated that metformin exerts its beneficial or deleterious effect by multiple mechanisms, apart from AMPK-dependent mechanism, also including several AMPK-independent mechanisms, such as restoring of redox balance, affecting mitochondrial function, modulating gut microbiome and regulating several other signals, such as FBP1, PP2A, FGF21, SIRT1 and mTOR. On the basis of these multiple mechanisms, researchers tried to repurpose this old drug and further explored the possible indications and adverse effects of metformin. Through investigating with clinical studies, researchers concluded that in addition to decreasing cardiovascular events and anti-obesity, metformin is also beneficial for neurodegenerative disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, aging, cancer and COVID-19, however, it also induces some adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal complaints, lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, neurodegenerative disease and offspring impairment. Of note, the dose of metformin used in most studies is much higher than its clinically relevant dose, which may cast doubt on the actual effects of metformin on these disease in the clinic. This review summarizes these research developments on the mechanism of action and clinical evidence of metformin and discusses its therapeutic potential and clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ding
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Martinez SS, Stebliankin V, Hernandez J, Martin H, Tamargo J, Rodriguez JB, Teeman C, Johnson A, Seminario L, Campa A, Narasimhan G, Baum MK. Multiomic analysis reveals microbiome-related relationships between cocaine use and metabolites. AIDS 2022; 36:2089-2099. [PMID: 36382433 PMCID: PMC9673179 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over 19 million individuals globally have a cocaine use disorder, a significant public health crisis. Cocaine has also been associated with a pro-inflammatory state and recently with imbalances in the intestinal microbiota as compared to nonuse. The objective of this pilot study was to characterize the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in people with HIV (PWH) who use cocaine compared with those who do not. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS A pilot study in PWH was conducted on 25 cocaine users and 25 cocaine nonusers from the Miami Adult Studies on HIV cohort. Stool samples and blood plasma were collected. Bacterial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolomics in plasma were determined using gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS The relative abundances of the Lachnopspira genus, Oscillospira genus, Bifidobacterium adolescentis species, and Euryarchaeota phylum were significantly higher in the cocaine- using PWH compared to cocaine-nonusing PWH. Cocaine-use was associated with higher levels of several metabolites: products of dopamine catabolism (3-methoxytyrosine and 3-methoxytyramine sulfate), phenylacetate, benzoate, butyrate, and butyrylglycine. CONCLUSIONS Cocaine use was associated with higher abundances of taxa and metabolites known to be associated with pathogenic states that include gastrointestinal conditions. Understanding key intestinal bacterial functional pathways that are altered due to cocaine use in PWH will provide a better understanding of the relationships between the host intestinal microbiome and potentially provide novel treatments to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vitalii Stebliankin
- Florida International University, Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Hernandez
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | - Haley Martin
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | - Javier Tamargo
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | | | - Colby Teeman
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | - Angelique Johnson
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | - Leslie Seminario
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | - Adriana Campa
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Florida International University, Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marianna K Baum
- Florida International University, R. Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work
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Olwenyi OA, Johnson SD, Bidokhti M, Thakur V, Pandey K, Thurman M, Acharya A, Uppada S, Callen S, Giavedoni L, Ranga U, Buch SJ, Byrareddy SN. Systems biology analyses reveal enhanced chronic morphine distortion of gut-brain interrelationships in simian human immunodeficiency virus infected rhesus macaques. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1001544. [PMID: 36312033 PMCID: PMC9613112 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1001544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commonly used opioids, such as morphine have been implicated in augmented SIV/HIV persistence within the central nervous system (CNS). However, the extent of myeloid cell polarization and viral persistence in different brain regions remains unclear. Additionally, the additive effects of morphine on SIV/HIV dysregulation of gut-brain crosstalk remain underexplored. Therefore, studies focused on understanding how drugs of abuse such as morphine affect immune dynamics, viral persistence and gut-brain interrelationships are warranted. Materials and methods For a total of 9 weeks, rhesus macaques were ramped-up, and twice daily injections of either morphine (n = 4) or saline (n = 4) administered. This was later followed with infection with SHIVAD8EO variants. At necropsy, mononuclear cells were isolated from diverse brain [frontal lobe, cerebellum, medulla, putamen, hippocampus (HIP) and subventricular zone (SVZ)] and gut [lamina propria (LP) and muscularis (MUSC) of ascending colon, duodenum, and ileum] regions. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to were profile for myeloid cell polarity/activation and results corroborated with indirect immunofluorescence assays. Simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) DNA levels were measured with aid of the digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Luminex assays were then used to evaluate soluble plasma/CSF biomarker levels. Finally, changes in the fecal microbiome were evaluated using 16S rRNA on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Results Flow Cytometry-based semi-supervised analysis revealed that morphine exposure led to exacerbated M1 (CD14/CD16)/M2 (CD163/CD206) polarization in activated microglia that spanned across diverse brain regions. This was accompanied by elevated SHIV DNA within the sites of neurogenesis-HIP and SVZ. HIP/SVZ CD16+ activated microglia positively correlated with SHIV DNA levels in the brain (r = 0.548, p = 0.042). Simultaneously, morphine dependence depleted butyrate-producing bacteria, including Ruminococcus (p = 0.05), Lachnospira (p = 0.068) genera and Roseburia_sp_831b (p = 0.068). Finally, morphine also altered the regulation of CNS inflammation by reducing the levels of IL1 Receptor antagonist (IL1Ra). Conclusion These findings are suggestive that morphine promotes CNS inflammation by altering receptor modulation, increasing myeloid brain activation, distorting gut-brain crosstalk, and causing selective enhancement of SHIV persistence in sites of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omalla A. Olwenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mehdi Bidokhti
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vandana Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shannon Callen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Luis Giavedoni
- Department of Biology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Udaykumar Ranga
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Shilpa J. Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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30
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Carrico AW, Cherenack EM, Rubin LH, McIntosh R, Ghanooni D, Chavez JV, Klatt NR, Paul RH. Through the Looking-Glass: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:984-994. [PMID: 36044613 PMCID: PMC9553251 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common in people with HIV (PWH), but the underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. HIV-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract potentiates residual immune dysregulation in PWH receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. However, few studies among PWH have examined the relevance of microbiome-gut-brain axis: bidirectional crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and central nervous system. METHODS A narrative review was conducted to integrate findings from 159 articles relevant to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and microbiome-gut-brain axis research in PWH. RESULTS Early PNI studies demonstrated that neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system could partially account for the associations of psychological factors with clinical HIV progression. This review highlights the need for PNI studies examining the mechanistic relevance of the gut microbiota for residual immune dysregulation, tryptophan catabolism, and oxytocin release as key biological determinants of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH (i.e., body-to-mind pathways). It also underscores the continued relevance of neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and oxytocin release in modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis functioning (i.e., mind-to-body pathways). CONCLUSIONS Advancing our understanding of PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways relevant to depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH can guide the development of novel biobehavioral interventions to optimize health outcomes. Recommendations are provided for biobehavioral and neurobehavioral research investigating bidirectional PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways among PWH in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Carrico
- From the Department of Public Health Sciences (Carrico, Cherenack, Ghanooni, Chavez), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Departments of Neurology (Rubin) and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology (Rubin), Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychology (McIntosh), University of Miami College of Arts and Sciences, Coral Gables, Florida; Department of Surgery (Klatt), University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Department of Psychological Sciences (Paul), University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Caira-Chuquineyra B, Fernandez-Guzman D, Soriano-Moreno DR, Fernandez-Morales J, Flores-Lovon K, Medina-Ramírez SA, Gonzales-Uribe AG, Pelayo-Luis IP, Gonzales-Zamora JA, Huaringa-Marcelo J. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Scoping Review. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:700-708. [PMID: 35451337 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this scoping review was to determine the characteristics of studies evaluating fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as its effects and safety as a therapeutic intervention for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a scoping review following the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We searched the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Medline until September 19, 2021. Studies that used FMT in people living with HIV and explored its effects on the health of these people were included. Two randomized and 2 uncontrolled clinical trials with a total of 55 participants were included. Participants were well-controlled HIV-infected people. Regarding microbiota changes, three studies found significant post-FMT increases in Fusobacterium, Prevotella, α-diversity, Chao index, and/or Shannon index, and/or decreases in Bacteroides. Regarding markers of intestinal damage, one study found a decrease in intestinal fatty acid binding protein post-FMT, and another study found an increase in zonulin. Other outcomes evaluated by the studies were as follows: markers of immune and inflammatory activation, markers of immunocompetence (CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes), and HIV viral load; however, none showed significant changes. Clinical outcomes were not evaluated by these studies. Regarding the safety of FMT, only mild adverse events were appreciated. No serious adverse event was reported. The clinical evidence for FMT in people living with HIV is sparse. FMT appears to have good tolerability and, no serious adverse event has been reported so far. Further clinical trials and evaluation of clinically important biomedical outcomes for FMT in people living with HIV are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra
- Peruvian Epidemiological Research Group, Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Health Evidence, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Lima, Peru.,Faculty of Medicine, National University of San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Peruvian Epidemiological Research Group, Unit for the Generation and Synthesis of Health Evidence, San Ignacio de Loyola University, Lima, Peru.,Professional School of Human Medicine, National University of San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - David R Soriano-Moreno
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Jared Fernandez-Morales
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Antony G Gonzales-Uribe
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Isabel P Pelayo-Luis
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, School of Medicine, Peruvian Union University, Lima, Peru
| | - Jose A Gonzales-Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Peruvian American Medical Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jorge Huaringa-Marcelo
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Scientific University of the South, Lima, Peru.,Archbishop Loayza National Hospital, Lima, Peru
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Wetherill MS, Bakhsh C, Caywood L, Williams MB, Hartwell ML, Wheeler DL, Hubach RD, Teague TK, Köhler G, Hebert JR, Weiser SD. Unpacking determinants and consequences of food insecurity for insulin resistance among people living with HIV: Conceptual framework and protocol for the NOURISH-OK study. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3. [PMID: 36225538 PMCID: PMC9552993 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.947552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Over the past four decades, advances in HIV treatment have contributed to a longer life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). With these gains, the prevention and management of chronic co-morbidities, such as diabetes, are now central medical care goals for this population. In the United States, food insecurity disproportionately impacts PLWH and may play a role in the development of insulin resistance through direct and indirect pathways. The Nutrition to Optimize, Understand, and Restore Insulin Sensitivity in HIV for Oklahoma (NOURISH-OK) will use a novel, multi-level, integrated framework to explore how food insecurity contributes to insulin resistance among PLWH. Specifically, it will explore how food insecurity may operate as an intermediary risk factor for insulin resistance, including potential linkages between upstream determinants of health and downstream consequences of poor diet, other behavioral risk factors, and chronic inflammation. Methods/design: This paper summarizes the protocol for the first aim of the NOURISH-OK study, which involves purposeful cross-sectional sampling of PLWH (n=500) across four levels of food insecurity to test our conceptual framework. Developed in collaboration with community stakeholders, this initial phase involves the collection of anthropometrics, fasting blood samples, non-blood biomarkers, 24-hour food recall to estimate the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) score, and survey data. A 1-month, prospective observational sub-study (total n=100; n=25 for each food security group) involves weekly 24-hour food recalls and stool samples to identify temporal associations between food insecurity, diet, and gut microbiome composition. Using structural equation modeling, we will explore how upstream risk factors, including early life events, current discrimination, and community food access, may influence food insecurity and its potential downstream impacts, including diet, other lifestyle risk behaviors, and chronic inflammation, with insulin resistance as the ultimate outcome variable. Findings from these analyses of observational data will inform the subsequent study aims, which involve qualitative exploration of significant pathways, followed by development and testing of a low-DII® food as medicine intervention to reverse insulin resistance among PLWH (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05208671). Discussion: The NOURISH-OK study will address important research gaps to inform the development of food as medicine interventions to support healthy aging for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna S. Wetherill
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Marianna S. Wetherill,
| | | | - Lacey Caywood
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mary B. Williams
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Tulsa Schusterman Center, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Micah L. Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Denna L. Wheeler
- Center for Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Randolph D. Hubach
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - T. Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Gerwald Köhler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - James R. Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Sheri D. Weiser
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
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Pandrea I, Brooks K, Desai RP, Tare M, Brenchley JM, Apetrei C. I've looked at gut from both sides now: Gastrointestinal tract involvement in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV/SIV infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:899559. [PMID: 36032119 PMCID: PMC9411647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.899559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains an incredibly diverse and extensive collection of microorganisms that can directly stimulate the immune system. There are significant data to demonstrate that the spatial localization of the microbiome can impact viral disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss recent studies that have investigated causes and consequences of GI tract pathologies in HIV, SIV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections with HIV and SIV initiating GI pathology from the basal side and SARS-CoV-2 from the luminal side. Both these infections result in alterations of the intestinal barrier, leading to microbial translocation, persistent inflammation, and T-cell immune activation. GI tract damage is one of the major contributors to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals and to the incomplete immune restoration in HIV-infected subjects, even in those with robust viral control with antiretroviral therapy. While the causes of GI tract pathologies differ between these virus families, therapeutic interventions to reduce microbial translocation-induced inflammation and improve the integrity of the GI tract may improve the prognoses of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelsie Brooks
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rahul P. Desai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Minali Tare
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Karakoese Z, Schwerdtfeger M, Karsten CB, Esser S, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Distinct Type I Interferon Subtypes Differentially Stimulate T Cell Responses in HIV-1-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936918. [PMID: 35911692 PMCID: PMC9326074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of type I interferons (IFNs) is one of the immediate host responses during most viral infections. The type I IFN family consists of numerous highly conserved IFNα subtypes, IFNβ, and some others. Although these IFNα subtypes were initially believed to act interchangeably, their discrete biological properties are nowadays widely accepted. Subtype-specific antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-proliferative activities were reported explained by differences in receptor affinity, downstream signaling events, and individual IFN-stimulated gene expression patterns. Type I IFNs and increased IFN signatures potentially linked to hyperimmune activation of T cells are critically discussed for chronic HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. Here, we aimed to analyze the broad immunological effects of specific type I IFN subtypes (IFNα2, IFNα14, and IFNβ) on T and NK cell subsets during HIV-1 infection in vitro and ex vivo. Stimulation with IFNα14 and IFNβ significantly increased frequencies of degranulating (CD107a+) gut-derived CD4+ T cells and blood-derived T and NK cells. However, frequencies of IFNγ-expressing T cells were strongly reduced after stimulation with IFNα14 and IFNβ. Phosphorylation of downstream molecules was not only IFN subtype-specific; also, significant differences in STAT5 phosphorylation were observed in both healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMCs of HIV-infected individuals, but this effect was less pronounced in healthy gut-derived lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs), assuming cell and tissue specific discrepancies. In conclusion, we observed distinct type I IFN subtype-specific potencies in stimulating T and NK cell responses during HIV-1-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Karakoese
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mara Schwerdtfeger
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christina B. Karsten
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Esser
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulf Dittmer, ; Kathrin Sutter,
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Translational HIV Research, University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulf Dittmer, ; Kathrin Sutter,
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Brauckmann V, Nambiar S, Potthoff A, Höxtermann S, Wach J, Kayser A, Tiemann C, Schuppe AK, Brockmeyer NH, Skaletz-Rorowski A. Influence of dietary supplementation of short-chain fatty acid sodium propionate in people living with HIV (PLHIV). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:881-889. [PMID: 35176190 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-AIDS associated chronic diseases in HIV+ patients have been on the rise since the advent of antiretroviral therapy. Especially cardiovascular diseases and disruption in the gastrointestinal tract have limited health-related quality of life (QoL). Several of those complications have been associated with chronic systemic inflammation. Short chain fatty-acids (SCFA), with propionate as one of the major compounds, have been described as an important link between gut microbiota and the immune system, defining the pro- and the anti-inflammatory milieu through direct and indirect regulation of T-cell homeostasis. The effects of dietary supplementation of sodium propionate (SP) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) have not yet been investigated prior to this study. OBJECTIVES To investigate the impact of SP uptake among PLHIV and its relevance to improve QoL, the study aimed to investigate metabolic, immunological, microbiome and patient-reported QoL related changes post SP-supplementation with follow up. METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, controlled, monocentric interventional study was conducted in WIR, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, in Bochum, Germany. 32 HIV+ patients with unaltered ART-regimen in the last three months were included. Participants were given SP for a duration of 12 weeks in the form of daily oral supplementation and were additionally followed-up for another 12 weeks. RESULTS The supplementation of SP was well tolerated. We found an improvement in lipid profiles and long-term blood glucose levels. A decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and a depletion of effector T-Cells was observed. Regulatory T-Cells and IL-10 decreased. Furthermore, changes in taxonomic composition of the microbiome during follow-up were observed and improvement of items of self-reported life-quality assessment. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the beneficial impact of SP in PLHIV reflects its potential in improving metabolic parameters and modulating pro-inflammatory immune responses. Thus possibly reducing the risk of cardiovascular disorders and facilitating long-term improvement of the gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesta Brauckmann
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Nambiar
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Potthoff
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Höxtermann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Wach
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Public Health Department Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Kayser
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Aidshilfe Bochum (Aids Service Organization Bochum) e.V, Bochum, Germany
| | - C Tiemann
- MVZ Laboratory Krone, Molecular Diagnostics, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - A K Schuppe
- MVZ Laboratory Krone, Molecular Diagnostics, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - N H Brockmeyer
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Skaletz-Rorowski
- WIR-Walk In Ruhr (WIR), Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Bochum, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Immunological Outpatient Clinic, Center for Sexual Health and Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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36
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Mingjun Z, Fei M, Zhousong X, Wei X, Jian X, Yuanxue Y, Youfeng S, Zhongping C, Yiqin L, Xiaohong Z, Ying C, Zhenbing W, Zehu D, Lanjuan L. 16S rDNA sequencing analyzes differences in intestinal flora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and association with immune activation. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4085-4099. [PMID: 35129067 PMCID: PMC8974104 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2019174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the influence of HIV on the intestinal flora and the interrelationship with CD4 T cells, the present study collected stool specimens from 33 HIV patients and 28 healthy subjects to compare the differences in the intestinal flora and CD4 T cells in a 16S rDNA-sequencing approach. ELISA was used to detect the expressions of interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Meanwhile, correlation analysis with the different bacterial populations in each group was carried out. The results revealed that Alpha diversity indices of the intestinal flora of HIV patients were markedly lower than that of the healthy group (p < 0.05). The top five bacterial species in the HIV group were Bacteroides (23.453%), Prevotella (19.237%), Fusobacterium (12.408%), Lachnospira (3.811%), and Escherichia-Shigella (3.126%). Spearman correlation analysis results indicated that Fusobacterium_mortiferum, Fusobacterium, and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with TNF-α (p < 0.05), whereas Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidales was negatively correlated with TNF-α (p < 0.05). Additionally, Agathobacter was positively correlated with contents of IL-2 and IL-8 (p < 0.05), whereas Prevotellaceae, and Prevotella were negatively correlated with IL-8 content (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the top five strains in the CD4 high group (≥350/mm3) included Bacteroides (23.286%), Prevotella (21.943%), Fusobacterium (10.479%), Lachnospira (4.465%), and un_f_Lachnospiraceae (2.786%). Taken together, the present study identified that Fusobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella were specific and highly abundant in the HIV group and a correlation between the different bacterial flora and the contents of IL-2, IL-8, and TNF-α was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mingjun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Fei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Zhousong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Shulan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Tongchuang Medical Laboratory Co. LTD, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Jian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yuanxue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing D.A. Medical Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Shen Youfeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing D.A. Medical Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Zhongping
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Yiqin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xiaohong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Shulan Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Zhenbing
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Precision Medical Industry Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing D.A. Medical Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - Deng Zehu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Lanjuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Ouyang J, Zaongo SD, Zhang X, Qi M, Hu A, Wu H, Chen Y. Microbiota-Meditated Immunity Abnormalities Facilitate Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infection in People Living With HIV: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:755890. [PMID: 35069530 PMCID: PMC8770824 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is fairly common in people living with HIV (PLWH) and affects millions of people worldwide. Identical transmission routes and HIV-induced immune suppression have been assumed to be the main factors contributing to this phenomenon. Moreover, convergent evidence has shown that people co-infected with HIV and HBV are more likely to have long-term serious medical problems, suffer more from liver-related diseases, and have higher mortality rates, compared to individuals infected exclusively by either HIV or HBV. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the comorbid infection of HIV and HBV have not been fully elucidated. In recent times, the human gastrointestinal microbiome is progressively being recognized as playing a pivotal role in modulating immune function, and is likely to also contribute significantly to critical processes involving systemic inflammation. Both antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve HIV-infected subjects and ART-treated individuals are now known to be characterized by having gut microbiomic dysbiosis, which is associated with a damaged intestinal barrier, impaired mucosal immunological functioning, increased microbial translocation, and long-term immune activation. Altered microbiota-related products in PLWH, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), have been associated with the development of leaky gut syndrome, favoring microbial translocation, which in turn has been associated with a chronically activated underlying host immune response and hence the facilitated pathogenesis of HBV infection. Herein, we critically review the interplay among gut microbiota, immunity, and HIV and HBV infection, thus laying down the groundwork with respect to the future development of effective strategies to efficiently restore normally diversified gut microbiota in PLWH with a dysregulated gut microbiome, and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Silvere D Zaongo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Miaomiao Qi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Aizhen Hu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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38
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Xie Y, Sun J, Hu C, Ruan B, Zhu B. Oral Microbiota Is Associated With Immune Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794746. [PMID: 34956162 PMCID: PMC8696184 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected individuals deserves attention as either HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy (ART) may have effect on the diversity and the composition of the oral microbiome. However, few studies have addressed the oral microbiota and its interplay with different immune responses to ART in HIV-infected individuals. Salivary microbiota and immune activation were studied in 30 HIV-infected immunological responders (IR) and 34 immunological non-responders (INR) (≥500 and < 200 CD4 + T-cell counts/μl after 2 years of HIV-1 viral suppression, respectively) with no comorbidities. Metagenome sequencing revealed that the IR and the INR group presented similar salivary bacterial richness and diversity. The INR group presented a significantly higher abundance of genus Selenomonas_4, while the IR group manifested higher abundances of Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_p_Saccharimonas. Candidatus_Saccharimonas and norank_p_Saccharimonas were positively correlated with the current CD4 + T-cells. Candidatus_Saccharimonas was positively correlated with the markers of adaptive immunity CD4 + CD57 + T-cells, while negative correlation was found between norank _p_Saccharimonas and the CD8 + CD38 + T-cells as well as the CD4/CD8 + HLADR + CD38 + T-cells. The conclusions are that the overall salivary microbiota structure was similar in the immunological responders and immunological non-responders, while there were some taxonomic differences in the salivary bacterial composition. Selenomona_4, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, and norank _p_Saccharimonas might act as important factors of the immune recovery in the immunodeficiency patients, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas could be considered in the future as screening biomarkers for the immune responses in the HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirui Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Caiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Lin H, Cole M, Morris A, Martinson J, Mckay H, Mimiaga M, Margolick J, Fitch A, Methe B, Srinivas VR, Peddada S, Rinaldo CR. Signature changes in gut microbiome are associated with increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in MSM. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:237. [PMID: 34879869 PMCID: PMC8656045 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by HIV-1 since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, particularly in the USA and Europe. Compared to men who have sex with women (MSW), MSM have a distinct fecal microbiome regardless of HIV-1 infection. However, it is unclear whether the MSM-associated gut microbiome affects the susceptibility and progression of HIV-1 infection. We studied fecal microbiome profiles, short-chain fatty acids, and blood plasma inflammatory cytokines of 109 HIV-1 seroconverters (SC) from the early, 1984-1985 phase of the HIV-1 pandemic in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) before and after HIV-1 infection compared to 156 HIV-1-negative MACS MSM (negative controls [NC]). RESULTS We found that family Succinivibrionaceae, S24-7, Mogibacteriaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae were significantly higher (p<0.05), whereas Odoribacteraceae, Verucomicrobiaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Barnesiellaceae, and Rikenellaceae were significantly lower (p<0.05), in SC before HIV-1 infection compared to NC. At the species level, Prevotella stercorea, Eubacterium biforme, and Collinsella aerofaciens were significantly higher (p<0.05), and Eubacterium dolichum, Desulfovibrio D168, Alistipes onderdonkii, Ruminococcus torques, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides caccae, Alistipes putredinis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides uniformis, and Bacteroides ovatus were significantly lower (p<0.05) in SC before HIV-1 infection compared to NC. After HIV-1 infection, family Prevotellaceae and Victivallaceae and species Bacteroides fragilis and Eubacterium cylindroides were significantly higher (p<0.05) in SC who developed AIDS within 5 years compared to the SC who were AIDS free for more than 10 years without antiretroviral therapy (ART). In addition, family Victivallaceae and species Prevotella stercorea, Coprococcus eutactus, and Butyrivibrio crossotus were significantly higher (p<0.05) and Gemmiger formicilis and Blautia obeum were significantly lower (p<0.05) after HIV-1 infection in SC who developed AIDS within 5-10 years compared to the SC who were AIDS-free for more than 10 years without ART. Furthermore, plasma inflammatory cytokine levels of sCD14, sCD163, interleukin 6, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were significantly higher in SC with p<0.05 before HIV-1 infection compared to NC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that pathogenic changes in the gut microbiome were present in MSM several months prior to infection with HIV-1 in the early phase of the AIDS pandemic in the USA. This was associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers in the blood and risk for development of AIDS. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Huang Lin
- Current address: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Mariah Cole
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Present address: Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jeremy Martinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Heather Mckay
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Matthew Mimiaga
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Joseph Margolick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Adam Fitch
- Present address: Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Barbara Methe
- Present address: Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Vatsala Rangachar Srinivas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Current address: Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Charles R. Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Olwenyi OA, Johnson SD, Pandey K, Thurman M, Acharya A, Buch SJ, Fox HS, Podany AT, Fletcher CV, Byrareddy SN. Diminished Peripheral CD29hi Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Are Associated With Deleterious Effects During SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:734871. [PMID: 34721397 PMCID: PMC8548621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs) limit HIV pathogenesis, as evidenced in elite controllers (a subset of individuals who suppress the virus without the need for therapy). CD4+ CTLs have also been shown to kill HIV-infected macrophages. However, little is known about their contribution towards HIV persistence, how they are affected following exposure to immune modulators like morphine, and what factors maintain their frequencies and function. Further, the lack of robust markers to identify CD4+ CTLs in various animal models limits understanding of their role in HIV pathogenesis. We utilized various PBMC samples obtained from SIV infected and cART treated rhesus macaques exposed to morphine or saline and subjected to flow cytometry evaluations. Thereafter, we compared and correlated the expression of CD4+ CTL-specific markers to viral load and viral reservoir estimations in total CD4+ T cells. We found that CD29 could be reliably used as a marker to identify CD4+ CTLs in rhesus macaques since CD29hi CD4+ T cells secrete higher cytotoxic and proinflammatory cytokines following PMA/ionomycin or gag stimulation. In addition, this immune cell subset was depleted during untreated SIV infection. Strikingly, we also observed that early initiation of cART reconstitutes depleted CD29hi CD4+ T cells and restores their function. Furthermore, we noted that morphine exposure reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/cytotoxic molecules in CD29hi CD4+ T cells. Lastly, increased functionality of CD29hi CD4+ T cells as depicted by elevated levels of either IL-21 or granzyme B hi T Bet+ gag specific responses were linked to limiting the size of the replication-competent reservoir during cART treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that CD4+ CTLs are crucial in limiting SIV pathogenesis and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omalla A. Olwenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Samuel D. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michellie Thurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shilpa J. Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Howard S. Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Anthony T. Podany
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Courtney V. Fletcher
- Antiviral Pharmacology Laboratory, Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Coker MO, Cairo C, Garzino-Demo A. HIV-Associated Interactions Between Oral Microbiota and Mucosal Immune Cells: Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:676669. [PMID: 34616391 PMCID: PMC8488204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with sustained use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of systemic comorbid conditions and oral pathologies, including opportunistic infections, oral mucosal inflammation, and gingival and periodontal diseases. The immune-mediated mechanisms that drive this increased risk, in the context of sustained viral suppression, are unclear. HIV infection, even when controlled, alters microbial communities contributing to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that underlies these non-HIV co-morbidities. The higher prevalence of dental caries, and mucosal and periodontal inflammation reported in HIV-infected individuals on ART is often associated with differentially abundant oral microbial communities, possibly leading to a heightened susceptibility to inflammation. This mini-review highlights current gaps in knowledge regarding the microbe-mediated oral mucosal immunity with HIV infection while discussing opportunities for future research investigations and implementation of novel approaches to elucidate these gaps. Interventions targeting both inflammation and microbial diversity are needed to mitigate oral inflammation-related comorbidities, particularly in HIV-infected individuals. More broadly, additional research is needed to bolster general models of microbiome-mediated chronic immune activation and aid the development of precise microbiota-targeted interventions to reverse or mitigate adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe O Coker
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine at Rutgers, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at Rutgers, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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42
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Nabatanzi R, Bayigga L, Cose S, Canderan G, Rowland Jones S, Joloba M, Nakanjako D. Innate lymphoid cell dysfunction during long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy in an African cohort. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:59. [PMID: 34445953 PMCID: PMC8390268 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are lymphoid lineage innate immune cells that do not mount antigen-specific responses due to their lack of B and T-cell receptors. ILCs are predominantly found at mucosal surfaces, as gatekeepers against invading infectious agents through rapid secretion of immune regulatory cytokines. HIV associated destruction of mucosal lymphoid tissue depletes ILCs, among other immune dysfunctions. Studies have described limited restoration of ILCs during the first three years of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Little is known about restoration of ILCs during long-term cART, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa which hosts increasing numbers of adults with at least a decade of cART. RESULTS We examined phenotypes and function of ILCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 12 years of suppressive cART. We report that ILC1 frequencies (T-BET + CD127 + and CD161 +) were higher in cART-treated HIV-infected relative to age-matched health HIV-negative adults; P = 0.04 whereas ILC precursors (ILCP) were comparable in the two groups (P = 0.56). Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion by ILC1 was higher among cART-treated HIV-infected relative to HIV-negative adults (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION HIV associated alteration of ILC persisted during cART and may likely affect the quality of host innate and adaptive immune responses during long-term cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Nabatanzi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lois Bayigga
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Cose
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | | | - Moses Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Bien J, Yan X, Simpson L, Müller CL. Tree-aggregated predictive modeling of microbiome data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14505. [PMID: 34267244 PMCID: PMC8282688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern high-throughput sequencing technologies provide low-cost microbiome survey data across all habitats of life at unprecedented scale. At the most granular level, the primary data consist of sparse counts of amplicon sequence variants or operational taxonomic units that are associated with taxonomic and phylogenetic group information. In this contribution, we leverage the hierarchical structure of amplicon data and propose a data-driven and scalable tree-guided aggregation framework to associate microbial subcompositions with response variables of interest. The excess number of zero or low count measurements at the read level forces traditional microbiome data analysis workflows to remove rare sequencing variants or group them by a fixed taxonomic rank, such as genus or phylum, or by phylogenetic similarity. By contrast, our framework, which we call trac (tree-aggregation of compositional data), learns data-adaptive taxon aggregation levels for predictive modeling, greatly reducing the need for user-defined aggregation in preprocessing while simultaneously integrating seamlessly into the compositional data analysis framework. We illustrate the versatility of our framework in the context of large-scale regression problems in human gut, soil, and marine microbial ecosystems. We posit that the inferred aggregation levels provide highly interpretable taxon groupings that can help microbiome researchers gain insights into the structure and functioning of the underlying ecosystem of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bien
- Department of Data Sciences and Operations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Léo Simpson
- Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian L Müller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA.
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Strathdee SA, Bristow CC, Gaines T, Shoptaw S. Collateral Damage: A Narrative Review on Epidemics of Substance Use Disorders and Their Relationships to Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:466-473. [PMID: 33315749 PMCID: PMC8184578 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Associations between substance use disorders and outbreaks of HIV and acute viral hepatitis have received considerable attention, but less research has focused on links between substance use disorders and sexually transmitted infections, apart from alcohol misuse. This narrative review describes the history of this public health crisis in the United States and direct and indirect effects opioids and specific stimulants have on high-risk sexual behaviors. We also review the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections associated with opioids and stimulants in the United States and discuss opportunities for integrated interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffanie Ann Strathdee
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Claire C Bristow
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Tommi Gaines
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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45
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Shukla S, Kumari S, Bal SK, Monaco DC, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Sharma AA. "Go", "No Go," or "Where to Go"; does microbiota dictate T cell exhaustion, programming, and HIV persistence? Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021; 16:215-222. [PMID: 34039845 PMCID: PMC11309580 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW People living with HIV who fail to fully reconstitute CD4+T cells after combination antiretroviral therapy therapy (i.e. immune nonresponders or INRs) have higher frequencies of exhausted T cells are enriched in a small pool of memory T cells where HIV persists and have an abundance of plasma metabolites of bacterial and host origins. Here, we review the current understanding of critical features of T cell exhaustion associated with HIV persistence; we propose to develop novel strategies to reinvigorate the effector function of exhausted T cells with the aim of purging the HIV reservoir. RECENT FINDINGS We and others have recently reported the role of microbiota and metabolites in regulating T cell homeostasis, effector function, and senescence. We have observed that bacteria of the Firmicute phyla (specifically members of the genus Lactobacilli), associated metabolites (β-hydroxybutyrate family), and bile acids can promote regulatory T cell differentiation in INRs with a senescent peripheral blood gene expression profile. SUMMARY The cross-talk between immune cells and gut microbes at the intestinal mucosa (a major effector site of the mucosal immune response), regulates the priming, proliferation, and differentiation of local and distant immune responses. This cross-talk via the production of major metabolite families (like serum amyloid A, polysaccharide A, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands) plays a key role in maintaining immune homeostasis. HIV infection/persistence leads to gut dysbiosis/microbial translocation, resulting in the local and systemic dissemination of microbes. The ensuing increase in immune cell-microbiome (including pathogens) interaction promotes heightened inflammatory responses and is implicated in regulating innate/adaptive immune effector differentiation cascades that drive HIV persistence. The exact role of the microbiota and associated metabolites in regulating T cell- mediated effector functions that can restrict HIV persistence continue to be the subject of on-going studies and are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Shukla
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
| | - Saswat K. Bal
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
| | - Daniela C. Monaco
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
| | - Susan Pereira Ribeiro
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
| | - Ashish Arunkumar Sharma
- Pathology Advanced Translational Research Unit (PATRU), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Emory University, School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA-30322
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46
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Bai X, Narayanan A, Nowak P, Ray S, Neogi U, Sönnerborg A. Whole-Genome Metagenomic Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in HIV-1-Infected Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667718. [PMID: 34248876 PMCID: PMC8267369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome plays a significant role in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis and HIV-1-associated complications. Previous studies have mostly been based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which is limited in taxonomic resolution at the genus level and inferred functionality. Herein, we performed a deep shotgun metagenomics study with the aim to obtain a more precise landscape of gut microbiome dysbiosis in HIV-1 infection. A reduced tendency of alpha diversity and significantly higher beta diversity were found in HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to HIV-1-negative controls. Several species, such as Streptococcus anginosus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Rothia mucilaginosa, were significantly enriched in the HIV-1-ART group. Correlations were observed between the degree of immunodeficiency and gut microbiome in terms of microbiota composition and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, microbial shift in HIV-1-infected individuals was found to be associated with changes in microbial virulome and resistome. From the perspective of methodological evaluations, our study showed that different DNA extraction protocols significantly affect the genomic DNA quantity and quality. Moreover, whole metagenome sequencing depth affects critically the recovery of microbial genes, including virulome and resistome, while less than 5 million reads per sample is sufficient for taxonomy profiling in human fecal metagenomic samples. These findings advance our understanding of human gut microbiome and their potential associations with HIV-1 infection. The methodological assessment assists in future study design to accurately assess human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bai
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aswathy Narayanan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden MIMS, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shilpa Ray
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden MIMS, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Townsend EM, Kelly L, Muscatt G, Box JD, Hargraves N, Lilley D, Jameson E. The Human Gut Phageome: Origins and Roles in the Human Gut Microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:643214. [PMID: 34150671 PMCID: PMC8213399 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.643214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the microbial populations of the human body, known as the microbiome, has led to a revolutionary field of science, and understanding of its impacts on human development and health. The majority of microbiome research to date has focussed on bacteria and other kingdoms of life, such as fungi. Trailing behind these is the interrogation of the gut viruses, specifically the phageome. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacterial hosts, are known to dictate the dynamics and diversity of bacterial populations in a number of ecosystems. However, the phageome of the human gut, while of apparent importance, remains an area of many unknowns. In this paper we discuss the role of bacteriophages within the human gut microbiome. We examine the methods used to study bacteriophage populations, how this evolved over time and what we now understand about the phageome. We review the phageome development in infancy, and factors that may influence phage populations in adult life. The role and action of the phageome is then discussed at both a biological-level, and in the broader context of human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Townsend
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Kelly
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - George Muscatt
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua D Box
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Hargraves
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lilley
- Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Jameson
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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48
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Ray S, Narayanan A, Giske CG, Neogi U, Sönnerborg A, Nowak P. Altered Gut Microbiome under Antiretroviral Therapy: Impact of Efavirenz and Zidovudine. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1104-1115. [PMID: 33346662 PMCID: PMC8154435 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
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Millions
of individuals currently living with HIV globally are
receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) that suppresses viral replication
and improves host immune responses. The involvement of gut microbiome
during HIV infection has been studied, exposing correlation with immune
status and inflammation. However, the direct effect of ART on gut
commensals of HIV-infected individuals has been mostly overlooked
in microbiome studies. We used 16S rRNA sequencing (Illumina MiSeq)
for determining the microbiota composition of stool samples from 16
viremic patients before and one year after ART. We also tested the
direct effect of 15 antiretrovirals against four gut microbes, namely, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides, and Prevotella to assess their in vitro antibacterial effect. 16S rRNA analysis of fecal samples showed
that effective ART for one year does not restore the microbiome diversity
in HIV-infected patients. A significant reduction in α-diversity
was observed in patients under non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors; (NNRTI; 2 NRTI+NNRTI; NRTIs are nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors) as compared to ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PI/r;
2 NRTI+PI/r). Prevotella (P = 0.00001) showed a significantly decreased abundance in patients
after ART (n = 16). We also found the direct effect
of antivirals on gut microbes, where zidovudine (ZDV) and efavirenz
(EFV) showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella. EFV also inhibited the growth of E. faecalis. Therefore, we observed that ART does not reverse the HIV-induced
gut microbiome dysbiosis and might aggravate those microbiota alterations
due to the antibacterial effect of certain antiretrovirals (like EFV,
ZDV). Our results imply that restructuring the microbiota could be
a potential therapeutic target in HIV-1 patients under ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ray
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52 Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden MIMS, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Aswathy Narayanan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52 Sweden
| | - Christian G. Giske
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52 Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm 171 76,Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52 Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52 Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 52 Sweden
- The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden MIMS, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
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49
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Fernandez-Botran R, Plankey MW, Ware D, Bordon J. Changes in liver steatosis in HIV-positive women are associated with the BMI, but not with biomarkers. Cytokine 2021; 144:155573. [PMID: 33994069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is higher in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population. While metabolic risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome have been identified as key risk factors in all individuals, there is limited information regarding the mechanisms that contribute to the higher prevalence among individuals living with HIV, particularly among women and ethnic minorities. The aim of this study was to determine the association, over two time points, of a panel of biomarkers with liver steatosis in a cohort of HIV-seropositive women and age-matched negative controls and to investigate whether the association differed by HIV status. To this effect, plasma samples obtained from 105 HIV-positive and -negative participants enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV study (WIHS) Washington DC site were assayed for biomarkers associated with inflammation, adipose tissue function, fibrinolysis, gut permeability and hepatocyte apoptosis/necrosis. Their association with liver steatosis, measured using Controlled-Attenuation Parameter (CAP) scores determined by transient elastography, were then analyzed. HIV positivity was associated with lower median IL-17A and higher IL-22 and sCD14 values. There were no statistically significant associations between HIV status, biomarkers or covariates with CAP measurement over two time points. However, IL-1β levels were associated with higher CAP scores at the second visit. Across all statistical models, an increase in BMI was associated with an increase in CAP measurements. No statistically significant associations were found between viral load history, CD4 + T-cell count, biomarkers and covariates, including ART use, on CAP measurements. These results confirm that BMI is a key risk factor for liver steatosis independent of HIV status. The potential contributions to NAFLD of differences in IL-1β, Th17-family cytokines and gut permeability between HIV-positive vs. negative individuals require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fernandez-Botran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
| | - Michael W Plankey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Deanna Ware
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - José Bordon
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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50
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Lyu W, Meng Q, Xiao J, Li J, Wang J, Qiu Z, Song X, Zhu H, Shao C, Chu Y, Zhou Q, Li T, Jean-Pierre R, Yu J, Han Y, Kang Y. Gut lactate-producing bacteria promote CD4 T cell recovery on Anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2928-2937. [PMID: 34141131 PMCID: PMC8191414 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses
viral replication in HIV-infected patients, however CD4 + cell restoration to
normal value is not achieved by 15–20% of patients who are called immune
non-responders. Gut microbiota composition has been shown to influence host
immunity. Herein, to identify intestinal microbial agents that may influence the
CD4 recovery in HIV-infected patients, we utilized a “Quasi-paired cohort”
method to analyze intestinal metagenome data from immunological responders (IRs)
and immunological non-responders (INRs). This method identified significant
enrichment for Streptococcus sp. and related
lactate-producing bacteria (LAB) in IRs. In a validation cohort, positive
correlations between the abundance of these LAB and the post-ART CD4 + recovery
was observed, and a prediction model based on these LAB performed well in
predicting immune recovery. Finally, experiments using a germ-free mouse model
of antibody-induced CD4 + cell depletion showed that supplementation with a
lactate-producing commensal Streptococcus thermophilus
strongly promoted CD4 recovery. In conclusion, our study identified a group of
LAB that was associated with enhanced immune recovery in post-ART HIV-infected
patients and promotes CD4 + cell restoration in a mouse model. These findings
favour supplementation of LAB commensal as a therapeutic strategy for CD4 + cell
count improvement in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lyu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, & Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qingren Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingfa Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhifeng Qiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, & Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, & Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Changjun Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanan Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Taisheng Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, & Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Routy Jean-Pierre
- Chronic Viral Illnesses Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, & Center for AIDS Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
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